Q7 (1)

Given is a chart depicting the averaged maximal temperature, in degrees celsius, measured on a monthly
basis in Australia in 2016. Specifically, data from three different cities were recorded, namely Melbourne,
Darwin and Perth.

Generally speaking, the highest temperatures in Darwin clearly outnumbered that in Melbourne and Perth.
Besides, some similarities could be spotted between Melbourne and Perth, with an observable decreasing
trend from January to July, closely followed by a gradual rise between July and December.

In Darwin, the greatest temperatures were rather stable throughout the year with mile fluctuations at above
30°C. It reached its lowest point at 30.5°C in July before hitting its peak in November at 33.3°C. Comparatively
speaking, the temperatures of Darwin at maximum exceeded that of Melbourne and Perth by at most twice,
specifically by 15.4°C and 11.7°C correspondingly.

Meanwhile, the temperatures tracked on the hottest days in both Melbourne and Perth readily descended in
the first half of the year, falling from 25.8°C to 13.4°C in Melbourne and 28.1°C to 18.8°C for Perth.
Nonetheless, a noticeable rebound could be observed in July, with a steady advance in temperature to 24.1°C
and 26.3°C by December in Melbourne and Perth accordingly. It is clear that the largest temperatures shown
in Perth are marginally greater than that in Melbourne, with an exception in March attributed to the fact that the
maximum temperatures logged in both cities was equivalent.

(242)
The graph below depicts the monthly averaged maximum temperature in degrees Celsius in Australia in 2016.
Data from three separate cities, namely Melbourne, Darwin, and Perth, were collected.

In general, the highest temperatures in Darwin considerably exceeded those in Melbourne and Perth.
Furthermore, a number of similarities can be observed between Melbourne and Perth, with a discernible
declining pattern from January to July, closely followed by a modest increase from July to December.

Temperatures in Darwin remained fairly stable throughout the year, with just slight fluctuations as of 30°C. It
dipped at 30.5°C in July before reaching a high of 33.3°C in November. In comparison, Darwin's highest
temperatures surpassed those of Melbourne and Perth by at least twice, 15.4°C and 11.7°C, respectively.

Meanwhile, temperatures on the warmest days in both Melbourne and Perth fell sharply in the first half of the
year, decreasing from 25.8°C to 13.4°C in Melbourne and 28.1°C to 18.8°C in Perth. Nonetheless, a
considerable rebound was observed in July, with temperatures gradually going up to 24.1°C and 26.3°C by
December in Melbourne and Perth, correspondingly. The highest temperature values reported in Perth are
evidently marginally higher than those shown in Melbourne, with an exception in March owing to the fact that
the maximum temperatures logged in both cities were comparable.
Q8 (1)

Given are two pie charts comparing the distribution of multiple causes of delays in flight in 2015 and 2016. It
should be noted that the data collected is from one of the countries in Asia.

Generally speaking, the chief explanation for flight delays in both years could be put down to airline operations
management, accounting for almost half of all rationales. Although there were some mild variations in terms of
the proportion of various justifications, it was a different story with the percentage for air traffic control, which
indeed went through a great alteration.

The number-one impetus behind flight delays were poor airport operations management in both years, forming
40% of the complaints in 2015 and 46% in the subsequent year. Next comes air traffic control, which
contributed a quarter of flight delays in 2015, closely followed by the contributory factor of bad weather at
precisely 21%. But this was not the case in 2016, with a stunning drop by 13% for ‘air traffic control’, ‘bad
weather’ came second instead, making up 23% of all cases.

Apart from a considerable drop in ratio for the ground of air traffic control between 2015 and 2016, delays
stemming from military factors also decreased by a negligible 4%. Other reasons attributed to delays in flight,
namely bad weather, airline operations management, and airport security, all edged up by 2%, 6% and 9%
respectively. Overall, there are slight changes in terms of the ranking of the rationalisations for flight delays,
with ‘airline operations management’ and ‘bad weather’ still occupying over two-fifth and one-fifth of the pie
charts correspondingly.

