Passive Voice

(Câu bị động)

I. Câu bị động là gì?

Câu bị động là câu được dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh đến đối tượng chịu tác động của
hành động hơn là hành động đó. Theo mỗi thì sử dụng thì cấu trúc của câu bị động cũng
thay đổi theo.

Công thức tổng quát

Cấu trúc câu bị động ở dạng thì nào thì chia to be theo thì đó mà các bạn cùng tìm hiểu
dưới đây.
Ví dụ: I gave him a book = I gave a book to him = He was given a book (by me).

★ Lưu ý:

1. Nếu Subject (chủ ngữ) trong câu chủ động là: they, people, everyone,
someone, anyone,... → Thì không cần đưa vào câu bị động
Ví dụ: They stole my motorbike last night.  My motorbike was stolen last
night.

2. “By” được dùng khi chủ ngữ trực tiếp gây ra hành động
Ví dụ: She is making a cake  A cake is being made by her.

“With” dùng khi chủ ngữ gián tiếp gây ra hành động.
Ví dụ: A door is opened with a key
II. Chuyển đổi câu chủ động sang bị động trong thì tiếng Anh (Tense)

Thì Chủ động Bị động

Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + V3

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V3

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + V3 + O S + have/has + been + V3

Quá khứ đơn S + V(ed)/V2 + O S + was/were + V3

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3

Tương lai đơn S + will + V-infi + O S + will + be + V3

Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + V3 + O S + will + have + been +

V3

Tương lai gần S + am/is/are going to + V- S + am/is/are going to + be

infi + O + V3

Động từ khuyết thiếu S + modal verbs + V-infi + S + modal verb + be + V3

O
(Modal verbs: must, may,
might, can, could, will,
 would, should, used to,
have to, need to)

Bài tập
Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

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2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
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3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
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4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
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5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
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6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.
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7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.
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8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
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9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
..........................................................................................................................................
10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
..........................................................................................................................................
11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
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12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.
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13. They keep this room tidy all the time.
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14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
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15. They moved the fridge into the living room.
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Exercise 2: Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.

1. The war …………………………… next week. (declare)

2. Your homework …………………………by tomorrow afternoon. (must finish)

3. That house ………………………………...since I was a child. (not paint)

4. Smoking ……………………………….. in this hotel (not allow)

5. After all the flights ……………………..., the tourists checked in at the airport
hotel. (cancel)

6. The car ……………………..…. for over a week. (not wash)

7. He ………………………. a new contract last year. (give)

8. This song ………………………………..by the Beatles in 1967. (write)

9. The earth……………………… if we try hard enough to do something (can save)

10. The new bridge ……………………………….. at the moment. (build)

Exercise 3: Chuyển cách câu dưới sang thể bị động.

1. The teacher will punish Tom.
Tom ……………………………………………….. the teacher.
2. They are painting my office today.
My office …………………………………………..today.
3. Daniel bought this camera in Japan.
This camera ………………………………………… in Japan.
4. The children had made many promises.
Many promises ……………………………………..
5. The price includes breakfast and lunch.
Breakfast and lunch ……………………………… in the price.
6. The City Mayor is going to build a new bridge.
A new bridge ……………………………………… by the City Mayor.
Exercise 4: Chuyển những câu chủ động sang câu bị động
1. When will you do the work?
..........................................................................................................................................
2. How are you going to deal with this problem?
..........................................................................................................................................
3. How do you spend this amount of money?
..........................................................................................................................................
4. I wonder whether the board of directors will choose Susan or Jane for the position.
..........................................................................................................................................
5. How did the police find the lost man?
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Exercise 5: Tìm lỗi sai
1. Five suspects (A) have be (B) arrested (C) by the (D) police.
2. He was ordered (A) by the (B) doctor to (C) take an (D) long rest.
3. A (A) dancing class (B) was start (C) last week (D).
4. He were found (A) in the (B) forest by (C) the (D) police.
5. A (A) car is (B) going to been (C) bought (D) tomorrow.
6. These drugs are (A) be (B) destroyed (C) by police (D).
7. I’m from (A) Russia and (B) my family born (C) there (D).
Exercise 6: Đọc đoạn văn sau và chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng đúng của câu
bị động
The Titanic was a huge ship. It (build)___________ in Liverpool, England, and sank
on its first trip in 1912. Today, you can visit the Titanic Museum in Missouri, USA
and see what life was like for people on the Titanic. Visitors (give)__________ tickets
for their journey. Inside, the museum (decorate)____________ with things from the
real Titanic passengers, like clothes, letters, and jewelry. All the items
(keep)____________ in good conditions. You can learn about the passengers and
explore the world’s most famous ship.