THE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENTENCES (CÂU CHỦ

ĐỘNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

QUAN SÁT:
- Câu chủ động (Active sentences): Mr. Smith teaches English.
- Câu bị động (Passive sentences): English is taught by Mr. Smith.
QUY TẮC:
Muốn chuyển một câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực hiện các buớc sau: A: S
VA O

P: S VP by + agent
1. Tân ngữ chủ động => chủ ngữ bị động
Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.
Ex: My father built the house.  The house was built by my father.
- Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ thì một trong hai tân ngữ có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động. Tuy
nhiên tân ngữ về người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: I’m writing her a letter.
 She is being written a letter.
 A letter is being written to her.
2. Động từ bị động
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì simple present hoặc simple past thì động từ trong câu bị động sẽ là:

AM, IS, ARE

+ PAST PARTICIPLE
WAS, WERE

Ex: John delivers the newspapers every morning.

 The newspapers are delivered by John every morning. My mother
wrote that letter.
 That letter was written by my mother.
- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì present continuous hoặc past continuous thì động từ trong câu bị động sẽ
là:

AM, IS, ARE

+ BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
WAS, WERE
Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions.
 I am being asked a lot of questions. She was doing
her homework at that time.
 Her homework was being done at that time.
- Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì present perfect hoặc past perfect thì động từ trong câu bị động sẽ là:

HAVE, HAS
+ BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE
HAD
 Ex: My mother has made that cake.
 That cake has been made by my mother. They had
prepared a dinner before we came.
 A dinner had been prepared before we came.
- Nếu động từ chủ động dùng với các động từ như can, may, must, will, shall, have to, used to, ... thì
động từ trong câu sẽ là:
CAN, MAY,... + BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Ex: My friend can answer this question.

 This question can be answered by my friend. The
manager should sign these contracts today.
 These contracts should be signed by the manager today.
3. Chủ ngữ chủ động => BY + tân ngữ bị động
Ex: My mother made this cake.  This cake was made by my mother.
- Me, you, him, them, people, someone, ... thường được bỏ trong câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân.
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.  I have been sent the flowers.
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by trước tân ngữ ấy.
Ex: Smoke filled the room.The room was filled with smoke.
4. Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc trạng ngữ trong câu bị động.
- Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + tân ngữ bị động.
Ex: The police found him in the forest.
 He was found in the forest by the police.
- Trạng từ/ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + tân ngữ bị động. Ex: My
parents are going to buy a car tomorrow.
 A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow.
- Trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adverbs of manner) thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ.
Ex: The scientists have studied the problem carefully.
The problem has been carefully studied by the scientists.
EXERCISES
I. Put the following into the passive voice.
1. They can’t make tea with cold water.
Tea can’t make with cold water. ( Tea can’t be made with cold water )
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
All the workers were being introduced of the plant by the chief engineer. (All the workers of the plant were being
introduced by the chief engineer )
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
Some of my book have been taken by somebody. (Some of my book have been taken )
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
The meeting will be hold before May Day by they (The meeting will be held before May Day)
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
The engine of the car have been repaired by they (The engine of the car have been repaired)
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
The window and some pictures were broken and taken away by the boys ( The window were broken and some
pictures were taken away by the boys )
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
Advertising is spent a lot of money every day by people (A lot of money is spent on advertising every day )
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
This room may be use for the classroom by they (This room may be used for the classroom)
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
The story is going to told by the teacher. (The story is going to be told by the teacher.)
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
The cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary
11. The children looked at the women with a red hat.
The women with a red hat was looked at by the children. (The women with a red hat were looked at by the children.)
12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
The victims have been provided with food and clothing by they (The victims have been provided with food and
clothing)
13. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
English is spoken in almost every corner of the world by people (English is spoken in almost every corner of the
world )
14. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m.
This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m by you (This machine mustn’t be used after 5:30 p.m)
15. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name.
I wasn’t called my name by they ( luckily for me, My name wasn’t called )
16. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
The chalk board is always erased by one of the students after class
17. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
The wall must be cleaned by you before you paint it (The wall must be cleaned before it is painted)
18. They told the new pupil where to sit.
The new people were told where to sit by they (The new pupil was told where to sit)
19. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
I knew that he had told of the meeting
20. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
I haven’t ever treated with such kindness by nobody ( I haven’t ever been treated with such kindness )
21. No one believes his story.
His story isn’t believed by no one (His story isn’t believed)
22. A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam.
Water pressure is increased in may break the dam by a sudden ( The dam may be broken by a sudden increase in
water pressure )
23. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.
Books borrowed from the library must be taken good care of
24. A man I know told me about it.
I was told about it by a man I know
25. We can never find him at home for he is always on the move.
He can be never found at home for he is always on the move
26. They use milk for making butter and cheese.
Milk for making butter and cheese is used by they (Milk is used for making butter and cheese)
27. Science and Technology have completely changed human life.
Human life has been completed by science and technology (Human life has been completely changed by science and
technology )
28. John used to visit My Cole at weekends.
My cole used to be visited by John at weekends
 29. Weeds cover the river bank.
The river bank is covered by weeds ( the river bank is covered with weeds)
30. Smoke filled the room.
The room was filled by smoke ( The room was filled with smoke)

