PASSIVE VOICE

I. KHÁI NIỆM
- Câu chủ động: Là câu mà chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động.
Ví dụ: People speak Englisg all over the world.
- Câu bị động: Là câu mà chủ ngữ là người hoặc vật chịu sự tác động của hành động.
Ví dụ: English is spoken all over the world.
Lưu ý: Không phải cứ chủ ngữ là người thì là chủ động, chủ ngữ là vật thì là bị động.
Ví dụ: The students were punished yesterday.
Hanoi has changed a lot in the past five years.
Lưu ý: Với các từ như suit, fit, have, resemble, look, like, hold, contain, mean, … thì không sử
dụng với cấu trúc bị động
II. QUY TẮC CHUYỂN CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG-> BỊ ĐỘNG
Quá khứ Hiện tại Tương lai
Đơn Was/Were + P2 Am/is/are + P2 Will be + P2
Tiếp diễn Was/Were + being + Am/is/are + being + x
P2 P2
Hoàn thành Had been + P2 Have/has + been + Will have been + P2
P2
Tương lai gần Am/is/are + going to + be + P2
Modal verbs Can/could/may/might/must/ought to/should
+ be + P2
Ví dụ: They are building a bridge over the river
-> A bridge is being built over the river.
They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
-> Tom wasn’t allowed to take these books home
Lưu ý:
- Có thể sử dụng “get” thay cho “be”. Ví dụ: The eggs got broken = The eggs were broken.
- Có thể lược bỏ tân ngữ không xác định people, them, someone, him, her, …
- Xác định đúng động từ của câu và xác định đúng chủ ngữ, tân ngữ.
- Nơi chốn /By + O/ Thời gian. Ví dụ: He was found in the forest by the police this morning.
III. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Verb with 2 objects
Ví dụ: He gave the police some information.
-> The police were given some information
-> Some information was given to the police (by him)
- Một số động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này gồm: allow, award, ask, give, sell, send,
show, lend, pay, promise, tell, offer, teach, refuse, write.
2. Động từ nguyên mẫu + Động từ truyền khiến
Chủ động Bị động
Make Make sb do sth Be made to do sth
(Khiến ai đó làm gì) (Bị bắt làm gì)
- The teacher is making us work hard. - We were being made to work hard
- My parents made me study all day. by our teacher
- I was made to study all day by my
parents
Help Help sb do sth Be helped to do sth
- Ms Phương helps me study English - I was helped to repaired the
washing machine
Let Let sb do sth Be let do sth ( Or be allowed to do
- His parents didn’t let hom buy a sth)
motorbike
Have Have sb do sth/ get sth to do sth Have/ get something done
- I have my younger brother clean the - I have the floor cleaned by my
floor. younger brother
6. Dạng bị động của câu mệnh lệnh
 TH1:
Công thức ở dạng chủ động: V + O!
⟶ Công thức ở dạng bị động: Let + O + be + V(p2)
Ví dụ: - Turn down the radio!
➤ Let the radio be turned off!
- Close your book!
➤ Let your book be closed!
 TH2:
Công thức ở dạng chủ động: It’s one’s duty to + V-inf
⟶ Công thức ở dạng bị động: S + to be + supposed to+V inf
Ví dụ: It's students’ duty to finish their homework. (Hoàn thành bài tập về nhà là nhiệm vụ
của các học sinh.)
➤ Students are supposed to finish their homework. (Các học sinh cần phải hoàn thành bài tập
về nhà.)
 TH3:
Công thức ở dạng chủ động: It’s necessary to + V-inf
⟶ Công thức ở dạng bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2
Ví dụ: It's necessary to protect the wild animal.
➤ The wild animal should be protected.
7. Câu bị động với động từ đặc biệt
Động từ đặc biệt bao gồm: suggest, recommend, order, request, require, demand, insist,
request, command, …
Công thức ở dạng chủ động: S + suggest/recommend/demand… + that + S + (should) +
V-inf + O.
⟶ Công thức ở dạng bị động: It + be + suggested/recommended/demanded… + that + S
+ (should) + be + V3/ed + O.
Ví dụ:
 The tour guide recommends that we (should) prepare warm clothes.
(Dịch: Hướng dẫn viên đề nghị chúng tôi (nên) chuẩn bị quần áo ấm.)
➤ It is recommended that warm clothes (should) be prepared.
 They suggest that we (should) visit HaLong Bay in the summer.
(Dịch: Họ gợi ý rằng chúng tôi (nên) đến thăm Vịnh Hạ Long vào mùa hè.)
➤ It is suggested that HaLong Bay (should) be visited in the summer.

