Intermediate MME Past Year

www.rsgclasses.
com(9810148860)
Rahul Sir (SRCC Garduate , DSE Alumni)
RSG CLASSES
ECONOMICS (H) SEM-2
INTERMEDIATE MATHEMATICAL
METHOD OF ECONOMICS
(Past Year Papers Solutions)
BY RAHUL SIR
(SRCC GRADUATE , DSE ALUMNI)
note- If you find any mistake in any calculations

Pls Whatsapp on “9810148860”
“Thank You & Best of Luck for Exam”
Page 1
MME-2, YEAR-2022.
www.rsgclases.com(9810148860)
Rahul Sir (SRCC Graduate ,DSE Alumni)
A1.(a) (i)
y 10kL = -
( -r f(2,k) =
k 0.25t 5 g(t)
=
+
=
590.t h(t)
↳= =
y is the function of K2L and K2L are the
function oft Hence y is the composite function of t

Relatives rates ofchange of K and I are
U
=I and Up:Ink=1.
Rak of
change of y =
Now
-I
=(a) (k)
W,U+WIND
. +
kEYK
=
=
where we we are the weights.
Wi=L=(times the
02
marginal productrity of
Labour.
W2=K2 ktimes the =

marginal productivity of
8K
capital.
NOW
= 10K-1,
2
5 102-gt.
=
44:5*20+ (0.11
u =
= 0.1
rix + 10.2)
st=
=
0-26+5
Putthe value ofUICUK in ED
= 5e"t
40k-st) l+ (0.2+) (otcI
=
5eoltk-522- A 5
MK.
goty.2++ s)
so
== 09 ti
-
e -01
e n
+5
solve By yourself.
Ansi (i)
r
w(x,y)
=
x
x(s,t)
=
y y(H
=
Now
t
At S 1
-VCs) , 0 rasy'0)
=
b0 =
+
=(3) () (5)(4) +
21+ 20 41
=
=
And ↑(x,y) Inyz=InGT+Y

=
(i) x=4 I
+
Gradientvector
-ye
1i
= + 15
+y >CfY2
is most
where I
Direction ofofare those
Increasing rapidly at11,0)
If 4+ 0Y Y'
1
=
=
1+ 0
Directions are
11,8)
Rate of change in thatdirection.
I4All
=
01
=
=
↳ I(b) Approximate value of 1.02,0.02)

x 0,7= 1
=
fley)-Ici+YY, fitty, fig

f (1,0) E. =
fil,0) 1 =
fy (1,0) 0 =
- 1944 =f(1,0) +f,,l, 4 (951) + fy (90) (3-0)

1
-
x 1
+
-
1
22 S + -
+102-i 0.57002
=
f(1.02,0.02) -
0'52.
=
Ans1() (i)
↑ 19, 192, ....
((n) 249293...SCh.
=
A(ax, de,---den) 199.992-191.-9n =
((x,2. -(n) => -
f is homogenous with dequen

since It is homogenous, hence It is homotheric.
Every 1storder partial derivative of homogenous

function's are also homogenous with degree n-1.
Now
yf:Gradientof f
----. n)
=
(s.e, 1.e, ... pen-1)
=e-ein(tsa eisen)
=F(9, ,-f(n) (it,"in) HP-
As 1Ca)
A with deqres
homogenous
is 2.
A(des,by) af(19,4).=
Al and I are also homogenous with dequee
f((2,3) 4, f((4,6)=
= 12 f(a, (5)
=
ef! (213)
=> 12
=
f!
= (2,3) 6 =
Now f(0,9) f((13), 3(5))

=
= 32f(2,3)
Enter's theorem.
2f(43) 2f(2,3) =
+
3f!(2,
2(4) 3(8)
=
+
2f(2,3) 26 =
f(2,3) 13 =
f(6,9) 32f(215) 9(13)

= = 117
=
A)
M M(x,y)
=
v
v(x,y)
=
[M+ 2v #Cy2=cM- vy
(1+ M2) u2V 8x +y5v2 =
Mev are endogenous variable.

122 y are exogenous variable.
Apply differential in Equation
5Cr+2Y"(dr +2dv) +2xydy+ydx
2dr-vdy-ydv
=
(5-gr+YY-2)d4+10(+ vy)dV
-y2dx
=
-
(2xy+v) dy
NOW x=
1, y 1,=
M =
1, V0
=
3 dM+11dV = =
dx-2
dy.
Apply differential in 992
3 [HM22nd-rdv-zurdy=8dx+2vy5dv
Put
+vesyYdy
x=1, y 1, M=1,V 0
= =
24dr-dV=8dS
solving equation 82
3dr+IdV=-dx-2dy.
24dr-dV = 80SS ⑭
multiply 99 by 8
I
24 det seav =-8dx-1604
-zydr-dv=
I
8dso
-
890V = -1694-16dY
dV
ds- y
=
qu94
dr= It18dx+ dul
dr=;4(80x-1dx-dY)
qu=Gd-4
M ly,
Ans osel (i)
↑(144,2) 2
=
( y4
+
f(x ( y4.z 2x.2(x+y2)

-)
= +
(C + 2)2.
risfom" iswhere increues and
y C2 keptconstant
*fy (xy2).0
=
-
2x2(x 44.2y
+
<x+y42.
fy 2,11 =
=
E.
f is decency from 2,1) where y increase, and
1222 kept constant.
f
=>
A
=
yz,"
2xx+
f! (1,1) 1 = >0
I is increas from III, 1) When I increases and xy

kept constant.
As (((( exY2x
-yy c
=
f19981
+
= c
f(0) =
1 means x
0, y 1
=
=
e%0 -4 c =
= c = -
3
slope=1Y -t -
ty
-
=
gatc, ()=I.
y0 =
Equation of tangent.
y -
0
=
-
z(x
-
1).
ANS. 2(9) f(x,y) = x2 y'-xy-s3

A=2x y- ax -
fy -
=
zy x
-
for critical point fit and fy= 0
2x -y.3x00 24 0
=
-
-
y -
I
putthe value of y from are in ED
2x -
( 2)-
- 3x0
2x 3x 0
2
+
- =
49179 6x
0 -
51 6,0 = 1
0,5
-
= =
y 0,
.
=
10,0)
(5,-)
fix 2
= - 6x A =
At
(0,0)
A 270
fily=-1=B
=
B =
- 1
2.0
fly
c
-
C.
=
point
=
=- 2
10,0) is saddle
At
15, )
A 2 = -
6(5) 7x =
B =
-
1
c =
- 220
(5, 2) is saddle point.

you I is to be concave.
A
= 0 =
2-6x 0f 922/s.
C207 -
20
Ac B2 0 = (2-6x1(2) - 7)= 0
-
4 12x
+ -
120
722 5/12.
The largest convex domain on which I
i s concave
is s = 5 4,4):
II?
Ans(2)(b) Not in sem-2
syllabus in the year 2023.
An(2) f(994) xeY-x-e8

=
0 1922 and 02411
fi e4 = -
2x 0 =
= e72 = D
fy xet- et
=
0
= et(171) 0 =
putef value from 90 in ED

2x((-1) 0
=
f x
0, 1
=
94590
et_29
-x 1 =
92 0
=
et 0 =
eT 2.=
y does not y 172.

=
exist
Stationary points is (I, In2)
I! C0,07 i
y(2
(9,0) xex-e0
*
=
929) x- x2 1
=
xe C0,2]
9149 1 27 0
=
-
=
x 42
=
max 2 min can occur at10,0) (t,% (2,0)

CASE I! 20,0) and 20,19
--
x 0
=
f(0,4) =
-ef ye ca
lethiy:-ef ye (0117
n'ly) =
-
eY FO
max 2 min can occur at 10,0) (0,1)
# 2011 (2,1)
y1 =
&(1,1) = x2e- x-e

let G42= 2x+- 2 32e[012]
G'4=e-2x =
0
x 42.
=
maxcmin can occur at

(42,1 C0117 (2,1).
*
5. C2,0] (2,1)
99=2.
f (2,4) =
zet-22-ey
H(41 = et-4 y=[0,7
H y) ef
=
O
max a min can occur at(2,0) 2(21)
(2)
10 in case, case
Absolute max Absolute min
A) let z
f1994).
I
=
(i) Given
fio, 30
condition.
(i) A's, O, fly co
(i) F21,4=c, y=g4 som that all level cure.
of f are strictly convex
(F(1941)
Now WC, 4) =
Given: F's 0
o
wi ((((x,y)) f,>0
3
=
7030
wy=
↑e) so so
1)Wi =
(F(x,y) fixx+fs's "(f(x,y)) #
↓
(H)
i
(t is t a
No Idea aboutsigh.
Hence wise sign is notconfirmed.
same process is for why,

2 Level cuve of WCSYS
is
W2144) c =
F(f(x,y) = 2.
f is convex and I is
strictly increasing.
Hence
#(f(1,43) is also convex
yet propernes of f(x) preserved
in wess, y).
A224 f(x,y) 2xxy) et

=
Pic (2x xy)

=
-
et
fi (, xxy) et
= -
+
e4(0 -
xx)
eF(xxxy-299
=
fls 0 =
fy 0
=
(2x-xy) et 0 =
et(-xxy -
x,4 0
=
2x=xy
↓
ye =
cyy- xx 8 =
->
<P -
x, -
xx 0
=
x2, cx 0 =
- -
2x =
x 0, -2.
=
y 0,=
2.
f(xxx (2x
= -
xy)e8 e8(2-0)
+
= ef (2 + 2x x4) -
A.
=
fiy = (2x -
cy) e8+ e4(0-x)

eY(
=
-
x 2x
+
xy)
- B.
=
fyy =
et( xx) -
+ (1asy- e8
e(-xxy
=
-
2xx) c
=
ez
I
Ac0,0 = 2
Arx,-2):
o
2
B,0,
-
-x.
B(, xe
-
=
-
2) =
90,0) 0 =
Es=e4 <0
Ac - B -x
= <0
Ac-B 2x 4x4 >0

C0,0) Saddle point
=
(- 2, -2) is the min point

(i) f(x,y)=c-sy)ef.
s* = -c.
y* =
-
2.
2
fle,: (czaye
-
filexe. I
Now
2-917, et.
(1994) =
E2a)e2
f(x,y*)= #
I I =
Hence proved.
NTE! OTHER QUESTIONS OF
THIS PAPER ARE
NOT INCLUDED
IN SEM-Z SYLLABUS IN THE
YEAR OF
2 023.
INTERMEDIATE
MME
CYEAR 2022)
LINEAR ALGEBRA
of show thatthe following A

Matrix is
vertible and Find
1, ]
A =
As171=
3(9-41-2(12-10) 5(8-15) +
=15 - 4-35
0
=11-35 = 24 = -
IA170, hence is
A
invertible.
For Finding At we need cofactor's
2, =5 221 4 =
331 = -11
42 =
-2
222 =
+ 6 132 14
=
23 =
- 7 223 4 =
133 1
=
(I
4 D
At
AdjA=
-
02consider the
following system ofsavation
2y2 + 2x-5,17 2.
=
yz -
2x2xy 1
+
=
12 22x
61y 3
+ =
-
show that
Cyz=I6. And find all the
possible value of 193,2
As Let yz M,
=
2x =
V,xY w
=
2
2N+ v- 5W =
M-V +2W = 1
u -
2v +
6w =3
Solving savation
by Gauss Jordan method
1, ], (,)
A =
=
B:
As
1Y ?]
=
APP1Y R2fLR2-RI
R3-GR-R1
18 35]
R3 = 3R3-5R2
[ -2 - 95/ 3
NOW
2u + V 5w 20
- =
3V +qw 0
-
=
1) W 2
60 12 =
=> =
qn50
SV I 24 6
qu+6-
-
e
=
u 3 =
NOCO
yz 3(i),2x 6(1) cy 2.(ii)

