CHUYÊN ĐỀ UNIT 2:PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động)

A.LÝ THUYẾT
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Ex: Active: Susan wrote a letter.

Passive:A letter was written by Susan.
Active: He has bought some books.
Passive: Some books have been bought (by him).

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ TH

TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM
Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.P
Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P
Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Simple past V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P
Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P
Past perfect Had + P.P Had + been + P.P
Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P
Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P

Ex: People speak English all over the world.

→ English is spoken all over the world.
They built the museum in 1990.
→ The museum was built in 1990.
Ann is washing the clothes.
→ The clothes are being washed by Ann.
We have watched this film several times.
→ This film has been watched several times.
She will give us another chance.
→ We will be given another chance.
They had made an announcement before I came.
→ An announcement had been made before I came.
Note:
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by
Ex: Smoke filled the room. → The room was filled with smoke.
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O

III. CÁC DẠNG KHÁC TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

I. Câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ
– Đối với câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ (trong đó thường có 1 tân ngữ chỉ người và 1 tân ngữ chỉ vật) như give, show,
tell, ask, teach, send …… muốn nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ nào người ta đưa tân ngữ đó lên làm chủ ngữ của câu bị
động. Do đó, ta có thể viết được 2 câu bị động bằng cách lần lượt lấy O1 và O2 của câu chủ động ban đầu làm chủ
ngữ để mở đầu các câu bị động.
Ex: I gave him a book. → He was given a book (by me) Or A book was given to him (by me).
II. Động từ trong câu chủ động có giới từ đi kèm
– Chúng ta không thể tách giới từ khỏi V mà nó đi cùng. Ta đặt giới từ đó ngay sau V trong câu bị động.
Ex:
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– Someone broke into our house . → Our house was broken into.
– The boys usually picks her up. → She is usually picked up by the boys.
NOTES: LƯU Ý
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
 I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
 This bridge was built last year (by them)
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ
người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
 I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
 A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody
nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
 His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex: I do my homework carefully.
 My homework is carefully done.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
 He was lent money yesterday.
 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
 the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.

CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Passive voice-bị động

I. Turn into Passive voice : S + am/is/are + P2 + by+ O

2. People don’t use this road very often.

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3. They don’t pay Jim very much.

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4. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.

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5. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board
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6. They use milk for making butter and cheese.

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7. Weeds cover the river.
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9. John delivers the newspapers every morning.

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10.Do they teach English here?

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11. Where do people speak English?

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II. Turn into Passive voice : S + am/is/are+ being + P2 + by+ O

1.They are building a new ring-road round the city.
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2. He is asking me a lot of questions.

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3. Is she making big cakes for the party?

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4.Are the police making inquires about the thief?

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5. They are painting their house.

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III. Turn into Passive voice : S + have/has + been + P2 + by+ O

1.They have changed the date of the meeting.
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2. My mother has made that cake.

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3. They has prepared a dinner before we come.

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4. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.

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6. Science and Technology have completely changed human life.

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7. Have they changed the window of the laboratory?

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8. Has Tom finished the work?

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9.How long have they waited for the doctor?

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10. The police have arrested three men.

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IV. Turn into Passive voice : S + was/were + P2 + by+ O

1.They cancelled all flights because of fog.
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2.Somebody accused me of stealing the money.

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4.His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.

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5. Luckily for me, they didn't call my name.

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6. They told the new pupil where to sit

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7. A man I know told me about it.

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V. Turn into Passive voice : S + was/were + being + P2 + by+ O

1.They were decorating the house when I came
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2. They were painting the walls at 10 yesterday.

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3. I didn’t realise that someone was recording our conversation.

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4. She was doing her homework at that time.

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5. Workers were digging a large hole in the street.

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VI. Turn into Passive voice : S + will/shall + be + P2 + by+ O

1.I will invite her to my party on Sunday.
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2.They will complete this bridge next month.

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3.He won't tell me the truth about the situation.

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4.Mr Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow.

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5.The teacher will give her a prize if she works well.

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6.After ten minutes he will call us in.

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7.We will visit my grand parents next weekend.

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8.I. am sure that I will prepare every thing carefully.

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9.Will you invite her to your wedding party?

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10.When will you do the work?

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VII. Turn into Passive voice : S + can/must/ might/ should…+be + P2 + by+ O

1.People should send their complaints to the head office.
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2. You musn't use this machine after 5.30 p.m

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3. We can never find him at home for he is always on the move.

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4. You must clean the wall before you paint it.

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5. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
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6. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.

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7. Must we finish the test before ten?

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8 . They can open this safe.

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9. Someone might steal my shoes.

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10. What time can the boys hand in their papers?

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VIII. Turn into Passive voice : S + am/is/ are + going to+ be + P2 + by+ O
1.They are going to hold next year’s congress in San Francisco.
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2. Is she going to write a poem ?

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3. She is going to buy a cookery book.

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4. They are going to repair the old cars.

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5. The are going to widen this road next month.

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6. I am going to get some salt .

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7. I am going to take Alan to the airport.

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8. He isn't going to buy that house

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9. Are you going to paint the walls ?

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10. How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
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IX. Turn into Passive voice : S + have/has to + be + P2 + by+ O

1. We have to feed the chickens three times a day
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2.They have to postpone the meeting because of illness.

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3 We have to pick fruits very early in the morning.

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4. They have to finish their work before 6 p.m

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5. They will have to pull down that building.

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XII. Turn into Passive voice

1. They did these exercises well.
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2 They must wash the dress in cold water.

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3. He has made no mistakes in his composition

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4.New Arts gallery will exhibit his painting for the first time.
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5. They built this house 100 years ago.

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6.They make the artificial flowers of silk.

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7. The students are writing the lessons now.

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8. A group of students have met their friend at the railway station.

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9. They feed these animals at the zoo twice a day.

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10. French doctors are going to perform the operation.

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11. They have made all the arrangements.

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12. When did they manufacture this radio?

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13. We couldn't find them any where.

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14. Do they teach maths in this school?

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15. Fortunately the accident didn't damage the machinery.

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16. Please wait here while they are examining your luggage.
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17. How do they make candles?

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18. For a long time they believed that the earth was flat.
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19. Did your teacher teach you how to apply this theory?
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20. They say that apples are good for our health.
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21. They didn't allow Tom to take these books home.

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22. People believe that red is the symbol of luck.

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23. What have they done to help the poor in this city?
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24. The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow.

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25. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
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26.This well- known library attracts many people.

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27.All students attended the meeting.

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28.People say that he is intelligent.

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29.He can't repair my bike.

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30.Mary has operated Tom since 10. o'clock.

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31. Noone has made any comments on the event.

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32.This the second time they have written to us about this.

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33.Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years.

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34.They didn't look after the children properly.

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36.People drink a great deal of tea in England.

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37.She often takes her dog for a walk.

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38.She didn't introduce me to her mother.

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39.Farmers usually milk cows twice a day

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40. People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars.

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41.The car knocked woman down in the stress.

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42.Cows were eating grass on the meadow.

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43.My cousin will meet you at the station.

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44.Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom

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45. John hasn't finished his homework.

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46.I will shut the door if you like.

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47.We have just seen a horrible accident.

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48.What language do people speak in this country?

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49.When I was 18 years old my parents didn't allowed me to go out in the evening.
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50.This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week.

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