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

. 1. John collects money.
– money is collected by John
. Anna opened the window.
. – The window was opened by Anna
. We have done our homework.
. – Our homework has done
. I will ask a question.
. – A question will be asked
. He can cut out the picture.
- The picture can be cut out
. We do not clean our rooms
0. - Our rooms are not cleaned
1. William will not repair the car.
2. – the car will not be repair by William
3. Did Sue draw this circle?
4. – Did this circle drawn by Sue
Could you feed the dog?
- Could the dog fed
1.2. Bài tập: Viết lại những câu sau ở dạng bị động
1. She opens the book.

- the book is opened

2. She buys a lot of alcohol.

- a lot of alcohol is bought

3. They set the table. 

- The table is set

4. I take a photo.

- A photo is taken

5. We wear blue skirts. 

- Blue skirts are worn

6. He doesn’t buy the cooker.

- the cooker isn’t bought

7. They don’t help me. 

- I am not helped

8. You do not write the essay.

The essay is not written

9. Does that man rob the bank?

- Does the bank robed by that man

10. Does your dad pick you up?

- Does you picked up by your dad

2.2. Bài tập: Viết lại những câu sau ở dạng bị động
1. The girls are singing a folk song.

- A folk song is being sung by the girls

2. Mr. Thompson and his son are playing table tennis at the moment.

- Table tennis is being played by Mr. Thompson and his son at the moment

3. My sister is baking a cake.

- A cake is being baked by my sister

4. The waitress is serving three lunches now.

- Three lunches are being served by The waitress now

5. My dad is reading the newspaper at this time.

- The newspaper is being read by my dad at this time

6. They are selling cookies for Christmas right now.

- cookies for Christmas are being sold right now

7. The dog is eating its snack.

- its snack is being eaten by the dog

8. I am weeping the floor.

- the floor is being wept

9. Anna is throwing the ball into a basket.

- The ball is being thrown into a basket by Anna

10. Jimmy is choosing a present for his best friend's birthday.

- a present is being chosen for his best friend's birthday by jimmy

EXERCISE 3

Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang câu bị động

1. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessonscarefully.
Our teacher ...................................................................................................................................
2. They expected me to finish my workearly.
They expected..............................................................................................................................
3. Is she making big cakes for theparty?
Are .................................................................................................................................................
4. The house needscleaning.
The house .....................................................................................................................................
5. It was impossible to preserve river water in thepast.
River.............................................................................................................................................
6. He made me stay outsideyesterday.
I .....................................................................................................................................................
7. The teacher let us go home early lastweek.
We .................................................................................................................................................
8. He had the waiter carry the luggagehome.
He had..........................................................................................................................................
9. I got the postman to post the letter forme.
I got ...............................................................................................................................................
10. Turn on thelights!
The lights......................................................................................................................................
11. They know that English is an internationallanguage.
English ..........................................................................................................................................
12. Don't do that silly thingagain.
Don't let .........................................................................................................................................
13. We'll continue to use thisphone.
This phone ....................................................................................................................................
14. Did people make jeans two hundred yearsago?
Were.....................................................................................................................................................................?
15. They opened the road 10 yearsago.
The road ........................................................................................................................................
16. We expected them to forgiveus.
We................................................................................................................................................
17. You should open the wine 3 hours before you useit.
The ................................................................................................................................................
18. It's your duty to make tea for theparty.
You...............................................................................................................................................
19. The man gave me a piece of paper with his address onit.
I .....................................................................................................................................................
20. The teacher is watching themwork.
They ..............................................................................................................................................