=
=
=
↓xc 2y =
in s (i)
z(f) 6 z 3y
= = =
in sr(i)
y(3y) 3 3423 y I)
=
= =
=
i) z 3(11)
= =
2 13 =
and CIR=
Hence
(yz=16 Hence proved
③Determine the rank of matrix,for all values of

P.
1=[**p]
Ans.
UCK)
=>
iF 113x3 0
141 (8 P)
=
(( p)20 2((2 b) 0) y(0

-
-
+
- -
- -
(
-
1)70
( b)((8-b)(2 p) 4+) to
=> -
-
+
[2 p)(16-8p 2p p48) 0
=)
-
- + +
(2 -
P) (p210p +24) F0
Pf2/plopt2Y 0
=
pF Y or 6
When PA2,4,6 then. 2(K)= 3.
NOW WIKYF3 IFIb 2 = ay or 6
Now
taking minor of order 2.
mas:
18 - 1 2.
=
order is nonzer.
Ifafeastone ofthe minor of 2
WiK) 2.
=
Hence WIK) 2 = ittb = 2 or yort
BIA.
④ Suppose Aand Bare non matrices. Such that AB=
prove that(ABI?BIA2.
Ans.
-
ItsF CABI (AB) (AB)
=
(BA) (BA)
=
BY B.BA
=
= B3 (BA) BA
=
BSABRA
B6 ABBA
=
=
B6 B3 ABA
= B9BBAA:BA2 Hence proved.
0 consider the system oflinear equations,
2x -
y +
32 2.
=
12 y 22 2
+
+
=
Six-y+ Pz 9
=
↳) For whatreal values of pc9, the following system of

Linear equation's have infinite
many solution's
fig for whatvalue of p=3 and 9:5. Find all possible solution.
to the system
()
As. Augmented matrix:
(AB)
R
f 2R2-R1
Rf2Rs-5R3
I I I
AB =
2 -
I 3 2
O 3 R 2.
0 0 24-16 29-12
for system
of Equation has infinite solution,
WCA) 2CAB) =
= 2.
So
2416-0 and 29-12=0
P8 and=
9S =
b) when p 3295
= =
As=18]
2x -
y 32 2.
+
=
3y 2
+
2
=
92 0f2 0B
=
=
99
3y+0 = 2 = y 213 =
an EP
29
z 02
- =
+
292 2 =
2
+
2x
= =
813 = x Y5
=
⑯6. Find the eavation of Plane passing through the point

(3,4,-3) (5,2,1) [2, -1,4)
AsLetvector to: ($,,P2,P3) plane.
is normal to the
A (3,4 3)
= -
B =
(ST2,1
2
[2,-,4)
=
NOW P.AB 0
=
=> (P1, 42, 3) (2, -2,F4) 0 241-2P2+443 0
=
= =
p.AC 0 = =
(P1,P2,3)(-, -57 0f -41-5-12+7320
=
C
p1 bz 2P3
I
=
-
=
P1+542 7P3. =
LetP3 k =
Now Eavahon plane.
of
4 1(1)- 9x + P2(y) -
az) 13(2 a3)

+
-
0
=
P1 P2 2K. ①
See
=
-
=
(x 3)+(y- 4)
- -
+k(2 3) +
=0
P2 953
=
=
-
I(x 3) +3(y- 4)
-
2
99
b1-3=-2K + (2 +
3) 0.
=
x =
I
given
the line 2 is
.
⑦ by 14=-1+2,12= 27-1
and (3=+ + 3
a)
verify thatthe point a =
22,-1,3) lies on 1 but
<,I,1) does not.

b) Determine the direction ofL .
Find the ervation of plane
passing a thati s orthogonal
to L.
of Find the pointwhere (Intersectthe plane

3,4 512 7 6
+
- =
As a) a
(2, -1,3)
=
3
14 2
=
=
2
=
- + 2
+
t
=
0
=
12 11 =
-
1 27 1
= -
f t0 =
93 3 = = 37 3=
+
t0
= =
sincet is same Lie on L.
Now (1,1,1)
t1
3
x1 = 1
=
= -
t+ 2 =
is not
&
(n 1 =
1 21
=
=
1. t 1
=
same
-
(13 1F1 F+ 3
= =
ft = -2 hence
does lie on L
b)Direction's are
(-1,1,3)
2) plane
121 2) 2(x2 1 3(33 3) 0
+ -
+ +
=
- -
pls solve kar Lene Bacho
-1-
&
394 5x+13
+
6
=
Put the
value of
911,922x3
in Above Equaton
3(-t 2 +
5(2+
+
1) -
(t 3) 6
+
3t + 6 10t 5-t 3 0
- =
-
- +
67 -
2 0 =
+ -
Y3
Points
92
5 2
573
-
- + =
-
=
x22 =
43
2(5) -
1 -
=
x=
1 3 143.
+
=
INTERMEDIATE RME
YEAR-2021
LINEAR ALGEBRA
I consider the
following system of Equations
x12 y B+ =
x
cy B
+ =
i) For whatvalues of x B does the

system of savations; not have a solution.
(i) for whatvalue's of <2B, does the

lystens of Equation's, have unique solution
Also, find the solution in this case,
(ii) For what value of<2B, does the system
ofequations, have in finite solution.
Ans
i Augmented Matrix
(MB)=(YI"]
For No Solution (A) FWIAB)
WCA)=1 IFF1A12x2 F0
141170 =
a70
a
+1,-1
=
When x 1
=
=[i! 1
R2fR2-R1
=C!!]
WI WBT= =
Hence At solution does not

<=
1, No
exist
x -
=
1
AB =
(-!!,1]
R2fR2+R
(·(s]
=
x =4 [BER-503 provided No solution.

where -
VAIII and xMB) = 2.
(i) For unique solution CA=WHB) =2.

M1A)=2 TFE1A12x1=0
22-18
&= 1,1
and WIA=2 => TAB)= 2
Hence BER.
For finding the solution, Apply Cramer's rule
b
1411
= x=
=
1
A1
1B 1
=
xB = -
B
P2
14B) B B
=
=
-
x
b 4B B B
=
y 12 x
-
=
=
=
-
-21 D
221
⑭ For Infinite solution,
VIAB) <2.
MIA)=
Ata
<B B 0
B( 1) 0
-
- =
= =
x =
1 B ER
x =
=
1, B0 =
②. Examine whether the

following system
ofsquation have solutions. Ifthey do,
determine the number of degree of freedom.
2, + 92 + 2923 + f4 5 =
214 39+
-
73-29 = 2.
494+5x2-393 7. =
Ans.
( I -2 I!E)
-
-
As=
R2 + R2-2R1
RY-Ry-UR1
AlB
L 1
= P 1 2 I 5-
01 -
5 -
4 =
8
O 1 -
11 -
4 -
13
R3 + R3-R2.
I 0-60.
I (I n
I
I I 2 I 3
=
0 1 5
- -
4 8
2(B) 3
-
=
0
2A) 21B) 3 < 4
=
=
Hence an fine solution

Deque offreedom 1
=
-
21A) =y-3= 1
①.
-
The for a
Leontiefsystem two-sector
economy
is given
as follows.
0.894 b1
=
b2.
0.594 H0.65,22=
(i) Find 9,2922 and Interpretthem.
(i) Assuming technology does notchange find the change.
in the outputoftwo sector's it final demand ofsector
- by increases by a unit. Whathappens to the output oftwo
sector's itfinal demand of both
unit each?
sector's increases
by a
[ I
Ans.
fos? 0.xst
0.8 O 0
- 4 A
-
=
A
=> =
-0.50165
unit
an=0.2 (0.8 consumed by industry from industry to produce
Lunit)
92=0.3510.85unitconsumed by industry 2
from
industry 2 to produced I unit)
(i) Now demand:
[ "']
New
LetNew output be
x=[?]
X CI- AT'D
=
-otse (58] (2)

-o (os,"
When New D=
asbt
(t]
then new
output-ots
( o.2] (t)
e.
⑦ For what value of, the given system ofsavations

below has a unique solution.
(p+1)x (p + 1)y 9
+ =
4x + (P + 4)y+(p-1)2 1 =
3x
5y + (p-112 -3
+
=
whatcondition most
a satisfy for the system to have
solution when p=1. Find thatsolution.
Ass. For unique solution

1A13x3 F0
4 + 1) (P +y)(p -y) 5(p -

-
1)-
4((P 1)(x 1)) + 3(1p+1)(p-X]

+
-
I
8
(+)(p 1) (p 4 -
4 3)
0 + -
5 - +
⑭+1)(P-1)(1-2) 0 =
+1, -1,2.
↑
Now when P=1
(8/!)
AB =
For anting solution. -

10t59 = 0
2 2.
=
"No unique solution exist when

p=1"
⑦ Let A and in matrices with real entries. Give that
At B is invertible, show that
ACA+B"B BCA+BFA =
Ans.
-
Lets = A CA+BB
taking queue of thatmatrix, we have.
-1
ECA BB)
=
+
+
= B (ACA+BTD
BICA+B) A-D
=>
= BI (AAT BAS
+
B1) I +
BAY B+Al =
RutS=
BLA+B A
taking Inverse I
(BCA+B)A)=AY SBCA+$5JY
-
=A
!f(A +B) B1) A+(ABT I) =
+
At+ B
=
A
O consider the
system ofEquations
x+
y z
+
3B
=
x
2y 32 5B
+
+
=
2y x +
5B +
x2 =
For whatvalues ofa and does the of Equations

system
have is a unique solution isinfinite solution (i) Nosolhan
(,]
Ans.
- As=
-
⑪Solution
2A) HIAB) 3
=
R2+ RC-R1
=
R3 R3- R1
+
8
x -
30
7 3, PER.
[0(/]
x
AlB = A
f) infer soluten
--
0 x
2-1/2B VH WAB) 2=
=
so,
R3+R3-R2 x -
3 0
=
x
3, BER.
=
[ :'s]
- 1 I
(e) olution.
2/A) F2(AB)
Notpossible
⑰Letw, and we be two vector in RP. Moreover

they are
ofunit length Iwill=11W211-1 and their dot product

i.e
given
is
by W.W2 wi.w2=-1/2, where so, is the transpose
=
ofw.. find the length of (we-w2s ie Nw-well
A 114-w2= (-w2] w--wel

WiW-WiW-WW, fW2W2
=
I
=>
Will 2wiw2+HW2N2.
1 2( t) + 1
=
=3
DWI-w2l=13
⑳LetM, V, w be three vector in RRP suppose the vector

M, are orthogonal and the norms
of vis and va-I
find the value ofreal numbers in M = vtsw.
Ans. M.V 0 =
/IVII Y
=
V!W= 7
Now M vfw
=
v' both the side.

multiply by
vill=V!V#View
0 IV+ Viw
=
0 (y) x(7)(:.vi
= +
4.v
= 0]
=
x -16/7 Ars.
=
09 For a dimensional vectors V, V2, Vs, vy. Prove/Dis

-
-prove the following.

