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/fi6« / hg3ftL sfo{sf] la/f]w ug{' k|ltkIfL bn / g]tfsf] sfd / st{Ao ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]eGbf $) k|ltzt
xf] . of]af6 lad'v x'g' eg]sf] cGttM cfˆg} bn / cfˆgf] JolQmut a9L ef8f ofq';Fu c;'N5g\ . otf,
/fhgLlt ;dfKt kfg{' xf] . o; ljifodf k|dv ' k|ltkIfnufot ;Qf Ho] i 7 gful/s, ljBfyL{ , ckf+ u
cflbnfO{ nfdf] /f]8df rNg] jf 5f]6f]
aflx/ /x]sf tdfd bn / g]tf ;r]t x'g] k5{ eg] ;/sf/n] klg of] jf Tof] /f]8df rNg] uf8Ln] ef8f 5'6 lbFbg} .
axfgfdf bf]ifLnfO{ 5"6 lbg] sfo{ ug'{ x'bF g} . clxn] nf] s n uf8Ldf cfwf
olta]nf ;/sf/n] gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ k|s/0f, nlntf lgjf; lsnf]ld6/ ofqf u/]df @% ?k}ofF
k|s/0f, Ps ;o lsnf] ;'g a/fdb k|s/0fnufot e|i6frf/ / ltg'k{ 5{ . 6\ofS;L klg ld6/df ofq'
af]Sb}g, glhs hfg dfGb}g . Ps
clgoldttf la?4 5fgljg u/L sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] sf]l;; lsnf]ld6/ ofqf ubf{ # ;o ?k}ofF
ul//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] pQm sfo{nfO{ afwf kg]{ u/L of] jf Tof] 9+un] lnOG5 . Ps jif{sf] aLrdf g]kfn
x'g] s'g} klg xs{t g]kfnL hgtfsf] nflu sbflk dfGo x'g] 5}g . cfon lgudn] k6s k6s k]6f« n ] /
t;y{, ;/sf/n] ;/sf/n] gSsnL e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ k|s/0f, nlntf l8h]nsf] d"No a9fO;s]sf] 5 . clxn]
k]6f« n
] / l8h]ndf :jrflnt d"No nfu"
lgjf; k|s/0f, Ps ;o lsnf] ;'g a/fdb k|s/0fnufot e|i6frf/ / x'g] ;d]t elgPsf] 5 . t/, oftfoft
clgoldttf la?4 rfn]sf] sbdnfO{ cfd/fhgLlts bn, g]tf / Joj;foLx?n] clxn] klg ofq';Fu
cfd:jfledfgL hgtfn] ;fy / ;xof]u ug{s ' f] lasNk 5}g . cGoyf k'/fg} ef8f lnO/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?
b]z / hgtfsf] elaio cGwsf/ x'g] lglZrt 5 eg] b]z / hgtfnfO{ ;/sf/n] ef8f a9fpFbf Tof]eGbf
bf]Aa/ a9fpF5g\ t/ 36fpFbf Tof] ef8f
cGwsf/df ws]Ng] /fhgLlts bn / g]tf klg v/fgL aGg] lglZrt nfu" ub} { g g\ . h] – h;f] u/] lg
5, r]tgf eof . Joj;foLx?nfO{ hgtf 7Ug kfP k'U5 .
clxn] ;/sf/n] Ps lsnf]ld6/af6
g]skfåf/f ljleGg k|hfltsf kmnk"mn % lsnf]ld6/;Dd @) ?k}ofF tf]s]sf]
5 . t/, ofq'x? cfwf ldnf]ld6/ ofqf
s/f]8 ?k}ofF ltl//x]sf 5g\ . otf,
%) ?k}ofF x6fP/ z"Goaf6 rnfpF5'
/ k|To]s lsnf]ld6/ @) ?k}ofFdf
rnfpF5' eGbf klg ;/sf/ gofF
6\ofS;Lsf] btf{ vf]Nb}g . xl/of] Kn]6,
sfnf] Kn]6, 9'jfgL uf8L / ld6/ h8fg
6\ofDkf]df $% jif{bl] v l;l08s]6 5 .
ljut $% jif{b]lv oL uf8Lsf] btf{
v'n]sf] 5 . oftfoft Joj;fox?n]
;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]eGbf a9L
?iff yfkf
ef8f lnP/ Ps lbgdf
cfd;j{;fwf/0faf6 !* s/f]8eGbf
a9L n'6\5g\ . Joj;foLx? ofq';Fu
k} ; f lnG5g\ t/ l6s6 lbF b } g .
clw+sfznfO{ clxn] klg ;/sf/n]
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
ef8fb/ yfxf 5}g . oftfoft Joj:yf
ljefun] 7fpF7fpFdf ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] ef8fb/ hgtfn] b]Vg] u/L
g/fVbf klg hgtf 7luG5g\ . @)$(
;fndf ;'?df ofq' uP/ 6\ofS;Ldf
a:bf # ?k}ofF cfpFGYof] / k|To]s
lsnf]ld6/ & ?k}ofF lyof] . @)$(
;fndf % ?k}ofF lng] ToxLF af6f]df
nf]sn uf8Ln] clxn] %) ?k}ofF lnG5 .
o;}u/L, Tolta]nf ;o ?k}ofF lng]
nfdf] /f]8sf] uf8Ln] clxn] ToxLF
af6f]df % ;o ?k}ofF lnG5 . 9'jfgL
uf8Lx?n] eg] To;a]nf % xhf/ lng]
af6f]df clxn] %) xhf/ lnG5g\ .
@)$( ;fneGbf k5fl8 ;/sf/ jf
oftfoft Joj;foLn] hgtf;Fu lng]
ef8f k6s–k6s a9fP . t/,
;/sf/n] oftfoft Joj;foL;Fu
lng'kg]{ kGw|j6f lrhsf] /fh:j #@
jif{ b ] l v a9] s f] 5} g . hfF r kf;,
/f] 8 kld{ 6 , lana' s gjLs/0f,
gfd;f/L, k~hLs/0f, xl/of] l:6s/
k|bi" f0f hfFrkf;, c~rnLs/0f, k6s],
u}/lhDd]jf/Lsf sf/0f b'3{6gf eP/
d/]df d[tssf kl/jf/ jf cfkmGtn]
kfpg'kg]{ s[of vr{ / Ifltk"lt{ klg
a9]sf] 5}g . Joj;foLx?sf] Pp6f
uf8Ldf % nfvb]lv *) nfv;Dd
nufgL x'G5 . Pp6} uf8Ln] lbgx'F %
xhf/b]lv %) xhf/ cfDbfgL u5{g\ .
t/, nufgL / cfDbfgL b'j}sf] /fh:j
/fHonfO{ ltb}{gg\ . ;/sf/n] @)&^
Ho]i7 !* ut] 3/]n' tyf sDkgLdf
btf{ gePsf tyf k~hLs/0f gu/]sf
;jf/L;fwgsf] /f]8kld{6 / btf{ vf/]h
ul/lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . To;df
klg Pp6f ;jf/L;fwg ePsf] 3/]n'
/ b'Oe { Gbf a9L ;jf/L;fwg ePsf
sDkgLdf uO{ btf{ eO{ k~hLs/0f u/L
rnfpg'kg]{ elgPsf] lyof] .
;/sf/n] k'/fgf] P]g, sfg"g ;+;f]wg
gubf{ jf gofF P]g, sfg"g gagfpFbf
clxn] Ps jif{ 3/]n' tyf sDkgLdf
btf{ ePkl5 kfFr jif{;Dd gjLs/0f
ug'{kb}{g . o;n] /fHosf] 9's'6Ldf
cfpg'kg]{ caf}{+ /fh:j u'd]sf] 5 .
To;} n ] , ca ;/sf/n] jif] { l kR5]
gjLs/0f ug'k{ g]{ Joj:yf ug'k{ 5{ . Ps
k6s k~hLs/0f u/]kl5 kfFr jif{;Dd
To;sf] klg gjLs/0f ug'k{ b}g{ . To;}n,]
k~hLs/0f klg jif]{lkR5] gjLs/0f
ug'{kg]{ eg]/ ;/sf/n] P]g, sfg"g
lgdf{ 0 f ug' { k 5{ . clxn] af6f] d f
u' l 8/x] s f clwsf+ z ;fj{ h lgs
;jf/L;fwg JolSt tyf a}s + tyf
ljlQo ;+:yfsf] gfddf btf{ 5 . t/,
6f7faf7f Joj;foLx?n] cfkm\gf] gfddf
sDkgL vf]n]/ tL ;jf/LwgLnfO{
sDkgLsf] ;b:o agfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .
To;df klg ;jf/LwgLnfO{ ;b:o
agfPafkt % xhf/b]lv %) xhf/
?k}ofF ;'?d} lnOG5 . n]aL lbgsf] ^
b]lv !% ;o b}lgs p7fpF5g\ .
;fj{hlgs oftfoft s]lGb|o dxf;+3
g]kfn / g]kfn oftfoft Joj;fo
/fli6« o dxf;+ 3 n] sDkgLx?nfO{
dxf;+3sf] ;b:otf lbFbf ;'?d} !)
xhf/b]lv nfv ?k}ofF;Dd lnG5g\ .
/, dlxg} l kR5] ^ xhf/b] l v @)
xhf/;Dd n]aL lnG5g\ . oL b'j}
dxf;+3n] dxf;+3sf] gfddf n'6tGq
dRrfO/x] s f 5g\ . clxn] klg
d'n'se/sf] af6f] log} dxf;+3sf]
sAhfdf 5 . To;}n], ca ;/sf/n]
h;sf] gfddf ;jf/L;fwg btf{ ePsf]
ePsf] uf8LwgLn] cfk\mg} gfddf
sDkgL vf]Ng'kg]{ cGoyf /f]8kld{6,
hfFrkf;nufot /fHoaf6 pknAw x'g]
;]jf;'ljwf s6f}tL ul/lbg] eg]/ lg0f{o
u/]df oxfF /fHosf] 9's6' Ldf /fh:jsf]
cf]O/f] nfU5 .
@)&% a} z fv $ ut] s f]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] oftfoft If]qdf
l;l08s]6 ePsf] eGb} ;+:yfut P]g,
@)#$ cGtu{t l;l8of] sfof{nodf
btf{ ePsf] oftfoft ;ldlt /
;+:yfut P]g, @)!* cGtu{t btf{
ePsf] g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL
/fli6«o dxf;+3 vf/]h u/L sDkgLdf
n}hfg] lg0f{o u¥of] . d'n'se/ #)&
j6f oftfoft ;ldlt lyof] . To;sf]
dxf;+3 g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL
/fli6«o dxf;+3 lyof] . b]ze } /sf] af6f]
logLx?sf] sAhfdf lyof] . gofF uf8L
xfNg] wgL;Fu @ nfvb]lv !% nfv
?k} o ˜fF ; Dd lnOGYof] . hgtfn]
cfkm\gf] sdfOvfg] hUuf ;/sf/nfO{
af6f] agfpg lbPsf lyP . ToxL
hUufdf ;/sf/n] hgtfn] lt/]sf]
s/af6 lkr u¥of] . t/, kmfObf
Joj;foLx?nfO{ eof] . ToxLF /f]8df
uf8L rnfpg ;/sf/n] % ;o ?k}ofF
lnP/ /f] 8 kld{ 6 lbOGYof] . t/,
Joj;foLx? oqf] k};f lnGy] .
sfg"gdf ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;+:yf
vf/] h ubf{ To;sf] rn, crn
;DklQ /fHosf] gfddf x'g] pNn]v
eP klg oftfoft ;ldlt / g]kfn
oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3
vf/]h ubf{ To;sf] gfddf ePsf] ;a}
;DklQ ;/sf/n] km'Ssf ul/lbof] .
g] k fn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o
dxf;+3df klxnf ;lrj ePsf 8f]ngfy
vgfn kl5 cWoIf;d]t eP/ hgtf /
/fi6« 7u] . oltn] klg gk'u/] clxn] pgL
;fj{hlgs oftfoft s]lGb|o dxf;+3sf]
cWoIf ag]sf 5g\ . o;/L Pp6f 7fpFdf
n'6g\ ;d]t n'6/] cfPsf JolSt csf{
7fpFdf klg n'6g\ k'us ] f 5g\ .
@)#) ;fnb]lv @)*) ;fn;Dd
oftfoft If]qdf Pp6} Joj;foLsf]
/huh 5 . %) jif{ Pp6} Joj;foLn]
Joj;fo ul/;s] . cem} @) jif{ k'/fgf]
uf8Lsf] :qmfOe u/]sf] gDa/df gofF
uf8L lsg]/ btf{ u/L csf]{ @) jif{
rnfpF5g\ . o;/L oftfoft If]qdf
Pp6} JolStsf] dfq} /fh rn]sf] 5 .

tyf af]6 lj?jf /f]Kg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
klZrd u08s Ao'/f] / sf:sL lhNnf
;ldltsf] ;+o'Qm ;xsfo{df z'qmaf/
?kf ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ )^ l:yt
;u|jf; eGg] If]qdf gf} k|hfltsf sl/a
#%) cf]6feGbf a9L kmnk"mn tyf
af]6lj?jfx? /f]Kg] sfo{qmd ;DkGg
;+u7gsf g]tf–sfo{stf{x? s[lifdf ;lqmo
5g\ . kf6L{n] NofPsf] gLltcg';f/
cfTdlge{/ kf6L{, cfTdlge{/ g]tf–
sfo{stf{ tyf cfTdlge{/ b]zsf]
p2]Zo;lxt Ps ;o lj3feGbf a9Ldf
wfgv]tL u/]sf] lyof] . kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo
of]hgf d'tflas pQm l;4fGt, ljrf/ /
ubf{ @% ?k}ofF ltg{ afWo 5g\ . To;}n,]
;/sf/n] of] klg efua08 ug'{k5{ .
cfwf lsnf] l d6/b] l v Ps
lsnf]ld6/;Ddsf] ef8f ;dfof]hg
ug' { k 5{ . 6\ o fS;Ldf uP/ ofq'
r9\gl] alQs} %) ?k}ofF ltg'k{ 5{ . ha
ls 6\ofS;Lsf] k]6«f]n jf l8h]n s]xL
klg vr{ g} x'Gg .
clxn] hgtfn] lbgx'F 6\ofS;L
uf8Lsf] /ª kl/jt{g ubf{, ;/sf/n]
tf]ss ] f]eGbf a9L ef8f lnFbf sf/afxL
ubf{ lng'kg]{, aL; jif]{ uf8L :qmfOe
ubf{ lng'kg],{ 6\ofS;Lsf] ld6/ h8fg
ubf{ tyf gjLs/0f ubf{ lng'kg]{,
h]af| q] m;df uf8L g/f]Sbf tyf b'36{ gf
x'Fbf sf/afxL u/L lng'kg]{nufotdf
/fh:j a9]sf] 5 .
otf, uf8Ldf r9] s f ofq'
5, To;s} gfddf sDkgL klg vf]Ng'kg]{
Joj:yf ug'k{ 5{ . ;fy}, cGo sDkgLsf]
;b:otf lng gkfpg] Joj:yf
Nofpg'k5{ . clxn] sDkgL vf]n]/,
n]6/Kof8 jf 5fk a]r]/ oftfoft
Joj;foL / /fHo b'j}nfO{ 6f7faf7f
Joj;foLn] 7u]sf 5g\ . uf8LwgL
cfkm}n+F ] sDkgL vf]nd ] f p;nfO{ klg
kmfObf x'G5 / /fHonfO{ klg /fh:j
o;n] g gofF Joj;foL ylkg kfPsf
5g\ g ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;+Vof
a9]sf] 5 . To;}n,] ca ;/sf/n] @)
jif{ k'us] f ;jf/L;fwgsf] :qmfOe u/]sf]
gDa/ Kn]6df gofF uf8L lsg]/ btf{ ug{
lbg'xG' g . l;l08s]6 sfuhdf dfq geO{
Jojxf/df klg x6fpg'k5{ . ;fy},
6\ofS;L, 9'jfgL uf8L / 6\ofDkf]nufotsf]
gofF btf{ klg vf]Ng'k5{ .

qmflGtsf/L 6«8] o'lgog dxf;+3åf/f 8]9 la3f hldgdf wfg /f]kfO“

ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL If]qdf sl/a Ps
xKtf klxnfb]lv ;/;kmfO{ tyf emf/
sf6\g] sfd ul/Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . pQm
sfof{nfO{ :ylut ub}{ sl/a %% lj3f
hldgdf cfF k , ;' G tnf, cDaf,
bfuaQL, lnrL, 8«fugkm'8, Pjf]sf8f],
DofU8«fg] n, d]jf ul/ ( k|hfltsf #%)
j6f la?jfx? nufOPsf] xf] . pQm
kmnk"mn tyf af]6la?jfx? a]kQf
of]4f ;f]daxfb'/ lassf dftflktf
dgaxfb'/ as / cf]ds'df/L las,
To;}u/L kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo kf]ln6Ao'/f]
;b:o tyf klZrd u08s Ao'/f]
OGrfh{ /fhg ;L, lhNnf OGrfh{ pef/
;L, s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglw ;b:o ;f]ddfof
;L, lhNnf ;]qm]6/L sfhL ;L, kj{t
lhNnf OGrfh{ ls/g ;Lsf] laz]if
pkl:tly / lhNnfsf g]tf–sfo{stf{
u/L tLg bh{g a9Lsf] pkl:yltdf
kmnk"mn tyf af]6lj?jf /f]lkPsf] xf] .
b]ze/ pTkfbgsf nflu c;f/ !%
b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]
;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ sfo{stf{nfO{ kf6L{sf] sfddf
ljbf g} lbPsf] lyof] . c;f/ !% otf
dxf;lrj ljKnj;lxt ;Dk"0f{ hgjuL{o
p2]ZonfO{ ;dfTb} g]skf sf:sL c;f/
!% b]lv lg/Gt/ pTkfbo:gdf hf]l8Psf]
lhNnf ;]qm]6/L sfhL ;Ln] atfP .
g] s kfn] b] z } e / pTkfbgsf]
sfo{qmdnfO{ cufl8 a9fP;Fu} g]kfnL
hgtfdf pT;fx, pdË / t/+u k}bf
u/]sf] 5, of] Pp6f ;r]t ?kaf6
;~rfng ePsf] /fhgLlts cleofg
xf] . /, o;n] ubf{ kf6L{ dfly lqmof–
k|ltlqmof cfO/x]sf] kfOG5 . /, klg
o;n] b]z tyf lab]zdf 5l/P/ /x]sf
g]kfnL cfdfa'af bfh'efOx?nfO{
cfGbf]ng, pTkfbg / qmflGt ;Fu;Fu}
a9fpg'k5{ eGg] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z
lbPsf] / /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf nflu
pTkfbgnfO{ ;dfhjfb;Fu hf]8]/
cufl8 a9\ g ] l;nl;nfdf kf6L{
lg/Gt/ vl6/x]sf] ;d]t Ao'/L OGrfh{
/fhg ;Ln] atfPsf 5g\ .
g] s kf klZrd u08s Ao" / f]
;ldlt / sf:sL lhNnf ;ldltsf]
;+oQ' m ;xsfo{df kf]v/fsf] kfd] If]qdf
c;f/ !% ut] sl/j @) la3f
hldgdf /f]kfOF ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] .
– z]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{
sf7df8f} F . g] k fn sDo' l g:6
kf6L{lgs6 clvn g]kfn qmflGtsf/L 6«8]
o'lgog dxf;+3n] wfg /f]kfOF ;'? u/]sf]
5 . a'waf/ ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f
bfªsf] t' n ;Lk' / –!^ /fjtufp
zflGt6f]nl:yt sl/j 8]9 la3f If]qkmnsf]
hldg ef8fdf lnO wfg /f]kfOF ;'? ul/Psf]
xf] . wfg /f]kfOFsf] pb\3f6g g]skfsf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{
;ljg ;L, kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf
klZrd bfªsf OGrfh{ k|lbk ;L, ;+u7gsf
s]Gb|Lo cWoIf Zofd ;L, g]skfsf s]Gb|Lo
k|ltlglw ;ldltsf ;b:oåo ljsfz ;L
/ lgd{n ;L, ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
l8NnL ;Lnufotsf g]tf–sfo{stf{n] u/]sf
x'g\ . wfg /f]kfOFsf] pb\3f6gsf qmddf
af]Nb} kf6L{sf /fKtL Ao'/f] OGrfh{ ;ljg
;Ln] kf6L{sf] pTkfbg of]hgfnfO{ of]hgfa4
9+un] kqm]sf]kl| t wGojfb JoQm u/]sf
lyP . pgn] eg]– …kf6L{sf] cfTdlge{/
pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ bx|f; ] uF dhb'/
;+u7gn] kqm]sf] 5 To;}n] ;+u7gnfO{
laz]if wGojfb lbG5f}+ . xfdL ld;g
pTkfbg cleofgdf 5f}F . pTkfbgdfkm{t\
kf6L{nfO{ cfTdlge{/, g]tf–sfo{stf{nfO{
cfTdlge{/ / ;du| b]z / hgtfnfO{
cfTdlge{/ agfpg] of] dxfg\ p2]Zo
3lge"t 9+un] cufl8 a9]sf] 5 / of]
lg/Gt/tfdf hfg]5 .
g]tf ;ljgn] lgs6 eljiod} g]skfsf]
g]tT[ jdf kf6L{, g]tf–sfo{stf{ / hgtf
cfTdlge{/ x'g] klg ljZjf; JoQm u/]sf x'g\ .
o:t} wfg /f]kfOF pb\3f6gsf] qmddf
;~rf/sdL{;uF ;+lIfKt k|ltlqmof lbFb}
;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf Zofd ;Ln]
lak|i] f0fdf cfwfl/t g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu / pTkfbgdfkm{t\
b]znfO{ ;d[4 agfpg ;lsG5 eg] ;Gb]z
k|jfxsf nflu klg ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo
;ldtL k|ToIf pTkfbg sfo{df hf]l8Psf]
atfP . g]tf Zofd ;Ln] eg]– …/]ld6]G;df
rln/x]sf] cy{tGqn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{
k/lge{/ agfPsf] 5 . xfdLn] k/lge{/
cy{tGqnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zo;lxt
wfg /f]kfOF ;'? u/]sf 5f}F . xfdL xfd|}
kfnfdf cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf;
u/L b]znfO{ ;d[4 kfg{ rfxG5f}F . g]kfndf
bnfn k'h
F LjfbL ;+;bLo ;Qfsf] ljsNkdf
xfdL j}1flgs ;dfhjfb k|flKtsf] lbzfdf
5f}F . clxn] xfdL /fhgLlts Joj:yf
abNg lxF8s ] f 5f}F . ;fy;fy} xfdLn]
;dfhjfbsf] clgjfo{ zt{ pTkfbgnfO{
klg 5f]8s ] f 5}gf}+ . of] lg/Gt/ cufl8
a9\g5 ] . cfufdL jif{ of]eGbf ;of}+ u'0ff
a9fP/ pTkfbg sfo{-nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{
hfg] ;f]rs ] f 5f}F .Ú
o:t} wfg /f]kfOF pb\3f6gdf ;+lIfKt
k|ltlqmof lbFb} ;+u7gsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf
l8NnL ;Ln] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, ;+u7g, hgtf
sf]xL klg >daf6 s6\g' x'bF g} eGg] ;Gb]z
pTkfbgaf6 lbg vf]hs ] f] atfP .
