Tiếng Anh Lớp 8

REPORTED SPEECH

Unit 13, Unit 14

CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
Câu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp) là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp

a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián
tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.”

She says that she is a teacher.

Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says.

Tom says that he is writing a letter now.

b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu
gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.

I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ
ba

I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her

We → They us → them our → their

Ex: He said: “I learned English.”

→ He said that he had learnt English.

Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.”

→ She told me that her mother gave her a present.

2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)

– Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề
tường thuật

Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.”

→ Mary said that you were late again.

Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me.

→ He told me that he would meet me at the airport.

3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi

II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

DIRECT INDIRECT

Simple present Simple past

 V1 /Vs(es) V2/ V-ed

Present progressive Past progressive

am/ is/ are + V-ing was/ were + V-ing

Present perfect Past perfect

have / has + P.P had + P.P

Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive

have / has been +V-ing had been + V-ing

Simple past Past perfect

V2 / -ed had + P.P

Past progressive Past perfect progressive

was / were + V-ing had been + V-ing

Simple future Future in the past

will + V1 would + V1

Future progressive Future progressive in the past

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing

Modal Verb Modal Verb in the Past

can could
May Might
Must Had to
have/has to Had to

III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

DIRECT INDIRECT
 Now/ Here/ This Then/ There/ That

These Those

Today That day

Yesterday The day before / the previous day

Last year The year before / the previous year

Tonight That night

Tomorrow The following day / the next day/ the day

after

Next month The following month / the next month

Ago before

The day before yesterday Two day before

The day before tomorrow Two day after

CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

1. COMMANDS / REQUESTS (Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị)

– Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:

Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”

Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to-inf + ….

Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.”

→ He told her to keep silent.

“Wash your hands before having dinner, Lan.” the mother said.

→ The mother told Lan ……………………………………………...

– Mệnh lệnh phủ định:

Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”

Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to-inf ….

Ex: “Don’t forget to phone me this afternoon,” he said.

→ He reminded me ……………………………………….

The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”

→ The teacher told the students ……………………………..

Tùy theo ngữ cảnh trong lời nói động từ tường thuật said hoặc said to có thể đổi thành
told, asked, advised, persuaded (thuyết phục), directed, begged, encouraged,
remind …

Ex: The doctor said to his patient: “Do exercise regularly.”

→ The doctor …………………………………………………….

2. STATEMENT (Câu trần thuật)

Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”

Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause

Note: said to → told

Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”

→ Tom said (that) he wanted to visit his friend that weekend.

She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”

→ She told me (that) ………………………………………………...

3. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi)

a. Yes – No question

Direct: S + V + (O) : “Auxilary V(trợ động từ) + S + V1 + ….?”

Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + ….

Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?”

→ He asked Mary if/whether ……………………………...

“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked

→ I asked Tan …………………………………………………….

b. Wh – question

Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Auxilary V (trợ động từ) + S + V1 + …?”

Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + ….

Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.

→ He asked me how long …………………………………….

4. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị , chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi, …động từ tường thuật
cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung
lời nói trên.

a. Reporting Verb + V-ing + ….

Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc), appreciate
(đánh giá cao, cảm kích)

Ex: Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.”

→ Peter denied ……………………………..

“Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy.

→ The boy ……………………………………..

b. Reporting Verb + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + ….

– thank someone for (cám ơn ai về ….)

– accuse someone of (buộc tội ai về …)

– congratulate someone on (chúc mừng ai về ….)

– warn someone against (cảnh báo ai về ….)

– dream of (mơ về …)

– object to (chống đối về ….)

– apologize someone for (xin lỗi ai về …)

– insist on (khăng khăng đòi …)

– complain about (phàn nàn về ….)

Ex: “I’m happy to know that you win the game. Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary.

→ Jim …………………………………………………………...

Daisy said: “Thank you for helping me”

→ Daisy ……………………………………………………...

Note:

1. Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing …

Ex: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said.

→ He …………………………………………………..

2. Let’s → suggested + V-ing …

Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing …

Ex: “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said.

→ He …………………………………………...

She said: “Let’s not talk about that problem again.”

→ She ………………………………………………..

3. Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing …

Ex: “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said.