(i) Ifvitue and vi-ve are linearly independent
then
v, and we are also linearly independent. and ve

(i) IFv, v2,are linearly dependent but v,
linear combination
are linearly independent then us is a
ofV, 2V2
combination of VI, V2, us

(ii) IFVY is a linear then vi, v2
and us is a linear combination of visk,
My are
linearly dependent.
Ans. (i) VitV2 and V,-V2 are 1.1 (Given)

v, q V2 are 2.19.
k1(4 +V2! + k2(Y,- V2)

0
=
Given K1 K2 0.
=
Now 0
K2V2
=
kN+KI2 + K2V1 -
V2 0
(k1 + k2) 4 + (41 -K2)
=
Let Kitkz m1 0 =
=
0 =
K1- k2 M2
=
miv, mev2 0
+
=
M1 0, =
0
m2 =
Hence vis V2 are L.I
3
(i) k1V + k2V2 +K3V3 0 = L-D.
Atlesttwo kit r = 1,2, 3 hiven.
m,V+ M2V2 = 0 LI
M1 m2 0
=
=
Vs isa Liner combination of V,CV29.

then it reaches to second Er.

kFK3 0 inED
=
henee K2 0 that means K370

K1
=
So 97Eq
kIV +12V2 V3 =
#3 -
k3
liner combination of
hence us is a
v,2 V2 since k3=0
(i) kin+kU2+keVs=Vy (Giren) I

MIVI+meVzV3 =
VI, ve, by are L.D2.
by Ki
multiple 228
Mik3V m2k3V2
k3V3
+
=
0+
Vy.
4 (k2trcks) V2
(41trks)
=
(k1 + M1k3) Vi +(K2 +M2Ks) V2-Vy 0

=
+22Vc+C3V 0
=
2, V,
15 - hence
:
vi, V2, M4qreL-D.
Iconsider the three vectors

(2), (1], (I
Do they span in IR?
12 8]
Ans. LetA =
-
/A1 3(2-0) 3(4 0) 5(6 0

+ -
- -
2470
13.
2A) 3, hence
=
they span in
⑪ Letbe the odd posive Determine

-
integer.
whether there exist now real matrices such
thatA2+I 0, where A is an nex=
matrixand o is
Matrix, Iis the
idently
the wall matrix.
Ans.
-
--
A+1 0
=
A-I
take determinant both the side.
/AY:1-11
/A: I (I) (:.KA) KYA]
=
If n is odd then
IAP=1 Si.EI=-1
11 = 1 I
When materix A has determinant
H or -1 then A+1 0'
=
NTERMEDIATI
& MME
YEAR-2020
LINEAR ALGEBRA
o Given thatEM, V, ws is linearly independentset

a
of vector's in some vector space

v,prove that
is the set [v,w} is linearly independent
(i) the setsaw, b, cwl is linearly audependentwhere a
-band care scalar's
(ii) the Set [u+V, u-v} is

linearly independent
Ans k,n keV + k3w
0
+ =
Given k1 = K2 K3
=
= 0
(i) to prove veware Lit

MiV + m2W 0 =
mir+mew +O 0 =
miV+ m2w+kM 0
=
(.41 0
=
+ kM=]
Now compare this with 20
m1
K220,
=
M2 K3 0 = =
Hence VCWax11
ji) am, by, aware L
M(qM)+h2(bv) + 13((w) 0
=
compare this with r

119=K1
Ma = 0 I n2b=K2
n2b 0
=
I
K3
13C=
432 0 =
n= R2 0 n3 0
0 = =
as 9,b,2929
Scalen
Hence are, by aware L
(i) IP utV, M-vare (I
4,[M+V) +X2(M-VI 0
=
(1+(2)M+ (1-C4V 0 =
&x (2)M (x
+ + -
x2) 0
+
0
=
(x1 x2)u +
(42) V+K3w =0(:.k3w=)
+
are
! 2220
Hence it
t
Ifind the set of vectors thatare

orthogonal to three
[I], [i] (ii)

recors
AsLet
(y]
v =
(8) =
0 =
a =
(a)(4) =0 katb -kc =

-
()(,) a 24b+k+) 0
0
=
+
+
=
put a0 =
in E and 59B
b kc 0 b
k2.
-
=
=
=
3k+1)2 0
2kb + =
&((K) (3K+1C 0 +
=
2/24 3k+1) + 0
=
<(2k 1)(k 1) + +
0
=
K = -1, -
42.
when K=-1
then b =
-
c from se
Hence
(-2) 4-i)
v =
=
(i
CAR, setofrester is
then
when 1
=-1/2
then
bit
v
f(x) c/,iz)
=
can then set

of vectors
(2)
③3.
=I
Findthe rank of matrix A 2 I
*S WIAI =3 IF1A13x3F0
5- -
c[21 x1 0) 2(2x x) 0 + 1(0 4 x)) 40

-
- - - -
+ -
(1 -
(55 x)(1 x) 4 1)
- -
- +
0
=
(1
-
x)(x26x) 0 =
x=
1,0,6
x
1,0,6
=
minor
of order 2x2
I
I ·1
5 x
= 2 =0
-
Hence 2A) 2 =
of Given two matrices A and B, iFAB:BA then

Argue that
dimension, construct an
A and B mustbe square and of same
true.
exampleto illustrate thatthe converse is not
necessarily
Ans.
*
-
-
AB BA=
be square and same dimension

To prove:Aand I must
LetA =
(aij]mxn.
B (bij]axs
=
IAB exist then n=2 [ nBxs]

If BA exst then mis.
(Exs*men]
order of MatrixAB is mar
order of matrix BA is 2xm.
AB:BAmeans mxv 2xm. =
m 0
=
or 2 m
=
Now n=2 implies mn =n

ms =
Amplies v= S
Hence m n 2=S A and
then B are
= =
square matrix ofsame order.

A B are ofSavare matrix oflame ordert

To prove:ABFB A
13 I
LetA =
-
I
3
[si]
B =
AB =
(8) (: i]
-Cozy I's]=(5 is]
BA
(s i]/-] (iso IsI?]
=
=[ ]
AB FBA Hence proved.
O consider the given system ofequations:

92 37 1
+
=
2x
y 3
+ =
-
2x+
2y = K
i) state a
necessary and sufficientcondition for a system
of m equation's in a variables to have a solution.
(i) IF=0, whatcan you say aboutthe solution of the
given system ofsavations? For whatvalue of K
does the have
system a unique solution.
(ii) whatare
superfluous eavations?Are there
any
superfluous equation's in this case? Also comment
on the
degree offreedom.
I)
A
Necessary condition -> M=a.
Sufficientcondition -> MD =
fil Augmented Matrix
-3]
A =
R2 f R2- RI
R3 + R3 R1
-
[8( 2]
R3 5R3-UR2
+
[0 I
I
-
Is
O ⑧ 5kH0
When K 0 =
then GCA) 2
=
3
WCA1B)
=
hence No solution
For unique solution:
5k +10 =
0 fk =- 2. (:.WA) =
HAB)2]
=
(a)
superfluous equation:on-2CA/
3 - 2 1
=
Degree of freedom:1 -
VAS
2 20-
=
NTER MEDIATE MME

I
(YEAR-2019)
I prove that
any setof a vector's in IR" is
linearly dependentifkn.
As
-
let V, V2, V3, ...
Vi vectors in R4.
and In
so for linear
dependency.
GV, +12v2+(3V3+...+(V 0 =
(V)
vi= for all in
a a
to
-(i) 2(n)+... x)]

+
+
= 0
CIVx+C2V21+.. +CkVK 0
=
"
CoVn+12 ven+.. f(kUn 0

=
when in that means number ofvariable is

greater than
number ofEquation, means Sobhan

to find the we had to
hits trial -some

use method by taking any nonsens
linearly dependent
thatIndicate
value
V,,... Vic are
② Under whatconditions is lower

triangular matrixof order
non is invertible. Prove for a lower
triangular matrix 343
that it goverse exist, the Inverse is also a lower triangular
matrix.
Ans. Lower
=
triangular matrix is
[his]
A: nen
where aijovics
is Invertible itand only if all is main diagonal entries
are non zero. diagonal entries
non
zw means
as to
+ i
j]
=
[ I
Let A
=
a O O
b C 6
de f
For A to be invertible a, c, f fo
(A) a((f 0)
=
-
acf 0
=
+
cofactor's
-
211 = of C21 0
=
(31 0
=
212 bf
=
222 af=
(32 0=
213 be ad =
-
223 92
= (33 aC
=
act(Ec Ye aeI
= Adja:1
1,
O
A
Hence it is also lower triangular matrix.
as i) For whatvalues
-
ofp dues the system of squations:
px +y yz
+
=
2
2x
y p2 2
+
=
+
x -
32 p
=
have
unique, none or infinitly many solution's
(i]
AsAugmented
materix(AB)=
unique solution
UA) WLAB) 3
=
=
VCA) 3= => 1A13xsFO
(A) 0 = 4(3-0) 1( - -
6 -
p2 4(0-1) +
+
3p 6+ p2 4 0
+
- =
p23k 20
+
PF2 and 1.
then unique
CASE -
I
solution exist
-
Now when p=1

then
"iti
43:
10
-
R25 R2-2R1
R3 + R3 -
R1
4-2
I
-
I I
0 +
R3 + R3 -
R2
[ -2]
AB = I
0-1
O .
VCAI = 2
XAB) 3 =
Hence for P =1 No solution exist
⑰I: P2
=
[Y!)
R2 + R2-R1
R3 + 2R3 R1 -
[ I
2 I Y 2
O
o
O O
0-1 -
10
rut)=WIHB) <3 hence for p =2.

·
Infinite many solution exist.
⑬4) Replace the rector ofconstant (2,5,1) in

part(i)
above
by (b,b2,by) and state a necessary and
sufficient condition for the new system ofEquation
to have infinite solutions.
MB=(Y]
As
For infinite solution.

When p2 =
AlB=
[201]
R2+RL-R1
3 +2R3-R1
R
L8.9% I ba)
I 2 I Y
Infinite solution when

be-b=o=>
bz=b,
exist
when p=1
as
Y R
2 Re-2R1
=>
R3 + R3-R1
I I
I I I
Y by
0
+
1 -
7 b2 by -
0 of-7 bz-bl
R2 f R3-R2
I 1
I I 4 by
O -
-b2-2b1
0 00 by -bz + b1
Infinite solution exist when bs-bet b1=

0
b=b2 -
bi
oThe ofa productare

5000 consumer's
equally
divided between brand A
and brand i this
year.
year 10% of brand
However each a consumer of
the previous year shift to brand B whereas 20%
of brand B consumers ofthe previous year shift.
to beard A. The total number ofconsumer
remain fixed.
(i) whatis the proportion ofbrand consumer's
A
after 2
year.
proportion ofbrand a consumer's
Leis whatwas the
Last year
As
and
in
met exp = Brand A
Brands L ABr a n dIs

this year. Equal product are divided

between.
Brand A and Brand B. means

BrandBrandB
Si = [ 0.5 0.5]
This process is a markov process which
means where St = St= P= St-gp.. = S,ptel
Proportion of
Brand A and Brand B. at time t
(i) S2 = S, P
=
[0.50.5]
E88
I [0.45+010
0005+04]
[0.550.45]
=
proporhon of brand A
↳s Gel so is the proportion of Brand a
and Brand B in previous year.
Sp So P
=
[0.50.5)
So(8 is]
=
t
80: (05
0.5]/]
0.9 of
0.2 0.8
10.50.5]
of (e. I
=
=o [or):[*E
The plane P is perpendicular to the straight

line passes through
2 y = =2-3
I
and
the (1,5,71. Find the Equation Plane

of P.
AEuf
plane.
P,(x-a1) + (2(y 92) -
+P(2 -
93) 0 =
3(x 1) 5(y:5) 2(z 7) 0

=
- + +
-
Pls solve soll

⑤
1.
⑳If and I are vector's of unit length

then under whatcircumstances is the
length
of their difference Equal to 2.
Als
-
Given (IH 11511= 1
=
To move:1155-511 2.
=
It
NOW
115-5I (1-5) =
(5x-5)
IISTIR2555+
= 11512
=
2 -25y
5y)
2(1 -
When sty: -
than 11-TTE45
1155-511 2.
=
⑦ How
many different
matrices of and is
formed and
3x3 can be thatare both diagonal
qdempotent?
Ans.
f
Let d
8]
A= 0
be
·de diagonal Matrix.
00 d3
A die
L as]
O ⑧
o d O
0 ·
For
gempotentAl A
di=
d, dz= de,d5=ds
d1
=0,1,d2 0,1,d5 0,1 =
=
hence Number
ofmatrixare=2x2x2
8
=
08 specify the domain and provide a rough sketch ofit for

the function f(x,y)= In
19-x9y2). Also provide a
level curve of
height4.
1f(x) In
=
(9-55-947
for domain
9- 5-gy2> 0
+qy2>9
#Tl -
When heightis 4 then.

