Tenses

Lớp Toeic cô Hiền Nhung hiennhungtoeic.
vn Dạy học bằng cả trái tim
UNIT 1: TENSES 1
I. GRAMMAR
Thì/ Cấu trúc Cách sử dụng Dấu hiệu

Hiện tại đơn Diễn tả thói quen hay một hành động, sự Always, usually,
(+) S + Vo/ V(s/es) + việc thường xuyên diễn ra sometimes,
O Example occasionally,
(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + - He writes the financial statement rarely, never….
V+O monthly
(?) Do/does + S + V + - Every day I take the subway to
O? work
Wh- + do/does + Diễn tả 1 sự thật, chân lí luôn đúng
S+V? Example
- The Earth goes round the Sun
- I come from Vietnam
Diễn tả hành động, sự việc đã được lên
lịch trình cố định (ví dụ: lịch chiếu
phim, tàu, xe, máy bay)
Example
- My flight takes off at 6 p.m.
tomorrow
Hiện tại tiếp diễn Diễn tả 1 hoặc nhiều hành động diễn ra Now, at present,
(+) S + is/am/are + tại thời điểm nói hay xung quanh thời at the moment,
Ving + (O) điểm nói …..
(-) S + isn’t/am Example
not/aren’t + Ving + (O) - What are you doing? – I’m
(?) Is/am/are + S + studying English
Ving + (O) - The company is conducting a
Wh- + is/am/are + restructure this year
S+ Ving + (O)? Diễn tả 1 dự định sẽ thực hiện trong
tương lai gần
Example
- I’m going to the cinema tonight
Hiện tại hoàn thành Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu trong quá - Just, recently,
(+) S + has/have + PII khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại và có lately: gần đây,
+ (O) thể tiếp tục kéo dài đến tương lai. vừa mới
(-) S + hasn’t / haven’t Example
+ PII + (O) - I have worked in the financial - Since + mốc
(?) Has/have + S + PII service industry for 5 years. thời gian: kể từ
+ (O) Diễn tả 1 hành động hay sự việc xảy ra khi
Wh- + has/have + S + trong quá khứ nhưng để lại kết quả ở -For + khoảng
PII + (O)? hiện tại. Thời gian diễn ra hành động thời gian: trong
1
Lớp Toeic cô Hiền Nhung hiennhungtoeic.vn Dạy học bằng cả trái tim
hay sự việc này không được nhắc đến vòng bao lâu
trong câu.
Example - So far, until
- She has broke her leg so she can’t now, up to now,
play tennis now. up to the present
(cho đến nay)
- This is the first

time/second
time…
Hiện tại hoàn thành Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo - For + khoảng
tiếp diễn dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục kéo dài thời gian
(+) S+ has/have + been đến tương lai; thường được nhấn mạnh
+ Ving + (O) về THỜI GIAN/ Độ Dài hành động - Since + mốc
(-) S + hasn’t/haven’t Example thời gian
+been + Ving + (O) - She has been cooking for 6 hours.
(?) Has/have + S+ been - They have been living here since
+Ving + (O)? 1986.
What has/have + S +
been + Ving + (O)?
Quá khứ đơn Diễn tả 1 hành động đã bắt đầu và kết - Ago (two
(+) S+ Ved+ (O) thúc trong quá khứ, thường đi với một months ago, three
(-) S + didn’t + V+ (O) trạng từ chỉ thời gian cụ thể. weeks ago)
(?) Did + S+V+ (O) Example
Wh- + did + S + V - She quit her job two days ago - Trạng từ chỉ thời
+ (O) Diễn tả 1 chuỗi hành động diễn ra kế gian trong quá
tiếp nhau trong quá khứ. khứ
Example (Ex: in 1999)
- The manager took out the key,
opened the door and got into the - Yesterday
office building
- Last week/
month/ year
Quá khứ hoàn thành Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra và hoàn - Before/by the
(+) S + had+ PII+ (O) thành trước 1 hành động khác trong quá time + QK đơn,
(-) S + hadn’t + PII + khứ QK tiếp diễn
(O) Example
(?) Had + S + PII + (O) - Before they submitted the report, - After + QKHT,
Wh- + had + S + PII they had conducted very thorough QK đơn (After
(O) research on the issue she had finished
cooking, she set
the table)
2
II. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

