Determination Drip irrigation Wetted Area

Here is the procedure followed

1. Three emitters from net area laterals (lateral 2 and lateral 3) of each plot is selected. These
emitters are selected each from head, middle and end of the lateral.
2. The measurement of emitter spacing on these laterals was made and converted the value in
meters. The observed emitter spacing was 30cm for the whole system.
3. The water flow through the whole experiment was turned for one hour. After the one hour
time, switch off the water and measure the distance between the wetted areas on each side of
the emitter.
4. The observed wetted distances of each emitter was measured and added on both sides of
emitter to get the total wetted width of the emitter.
5. Then, the wetted area was estimated as in the following table

wetted Depth(m) Average

Drip E at E at E at Total wetted wetted Average wetted
Plot lateral Head middle End width(m) width(m) Area( G*0.30)m2)
L2 0.63 0.62 0.59 1.84 0.61 0.184
P1 L3 0.55 0.48 0.42 1.45 0.48 0.145
L2 0.63 0.68 0.61 1.92 0.64 0.192
P2 L3 0.71 0.68 0.65 2.04 0.68 0.204
R2P L2 0.58 0.53 0.51 1.62 0.54 0.162
2 L3 0.46 0.47 0.43 1.36 0.45 0.136
R2P L2 0.56 0.52 0.55 1.63 0.54 0.163
4 L3 0.61 0.64 0.66 1.91 0.64 0.191
R3P L2 0.57 0.55 0.58 1.7 0.57 0.17
1 L3 0.49 0.51 0.47 1.47 0.49 0.147
R3P L2 0.62 0.63 0.65 1.9 0.63 0.19
4 L3 0.55 0.58 0.54 1.67 0.56 0.167
Sum of Average Wetted Area(m2) 2.051
Average Wetted Area(m2) 0.34
Distribution test of drip emitter

Plot Collected Emitter Discharge(L/h) The Sum of Emitter The Lower quarter of
Number L2E1 L2E2 L3E3 L3E4 Discharge(L/h) emitter Discharge (L/h)
1 2.14 2.18 2.25 2.17 8.74 2.24
2 2.32 2.31 2.35 2.34 9.32 2.24
3 2.29 2.24 2.19 2.31 9.03 2.24
4 2.16 2.11 2.39 2.42 9.08 2.23
5 2.22 2.33 2.24 2.28 9.07 2.23
6 2.42 2.47 2.28 2.43 9.60 2.23
7 2.38 2.35 2.4 2.31 9.44 2.22
8 2.17 2.22 2.24 2.27 8.90 2.22
9 2.32 2.35 2.31 2.42 9.40 2.22
10 2.11 2.27 2.21 2.26 8.85 2.22
11 2.25 2.27 2.23 2.21 8.96 2.21
12 2.35 2.38 2.34 2.33 9.40 2.21
13 2.63 2.51 2.47 2.53 10.14 2.21
14 2.44 2.36 2.44 2.45 9.69 2.21
15 2.38 2.35 2.33 2.39 9.45 2.19
16 2.17 2.19 2.22 2.23 8.81 2.19
17 2.33 2.31 2.37 2.34 9.35 2.18
18 2.26 2.24 2.27 2.31 9.08 2.17
19 2.25 2.25 2.43 2.25 9.18 2.17
20 2.36 2.28 2.23 2.27 9.14 2.17
21 2.42 2.39 2.32 2.43 9.56 2.16
22 2.21 2.35 2.31 2.33 9.20 2.14
23 2.22 2.24 2.21 2.26 8.93 2.11
24 2.4 2.43 2.47 2.51 9.81 2.11
Total Sum 222.13 52.72
The average of collected discharge(l/h) 2.31 2.20
The coefficient of variation (CV) in drip irrigation is calculated to measure the variability or
uniformity of water distribution in an irrigation system. The formula for calculating CV in drip
irrigation is as follows:

CV (%) = (standard deviation / mean) x 100

Where,
Standard deviation = Measure of the dispersion of data points from the mean. It is generally
calculated from the flow rate measurements taken at different points along the length of drip
system.
Mean = Average flow rate of the drip system

Here is an example to understand the procedure of calculating the coefficient of variation in drip
irrigation:

Let's say, we have measured the water flow at different points in the drip irrigation system and
obtained the following data:

Point A B C D E
Flow rate (lph) 5 4 6 5 5

To find the standard deviation, we need to first calculate the mean value of the flow rates:
Mean = (5+4+6+5+5)/5 = 5 lph

Next, we calculate the variance of the flow rates:

Variance = Σ (flow rate - mean)² / n
= [(5-5)² + (4-5)² + (6-5)² + (5-5)² + (5-5)²] / 5
= 2/5 l²/h²

Finally, we find the square root of the variance to obtain the standard deviation:
Standard deviation = √(2/5) l/h ≈ 0.632 l/h

Now, we can substitute the values in the formula to find the coefficient of variation:
CV = (0.632/5) x 100 ≈ 12.64%

Therefore, the coefficient of variation in this example is 12.64%, which indicates a moderate to
good uniformity of water distribution in the drip irrigation system.

Note: The units of the flow rate should be converted to SI unit (l/h) before the calculation.

DU Qlqa

Appendix Table 4, Estimation of Variance and Standard deviation of emitter in drip irrigation
  
L2E2(l/ L3E3(l/ L3E4(l/
L2E1(l/h ∑ (q−m) h)
 ∑ (q−m)
h)
∑ (q−m) h)
 ∑ (9−m)
P ) 2 2
  2 2
 
1 0.62 0.0001 0.57 0.0001 0.61 0.0001 0.58 0.0001
2 0.64 0.0009 0.61 0.0009 0.57 0.0009 0.56 0.0009
3 0.58 0.0004 0.59 0.0004 0.58 0.0004 0.57 0.0004
4 0.63 0.0004 0.56 0.0004 0.56 0.0004 0.57 0.0004
5 0.63 0.0016 0.57 0.0016 0.59 0.0016 0.55 0.0016
6 0.6 0.0009 0.58 0.0009 0.62 0.0009 0.62 0.0009
7 0.63 0.0004 0.57 0.0004 0.61 0.0004 0.61 0.0004
8 0.57 0.0001 0.59 0.0001 0.63 0.0001 0.58 0.0001
9 0.62 0.0004 0.56 0.0004 0.57 0.0004 0.57 0.0004
1
0 0.6 0.0001 0.62 0.0001 0.58 0.0001 0.58 0.0001
1
1 0.62 0.0016 0.61 0.0016 0.6 0.0016 0.55 0.0016
1
2 0.59 0.0009 0.56 0.0009 0.56 0.0009 0.56 0.0009
1
3 0.61 0.0004 0.58 0.0004 0.58 0.0004 0.57 0.0004
1
4 0.63 0.0004 0.56 0.0004 0.59 0.0004 0.61 0.0004
1
5 0.61 0.0001 0.55 0.0001 0.59 0.0001 0.6 0.0001
1
6 0.6 0.0001 0.63 0.0001 0.57 0.0001 0.58 0.0001
1
7 0.59 0 0.55 0 0.56 0 0.59 0
1
8 0.52 0.0016 0.62 0.0016 0.58 0.0016 0.63 0.0016
1
9 0.59 0.0004 0.55 0.0004 0.62 0.0004 0.61 0.0004
2
0 0.55 0.0009 0.6 0.0009 0.63 0.0009 0.62 0.0009
2
1 0.58 0 0.58 0 0.61 0 0.59 0
2
2 0.58 0.0004 0.56 0.0004 0.6 0.0004 0.57 0.0004
2
3 0.61 0.0009 0.57 0.0009 0.63 0.0009 0.56 0.0009
2
4 0.58 0.0016 0.54 0.0016 0.59 0.0016 0.55 0.0016
Sum 0.0146   0.0146   0.0146   0.0146
 ( (0.62−0.59)+(0.58−0.59)+(…)+(0.55−0.59) ) 2
V=∑ =¿ ¿ 6.08 l2/h2 and S =√ 6.08 l2/h r 2
96
= 0.025 l/h
Where, L2 E1 is emitter one on lateral two, L 2 E2 is emitter two on lateral two, L 3 E3 is emitter three on
lateral three, L3 E4 is emitter four on lateral three, q is collected emitter flow rate(l/hr), m is over all
mean, V is variance(l2/hr2) and S is Standard Deviation(l/hr)

The coefficient variation is a measure of the variability of the drip emitters. To measure the variability of
water distribution in the experiment site, the coefficient variation for drip emitters were estimated using
equation 3.11 and the data in appendix table.