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfndf a9\b} uPsf] lrlgof“ rf;f]sf sf/0fx?
g]kfndf l5d]sL d'n's rLgsf]
rf;f] a9\b} uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;}
qmddf ut;ftf lrlgofF sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o o'cfg Rof
Ro'g g]tT[ jsf] k|ltlglwd08n g]kfnsf]
tLg lbg] e|d0fsf nflu oxfF cfPsf]
lyof] . ;f] k|ltlglwd08nn] g]kfnsf
ljleGg kf6L{ s f g] t fx?sf ;fy}
/fi6«klt, /IffdGqL / u[xdGqL, g]sf+sf
8f= s]zj b]jsf]6f
xfn} cfPsf]
k|ltlglwd08nn] /fi6«klt
l;sf] @)&^ sf] e|d0fsf
qmddf ePsf ;xdltsf]
sfof{Gjogdf laz]if hf]8
lbPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
rLgn] p7fPsf] ;'/Iff
rf;f]nfO{ g]kfnn] ;Daf]wg ug}k{ g]{ cj:yf 5 .
rLgsf nflu g]kfndf h'g;'s} kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ eP
klg vf;} km/s kg]{ u/]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
rLg ljz'4 cfkm\gf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff, ljsf; / ;f]xL
9+usf] cfkm\gf] ljZj Joj:yf lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] g]kfnn] klg l5d]sLsf]
rfxgfsf] ;Daf]wg ug's { f ;fy} ;xsfo{df hf]8 lbg'
cfhsf] cfaZostf ePsf] 5 .
;efklt / Pdfn]sf cWoIfnufot;Fu
e] 6 u/] s f] lyof] . ;f] k| l tlglw
d08nnn] Tolta]nf O6nL e|d0fdf
/xg' e Psf k| w fgdGqL k' i ksdn
bfxfn;Fu ;d]t g]kfnaf6} er'{cn
;Djfb u¥of] . lrlgofF k|ltlglw
d08nsf] rf;f] d'Vot ;'/Iff /
cfk"m;Fu g]kfnn] u/]sf ;lGw, ;+emf}tf
/ ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjg;Fu ;DalGwt
/x]sf] lyof] . lrlgofF g]tf o'cfgn]
;a};Fusf] jftf{df rLgsf /fi6«klt
l; lhg lkªn] )&^ ;fn -;g\ @)!(_
sf] c;f]h @%–@^ df ug'e { Psf] g]kfn
e|d0fsf ;Gbe{df ePsf] ;xdlt /
;+ e mf} t fsf] sfof{ G jogdf hf] 8
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . l; lhg lkª eGbf
@# jif{ cl3 ;g\ !((^ df tTsfnLg
lrlgofF /fi6«klt lhofª h]ldgn]
g]kfnsf] b'O{lbg] e|d0f ug'{ePsf]
lyof] . To;}n] klg l;sf] e|d0fnfO{
Tolta]nf g]kfnn] laz]if dxTjsf ;fy
lnPsf] lyof] . rLgsf /fi6«klt ;Lsf]
g]kfn e|d0fsf qmddf Tolta]nf b'O{
b]zaLr !* ;dem\bf/L kq / b'Oj{ 6f
n]6/ ckm PS;r]~hdf sf7df8f}Fsf]
xf]6n ;f]N6Ldf cfof]lht ljz]if
;df/f]xdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] lyof] .
/fi6«klt ;L / g]kfnsf tTsfnLg
k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nLsf] pkl:yltdf
g]kfn rLgaLr pQm x:tfIf/ ePsf]
xf] . ;dembf/Lkq Ps csf{aLr
cfbfg–k|bfg klg ul/Psf] lyof] .
h;df g]kfn ;/sf/ / hgjfbL
u0ftGq rLgaLr ;Ldf Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnLaf/] ;Demf}tf, g]kfn ;/sf/ /
hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgaLr k|zf;lgs
Ifdtf j[l4sf nflu ;xsfo{ cfbfg–
k|bfg ug]{ ;dembf/L -Pdcf]o_" , g]kfn
/ rLgaLr cfk/flws dfldnfdf b'O{
kIfLo sfg"gL ;xfotfsf] ;lGw, g]kfn
/ rLgaLr ;u/dfyf -rf]df]nf]ªd\ f_sf]
;+/If0fdf ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L,
nufgLsf d'Vo kl/of]hgfnfO{ k|j4{g
ug]{ / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
/ rLgsf] /fli6« o ljsf; tyf
k'g;{/+ rgf cfof]uaLr pTkfbs Ifdtf
j[l4df ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L, rLgsf]
5]Gb'df g]kfnsf] sG;'n6] hg/n -
jfl0fHo b"tfjf;_ :yfkgf ug];{ DaGwL
;Demf}tfkq cfbfg–k|bfg, g]kfn–rLg
;Ldfkf/ /] n dfu{ kl/of] h gfsf]
;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu g]kfnsf]
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno
/ rLgsf] oftfoft dGqfnoaLr
;dembf/L / sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf
/ rLgsf] gfl~hª zx/aLr elugL
;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf]
lyof] .
To;}u/L g]kfn / rLgaLr a'6jn
pkdxfgu/kflnsf / rLgsf] lhofg
zx/aLr elugL ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{
;Demf}tf, k/Dk/fut cf}iflwdf ;xsfo{
ug{ g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo / hg;+Vof
dGqfno tyf rLgsf] g] z gn
P8ldlgi6«; ] g ckm 6«l] 8;gn rfOlgh
d]l8l;gaLr ;dembf/L, g]kfnsf] u[x
dGqfno / rLgsf] cfsl:ds
Joj:yfkg dGqfnoaLr ljkb\ hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f tyf cfsl:ds ;]jfdf
;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L, rLgsf] ;'lk|d
lkk'N; k|fl] ;So'6/ sfof{no / g]kfnsf]
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{noaLr
;xsfo{ ug]{ ;dembf/L, g]kfnsf]
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno / rLgsf]
sGˆo'l;o; OlGi6Ro'6 x]8Sjf6{;a{ Lr
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf sGˆo'l;o;
OlGi6Ro'6 :yfkgf ug]{ ;Demf}tf,
g]kfnsf] s[lif ljefu / rLgsf] eG;f/
;fdfGo k|zf;gaLr ;fO6«; -cldnf]
:jfbsf_ kmnk"mn rLg lgof{tsf nflu
la?jfnfO{ :j:y /fVg] ; DaGwL
dfkb08sf] sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f ug]{
;dembf/L, g]kfnsf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo
tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno / rLgsf] jfl0fHo
dGqfnoaLr Jofkf/af/] 5nkmn ug{
b'j} b]zsf k|ltlglw ;xefuL x'g] ;+oQ' m
;+oGq agfpg] ;dembf/L, g]kfndf
rLgn] ;xof] u u/] s f] e" s Dk
;'kl/j]If0f ;~hfn kl/of]hgfsf nflu
ljt/0f / :jLs[ltkqdf ;dembf/L,
g]kfnsf] cy{ dGqfno / rLgsf]
jfl0fHo dGqfnoaLr nufgLdf
;xsfo{sf nflu b'j} b]zsf] k|ltlglw
;xefuL x'gu] /L sfo{bn :yfkgf ug]{
;dembf/L / g]kfnsf] cy{ dGqfno
/ rLgsf] cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;xsfo{
;+:yfaLr ;'?ª lgdf{0fdf ;xsfo{ ug]{
;dembf/L ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L
g]kfn–rLg ;Ldf ;'/Iff ;fdu|L /
sfof{no ;fdu|Lsf nflu ;Demf}tfkq
cfbfg–k|bfg / rLgsf] ;xof]udf
pkTosfdf ;~rfng x'g] vfg]kfgL
cfk"lt{ ;'wf/ kl/of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf
cWoogsf nflu a}7ssf] dfOGo'6sf
nflu ;dembf/L ePsf lyP .
Tolta]nf pQm ;dembf/Ln] g]kfn
/ rLgaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cem
dha'b agfpg] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf]
lyof] . )&^ sf] c;f]h @% ut]
lrlgofF /fi6« k lt l;n] g] k fnsL
tTsfnLg /fi6« k lt ljBfb] j L
e08f/L;Fu lztn lgjf;df e]6jftf{
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . e]6jftf{df g]kfn–
rLgaLrsf] d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGw, cfk;L
lxt / rf;f]sf] ljifodf 5nkmn x'gs ' f
;fy} cfk;L ;DaGwnfO{ yk dha't
agfpg] ljifodf s'/fsfgL ePsf]
lyof] . To;} lbg ;fFem xf]6n ;f]N6Ldf
/fi6«klt ;Ln] tTsfnLg ljkIfL bnsf
g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf;Fu;d]t e]6
u/L g]kfndf h'g kf6L{ ;Qfdf cfP
klg b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGw l:y/ /
ldqjt /xg] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] eg]
lrlgofF sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ g] k fnL
sf+u|];;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf]
atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf
lrlgofF /fi6«klt ;Ln] g]kfn;Fu s'g}
klg ;d:of/lxt ;DaGw /x]sf] pNn]v
ub}{ g]kfn rLgaLr ;'ljwfhgs
Pdfn]sf] cl:tTj w/fkdf Û
g]skf Pdfn] dbg e08f/L /
dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] agfPsf] kf6L{ xf] .
pgLx? Pdfn]df x'bF f ufpFufpFdf ;+u7g
lyof] . aRrfb]lv a'9f;Dd ;a}n]
cfk"mnfO{ Pdfn] g} eGy]+ . dbg e08f/L
/ dgdf]xg clwsf/Ln] kf6L{nfO{ alnof]
agfPsf lyP . hgtf;dIf Pdfn]sf]
hu dha't lyof] . g]tT[ j ;xL ePsfn]
;a}n] Pdfn]dfly ljZjf; uy]{ . pgLx?
clxn] b'lgofFdf geP klg hgtfsf]
lbdfudf Pp6f c;n g]tT[ jsf] 5fk
5f]8/] uPsf 5g\ .
pgLx?n] Pdfn]nfO{ prfOdf
k'¥ofpg lgs} ;+3if{ u/]sf lyP . h'g
clxn]sf g]t[Tjn] …afn'jfdf kfgLÚ
agfOlbPsf 5g\ . bf}l8g'kg]{ Pdfn]
l3l;|g yfn]sf] 5 . h'g lx;fadf ;+u7g
lj:tf/ x'gk' Yof],{ Tof] klg x'g ;s]sf]
5}g\ . pgLx? lat]kl5 dfwjs'df/
g]kfnn] nfdf] ;do kf6L{ xfFs] . To;kl5
emngfy vgfnn] rnfP . pgLx? kl5
s]kL cf]nL kf6L{sf] cWoIf eP . pgL
cfpg]lalQs} Pdfn]n] cfkm\gf] ult
5f]8o\ f] . kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, ljrf/df rn]sf
g]tfx? lj:yflkt eP .
kf6L{sf] nflu Tofu u/]sf, /fi6« /
hgtfsf nflu ;+3if{ u/]sf, kl/jt{gsf
nflu bzf}+ jif{ h]n a;]sfx?n] kf6L{df
7fpF kfPgg\ . a?, Pdfn]df u'08fx?sf]
/fh rNg yfNof] . Pdfn] u'08fubL{ ug]s { f]
kf6L{ aGof] . dx]z a:g]th:tfn] l6s6
kfP . kf6L{df 7fpF kfP . /fhgLltsf]
…/Ú ghfg]sfnfO{ cf]nLn] ;f+;b agfP,
l6s6 lbP . gfFRg], ufpFgx] ? Pdfn]df
xfaL eP . sl/Zdf dfgGw/, sf]dn
jnLh:tfn] Pdfn]df 7fpF kfP . ;+3if{
ug]{ g]tfx? x]/s ] f] x]¥o} .
pgLx?sf] ;+3if{ / kf6L{sf nflu
u/]sf] of]ubfgn] cf]nLnfO{ s'g} km/s
kf/]g . cf]nLsf] cfr/0fn] ubf{ Pdfn]sf]
;b:o 36\bf] qmddf 5 . ;j{;fwf/0fn]
Pdfn]sf] gofF ;b:o lng 5f]l8lbPsf
5g\ . h–h;n] ;b:o lnO;s]sf 5g\,
pgLx? ;b:otf gjLs/0f gug]{
dg;fodf k'us ] f 5g\ . Pdfn]n] s]xL
jif{cl3 &) jif{eGbf dflysf JolSt
kf6L{sf] s'g} klg kbdf a:g gldNg]
lgod agfPsf] lyof] . clxn] Tof] klg
x6fOPsf] 5 . ha @)&! ;fndf cf]nL
kf6L{sf] cWoIf eP To;kl5 kf6L{sf]
b'bz
{ f z'? eof] . Pdfn] km'6/] PsLs[t
;dfhjfbL aGg k'Uof] . ca Pdfn]
rsgfr'/ dfq} x'g afFsL 5 . of] klg
sg]lS6le6L lgdf{0f ug],{ rLg–g]kfn
;Ldfkf/ /]ndfu{ aGg], s]?ª–sf7df8f}F
;' ? ªdfu{ , c/lgsf] /fhdfu{
:t/f]Gglt ug]{, a9LeGbf a9L gfsf
vf]Ng] / e"kl/j]li7t cj:yfaf6
e"hl8t b]z aGg] g]kfnsf] ;kgf
;fsf/ kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{, )&@ sf]
e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf rLgn]
lhDdf lnPsf of] h gfx?sf]
k'glg{df{0fdf tLj|tf lbg] k|ltj4tf
JoQm ug'e { Psf] lyof] . Tolta]nf ;Ln]
tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -
g] s kf_ sf cWoIf k' i ksdn
bfxfn;lxt ;f] kf6L{sf ;lrjfno
;b:ox?;Fu e]6jftf{ u/L g]kfn /
rLgaLrsf] ;DaGw cem ;'b[9 /
;'dw'/ agfP/ n}hfg'kg]{ atfpFb}
sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df :jR5tf / ;'zf;g
cfjZos /x]sf] pkl:yt g]tfx?nfO{
;'emfpg' ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf
g]tfx?n] Ps rLg gLltdf ;/sf/ /
kf6L{ k|lta4 /x]sf] atfP/ lrlgofF
/fi6«klt l;nfO{ cfZj:t kfg'{ePsf]
lyof] . ;f] e|d0faf6 g]kfn / rLgaLr
/xFb} cfPsf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGw k'gM
gjLs/0f ePsf] 7flgPsf] lyof] .
rLgsf /fi6«klt ;Ln] Tolta]nf sl/j
@@ 306f g]kfndf ljtfpFbf g]kfn /
cf]nLs} kfnfdf x'G5 . @)^$ r}t @*
ut] ePsf] r'gfjdf xf/ Joxf]/k] l5 dfwj
g]kfnn] g}ltstfsf] cfwf/df kf6L{sf]
dxf;lrj kbdf /fhLgfdf lbPsf lyP .
@)&( d+l;/ $ ut]sf] k|ltlglw ;efsf]
r'gfjdf bfªsf ;a} lgjf{rg If]qdf
Pdfn]sf] pDd]bjf/ k/flht eof] . t/,
clxn]sf dxf;lrj z+s/ kf]v/]ndf
g}ltstf /x]g5 . pgn] r'gfj xf/] t/
kb 5f]8g] g\ .
@)&* d+l;/df ePsf] Pdfn]sf] bzf}+
dxflwj]zgdf cf]nLn] l6sf nufOlbP/
dxf;lrj ag]sf JolSt x'g,\ kf]v/]n .
sf]dn jnLsf] eg;'gsf] cfwf/df
cf]nLn] pgnfO{ dxf;lrj agfOlbP .
cg';f yfkf
g]tf, sfo{stf{n] r'g/] dxf;lrj ag]sf
xf]Ogg\, kf]v/]n . @)*$ ;fndf k'gM
r'gfj x'G5 . Toltv]/ Pdfn]n] g/fd|f]
xf/ Joxf]gk'{ 5{ . :yfgLo r'gfj xf];\ of
;+;bLo bnsf] r'gfj, Pdfn] lh/f] x'G5 .
nfvf}+ hgtfsf] /ut–kl;gfn] ag]sf]
Pdfn] cf]nL / kf]v/]nn] ;j{:j
agfOlbP . cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf lglDt kf6L{
;vfk kfl/of] . kf6L{sf nflu hLjg Tofu
u/]sf, 3/v]t l;WofPsf g]tf–sfo{stf{
clxn] lg/fz ag]sf 5g\ . Pdfn]n] ult
5f8\bfsf] c;/ pgLx?sf] cg'xf/df
emlNsG5 . cf]nLn] kf6L{ ;sfPsf] eGb}
pgLx? cfqmf]z kf]lv/x]sf x'G5g\ .
cf]nLsf kIfw/x? g} ;dfhjfbLnfO{
Pdfn]df kmsf{pg hf]8an ul//x]sf
5g\ . cf]nLnfO{ kf6L{ cWoIfaf6 x6fP/
dfwj g]kfnnfO{ lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkg'kg]{
dfu p7\g yfn]sf] 5 .
kf6L{ arfpgsf nflu / hgtfsf]
ljZjf; lhTg cf]nL / kf]v/]nn] cWoIf
/ dxf;lrj kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbg'k5{ .
xf]Og eg] Pdfn] km]b g 6'Kkf]sf] aG5 .
@)&$ ;fnsf] r'gfjdf g]skf dfcf]jfbL
/ Pdfn] ldn]/ hgtfsf] aLrdf uP .
kf6L{ PsLs/0f u/ eGb} hgtfn] ef]6
lbP . t/, cf]nLn] cfkm\gf] /+u km]l/xfn] .
rLgaLrsf] 3lgi6 ;DaGw yk
dha'b ag]sf] 7flgPsf] lyof] . )&*
sf] c;f/df tTsfnLg g]skfsf] ;/sf/
9n] / g] k fnL sf+ u | ] ; sf ;efklt
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/
u7g ePkl5 ;f] ;/sf/n] z'?d}
rLg;F u sf] ;dembf/Ldf vnn
k'¥ofpg] sfd u¥of] . tTsfn} rLgn]
g]kfn;Fusf] ;Ldf ldr]sf] cf/f]k
nufpFb} :ynut 5fgljg yflnof] .
rLg;Fu ;g\ @)!& d} ;+emf}tf
ePsf] lacf/cfO{nfO{ pk]Iff ug]{
sfdx? eP . )&* sf] kmfu'gdf
g]kfnn] cd]l/sfsf] ljjfbf:kb of]hgf
Pd;L;L ;+;baf6 kfl/t ePsf]
gf6sLo 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 l5d]sL rLgn]
g]kfntkm{af6 ;'/Iff r'gf}tL a9]sf]
dx;'; u/]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . kmnt
g]kfntkm{sf gfsfx? lj:tf/} ;'rf?
x'g 5f8] . xfn;Dd klg g]kfnsf
rLgtkm{ s f gfsfx? ;' r f? x' g
;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . eG;f/ ljefusf]
kl5Nnf] tYof+ s cg' ; f/ cfa
)&(÷*) df rLgaf6 b'O{ va{ @@
ca{ &! s/f]8 %( nfv ## xhf/
?lkofFsf] cfoft ePsf] / g]kfnaf6
Ps ca{ &^ s/f]8 %& nfv *^
xhf/ ?lkofFsf] dfq lgof{t ePsf]
g kf6L{sf] cWoIf 5f]8] g k|wfgdGqL .
k|wfgdGqL kb 5f]8g\ k' g]{ ePkl5 pgn]
b'O{ k6s ;+;b lj36g u/] . dfwj
g]kfn / k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú nfO{
kf6L{af6 lgsfn] .
h;sf] glthf clxn] Pdfn]n]
ef]lu/x]sf] 5 . casf] s]xL ;dod}
Pdfn]sf] kQf;fkm x'G5 . kf6L{ emg\emg\
gfh's x'bF } uPsf] 5 . Pdfn]nfO{ hgtfn]
ljZjf; ug{ 5f]l8;s]sf 5g\ . cf]nLsf]
bflxg] xft dx]z a:g]tn] eStk'/
lgjf{rg If]q gDa/ @ af6 r'gfj
xfl/xfn] . bfª lgjf{rg If]q gDa/ #
df sf]dn jnLn] xf/ Joxf]l/g\ . Psfw
JolStsf sf/0f Pdfn]nfO{ g/fd|f] c;/
k'Uof] . Pdfn]df alnbfg u/]sfx? cf]nLn]
ug]gg\ . cfh cfkm\g} sfo{stf{n]
cf]nLnfO{ uGb}gg\ .