8. Câu bị động với chủ ngữ giả It

Công thức ở dạng chủ động: It + be + adj + for sb + to V + to do something

⟶ Công thức ở dạng bị động: It + be + adj + for sth + to be V3/ed.

 It is difficult for old people to learn a new language.

(Dịch: Việc người già học một ngôn ngữ mới rất khó khăn.)
➤ It is difficult for a new league to be learnt by old people.
(Dịch: Một ngôn ngữ mới được học bởi người già thì khó khăn.)
IV. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang bị động

1. They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
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2. She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
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3. Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
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4. That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
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5. He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
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6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
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7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
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8. He had a mechanic repair his car.
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9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
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10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
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11. She gave us more information.
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12. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan.
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13. They can't make tea with cold water.
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14. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
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15. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
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16. They have to repair the engine of the car.
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17. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
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18. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
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19. Teacher is going to tell a story.
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20. Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife.
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21. Do they teach English here?
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22. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
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23. Has Tom finished the work?
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24. Did the teacher give some exercises?
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25. Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
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26. Why didn't they help him?
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27. How many games has the team played?
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28. Where do people speak English?
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29. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
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30. How can they open this safe?
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31. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
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32. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
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33. Someone will tell him that news.
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34. They have sent enough money to those poor boys.
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35. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
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36. They think that he has died a natural death.
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37. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
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38. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
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39. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
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40. I knew that they had told him of the meeting
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41. They declared that she won the competition.
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42. They rumored the man was still living.
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Bài tập 2: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau

1. The documents has reviewed by the legal team.

2. The decision will be announcing by the board of directors at the annual meeting.
3. The road being repaired when the heavy rain started.
4. The message had received, but no response was given.
5. Yesterday, our trip be cancelled due to bad weather.
6. The repairs had been complete before the house was put up for sale.
 7. Endangered species should protect to conserve biodiversity.
8. The mistake was been made by the new intern, but it was rectified immediately.
9. This drug is claiming to alleviate your pain within two hours.
10. The lecture will deliver by a renowned professor at the university.

Bài tập 3: Điền dạng động từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống

1. My breakfast always __________ (prepare) by my mother every morning.

2. These documents __________ (sign) by the manager yesterday.
3. The presentation __________ (give) by the CEO at the upcoming conference.
4. The road __________ (repair) by the construction crew at the moment.
5. Our reservation just __________ (confirm) by the hotel.
6. The tickets __________ (sell out) before we reached the theatre.
7. The cake __________ (bake) in time for the party.
8. Your article __________ (not publish) because it __________ (peer-review).
9. The rules __________ (follow) by all employees in the company.
10. New DNA molecules __________ (replicate) by DNA polymerase during cell
division
Bài 4: Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau

The first diagram (31-illustrate)____________the process of cement manufacture, and the

second diagram (32-show)_____________ the materials that go into the production of
concrete.
It is clear that there are five stages in the production of cement, beginning with the input of
raw materials and ending with bags of the finished product. To produce concrete, four
different materials (33-mix)______________ together.
At the first stage in the production of cement, limestone and clay (34-crush)____________ to
form a powder. This powder then (35-mix)______________ before it passes into a rotating
heater. After heating, the resulting mixture (36-grind)_______________, and cement (37-
produce)______________. Finally, the cement (38-package)_______________in large bags.
Cement is one of the four raw materials that (39-use)_______________ in the production of
concrete, along with gravel, sand and water. To be exact, concrete (40-
consist)_______________ of 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement and 10% water. All four
materials are blended together in a rotating machine called a concrete mixer.