→ She ………………………………………………………………..

5. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (TO-INFINITIVE) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Khi lời nói gián tiếp là một lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, …động
từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau nó thường được dùng để
chuyển tải nội dung lời nói này.

a. Reporting Verb + To-inf …

– agree, demand (đòi hỏi), guarantee(bảo đảm)

- Hope, promise, swear (thề)

– threaten (đe dọa), volunteer (tình nguyện), offer (đưa ra đề nghị)

– refuse(từ chối) , consent (bằng lòng) decide

Ex: “I will give you my book if you need it,” said my friend.

→ My friend offered me to give me his/her book if I needed it

…………………………………………….

b. Reporting Verb + Object + To-inf …

– ask (bảo, yêu cầu) advise (khuyên) command (ra lệnh)

– expect (mong đợi) instruct (hướng dẫn) invite (mời)

– order (ra lệnh) persuade (thuyết phục) recommend (khuyên)
– remind (nhắc nhở) encourage (cổ vũ) tell (bảo)
– urge (thúc giục) warn (cảnh báo) want (muốn, mong muốn)
Ex: “Don’t forget to lock the door,” I said to my sister.
→ I …………………………………………………….

Ann said: “Come to my place whenever you are free.”

→ Ann invited me to come to her place whenever I were free

……………………………………………………...

Note:
1. Lời đề nghị:
Would you / Could you / Will you / Can you → asked + someone + to-inf
Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing → asked + someone + to-inf

Ex: “Can you read the instructions again?” she said.

→ She asked me …………………………………..

He said: “Would you mind opening the door, please?”

→ He asked me ………………………………...
===========================

Các trường hợp không đổi thì

– Sự thật, sự việc luôn luôn đúng:

“The earth moves round the sun” he said.

–> He said that …………………………………….

They said: “Sai Gon is busier than Hanoi ”

–>They said Sai Gon ……………………………………..

Lưu ý:
không dùng say + somebody mà dùng tell + somebody hay say something to
somebody.

Câu điều kiện loại II và III:

“If I were you, I would leave here” he said.

–> He said that …………………………………...

– Wish + past simple/ past perfect ( đổi wish chứ ko đổi động từ mà giữ nguyên ĐT)

“I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said.

–> He said ………………………………..

– Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”: ( đổi sang câu trần thuật thì ko đổi mà
giữu nguyên câu)

“It’s time he woke up”, she said.

–> She said …………………………...

– Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to không chuyển:

“ You’d better work hard” he said

–> He said that …………………………..

Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản

A. Say that + a statement

–> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten (dọa) + the
infinitive

“All right, I’ll help you” he said.

–> He ………………………………...

“ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said.

–> He ………………………………………..

“I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said.

–> He ………………………………………………………..

“I’ll visit your parents when I arrive there”, he said

–> He ………………………………………………………..

“I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father

–> The father …………………………………………………..

B. Say that + a statement

–> accuse …of (buộc tội), admit + to (thừa nhận), apologise for (xin lỗi), deny + V-ing
(từ chối), insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng)
“You stole the jewels,” said the inspector(thanh tra)

–> The inspector ……………………………………………..

“I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.

–> One student admitted that making the wall dirty

……………………………………………...

“I’m sorry I’m late.” she said.

–> She apologized for being late …………………………………………………………..

“No, we didn’t enter the garden” said the boy.

–> The boy …………………………………………..

“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”, said he.

–> He ……………………………………………………

C. Say to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + that + clause

“I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me.

–> He told me that …………………………………...

D. Say + a statement –> said that + clause

“I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said.

–> He said that ………………………………………….

E. Statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer –> advise, ask, beg,
encourage, invite, order(ra lệnh), tell, warn, remind… + O + to V

“You’d better hurry”, he said.

–> He ……………………………………..

“Post the letter for me, will you?”he said.

–> He asked me …………………………….

“Make another try, please”, he said.

–> He ………………………………………….

“Don’t drive too fast”, he said.

–> He …………………………………………...

“Remember to close the door”, he said.

–> He ………………………………………..

“Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said.

–> He ………………………………………………….