In
(9-1-972) 4
= =
9- egy=eY
stgy=9 eY. -
It is not possible because q-etco and +950

of For the surface defined by function F(,)

z =
tangentplane at
show that
42,4) interestthe Zaxis.
atz
F(x,)-Fis(i)"
=
Ans.
2
FCC,
I)
- =
-
letA B YIx
x,
=
=
2 F(A,B)
=
#
=Fp(A,B) +Fis
(AB).
E's(-)
=
1 +
-FHABI+Fi
A
F*(AIB) -0+ FBI, s

=
=
Equation of tangent plane.
f(x)
j-4
2 2, x)
- +
-
191,71) 7)
fFi))+F")n] ests
2- 21
=
+
Fy),) is, (3-4)
Interestat2 axs Implices. (=Y 0
=
F(x,)
2-
F(y) ly,)
=
=
F(x,y)-
=
i
Fele) tt).
Hence proved.
⑧ Stae three differentcondition's for

concavity of a function
fexy) thatis
continuously differentiable oforder 2.
and is defined on convex domain.
Ans.
-
Ilet z
f(x,y) be function
a continuous partial.
=
with
derivative ofthe firstand second
order, defined over
convex sets in the plane. Then
fis Fi, 0, fico
to
concave and
E. Afunction f(xy) defined z =

on a converset s
is concave
in sit
f((1 d) (x,3,) dxx2,72)]= c-d) fls,4

-
+
+df, y)
for all
1, 4, ts + d
<c0,1).
OM. I2=f(x,y) is
global maxima convex
under its
domain with
1,4) interior
is max point then 2 is
concave.
&2. Draw
-
a sketch oflevel curve to the function.
f(x,y)=S+ height
function homotheic?
(I2 at the 3cm or m. Is this
Ans.
-
24 2 +
=
3
y2
8 3
+
3x=
2
y +
2x4.
3 Y'2017.
using values (Box method)
I
&12. The temprature at point y) on a metal plane in the
x-y plane is
T(x,y)= *
Itty
(i) Find the rule
of
change oftemprature atwill in the
direction (2,-1)
(i) An ant at1,1) wishes to walk in direction in which

the temprature drops Write down the unit-
most rapidly.
vector in thatdirection.
1 (i)=
++yy-xy (29)
[1+ + Y2
C
214,13 =
8
=is(y)
I
3,2 9
=
=
88(1,1)
Now unit direction

vector(s)
(ts)
1441
Rate of change at11, in the unit direction
is D=
nus*
(5)iylf:its
=
(i) If (GradientVator)
44+
=
unit vector where temprature decreases most
sapidly --
*4+Y)=-
2
0-
(i) state the implicit theorem
AndLet fall, 12, ...
C, 4,42.--(m) 0
=
F2 (9,12, ...
n, 81, 42...Ym) 0 =
fm (9,14,.. (C, 41, 42,..4m) 0

=
where are variable and ye

exogenous are
endogenous.
variable.
Now Diff both side.
dest... dinttdyt.-+ Gemdim

:
dest--Emdent, fm
dy,t.. dym e
Now
y,d4st... drm=- fde-...mden in
"
sim dy,-...
ii dim=-mds,...-fidim
2Ym
--
seem
Solve for dy,.... dim.
-A, o. .. ↑
Em
Em .....
m
Thatis called Jacobian determinant which used

is to
determine the dy?!

Ym: 5D+0
In essence, this is impliut function theorem.
ase; the function f(x,2,2,M,Y: RESR2 is defined

by system of two equations:
1342 +20V-M22 0 =
xy2 fxzM+YV? 3 0, has

= a solution.
at
25,2,2, M, V) (1, 1, 1, 1). Find the values of the
=
endogenous variable M and v when 11.02, y=0-99,2=1

Ans.
- ~Pyz +
24V-rv2 0
=
I
Apply differential both side in Er
-3d(y2) +42) d(4 +ad()-dry-de 0 =
e(yd2 + 2dy) + y2(342dr) +2(dv +rdIK

->
(r?2vdv +v? 2MdM -
0 0 =
put xy =
z M V
=
=
=
=
1
and
dx=0.02, dy=-0.01, d2z 0
then
0.01 +3dM 2(d4+.02) -(dU+2dM)

-
+ 0
=
o.0+3d4+2+ooy o-20M 0
=
dy +0.03 0
=
=> dM -0.03.
=
NOW
xy2+ s2M +yV2 3 0

-
-
2
Ally differential both the side in
o
zydy +ydx+ x(2du+Md2 + yardr+ridy0
=
put
1, dxo, dy=-.01,
(y2=
= =
d2 0=
dr=-003 then.
2(0) (02) + (=0.03

+
0+2dv-601=0
+
dV 2 0.02 =&V=0.01.
=
NOW dM = 003
-
=
01d =1
=
New M = 0.07
1-0-03=
dV 0.01=
oidv=1
①
New v 1+ 0001= 1.01

=
Q. State the definition for quasi-concave functions

use the definition to test whether the following three
function's are quali concave!
(i) f(x) x()9e=E

=
G)b4Y) sy. =
Asquasi concave.
Let fee be a function defined over a convex set
inR4. For each real number a, defined the

upper level set Pa= [x2es:f44aY is a
convex set
i) fell = s
Pa=[xts: fex a?
Exes: sia?
=
-2 a (c (a) ex(a) 0
= -
set (-00,-(a) V(va,w)

since Above intervals are breaking hence
nota convex Notquali concave
set.
() 924 rec [i.,o]

=
Pa= Exes: gea?

94pa => riz, a 11,920]
x a2
-27 (a2, v)
Itisauniqueinteral hence converse
the
(i) h(47) cy =
upper level set

Pa= 9443/es: sky,al
syz a
y
z
Assuming a so acO
=
-
"IIIIIIIII's
-
-
Both are not a
convex set
hence Not
quasi concave
& Derive the condition B under which the

on X,
funcion f(xy) =2, y, x, o defined on domain
1920, 410 is
(i) concave. his strictly () Qualiconcave.
concave.
(iv) convex
A
fist2x1* GB
fly 2B,yB-1
=
fix 2x(x-1)9-2yP
=
A
=
B
fixy 24B,-/yp-1
=
fly =
2P(B-1<yP-2_ C
(i) for
--
concave.
ACO
n
x=1
=>
C =0
B
=>
= I
Ac -
B0
N
YPL-1(P-I* y2-45py24-2
=
4ap,-2y2p-2(x-D(9-1)- cB]
Yay-1 P))=0 -
k
+
1
=>
-
4 1)
+
=
6
x
+B= 1
Her
for conesetthe
(i) by
concave
ACO
220, AC-BY 0
I
0xx,PC1,x+ B <1
(e) wex.
3
A 10 -221
C=0 = B>/
CB30 x B I1
A
+
There three condition cannotbe occur
Simultenously. hence No cord for convex

9: x21, B21 does not
imply x+B =17
(i) 2 2xxyP
=
in2 1n2+ x1nx+

Biny
=
Inz conferent
=
commee. (,Buo)
12 concome
= hence In 2 is
quei concave
In 2
Letz
·
= 2
since in is quoi concern and exponential

is quoi concert.
is
strictly increding, hence I
State the sufficientcondition for a

function to possess both global maxima
minima in its domain.

and global
Find the
global exterme points for the
function f 2xxy)=sys defined on the set
[ (x,y)/, =
1, 412., y x +
= 10}
Sufficientcondition
Letf(xy) be function with continuous partial
derivative first and second order
of the
in a domains, and let

convex
190,y) be
an interior point of s which Iis stationary
9 If, for alley) ins, one has f, 40

c (y)and face
·
o
(fill
then 211,40) is a maximum for Fe,)
in s.
has
b) If for all (41) ins, one
I, to, to and fific-li

then 1x10,30) is a minimum for fly
ins.
Now f(x,y) x243 =
C+y < 10
x
21, 22,
(1,9)
·
y "IIIIII
2,2)
=
182
⑳,0): 91
*
Fix:2543, fyicsigh
fizo, fly 0
=
2xY'=0, 3940
x
0,y 0
= =
putwill not be considered as 1 y 0

= =
are not in to the sets.
CASE
-
I:
(1,2) 221,9)
x1 =
f(1,y) 43 =
Let g(y) y3 y = (1,9]

=
g((y) 3Y0 =
=
y0 =
max 2min can occur at(1,4211191

CASEI
·
-
(1,2) (8,2
y 2
=
f.(19,2) 32 =
Let G12 8992 =
x=[1,8]
G(4 165) 079 0
= =
=
max min can occur at21,2) (82)
·
.
~
Ca (1,9) 18,2)
9+y 10 =
y 10 x
=
-
-
f(x2,10 -
1) x240 =
S(10-15
H(= 9E[011
HYP c3 (10+D(-1) + 210-3339
=
1240-s2 (3x 2910f)

=
+
((10+ (-5x +2) 0

=
=
12 =
0, 10. Y..
max2 win can occurat
(4,0) (1,4) (82)
*
14,87 (1,2) (1191.
2 sys
512,575729
-
Absmax
mie --
↓
Abn.
: Find all
stationary points ofthe fundion
fix,y)=c+Y? say-25+/Fy+y classify
the pointas maxima, minima
stationary
and Saddle point
A= 3,2
y-4x+1
fy 27-29-1:
=
Putfxz 0 = and
fly to
Sizy-y,H=00 and SY,-1:02

2y 2x + 1
=
Put the
value
of by in 92D
3,2x --4x+1 0 =
39- 69 0 =
3 x299 -
2) 0
=
12
0,2
=
y y2,512
=
10,42) (2,512)
fix 6974,
=
A
f= -
2 B
=
fly =
2 =c
At
(012)
A -
YC0
&,42)
saddlin
=
is
B =
- 2
2 230=
At
(2,E)
A 8 -
AL -B*
1270
=
B =
-
2
c =
230 (2,5/2) is minima
.Two sets A and B in R2 are defined

= 107
as A
[(144);
=
(7
B =
3244)/2x5+Y 07 =
Draw a sketch ofthe sets and

decide.
(i) whether the sets A and Bare
closed and Bounded".

(i)Whether the SetArB is convex?
AsA CY?10
"4,
E
-
Both are closed butnot bounded.