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL x'bF f b'O{
k6s gful/stf ljw]os kfl/t eP/
/fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/LsxfF k'Uof] . t/,
pgn] ljw]os yGsfOg\ g kbaf6
/fhLgfdf lbOg\ . dw]zsf nfvf}+ hgtfn]
gful/stf kfPsf lyPgg\ . h;sf sf/0f
pgLx? /fHoaf6 kfpg'kg]{ ;]jf;'ljwf
kfpgaf6 ;d]t jl~rt ePsf lyP . g
a}s
+ vftf vf]Ng kfPsf lyP, g ljb]z
hfg . hgtfaf6 r'lgP/ cfPsf ;+f;bn]
b'O{ k6s gful/stf ljw]os kfl/t ubf{
klg cf]nLn] k|dfl0fs/0f ug{ lbPgg\ .
tTsfnLg /fi6«klt e08f/LnfO{ eg]/
pgn] /f]s] . gful/stf ljw]os
k|dfl0fs/0f ug{' x'bF g} \ eg]/ dx]z a:g]t
cfkm\gf s]xL sfo{stf{ lnP/ ;8sdf
cfP . /fdrGb| kf}8]nn] /fi6«klt
x'gl] alQs} gful/stf ljw]os k|dfl0fs/0f
ul/lbP . tTsfnLg /fi6«klt e08f/Ln]
yGsfOlbPsf] ljw]os pgn] k|dfl0fs/0f
u/] . gful/stf ljw]os k|dfl0fs/0f
ePkl5 dw]zdf v';LofnL 5fPsf] 5 .
pgLx?sf] eljio ;'lglZrt ePsf] 5 .
pRr lzIff xfl;n ug{ pgLx?nfO{ ca
s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g . Pdfn] dw]zaf6
;d]t gª\lu;s]sf] 5 . gful/stf
ljw]os c8\sfPs} sf/0f dw]zdf
Pdfn]df Oltxf; ;lSsof] . dw]zdf
lbFp;} aQL afn]/ Pdfn] vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .
of] l;Wofpg] klg cf]nL g} x'g\ . pgn]
e08f/LnfO{ g/f]ss ] f] eP Pdfn]sf]
dw]zdf yk ef]6 cfpFYof] . Pdfn]sf]
kQf;fkm ug]{ logLx? b'O{ x'g\ . cf]nLs}
kfnfdf Pdfn] ;lSsG5 eg] /
;j{;fwf/0fn] ;f]rs ] f klg lyPgg\ .
3
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cjlwdf cfoft
a9\b} uPklg lgof{t a9\g g;Sbf
l5d]sL rLg;Fu b'O{ va{ @) ca{
(% s/f]8 !$ nfv Jofkf/ 3f6f
x'gk'u]sf] 5 . xfn cfP/ g]kfn
c;+nUg k//fi6« gLltaf6 qmdzM kl5
x6\b} uPsf] / cd]l/sfnufotsf
klZrdf /fi6«x?;Fu ;+nUgtf a9fpFb}
nfg nfu]sf] eGg] s'/fx? p7]sf 5g\ .
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / Pdfn]s} g]tfx?n]
o:tf] ;+;o AoQm u/]kl5 rLgn] g]kfn
dfldnfdf a9L rf;f] s]lGb|t u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] xfn} cfPsf]
k| l tlglwd08nn] /fi6« k lt l;sf]
@)&^ sf] e|d0fsf qmddf ePsf
;xdltsf] sfof{Gjogdf laz]if hf]8
lbPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . rLgn] p7fPsf]
;'/Iff rf;f]nfO{ g]kfnn] ;Daf]wg
ug}k{ g]{ cj:yf 5 . rLgsf nflu g]kfndf
h'g;'s} kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ eP klg vf;}
km/s kg]{ u/]sf] 5}g . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
rLg ljz'4 cfkm\gf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff, ljsf;
/ ;f]xL 9+usf] cfkm\gf] ljZj Joj:yf
lgdf{0fsf] kIfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n]
g]kfnn] klg l5d]sLsf] rfxgfsf] ;Daf]wg
ug's { f ;fy} ;xsfo{df hf]8 lbg' cfhsf]
cfaZostf ePsf] 5 .
Pp6f JolStn] kf6L{ tx;gx; agfP/
5f]85 \ eg]/ s;}n] sNkgf g} u/]sf
lyPgg\ .
lsgls cf]nLn] dfq} agfPsf] kf6L{
t lyPg\, Pdfn] . nfvf}+ hgtfsf] nufgL
of] kf6L{df 5 . cf]nLn] k|wfgdGqL gx'bF f
Psbd} lu/]sf] sfd u/] . @)&$ kmfu'g
# ut] k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 pgn] b]z /
hgtfsf nflu eGbf klg sfo{stf{sf
nflu sfd u/] . b]zsf] gS;f ePsf]
s]s sf6]/ vfP . hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6
s}of}+ k6s ef]hsf] cfof]hgf u/] . cfkm\gf
kf6L{sf ;f+;b / sfo{stf{nfO{ af]nfP/
lthsf] ef]h v'jfP . ljkIfL bnsf
g]tfnfO{ cl/Ëfn h;/L 6f]Sg' eg]/
lgb]z{ g;d]t lbP .
pgL cfkm\gf kf6L{sf g]tfsf]
k|wfgdGqL t lyPgg\ . ljkIfL bnsf
g]tfsf] klg k|wfgdGqL lyP . t/, Tolt
klg Vofn u/]gg\, h] dg nfUof] ToxL
af]Ng] / cfkm\gf] dgf]dfgL rnfpg] afgLsf
sf/0f cfh Pdfn] tx;gx; aGof] .
cf]nLsf] bfofFafofF ug]x{ ?nfO{ hgtfn]
@)&( ;fnsf] r'gfjdf x/fOlbP .
cf]nLsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf; klg lj:tf/}
;lsFb} 5 . pgsf nflu ;a} 9f]sf aGb
eO;s]sf 5g\ . cf]nLnfO{ hgtfn] t
ljZjf; ub}g{ g\, cfkm\g} kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n]
;d]t vf]O/f] vGg yfln;s]sf 5g\ .
cf]nL lehg gePsf] JolSt x'g\ eGg]
s'/f hgtfn] yfxf kfO;s]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf]
kb l6sfpgsf nflu cf]nLn] @)&& k'if
% ut] ;+;b lj36g u/] . @)&* h]7
* ut] km]l/ ;+;b lj36g u/] . ;jf]R{ r
cbfntn] b'Or { f]l6 g} ;+f;b Ao"tfOlbof] .
@)&* c;f/ @* ut] ;jf]R{ rn] cf]nLsf]
k|wfgdGqL kb vfOlbof] . c;f/ @( ut]
b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ag] . ( dlxgf Pdfn]sf]
;+f;bn] ;bg cj/f]w u¥of] . hgtfn]
lt/]sf] s/af6 Pdfn]sf ;+f;bn]
Tolta]nf klg tna krfP . ;/sf/L
uf8L r9] t/ Pp6f ljw]os ;bgaf6
kfl/t ug{ lbPgg\ . cf]nLn] b]pjfsf]
;/sf/ /x\of] eg] b]z 6fF6 klN6G5
eg]/ efif0f 7f]Sb} lxF8] . cf]nLn] d+l;/
$ sf] r'gfjdf cfkm\gf] kf6L{n] ax'dt
NofpF5 eg]sf lyP . dx]z a:g]tnfO{
ef]6 dfUg cfpFbf cf]nLn] eg], …d
k|wfgdGqL x'G5' clg dx]z a:g]tnfO{
/f]hs
] f] dGqfno lbG5' .Ú g a:g]tn] r'gfj
lht] g cf]nL k|wfgdGqL ag] . o:tf
…km6fxfÚ g]tfsf] ljZjf; u/]/ klg b]z
psfl;G5 <
 4 @)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df ;f9] !$ va{ Jofkf/ 3f6f Û
sf7df8f} F . eG;f/ ljefun]
;f]daf/ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ut cfly{s
jif{ s f] j} b ] l zs Jofkf/;DaGwL
ljj/0fcg' ; f/ ut cfly{ s jif{
@)&(÷*) df g]kfnn] s'n ¿ !$
va{ %$ ca{ %( s/f]8 !) nfv
a/fa/sf] Jofkf/ 3f6f Joxf]/s ] f] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf eg] Jofkf/3f6f
!% bzdnj $% k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ @)&*–&( df
g]kfnn] s'n ¿ !& va{ @) ca{ $!
s/f]8 &# nfv a/fa/sf] Jofkf/ 3f6f
Joxf]/s] f] lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf
ut cfly{s jif{ g]kfnsf] ;du|
j}bl] zs Jofkf/;d]t !^ bzdnj %*
k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s
jif{df ¿ @! va{ @) ca{ $& s/f]8
&# nfv a/fa/sf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
ePsf]df ut jif{ eg] ¿ !& va{ ^*
ca{ *& s/f]8 @$ nfvdf ;Lldt
ePsf] b] l vPsf] xf] . ljefusf]
tYofÍcg';f/ ut cfly{s jif{ d'ns ' n]
s'n ¿ !^ va{ !! ca{ &# s/f]8
!& nfv a/fa/sf] dfnj:t' cfoft
ubf{ ¿ Ps va{ %& ca{ !$ s/f]8
5 nfv a/fa/sf] dfq} lgof{t u/]sf]
5 . cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] t'ngfdf
ut jif{ cfoft !^ bzdnj )* /
lgof{t @! bzdnj $$ k|ltztn]
cflys{ jif{ @)*)÷*! sf] dfl} bs| gLlt ;fjh{ lgs M z]o/ ahf/ / 3/hUuf sf/fa] f/;DaGwL gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6« a}s
cfO{ t jf/ rfn' cfly{ s jif{
+ n] ut
@)*)÷*! sf] df} l b| s gLlt
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . /fi6« a}+sn]
df}lb|s gLltdfkm{t\ gLltut b/df
;fdfGo nrstf ckgfP klg z]o/
ahf/ / 3/hUuf sf/f]af/ ;DalGw
gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .
/fi6« a}+sn] df}lb|s gLltdfkm{t\
cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{sf] ;Ldf a9fP/
@ s/f]8 sfod ul/Psf] 5 . eg]
g]kfnsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf
vftf vf]nL ljk|i] f0f k7fPdf sDtLdf
Ps k| l tzt yk Aofh lbg]
Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 .
rfn' cfly{s jif{df ljQLo tyf
df}lb|s If]q ;'wf/sf nflu ljleGg
sfg"gL k|lqmof ;+zf]wg tyf ;'wf/sf
gLlt lnOg] /fi6« a}s + sf] egfO 5 .
/fi6« a}s + sf] lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0fsf]
sfd r':t agfpg ljleGg gLlt, P]g,
lgodfjnL tyf lgb]l{ zsfdf ;+zf]wg
ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .
æljQLo If]qsf] :yfloTjnfO{ c;/
k'¥ofpg] u}/Jofj;flos tyf pR5[v + n
ultljlwnfO{ ;d]t lgoGq0f ug{
;xof]u k'Ug] u/L ljBdfg a}lsË s;'/
P]g, @)^$ df ;d;fdlos ;+zf]wg
k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOg] 5Æ, rfn'
cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLltdf elgPsf]
5, ækf/:kl/s d"NofÍgaf6 k|fKt
;'emfj ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;DklQ
z' 4 Ls/0f lgjf/0f;F u ;DalGwt
lgb]{zgx? hf/L ul/g] 5 . ;fy},
;DalGwt sfg' g sf] ;d;fdlos
kl/dfh{g ug{ / /fli6«o /0fgLlt th{d' f
ug{ ;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .Æ
lghL If]qn] lj/f]w hgfO/x]sf]
rfn'kh F' L shf{;DaGwL dfu{bz{g klg
;+zf]wg ug]{ /fi6« a}+sn] df}lb|s
gLltdfkm{t\ hgfPsf] 5 . æa}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;'emfj ;d]tsf]
cfwf/df rfn' k ' F h L shf{ ; DaGwL
dfu{bz{gdf cfjZos k'g/fjnf]sg
ul/g] 5Æ, df}lb|s gLltdf pNn]v 5 .
To:t}, k|fs[lts k|sf]k jf cGo
ljz]if kl/l:ylthGo sf/0fn] ;d:ofdf
k/]sf C0fLx?sf] shf{ k'g;{+/rgf
nufotsf Joj:yf u/]/ k'g?Tyfg
tyf cGo Joj:yfkgsf nflu a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cjnDag ug{'
kg]{ pkfo / k|so[ fnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L
…:6«]:8 nf]g l/hf]n';g k|m]djs{Ú hf/L
ul/g] /fi6« a}+ssf] egfO 5 .
36]sf] 5 .
ut cfly{s jif{ g]kfnn] u/]sf]
s"n j}b]lzs Jofkf/df cfoftsf]
lx:;f (! bzdnj !@ k|ltzt /
lgof{tsf] lx:;f cf7 bzdnj **
k|ltzt a/fa/ 5 . cyf{t\ g]kfnn]
u/]sf] s"n lgof{tsf] t'ngfdf s"n
cfoft !) bzdnj @^ u'0ffn] a9L
xf] . ut jif{ cfofltt j:t'af6 s"n
¿ tLg va{ && ca{ @^ s/f]8 rf/
nfv a/fa/sf] eG;f/ /fh:j p7]sf]
5 . a9L cfoft x'g] j:t'df k]6f« l] nod
kbfy{ klxnf] gDa/df b]lvPsf] 5 .
ut jif{ g]kfnn] ;a}eGbf w]/} ¿ Ps
va{ %# ca{ && s/f]8 a/fa/sf]
l8h]n dfq} cfoft u/]sf] 5 . To:t},
¿ ^^ ca{ *$ s/f]8 $* s/f]8
a/fa/sf] k]6«f]n / ¿ %* ca{ !%
s/f]8 $! nfv a/fa/sf] vfgf
ksfpg] Uof; cfoft ePsf] 5 .
kmnfdhGo j:t'sf] cfoftdf ¿ $#
ca{ ^) s/f]8, sRrf ;f]oflag t]n
cfoftdf ¿ #% ca{ %* s/f]8,
sf]Onf cfoftdf ¿ @& ca{ !@ s/f]8
/ sRrf kfd t]n cfoftdf ¿ @%
ca{ (! s/f]8 a/fa/ aflxl/Psf]
b]lvG5 . a9L lgof{t ePsf j:t'df
sfk]6{ klxnf] gDa/df 5 . ut cfly{s
jif{ g]kfnn] ¿ !! ca{ %) s/f]8 ^^
jfl0fHo a}+sx?sf] ;DklQsf]
u'0f:t/ k'gMd"NofÍg ug{s ' f ;fy} a}s
+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s shf{
hf]lvd juL{s/0f -OG6/gn qm]l86
l/:s u|]l8ª_ ug]{;DaGwL dfu{bz{g
th{d' f u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] df}lb|s
gLltdf pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L, /fli6«o
:t/sf ljsf; a}+sx?n] ;d]t k"0f{
?kdf Soflk6n Pl8Sj;L k|md ] js{,
@)!% cg';f/ k'FhLsf]if sfod ug{'
kg]{ Joj:yf nfu" ug]{ /fi6« a}s + n]
rfn' cfjsf] df}lb|s gLltdf pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfn n]vfdfgcg';f/ …PS:k]S6]8
qm] l 86 n; df] 8 nÚ -Ol;Pn_
sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos gLlt
th{'df ul/g] /fi6« a}+ssf] egfO 5 .
To:t}, shf{ k|jfxsf] jt{dfg cj:yf
;d] t sf] ljZn] i f0fsf] cfwf/df
tf] l sPsf If] q df shf{ nufgL
ug{'kg]{;DaGwL ljBdfg Joj:yfdf
cfjZos k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] /fi6«
a}+sn] atfPsf] 5 .
rfn' cfly{s jif{ jflif{s ah]6df
pNn]v ePadf]lhd a}s + tyf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 lglZrt ;LdfeGbf a9L
shf{ ;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{ C0fLx?n]
clgjfo{ ?kdf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lng'
kg]{ Joj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] df}lb|s
gLltdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
lwtf]kq af]8a{ f6 :jLs[lt k|fKt
u/]sf k|fOe]6 OlSj6L kmG8 tyf
e]~r/ Soflk6n kmG8df a}s
ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 x'g] nufgLnfO{
+ tyf
;xhLs/0f ug{ ljBdfg nufgL;DaGwL
Joj:yfdf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] hgfOPsf]
5 . rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s
gLltdfkm{t\ …qm]l86 :sf]/LËÚ dfkg ug]{
nfv a/fa/sf] sfk]{6 lgof{t u/]sf]
5 . To:t}, ¿ !) ca{ &! s/f]8
a/fa/sf] k|zf]lwt kfd t]n, ¿ cf7
ca{ $& s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ;f]oflag
t] n / ¿ cf7 ca{ @& s/f] 8
a/fa/sf] cn}FrL lgof{t u/]sf] 5 .
o;} u /L, ;fj{ h lgs C0f
Joj:yfkg sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] tYofÍcg';f/ ut cfly{s jif{
@)&(÷*) sf] cGt;Dddf g]kfnn]
¿ !! va{ @* ca{ #@ s/f]8 (@
nfv a/fa/ cfGtl/s / ¿ !) va{
(# ca{ #$ s/f]8 (# nfv a/fa/
afXo C0f ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] b]lvPsf]
5 . ut cfly{s jif{df dfq g]kfnsf]
;fj{hlgs C0f ¿ b'O{ va{ cf7 ca{
#* s/f]8 @! nfv ylkPsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{ @)&*÷&( sf]
c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf o:tf] C0f ¿
@) va{ !# ca{ @( s/f]8 ^$ nfv
a/fa/ lyof] . ut cfly{s jif{df dfq
¿ Ps va{ $) ca{ *& s/f]8 ((
nfv a/fa/ cfGtl/s / ¿ ^& ca{
%) s/f]8 @@ nfv a/fa/ afXo
C0f ylkPsf] ;fj{ h lgs C0f
Joj:yfkg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
ut cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df
g]kfnsf] k'FhLut vr{ ¿ b'O{ va{ ##
ca{ ^( s/f]8 a/fa/ xf] . ;fj{hlgs
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;DalGwt
lgsfo;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo ul/g] klg
/fi6« a}s
+ sf] egfO 5 .
rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] @)*)÷*!
sf] jflif{s ah]6df pNn]v ePadf]lhd
art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf]
k|efjsf/L lgodg tyf ;'k/Lj]If0fsf
nflu 5'§} ljlzli6s[t lgofds lgsfo
:yfkgf ug{ cfjZos ;xhLs/0f /fi6«
a}+sn] ug]{ df}lb|s gLltdf Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
To:t}, a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf tyf
cGo e' Q mfgL;DaGwL sfo{ ug] {
;+ : yfx?aLr u| f xssf] ;" r gf
cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfpg
/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L ul//x]sf]
/fli6«o kl/rokq;d]tnfO{ s]Gb|Lo
u|fxs klxrfg -;]G6«nfO{H8 s]jfO;L_
k|0ffnLdf cfj4 x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo u|fxs
klxrfg k| 0 ffnLsf] lgdf{ 0 f tyf
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu
cfjZos ;dGjo ul/g] hgfOPsf] 5 .
/fi6 a}s
+ n] df}lb|s gLltdf u/]sf
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
C0fsf] ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgLdf utjif{
;/sf/n] u/]sf] vr{ klg ljsf; vr{s}
xf/fxf/L 5 .
ut jif{df C0fsf] ;fFjf Aofh
e'QmfgLdf ;/sf/n] ¿ b'O{ va{ @@
ca{ &$ s/f]8 @! nfv vr{ u/]sf]
5 . h;dWo], cfGtl/s C0fsf] ;fFjf–
Aofh e'QmfgL ¿ Ps va{ &( ca{ &@
s/f]8 %# nfv / afXo C0fsf] ;fFjf
Aofh e'QmfgLdf ¿ $# ca{ Ps s/f]8
^* nfv a/fa/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/n] ut jif{ cfGtl/s C0fsf]
;fFjf dfq} ¿ Ps va{ !% ca{ !!
s/f]8 &* nfv a/fa/ lt/]sf] 5 .
To:t}, cfGtl/s C0fsf] Aofhdf ¿
^$ ca{ $( s/f]8 $@ nfv / g]kfn
/fi6« a}s
+ nfO{ ltg]{ sld;gdf ¿ !!
s/f]8 ## nfv a/fa/ vr{ ePsf]
5 . afXo C0fdf eg] ¿ #$ ca{ ^!
s/f]8 &( nfv a/fa/ ;fFjf / ¿
cf7 ca{ #( s/f]8 *( nfv a/fa/
Aofh e'QmfgL ePsf] ;fj{hlgs C0f
Joj:yfkg sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 .
ut cfly{s jif{ @)&(÷*) df
g]kfnn] ¿ tLg va{ #* ca{ !! s/f]8
&* nfv a/fa/ cfGtl/s / afXo
C0f p7fPsf] 5 . cfGtl/stkm{ ¿
b'O{ va{ %% ca{ (( s/f]8 && nfv
/ afXotkm{ ¿ Ps va{ b'O{ ca{ !@
d'Vo Joj:yf o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 –
…!= cfGtl/s tyf afXo cfly{s
kl/b[ Z onfO{ b[ l i6ut u/L
gLltut b/nfO{ %) cfwf/
laGb'n] 36fO{ ^=% k|ltzt
sfod ul/Psf] 5 . a}+sb/nfO{
&=% k|ltztdf oyfjt /fvL
lgIf]k ;+sng af]nsaf]n b/nfO{
%=% k|ltztaf6 36fP/ $=%
k|ltzt sfod ul/Psf]5 .
@= o; a}+sn] ;~rfng nIosf]
?kdf lnPsf] efl/t cf};t
cGt/a}s + Aofhb/ a}s + b/eGbf
pRr / lgIf]k ;+sng b/eGbf
Go"g ePdf bf];f| ] ahf/ sf/f]af/
/ lgIf]k ;+sng af]nsaf]n v'nf
ul/g] 5 .
#= a}s + b/df :yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf
/ gLltut b/df cf]e/gfO6
t/ntf ;'ljwf pknJw x'g]
Joj:yfnfO{ oyfjt /flvPsf]
5.
$= Aofhb/ sl/8f]/nfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg Aofhb/ sl/8f]/sf]
tNnf] ;Ldfdf :yfoL lgIf]k
;+sng ;'ljwf pknJw u/fpg]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
%= klxnf] cfjf;Lo 3/ shf{sf]
;Ldf ?=! s/f]8 %) nfvnfO{
j[l4 u/L ?=@ s/f]8 k'¥ofOg]
5.
^= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf vftf
vf]nL ljk|]if0f k7fPdf slDtdf
! k| l tzt yk Aofh lbg]
Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf]
5.