Two pie charts are given to compare the distribution of various causes of airline delays in 2015 and 2016
and the data gathered is from one of the Asian nations.

In general, airline operations management was the primary cause of flight delays in both years, accounting for
over half of all explanations. Although there were slight changes in the proportions of other factors, the trend of
the percentage for air traffic control was entirely distinct since it underwent significant change throughout the
period.

Poor airport operations management was the main culprit of delayed flights in both years, responsible for 40%
of complaints in 2015 and 46% in the subsequent year. Following that is air traffic control, which derived a
quarter of flight delays in 2015, closely followed by bad weather, which contributed 21%. However, this was not
the case in 2016, when 'air traffic control' fell by 13%, with 'bad weather' coming in second, taking up 23% of all
occurrences.

Aside from an enormous reduction in the ratio for the ground of air traffic control between 2015 and 2016,
delays caused by military considerations went down by an insignificant 4%. Other underlying reasons for flight
delays, such as bad weather, airline operations management, and airport security, all grew by 2%, 6%, and
9%, proportionately. Overall, the ranking of the explanations for flight delays has changed to some extent, with
'airline operations management' and 'bad weather' still occupying over two-fifths and one-fifth of the pie charts.
Q9 (1)
Given is a line graph illustrating the relative importance in transactions of some musical instruments between
2008 and 2017 in the UK and predicting the future records of purchases. Four different instruments were
recorded, namely guitars, drums and percussion, trumpets, and pianos.

There was a modest decline for all four types of instrument recorded until 2011, where sales of guitars and
drums rebounded but that of trumpets and pianos dropped continuously. It is predicted that, in the next few
years, the relative significance over all trades for guitars will drop, percussion instruments will level off, while
trumpets and pianos will increase.

A steady fall was observed across the sales proportion of guitars and drums from 2008, reaching their lowest
points at 12% and 7% respectively by 2011 before going on a continuous surge and reaching their peaks in
2017 and 2015 at 23% and 13% correspondingly. This, however, was not the case for trumpets and pianos —
sales ratio of trumpet since 2011 plummeted by a stunning 10%, whereas that of piano decreased minimally by
a negligible 1%. Across the years, guitars accounted for the greatest percentage of sales, ranging from 12% to
23%, while that of pianos constituted the least.

It is forecasted that the deals for trumpets and pianos is likely to experience a mild 2% and 3% climb
accordingly in the following years. Meanwhile, the numbers for drums and percussion instruments will stabilise
at 10% of the total buys. Nevertheless, among all instruments, that of guitars will be the only one that is
expected to experience a drastic reduction by half after achieving its highest point in 2

The line graph serves to illustrate the relative importance of different musical instruments in transactions in the
United Kingdom between 2008 and 2017, as well as to forecast future purchase records. Guitars, drums and
percussion, trumpets, and pianos were among the instruments recorded.

All four categories of instruments had a little dip until 2011, when sales of guitars and drums recovered but
those of trumpets and pianos continued to fall. It is expected that, during the next several years, the relative
significance of guitars will decline, percussion instruments will level off, and trumpets and pianos will continue
to grow in popularity.

From 2008 to 2011, the sales share of guitars and drums fell steadily, hitting lows of 12% and 7%, respectively,
before continuing to rise and reaching heights of 23% and 13%, respectively, in 2017 and 2015. This was not
the case with trumpets and pianos, which trumpet’s sales ratio has dropped by an astonishing 10% since 2011,
while the piano’s has reduced by a mere 1%. Throughout the years, guitars accounted for the highest
percentage of sales, ranging from 12% to 23%, while pianos contributed for the lowest.

It is projected that purchases of trumpets and pianos shall rise by 2% and 3%, respectively, in the coming
years. Meanwhile, sales of drums and percussion instruments will remain stable at 10% of overall purchases.
Nonetheless, among all instruments, purchasing number of guitars is anticipated to undergo a substantial loss
by 50% after reaching its greatest point in 2 years.