(s Ar
convex set
⑲ Given that the function f(xy) is
homogenous ofdegree p, show that
f(42) and homogenous

, y are
otherwise
with dequep-1, using this or
plore that ficstzeyfilyt yfyy

p(p-1) f(x,y)
=
Asis homogenous deep it

with
f(d,,d4) df(x,3)
=
Let
=
f((z) fey). =
2 =
f(x,y) x"d(y) =
= par
g4)=-yc-d' *
Let
9(6,494) (94)(x,p*
d's)
= -
+ P(dp* (y)
f-y,0+
)
-
=
q(1934) d492,44) =
w
fy=x'st
=
x
0) h(x,y)
=
h(4,93) (xpr-10'y =
(P ,d
-
=
GY- h(4)
When function is homogenous with
degree of "ficify.
When I is with degree p

homogenous
then Euler's theorem holds.
32f yfy Pfx,y)P

+
wirts
Diff both side
sfx+ fe+yfy= pfs

x +
yfy=
4- fs
Now diff EI wirty
sefly + yfyl+ty.1=pfl
sefing Ify= (1-1) fy.
+
B
muchply & bysander by y then
Add,
sofce +exy fiy=-Defsc
syfly + yts=P-DIF
2 ficist
sayficy+y2fy
= (P-1) (eftyfg
=(p-1) (Pf(x))
-
Hence proved
Q:Determine whether the following sets.
(i) S 244,4):
= y29-xy and
(i)T244,4):x=0, y=0, *4= 17
=
are
(i) Bounded (ii) compact
(i) Closed
Ans.
--
S
y29-x2
# Not Bounded
-
· 10,9) #closed as Boundary
-
-
points considered.
compactbecause
-
- #
Not
not bounded
I
#Bounded
-
"I #closed
v
#
compat
NTER MEDIATEMME
=>
CYEAR-2018)
& For any two vectors and
y in 14 prove
that
1991-114-11x-yI1
**IN. 11x1 11x- y+y11
=
using triangular inequality in RHs.
Hx1 11x y+ y11 11914K +181

= =
1991 199-411 Hyl
1191-11411 = 119-411 D
In 19811 11y-x+x/
=
11411 114- + 1212 117x 11

=
+ 11921
1981 114-111 + 191

[i. 1197411Hy-
1411-1991 (11-yI1
->
(1191-11411) = 11x-411 &
from 598 and 2.
1911-19411 Ux-yI1.
② Find the equation ofplane through passing

the point- (1,2,-5) thatis perpendicular tothe
plane 2x-y+ 2 1 and 51+Y-22-3

=
= 0
Asequation of reavid plane is
P,((+) P2(y z) 13(2 st 0

+
-
+
+
Now this plane is to to two planes

means.
-
2p1 P2 P3 0
-
+
-
p1 12 2P3
+
-
0
=
Let 4s=
gp, Pc k
pi+
=
-
41 k/3
=
in p1+ P2 2K =
+k 2k =
bz
= =
2k-ty
&
Pc 5K
=
q
(x 1) +
+
54(y 4 k(2+st
- +
= 0
(
(x 1) 5(y 4 (2
+
5) 0 +
-
+
+
=
&
Solve a PIs.
8. Does the
following set ofvectors span in 131
why or
why not?
vi =
(4,5,0), V2 (2,3,1), V3 (3,4,2)
=
Vy 21,0,17
=
whatis the minimum number ofvector required

in R3.
As Let w= (?) is
the linear combination.
of VI, VYs, Vy where 944,2 ER.
k,V +k2V2 +K3V3 +kyVy W=
41(8) 42)5] 1/2) 4/7

+
+
+
/*3]
AB:
R2 + R2- 2R1
[ I
gas
=
Y 2
· -
-
0 12 A
Rg RstR2
I I
I Y 23 I S
0 + -
2
-
2 y- 2S
O 0 0-1 2+y-2
4K1+242+3k3+ky 0 =
①
-
K2-24a-2ky y- 292 =
[ky 2
y 23
+
=
-
k4 2x-y-
=
2.
put ky in 99
-
k2 -2k3 -
2(2xy-2) y-2 =
Aesme k3 0
=
-
k2 y =
-
z + y-zy-22.
-
k2 -
=
y -
32 Y
+
k2 y 32 =
+
-
Y
Put k2, in ED
K3, ky
we
getk1= Save
so for
every 12,4,2eR these exst
stanned in
k,,42, 13, kye
hence
they
minimum number of
vector required in R3
=
Byprove thatif matrix is orthogonal

, then the determinant of matrix A is
↳1. Prove also that converse is not

free.
*orthogonal matrix
A AT I =
taking determinantboth the

Side:
IAAT = I
IAI IEI
HATE
1A= 1 C. IAIAT), IID
/Al:Is hence proved.
let
28]
Now A=
At =
C; i)
Ant=
('!] (i]
8 I FE
=
Not but
orthogonal
1A1-1-0 1 =
hence converse need not be free..
Os:
-
-
A
system of linear simultenous
Equation is
given by
x+ 10
2y
=
3x
6y 4
+
9x +
8y 40
=
is Find the condition on PCq for the system

to be consistent
(i) in each case, determine degree of

freedom and superflous equation -
Ans
Augmented matrix
AB =
]
R2-R2 3RI =
R3 - R3-YR1
AlB
[ I pyss]
= 12
00
9-40
Equation to be consistent when MCAS-WAB

hence.
qu =0 and p-30 0
=
9Y =
and p 30
=
deque of freedom: n-21) G-D=

1.
=
1
Superflows Equation M-A)=3-1=

=
⑥ Prove thatifa linear

system ofequations
has more than one solution, then it has infinetly
many solutions.
Ans. AX B =
D
-
Let X, and ye be the solution of the Above

system ofequation. (means two solution?
:. AX1 = B, AX2= B.
let (1-dix+&x2 be the linear combination.

ofX and X2.
In saration 1.
A[(1 -
d) x1+ dx2]= [1-d)Ax+ dAxz
(r-d)
=>
B dB+
B(1
=
-
d + d) B
=
that means all points lie on straightline

drawn from xxx2 are the solution of
system of equation. Hence more than one
solution implies infinite solution.
⑰Define the property of linear Independence.

for a setofvectors Ex2,12, ny...
(i) prove non-zoo vectors

thatthe set of
Exx,2., 13) is linearly independentitthree
vectors are pairwise orthogonal
As(i) liner independence for 594,--m}
means K11+ k2/2+-fkncinco -> K12 =.=kn =0
(11x
(i) 12x12
+ +
(375 04 =
(1 22 =
=
13 0
=
if4is=1.1(z= /, /1s 0
=
multiply 99 by rector,
2, 119414 + 2212244 + (39,9 0 =
(29 91-923 =
0
=
means
C, I0 =
40
= =
similiary muchply with 1 and is
you getG2= 1 0 =
C ways its solve stall similialy

vsidal]
asthe equation (cy+2y2+32= Implicity6
defined 2 is a
function of sandy. Find
the directional derivative ofthe function
in the direction (2,51atpoint (111).
ceil find the second order directparticl

derivative of 2 with expecttoy for the
function in part car above at1111,1)
= -
E -(I =
=
"Il f2 2y+s2.
82
=- x2)
·
-
-
I
=
0 y(1,1)
Fe 24+ 62
direch vellow
(f, Fal
unit
Directional
-
derivative
--
5(a)-)
r
-
Anse; scy+syz 32=6 +
i (s) -
=
=- (4):
28
4922)at
62]2
+
(2 + 1.)
-3.
(82.
-
=-
t
-
9. Calculate the rate ofchange in 2 at
i
5t,:
t =0
f, ye
z=
,w etf1
=
As
I getto
at t 0 =
-Evy
N-
B
#-=
I I 2002
I
W 2.=
t0=
#
-(y)
t 0
=
0
=
#2 539.(I) =
82
out(s) I =
I t=
sty=>
# =
= t- I+
#
+
8=
#
& 0
=
drt 0 =
=et
190
& ((0) 0(0 (-)(4) + + 0
+
=-As.
⑳ Show that the equation of tangentplane.

at Point 294,y,,2) on the surface z= fy
is given by y,x+14y-22,2 0
=
Ans. Equation
=
of tangentplane
2 2,
2(x x)
2y(y 31) ①
- = +
-
-
- -
se,
=
==-(19,4)
=
25,
⑲
xi, (19) (y-y)
+
2 -
=
Et 2,
2444,2 -2(144) y,(x) + 14(y-y) =
2444,2 -2(144) x7, -144, +144-144. =
x41+4y.-2
2444,2-204=
xy, +1y -
22 4 0
=
((4, +143-2221 0 (:.2 i)

=
Hence proved.
⑰Draw the level wrve for the function
f(x,y) is passing through the point
23,5). Find the unit vector perpendicular
to the
A. At
13,57
-
f (19,4 2
=
5559:16 4
=
=
New 2:4
y2,IS
= I
I level are
Gradient rector
(*f=Easts
i+zy I
-
&
3,5 CT B,st
+5
-
=
let4+vI is the unit direchon vector.

then
xf. (Mi+vs) 0 =
(-+ 5) (4+Vs) 0
=
3M+r
- 0
=
3M -
=
5V
M
GV
=
Now n=1
25V2f 1
=
=)
34V= 1 =
IY
V=
Iy
u =
divit direction vector is.
54-5 or 1973;
By 134 134 134
& State and sketch the domain of function.

(1994) = E In (y+3)
As main
y-x? O and y+x>0
ye and y3-3
-
-
-
y 1x1
-
-
-
=>
=
-
~
-
-Equilibrium
013. An model oflabour demand and
↑FC
pricing
output
-w 0 =
dead to the system ofequation
and PFCL)=cLtc, where I is
twice differentiable f'CL) >0 and fill co
with
All the variables are positive. Regards wand

c
as
exogenous so that I and are endogenous.
variable which function of wand a ground
are
the point A
[W,,P,L)= (wo,co, Po, 20). Find
an expression
for Isit by amplit
differentiation.
⑮ P g(w,c)
=
L -h(w,2)
=
PACL WL+c
=
Diff both side wirt.c
&Pf(x) G,(w 1)
+
=
PfC+f-wt
1P
[Pfy-wI+ FY=
Pf(L) -w 0
=
Diff W.V.t-c.
=0
PfC &C
Solve see and & using. Cramer'srole
D PF(b)
=
- W f(t)
↑ffCL)
p(f(x) wf() pf"Cf()

= -
1 fiy
D1
f(k)
=
Pf(4-w
I
D2 =
I
Pf"(t) O
24 =
F
=
PEY/IwFY-PA"CL) f(Y
2 =-f()=
P(f(y)=wf(L) Pf"(b)f(1).
-
similiarly Diff the below function w.r.tw
fCL) -w 0
4 =
Pf(x) wL+ 2.
=
and find
2wI JW
⑰(i) state the defination of homothetic function

A 2 f(x)
=
where SCER" is the
convexdomain.
f(x)
IF =
F(Y) Implies f(tD f(ty) =
sayst is homothetic function.
CASE-
-
-
Every homogenous funcion is homotheric
Lets
say f(tsi) f(+Y) =
+ 4f(Y)
=
=> f(7y)
Hence I is homotheli
buthomothetic
CASEI
-
! Itis not homogenous
2 F(x)
=
F(x H(fex)=
=
3Hf is
is
strictly reverin
homogenous.
(i/f42) F(Y) =
(i) F(+x) FCt3)
=
=
H(feD H(f(4))=
F(t=H(f(1))
fel
f(x) H(t 4f(x)
=
H(f(ty)
=
F(z())
=
s Are the function I and

I are homother.
(x,x2, ---((n) A(s, +s,--+spice

-
&
=
g(1,1) 2log,4 =
5toge2
+
Ans
A[216x4..-+sndY
=
F(1x,dx,--den) =
(54)
=
4. A(8x4.-+ snin*
d4 f(x,,-- (n)
=
Since I is homotheric
homogenous. Hencef is
NOW
g(1,2) =
Clog,p + stogsz.
-log()
Let
F(x,92) e?
=
H(U) =
log(4).
& (14,122) H
=
(F(x,x]
F(1,1) is homogenous dept
with
and Inn is strictly increasing

Hence homothehic.
924,12) is
015. Is the sum

-
oftwo quasi concave function
necessarily gas concaves. Why or why not?
Ans
let f(= x3
fe) 3x2. =
since I is Non-Decreasing, hence.

quei concave
Tel 1- 2
GDx
=
g(( =
-
2x 0
=
x0 =
Sign of gi
#----
before 10 =
f is
non-Decreey.
then
non-querasing hence qual concave.
Mocha f(x + g()

-
he x3 +1-x2
=
h() 3x2x =
=
0
(22391
=
-
2) 0
=
x 0,43
=
+f
- . . . . If it
-
c
is
Neither strictly 12 nor strictly be 2
and now unique where he is
and
Non-Degreasy Non-forcesig.
hence Not quasi concave.
⑧Find the critical

-
points and classify-
them as local maxima, local minima and
Saddle point for the function.
↑(44) [x+zy); 444
=
f=(etzy) ete +42x

=(Y(x zy+ y
fy (x+cy);444-2y+
=
je
fy j4+y(= xxy- yy+ 2).