&= a}s + tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;'emfj
;d]tsf] cfwf/df rfn' k"FhL
shf{ ; DaGwL dfu{ b z{ g df
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g+=+ $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
s/f]8 a/fa/ C0f p7fOPsf] 5 .
clxn] g]kfnsf] s'n ufx{:Yo
pTkfbg -lhl8kL_ sf] cfsf/ ¿ $*
va{ %! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
lhl8kLsf] of] cfsf/nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf
lhl8kLdf ;fj{hlgs C0fsf] cg'kft
$% bzdnj *) k|ltzt k'us ] f] 5 .
lhl8kLdf ;fj{hlgs C0fsf] cg'kft
a9\b} hfg' / Go"g k'h
F L lgdf{0fsf sf/0f
cfly{s j[l4b/;d]t sdhf]/ eO/xFbf
To;n] cfufdL lbgdf d' n ' s sf]
cy{tGqnfO{ hf]lvddf kfg]; { Sg] eGb}
;fj{hlgs C0f a9]sfdf cfnf]rgf
x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! df g]kfnsf]
;fj{hlgs C0f ¿ kfFr va{ %# ca{
%) s/f]8 &) nfv a/fa/ lyof] eg]
pQm jif{ lhl8kLdf ;fj{hlgs C0fsf]
cg'kft @* bzdnj %! k|ltzt
a/fa/ lyof] . kl5Nnf] sl/a Ps
bzsdf g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs C0f
rf/u'0ffn] a9]sf] 5 eg] lhl8kLdf
C0fsf] cg'kft bf]Aa/n] a9]sf] 5 .
kl5Nnf] kfFr jif{df dfq g]kfnsf]
;fj{hlgs C0f bf]Aa/eGbf a9Ln]
a9]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$
df g]kfnsf] ;fj{hlgs C0f ¿ 5
va{ (& ca{ ^* s/f]8 a/fa/ lyof] .
e"sDkkl5sf] k'gM;+/rgfsf nflu
cfjZos k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]
5.
*= jfl0fHo a}+sx?sf] ;DklQsf]
u'0f:t/ k'gMd"NofÍg ug{s ' f] ;fy}
a} + s tyf ljQLo ;+ : yfsf]
cfGtl/s shf{ hf] l vd
juL{s/0f ug]; { DaGwL dfu{bz{g
th{d' f u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]
5.
(= /fli6«o :t/sf ljsf; a}s + x?n]
;d] t k" 0 f{ ?kdf cg' ; f/
k'h
F Lsf]if sfod ug{' kg]{ Joj:yf
nfu" ul/g] 5 .
!)= shf{ k|jfxsf] jt{dfg cj:yf
;d]tsf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df
tf]lsPsf If]qdf shf{ nufgL
ug{ ' k g] { ; DaGwL ljBdfg
Joj:yfdf cfjZos
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5 .
!!= cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6df pNn]v
ePadf]lhd a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfaf6 lglZrt ;LdfeGbf
a9L shf{÷;'ljwf pkof]u ug]{
C0fLx?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ lng' kg]{ Joj:yf
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5 .
!@= lwtf]kq af]8a{ f6 :jLs[lt k|fKt
u/] s f Private Equity
Fund\Venture Capital
Fund df a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+ : yfaf6 x' g ] nufgLnfO{
;xhLs/0f ug{ ljBdfg
nufgL;DaGwL Joj:yfdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5 .
!#= qm] l 86 :sf] / LË dfkg ug] {
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ ;DalGwt
lgsfo;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo
ul/g] 5 .
g]kfnn] C0f p7fPkl5 cfly{s jif{
@)&$÷&% ;Dddf ¿ gf} va{ !&
ca{ #! s/f]8 k'Uof] . To;kl5 cfly{s
jif{ @)&%÷&^ df ¿ !) va{ $*
ca{ !% s/f]8, cfly{s jif{ @)&^/&&
df ¿ !$ va{ ## ca{ $) s/f]8,
cfly{s jif{ @)&&÷&* df ¿ !&
va{ #& ca{ ^# s/f]8 / cfly{s jif{
@)&*÷&( ;Dddf ¿ @) va{ !#
ca{ @( s/f]8 a/fa/ k'u]sf] lyof] .
/fli6« o tYofÍ sfof{ n on]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf,
@)&* cg';f/ s"n hg;+Vof b'O{
s/f]8 (! nfv ^$ xhf/ kfFr ;o
&* a/fa/ 5 . s"n ;fj{hlgs
C0fnfO{ s"n hg;+Vof;Fu t'ngf ubf{
k|ltJolQm C0f ¿ &^ xhf/ Ps ;o
&& a/fa/ kg{ hfG5 .
;/sf/L /fh:j ;Íngsf] t'ngfdf
7"nf] cfsf/sf] ah]6 NofpFbf ;/sf/n]
cfGtl/s / afXo C0fnfO{ ah]6
;|ft] sf ?kdf b]vfpF5 . ;/sf/n] rfn'
cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! sf] 3f6f ah]6
k"lt{ ug{sf nflu ¿ rf/ va{ %@
ca{ &% s/f]8 a/fa/ C0f p7fpg]
nIo /fv]sf] 5 . h;dWo] ¿ b'O{
va{ $) ca{ cfGtl/s / ¿ b'O{
va{ !@ ca{ &% s/f]8 afXo C0f
p7fpg] ;/sf/sf] nIo 5 .
!$= cfly{s jif{ @)*)÷*! sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ah]6df pNn]v
ePadf]lhd art tyf C0f
;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L
lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf nflu
5'§} ljlzli6s[t lgofds lgsfo
:yfkgf ug{ cfjZos
;xhLs/0f ul/g]5 .
!%= a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf tyf cGo
e' Q mfgL;DaGwL sfo{ ug{
cg'dltkq k|fKt ;+:yfx?aLr
u|fxssf] ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
sfo{nfO{ ;xh agfpg / g]kfn
;/sf/n] hf/L ul//x]sf] /fli6«o
kl/rokq ;d]tnfO{ s]Gb|Lo
u|fxs klxrfg k|0ffnLdf cfj4
x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo u|fxs klxrfg
k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog
ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;F u
cfjZos ;dGjo ul/g] 5 .
!^= ljQLo ulx/fO{ dfkgsf nflu
a} + s tyf ljQLo ;+ : yfsf]
cltl/Qm n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf,
ladf sDkgL, gful/s nufgL
sf]if / sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if
nufotsf cGo u}/a}lsË ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] jf;nft ;dfj]z
ePsf] ljQLo ;j]I{ f0f tof/ u/L
k|sfzg ul/g] 5 .
!&= z]o/ lwtf] shf{, l/on :6]6
shf{ tyf xfo/ kr]{h shf{sf
ljBdfg hf]lvd ef/;DaGwL
Joj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 .
!*= @)*! c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/]df
ljBdfg ;'ljwfx? pknAw x'g]
u/L n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
dh{/ / k|flKtnfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ul/g]5 .Ú
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
bfz{lgs kmf“6df b'O{ l;4fGt M cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfb
bfz{lgs kmfF6df b'O{ l;4fGt /x]sf
5g\ M cfbz{jfb / ef}ltsjfb . o;
cfn]vdf log} b'O{ ljk/Lt /x]sf
bfz{lgs l;4fGtsfaf/]df of] bz{gsf]
ljifo ePsf] n ] ;/n efiffdf
;j{ ; fwf/0fn] a' ‰ g ;Sg] u/L
ljZn]if0ffTds cfn]v n]Vg] k|oTg
ul/Psf] 5 . lsgeg] dfG5]n] bz{g
h:tf] uxg / j}1flgs ljifosf] ulx/f]
cWoog gul/sg, o;nfO{ ga'lemsg
b]z b'lgofF -ljZj a|Xdf08_ sf af/]df
a'Gg], hfGg] / abNg] rfxg]x?sf lglDt
bz{gsf] ulx/f] cWoog, cWofkg ug{
h?/L 5 .
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿sf lglDt
t bz{gsf] ulx/f] cWoog cToGt}
h?/L 5 o;nfO{ cfTdzflts/0f u/]/
hLjg Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ plQs}
h?/L dfq xf]Og clgjfo{ ljifo aGg
k'u]sf] 5 . oxfF k|:t't ug{ vf]lhPsf]
ljifo s] xf] eg] bz{gzf:qdf d"ntM
b' O { l;4fGt 5g\ M cfbz{ j fb -
cfWofTdjfb_ / ef}ltsjfb .
!_ cfbz{ j fb -cfWofTdjfb_
!_ lrGtg, ljrf/, cfTdf, k/dfTdf,
;+jb] gf, O{Zj/, hGd, k'gh{Gd,
efUo, b'ef{Uo, :ju{, gs{ jf c?
s' g } cnf} l ss -sfNklgs_
zlQmnfO{ hut jf ;[li6sf] d'Vo
sf/0f dfGb5g\ .
@_ j:t' jf hutnfO{ ljrf/, r]tgf
jf dfG5] -xfd|f_] dgeGbf :jtGq
cl:tTj ePsf] s'/f :jLsf/
ub}g{ g\
#_ ljZj a|Xdf08 jf j:t'nfO{ hfGg
/ a'‰g ;lsGg eGb5g\, tL
cfbz{jfbL x'g\ . cfbz{ cyf{t\
ljrf/nfO{ klxnf] bhf{df /fv]sfn]
o; l;4fGtsf] gfd cfbz{jfb
/xg uPsf] xf] . o; ljifodf
ljleGg bfz{lgsx?n] cfˆgf]
tl/sfn] ts{ k| : t' t u/] s f]
kfOG5 . ef/tLo a]bfGt bz{gn]
k/a|Dx jf k/dfTdfnfO{ klxnf]
atfpF5 . o'gfgL bfz{lgs Kn]6f]n]
k/d ;f}Gbo{af6 ;+;f/ ag]sf] 5
eg]sf 5g\ . hd{g bfz{lgs
x]u]nn] lg/k]If ljrf/af6 hut
ag] s f] atfPsf 5g\ . csf] {
bfz{lgs Xo'dn] j:t' jf ;+;f/nfO{
hfGg, a'‰g a'lemg]af/] z+sf k|s6
u/]sf 5g\ .
@_ ef} l tsjfb
!_ ;Qf jf j:t', kbfy{ jf k|sl[ tnfO{
;Dk"0f{ a|Xdf08 jf hutsf] klxnf]
sf/0f dfGb5g\ / O{Zj/ jf s'g}
cnf}lss zlQm dfGb}g .
@_ ljrf/, r]tgf jf dfG5] -xfd|f]_
dg eGbf :jtGq / aflx/ j:t'
jf hutsf] cl:tTj dfGb5g\ .
#_ j:t' jf hutnfO{ hfGg, a'‰g
;lsG5 eG5g\, tL ef}ltsjfbL
x'g\ . kbfy{nfO{ klxnf] bhf{df
/fv] s fn] o; bz{ g sf] gfd
ef}ltsjfb /xg uPsf] xf] .
bfz{lgs kmfF6df k|f/lDes ;f+Vo
bz{gn] k|s[ltnfO{ k|wfg / klxnf]
atfPsf] 5 . rfaf{s bz{gn] O{Zj/
dfg]sf] 5}g . k[YjL, hn, cfuf], xfjf
h:tf ef}lts kbfy{nfO{ hutsf]
klxnf] sf/0f atfPsf] 5 . o'gfgdf
x]/]SnfO{6;n] cfuf] / 8]df]qmfO6;
cflbn] k/df0f'nfO{ klxnf] atfPsf
5g\ . a]sg, r]lg{z]a:sL, kmfo/jfv
cflb ;a} ef}ltsjfbLx?n] kbfy{nfO{
klxnf] atfpFb} To;nfO{ dfG5]sf]
dgeGbf aflx/ a]Un} cl:tTj ePsf]
/ To;nfO{ hfGg, a'‰g ;lsg] s'/f
atfPsf 5g\ .
s_
!_ ;Qf, j:t', kbfy{ jf k|sl[ tnfO{
;Dk"0f{ a|Xdf08 jf hutsf] klxnf]
sf/0f dfGb5g\ / O{Zj/ jf s'g}
cnf}lss dfGb}g .
@_ ljrf/, r]tgf jf dfG5]sf] dgeGbf
aflx/ j:t' jf hutsf] cl:tTj
dfGb5g\ .
#_ j:t' jf hutnfO{ hfGg, a'‰g
;lsG5 eGb5g\, tL ef}ltsjfbL
x'g\ . kbfy{nfO{ klxnf] bhf{df
/fv] s fn] o; bz{ g sf] gfd
ef}ltsjfb /xg uPsf] xf] .
v_
!_ ;Qf / lrGtg, cfTdf / kbfy{
jf j:t' / r]tgf b'a}nfO{ klxnf]
dfGb5g\ .
@_ s] x L ef} l tsjfbL / s] x L
cfbz{jfbL s'/f u/]/ aLrsf] af6f]
cKgfpF 5 g\ , å} t jfbL jf
;dGjojfbL x'g\ . cfbz{jfb /
ef}ltsjfb b'a}y/L s'/f dfGg]
ePsfn] Tof] bz{gnfO{ å}tjfbL jf
;dGjojfbL elgG5 .
kl5Nnf] ;dosf] ef/tLo ;f+Vo
bz{gn] k|s[lt / j:t' b'a}nfO{ /
o'gfgdf c/:t'n] O{Zj/ tyf kbfy{
b'a}nfP klxnf] atfPsf 5g\ .
cfw'lgs hd{g bfz{lgs sf06n]
Psflt/ kbfy{nfO{ dg jf ljrf/eGbf
aflx/ :jtGq ePsf] atfpF b }
ef}ltsjfbsf] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ eg]
csf]{lt/ ToxL kbfy{nfO{ hfGg, a'‰g
;lsGg eGb} c1]ojfbL / . cfbz{jfbL
ts{ klg u/] s f 5g\ . sltko
bfz{lgsx? pQm ljjfbdf t6:y / .
ckIfw/ aGb} cfPsf 5g\ .
bfz{lgs kmfF6df ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n]
klg oxL af6f] cKgfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
zf:qLo ;+zf]wgjfbsf l;4fGtsf/
ag{:6fOg x'g\ . pgL bz{gsf] If]qdf
sf06sf] kl5 nfu]sf lyP . pgn]]
;Qf / lrGtgnfO{ Ps} v fnsf
atfPsf lyP . To;kl5sf
;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] hutsf] cflbs/0f
ef}ltsjfb / dfgl;s b'a} x'g] s'/f
atfPsf 5g\ / j:t'nfO{ c1]o jf
hfGg, a'‰g ;lsGg eg]sf lyP .
bz{ g zf:qsf] Oltxf;df
cfbz{ j fbn] zf] i fsju{ s f] /
ef}ltsjfbn] zf]liftju{sf] kIf lnb}
cfPsf 5g\ . aLrsf å}tjfbL /
;dGjojfbL bfz{lgsx?n] cfˆgf]
P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{df cfbz{jfb -
cfWofTdjfb_ t'ngfdf s]xL k|ultzLn
v]n] tfklg tL klg d"ntM cfbz{jfbs}
>] 0 fLdf kb{ 5 g\ . o;} u/L hlt
3'dfp/f] s'/f u/] klg ;+zf]wgjfbLx?
klg cfbz{jfbleq} kb{5g\ . cfbz{jfb
/ ef}ltsjfbafx]s aLrsf l;4fGtsf]
vf; cy{ 5}g .
xfdLn] o;sf] klg cWoog ug{'
kb{5 ls bz{gzf:qsf] Oltxf;df
k[YjL, hn, t]h, k/df0f' jf s'g} ef}lts
j:t'nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] :jt:k"mt{
ef}ltsjfb b]vf k/]sf] lyof] . ;fdGtL
o'usf] cGTodf kbfy{nfO{ k|fyldstf
lbFb} oflGqs ef}ltsjfb hlGdof] .
o;n] kbfy{nfO{ t ultzLn dfGof]
t/ To;nfO{ oflGqs ?kn] lnPsf]
lyof] ] / To;sf] ;+ 3 if{ z Ln, Pj+
kl/jt{gzLn rl/qnfO{ 7Dofpg ;s]g
/ Tof] ef}ltsjfbL clwe"tjfbsf]
lzsf/ ePsf] lyof]] .
k' F h LjfbL o' u df ;j{ x f/f
cfGbf] n gsf] hGd / lj1fgsf]
ljsf;sf] k|ultsf] sf/0f åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbsf] hGd eof] / oxL g}
ef}ltsjfbsf] cGo ?k eGbf a]Un} /
qmflGtsf/L bz{g aGg k'Uof] . åGåfTds
ef} l tsjfbn] ;a} cfbz{ j fbL
ljrf/x?sf] lj/f]w u/L ultzLn
kbfy{nfO{ k|fylds bhf{ /fVg k'u]sf]
5 . o;sf] b[li6dg ultsf] cefjdf
kbfy{ / kbfy{sf] cefjdf ultsf]
sNkgf ug{ ;lsb}g . ultsf] csf]{
gfd cGtlj{/w xf] . ha s'g} j:t'nfO{
To;sf] ult jf cGtlj{ / f] w af6
cnUofOG5, To; j:t'sf] d[To' x'G5 .
ult / . kbfy{ cgflb Pj+ cgGt
5g\ . oL b'a} g hGdG5g\ g db{5g\ .
clkt', cgflb / cgGt lbzf / sfnsf]
k|jfxdf nuftf/ ljsl;t / kl/jlt{t
eO/xG5g\ .
xfdLn] h'g rLhnfO{ 1fgLGb|Lodfkm{t\
hfGg, a'‰g ;Sb5f}+, h'g lrhsf]
nDafO, df]6fO, rf}8fO jf ef/ -jhg_
x'G5 / h'g rLhsf] cl:tTj dfG5]sf]
r]tgf aflx/ :jtGq?kn] ljBdfg 5
ToxL g} kbfy{ xf] .
x:taxfb'/ s]=;L=
cfsfzLo lk08sf
u'?Tjsif{0f;DalGw oflGqs ult, tfk,
k|sfz jf ljB't r'DasLo t/+ux?,
/f;folgs ;+of]u / ljof]u ljleGg
k|0ffnL / jg:kltdf ljBdfg ;]nsf
hLjg;DaGwL kf/dfl0fs ult
;fdflhs Joj:yf Pj+ x/]s j:t'df
kfOg] cGtlj{/f]wx? kbfy{sf ultsf
ljleGg ?k x'g\ .
kbfy{ h8 xf]Og, ultzLn 5 eGg]
s'/f k/df0f'sf] cWoogaf6 :ki6 x'G5 .
On]S6«fg] , k|f6] f]g / Go"6f« g] af6 k/df0f'
aGb5 . oL tTjx? ultzLn 5g\ /
kbfy{ :jo+ ultzLn x'g] ePsf]n] To;nfO{
ult k|bfg ug]{ s'g} cnf}lsstTj jf
O{Zj/sf] cfjZostf x'bF g} / r]tgf
;+;f/sf] cflbs/0f xf]Og .
1fg – bz{ g sf] If] q df
cfbz{jfbLx?n] j:t'hutnfO{ OGsf/
u/L k/dr] t gfaf6 k| f Kt ljz' 4
ljj]s, j]b, wd{zf:q cflbdf k|oQ ' m
O{Zj/Lo pkb]z jf lbJok'?ifsf
jf0fLx?nfO{ ;Rrf 1fg dfGb5g\ .
pgLx¿n] Jojxf/nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbg
k'Ub5g\ / To;k|sf/sf] cnf}lss jf
ljz'4 ljj]sdf cfwfl/t 1fgnfO{ k"0f{
1fg 7fGb5g\ / O{Zj/ k|flKt jf k/d
tTjsf] ;fIffTsf/nfO{ g} 1fgsf] ;Ldf
atfpFb5g\ .
o;sf] ljk/Lt åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbn] 1fg]Gb|Lodfkm{t\ k|fKt x'g]
j:t'ut tYodf cfwfl/t 1fgnfO{ g}
k|dfl0ft 7x¥ofpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;To
/ c;TonfO{ 5'6o\ fpg] s;Lsf] ?kdf
Jojxf/nfO{ lnG5g\ . Jojxf/df O{Zj/,
k/dr]tgf jf cGo cnf}lss zlQmsf]
cl:tTj gx'g] ePsf]n] pgLx¿n]
tdfd cj:t'jfbL tYoxLg s'/fsf]
lj/f]w ub{5g\ .
pgLx¿ k|sl[ t / j:t'ut ;+;f/
:jof\ c;Lldt / nuftf/ ljsl;t
Pj+ kl/jlt{t x'g] ePsf]n] 1fgsf]
If] q nfO{ klg ck" 0 f{ / c;Lldt
atfpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] k|fKt 1fgnO{
;Lldt jf ;fk]Iftf / lg/k]Iftf
b'a}df hf]8 lbG5g\ .
5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{ l;4fGt /
Jojxf/aLrsf] åGåfTds Pstf g}
dfS;{jfbL 1fg–l;4fGtsf] ;f/ xf] .
tbg';f/ pTkfbgsf nflu ;+3if{,
j}1flgs k|of]u Pj+ ju{;3+ if{sf cg]sf}
Jojxfl/s cg'ejsf qmddf l;4fGt
aGb5 / To;n] km]l/ Jojxf/ s} ;]jf
ub{5 . kbfy{af6 r]tgf / r]tgfaf6
km]l/ kbfy{ eg]sf] oxL xf] . o; cy{df
dfS;{jfb ;r]t 9+un] b'lgofF abNgsf
nflu k|o'Qm x'g] 1fg xf] .
cfrf/bz{gsf] If]qdf cfbz{jfb
wd{, sd{, O{Zj/, JolQmk"hf, of}g
pR5[+vntf, bAa'kgf, >dk|lt 3[0ff,
hfnem]n, zf]if0f, lglZqmotf, lg/f;f,
knfog, JolQmut :jfy{ cflb
d"NodfGotfx?df cfwfl/t x'G5 .
cfbz{jfbLx?n] To;k|sf/sf d"No–
dfGotfx?nfO{ O{Zj/Lo cfb]z, :yfoL,
kl/jt{gxLg / ju{ Pj+ ;dfh lg/k]If
dfGb5g\ .
o;sf] 7Ls pN6f] åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbLx?n] pQm ;fdGtL k'h F LjfbL
g}lts d"No–dfGotfx?sf] lj/f]w ub}{
g}ltstfnfO{ kl/jt{gzLn tyf ju{
Pj+ ;do ;fk]If dfGb5g\ .
pgLx¿n] o;} w/tLnfO{ ;DkGg
agfpg] >d / >ldsx?sf] sb/ ug],{
juL{ o Odfgbf/L, ;fd' l xstf /
cg' z f;gtkm{ Wofg lbg] /
;j{ x f/fju{ s f lxt / p2] Z ok| l t
lgi7fjfg /xL To;sf] hu]gf{ ug]{
s'/fdf hf]8 lbG5g\ .
pgLx¿ hLjgk|lt cfzfjfbL eO{
cGofo / zf]if0fdf cfwfl/t ;dfh
Joj:yfsf] Wj+ ; zf] i f0f/ljxLg
;dfhsf] l;h{gftkm{, ;r]t, ;+ul7t
/ lqmofzLn x'G5g\ .
