International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and Energy Engineering 2016

26-27 December, 2016, Khulna, BANGLADESH

ICMIEE-PI-160347
Design and Construction of Speed Checker and Alarming System to
Detect Rush Driving and Its Future Modification
Pratik Roy *, Md. Golam Kader
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT
Nowadays road accident is a daily occurrence in our daily life. Most of the road accidents are happened due to the rash
driving or reckless driving. Too many people are losing their lives because of others mistakes. At present, traffic polices
have to use a handheld radar gun to detect rash driving and aim at the vehicles to record its speed. If the vehicle exceeds the
speed limit, nearest police station is informed to stop the speeding vehicle. This is an ineffective process because after
detecting one has to inform the same and a lot of time is wasted. So, the aim of this project is to develop an effective device
to detect rash driving on highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case of any speed violation. The proposed system
will check on rash driving by calculating the speed of a vehicle using the time taken to travel between the two set points at a
fixed distance. The speed limit is set by the police who use the system depending upon the traffic at the specific location. If
the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds alerting the police. This concept can be extended in future by integrating
a camera with the system which could capture the image of the number plate of the vehicle to send that to the traffic
authorities.

Keywords: road accident, speed checker, alarm, device.

1. Introduction In this system, distance between two IR sensors will be

There has been an alarming rise in road accidents,
significantly highway accidents, in Bangladesh over the
past few years. According to a study conducted by the
Accident Research Centre (ARC) of BUET, road
accidents claim on average 12,000 lives annually and
lead to about 35,000 injuries [1]. According to World
Bank Statics, annual fatality rate from road accidents is
found to be 85.6 fatalities per 10,000 vehicles [2]. In our
country, different traffic rules are applied for driving
vehicles on highways to avoid this road accident. One of
the important traffic rules is speed limit. There are some
specific maximum speed limits of vehicles in specific
areas. While driving on highway, drivers should not
exceed maximum speed limit permitted for that area.
But in our country, drivers are not totally aware of about
traffic rules especially about maximum speed limit of
vehicles. So, accident keeps occurring due to speed
violation since the drivers tends to ignore their
speedometers. It can be only stopped by giving
punishment to those drivers who do not maintain speed
limit. In this case, speed detecting device or speed
checker can be helpful for detecting over speed vehicles.
Speed checker is mainly a speed tracking device which
is designed to record and display the speed of any
vehicle driving on highways. If alarming system is
added to the system, then it will also sound an alarm
when the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the
high ways. Then it will be easy for traffic police to
detect the over speed vehicles and give punishment to
the drivers of the vehicles. As a result, drivers will alert
about maximum speed limit and road accident will
decrease to the minimum rate. So, our aim of this
project is to develop this speed checker device to detect
rash driving on highways and to alert the traffic
authorities in case of any speed violation.
fixed and time will be calculated while a vehicle is
passing these two IR sensors. Then speed will be
measured from fixed value of distance and calculated
value of time. If measured speed exceeds the speed limit,
the alarm will sound which will alert the traffic police.
Speed limit can be varied according to places. So, it can
be used in every traffic spot or any place of highways to
detect rash driving. Further modifications of this system
can reduce the instant presence of traffic police.
2. Working Principle
The main aim of the project is to check the speed of
vehicles to prevent rash driving on the highways.
Nowadays due to over speed of vehicles and rash
driving lots of accidents are taking place. We can reduce
the number of accidents by using speed checker which
can be used in highways. With the help of this project
we can check the speed of vehicles and alert when speed
limit is exceeded for the prevention of accidents.
This system basically comprises of two IR sensors
which are installed on the highway 20cm apart. The
system displays the time taken by the vehicles in
crossing the distance from one sensor to other from
which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated as
follows:
Speed = Distance / Time (1)
Where,
Distance is the total distance between the two sensors.
Time is the interval between crossing the first sensor
and second sensor.
In whole system, the speed is calculated continuously
and repeatedly by this principle. The speed limit is
given arbitrarily in Arduino programing according to