=
For max or min to I fy=o

+ y-y=
1
0
90 = or ctzy+= 0 -2x4y4220
CE--2y
-
22xy)-4+ 2 0 =
-
2+
yy-4442 0 =
yy(1 3) 0 - =
y
=
0,y
=
1
=
21
SI-ly - x I1 =
(4:0
X-1=) s2 exist t
does not
put so in
-20yy+ 2 0
=
yy42 0 =
↑ =
y2
y I
=
points
are
(0,t)(a) (4 (10)
fix =
gly(-6x24y+2) (-2 4y+2

+ -
⑰ vt
=
fiy- estus
(-2-ysy+2pY ·
-
zy
fig:tst
gssy) (2xy-yyi
+
=YY-2y.
4(2)
#
A
= 0
BE
0
2 =
It.(*) t0
et.
=
ACB20 =
can be max, min, saddle
(f)
At 10, I
At 21,0)
-
-
-
A A
0
4e <0
=
=
=
B 0 =
B -
=
4e
c
et(
=
C =
-
2e O
Ac -
B =0 Ac-B* 822-100k0
Can
=
be max, win
(10) Saddle point
· Saddle
At G1, I
A=
- 42 <O
B 42
=
C -
= 2e0
7 B2 <
A 0
(-1,0) saddle point

⑰ Find the maxima and minima ofthe
function 91194) (2x =
4)e<y-1)
+
9-2
e
defined on the sets wheres is the
rectunglor region with vertices 10,0)

10.17 (2,1) and 22,0) ·
Ans.
(2,17
111)
-
&10) (2,0)
fi et(e.
=
(2y- 2+(2x+ eCess
(yfet (2 (2x 4)
=
+
+
(zy
=
-
1 449 6x + -
2) 0
=
y Y2,
=
2x43x -
1 0
=
x= - 3I/7
I
-3-HAwill not be considered as it
-
Y
lies outside the
rigion
x
347 3 4-1 0.3
=
-
+
-
= =
I
and y 12 =
10.3, 42)
fy es* 24) (Rye-2

=
+els-2!2 I
2e (x+Y). e4
=
Y (2y-1) 18
+
-
1
2)
I 0
=
I
x -
= 22y2u y -
y 2 1
+
+
0
=
24254 +
3 0
=
y 1,312.
=
( -2,1)( 2,31) -
Points.
Henal
fk 0 =
fi 0
=
9 0.3
=
9= -
2
y 12
=
y 1,312
=
(0.3, 1) 10.3,512)
side the region
Nestl 10,17 [2, 1).

=
y 1.
=
f(941) =
2x+ 4) e (2011-1) el
let9(1) = ec2x + 41 e Ixxz(0,2)
>
9=
e(cx+)ee] =
92 03.
=
maxemin can ocean at10,1) (2,1)

20.3,1)
Ca (0,0) (2,0)
y =0
↑(92,0) e Y
22x 4)
=
+
-
G41=-eY(2xx+4 9*" 9t[0,2]

Let
putG2) 0
=
x 0-3 =
max 2 min can occur at

10,0)(2,0)
(0 -
3,0)
CRII!
-
(0,0) (0,17
-
12 0
=
f0,y= 4ely- (24-1

h13):4 et-224-1) ye [011]
·
[y-z
n'ly)=4(ets+ (24-112-e(3-4) =
y 1,42.
=
2.
maxe min can occur at (0,1 (90)

Cr. (2,0) (2,17
12 2.
=
f(2,4) 8e(2y 1)
= -
e-2)2
let 9(9):Sea (25-1) e-4:
914) re2(24-1) et*,- es!)

+
0
=
y 1,3/2.
=
max 2 min can ocer at(2,0) (2,1)
(2,314
Now substitute all critical points and
f1994).
points from cores in 2 =
Largest value is Absolute max
Lowestvalue is Absolute min

of verify whether the sets A and Base.

convex,
A
9(x,y)/x
=
y 16,44=44
9494)/y.}
B =
A. Set A
-
Ist
Not a convex set
Set B.
-
".......
-
/ Convex set
&
·
=
Y2
8
=-2 VA
9 =-2
y 2 HA-
=
&For the
, evaluate the
function 2
fxcy)=(y
=
of
elasticity substitution.
and
verify the outer's theorem.
( g-
Ans
-
-
z
f(x,y)
=
=
MRTS= Ex - (8
Fly
=
082
+
(+0g)(-)
-
4(2
=
↳x
Maast
=
=
=2.
A
=
2(2) 94
Euler's theorem
-138)=(+ sy
flasaz: dy
=
18+
d+ 4d Ax
=
Homogenous deque=1
Evelers
-
xf + Yx f(914)
=
x.s+ g()
its =
+
y.+8852
= -
82 12-2 -+
+
=
(8 Ef
+ 0.8
hence
proved
NTERMEDIATE MRE
=>
CYEAR-2017)
⑪ For
any two non-zero vectors a and b prove
that
a.b
yla+b- 419-b
=
**RArs= by
l19+ 4119-bI
(91). (a-b)
I4+ b) (a+b) ty
= -
I (a-hab+lb- [19KGarb+b)
an+9b+-at ab
->
Gb ab (it's
=
=
Hence proved -
⑦Show that it set ofvectors 1,2,...<n)

is
linearly independentand 24,1,.--(n-1
are
any sealer then set of vectors
Ex-ecn, z-Gan, ---, n+- (n-14n)
is also
linearly independent
Ans.
- Assuming , x2, 43, ....
In are Lit
then
1141 + k242 3x3 +-- +kn2n 04
+ =
imples k1=K2-...- kn 0 =
Aw a-can,...., En-1-2n-1.
m,221-41<n7 + me(2-22 <n)+--+Mn., kn-1-(nan)

O
(m,x 7
=
+mex2+.
mm <R-1
xn (MIC1+...+Ma-(n-1) 0
=
-
Let mi2+...+Mn-2n-1=mn
then
mix +
mex2+-+mn/4n-1+(- mn) <n 0
=
Now compare this squation

with
mic K11
0
M2= K2 0
=
!
mn= kn 0
=
since one, ...mn-1 =0 then.
4-212n,... En--In-1an.
are
linearly Independent vector's
③ Asquare matrix of zero and ones in which

-
the sum ofelements in each row and each.

column is
exactly one is called a permutation.
matrix. Show that 2x2 Permutation matrix is
Invertible and find its Invense.

Ans.
let P [qu
eI
-
-
=
where 911+912 1, 921+922=

=
1
911+921=1,9127922= 1
means
aijt 90,13 Fi,j=12.
Now let
p=C,0]
P1 0
=
-1=-1
=, AdP 1 =
[-]
⑦Show than any positive odd integral power of

a
skew-symmetric matrixis also skew symmetric.
Ans.
mmetric
matrixmeans
-
AT
= A
#ove! CANT-A4-
LINS =
(A4T
=>
(AXAX... Alt
(-ATX-Atx... X-AT)
=>
T
(:. AE A].
-
when his odd then
(- ATn)t
=
=
-
ATT) =
-
An
Hence proved.
5 Find the equation of line passing through the

Point P21,3,2) (2,5,-6).Where
Q does this
line intersectsyplane.
Asequation of line L.
P(1,3,2) Q (2,5, -6)

12 1 t= +
2t
y 3
=
+
z 2 + 8t
=
onemeans 2 0=
2+4
4 B x1=
-
=
0
=
t
y=3 z 42
=
(3/4,512,0
Iverify cauchy schwarz qnequality for two

vectors a 11,2,47, b (6,1-5)
=
R cauchy schwarz inequalit

C
19.b1 & Hall (b1
9.b 6 =
-
2 -
20 -
= 16
19-b1 16 =
11911 = 12 + (2P+Y2 1
=
11811 = 36 +1+25:152
119114b1 (23608 =
Hence 1961.I all 11b1
parred
I consider anquatoutput model with the industries

A, B, c.
suppose thatthe quitreaniment
are given
by the
followingBC
A
table.
Industry A 911=0 9R=0.2 913 = 0.3
Industry B 921204 922=0 923=

0.5
qudulty c 931=010320.3933 =0
final
pos
The demand is given
by
is whatis the economic
puterpretation of auto
for all in
his whatis the economic interputation (ifany)

an+ 921+ 931
(i) What is the economic interpretation (ifany)
921+ 922+02s
IV) whatis the economic interpretation 1800 in

final demand vector.
[VI the
write leantiefsystem for this model
Ans.
-is air-o means
industry
it is not
consuming
itself
(i) 911 +921+ 931 0.5 =
0.5 consumed
unit by InductY a from
A, B and 2 to produced one unit of
Industry A
(ii) 921+ 922 + 923 0.9. =
09 unit sold by Industry B to

industry
A, B and 2 so that
they can reduced
their one unit of output.
In
100 unitdemance
by consumer for product
(v) Leontief
-
system
Ax D X
+
=
S·y 8285](+ (88]=(

00
-
show that the
following system of equations:
yx y
+
z
+
1
=
x+
dy +
zd =
2
12 y dz d
+ +
=
has unique solution

provided dt-2 and d=1.
find the solution. Explain the nature solution
of
When d=1 -
AlB=(Y's]
As
For unique solution

/A13x376
is to
d (221 -1(9-1) +1(1 d) =0 -
&-1)[40 + 1) -
1 -
17+6
⑯-1)(d4d -2) +0
&-1)(d + 2)(d 1) 0
- +
&1-2 and & 71

whennst[,;;)
R2fR2-R1
R3 + R3 R9
-
L I
I
I 1 I I
00 00
000 o
V(A VLAB) = =
1
Hence for bit, Infinite solubon.
09. Sketch the level curves for the following

-
function atheights specified by K.

e) f(x,y)=y3c, atthe height k=0
(i) 92977-y-Inse, atthe heightk=0,2.