;dfhbz{ g sf] If] q df
cfbz{jfbLx?n] Oltxf;sf] lgdf{0fdf
hgtfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ nTofO{ O{Zj/Lo
zlQm, s'g} dxf/fhf jf jL/ k'?ifx?sf]
e"ldsfnfO{ k|wfgtf lbG5g\ .
pgLx¿n] zf]if0f, JolQmut nfe
/ cGofodf cfwfl/t k|ltlqmofjfbL
Joj:yfnfO{ :yfoL ;DemL ltg}nfO{ g}
l6sfpg] / hgtfnfO{ ;a} clwsf/af6
al~rt u/L ju{ ; dGjosf] /fu
cnfKg] ub{5g\ .
o;sf] ljk/Lt sfn{ dfS;{ -@*!
– !**#_ / k|m8] l/s P+uN] ; - !*@)
– !*(%_ n] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbnfO{
Oltxf;df k|of]u u/L Oltxf;sf]
ef}ltsjfbL wf/0ff / cltl/Qm d"Nosf]
l;4fGtsf] vf]h ug{e ' of] .
o; wf/0ffcg';f/ ;fdflhs ;Qf
;fdflhs r]tgfsf] cfwf/ xf] / ;d:t
;fdflhs qmflGt / kl/jt{gsf] d"n
sf/0f To; o'usf] bz{g xf]Og, cy{
Joj:yfdf kfOG5, Oltxf; lgdf{0fdf
s'g} cnf}lss zlQm jf slyt jL/
k' ? ifx?sf] xf] O g, >dzlQm jf
hgtfsf] e" l dsf k| w fg x' G 5 /
ju{ ; sGx sf/0f zf] i fsju{ n ]
zf]liftju{nfO{ bjfpg] .
;fwgsf] ?kdf /fHo;Qfsf] hGd
ePsf] xf] . k'h F LjfbL ;dfhdf ljBdfg
;fdflhs pTkfbg / JolQmut ljt/0f
k4lt tyf k'h F Lklt / ;j{xf/f ju{aLrsf]
;+3if{af6 clgjfo{?kn] gofF hgjfb x'bF }
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb hGdG5 .
JolQmut ;DklQ / cltl/Qm
d" N osf] zf] i f0f g} ju{ ; dfhsf
cfwf/lznf x'g\ / tL ;a} s'/fsf
lj?4 ;j{xf/fju{n] qmflGt ub{5 /
ju{ Pj+ /fHo;Qfsf] hGd, ju{;+3if{,
Oltxf;df an k|of]usf] e"ldsf,
;j{xf/f clwgfosTj Pj+ To;cGtu{t
qmflGtsf] lg/Gt/tfaf/] dfn{ dfS;{,
k|m8] l/s P+uN] ;, eL=cfO{= n]lgg, dfcf]
T;]t'ªn] h'g s'/f atfpg' ePsf] 5,
tL ;dfhbz{gsf dxfg\ pknlAw x'g\ .
oL pknlAwx?sf] /Iff / ljsf;
ug]{ / j}1flgs 9+un] sfo{Gjog ug]{
P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ cfh dfS;{jfbL
– n]lggjfbL – dfcf]jfbL sDo'lg:6
qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6x¿sf] sfFwdf
cfPsf] 5 .
lgrf] 8
o; cfn]vdf bfz{lgs kmfF6df
bz{gsf b'O{ l;4fGt cfbz{jfb /
ef}ltsjfbsf ;du| kIfdf ljZn]if0f
ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . /, bz{g
cToGt} uxg tyf hl6n ljifo
ePsf]n] bz{gsf af/]df cyf{t\ hLjg
/ hutsf] af/]df hfGg rfxg], a'‰g
rfxg] / abNg rfxg] / bz{gsf]
kmfF6sf If]qdf cWoog, cWofkg ug{
rfxg] ;j{;fwf/0f ;d]tnfO{ ;lhnf]
xf];\ eg]/ ;/n efiff / zAbfjnL
tyf kbfjnL /fVg] clwstd k|oTg
ul/Psf] 5 .
5
hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf kIfkftL ‘Rofª lrª’sf] hLjgL
Rofª lrªsf] hGd ;g\ !(!) df rLgsf] ;fgt'ª k|fGtdf ePsf] lyof] .
pgsf] kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf cToGt} sdhf]/ lyof] . pgsf afa' df6fsf
efF8fx? agfpg] sfd uy]{ . pgsf afa' lgs} l/;fxf :jefjsf lyP . k};f
sdfpg g;Sbf pgnfO{ lgs} l/; p7\g] uYof]{ . kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ s'6/] l/;
zfGt agfpFy] . Rofªsf] kl/jf/n] lgs} lbg ef]sefs} klg a:g'k/]sf] lyof] .
Tolt w]/} sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf x'bF fx'bF } klg pgnfO{ :s'n hfg] ca;/ ldn]sf]
lyof] . o;af6 pgL lgs} v';L b]lvlGyg\ . Toltv]/ :s'ndf sGˆo'l;o;sf]
g}ltstfsf] kf7 Psf]xf]/f] ?kdf k9fOGYof] pgn] cfFvc } ufl8 >ldsx?nfO{ wgL /
7"nf egfpFbfx?n] a]:sg lk6]sf] b]vs ] L lyOg\ . To;f] t pgL klg ToxL ju{sL
lyOg\ . To;sf/0fn] klg :s'ndf 3f]sfOg] sGˆo'l;o;sf] g}ltstf pgnfO{ dg
kb}g{ Yof] . dg nfUbf gnfUb} klg pgn] k|fylds tx;Ddsf] lzIff k"/f u/]/}
5fl8g\ . ha pgL !% jif{sL eOg\, PsfPs pgsf] ?lr gf6slt/ uof] . To;}n]
pgL gf6\ozfnfdf egf{ eOg\ . pgL gf6\o ;d"xaf6} ufpFufpF k'uL ;8s gf6s
b]vfpg] sfd ug{ yflng\ .
;g\ !(#! df Rofª jfdkGyL gf6ssf/x?sf] ;d"xdf cfj4 eOg\ . Toltv]/
s]xL ;do pgn] ljZjljBfnosf] k':tsfnodf sfd ug]{ df}sf kfOg\ . To;
;dodf rLgdf hfkfg, hd{gLh:tf b]zn] sAhf hdfO/x]sf lyP . lab]zL
x:tIf]ksf sf/0f rLgdf w]/} gsf/fTds ;d:ofx? b]lvPsf lyP . Rofª afXo
x:tIf]ksf sf/0f b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?sf] v'n/] } lj/f]w uly{g\ . lj/f]wsf nflu
pgn] s]xL ;fyLx?;Fu ldn]/ …;d'bL| lsgf/L gf6\o;d"xÚ vf]lng\ . r]tgfd"ns
gf6s b]vfpg pgL ufpFufpF;Dd k'Ug yflng\ . pgn] b]vfpg] gf6sdf ;lhnf] /
;a}n] a'‰g] u/L lab]zL x:tIf]ksf] la/f]w ul/Psf] x'GYof] . pgn] pQm
gf6\o;d"xdfkm{t w]/} gf6sx? b]vfOg\, ;d;fdlos / hNbfaNbf ljifox? p7fOg\,
h;n] ubf{ Tof] gf6\o;d"x 5f]6f] ;dod} lgs} rlr{t eof] . ;g\ !(## lt/ pgL
rLgs} ;fª3fO{ dxfgu/df sfd ug{ yflng\ . ToxfF klg pgn] gf6s;Fu ;DalGwt
sfdx? ul/g\ . Tof] zx/df klg pgn] lab]zLsf] 7f8f] x:tIf]ksf] la/f]w ul/Psf
gf6sdf clego ul/g\ . o;/L pgL jfdkGyLx?sf] larf/;Fu;Fu} lxFl8/x]sL
lyOg\ . dlxnfx?df ;r]tgf eg{ klg pgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xGYof] . dlxnfx?sf
nflu v'ns ] f] /fqL kf7zfndf pgn] s]xL ;do k9fpg] klg sfd ul/g\ . Pslbg
ToxfF /x]sf snsf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ dhb'/x?;Fu s'/fsfgL ub}{ lyOg\ . dhb'/sf
kIfdf af]Ng] pgL ToxLFaf6} kqmfp kl/g\ . h]nd'Qm ePkl5 pgn] n' ;'g k|lti7fgn]
;~rfng u/]sf] ;flxTo / snfdf klg cfa4 eOg\ . ToxfF sfd ubf{ub}{ rLgsf
k|l;4 sDo'lg:6 g]tf dfcf];uF pgsf] e]6 eof] .
dfcf]n] ;f]xL k|lti7fgdf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ff /fVy] . Rofª To;nfO{
a8f] rfvsf ;fy ;'Gg] uly{g\ . dfcf];Fusf] ;Dks{af6} b]zsf] /fhgLlts
cj:yfaf/] pgn] w]/} s'/f yfxf kfOg\ . snf / ;flxTodfkm{t\ df6f] / hgtfnfO{
;r]t agfpFb} lxF8g\ ] pgdf /fhgLltlt/ rf;f] a9\g yfNof] . To;s} l;nl;nfdf
pgn] ^ dlxg] ;}lgs tflnd klg lnOg\, ;fy} n]lggjfbsf af/]sf uDeL/
cWoog klg ul/g\ . pgL dfcf]sf] dg kg]{ laBfyL{ lyOg\ . To;}n] pgLx?
aLrsf] ldqtf cToGt} ulx/f] x'g k'Uof] .
dfcf] / lrofª lrª Ps;fy
Pp6} larf/ / p2]Zo af]s/] lxF8g\ ] dfcf] / RofªaLr ;g\ !(#( df ljjfx
;DkGg eof] . ljjfxkl5 Rofªn] dfcf]nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ yflng\ . pgL dfcf]sL lghL
;lrj eP/ sfd ug{ yflng\ . snf, ;flxTo / /fhgLltnfO{ klg a'em]sL pgn] oL
tLgj6} If]qdf lg/Gt/tf lbOg\ . pgn] hfkfgLx?sf] ;Ldf cltqmd0fsf] ljifonfO{
lnP/ gf6sdf ;a}eGbf ;zQm ?kdf p7fPsL lyOg\ . To;sf cu|ufdLx?n]
pgsf] sfdnfO{ lgs} k|z; + f u/] . rLgsf] o]gfg eGg] 7fpF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] s]Gb|sf
?kdf kl/lrt lyof] . clwsf+z sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ ToxLF a;]/
sfd uy]{ . Tof] yfxf kfP/ tTsfnLg k|ltudgsf/L /fhg]tfx?n] o]gfgdf /x]sf
sDo'lg:6x?nfO{ l;Wofpg] of]hgf agfP . geGb} ;g\ !($& sf] dfr{ dlxgfdf
o]gfgdf ;/sf/L ;]gfn] cfqmd0f u¥of] . g]tf dfcf] / pgsf ;xofqLx? o]gfg
5f8]/ cGoq} hfg afWo eP . o]gfg 5f8]/ klg dfcf]n] lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{
alnof] agfpg w]/} hg;d"xx?nfO{ e]nf u/fpFy] . rLgdf ;g\ !($( cS6f]a/df
dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] sf]ldG6fª kf6L{sf g]tf Rofª sfO;]ssf]
g]tT[ jdf /x]sf] k|lts[ofjfbL ;QfnfO{ ;z:q o'4åf/f k/f:t u/L gofF hgjfbL
qmflGt ;DkGg u¥of] . qmflGt ;DkGg ePsf] b'O{ bzs glaTb} dfcf]n] ;fF:s[lts
qmflGtsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/L of]hgf agfpg] sfd u/] . To; qmflGtdf d'Vo
e"ldsf g]t[ Rofªn] v]lng\ . ;g\ !(^^ b]lv …x]8 Sjf6{/df ad jiff{ u/Ú eGg] d"n
gf/fsf ;fy ;fF:s[lts qmflGtsf] yfngL eof] . Tof] gf/fn] lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
leqsf k'h F LjfbLx?sf] dg xNnfOlbof] .
cfˆgf] Hofg ;d]tnfO{ hf]lvddf /fv]/ Rofªn] ;fF:s[lts qmflGtnfO{ cl3
a9fOg\ . pgL hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf kIfkftL lyOg\ . hgjfbL ;+:s[lt lgdf{0fdf
cfdo'jfx?nfO{ nfUg pgn] 7fpF7fpFdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf cfd;efx?df efif0f
lbOg\ / o'jfzlQmnfO{ xf};nf lbO g} /lxg\ . Pscsf{nfO{ x/lx;fan] ;xof]u ug]{
Rofª / dfcf]n] Pskl5 csf]{ ;kmntf kfpFb} uP . ;g\ !(&^ df dfcf]sf] lgwg
eof] . dfcf]sf] lgwgkl5 Rofªsf la/f]wLx?n] pgLdfly w]/} cf/f]kx? nufP .
pgLx?n] …dfcf]la/f]wL cfOdfO{Ú eg]/ Rofªsf] s'/f sf6\g yfn] . pgn] To;sf]
k|ltjfb ul/g\ . ToxL qmddf pgL km]l/ kqmfp kl/g\ . RofªnfO{ cg]s k|sf/sf
cf/f]kx? nufOP . Ps lx;fan] dfcf]sf] lgwgkl5 pgL a];fxf/fh:t} eOg\ .
pgnfO{ dfgl;s oftgf lbg k6s–k6s cbfnt nfg] sfd eof] . t/, ;fg}bl] v
;‹if{ ub}{ cfPsL pgn] To:tf cf/f]kx?nfO{ 7f8} c:jLsf/ ul/g\u/: . pgn]
;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] lj/f]wdf h]naf6} wfjf af]lng\ .
pgsf] cfjfhaf6 8/fpg] ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] pgnfO{ h]nd} /flv/fv] . lgbf]i{ f
Rofª h]n k/]sf] s'/f ljZjel/ g} km}lnof] . ;+;f/el/sf >ldsju{ / ;dfhjfbL
cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx?n] pgsf] lz3| l/xfOsf] dfu u/] . ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] cGofola?4
7fpF7fpFdf ljzfn h'n; ' x? lgl:sP . t/ klg ;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] RofªnfO{ h]nd'Qm
u/]gg\ . ;+zf]wgjfbLx?sf] ;/sf/n] RofªnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd h]ndf /fv]/ zf/Ll/s
/ dfgl;s oftgf lbO{ g} /Xof] . h]ndf s;};uF klg pgnfO{ e]6g\ lbOPg . vfgf
/ kfgL;d]t vfg glbO{ pgnfO{ h]ndf /flvPsf] lyof] . pgL PSn} clGtd ;do;Dd
klg To;sf] ljkIfdf af]ln/lxg\ . pgn] la/f]w u/]sfn] h]nd} k|x/Lx?n] pgnfO{
s'6g\ ;Dd s'6] . kl5 t pgnfO{ af]Ng klg lbOPg . d'vdf k§L afFw/] h]nsf] cFw/] f]
sf]7fdf pgnfO{ n8fOPsf] lyof] . o;/L oftgf lbP/ RofªnfO{ !% jif{;Dd h]ndf
/fv]kl5 ;g\ !((! df h]nleq} pgsf] xTof eof] . Pshgf dlxnfb]lv 8/fpg]
;+zf]wgjfbLx?n] xTof geP/ cfTdxTof eGg] b'ik|rf/ u/] . t/, cfTdxTof eGg]
s'/fnfO{ ;+;f/n] ljZjf; u/]g . ;+;f/n] g} pgsf] xTof ePsf] eGb} cfPsf] 5 .
xTof xf] ls cfTdxTof xf] To;sf] k'li6 cem} ePsf] 5}g . h] eP klg pgL ;+;f/af6
labf eP/ uOg\ . t/, pgn] rLgsf] P]ltxfl;s ;fF:s[lts / /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf
k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] hlt sb/ u/] klg ck"0f{ g} x'g5 ] .
…;+;f/ xNnfpg] ;+3if{zLn dlxnfx?Ú k':tsaf6
 6 @)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
jL/hª\u M cljrlnt qmflGtsf/L g]tf
z/b cf]nL
g]kfnsf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf]
qmflGtsf/L wf/fsf] g]tT[ jdf ;xefuL x'bF }
cgj/t¿kdf qmflGtdf cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{
hLjgnfO{ ;dlk{t ug],{ cys qmflGtsf/L
g]tf Pjd\ s'zn cleefjs rGb|axfb'/
rGb …jL/hª\uÚ sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf
Pp6f :yflkt gfd xf] . @)!& kmfNu'g
& ut] sDo'lg:6 e"ld /f]Nkfsf] u|fdL0f
e]udf ePsf] xf] . jL/hª\u ;DkGg
kl/jf/df hlGdg'ePsf] lyof] . kfl/jfl/s
lx;fan] ;DkGg kl/jf/df hGd] klg
pxfFdF f qmflGtsf/L ljrf/ / efjgfn] k|l] /t
lyof]] . cfˆgf] l;ª\uf] kl/jf/nfO{ !) jif{sf]
dxfg\ hgo'4df ;xefuL agfpFb,} # bfh'
efO g} juL{o d'lSt cfGbf]ngdf ;dlk{t
x'ge' of] . s= jL/hª\usf] sfG5f efO xfd|f]
hglk|o kf6L{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
dxf;lrj s= ljKnj x'gx' G' 5 . xfn
dxf;lrj s= ljKnj kf6L{, qmflGt, b]z
/ hgtfsf] kIfdf lg/Gt/ PsLs[t
hgsflGtsf] g]tT[ j ul//xg'ePsf] 5˜ .
s= jL/hª\u;Fu d]/f] klxnf] k|ToIf
e]63f6 @)%& ;fnsf] r}tdf g]skf -
dfcf]jfbL_ sf] P]ltxfl;s bf];f| ] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo
;ldltn] gofF gLlt of]hgf kfl/t u/]sf]
lyof], h;df hgo'4nfO{ Jofks lj:tf/
ug{ ag]sf cfwf/ Onfsf k|rf/ Onfsf,
Zj]t–Onfsfx¿ lyP . kf6L{ s]Gb|Lo
;ldltn] cfwf/ Onfsfaf6 hgo'4 lj:tf/
ug{ ;ª\u7g / hg;]gfx¿ k"j–{ klZrd
km}nfpg] of]hgf agfPsf] lyof],] h;df
cfwf/ Onfsfaf6 ;]gf ;ª\u7g
:yfgfGt/0f x'g] of]hgf lyof] . @)%&
;fndf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] bf];f| ] /fli6«o
;Dd]ng …dxfg\ cu|ufdL 5nfª /
Oltxf;sf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostfÚ gfds
b:tfa]h kfl/t ePsf] lyof] . @)%&
;fn r}tdf cfwf/ If]q ?s'd lhNnfaf6
xfdL ;ª\u7g / ;]gf u/L $@ hgf
sd/]8x¿ ljz]if If]q cfwf/ Onfsf;Fu
hf]l8Psf] lhNnfx¿ afUn'ª, DofbL,
d':tfª h;df # lhNnf hf]l8P/ Pp6} ^
g+= lhNnf ag]sf] lyof] . xfdL wf}nflu/L
If]qdf @)%& ;fndf :yfgfGt/0f eP/
cfpFbf s= jL/hª\u pSt ^ g+= lhNnfsf]
;]s6] /L x'gx' G' Yof] . @)%& sf] /fli6«o
;Dd]ngsf] efj ;Dk|i] f0f sfo{qmd cufl8
afUn'ª lhNnfsf] klZrdIf]q af]afªdf
sd/]8 jL/hª\u;Fu :jfut tyf kl/ro
sfo{qmddf e]6 ePsf] lyof] . s=
jL/hª\usf] hf]zhfu/, km'lt{nf] / xFl;nf]
;a}nfO{ slGeG; ug{ ;Sg] b[9tf /
lqmofzLntfn] xfd|f] l6dnfO{ pT;flxt /
cfslif{t u/]sf] lyof]] .
hgo'4 / jL/hª\u
…k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;QfnfO{ Wj:t ub}{
gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] af6f]df cl3 a9f}ÚF
eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy g]kfndf ;fdGtL
/fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Jo:yfsf] cGTo
ub}{ gofF hgjfbL /fHo;Qf :yfkgf ug{
b'O{ ljrf/, b'O{ ;Qf, b'O{ ;]gfsf]
cjwf/0ff;lxt k| l tlqmofjfbLsf
/fHo;Qfsf] cª\udf xdnf ub}{ @)%@
;fn kmfu'g ! ut] g]skf - dfcf]jfbL _
n] hgo'4sf] ;'?cft u¥of] . oBlk sd/]8
jL/hª\un] hgo'4 x'gk' j" { g} k'/fgf] ;Qfsf]
lx/f;t, h]n, oftgf / w/ks8
Joxf]l/;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . ;fy}, Ps bnLo
k~rfotL Joj:yflj?4sf] ;ª\3if{df klg
dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgefpg'ePsf] lyof] .
jL/hª\un] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] bf}/fgdf
;/sf/L hflu/ klg b'Ok{ 6s vfg'ePsf]
lyof] . s= jL/hª\us} egfOcg';f/
sf7df8f}dF f gfktf}n u'0f:t/ ljefu /
kl5 uflj;sf] ;lrj klg eP/ sfd
ug{e ' of] . Psflt/ ;/sf/L hflu/,
csf]l{ t/ b]z hgtfsf] qmflGtsf] kIfdf
;w}F lgi7fjfg\ eP/ cljrlnt eP/ sfd
ug{e' Psf] lyof]] . @)$# ;fndf /f]Nkfaf6
slknj:t' lzju9Ldf a;fOF ;/fO u/]/
;a} kl/jf/ cfO;s]kl5 klg lzju9Ldf
kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf /x]/ hgtfsf] g]tT[ j
ug{e' of] . kf6L{ gLltcg';f/ @)$& df
hgtfsf] dtaf6 ;+oS' t hgdf]rf{sf]
tkm{af6 lzju9Lsf] uflj;sf] cWoIfdf
lgjf{lrt x'ge' of] . cWoIf x'bF f klg kf6L{,
b]z, hgtf / qmflGtk|lt k|lta4 /x]/
lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn x'bF } cufl8 a9\ge' of] .
slknj:t'sf :yfgLo hfnL–km6fxfsf
lj?4 cfGbf]ngsf g]tT[ j ul//xg'eof] .
