Indigenous

Indigenous
Literally means”originating in particular place”. This term has been adopted
by the UN, and is the international standard when referring to people's who
occupied land before land before the arrival of colonizers.In Canada, this is
an umbrella term that includes First Nations, Inuit and Métis people.
Aboriginal
This term similar to the meaning of indigenous and is becoming
outdated.Many people today prefer the term “Indigenous”. However,
because “aboriginal” was used in Canada’s constitution Act of 1982 you
will likely encounter this term for many years to come.
First Nations
First Nations is a term used to describe Aboriginal peoples in Canada
who are not Métis or Inuit.
this term was also used to replace the term “Indian Band”. The term
Indian Band is now considered offensive
Metis
Metis people are mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, and one of the three
recognized Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. The use of the term Metis is complex
contentious, and has a different historical and temporary meanings .
This term is used to describe communities of mixed European and Indigenous descent across Canada, and specific
community of people defined as the Metis Nation.
Inuit

Inuit - Inuktitut for “ the people” are an Indigenous people, the majority if whim inhabit the
northern regions of Canada. An inuit person is known as Inuk. The Inuit homeland is known
as Inuit Nunangat, which refers to the land, water and ice contained in the Arctic region. The
term Inuit may also be used to refer to land occupied by the Inuit in Alaska and Greenland.
 Residential Schools

- Residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools that were

established to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.
- From 1884 to 1951, all Indigenous children were forced to attend residential
schools
- Approximately 150000 children were forced to attend residential schools
- Taught the children how to be apart of the white society
- The goal was to abandon their language and culture
- Kids were physically, sexually, and emotionally abused in residential schools
- Intend to have Indigenous children live far from their reserve and community
Indigenous Issues

- Broad range of Indigenous cultures due to geographical diversity

- Putting children to residential schools
- Forced to live according to Canada’s laws
- Pushed onto reserves which are land for First Nations people and are managed by
government agents
- Size of reserves was reduced from previous territories
Indigenous Issues #2

- Between 1864 and 1867, the main goal of the Canadian government was to
assimilate Indigenous people into mainstream Canadian society
- Indian Act, 1876 encouraged Indigenous Peoples to give up their cultures
- Benefits of the Indian Act: indigenous people were provided with schools, medical
care, hunting and fishing rights, annual treaty payments, exempted from paying
certain taxes
- Disadvantages: denied rights to take up land and vote in elections
 Indigenous Feminism

- Before European colonization of Canada, Indigenous women and men had equal
work and power
- Neither gender was considered inferior
- Indigenous women lost much power in their community
- Violence against Indigenous women was not treated as seriously as Canadian
women
- Indigenous feminism focus on cultural discrimination
 Indigenous Rights

- Indigenous gained the right to vote in 1960

- The Constitution of 1982 granted the Indigenous people the rights to control land
that was previously inhabited by Indigenous peoples, to protect their beliefs and
cultures and to have self-government
- In the 1990s, Indigenous people took over the Department of Indian Affairs and
Northern Development in Manitoba
Indigenous Rights #2

- Nisga’a people of British Columbia signed a treaty with the provincial and the
federal government in 1998. The Nisga’a was given land of 1992 square kilometres,
$190 million, fishing/hunting rights, and self-government pertaining to issues of
culture, language, and family life.
- Nunavut was created and the Indigenous peoples were given the rights to
self-government over natural resources, education, and justice systems
Reference

“Aboriginal Rights.” Indigenousfoundations, indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/aboriginal_rights/.

“A History of Residential Schools in Canada | CBC News.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 21 Mar. 2016,
www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280.

“Indigenous Feminisms in Canada.” The Canadian Encyclopedia,

www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-feminisms-in-canada.

“Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.” The Canadian Encyclopedia,

www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-rights.

“What Is Indigenous Feminism? | CBC News.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 1 Dec. 2017,
www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/indigenous-feminism-facebook-live-panel-1.4428484.

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/first-nati
ons