(i) f(x, y yx
#
=
y
y x43
=
(i) Y-1x 0, =
y-In = 2
Y= IRC, y_ Ixt2
⑱ suppose z=
fexxy) has continuous
second order partial x=2+s
derivative with
and
y 25s.
=
find
by and
E
Ans.
-
-
+
=-Ex(22 2(25) +
=diet at Eart
G+ e) +
12) (+E
+
-
2=
+
20+ 2(28)
o Letz
-
=
x2+3xy-y?Suppose a changes
from 2 50 and
to
y changes from 3 to 4.98
2 and d2.
find and compare the value of
Ans. 32+ 3xy-y2
-
-
2 =
old 2
24324(3)
=>
-
32
at 0 2
13
=
y3
=
New,
=2001 =(201 +39201) (2.98) -2984
y 2.98
=1311291
=
12 =
NW2-01d2
181291
=>
-
13:01291
dz (2x = +
3y)dx+(3xxzy) dy
dz
(2x2)
=
3(3)) (0.01 +
+
((4-2)for
(31.01)
=
0.3
=
ofconsider the cobb-douglas function,

-
fey)=syb ca, bare constant defined

thatIis concave.
for 120 and you prove
it and only ifthe exhibits constantor
decreasing return to scale.

fo aatyb =
fy=beybt
a 2
-
b
fix 9 (a-1x
=
y A
=
Asy abs9-1yb-1=
=
B
1)x9yb-
z
fly= b(b- c
=
Dos concare:
--
A
=
0
aca-patyb ==> 0ca21

C20
1)x9yb-
2
b (b- 0 02b=
=
1
Ac B=0 -
abCa-(b-* y2b-2_(9byby2
ab,ca-y2b-(( 1) (b 1) ab) =0
-
-
abscaty(ab-a-b+1-ad)10
abcacyb(1-(a b) 1 0
=
+
I a b2
+
Homogenous degree of fess, 41 is
a +
b
since 1
9 b=+
is constant
means for concave 1494
detoren to scale or
decreasing retren
to scale
⑬Find for function

which (x,y) the
following
is well defined (domain):
f(x,y) = x In (y=s
Hence, sketch the domain in the
sy-plane.
Ans.
- F(x,y)= xInCy
->
C? 0 ey2 x 0
y SC
N
C
2
"(111111
⑰.
-
Consider the funcion f(x,y)= sef
In what direction should one move from
increase the value
-
the point (2,1) to

Whatis
of the function most
rapidly.
the maximum rate ofIncrease 2.
-
Ans.
-
let z 12ey-=
=(2e2+1) e8 +
e2y xfx+1)
-
zgg-?
Direction when function increases
most
rapidly from (2,1)
If
I
=
=- 4 44
+
maximum rate of increase-114fI

-Y7.
⑮ Find the eavation of plane
tangent and
the normal line to the surface.
Fy)= c+ y4+ef atthe

Point (1,0,2)
AsAis =
2x+ e't.Y.
ty yy3+e?s
=
Equation oftangentplane.
2 2,-
f(194)(xx) fy(1,94 (y-y

=
2 2 2(x 1) (y-0)
- - +
=
2 -
2 2x 2
= -
y
+
2 21+ y
=
of consider the national model

- qucome
described
by the three equation's
y2 =
1
+ +
40
c x
B(Y T)2
= +
-
T
y 8y
= +
Here Y is the national

income, consumption a
Go public expenditure and

·to
investment,
T Tax revenue.
Find 1 and
840 240
A put the value of 225 in Equation
⑪
y =x +
B(y (8 -
+
84) lotho
+
hot 40
y x
P(y- y 84)+
= +
-
4 x
B(Y 84) By+ lo+40
=
+
-
-
Y BY + B8Y
- c
=
-
By o+40
+
(1 P P8)
↑
- +
c
= -
By +tot 40
totGo)
By+
7 +
=
(x-
1
B B8
+
-
= it's itpo
⑰Which of the following function are
homogenous homother9.
(i) f(14y) oppy, gy2 =
Inct (:yE8)
(i) h(18):
Es (i) f(xy) ey+scy: =
61642
f(d,494) 24x248
+
Id FLY
Not
homogenous.
N Let F(0) eU
=
h2x9,3) = xy+ xy2

h(d1x,y) 13h2x4) =
A is and hea
strictly increasing
is
homogenous.
and f(x) F(h(x,y) =
hence f47) is homothetic
(i) hexy)= in()

neasay-
In): din()
Homogenous with
deque o
hence homothetic
⑧Ilet f(x,y)=2 utyuy+1 be

the
defined over the area bounded by
straight lines =0, y 2 and
y 2x. Find = =
and
classify all exterme points of this
function. Also find the exterme values.

of the function f 2x4).
Ans.
- f(x,y) 29-4x+ yegy+)
=
Domain
osfat"
SO2
-
s
fi = 49-4 0, =
fy 2y-y
=
0
=
51 =12
y2 =
Q2: 1012 214

y 2. =
f(x,2) 2x 4x +2=
4C4 +)
=
Let
g24 2x4x-3(t(0) =
g(G 4x2 4 0
=
-
11 1 =
maxa win can occur at

10t
G (0,0) (1,2)
y 2x=
f(1,21) 2, 4x +(x) 4129)=

+1
Let hes 602-12x+1 SECON

=
h(p =12x 12 0 -
=
12
1 =
maxa min can occur at (1,2) (0,0)

CaseII 2010) 10,4
92I0
f 20,y1
y24y+1 =
H2Y = 92-yy+ y= (012]

let
Hily) 2y-y 0
=
=
y 2 =
max 2 min can ocen at 10,0) (a2)
Point 2112) C010] &27

z
f) 5 I 3
-
=
H ↓
Absolute Absolute
Max
⑲ Find all local exterme points and or
saddle prints for the following function.
f(x,y) xP +3y3 15 2x-9y

=
-
-
Afix:39-s-2
fy qy2q
=
o/fyg
↑x =
35 = 1 0
2=
-
=0
y=
x 1, 43
= -
(1,1) 21,1) (43)729,t)

F1 612 =
-
1 A
=
↑y 82B
=
flyy=18y =
c
I
At(111) At C1-1 At (2/i AttYs
A 5 20
=
=
A
5 A 15A 5
= =
B 0
=
B0 = B 0
=
B 0
=
c = 1820 2 =
+ 18 C= 10 (N8
minimals(he I
Al-BY O
i s
Baxima
NTERMEDIATE MRE
=>
CYEAR-2016)
Of
-
Ifthe set ofvectors (,,42,43) is
-
linearly dependent, then prove that

Setof rectors
(4, 42,4, 4) is also
linearly dependent
Ans.
-
x,, 423 are L.D
then k1x+ k2x2+k343:0

- At dent two KiF0t i=1, 2, 3.
NOW
k1x,222 +1343+ 0 0 =
k1x1 +K22+ k3x3

4
0
+ =
kno butAt leasttwo ki =1,1,3

are non zero. hence linearly dependent
1, 422,(y)
②
IR the Setofvector (h,v,w) is linery.
Independentthen show thatthe set ofvector's
(N+V, n-v,M-2V+w) also

is
linearly padedent.
Ans. kiM + k2V + k3w 0
-
=
Given:K1 K2 k3 0
= =
=
Now
(M+V, M-V, M-2V+1/
M1(4 +V) m2) M-v) +m3(M-2V+w)
+
0
=
0
To prove: M = M2 = m3 0
=
945
(mitmitrb)h+ (11-M2-2M3)V+M3W 0
=
3
k 1 M1 + M2 + M3 0
=
mo
K2 = M1-M2-23 = 0
123 =
Es
&M1 0 =
MHI 0 =
M2 0
=
Hence Linearly independent

③ Find the rank matrix

A when x+y+2.
of
-
(Yfz,( =
y = 2
(1,4,2 40) where.
(izI
A
=
As Apply (2+22-C1
(3733-(1
I
⑧
fAI= I
xy
x2
-
Yx2 zI
x 2-
I
O
i
J's
IAF(8-9) (2-1)
A
92 YTC IHC
I I
/A1 18 1(2 -x)
= -
I I
y +x249
=(y (z x) (2 + xx-y-)
+
-
(y x)(z
=
- -
x)(2-7)
/1 x +4 + 2
IAF0 hence (Al-- 3
(e) x
y+2.
=
/A1 (y ()(2 +1)(2

=
-
-
1)
1A1=0, WIAF3
(in I
O
IAI
se
minor oforder 2x2
1 2+s) 2 x =
0
4 (y+2]
Hence (CA) 2. =
() C y 2.
=
(,200I
O
A =
8 O
All minor of order 2x2 are non see
hence (A)=
1
show thatevery skew-symmetric matrix

⑪I
of order th odd integral is singular

Ans means
=
skew symmetric matrix
A -
=
At
1A=1- AT1
/A1 GIMAT)
=
S:/KA KYAS
=
/A1 (-1" 1Al

= 1IAT1 1A1]
=
When i is odd then.
1A1 = -1A1
/A1 +(A =
0
2 IA1 0
=
1A1 0
=
hence A
is
singular Matrix.
⑤ Examine whether the following pairs.

ofplane intersects;
x 24
+
- 32 6
=
x 3y+ -
22 6
=
As Normal vectors ofthe planesar.

R (1,2,
=
-3)
R2 (1,3,-2)
=
n + kne 1. They are not proportional)

Hence they don't intersects.
ofFind of line I
the equation passing-
through the pointP1,-24) and perpendical a
to plane given by the Equation.

3x +
5y+72 15 =
Ans
I
x a,+ td1
=
of Maiden
=
yarttdz Equator
9121, 92 =-2, 03 Y.=
di 3, d2 5, d3 =7
=
=
x 1+
= 3t
y -
=
2 + 5t
2 4 7t
=
+
-
07 consider an qaput outputmodel with
three
industry A, B, C, suppose thatthe opt
requirement are given by the following
table.
A C
B
Industry A 911 0= G12=02 AB01

=
B A21=0.3 922 0
=
923 02
=
C 931 0.2 01 993 0

923
=
= =
Demand (D)=
(I
(i) whatis economic interpretation ofthe

condition airto for all i =
1,2,3
As it means No industry are

consuming
outputitself
(ii) whatis the economic interpretation.
cit any) ofthe sum antanas?
As
-
it means consumption by industry A-
From quantry A, B, to produce one unit
ofIndustry A.
(i) What is the economic interpretation

lipany) of the sum azl+anctans
AsTotal number ofunit told by qudetry.

B to industry A, that
they can.
B, C so
produced their per unit worth ofoutput

In whatis the economic interputation of
the element95in the final demand ventor
As it means 95 unit demanded by consumer.

from industry or Industry issold 95unit
to consumers.
() went the leantef system for

d
model?
*
let X be the total output
X CI
= ATD
=
-
A
=
[088?82]
[]
D=
x =
IATD, X-
)
pis solve
Students.
g
(4 853,( 95.5,93 20
=
=
=
↳
consider the
following system ofsquation.
(9-17x+ by 0 =
(1 971
by
- - 0
=
x+
y1 =
(i) I429 lies

blwo and
I, how many
solution does the
of Equation have 1.
system
(i) the condition that99 lies
Ignoring
blw 0 and I. Find the value ofband a so that
·the system has no
Solution.
Ans.
Ca l
- Augmented Matrix-
(AB]
*A
(q=
=
Now minor of order 2x2
It(p) =
-12+p-p+=
0
I 2-1)
I
3-1
=
+4 P+9+
=
I 12 b1 1 b x+
-
1 2
-
+
-
=
=
Now IAB1=
[ 3,]
Acolumn a
(-bya 4xP +2) 0
+ =
Now when zet)=1 qmplies

P + 9- 1 0 I p + a 1
Att
= =
p -q +1 0 =) =
24 0
=
= p0 =
91 =
i) when
P22t(02) then 2A=2.
and WIAB) =
2 became 1AB19x) 0
hence
infinite solution.
(i) Ryonveg the condition ( 19E(011)

p and
when = 0 2:1 then W1= 1
whenko and 2 = 1 then
18,88] wmB=
AB =
-
USA 21B) 1 =
=
Hence infinite solution.