:yfgLo¿kdf ju{;ª\3if{sf] g]tT[ j ub}{ ´'§f
d'2f / lu/ˆtf/Lsf] s'g} kjf{x gu/L
b[9tfk"js { hgtfsf] sfddf vl6/xg'eof] .
kf6L{n] ju{;ª\3if{sf] tof/L k"/f ul/;s]kl5
hgo'4sf] ;'?cft eof] . kf6L{sf]
lg0f{ocg';f/ hgo'4sf] lj:tf/ ug{ kf6L{
sfddf ;lqmo x'ge' of] .
!) a;]{ hgo'4df nfdf] ;do
wf}nflu/Lsf] afUn'ª, DofUbL / d':tfªdf
lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{e' of], clxn] klg s=
jL/hª\unfO{ wf}nflu/Laf;L hgtf, ;lxb
kl/jf/, 3fOt] sfo{stf{ ;a}n] hgtfsf]
lk|o g]tf eg]/ ;D´G5g\l: . s=
jL/hª\un] hgo'4sf] a]nf afUn'ª,
DofUbLsf] lhNnf kf6L{df lhNnf ;]qm]6/L
x'bF f pTkfbg u/]sf sfo{stf{ clxn] sf]xL
dGqLb]lv ;f+;bnufotsf ljleGg
lgsfodf k'us ] f 5g\ eg] s]xL sd/]8x¿
;lxb x'ge' Psf] 5 t s]xL sd/]8x¿
3fOt] x' g ' x ' G 5 . sltko rlr{ t
snfsf/;d]t 5g\ eg] sltko clxn]
klg lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf kIfdf k"0f{sfnLg
eP/ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf] 3/–
3/df k'Ug] hgtfsf] dg–dgdf /xg]
jL/hª\u wf}nflu/Ldf hgo'4sf] g]tT[ j
ug]{ / lj:tf/ ug]{ Pp6f s'zn g]tT[ j,
s'zn sdfG8/sf] ¿kdf kl/lrt
x'gx' G' 5 . /fhgLlts If]qdf klg ljlzi6
Ifdtf /fVg'sf ;fy}, kmf}hL If]qdf klg
Pp6f s'zn sdfG8/sf] g]tT[ j ug]{
qmflGtsf/L g]tf jL/hª\unfO{ ;a}n] ;fx;L,
s'zn, lgi7fjfg\, Odfgbf/ g]tfsf] ¿kdf
a'‰y] . vf;u/L, wf}nflu/L If]qnfO{
hgo'4sf] Tof] prfOdf k'¥ofpg] /fhgLlts
If]q / kmf}hL If]q b'ja} f6 ;kmn agfpg]
g]tT[ j s= jL/hª\u xf] . :yfgLo hfnL
km6fxf, ;LcfO{8L, ;"bvf]/x¿ jL/hª\usf]
gfd ;'Gbf g} ys{dfg x'Gy] . jL/hª\u
kmf}hL sf/afxLsf] klg g]tT[ j ug{e' Psf]
lyof]] . DofbLsf] aflaofrf}/, afUn'ªsf]
Ujflnrf}/, lejfvf]nf, DofUbLsf] a]gL /
kfNkfsf] tfg;]gnufotsf bh{gf}F 7fpFdf
;kmntf k|fKt u/fpg] s'zn sdfG8/
klg xf] . pxfFF s}of}kF 6s 3fOt] klg
x'gk' ¥of] .
a]gL n8fOFsf] df]rf{df @)%( r}t
!( df ;/sf/L kmf}hsf] x]lnsK6/af6
xfg]sf] uf]nL v'§fdf nfu]sf] lyof] . uf]nL
krfpFb} To;sf] kjf{x gu/L le8Gtdf
uDeL/ 3fOt] sd/]8x¿sf] pkrf/ /
Joj:yfkgdf v6\ge' Psf] lyof]] . a]gL
le8Gtaf6 kms{gq] mddf af6f]sf ljleGg
7fpFdf le8Gt eO/x]sf lyP . sd/]8
jL/hª\u a]gL le8Gtdf a6flnog
sld;f/sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf x'gx' G' Yof] eg] d
afUn'ª lhNnf kf6L{df sfo{/t lyPF . kl5
u08ssf ;Dk"0f{ la/fdL sd/]8x¿nfO{
! dlxgf pkrf/ u/fpg d Joj:yfkgd}
v6]sf] lyPF . a]gLaf6 kms{gq] mddf ePsf]
le8Gtdf xfd|f s]xL xf]gfxf/ sd/]8x¿
;lxb x'gk' ¥of] . jL/hª\u 3fOt] x'gx' G' Yof]
t/ cfk"m 3fOt] x'bF f klg cleefjssf]
lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] .
kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] 9f8df 6]s/] 6fpsf]df xfGg]
s]Gb|Lo of]hgfcg';f/ *) k|ltzt e"uf]n,
hg;Qf / hg;]gfsf] lgoGq0fdf lyof]]
eg] afFsL @) k|ltzt ;x/ / ;b/d'sfd
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;Qfsf] lyof] . afFsL @)
k|ltzt e"uf]nnfO{ ;d]t lgoGq0fdf lng
sf7df8f}s F f] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf sAhf ug{ ;x/df
s]lGb|t x'g] / lj:tf/ x'g] of]hgf cfof] .
s= jL/hª\u ;]gfsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 @)^!
;fndf ¿kGb]xLsf] lhNnf OGrfh{sf]
lhDd]jf/Ldf ;?jf x'ge' of] / d klg
afUn'ªaf6 :yfgfGt/0f eP/ kfNkf,
¿kGb]xL cfP;Fu} km]l/ /fhgLlts df]rf{
/ kmf}hL df]rf{df ´g} glhsaf6 ;xsfo{
ug]{ cj;/ dnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] lyof]] .
nuQ}, zflGt ;D´f}tf eO;s]kl5 d
klg ¿kGb]xLd} :yfgfGt/0f eP/ lhNnf
;ldltdf sfo{/t lyPF . s= jL/hª\u
¿kGb]xL OGrfh{sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf x'gx' G' Yof] .
!) jif{sf] hgo'4sf] /fhgLlts df]rf{ /
kmf}hL df]rf{df nfdf] ;xsfo{ / w]/} s'/f
s= jL/hª\uaf6 d}n] l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt
u/]sf] lyPF .
/fhgLlt tyf j}rfl/s g]tf
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfbsf]
l;4fGtnfO{ cfTdf;ft\ ug] { /
dfn]dfjfbnfO{ g]kfnL df}lnstfdf k|of]u
ug{k' 5{ / g]kfndf tyf hgjfbL /fHo;Qf
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug{k' 5{ eGg]
c8fg s= jL/hª\udf lyof] . j}rfl/s /
/fhgLlts b[li6sf]0f :ki6 x'gx' G' Yof] .
@)%( df wf}nflu/Laf6 :yfgfGt0f eO{
hgd'lSt ;]gfsf] a6flnog sld;f/
x'ge' of] . hgd'lSt ;]gfdf sl/a tLg
jif{ sld;f/ eO;s]kl5 @)^! ;fndf
¿kGb]xLsf] OGrfh{sf lhDd]jf/Ldf
x'gx' G' Yof] . nuQ} kf6L{n] /fHo ;ldltsf]
cjwf/0ff NofPkl5 cjw /fHo ag]kl5
slknj:t'sf] lhNnf OGrfr{ x'bF } klxnf]
;ljwfg;ef @)^$ df slknj:t'af6
pDd]bjf/ eO{ r'gfj n8\ge' Psf] lyof] .
lgjf{rgdf pxfFF yf]/} dtfGt/n] k/flht
x' g ' e Psf] lyof] . slknj:t' s f]
lhDd]jf/Ldf /xFb} @)^( df cjw
/fHosf] tkm{af6 g]tT[ jbfoL e"ldsfdf
x'gx' G' Yof] . hlta]nf g]skf dfcf]jfbL
lyof]] . @)&! gofF kf6L{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL
ag]kl5 PsLs[t hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzf
cufl8 al9;s]kl5 n'lDagL Ao'/f]sf]
OGrfh{ x'bF } kLaLPd tyf klZrd sdf8
OGrfh{sf] lhDd]jf/Ldf x'gx' G' Yof] .
/fhgLlts If]q / kmf}hL If]q b'ja} f6
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ubf{ /fKtL, wf}nflu/L,
n'lDagL / u08sLsf lhNnfnufot
ljleGg lhNnfdf sfo{If]qdf eP/ dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf lgefpg'eof] . s= jL/hª\u s'zn
;ª\u7ssf] ¿kdf kl/lrt x'gx' G' Yof] .
g/d hgz}nL, nrs, Jojxf/, r':t
sfo{zn} L, hg;]jf, hg>ddf ;xefuL
x'g] k|lta4 g]tf x'gx' G' Yof] . hgtf, sfo{stf{,
ljBfyL{, lzIfs, a'l4hLjL ljleGg tx /
tKsfsf hgtfsf] dflg;nfO{ k|efj kfg]{
Ifdtf lyof] . kf6L{af6 cfPsf] of]hgfx¿,
gLltx¿, a}7sx¿, e]nf, ;Dd]ngx¿
hg;efx¿df kf6L{sf] wf/0ffx¿nfO{ JoSt
ug{ ;Sg] s'zntf klg lyof] . ju{kl| t
Odfgbf/ x'gx' G' Yof] . g]kfn sDo'lg:6
cfGbf]ngdf wf]sf, u2f/L, lj;h{g,
blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wglj?4 v/f] plqg'xG' Yof] .
pxfFnF ] jt{dfg bnfn k'h F Ljfb ;+;bLo
Joj:yfsf cGTo ;ª\3if{af6 PsLs[t
hgqmflGtaf6 eP/ 5f8\5 eGg'xG' Yof] .
;'wf/jfbL af6f]af6 xf]Og eg]/ ;w}F xfdLnfO{
k|lzlIft ul//xg'xG' Yof] .
cGt/;ª\ 3 if{ / kf6L{ lgdf{ 0 fdf
jL/hª\u
@)^@ df r'gafª a}7s ;DkGg
eO;s]kl5 kf6L{n] cGtl/d ;/sf/,
;+ljwfg / nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf
ug{ cufl8 a9\g] lg0f{o eof] . k|r08sf]
b:tfa]hdf xfdL nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf
6]s/] hgjfbL u0ftGqdf hfG5f},F a'hj' { fx¿
a'hj' f{ u0ftGqlt/ n}hfg rfxG5g\ eGg]
lyof] . cGttM hgjfbL u0ftGqlt/
guP/ k'/fg} gfd ePsf] ;+;bLo a'hj' { f
u0ftGq / ;+ljwfg;efaf6 hgtfsf]
hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f klg klg ePg . ´g\
kf6L{ zflGtk|lqmofdf @)^# df ;dfj]z
eO{ !@ a'bF ,] * a'bF ] zflGt ;D´f}tf /
;]gf ;dfof]hg;lxtsf] unt sbd
k|r08n] rfln;s]kl5 s= jL/hª\un]
pSt k|lqmofsf] lj/f]w / xfdLnufotn]
k| r 08sf] hgo' 4 lj;h{ g ug] {
cfTd;dk{0fjfbL k|jl[ Qsf lj?4 n8\of}F .
vf;u/L, @)^% sf] v/Lkf6L e]nfaf6
kf6L{leqsf] cGt;{ª3\ if{sf] ;'?cft ePsf]
lyof] . k|r08sf] /fhgLlts–j}rfl/s
ljrnglj?4 ;ª\3if{ ;'? eof] . ;fy},
afnfh'sf] kfFrf}F lj:tfl/t a}7s;Dd
cfpFbf ;ª\3if{ rs{b+ } uPsf] lyof] . @)^^
;fndf kfn'ª6f/df ePsf] 5}6f}F lj:tfl/t
a}7sdf # j6f b:tfa]h cfPsf lyP .
sd/]8 k|r08, sd/]8 ls/0f / afa'/fdsf]
# b:tfa]hdWo] s= jL/hª\unufot
cjw /fHosf] ax';ª\Vos g]tf–
sfo{stf{n] sd/]8 ls/0fsf] b:tfa]hnfO{
;dy{g u/]sf lyof}F .
kf6L{leqsf] cGt;{ª3\ if{ pTsif{df
k'us ] f] lyof]] . k|r08–afa'/fdn] hgd'lSt
;]gfsf] lj36g u/]kl5 @)^( c;f/ @
ut] Pdfcf]jfbLaf6 ;DaGw–ljR5]b ub}{
ls/0fn] g]tT[ j u/]sf] g]skf–dfcf]jfbL
u7g ul/Psf] lyof]] . cGt;{ª3\ if{sf] /
kf6L{ lgdf{0fdf s= jL/hª\u v/f] ¿kdf
plqg'ePsf] lyof] . @)^( k';df & cf}F
dxflwj]zg ;DkGg eof] . s= ls/0fsf]
g]t[Tjdf @ jif{ kf6L{ rNof] . of]
cjlwe/df klg kf6L{leq r/d
cGt;{ª3\ if{ rln/Xof] . s= ls/0fsf] g]tT[ j
eO;s]kl5 qmflGtsf] g]tT[ j / qmflGtsf]
kxnsb\dL, qmflGtsf] 7f]; tof/L geO{
;s]kl5 d"n g]t[Tj g} cGof]n /
csd{0otfdf kml;;s]kl5 @)&!
dª\l;/df s= ls/0f;Fu ;DaGw–ljR5]b
u/L kf6L{ cnu ePsf] 3f]if0ff eof] .
@)&! k';df ;DkGg k|yd /fli6«o
e]nfaf6 ljKnjsf] g]tT[ jdf PsLs[t
hgqmflGtsf] gofF sfo{lbzf cufl8
a9\of] . sd/]8 jL/hª\un] ljKnjsf]
g]t[Tjdf cufl8 a9]sf] PsLs[t
hgqmflGtleq b]lvPsf] cj;/jfb,
;+;b\jfb, blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb /
bnfn k'h F Ljfblj?4 ;zSt¿kdf k|:t't
x'g] g]tf x'gx' G' Yof] .
sd/] 8 jL/hª\ u af6 l;Sg' k g] {
ljlz:6 u'0fx¿
j}rfl/s tyf /fhgLlts b[li6sf]0fdf
k|:6 dfS;{jfb n]lggjfb–dfcf]jfb /
ljrf/ l;4fGtk|lt b[9 s'zn ;ª\u7s,
lg0fo{df b[9tf, Jojxf/df nrstf ;fx;L
;xLnfO{ ;xL / untnfO{ unt eGg]
k|:6 jStf ;xgzLn, w}ot{ f, ;D´f}tfxLg
;ª\3if{ ug]{ Ps s'zn cleefjs, ;fbf
hLjg, pRr ljrf/ ju{bZ' dgk|lt 3[0ff
ug],{ ju{;ª\3if{df k|lta4 x'g] Odfgbfl/tf,
;/ntf, kf/bzL{, lgM:jfyL{, ;xof]uL /
;fd"lxstfdf v';L x'g] 7f]; kl/l:yltsf]
7f]; ljZn]if0f u/L j:t'jfbL of]hgf lgdf{0f
ug]{ / sfof{Gjogdf hfg] / kl/0ffd Nofpg]
kf6L{, qmflGt, b]z, hgtfk|lt ;w}F jkmfbf/
/ lgi7fjfg\ lg/Gt/ ;lqmotf,
lqmofzLntf, h'´f?, n8fs'kg eO/xg'
c;n sDo'lg:6df x'gk' g]{ u'0fx¿–
g}ltstfjfg\, cfbz{jfg\, w}o{tf,
;xgzLntf / gd| af]Ng] hglk|o g]tf
;+jfb / clGtd e]6
s= jL/hª\u;Fu @)%& ;fndf
ef}lts ¿kdf lrghfg ePkl5
/fhgLlts ofqfdf sl/a @! jif{ ;xsfo{
eof] . d}n] jL/hª\unfO{ afUn'ª x'bF } kf6L{
g]tfsf ;fy}, xfd|f] cleefjssf] ¿kdf
a'´k] l5 !) jif{sf] hgo'4df /fhgLlts
df]rf{ / kmf}hL df]rf{df pxfF;F uF nfdf]
;xsfo{ ´g} ;xh} h:tf] eof] .
zflGtk|lqmof kf6L{leqsf] cGt/;ª\3if{df
pxfFs} ;Nnfxdf ;xof]uL eOof] . ;w}F
cj;/jfb, knfogjfb, xLgtf, lg/fy{
/ ;+zf]wgjfb, ljleGg / qmflGtlj/f]wL
k|jl[ Qlj?4 n8\g ;w}F k|l] /t ug{x' G' Yof] .
xfd|f] kf6L{dfly k|ltaGw nufO;s]kl5
klZrd sdfG8 OGrfh{ x'bF f /fKtL Ao'/f]sf]
a}7sdf ;xefuL ePsf] a]nf s]kL cfnL
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/n] lu/ˆtf/ u¥of] .
klxn]bl] v g} d'6s ' f] ;d:ofn] lgoldt
cf}ifwL vfO/xg'x'GYof] . w]/} k6s
c:ktfndf pkrf/sf nflu pxfF; F uF
;xof]uL ag]/ uPsf] 5' . bfªsf]
kqmfpkl5 ljleGg lhNnfdf 3'dfP/
sf7df8f},F lrtjg, k/f;Lnufot bh{gf}F
lhNnfsf h]n–lx/f;tdf /flvof] . sf]le8
dxfdf/Ldf pxfFnF fO{ sf]le8sf] la/fdL klg
x'ge' of] t/ /fHon] pkrf/df s'g} jf:tf
u/]g . :jf:Yo cj:yf ´g} lalu|bF } uof] .
d}n] @)&* r}t $ ut] lrtjg
sf/fuf/df uP/ e]6s ] f] lyPF . :jf:Yodf
sfo{If]q x'bF f k|foM w]/} ;]N6/ x'g] 3/ d]/f]
;;'/fnL 3/ ;f;', ;;'/f;Fu kmf]gdf afUn'ª
;'wf/ ePsf] s'/f /fVg'ePsf] lyof]] . d}n] lhNnfsf :yflkt g]tf eLd 3tL{ …sd/]8
kf6L{sf] l:ylt, # a'bF ] ;xdltnufotsf] bf?0fÚ d]/f] ;flxFnf h]7fg x'gx' G' Yof], hf]
cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPF / a]gL n8fOFdF f ;lxb x'ge' of] . xfdL b'Ol{ ar
:jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf / ljz]if Vofn ug{ :jf:Yo ;'wf/ ePkl5 afUn'ª hfg] ;Nnfx
cg'/f]w klg u/]sf] lyPF . jL/hª\u s]xL klg eof] . d}n] pkrf/nfO{ l56f] cufl8
lbgkl5 k/f;L sf/fuf/af6 5'6g\ e' of] . a9fpg'kg]{ ;'´fj lbPF /, æl5§} pkrf/df
nuQ}, d pxfFs F f] 3/ slknj:t' lzju9L hfg'xf];\ jL/hª\u ;/Æ eg]sf] lyPF .
e]63f6 u/L l/xfOsf] nflu awfO{ lbPF . t];f| ] lbgdf slknj:t' 3/ hfg'eof] .
pxfFnF ] Tof] e]63f6df :jf:Yo cj:yf w]/} 3/lt/ uP/ ;/–;Nnfx u/]/ sf7df8f}F
;'wf/ gePsf] s'/f ug{e' Psf] lyof] . pkrf/sf nflu hfg] ;Nnfx eof] . kl5
cfb/0fLo g] t f jL/hª\ u cfˆgf] pkrf/sf] nflu sf7df8f}F xl:k6ndf
hLjgsfndf bh{gf}Fk6s lu/ˆtf/, ´G8} Ps dlxgf pkrf/df nfUg'eof]
h]ng]n ef]u/] klg g´'Sg] alnof] c8fg t/ d}n] kmf]gdf s'/f ubf{ ;'wf/ gePsf]
ePsf JolStTj xf] . kl5 pxfFs F } lgjf; va/ ug{e' of] . d}n] æ;'wf/ x'G5 ;/,
lzju9Ldf e]6b\ f æa'6jndf pkrf/df lgsf] x'G5, gcflQg' xf]nf ;/Æ eg]sf]
hfg' k nf{ z/bhLÆ eGg' x ' G Yof] . lyPF . kl5 yk pkrf/sf] qmddf lbNnL
kl5Nnf]k6s r]sckdf cfpFbf pxfFs F f] hfg] ;Nnfx eof] . eL8Lcf] sndf s'/f
Hj/f] /f]lsPsf] lyPg . d}n] g} lqmd;g eO/xGYof] . kl5 lbNnLl:yt DofS;
c:ktfn dl0fu|fddf d'6/' f]u ljz]if1;Fu xl:k6n hfg'eof] . ToxLFaf6 eL8Lcf] sndf
r]scksf nflu lnP/ uPsf] lyPF . s'/f eO/xGYof] . d'6s ' f] ck|;] g eO;s]kl5
8fS6/n] d'6s ' f gnL aGb ePsf] l5§} klg pxfFsf] :jf:Yo ;'wf/ x'g ;s]g .
ck|;] g ug{k' 5{ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbPsf] lyof] . pkrf/s} qmddf @)&* c;f]h @* ut]
To;nuQ} d]/f] 3/d} -a'6jn ^_ df # pxfFsf] csNkgLo lgwg eof] . xfdL ;a}
lbg;Fu} a:of}F . /fhgLlts, kfl/jfl/s :tAw eof}F Û dgdg} eGof}–F tkfO{s + f afFsL
5nkmn tyf s'/fsfgL eP . afUn'ªsf / cw'/f sfo{ k"/f ug]5{ f}+ .
