Passive voice

Câu bị động (Passive Voice) là thể nhấn mạnh đối tượng bị tác động bởi 1 hành động.

I. Cấu trúc của câu bị động

S+V+O
=> O + BE + Vpii (by S)

Thì Chủ động Bị động

Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O S(o) + am/is/are + VP2

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + Ving + O S(o) + am/is/are + being + VP2

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + P2 + O S + have/has + been + P2

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + V(ed/Ps) + O

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O

Quá khứ hoàn thành

Tương lai đơn

Tương lai hoàn thành

Tương lai gần

Động từ khuyết thiếu (must,

should, have to, can,....)
Các bước chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động.

Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể bị động như hướng dẫn ở trên.

Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước. Những chủ ngữ không xác
định chúng ta có thể bỏ qua như: by them, by people….

II. Các dạng của thể bị động

1. Verbs with 2 Objects
Eg: The boy gave the girl a grass ring
=> The girl was given a grass ring by the boy
=> A grass ring was given to the girl

S1 + be given + sth
sent
shown
bought

Sth + be Vpii to/for… S1

I gave him an apple

=>...............................................................................
=>...............................................................................

2. Let: để cái gì ở đâu/ cho phép ai làm gì

Eg: Who lets the dog out?
=> By whom was the dog let out?

Eg: My parents rarely let me use the computer.

=> I am rarely allowed to use the computer.
 3. Bị động với các động từ chỉ giác quan

Make + O + Vbare
Hear, See
+ Ving
Help

Be made + To V
heard
seen
helped

Eg: My mom always makes me look after my brother

=> I am always made to look after my brother

4. Bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến

Think + It be Vpii + that + clause

Say
Consider
Believe + S + be + Vpii + to V/ to have Vpii
Know
Expect
Rumour

Eg: Many people believe that the Earth will be dead

=> It is believed that the Earth will be dead
=> The Earth is believed to be dead

5. Câu chủ động là câu mệnh lệnh

(Do not) + V + O +.....

=> Let + O + (not) be + Vpii…

Eg: Put your pen down → Let your pen be put down. (Bỏ cây bút xuống)
 Practice

A. Change to passive voice

1. John gets his sister to clean his shirt.

2. Anne had had a friend type her composition.

3. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.

4. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.

5. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?

6. I must have the dentist check my teeth.

7. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.

8. They have her tell the story again.

9. The waiter brings me this dish.

10. Our friends send these postcards to us.

11. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

12. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

13. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

14. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

15. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

16. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

 17. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

18. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

19. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

20. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.

21. They keep this room tidy all the time.

22. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

23. They moved the fridge into the living room.

B. Find the mistakes and correct (if available)

1. Five thieves were caught by the police.

2. He ordered by the doctor to take some days off.

3. An English class was begin last month.

4. He was found in the forest by some local people.

5. A house is going to been painted at the end of this year.

6. The number of students studying abroad has been increased recently.

7. I am now lived in HCM city, but I were been born in Hanoi.

8. During the Covid 19 pandemic, many shops were close.

9. The price of some products have risen because they are advertised.

10. City dwellers encourage to classify waste.

C. For each sentence, choose either the active or the passive form of the verb...and the correct tense!

1. That door………………………………………….. (paint) yesterday.

2. Michelangelo ………………………………………….. (paint) the Sistine Chapel.

3. Michael Schumacher ………………………………………….. (drive) for Ferrari in 2003.

4. In the UK, everyone ………………………………………….. (drive) on the left.

5. Inter-city trains ………………………………………….. (usually/drive) by men.

6. The 'La Stampa' newspaper…………………………… (read) by two million people in Italy.

7. My car ………………………………………….. (steal)! Call the police!!!!

8. The thieves ………………………………………….. (steal) the gold last week.

9. The Queen …………………………………………..(open) the bridge tomorrow.

10. The bridge ………………………………………….. (destroy) by the storm last night.

11. I (learn) …………………………………………..Japanese when I was in Tokyo.

12. I (teach)………………………………………….. by an old Japanese man.

13. This letter ………………………………………….. (should/type), not handwritten!

14. The new secretary……………………………………………. (type) at 100 wpm.

15. More than 50,000 people are believed…………………………………………….(kill) by the earthquake.

16. I …………………………………………(offer)a job in Budapest.

17. She…………………………………………(give) an award for her bravery during the fire.

18. Cigarettes are …………………………………………((knew)to be bad for people's health

19. The escaped prisoners …………………………………………(be) reported to be travelling towards London.

20. It is believed…………………………………………(this/that) the price of petrol will continue to rise.

21. Certificates are …………………………………………(being/ been) sent to all of the students who passed the exam.

22. It is…………………………………………(think) that the Earth is over four and a half billion years old.score