F. Questions in indirect speech

– Thì, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chuyển như ở câu tường thuật.

– Yes-no questions –> asked/wanted (to know) if/whether

“Are you absent from your classes today?” he asked.

–> He asked/wanted to know if I were absent from my classes that day

……………………………………….

– Wh-questions –> asked/wanted (to know) + question word + clause. [Câu hỏi bắt đầu
who, whom, what, which,
where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi trên sẽ được giữ nguyên trong câu gián tiếp:]

“Where do you often meet your friends?” she said.

–> She asked where I often met my friends …………………………………………...

G. Questions with “shall I…”–> 4 loại sau:

• About future event (sự kiện trong tương lai)

“Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said.

–>She asked if they ………………………………………….

• Request for instruction or advice (Lời hướng dẫn hoặc lời khuyên)

“Shall I read it, mother?” he said.

–> He asked his mother ……………………………..

• Offer to do something

“Shall we bring you some new books?” she said.

–> She offered me if they brought me some new books

…………………………………………...

• Suggest to do something

“Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said.

–> He suggested that we should/would go to the cinema that night

………………………………………...

H. Questions with “Will you, would you, could you…?” (yêu cầu, đề nghị, mời)–>
offer, invite, order, ask, told. + to V

“ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said.

–> He asked/ invited me to come to his party the next day

……………………………………….

“Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said.

–> He told/asked me ……………………………………………..

“Would you like some cigarettes?” he said.

–> He offered me some cigarettes …………………………………………..

“Will you shut your mouth?” he said.

–> He ordered me to shut my mouth ………………………….

I. Let’s do…–> suggest + V-ing

(nếu bao gồm cả người nói thực hiện hành động)

Let’s do…–> suggest + that Subject should do…(có thể bao gồm hoặc không bao gồm
người nói thực
hiện hành động)

“Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said.

–> He suggested going to the cinema that night …………………………………....

–> He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night

J. Yes, let’s do…–> agree

No, let’s not do… –> be against the idea.

“Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother.

“Yes, let’s” said the son.

“No, let’s not” said the father.

–> The mother suggested eating out that night, the son agreed but the father
refused/denied…………………………………………

K. Must –> had to

“I must finish my work tomorrow”, he said.

–> He said that he ……………………………………………………..

“Must you go soon?” she said.

–> She asked if I had to go soon ………………………………..

L. Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp

• What + a + noun! /how + adj

–> said that + clause

–> gave an exclamation of delight (vui mừng, tán thưởng), disgust (kinh tởm), honor
(thành thật/nhân danh), surprise (ngạc nhiên), horror(kinh khủng)

“How beautiful the picture is”, he said.

–> He said that the picture was beautiful …………………………………

–> He gave an exclamation of delight.

“What a dirty kitchen!” she said.

–> She said that the kitchen was dirty ………………………………...

–> She gave an exclamation of horror…………………………………..

“How wonderful”, he said.

–> He said that it was wonderful …………………………….

–> He gave an exclamation of wonder(sự kỳ diệu )

……………………………………………..

N. “Yes/no” –> subject + trợ động từ

“Have you finished your homework?” he said

“Yes”, she said

–> He asked her if she had finished her homework and she said she
did………………………………………..

“Are you ready for the exam?” he said.

“No”, she said.

–> He asked if she was ready for the exam and she said she wasn’t
……………………………………………..

M. “Thank”–> subject + thanked

“Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?”, he said. “thank you, I’d love to” she
said.

–> He invited her to have dinner with him that night and she thanked and she said she
would love to …………………………………….

“Good luck”, he said –> he wished(chúc) me a luck …………………...

“Congratulation!”, he said –> he congratulated me ………………………...

———————–

Bài tập: Chuyển những câu sau sang gián tiếp.

1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.

2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.

3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.

4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.

5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.

6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.

7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said

8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.

9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.

10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.

11. “If I were you, I would learn English”, she said.

12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” he said.

13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” she said.

14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, he said.

15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” he said.

16. “What a clever boy!” she said.

17. “How ugly!” he said.

18. “Did you prepare your meal?” he said. “No” I said.

19. “Happy birthday”, he said.

20. “Take your seat”, he said. “thank”, I said.