xf] sd/]8, o;/L ;dfhjfb cfp“bg}
v] d /fh ;L
xf] sd/]8,
cld|;f] a]r]/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
lsgls ltdLh:tf kf}/vxLg 5f]/f hlGdPkl5
u}/L v]t clg af/L–kfvf ;a} afFemf] x'g' k5{
clg xfd|L cfdf
Ps 5fs vfg / Ps;/f] nfpg
wgf9\osf cfFugdf lev dfUg hfg} k5{
xf] sd/]8,
s'v/' f, ufO{e}+;L / aË'/ kfn]/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
lsgls
ltdL h:tf o'jf cs}n { ] kfn]sf] s'v/' f / aË'/ n'6/] df;' vfg kNs]kl5
clg cs}{n] kfn]sf] ufO{e}+;Lsf] b"w rf]/]/ lkpg kNs] kl5
af–cfdf ;fx"–dxfhgsf] uf]7fnf] ga;L sxfF k]6 kfNg ;S5g\ t <
xf] sd/]8,
wfg /f]k]/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
lsgls ltdLh:tf] o'jf lxnf] / w'nf]b]lv tl;{P kl5
cfˆgf] k]6 kfNg ljb]zlt/ wl;g] ePkl5
;dfhjfb sxfF cfpF5 t
To;}n] xfd|f ;Gtfgx? hldgbf/sf aGbsL ga;L sxfF x'sg{ ;S5g\ / <
xf] sd/]8,
>d u/]/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
lsgls ltdL h:tf o'jfn] >d ug{' x'Fb}g
n'6kf6 / rGbf p7fP/ hLjg rnfpg' k5{
kl;gf r'xfP/ xf]Og c?sf] /ut r';]/ afRg' k5{
;'6a'6df ;lhP/ efif0f 7f]Sb} lxF8\g' k5{
xf] sd/]8,
ldgL df6{ agfP/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
a? c?n] agfPsf] klg eTsfpg' k5{
adn] p8fp5' eGb} rGbf c;'n]/ aGb u/fpg' k5{
cfˆgf] a}+s Aofn]G; a9fP/ qmflGtsf/Lsf] 9f]+u /Rg' k5{
xf] sd/]8,
;+zf]wgjfbLx¿;Fu df]rf{ agfP/ ;dfhjfb cfpFb}g
pgLx?nfO{ abNg] ?kfGt/0f ug]{ / ;dfh abNg] xf]Og
ltdLh:tf h8\;q' jfbLtfdf /dfpg' k5{
dfS;{jfbsf l;4fGt 3f]Sb} Aofaxf/df ;fdGtL ;f]r /fVg' k5{
clg kf] ;dfhjfb cfp5
hxfF ltdL h:tf e|i6, /fi6« / hg3ftLsf] /fh rN5
;f]emf –;femf lgd'vf hgtf ef]s – ef]s} dg{' k5{
 @)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{sf] bfloTj
c;n dfG5] aGg] xf] xfd|f] nIo
b]zsf] ljsf; ug]{ xf] xfd|f] st{Jo
b]zdf zflGt xfdL Nofpg] 5f}F
b]zsf] lxt xf];\ eGg] sd{ ug]{5f}F
lzIff ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/sf] klg
k"jf{wf/ xf] . hgzlQm lgdf{0fsf]
;'qfwf/ xf] . k|To]s JolQmdf cuDo
Ifdtf /x]sf] x'G5 . Tof] IfdtfnfO{
zf;sn] lzIffnfO{ ;fwg agfP/
cfˆgf] lxt / :jfy{ cg's'n k|of]u
u5{g\ . cf}krfl/s ¿kdf k];f g}
cWoog ug] { ePsf] hLjgsf]
cj:yfnfO{ ljBfyL{ hLjg elgG5 .
of] ;dofjlwdf k|dv ' sfd k9\g] g}
xf] . To;f] x'g'sf] sf/0f eljiodf
cfk"mn] ug]{ k];fsf nflu of]Uotf
xfl;n ug{'kg]{ x'gfn] tof/Lsf] nflu
cWoog Jojl:yt / pkof]uL x'gk' 5{ .
ljBfyL{ hLjgdf cWoogsf] ljifo
;"rLdf k|fyldstfsf ;fy 5gf}6 ug]{
sfd cToGt dxTjsf] x'G5 . clxn]sf]
j}1flgs o'udf w]/} ljifo cWoog ug{
cfjZos eP klg cfˆgf] eljio ;kmn
kfg{ ljifo 5gf}6n] dxTj /fVb5 .
/fHo;Qf ;DkGg ju{sf] xftdf
ePsf] sf/0fn] lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ ;a}
hgtfsf nflu ;dfg Jojxf/ / ;dfg
lsl;dsf] Joj:yfkg x'gk' g]d{ f ;DkGg
ju{sf nflu / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf
nflu leGg lsl;dn] juL{ o
:j¿kcg';f/ ;~rfng ul/Psf]
x'G5 . To;sf] ;f]emf] c;/ /f]huf/Ldf
k5{ . ;DkGg ju{sf nflu pRr
;'ljwf;lxtsf] /f]huf/d"ns / af}l4s
>d ug{ ;Sg] k|fljlws lzIffsf]
Joj:yf x'G5 eg] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu cJojl:yt /
lgDg:t/sf of]Uotf ljsf; x'g] /
k|lt:kwf{df ;dfg of]Uotf x'g g;Sg]
u/L lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] kf7\oqmd /
Joj:yfkg lglZrt ul/Psf] x'G5 .
To;}n] ;DkGgju{sf ljBfyL{n] /
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf]
cj:yf x]/L cWoogsf ljifo 5gf}6
u/]/ hLjg ;kmn / pknlAwd"ns
agfpg'k5{ . ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
cfDbfgL yf]/} x'g] ePsf] x'gfn] w]/}
nufgL u/]/ ;DkGgju{sf] x}l;ot x'g]
u/L Jojl:yt lzIf0f ;+:yfdf / pRr
k|lt:kwf{Tds af}l4s / k|fljlws
ljifosf] cWoog ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n]
ubf{ /f]huf/Lsf] Uof/]G6L x'g ;Sb}g .
Tolt dfq xf]Og, af}l4s / k|fljlws
If]qdf /f]huf/L x'g] of]Uotfsf] ljsf;
ug]{ cj;/ klg kfpGgg\ . kf7\oqmd
klg lgDg k|fljlws / af}l4s:t/sf]
x'G5 . af}l4s k|ltikwf{df lhTg ;Sg]
lsl;dsf cg} l ts k' F h LjfbL–
;fd|fHojfbLsf] bnfnL u/]/ u'hf/f
ug{k' g]{ ls zf/Ll/s ldlxg]t ug{k' g]{
cj:yf x'G5 . h'g;'s} sfd u/] klg
>dzlQm clwstd vr{ ug{k' g]{ t/
;'ljwf lgDg:t/sf] lng'kg]{ afWofTds
cj:yf x'G5 . To;f] ubf{ k'FhLjfbL
;dfhdf ;dfg of]Uotf / ;dfg
x}l;ot x'g ;Sg] ljifo 5gf}6 ug],{
t/ cfDbfgLsf] >f]t sdhf]/ x'g] ubf{
bnfnL ug{k' g]{ cyjf zf]lift x'gk' g]{
x' g fn] ;j{ ; fwf/0f hgtfsf
5f]/f5f]/Lsf nflu cfˆgf] of]Uotf
ljsf; / k|lt:kwf{df ljhoL aGgsf
nflu cWoogsf] ljifo 5gf}6n] a9L
dxTj /fV5 .
jt{dfg lzIff gLltsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] sdhf]/L l;4fGt / Jojxf/aLr
Ps¿ktf gx'g] / lzIff >d;Fu
ghf]l8Psf] x'g] xf] . sf]/f ;}4flGts
cWoog Jojxf/df ptfg{ g;lsg]
vfnsf] x'G5 . csf]{ s'/f, ;dfhdf
k/:k/ lj/f]wL ju{ ljBdfg ePsf],
;DkGg ju{ ;+Vofdf sd ePsf] / w]/}
;+Vofdf ePs ldlxg]tjz hgtfnfO{
zf]if0f u/]/ ;DkGg juL{o :jfy{ k"/f
ug{k' g]{ ePsf] x'gfn] ju{;‹if{sf] ljifo
hfgsf/L u/fOGg . To;} n ] ubf{
Jojxfl/s hLjgdf cfjZos kg]{
ljifo lzIf0f ;+:yfdf gk9fOg] /
k9fOg] ljifo b}lgs Jofjxfl/s
hLjgdf k|of]u x'g g;Sg] ePsf] x'gfn]
z}lIfs a]/f]huf/sf] ;d:of pTkGg
x'G5 . /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug]{ of]Uotf /
;Ë7g ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf sf/0f
u' h f/f rnfpg bnfnL ug{ ' k g] { ,
zf/Ll/s >d / Go"g kfl/>ldsaf6
cfjZostf k"/f ug{k' g]{ jf cg}lts
e|i6 sfd ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . o; ljifodf
;dod} ;r]t eO{ cfk"mn] cWoog
ug{'kg]{ ljifosf] hfgsf/L / ;Ël7t
k|oTgsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]/
ju{;‹if{ ug{'k5{ . ljifo 5gf}6 ubf{
;dfhsf] agf]6sf] tTsfnLg cj:yf,
hgtfsf] ef}lts hLjgsf] cj:yf /
zf]liftju{sf] x}l;otn] ug{k' g]{ k|sl[ t
lj?4sf] ;‹if{ tyf lj/f]wL ju{ lj?4
ug{'kg]{ ;Ël7t ;‹if{ b'j} kIfnfO{
Ps} ; fy cufl8 a9fpg k| o Tg
ug{k' 5{ . ;dfhsf ef}lts cfjZostf
k" / f ug{ pTkfbg sfo{ s f nflu
k| s [ l tsf lj?4 ul/g] ;‹if{ a f/]
hfgsf/L x'gs ' f ;fy} csf{sf] >daf6
pTkfbg ePsf ;' l jwfx¿ >d
gul/sg jf sd >d u/]/ pRr
;'ljwf pkof]u u/]sf lj/f]wL ju{sf]
lj/f]wdf rnfO{g] ju{;‹if{ b'j} kIfsf]
cWoog ug]{ u/L ljifoj:t' 5gf}6
ug{k' 5{ . ef}lts cfjZostf k"/f ug{
pTkfbg ;‹if{df s[lif pTkfbg jf
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg;DaGwL hgtfnfO{
l;sfpg ;lsg] u/L hfgsf/L / >d
gul/sg jf tNnf]:t/sf] ;'ljwf
pkof]u ul//x]sf cyjf ug{ k|oTg
ul//x]sf zf]if0f ju{ lj?4 ;Ël7t
k| o Tg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf klg
hgtfnfO{ ;r]t / ;Ël7t kfg{ ;lsg]
ljifoj:t'sf ;fy} clxn]sf] j}1flgs
o'udf tL ljifodf ePsf cg';Gwfgsf]
k|of]u tLgj6} kIfsf] ljifoj:t'sf]
5gf}6 clgjfo{ ¿kdf ul/;Sg'k5{ .
s] j n Pshgfsf] dfq k| o Tgn]
pTkfbg, ljt/0f / pkof]u;DaGwL
sfd k"/f x'g ;Sb}g . To;sf nflu
;Ël7t k| o Tgsf] h?/L kb{ 5 .
;dfhdf ;Ël7t k|of; eO/x]sf] klg
5 . t/, tL sfd k"/f u/fpg] tl/sf
zf]if0fdf cfwfl/t eP/ k"/f eO/x]sf
5g\ . To;f] eGg'sf] cy{ Psflt/, a9L
kl/>d ug]{n] lgDg:t/sf] ;'ljwf
pkef]u ug{ kfpg] afWofTds cj:yf,
csf]l{ t/ >d gug]{ cyjf lgDg:t/sf]
>d u/]/ klg pRr:t/sf] ;'ljwf
pkef]u ul//x]sf] cj:yf xf] . oL b'j}
sfd k/:k/ lj/f]wL ju{sf] cl:tTj
ePsf] / nfdf] ;dob]lv ;DkGgju{sf]
xftdf /fHo;Qf ePsfn]
ljkGgju{ d fly zf;g ul//x] s f]
Joj:yf x'gs
' f] sf/0fn] xf] . ;DkGgju{n]
JolQmut ;DklQsf] sf/0fn] zf]if0f ug{
;kmn ePsf 5g\ eg] ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtf ;Ël7t k|oTg ug{ g;s]sf
sf/0fn] zf]lift eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ljBfyL{ hLjgdf Psflt/, lzIf0f
;+:yf jf ;/sf/n] tf]ss ] f kf7\oqmd
/ kf7\ok':ts clgjfo{ ¿kn] cfˆgf]
:t/cg' ; f/ cWoog t ug} { k 5{ ,
To;sf ;fy} eljiodf a]/f]huf/
gaGgsf nflu ju{;‹if{ / pTkfbg
/fs]z ;L
;‹if{ b'jn} fO{ Ps;fy cufl8 a9fpg
tL ljifosf] cWoog clgjfo{ ¿kdf
u/] / ;Ël7t ¿kdf ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfg vf]Hg'k5{ . To;f] ubf{ ls;fg
/ dhb'/sf] cj:yf klxrfg u/]/
pgLx¿sf] ;fy;fy} cfk"mn] pgLx¿sf]
;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf
v] N g;Sg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{
;Sg'k5{ . To;sf nflu ;d:of
ls;fg–dhb'/af6 a'‰g] / ;dfwfg
;‹if{sf] ;Ël7t k|of;af6 cEof; ug]{
ug{' clgjfo{ x'G5 . k|s[lt lj?4sf]
;‹if{df hfgsf/L kfpg ;DalGwt
ljifosf j}1flgssf] cg';GwfgnfO{
cfˆgf] ;dfhsf] cj:yfdf k|of]u ug]{
/ ju{;‹if{sf] hfgsf/L kfpg dfS;{,
PË]N;, n]lgg, :6flng / dfcf]T;]tª' sf
cg';GwfgnfO{ cfˆgf] ;dfhsf] jt{dfg
cj:yfdf ;Ël7t ¿kn] k|of]u ug{
Wofg lbg'k5{ .
/fHo;Qf hgtfsf] kIfdf gePsf]
x'gfn] p;n] tf]ss ] f] kf7\oqmdaf6 cfk"m
/ cfˆgf] ;dfhnfO{ d'lQmsf] af6f]lt/
8f]¥ofpg ;lsGg . ljkGg ju{sf] x}l;tn]
ls;fg, dhb'/sf] ;d:of klxrfg u/L
;dfwfgsf] af6f] gb]vfpg] xf] eg] cfˆgf]
/ ;dfhsf] d'lQm ;Dej x'Gg . oL b'j}
kIf jt{dfg ;dfhsf k/:k/ lj/f]wL
kIf eP klg xfdLn] Totflt/ Wofg
lbP/ ;dfh kl/jt{g / /fHo;Qf
kl/jt{gdf of]ubfg lbg ;lsG5 .
dfgj ;dfhdf juL{o zf;g ;'? ePb]lv
g} ljkGgju{n] ;‹if{ u/]/ Joj:yf
kl/jt{g ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . bf;Joj:yf
bf;sf] ljb|fx] af6 kl/jt{g ePsf] xf] .
xfd|f] b]zsf] ;fdGtL Joj:yfsf] gfOs]
/fhtGq klg pTkLl8t g]kfnL hgtfsf]
;+oQ ' m k|oTgdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngaf6
x6]sf] xf] . jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ;DkGg
juL{o zf;g klg pTkLl8t g]kfnL
hgtfsf] ;+oQ ' m k|oTgaf6 x6\g afWo
x'g] 5 . To;sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{n]
cfˆgf] d'lQmsf ljifoj:t' 5gf}6,
cWoog, k|of]u / kl/jt{g ug{ ;Ël7t
k|of; ug{ h?/L 5 .
;dfh ljsf;sf] cfwf/ pTkfbg
k|0ffnL cyjf pTkfbg / ljt/0f ug]{
tl/sf xf] . oxL k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df
wd{, /fhgLlt / g}ltstf c8]sf]
x'G5 . pTkfbgdf j[l4 ug{ k|s[ltsf
lj?4 ;‹if{ ug] { l;k / bIftf
a9fpg'k5{ . ljt/0fdf ;'wf/ ug{
lj/f]wL ju{sf lj?4 ;‹if{ ug{ cyjf
>d gul/sg pRr ;'ljwfsf ;fy}
hLjg latfpg]sf lj?4 ;‹if{ ug]{
l;k / bIftfdf ljsf; ug{' h?/L
x'G5 . oL b'j} sfd PSn}sf] k|oTgaf6
k"/f x'g ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] Psflt/,
JolQmut ¿kdf k|s[ltsf lj?4 /
lj/f]wL ju{sf lj?4 ug]{ ;‹if{df l;k
/ bIftfsf] k| o f] u ug{ ' k 5{ eg]
csf]{lt/, ;fd"lxs k|oTgsf nflu
l;4fGt, /fhgLlt ;xL 5gf]6 ug{'sf
;fy} ;Ël7t ¿kdf ;‹if{ ug{
cg'zf;g / b[9tfsf] kl/rosf ;fy
hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf] ;xL kfngf
ug{k' 5{ . ;du|df hgtf;Fu ldn]/ jf
pTkfbs zlQm;Fu Psfsf/ eP/ cyjf
hgtfnfO{ ;r]t / ;Ël7t agfP/
cfˆgf] d'lQm hgtfsf] d'lQm;Fu hf]8/]
dfq ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 .
;dfhsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g u/]/
;dfhjfbL ;dfh :yfkgf ug{sf nflu
ljBfyL{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ ls x'Ggg\ eGg]
s'/fsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ dfkb08 :ki6
lgjf{rg vr{ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs gug]{ pDd]bjf/nfO{ sf/afxL Û
sf7df8f}F . lgjf{rg cfof]un] ut
d+l;/df ;DkGg r'gfjsf] vr{ ljj/0f
;fj{hlgs gug]{ pDd]bjf/nfO{ hl/jfgf
u/]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw;ef / k|bz] tkm{sf
u/L b'O{ xhf/ $#% pDd]bjf/nfO{ !%
xhf/ b/n] hl/jfgf ul/Psf] xf] .
pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ cfof]un] ut j}zfv
$ ut]sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ lgjf{rg vr{sf]
ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L
lbg lgb]z{ g lbOPsf] lyof] . tf]lsPsf]
;dofjlwleq lgjf{rg vr{sf] ljj/0f
;fj{hlgs gug]{ k|ltlglw;eftkm{sf Ps
xhf/ #& hgf / k|bz ] ;eftkm{sf Ps
xhf/ #(* pDd]bjf/nfO{ lgjf{rg -
s;"/ tyf ;hfo_, P]g @)&# sf] bkmf
#! sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd !% xhf/
¿k}ofFsf b/n] hl/jfgf ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
xf] . cfof]un] g]kfnL g]kfnL sf+u;]| sf
dxfdGqL Pjd\ k|ltlglw;ef ;b:o
uug yfkf, ljho uR5bf/, /fli6«o
5 . cfhsf ljBfyL{n] eljiodf
hgtfaLr s'g} Pp6f k];f clgjfo{
¿kdf ckgfpg' k 5{ . eljiodf
hgtfsf] kIfdf sfd ug]{ k];j] / JolQm
x'gsf nflu a'l4hLlj, dhb'/ jf
ls;fg eO{ sfd ug{ clgjfo{ x'G5 .
;f]em} dflysf tLg lsl;dsf] k];j] /
afx]s cfhsf] ljBfyL{n] eljiodf
h];s ' } sfd u/] klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
¿kdf ;DkGg juL{o x}l;otdf cyjf
ljkGg juL{o x}l;otdf ju{;‹if{df
;fd]n ePs} x'G5g\ . ju{;3+ if{df ljho
aGg ls t zf]ifsju{ aGg >dhLlj
ju{sf] zf]if0f a9fpg'k5{ ls >dhLlj
ju{sf] zf]if0f a9fpg'k5{ ls >dhLlj
ju{sf] ;]jf ug]{ xf] eg] ;Ë7g /
cg'zf;gsf] :t/ dfly agfpg}k5{ .
oL b'Od { Wo] Ps af6f] clgjfo{ ¿kdf
kf/ ug{'k5{ . egfOcg';f/ u/fO
cyjf l;4fGtcg';f/sf] Jojxf/ gug]{
xf] eg] p;sf x/]s s[ofsnfkn]
;DkGg ju{nfO{ / jt{dfg Joj:yfsf
;~rfnsnfO{ ;xof]u k'U5 cyjf
zf]if0f k|wfg Joj:yfsf] cfo' a9L nfdf]
x'G5 . To;f] eGg'sf] cy{ >dhLlj
ju{nfO{ cem} nfdf] ;do;Dd zf]if0fsf]
df/ vKg clgjfo{ x'G5 eGg] xf] .