No possibility ofNo Solution.
& Asets in 12 is said to be it
convex
Xts, Yes and be (01)=> (r-d+dyes.

using definition, verify whether the following
Set is convex,
Ans. LetX (1,2) GS = c4122L

=
Y (41,42)
= tS =>Y14z = 2.
Now Check for CI-d/X+dY
(1 d)
-
(x,1(2) d(4,,42).
+
((1394 + 64, 41-171 + 9Y).

f(944) cy =
putthe part in fly) (y

Above =
(Cr1x + 94) (T-d) 12 942). +
=Crack+d(-dayztdard19Y
+d '4Y2.
2 + dy, 4 +da-d) (944+2Y)

=
=cracastd.(C-rd)
Ytty
(d(14x2
=
-
d(1 d)9(2+ d4,42
-
->
d(1-d) 4142 +61l-d felt +eGY)
-[41 11,4x
+93,Y]-dat
-
(C1-91, 64,72) -d(-d)(xxx

72))
+
-
=
4(1 42)
-
=(C1-d1,4 94-d(rd) (x-y,) (x-Yz)0

+
I #
NO
-
w
we know
-
14421 2 YiYz = 2
-back (2(1-d) (i) d47z=2d(
(i) +(i)
(1-d),as +dT7z= 2
I +
I
N
I
& Crd) (19-41) (122-42).
sie say is
Rectonglar hyperbola.
then
41,1) (4,42)
"I
124,
12342.
then in I
(
o
)
Now in 3D
#
↓
12
79
&
Heless than saval to 2
and -
It is positive. Mcans.
I +I-1 Not
necessary? I
hence Not a forex set
d sketch the level for the following

curve
functions at s
height pecified by K.
(i) f(x,y) =
xy atthe height
k 0,2.
=
(i) 914y)=(7-csp2 atthe heightk = 4.
f(x,3=sy
As (i)
k 0
=
K 2.
=
-
y0
- =
gy 2 =
=Y s=Y + 3
W Wi
(i)
9(x,y)=(y-2, 4.
y -
2x +
=
2y -
2x -
=
2.
& &
⑰ IF2 f(47) and f is differentable.

=
st1
x= and y s-t; show that
=
-= Es. I
Es
=
2 2.1
=
--
6 2 Gy.
=
I tay.1 =
New
IE:(i(a
=4-()
②The demand forgoods, is given by

X m" =
p*** (10, PPo, 10)
The demand for goods is given by
x2 m22 pa2!F*2 (1>0,p,,R).
=
(where by, b2, an, 412, 921,922 942 positive

constant; the
money income
on is
b, p2 are price per unit and Nexe

are unit demanded)
Find the directand cross price destity
ofdemand for both the good,
Determine whether the goods are substitute.

or
complemently.
Ans.
- X= mbp,"" b
i-apart b
=
& mb pa" apq-
=
8P2
Xz me* 4,921
= pa
m? as, pap
=
=mb2D!-az
911-1912
-
M=, t-arpaim"!-aps pu
=-
All
Niz=
aiamentat
912
-
nai=
12-partearli
=
951
I!-az
nz
2mp,"Pizzm*
=
=- 922
N2, M191,92,70 substitute goods.

⑬ In a
factory, the daily output
a 60kY3
=
units where denotes

the
capital investment (in units of2,100
and his the size of labour force.
the currentcapital
(in working hour
Investmentis as 9,00,00 and 1000 working.
hours of labour are used each day. Using
differential, estimate the change in output

thatwill result. When Capital investment
is increased
by 3%.
D Q 60KYLY3
=
G 6k42543.
=
I'
⑤=6
da=Gd+ 6 G dK
&L 103L=
dK=103K:
da
14523(031)+KY3
=
=60k2(Y(5) 60k*3) +
604(3(3+
=
=60112(43(01+-01st
-
=> Q
.025
2.5% of R.
=
42. Y3
a 60kY2(Y60(4,00,00 11000
=
=
Q, = 90,00,00 60(300) (10)

=
L=1068 =100000
da 180,000X.025 4520
=
=
⑭ Find and sketch the domain of below

funcion f(x43)
=
x-1
Ans.
-
-
> + y+
1 = 0 and 11 F 0
+Y2-1 and 17
o
of
5 consider the
following system
Equation
w
z
xY
+
zw =
x+y
Find the differential 2 and we expressed
of
in terms
of de and dy.
-
Ans. 2 fw xY =
Apply differential both the side
de D
dr+ di= dy +y
+
zw x
=
Y
both the side
Apply differential
2 dw+wdz dx+dy =
2
Solve Eq U and 99
dz dw-yds=
+
A
Woz
+zdw-dy=B
/
Wdz waw Au +
wdz + 2dw B =
- -
-
(C-2)dw=Aco-B
dw-
10
d2+ A A
=
W -
2
&= =A-
(A
de =
AwB +
W-2
d2 = B
-
-
A2
w-2
in dw= B
W - z
-z(((dy + ydx) w-dx -
day
di-
it(Wi-Ddy+ (wy-11dx]
qnd2 = B-A2
-
W-I.
dy -xxy yd,)z]
d=
i(dx
+ +
1((1-2)
=
dy (1 zy)
+
-
d)
W-Z
⑯ Find the directional decivative of

the fundion f 1, at 11,0
(993) =
in the direction from p(-1).

In whatdirection Ihas maximum mult

ofacrease.I what is the maximum
hate of increase.
Ans.
f(x,y) =
=-
xfy.
fic
? yz
-
fy = =
(x492
·
g ,
vector 2-1-1, 1-0)

Direction -
(-2, 1)
=
K
Unitdirection vector-
-
(,)
Arenal
derivate
DF(1,0) 2
nik
-
+ 88(1,0)
ok
=s-
a
1
Direction where max rate of universe

OCSUN &
x*:
=-
maximum rate of increre.

4=
VYfll=
⑰Find the equation of

plane. That
is
tangent to the given surface.

Ans.
-
-
2 Incity
=
at point (1,0,0)
,
OL
-= EC2 0
=
by s2ty2 54 (1,99
squation of tangentplane.
2 z -
f1(10,40) (x291%
= + b(1941-yo)
2 -
0 =
20x 1) -
+
z =
2( -
1)
ofind the exterme points and exterme
values for fees defined over.
Sets when:
sy
f (1,4) e
=
i
s= E4,4:
*f(4y)= ey
--
f eY?2x=0
ty:essay=0]
=
Now YE 1
y
y
f(17) e
=
Put y= 1-s
-2 21 -
9(1)
-
2
=
F1
=C
st(-)
94 e* (4x) = 0
=
-[20
YE 1-o1 =
7 If
=
maxe min can occur at10,-1)(9) (1,0)

(-1,0)
points 1010) (02) (0,-1) 4,0) (1,4

F(97) I set e e
nee
Absolute Absolute max

min
&9. F(x,y)=ty+ Key, where K.

takes the values
except 2 and -2.
find the pointof f(xy). Determine

stationary
the values of the constant for which,
this stationaly pointis
(i) local minimum point
fl saddle point.
*f(x,y)= +3+
kxy
f( 21+ =
ky) 2y+4
=
f 0
=
fy 0
=
29ky=0D2y+Kx 0& =
x
2 y-
-
=
=
put the value of y in 20

29 4
()
- 0
+
4x 42 -
0
=
(4-KY = 0
9 0
=
kEY FK 2. =
it to then
y 0,
= whitered
hence (0,0) is Port
stationary
fg 2 =
A
=
B
fiy= k
=
fly =
2
=
At (0,0)
C 2.
A 2, =
B =
K, =
ACB 4-
= K2
(i) minima. AC-B2 20
y -
k2>0
(2 -
k)(2 1) 20
+
k = 72,2)
-
A 2,0=
C 270
=
hence (0,0) the

is minima point when
k7 ( -
2,2)
(i) Ac - B20 (Saddle)
4 - k0
[2 k) -
(2+ K) <0
E( c, -2)
& - UC2,20)
for saddle
X
/202950
hai 90+40
.
Wrong.
=
. . .
..
-
-
-= 1
~* I
X
③
*
Not,
inabus
P. T.0
X
for right
sa
I I
Ans. zil
-
let I be the
lengthof
-
cube.
1A(a, v)
Area = a 612 P
=
volume:Ve
93
② dinde by 8
8 a
=
1 6= =
fa =
f(6,1) 62 1 =
=
a =
-
-z = + fa(sil) =
f f(x)
= =E 1 = =
fa,ef16in + faldy (a-a +f(6,1) (V-a)

=1
(a- 6) IV -
- +
X
Notsus
-
X
X
X
A
X
L

Intermediate MME Past Year

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(Past Year Papers Solutions)

note- If you find any mistake in any calculations

y is the function of K2L and K2L are the

function oft Hence y is the composite function of t

where we we are the weights.

W2=K2 ktimes the =

Putthe value ofUICUK in ED

And ↑(x,y) Inyz=InGT+Y

↳ I(b) Approximate value of 1.02,0.02)

fley)-Ici+YY, fitty, fig

- 1944 =f(1,0) +f,,l, 4 (951) + fy (90) (3-0)

A(ax, de,---den) 199.992-191.-9n =

((x,2. -(n) => -

f is homogenous with dequen

Every 1storder partial derivative of homogenous

Al and I are also homogenous with dequee

Now f(0,9) f((13), 3(5))

f(6,9) 32f(215) 9(13)

Mev are endogenous variable.

f(x ( y4.z 2x.2(x+y2)

risfom" iswhere increues and

I is increas from III, 1) When I increases and xy

ANS. 2(9) f(x,y) = x2 y'-xy-s3

for critical point fit and fy= 0

(5, 2) is saddle point.

An(2) f(994) xeY-x-e8

0 1922 and 02411

putef value from 90 in ED

y does not y 172.

max 2 min can occur at10,0) (t,% (2,0)

&(1,1) = x2e- x-e

maxcmin can occur at

same process is for why,

A224 f(x,y) 2xxy) et

Pic (2x xy)

cy) e8+ e4(0-x)

Ac-B 2x 4x4 >0

(- 2, -2) is the min point

of show thatthe following A

vertible and Find

For Finding At we need cofactor's

yz 3(i),2x 6(1) cy 2.(ii)

③Determine the rank of matrix,for all values of

(( p)20 2((2 b) 0) y(0

NOW WIKYF3 IFIb 2 = ay or 6

Hence WIK) 2 = ittb = 2 or yort

0 consider the system oflinear equations,

↳) For whatreal values of pc9, the following system of

⑯6. Find the eavation of Plane passing through the point

az) 13(2 a3)

<,I,1) does not.

of Find the pointwhere (Intersectthe plane

sincet is same Lie on L.

pls solve kar Lene Bacho

i) For whatvalues of x B does the

(i) for whatvalue's of <2B, does the

Hence At solution does not

x =4 [BER-503 provided No solution.

(i) For unique solution CA=WHB) =2.

For finding the solution, Apply Cramer's rule

②. Examine whether the

Hence an fine solution