EXERCISE 1
Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence
1. Every morning, I (am going/ go) to school at eight o’clock.
2. Mina (studies/ has studied) French for ten years.
4. He (finished/ finish) the work before I got there.
5. Shirley (had been waiting/ waited) for twenty minutes when he arrived.
6. While I was talking on the phone, she (was reading/ reads) magazines.
7. Jenny said she had already (return/ returned) the movie
8. I have not (saw/ seen) him since 1995.
9. I (am having/ have) three dogs.
10. The baby has (been crying/ cries) all day.
EXERCISE 2
Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. We should (pain, pay) this bill by next week.
2. We have (provide, provided) financial services since 2000.
3. The senior accountant is (ask, asking) for a higher salary.
4. No one can (predict, prediction) the stock market.
5. Our company will (attend, attendant) the 2014 International Symposium.
EXERCISE 3
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The train goes _____many tunnels.
A. though C. through
B, at D. yet
2. She _____yawns in English class
A. sometimes C. sometime
B. already D. though
3. We _____to London three times.
A. going C. have been
B. go D. have went
10. She _____on the phone since I came in.
A. has been talking C. talked
B. talks D. talking
11. They _____at two o’clock tomorrow.
A. arrived C. are arriving
B. have arrived D. have been arriving
3
12. I’ve _____the book already.

A. will read C. reading
B. read D. been read
13. He _____a lot of money with him.
A. is having C. have
B. has D. had had
14. They’ve _____all weekend.
a. study C. studies
B. been study D. been studying
- Câu hỏi ngữ pháp: Thấy có “’ve”  Thì
liên quan đến hoàn thành
15. She’s _____for the singer.
A. clap C. clapping
B. claps D. been claps
16. When I arrived at my aunt’s home, she _____her kitchen floor.
A. was sweeping C. had sweeping
B. sweep D. sweeps
17. His dog _____outside in the rain all day yesterday.
A. has been C. been
B. was been D. was
Câu hỏi ngữ pháp: Dấu hiệu nhận biết:
“yesterday (adv) ngày hôm qua” 
QKĐ 
18. I _____about the funny story before he told me.
A. have bread C. hear
B. had heard D. was hearing
19. Joseph told me he _____his project.
A. already finishes C. had already finished
B. finishing D. had been already finishing
20. It _____for two days when I arrived in town.
A. rained C. has been raining
B. rains D. had been raining
21. She _____to Canada on Saturday.
A. flying C. is flying
B. has flying D. has been flying
22. My teacher told us that the school _____in 1946.
A. was building C. has been built
B. was built D. is built
23. He sometimes _____money from his parents.
A. lend C. lends
B. borrows D. borrow
4
24. She always _____the expensive shoes.

A. try on C. trying on
B. tries on D. had tried on
25. Lynn _____her dog when I saw her in the park.
A. was walking C. have been walking
B. walked D. walking
26. I ____very angry yesterday, so I didn’t talk to him.
A. am C. have been
B. had been D. was
27. Yesterday, I met a friend, saw a movie, and _____home late.
A. coming C. came
B. have come D. had come
28. The robbers _____the money when the police arrived.

A. count C. are counting
B. counting D. were counting
EXERCISE 4
Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. She got a job after she.......................(graduated)
2. I had a cup of tea before I..............left..........(leave) for work.
3. The first time I ......went...........(go) to New York, I saw a ballet.
4. Whenever I...............see...........(see) her, I say hello.
5. We’re going to tidy after everyone.............goes.........(go).
6. As soon as the other passengers get on the bus, we...............will leave...........
(leave)
7. As soon as we........saw.........(see) the tornado, we ran to the basement of the town
hall.
8. Trevor tried to fix the shelves while Laura.........was................(be) out shopping.
9. David......................hasn’t been .........(not/be) able to work since
he.....broke.......................(break) his leg.
EXERCISE 5
1. Jim was cooking dinner in the kitchen while Jo _____the dog.
A. is feeding C. has been feeding
B. was feeding D. had been feeding
2. I _____dinner with James tomorrow.
A. am having C. have had
B. have been having D. had had
3. You can’t leave the table until you _____your dinner.
A. finished C. are going to finish
5
B. finish D. will finish

4. Dave _____in Manchester for several years before he decided to move to London.
A. will have worked C. had been working
B. has worked D. works
5. They _____Paris twice this month.
A. have gone in C. have been to
B. had gone to D. had been in
6. Harry was sunburnt because he _____on the beach for 6 hours.
A. had been sitting C. has been sitting
B. has sat D. is sitting
7. Mary is a good girl. She _____her mother with the housework.
A. is helping C. had always helped
B. always helps D. always helped
8. Pete _____as a waiter for ten years, then he opened his own restaurant.
A. works C. worked
B. has worked D. has been working
9. Sarah _____a bike to work, but now she drives.
A. used to ride C. had ridden
B. would ride D. used to riding
10. He’s a famous singer. He _____a lot of concerts so far.
A. is giving C. gives
B. has given D. had been giving
11. Before he knew what was happening, the car _____into a tree.
A. has crashed C. has been crashing
B. was crashing D. had crashed
12. While Paul _____the carpets, the doorbell rang.
A. hoover C. has been hoovering
B. was hoovering D. had hoovered
13. The rate of people changing occupations _____over the last two years.
A. increased C. have been increased
B. has increased-= D. have increased
PART 6
Question 1 to 2 refer to the following advertisement.
We are looking for a corporate trainer. Applicants should hold a master’s degree in
business or communications studies. Also, five years of experience is required. The
Business Training Program ______ the most popular of all the programs we have
offered over the past two years.
1. A. will be
B. Was
6
C. Had been
D. Has been
The qualified candidate ______ training program related to marketing strategies and
management starting next month.
2. A. conducts
B. conducted
C. will conduct
D. has conducted
If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Barry at 555-7800
Question 3 to 4 refer to the following email