To;}n] ljBfyL{ hLjgaf6} l;4fGt /
Jojxf/aLr km/s gkfg{ cWoog /
cg'zf;g tyf >d / g}ltstfsf]
ljrf/ u/L ljifoj:t'sf] 5gf}6 /
cWoog ug{ lgjfo{ x'G5 ;do d}
xfdLn] of] ;a} s'/f sf] dx;'; ug{
g;s]df oL bnfnx? xfd|f] d]xgt /
kl/>d dfly kfgL lkmg]{ 5g\ To;
:jtGq kf6L{sf ;f]ljtf uf}td, g]skf -
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k"jd{ V' odGqL z]/wg /fO{, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL
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kf]v/]n, vfg]kfgLdGqL dx]Gb|/fo
ofbjnufotsfnfO{ vr{ ljj/0f
ga'emfPsf]df cfof]un] hl/jfgf tf]ss ] f]
5 . dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sL g]t[ cf]g;/L 3tL{,
/fk|kfsf g]tf /jLGb| ld>, /f:jkfsf
/d]z v/]n, k'sf/ ad, ljj]szLn ;femf
kf6L{sf dxf;lrj /~h' bz{gf -Gof}kfg]_,
ljj]szLn ;femfs} ldng kf08], Pdfn]sf
g]tf ;j]G{ b| vgfn, /f:jkfsf ;f+;b
lzlz/ vgfn, u0f] z k/fh' n L,
lj/fheQm >]i7, dfcf]jfbL g]tf sNkgf
wdnf;lxtsf g]tf tyf ;f+;bsf] gfd
klg vr{ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs gug]s { f]
;"rLdf 5 .
o:t} cfof] u n] &$ hgf
pDd] b jf/;F u lgjf{ r g cfof] u n]
7
sf/0f xfdLn] cGofo / cTofrf/sf]
lj?4 cfjfh u'GhfPgf} eg] xfdLn]
w]/} Iflt Aoxf]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 xfd|f] ufpF3/
jl/kl/ rNb} cfPsf] kl/l:ylt cfh
klg xfd|f] ljBfyL{ lbbLalxgL /
bfh'efOx? vf8Lsf] nsf]{ nfu]/ hfg"
k5{ of] ug{'sf] sf/0f xfdLn] lnPsf]
lzIff /fHon] xfd|f] >d dfly hf]8\g
g;s]/ xf] ca o;sf] lj?4 clvn
qmflGtsf/Ln] ;+3if{do sfd ug{' k5{
To;}n] ;a} jfdkGyL nf]stflGqs
b]zeQm laBfyL{x? Psh'6 xf]cf}F b]zdf
ePsf ljleGg ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg
vf]Hgtkm{ nfUg' k5{ / xfdLn] xfd|f]
;dfhnfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{' k5{ xfdL
laBfyL{ xf] / laBfyL{df w]/} zlQm
x'G5 / of] s'/f P]ltxf;sf] kfgfx?
kN6fpg] xf] eg] klg ToxfF b]Vg ;lsG5
bz alif{o hgo'4df klg /fhtGq /
kGrfotLsfn h/} b ] l v ˆofF S g' d f
laBfyL{x?sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] .
?s'd klZrDsf] ;Gbe{df x]g{] xf]
eg] xfdLn] &@ j6f df=la / ##% j6f
cfwf/e"t ljBfnox? ;+rfngdf
cfPsf] b]Vg ;lsG5 t/ ljBfnodf
eg] xfdLn] sIff * b]lv dflysf] sIffdf
x]g{] xf] eg] ljBfyL{ ;+Vof yf]/} dfqfdf
e]l6G5g\ of] ;d:of cfpg'sf] sf/0f
/fHon] ljBfyL{ ;+/If0f ug{ g;s]sf]
s'/f xf] of] ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf]
lglDt xfdL ;a} laBfyL{x? clvn
qmflGtsf/Lsf] emG8f d'lg uf]na4 eP/
lab|fx] sf] cfjfh p7fpg h?/L x'G5 .
n]vs M clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ ?s'd
klZrdsf ;+of]hs x'g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f ;f]ws ] f] 5 . h;cGtu{t
k|ltlglw;ef lgjf{rgsf #& pDd]bjf/
/ k|bz] ;efcGtu{t #& pDd]bjf/nfO{
:ki6Ls/0f ;f]ws
] f] xf] . hl/jfgf nfu]sf
pDd]bjf/n] #% lbgleq /fh:j bflvnf
u/L To;sf] ef}r/;lxtsf] lgj]bg
lgjf{rg cfof]u jf ;DalGwt lgjf{rg
sfof{nodf k]z ug{ cfb]z lbg] tyf
lgjf{rg vr{sf] ljj/0f Ps ;ftf leq
;fj{hlgs u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt lgjf{rg sfof{nodf ;ft
lbgleq lgj]bg;lxt k]z ug{ k'gM
cfb]z lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . ;fy},
hl/jfgfjfktsf] /sd tf]lsPsf]
;doleq ga'emfpg] pDd]bjf/nfO{
tTsfn x'g] Ps lgjf{rgdf efu lng
gkfpg] u/L /f]s nufpg] / hl/jfgf
jfktsf] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n
pk/ ug{ s]Gb|Lo txl;n sfof{nodf
n]vL k7fpg] lg0f{o klg ePsf] 5 .
 8 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#÷@)^#÷^$
k|nf]egdf k/]/ ljb]z ghfg cfu|x ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{ df]rf{sf] 3f]if0ff x'b“ }
sf7df8f}F . k//fi6« dGqfnon] e"m6f
cfZjf;g / k|nf]egdf k/]/ j}bl] zs
/f]huf/Lsf nflu yfONof08 / Dofgdf/
ghfg cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon]
lj1lKt hf/L u/L kl5Nnf] ;do
yfONof08 / Dofgdf/df ;"rgf k|ljlw
-cfO{6L_ If]qdf cfsif{s /f]huf/L /
;'ljwfsf] k|nf]eg b]vfP/ g]kfnLnfO{
Dofgdf/sf] sflog k|fGtsf] Dofj8L nu]/
aGws agfO{ cj}w sfd ug{ afWo
agfOPsf] eGb} ;r]t /xg cfu|x u/]sf]
xf] . dGqfnon] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf
nufOlbg] jf o:t} cGo k|nf]egdf kf/L
7"nf] /sd lnO{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ljb]zdf
nu]/ cnkq kfg]{ Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
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sfo{ d f ;+ n Ug u/fpg] sfo{
sfg"gadf]lhd b08gLo ePsfn] o:tf
u}/sfg"gL sfd gug{ / o;tkm{ ;r]t
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o:t}, ljleGg k|nf]egdf k/L hfg]
g] k fnLnfO{ u} / sfg" g L ¿kdf
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;f] If]qdf n}hfg / /f]huf/bftfn] g]kfnL
/fxbfgL;d]t hkmt u/L b}lgs !@
306f;Dd cgnfOg 7uLnufot
u}/sfg"gL sfddf nufpg] u/]sf] a'lemg
cfPsf] dGqfnon] atfPsf] 5 .
ljb]zdf /f]huf/L ug{ hfFbf ko{6s
/ lelh6 le;fdf guO{ k|rlnt g]kfn
sfg"gadf]lhd >d :jLs[lt lnP/dfq
ljb]z hfg ;/sf/n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]z hfg'cl3
g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;DalGwt sfof{no
tyf ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL lgof]u;Fu ;Dks{
u/L /f]huf/bftf sDkgL / /f]huf/Lsf]
;dfhjfbL=====
ug{ ;dfhjfbL df]rf{ ag]sf] atfP .
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] ;dfhjfbdf
hfg @))^ ;fnb] l vsf ;a}
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u7gn] sDo'lgi6, qmflGtsf/L, zlQm,
k| u ltzLn, jfdkGyL, b] z eQm
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k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|,
PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL, hgtf ;dfhjfbL
kf6L{ / g]skf ;xefuL ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
dfq geO{ ;a} g]kfnsf sDo'lgi6,
qmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn zlQmx?nfO{
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u7g ePsf] atfP . pgn] eg] …of]
df]rf]nfO{ ;fF3/' f] 3]/faf6 x]g'{ x'bF g} ,
o;sf] p2]Zo ;a} ;dfhjfb rfxg]
zlQmnfO{ ;d]6g\ ] 5 . o;df Pdfn],
tyf sfF u | ] ; leqsf k| u ltzLn
;dfhjfbL klg cfpg ;S5g\ .Ú
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] g]kfndf
hgtfsf] ;Qf gcfPsf] / s]xL lglZrt
bnfnx?sf] xftdf dfq ;Qf cfPsfn]
hgtfn] u/]sf] cfzf k'/f gePsf]
atfP . pgn] g]kfndf j}1flgs
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;dfhjfbL u0ftGqfTds Joj:yf
g]kfndf :yfkgf gx'bF f;Dd g]kfnL
hgtfsf] rfxgf k'/f gx'g] 7f]sj' f ub}{
eg]– æg]kfndf bnfnx?sf] /fh 5,
of] hgtfsf] ;Qf xf]Og, of] ;Qfaf6
hgtfn] w]/} cfz ug{' Joy{ xf] . bnfn
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] ljsNkdf ;dfhjfbL
df]rf{ ag]sf] 5 . o;n] g]kfndf
;dfhjfbL u0ftGq Nofp5 . g]kfnsf
;d:ofx? ;dfwfg u5{ .Æ
k|jQmf k|sf08 ;Ln] b]zsf] cj:yf
hh{/ ePsfn] To;sf] g]t[TjbfoL
e"ldsf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] k'/f
ug{' kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] atfpFb} ;a}
sDo'lgi6x?sf] qmflGtsf/L Pstf
cfjZos ePsf] atfP . pgn] g]kfndf
ca ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] 7fpFdf g]kfnL
ljz]iftfsf] ;dfhjfbL u0ftGq :yfkgf
clgjfo{ ePsf] atfP .
ljeflht=====
Wofg lbg g;Sg', cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ ;fy
lbg] / sfof{Gjogdf v/f] ¿kdf p7\g
;Sg] l6dsf] lgdf{0f / ljsf; ug{ g;Sg',
j}rfl/s lx;fan] ljifonfO{ ltvf] agfpg]
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If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|åf/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
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u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] gSsnL /f]huf/Lsf
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u/]sf b]lvPsfn] o:tf e"m6f cfZjf;gdf
gkg{ ;d]t ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 .
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cnkq k/]sf g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] p4f/sf
nflu g]kfnl:yt cfkmGthg / g]kfnL
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g]kfnL b"tfjf;n] :yfgLo ;/sf/;Fu
;dGjo u/L s]xL ;+Vofdf g]kfnLsf] p4f/
ul/;s]sf] / yk g]kfnLsf] p4f/ ug]{
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;'/Iff dGqfnon] o'/f]kn ] L >d uGtJo
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lbPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] z'qmaf/ k|; ] ul/G5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt b]zsf]
lj1lKtdfkm{t\ cfsif{s ;]jf, ;'ljwfsf]
k|nf]eg b]vfO{ dfN6f, /f]dflgof, kf]Nof08,
kf]ru' { nnufotsf o'/f]lkog >d uGtJo
d'ns ' df /f]huf/L lbg] axfgfdf nfvf}F
?k}ofF 7uL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;"Id
cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] hfgsf/L lbFb}
c;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] cg'lrt
k|efjdf gkg{ ;'emfj lbPsf] xf] .
…c;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfsf]
cg'lrt k|efjdf gkg{ dGqfnosf]
cg'/f]w 5Ú, lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5, …btf{
ePsf Ohfht k|fKt ;+:yfdfkm{t\ jf
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ePsf] ;d]t atfP . pgn] g]kfnL
sDo' l g:6 cfGbf] n gsf] jt{ d fg
l:ylttkm{ ;+st] ub}{ lxhf] /fhgLlts
cy{zf:qsf] cfwf/df ;dfhnfO{
x]l/GYof] ca To;nfO{ e"/fhgLltsf]
cfF v faf6 x] g { h?/L 5 .
e"cy{/fhgLltsf] cfFvfaf6 x]g{'kg]{
atfP .
;f+;b\ e§n] g]kfnsf sDo'lg:6
kf6L{x?sf] ;dfhnfO{ a'‰g] ljutsf
dfGotfx?df kl/jt{g ug{' kg]{ eGb}
lj1fg k|lalwsf] cfhsf] ;dodf
g] k fnL ;dfhsf] ju{ ; + / rgf
ablnPsf]n] ca Ps cfk;df la/f]w
ug{e ' Gbf Ps sbd eP klg cufl8
a9\g] u/L ;f]Rg'kg]{df hf]8 lbP .
k|1f ejgsf] b]jsf]6f ;efsIffdf
ePsf] sfo{qmddf xl/ /f]sf, uf]lk/d0f
pkfWofon] l6Kk0fL u/]sf lyP eg]
sfo{ q mdnfO{ wgs' d f/L ;' g f/n]
;xhLs/0f u/]sL lyOg\ .
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
@)*) ;fn ;fpg !$ ut] cfOtaf/
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{, lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+ : yfg p7fPsf] dfu ;Daf]wg ug{k' g]{ eGb}
g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, g]skf PsLs[t dxf/fhuGhsf] u]6df l/n] cgzgdf pks'nkltnfO{ dfu kq a'emfPsf
;dfhjfbL / h;kfldn]/ ag]sf] al;;s]sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k/LIff lbg] lyP . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno cGtu{t
;dfhjfbL df]rf{ g]kfn;Da4 laBfyL{ jftfj/0f tof/ ul/lbg]af/] ljifodf ljleGg sn]hx?df MBBS/BDS
;+u7gsf] df]rf{sf] cfh cf}krfl/s 5nkmn ePsf] / oL s' / fx?df cWoog/t ljBfyL{x? bf];|f] jif{df
3f]if0ff x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;dfhjfbL barrier df k/]kl5 pgLx? @
laBfyL{ ;+u7gsf] df]rf{sf] 3f]if0ffsf] aif{b]lv Jofl/P/ k|0ffnL vf/]h u/]/
k" j { ; GWofdf zlgaf/ ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{n] k/LIff lbg kfpg' kg]{ geP
ljBfyL{ df] r f{ g] k fnsf ljBfyL{ sn]hn] lnPsf] k};f lkmtf{ lng' kg]{
g]tfx¿n] k|wfgdGqL k|r08;Fu e]6 dfu /fVb} r/0fa4 ;+3if{df 5g\ .
u/]sf lyP . pQm k|wfgdGqL;Fusf] xfn pgLx? lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog
e]6df g]skf clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;+:yfg l8gsf] sfof{no cufl8 &!
cWoIf k|sfz zfxL, dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| lbgb]lv l/n] cgzgdf 5g\ .
lgs6 clvn -qmflGtsf/L_ sL cWoIf rf/j6f kf6L{aLr ;dfhjfbL df]rf{
k~rf l;+ x , g] s kf P; lgs6 g]kfn lgdf{0fkl5 cfOtaf/ $ kf6L{
cg]/f:jljo"sf cWoIf ;'bz ] k/fh'nL lgs6 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx?n] nlntk'/sf]
/ ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf cWoIf lxdfno OlGhlgol/ª sn]h Rof;ndf
/d]z ofbjsf] ;xe)•:flutf /x]sf] !! ah] ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{ df]rf{ g]kfn
lyof] . e]6df d'Vou/L cfOtaf/ k|wfgdGqLn] ;sf/fTds /x]sf] clvn 3f]if0ff sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf
3f]if0ff x'g] ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{ df]rf{sf] -qmflGtsf/L_ sf cWoIf k|sfz zfxLn] 5g\ . cfOtaf/ x'g] pQm sfo{qmddf
sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqLnfO{ k|d'v hfgsf/L lbP . k|d'v cltlysf] ?kdf k|wfgdGqL
cltlysf] lgdGq0ff lbPsf], kl5Nnf] ut laxLaf/ ;dfhjfbL ljBfyL{ k| r 08, ljz] i f cltlyx? g] k fn
r/0fdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf df] r f{ s f g] t fx?n] lqe' j g sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf dxf;lrj ljKnj
b]lvPsf] nfk/afxL, kl/Iff, glthf ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt k|f=8f= ;L, g]skf -PsLs[t ;dfhjfbL_ sf
k|sfzgdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of,;]jf wd{sfGt af:sf]6fnfO{ e]6]/ d]l8sn cWoIf dfwj g] k fn / hgtf
cfof] u sf] ;d:ofaf/] hfgsf/L ljBfyL{sf] ;d:of tTsfn xn ug{ ;dfhjfbLsf cWoIf pk]Gb| ofbj /xg]
u/fPsf] / &! lbg b] v L ;Nnfx lbPsf] / e]6df pks'nklt atfOPsf] 5 . pQm 3f]if0ff sfo{qmddf
MBBS/BDS sf ljBfyL{x? cfk"mn] af:sf]6fn] k|wfgdGqL tof/ eP cfk"m b]zeQm, k|ultzLn, qmflGtsf/L,
kl/Iff lbg kfpg' kg] { geP tof/ /x]sf] cfZjf;g lbPsf lyP . /fi6«jfbL ljBfyL{x?,kqsf/ nufot
cfk"mx?af6 d]l8sn sn]h ;+rfnsn] lxhf] z'qmaf/ ;+oQ
' m ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ;a} n fO{ pkl:tlysf] lglDt
lnPsf] k};f lkmtf{ ug{' kg]{ dfu /fVb} MBBS/BDS cWoog/t ljBfyL{n] lgdGq0ff;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .
g]skf emfkfåf/f lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3nfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ r]tfjgL
sf7df8f}F . g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ asjf; lj1lKtsf] s'g} cy{ g/x]sf] phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .Æ
emfkfn] lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3nfO{ / o:tf lj1lKtdf hgtfsf] ;+s6 emfkf lhNnfdf log} ;xsf/L
sf/afxL ug]{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ;f] ;dfwfgsf] lglDt cxf]/fq vl6/x]sf] ld6/AofhL, n3'laQ / a}s + x?sf] rsf]{
kf6L{n] ;+3sf] st{'tk|lt uDeL/ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] gfd ghf]8g\ zf] i f0faf6 hgtfx?sf] hLjg
Wofgfsif{ 0 f ePsf] eGb} lj1lKt k|:tf]tfx?nfO{ uDeL/ r]tfjgL tx;gx; ag] s f] / phfl8Psf]
r]tfjgL;lxtsf] lj1lKt hf/L u/]sf] lbg rfxG5f}+ .Æ g]skfn] atfPsf] 5 . Gofosf] ;Dk"0f{
5 . ut ;fpg !) ut] emfkf lhNnf b]zdf olta]nf ljQLo ;+s6 9f]sfx? 9S9SofpFb} hgtf s]xL cfzf
;xsf/L ;+3n] k|]; lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ /x]sf] / gful/sx?sf] hLjg cfqmfGt / ck]Iff lnP/ kf6L{df cfOk'Ug] l:ylt
g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] gfd g} ls6fg ag]sf] a]nf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] gfddf ag]sf] / hgtfsf cK7\of/fx?nfO{
u/]/ sd{rf/LnfO{ wDsL lbPsf], cfly{ s n' 6 kf6 ul//x] s f gofF ;xh agfpg e"ldsf v]Ng' / hgtfsf]
tfnfaGbL ug{ vf]h]sf], sd{rf/LnfO{ cjtf/sf ;'b\vf]/x? hgtfaf6 k};f /Iff ub}{ hg;]jfdf nflu/xg' kf6L{sf]
dfgl;s tgfa lbPsf], cdof{lbt p7fpFb} cfˆgf] :jfy{ cg'sn ' ljleGg bfloTj /x]sf] g]skfn] atfPsf] 5 .
ultljlw u/]sf] h:tf cf/f]k nufpFb} If]qdf nufgL ul//x]sf] / hgtfsf] lj1lKtdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5–
sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug]{ r]tfjgL art lkmtf{ ;d] t gu/L pN6f] æxfdL xfd|f] bfloTjdf :ki6, b[9 /
lbPsf] lyof] . ;xsf/L ;+3sf] pQm eflu/x]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . hf/L k|lta4 5f}+ . ;xsf/L ;+3n] o;/L
lj1lKtsf] v08g ub}{ g]kfn sDo'lg:6 lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5– æhgtfsf] k};f wDsLk"0f{ lj1lKt lgsfn]/ gj;'bv \ f]/
kf6L{ emfkfsf OGrfh{ k|zfGt ;L / dfly /hfOF ul//x] s f ;xsf/L ;fx"sf] ?kdf cfk"mnfO{ lrlqt u/]/
;lrj ;~ho ;Ln] lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ ;+rfnsx? / ;+:yfx?sf] xs{tpk/ abgfdL sdfpg'eGbf ;d:ofx? s] x'g,
cfˆgf st{'tx?nfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ / s'g} lgodg 5}g . ;xsf/L l;4fGtsf] sxfFaf6 p7] / o;sf] ;dwfg s] x'g
hgtf dfly zf] i f0f / bdgsf] wHhL p8fP/ gj;'b\vf]/sf] ?kdf ;S5 eg]/ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a};Fu
jftfj/0f agfpg] sfd emfkf lhNnf pbfosf ;xsf/L ;fx"x?n] hgtfsf] 5nkmn ug{ ;'emfj lbg rfxG5f}+ .
;xsf/L ;+3 elgg] ;+:yfn] ub}{ aLrdf p7] s f ;+ s 6 / o;sf] cGtdf, sfg'gsf] xjfnf lbFb} hgtf /
cfO/x]sf] / ;f]xL k|sf/sf] sfdnfO{ ;dfwfgsf] kf6f] vf]Hg hgtfsf] ;+s6 Gofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf vl6/x]sf] kf6L{nfO{
k'gM bf]xf]¥ofPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;dfwfgsf] lglDt k|oTgzLn xfd|f] ;d]t wDsfpg] cGofok"0f{ Jojxf/nfO{
pgLx?åf/f hf/L lj1lKtdf kf6L{;uF 5nkmn ug{s ' f] ;f6f] sfg'gsf] sfod /fVg] xf] eg] o:tf t'R5 n'6/] f
elgPsf] 5– æhgtfsf] ;d:of / xjnf lb+b} wDsLk"0f{ lj1lKt k|sflzt xs{tlj?4 sf/afxL ;+rfng ul/g]
;+s6sf] cufl8 t'R5 k|ltt x'g] o:tf ug{n' ] ;xsf/L ;fx"x?sf] lalIfKttfnfO{ r]tfjgL lbg rfxG5f}+ .Æ
8]u+ Laf6 aRg] pkfox¿
Ø laxfg, lbpF;f] tyf ;fFemsf] ;dodf nfdv'§s] f] 6f]sfO{af6 8]u+ L nfUg ;Sb5 .
Ø nfdv'§a] f6 aRg k"/} zl// 9fSg] n'uf nufcf}+ .
Ø 3/, sfo{:yn / ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf kfgL hDg glbcf}+ .
Ø kfgL /fv]sf] efF8fnfO{{ 5f]k/] /fvf}+ .
Ø lbpF;f] klg nfdv'§] eufpg] w"k afnf}F / nfdv'§s ] f] 6f]sfO{af6 aRg] dnd
nufcf}+ .
Ø 3/leq nfdv'§] l5g{ g;Sg] u/L ‰ofn 9f]sfdf hfnL jf ;'Tg] a]nfdf em'n
nufP/ ;'tf}+ .
Ø cWofF/f s'gf–sfKrfdf ls6gfzs cf}iflw 5s{g] u/f}+ .
Ø sDtLdf xKtfsf] Ps k6s Po/ s'n/, kfgL 6\of+sL, k"mnbfgL, udnfdf /flvPsf
Kn]6x? /fd|/L ;kmf u/f}+ .
g] k fn ;/sf/
lj1fkg af]8{