Day 1: Grammar Part I

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)

TOEFL ITP

▪ Listening 50 soal = 40 menit

▪ Structure & Written Expression 40 soal =
25 menit
▪ Reading 50 soal = 55 menit
NB : Yang menggunakan Tes TOEFL
sebagai Syarat Utama PPDS :
UGM, UNS, UB, & Unpad

Yang menggunakan Tes TOEFL sebagai

Syarat Administrasi PPDS :
Unair, Undip, Unud (Udayana), & UI
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Grammar Part I
1. Independent Clause

2. Adjective Clause

3. Participial Phrase

4. Appositive
Day 1: Grammar Part I @ppds.yuk WEBINAR TOEFL

Independent Clause
• A simple sentence consists of one clause.
People need vitamins.

• A compound sentence consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction

(such as fanboys (for, and nor, but, or, yet, so).
The man took a vitamin pill, and he drank a glass of orange juice.

• A complex sentence consists of an independent clause (called the main clause) and a dependent
(subordinate) clause. Subordinate clauses may be adverb clauses, noun clauses, or adjective clauses.
The man took a vitamin pill because he had a cold.
(independent clause + adverb clause)
I didn't realize that Nancy was here.
(independent clause + noun clause)
Tom walks to his office, which is located on Broadway, every day during the summer.
(independent clause + adjective clause)
Day 1: Grammar Part I
Clauses with there & It

The expletive there shows that someone or something exists, usually at a particular time or
place.
These sentences generally follow the pattern there + verb to be + subject:
There are many skyscrapers in New York City.
There was a good movie on television last night.

The expletive it is used in a number of different situations and patterns:

It is important to be punctual for appointments.
(It + to be + adjective + to + v1)
It was in 1959 that Alaska became a state.
(It + verb to be + adverbial + noun clause)
It takes a long time to learn a language.
(It + verb to take + time phrase + to v1)
SOAL GRAMMAR
Crop rotation ______ of preserving soil fertility.
1
(A) it is one method
(B) one method
(C) a method is one
(D) is one method

2 ______ the dollar as its monetary unit in 1878.

(A) Canada adopted
(B) Adopted by Canada,
(C) It was adopted by Canada
(D) The Canadian adoption of
SOAL GRAMMAR
______ almost impossible to capture the beauty of the aurora
3
borealis in photographs.
(A) Being
(B) His
(C) There is
(D) It is

4 Usually, political cartoons____on the editorial page of a newspaper.

(A) appear
(B) appears
(C) by appearing
(D) when they appear
SOAL GRAMMAR
American actress and director Margaret Webster ______ for
5
her production of Shakespearean plays.
(A) who became famous
(B) famous as she became
(C) becoming famous
(D) became famous

6 Compressed air ______ the power to drive pneumatic tools.

(A) by providing
(B) provides
(C) that provides
(D) the provision of
SOAL GRAMMAR
______ by cosmic rays.
7
(A) The earth is constantly bombarded
(B) Bombarded constantly, the earth
(C) Bombarding the earth constantly
(D) The earth's constant bombardment

8 ______ primary colors are red, blue, and yellow.

(A) There are three
(B) The three
(C) Three of them
(D) That the three
SOAL GRAMMAR
_____ that the capital of South Carolina was moved from
9 Charleston to Columbia.
(A) In 1790 was
(B) There was in 1790
(C) In 1790
(D) It was in 1790
10 _____ amino acids that serve as the basic building blocks of all
proteins.
(A) About twenty
(B) For about twenty of
(C) About twenty are
(D) There are about twenty
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Adjective Clause
• Adjective clauses are a way of joining two sentences. In the joined sentence, the adjective
clause modifies (describes) a noun (called the head noun) in another clause of the sentence. It
begins with an adjective clause marker.

For Example:
I wanted the book. The book had already been checked out.
The book which I wanted had already been checked out.

• The adjective clause in this example begins with the marker which and modifies the head
noun book. Adjective clause markers are relative pronouns such as who, that, or which or the
relative adverbs when or where.
Day 1: Grammar Part I
Adjective Clause

The book which is on the table is mine.

The book which I bought yesterday is great.
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Adjective Clause
The adjective-clause markers which and whom can also be used as objects of prepositions:
This is the house. I live in it. That is the topic. I will write on it.
This is the house in which I live. That is the topic on which I will write.