From: Julia Banks, CrackEnglish Publising
To: Cathy Jones, Customer Service
Dear Ms. Jones,
Due to defects in the audio tapes we ordered from your company, we have received
numerous complaints from our customers. As we think that this problem could have
been ______ if you had
3. A. protected
B. solved
C. reported
D. prevented
not sent us faulty merchandise, we believe that your company should seriously ______
how we can
4. A. counsel
B. impact
C. consider
D. notify
Be compensated for the losses. We would like to hear from you as soon as possible.
7
UNIT 2: TENSES 2
I. GRAMMAR
Thì/ Cấu trúc Cách sử dụng Dấu hiệu
Tương lai đơn Diễn tả 1 quyết định được đưa ra tại - Tomorrow, next
(+) S + will + V + (O) thời điểm nói. week/ month/ year.
(-) S + will not/ won’t Example
+ V + (O) - It’s cold. I will shut the window. - Within the next
(?) Will + S + V + - The phone is ringing. I will three weeks
(O)? answer it
Wh- + will + S + V Diễn tả 1 đề nghị hay hứa hẹn - Until + future
+ (O)? Example time
- I will tell him about that, don’t
worry - In the upcoming
- I promise I will never be late year
again
Diễn tả 1 dự đoán - From now on
Example
- The company’s sales probably - Starting this year
will increase by 200% next year (bắt đầu từ năm
- Do you think this company will nay)
go bankrupt soon?
Tương lai hoàn Hành động xảy ra và hoàn tất trước - By, before, by the
thành một thời điểm hoặc một hành động time, when
(+) S + will have + khác trong tương lai
PII +(O) Example Before/by the time
(-) S + will not/ won’t - They will have built that house by + Hiện tai đơn,
+ have +PII + (O) July next year TLHT
(?) Will + S + have + - They will have finished the meal (Example: Before
PII + (O)? before you arrive she comes, all the
Wh- + will + S + employees will
have + PII +(O)? have finished the
lunch)
II. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
EXERCISE 1

