GROUP 10

OSEI, Emmanuel Kofi Asante 8696721 20815772

OSEI, Kelvin 8696821 20819390
OSEI, Princess 8696921 20829757
OSEI BONSU, Comfort 8697021 20855361
OTENG, Praise Owusu 8697121 20840076
OTI, Bismark 8697221 20805941
OWU, Faustina Aba 8697321 20805973
OWUSU, Sekyere Junior 8697421 20872994
OWUSU - APPIAH, Edward Collins 8697521 20831162

PERTEY, Nhyira Merelyn 8697621 20806538

APPLICATION: ELECTRICITY
TOPIC: RLC SERIES CIRCUIT
An electric circuit containing a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor.
Such a circuit is called an RLC series circuit.

RLC circuits are used in many electronic systems, most notably as

tuners in AM/FM radios. The tuning knob varies the capacitance of the
capacitor, which in turn tunes the radio. Such circuits can be modeled by
second-order, constant-coefficient differential equations.
Let 𝐼(t) denote the current in the 𝑅𝐿𝐶 circuit and 𝑞(t) denote the charge
on the capacitor. Furthermore, let 𝐿 denote inductance in Henrys (H), 𝑅
denote resistance in ohms (Ω), and 𝐶 denote capacitance in farads (F).
Let 𝐸(t) denote electric potential in volts(V).

The formula for calculating the RLC series circuit is given as;

ⅆ2𝑞 ⅆ𝑞 1
𝐿 +𝑅 + 𝑞 = 𝐸(t)
ⅆ𝑡 2 ⅆ𝑡 𝐶
EXAMPLE
• Find the charge on the capacitor in an RLC series circuit where L=
5/3H, R= 10 , C= 1/30 F and E(t) =300V. Assume the initial charge on
the capacitor is 0 C and the initial current is 9 A. What happens to the
charge on the capacitor over time?
Solution
ⅆ2 𝑞 ⅆ𝑞 1
We have: 𝐿 + R + 𝑞 = 𝐸(t)
ⅆ𝑡 2 ⅆ𝑡 𝐶

5 ⅆ2 𝑞 ⅆ𝑞
+ 10 + 30𝑞 = 300
3 ⅆ𝑡 2 ⅆ𝑡

ⅆ2 𝑞 ⅆ𝑞
+6 + 18𝑞 = 180
ⅆ𝑡 2 ⅆ𝑡
The general solution to the complementary equation is
𝒆−𝟑𝒕 (𝒄𝟏 Cos(3t) + 𝒄𝟐 sin(3t))

Assume a particular solution of the form 𝑞𝑝 = A, where A is a constant. Using the method of
undermined coefficient, we find A= 10.
So, 𝑞(t) = 𝑒 −3𝑡 (𝑐1 Cos(3t) + 𝑐2 sin(3t)) + 10

Applying the initial conditions 𝑞(0) = 0 and 𝑖(0) = ((𝑑𝑞)/ (𝑑𝑡)) (0) = 9,
we find 𝑐1 = -10 and 𝑐2 =7.

So, the charge on the capacitor is

𝒒(t) = 10 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 cos(3t) – 7 𝒆−𝟑𝒕 sin(3t) + 10

Looking closely the function, we see the first two terms will decay over time as a result of
the negative exponent in the exponential function.

Therefore, the capacitor eventually approaches a steady state charge of 10C.

THANK YOU