* Pratik Roy. Tel.: +88-01711963448

E-mail address: Pratik.roy94@gmail.com
the maximum speed limit of the specific area. When 4. Construction
speed limit will be exceeded, the buzzer will sound an The proposed system will check on rash driving by
alarm alert the traffic authorities. calculating the speed of a vehicle using the time taken to
travel between the two set points at a fixed distance. A
3. Components and Whole System set point consists of a pair of sensors comprising of an
The necessary components of whole system are cheap
enough. Name of the components and its quantity are IR transmitter and an IR receiver, each of which are
given below: installed on either sides of the road. The speed limit is
(a) A wooden frame. set by the police who use the system depending upon
(b) An Arduino UNO Microcontroller board. the traffic at the very location. The time taken by the
(c) Two IR sensors. vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is
(d) Two 4V batteries.
calculated by an Arduino program. Based on that time it
(e) Three Variable Resistors.
(f) Wires. then calculates the speed and displays that on an LCD.
(g) A Buzzer Moreover if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer
(h) A LCD Screen. sounds alerting the police.
(i) Four Vero Boards The main steps of developing this project are:
The layout and the circuit diagram of the system are (a) At first logic for Arduino programming has to be
easily understandable. The layout and circuit diagram of
developed. It is developed through the development
whole system is given below:
of flow chart.
(b) After developing logic, whole programming has to
be completed according to requirements.
(c) Whole programming has to be imputed into
Arduino.
(d) Then circuit has to be designed.
(e) Different parts have to be connected to complete
the circuit as per design.
(f) At last circuit has to be connected to an output
power source and has to be examined whether it
works or not.
(g) If the circuit doesn’t work, the whole circuit has to
be checked according to the design.
(h) If the circuit is no okay, then some changes have to
be done in logic program.

Fig.1 The system layout

Fig.3 Top view of constructed system

Fig.2: Circuit Diagram
ICMIEE-PI-160347-2
5. Performance Test and Calculation Speed within the limit: In this step, simply speed of
moving objects passing through IR sensors are
5.1 Performance Test determined and shown into LCD screen.
The performance of the device was tested by these
following processes:
(a) Each of the components was first tested in order to
check for state of performance and accurate values.
(b) The connection of each component on the project
board was then tested. This was done in order to
assess the continuity, which is meant for proper
connection of the circuit and to detect any wrong
connection.
(c) A movement with known value of speed within the
limit was allowed to pass through two IR sensors
and the speed value was observed on LCD screen.
(d) A movement with known value of speed over the
limit was allowed to pass through two IR sensors
and the speed value was observed on LCD screen.
The alarm sound was also observed then.

Fig.5 Project running when speed is within limit

5.2 Calculation
When a vehicle is passed through the IR sensors, time is
Speed exceeds the limit: In this step, speed of moving
calculated.
objects passing through IR sensors are determined and
Suppose,
shown into LCD screen. Also gives alert by showing
Time to pass these two sensors = .1s = .0000278 h
over on LCD screen and sounding an alarm for half
Now, The distance between two IR sensors = 20 cm =
second.
20 × 10-5 km
The speed = distance/time
= (20 × 10-5 km) /.0000278 h
= 7.2 km/h = 7 km/h (approximately)

6. Results and Discussion

6.1 Results
Results can be explained by following steps:
Initial Condition: In this step, when switch is on, the
word “speed meter” is shown on LCD screen.

Fig.6 Project running when speed exceeds the limit

Fig.4 Project running on initial condition
6.2 Discussion
A prototype of a speed checker and alarming system
was designed, constructed and tested in this project.
It takes less than one second to response to a vehicle
passing through the IR sensors of the system. It does not
need daily maintenances. For this project, no electricity
i.e. AC current is not needed. A few volt battery as DC
current supply is enough for the system.
It is too tough to guess the speed of vehicle without the
means of any system. Speed checker helps to check the
speed of vehicles. Thus we can check whether the
vehicle’s speed is in certain limit or not. This will help
ICMIEE-PI-160347-3
to detect reckless and drunk drivers easily by giving
alarm when vehicle exceeds the certain speed limit. So,
the traffic authorities can detect reckless and drunk
drivers easily through these systems and give
punishment for breaking speed limit traffic rules. Then,
drivers will be more conscious about the speed limit. As
most of the road accidents occur because of rash driving
and reckless driving, then the occurrence of road
accidents will decrease by great number. So, many
valuable lives can be saved then.
There are some drawbacks in the constructed prototype.
We know, black color doesn’t reflect any radiation. It
takes all radiations into it. So, if infrared radiation from
transmitter of IR sensor falls upon black color vehicle, it
will not reach to the receiver by reflection. That’s why
IR sensor cannot detect black color vehicles. The
prototype is constructed for only one way roads not for
two way roads. The Arduino programming should be
modified for two ways roads or two similar circuits has
to be used in both sides of the road. IR sensor is not so
much effective in sunlight. There may be variation in
speed value during sunlight. By using proper covers,
this problem can be slightly minimized.

7. Conclusion
It is due to the reckless or rash driving, traffic accidents
keep with a yearly of a high rate. To minimize this, a
speed checker and alarming system was designed,
constructed and tested in this project. This project
shows the algorithm of speed calculating and indication
of over speed. It also shows the techniques of checking
of speed of vehicles and detecting over speed vehicles
on highways. This system is more effective than radar.

REFERENCES
[1] Study on Road Accident Condition, Accident
Research Center (ARC) of BUET, July 2012.
[2] Report on Road Accident Statistics, World Bank,
June 2015.

ICMIEE-PI-160347-4