1. By next year, I ______at this company for 10 years.
A. work C. will worked
8
B. will have work D. will have worked.

2. By the time we arrive home, she _____cooking.
A. will have finished C. will have been finishing
B. is going to finish D. will finish
3. Stephen won’t phone us until he _____some news.
A. had C. will have
B. is having D. has
4. Daniel _____on a business trip until next Friday.
A. is C. has been
B. will be D. would being
5. New programs _____installed on the computers after the furniture is moved to the new
office.
A. had been C. has been
B. would be D. will be
6. Mr. Snonhcez ______ his first job twenty – five years ago and he is a head of
accounting.
A. Starts C. Has started
B. Was starting D. Started
7. It is likely that the negotiators ______ supply order contracts by the end of next week.
A. Finish C. Will finish
B. Finished D. Have finished
8. The public relations division has a lot of applications that it ______ over the past 3
weeks.
A. Collected C. Had collect
B. Has collected D. Has collect
9. We ______ a number of changes in the way we do business since the new president
came in.
A. Saw C. Have seen
B. Had seen D. Will seen
10. Since Mr. Gig joined the company last October, sales ______ to our surprise.
A. Double C. have doubled
B. Doubled D. are doubling
11. The food company ______ an effective marketing campaign in the foreseeable
future.
A. Develop C. Developed
B. Develops D. Will develop
12. Mr. Baker ______ widely recognized over the last five years because of his popular
mystery novel.
A. Is C. has been
9
B. Was D. can be
13. The employee cafeteria_____ excellent meals at reasonable prices.
A. Serve C. Serving
B. Serves D. Server
14. To gain access to the company site, you must____ the password that was sent to you
by e-mail.
A. Entering C. Enters
B. Entered D. Enter
15. Several newspaper have_____ the decision to build a factory abroad in order to
reduce costs.
A. Criticize C. Critical
B. Criticized D. Criticizing
EXERCISE 2
Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. While Dad .............was watching...........(watch) TV last night. Mum..........was
reading ...........(read) the newspaper.
2. They’ll have stopped serving meals by the time we...........get...............(get) to the
restaurant.
3. When I .........finish.................(finish) all this work, I’ll go for a walk.
4. I .............have been......(be) late to work three times since my watch ...............was
broken...........(break)
5. Mohammad........had never heard.................(never/hear) about Halloween before he
came to the US.
6. The village...........will have.................(have) no electricity until a few generator is
installed.
7. By the time I ....left...........(leave) the room, I had turned off the lights.
8. Have a good time when you .........go............(go) to Paris next week.
9. While I .........was making.............(make) Sandy’s birthday card, I cut my finger.
10. By the time he comes, we ......will have already left...........................(already/leave)
11. When Sandra found the letter, someone.........had already opened.........(already/open)
it.
12. I will never speak to him again as long as I...........live.............(live)
13. By the time we got to the party, most of the other guests..........had gone................
(go).
14. You have to wait until the light.......changes...................(change) to green.
15. After the old man.......seemed..................(seem) unwell for some time, he died.
10
EXERCISE 3
1. She never _____mountains during the winter.
A. doesn’t climb C. not climbs
B. climbing D. climbs
23. There are _____workers picking cotton in the field.
A. not C. not never
B. no- Dấu hiệu nhận biết: “No + N” D no never
không có cái gì
4. He wandered _____far that he forgot his way home.
A. very C. really
B. such D. so
5. Without effort, you _____succeed in life.
A. will never C. won’t never
B. never will D. never won’t
6. Many people were killed when the ship _____in the harbor.
A. explored C. exploded
B. been explored D. been exploded
9. He seldom _____ball with his children in the park.
A. plays C. doesn’t play
B. no plays D. not plays
10. He _____walk to work; he drives.
A. no C. does no
B. not D. does not
11. We can’t afford _____a new car.
A. to buy C. buy
B. buying D. do not buy
12. _____of the squirrels are gathering nuts; those two are playing.
A. Never all C. Not all
B. All never D. All not
14. He has never given me a box _____chocolates.
A. about C. into
B. of D. in
EXERCISE 4
Sentence completion
1. We (establishment, established) a business partnership with another company.
2. The company (requires, requirement) three reference letters.
3. The director (introduction, introduced) the guest speaker to us.
4. The company (employed, employment) several workers for the construction.
11
5. The government (proposal, proposed) a new law to promote employment.

6. You (need, to need) a good grade to apply for a scholarship.
7. Mr. Park (knowing, knows) the conference schedule.
8. The lawyer (to charge, charges) high fees for his consulting services.
9. Our company (donates, donating) some money to the orphanage.
10. The two companies (agreeing, agreed) with the details of the contract.
Vocabulary
I. Match the verbs in the left column with their corresponding phrases in the right
column.
1. Quit a job e. From a business trip

2. Solve a problem f. A job (2 times)
3. Participate in a event g. An appointment
a. Make An appointment h. A problem
4. i. A taxi
b. Return From a business trip j. In an event
5. k. A form
c. Fill out/ in A form
6.
d. Pay for A taxi
7.
8. Apply for a job
9.
II.Fill the gaps with the verbs in the box to form correct collocations
Transfer contact announce promote
1. ………transfer…... some money 3. ……promote……… sales
2. ………contact……the office 4. ……announce………something
Repair recommend do complete
1. ……repair……… a car 3. ……do……… a business
2. ………complete…… a project 4. Highly ……recommend………
Vocabulary practice
1. These positions (require, requirement) extensive experience.
2. The company (to organize, should organize) a training program for staff.
3. Mr. Lee (purchased, purchasing) new office furniture.
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4. Dialogue (helpful, can help) people to resolve problems.

5. Candidates must be submitted their application (in, on, by) writing.
6. I hope you’re doing this just for the sake (of, in, about) the money.
7. All staff must carry their ID cards (by, at, with) all times.
8. Mr. Adams will be in (behalf, case, charge) of data analysis.
9. He reported the (problem, problematic) to the administrator.
10. We signed an (agree, agreement) with a foreign company.
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Lớp Toeic cô Hiền Nhung hiennhungtoeic.

vn Dạy học bằng cả trái tim

Thì/ Cấu trúc Cách sử dụng Dấu hiệu

- This is the first

II. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

12. I’ve _____the book already.

24. She always _____the expensive shoes.

28. The robbers _____the money when the police arrived.

B. finish D. will finish

Question 3 to 4 refer to the following email

Dear Ms. Jones,

II. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT

Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

B. will have work D. will have worked.

5. The government (proposal, proposed) a new law to promote employment.

1. Quit a job e. From a business trip

4. Dialogue (helpful, can help) people to resolve problems.

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