You may also see sentences with adjective clauses used in this pattern:
Quantity word + of + relative clause
He met with two advisors. He had known both of them for years.
He met with two advisors, both of whom he had known for years.
I have several oranges. Some of them
are rotten. I read a number of articles. Most of them were very useful.
I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful.
I have several oranges, some of which are rotten.
SOAL GRAMMAR
Playing fetch, our dogs, ran after the tennis ball _____
1
bounced across the kitchen floor.
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
2 The family _____ house was decorated the most beautifully for the
holidays will receive a trophy.
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
SOAL GRAMMAR
Flying squirrels _____ live in tropical rain forests spend most
3
of their time on the trees.
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
4 Those ______ refused to show proper identification were not
allowed into the building
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
SOAL GRAMMAR
He likes shopping between one and three o'clock ______ most
5
people are at work
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) When
(D) Which
6 The researchers are doing case studies of people _______ families
have a history of high blood pressure and heart disease.
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
SOAL GRAMMAR
I left my son at the campus day-care _______ is available to
7
all full-time students with young children.
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) When
(D) Which
8 Nurses _____ truly care about their patients are very much needed.
(A) That
(B) Whom
(C) Whose
(D) Which
SOAL GRAMMAR
That is the topic _____ I will write
9
(A) Who
(B) Whom
(C) When
(D) On Which

There are over 2.000 varieties of snakes ______ are harmless to

10
humans.
(A) Most of them
(B) Most of which
(C) Most of whom
(D) Who
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Present Participle
• A present participle is the -Ing form of the verb (talking, playing, writing, studying,
sleeping, painting, drinking)

NOTE !
• Present Participle is part of the verb when it
is preceded by some form of the verb be
(am, is, are, was, were, have, has, be, been
& being)
NOTE !
• Present Participle is an adjective when
accompanied by some form of the verb be
The man who is talking to his friend is reading a book.

e.g. The man is talking to his friend e.g. The man talking to his friend is reading
(Present Participle is a part of verb) a book (Present Participle is an adjective)
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Past Participle
• A past participle is the –ed / irregular past form of the verb (watched, eaten, slept, drank,
drunk) The television which was purchased yesterday was
expensive.

She has painted this picture.

The picture painted by Karen now is in a museum.

Which one is Past Participle as part of verb and as an adjective?

SOAL GRAMMAR
_____for their strong fiber include flax and hemp.
1
(A) Plants are grown
(B) Plants grown
(C) Plants that grow
(D) To grow plants

______, Jose Limon's dance troupe often toured abroad.

2
(A) The U.S. State Department sponsored it
(B) Sponsored by the U.S. State Department
(C) The U.S. State Department, which sponsored it
(D) The sponsorship of the U.S. State Department
SOAL GRAMMAR
The packages ______ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday.
3
(A) have
(B) were
(C) them
(D) just

The reactor core of a nuclear reactor is housed in a steel vessel

4
_______ by a thick layer of concrete.
(A) is surrounded
(B) it surrounds
(C) surrounds
(D) surrounded
SOAL GRAMMAR
______in front of a camera lens changes the color of the light
5
(A) Placed a filter
(B) A filter is placed
(C) A filter placed
(D) When a filter placed

Barbara McClintock ______ for her discovery of the mobility of

6
genetic elements.
(A) known
(B) who knows
(C) knowing
(D) is known
SOAL GRAMMAR
The scientist ______ by himself has been replaced by a cooperative
7
scientific team.
(A) to make important discoveries
(B) important discoveries were made
(C) has made important discoveries
(D) making important discoveries

8 _______ an average of 471 inches of rain a year, Mount Waialeale in

Hawaii is the wettest spot in the world.
(A) It receives
(B) Receiving
(C) To receive
(D) Received
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Appositive
Day 1: Grammar Part I

Appositive
SOAL GRAMMAR
The National Road, _____ of the first highways in North
1
America, connected the East Coast to the Ohio Valley.
(A) which one
(B) it was one
(C) one
(D) was one
______ relations with friends and acquaintances, play a major role in
2 the social development of adolescents.
(A) What are called peer group relations are
(B) Peer group relations are
(C) Peer group relations, the
(D) By peer group relations, we mean
SOAL GRAMMAR
Joseph Henry, _____ first director of the Smithsonian Institute, was
3 President Lincoln's advisor on scientific matters.
(A) the
(B) is the
(C) was the
(D) as the
______ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for
4 her choreography.
(A) It was the dancer
(B) The dancer
(C) That the dancer
(D) The dancer was
SOAL GRAMMAR
_______ ,Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots
5
(A) An excellent basketball player
(B) An excellent basketball player is
(C) Sarah is an excellent basketball player
(D) Her excellent basketball player

Coach Arief, _________ , is a kind-hearted person

6
(A) Is an English Coach
(B) An English Coach is
(C) An English Coach
(D) His good English Coach
SOAL GRAMMAR
In physics, ______ "plasma" refers to a gas which has a nearly equal
7
number of positively and negatively charged particles.
(A) the term
(B) by the term
(C) is termed
(D) terming

8 Norman Weiner, ______ mathematician and logician, had an

important role in the development of the computer.
(A) who, as a
(B) was a
(C) whom a
(D) a
SOAL GRAMMAR
__________ , Washington and its accompanying suburbs have a
9
diverse population of several million.
(A) Who is the capital of United States of America
(B) The capital of United States of America which is
(C) The capital of United States of America is
(D) The capital of United States of America
The Nile River, ___________ , flows for more than 3,000 miles
10
(A) the longest river in the world is
(B) That the longest river in the world
(C) The longest river in the world
(D) The longest river in the world was