Lesson 1: Prerequisite Skills

● p.213 #1-9,12

Lesson 2: Polynomial Functions

● p.136 #1,3,4

Lesson 3: Graphing Polynomial Functions

● p.161 #1-7
● p.146 #1,2,4-8,9ab,12,13,15

Lesson 4: Combining Transformations

● p.155 #1-4,6,9

Lesson 5: Division of Polynomial Functions

● p.168 #1-13

Lesson 6: Factoring Polynomials

● Factoring Polynomials worksheet

● p.176 #4-7,10-12

Lesson 7: Sum/Difference of Cubes

● p.182 #2-5

Lesson 8: Solving Polynomial Equations

● p.204 #1-3,6,7,9,10,11

Lesson 9: Solving Polynomial Inequalities

● p.225 #1-3,5-7,13,14

Unit 1 Review

● p.185 #8,9,11,13-16
 ● p.240 #1-4,6,7,10

Unit 1 Review

● p.185 #8,9,11,13-16
● p.240 #1-4,6,7,10
 Graphing polynomials using end behavior zeros and multiplicities
● (3627) Graphing Polynomial Functions Using End Behavior, Zeros, and
Multiplicities - YouTube
● (3627) How do we find multiplicity and use it to graph a polynomial -
YouTube
Proving symmetry
● (3627) MHF4U (Grade 12 Advanced Functions) - Symmetry of Factored
Polynomial Example 1 - YouTube

Transformation of Polynomials
● (3627) Lesson 3.4 - Transformations of Polynomial Functions - YouTube
Division of Polynomials
● (3627) Synthetic Division vs. Long Division - YouTube
● (3627) Long division of polynomials vs. Synthetic Division - YouTube
Factoring Polynomials method
● (3627) Factoring Polynomials - By GCF, AC Method, Grouping, Substitution,
Sum & Difference of Cubes - YouTube
Solving polynomial inequalities
● (3627) Solving a Polynomial Inequality - YouTube
Application of polynomial functions
● (3627) Polynomial Function Applications - YouTube
 Unit 1 Polynomial Functions
Graphing

A polynomial function is a function of the form.

• The domain of a polynomial function is (-∞, ∞), or x is the element of real numbers.
This is because every number could be inputted.
• Non-polynomial functions include negative integers as power or fractions as power.
It is called the constant term when you substitute x=o to f(x).
• Y-intercept: Point where a line intersects the Y axis, meaning x=0. Therefore, the
coordinates of Y-intercept = (0, f (0))
• X-Intercept: Point where a line intersects the X axis, meaning y=0
Therefore, the coordinates of Y-intercept = (x, 0)
• f(x)= 0 is called a zero polynomial.
• If n is odd, the graphs are symmetric to the origin (odd symmetry).
• If n is even, the graphs are symmetrical to the y-axis (even symmetry)

Proving symmetry

Algebraic method
• For Even Functions f (-x) = f(x)
• For Odd Functions f(-x) =- f(x)
Two graph method
• The function is even when the graph is composed of even powers
• i.e., X6+2x4+x2
• The function is odd when the graph is composed of odd powers
• i.e. X5+2x3+x
• The function is neither even nor odd when the graph is composed of both even and
odd powers
• i.e. X3+2x2+x

End Behaviors
Definition: behavior of the graph of the function at the "ends" of the x-axis

n (degree)= odd positive integer

1. LC (Leading coefficient) = positive
Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y also approaches -∞
When x approaches ∞, y also approaches ∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 3 to quadrant 1
Example: 2X5+2x3+x
2. LC (Leading coefficient) = negative
Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y approaches ∞
When x approaches ∞, y approaches -∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 2 to quadrant 4
Example: -2X5+2x3+x
n (degree)= even positive integer
3. LC (Leading coefficient) = positive
 Coordinates: When x approaches ∞, y also approaches ∞
When x approaches -∞, y approaches ∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 2 to quadrant 1
Example: 3X4+2x2

4. LC (Leading coefficient) = negative

Coordinates: When x approaches -∞, y approaches -∞
When x approaches ∞, y approaches -∞
Quadrants: Quadrant 3 to quadrant 4
Example: -3X4+2x2

Additional graphing Notes:

• The graph shows characteristics of a polynomial function of a particular degree. The
graphs show local behavior.
• A turning point is a point at which the graph of a polynomial function changes
direction. A function with the degree n may have, at most n-1 turning points.
• Leading coefficient (a) is the coefficient in front of the variable with the highest
power
Example: The leading coefficient (a) -2x is -2
5

• Multiplicity/order (c) is the number of times a number, or in this case, the power of
x intercept
Example: The order of (x-2) is 3
3

• The domain is the entire set of possible input values.

Example: Domain of polynomial function is (-∞, ∞)
• The degree of a polynomial is the highest power of a variable in its standard form or
powers in a factored form, which are combined.
 Graphing the Zeros (the x-Intercepts)

How to Graph a Polynomial function?

1. Standard form
2. Factored form
1) Firstly, put the x-intercepts and y-intercepts on the x and y-axis.
2) Include the End Behavior on the graph.
3) Lastly, connect the end behaviors and X and Y intercepts
Transformation in Graph
F(x)= a[k(x-d)]^n +c
• Example: f(x): 3(5(x-1)) +5
2

Legends
A: Amplitude = leading coefficient
K: constant
D (horizontal translation): x intercept
C: Vertical translation):

Transformation
0<a<1 = vertically compressed by a
(x,y)=(x,ay)
-1<a<0 = vertically reflected and compressed by |A|
a= -1 (vertical reflection in x-axis)
(x,y)= (x,-y)

k>1= (1/kx, y)= horizontal compression

Horizontal reflection in the y-axis
(x,y)=(-x,y)
Horizontal stretch if 0<k<1)

d=(+)= shift right

d=(-)= shift left

C= (+)= shift up
C=(-) = shift down

Division of Polynomials
Division algorithm

f(x)/d(x)= q(x)+r(x)/d(x)
10𝑥 2 +20 2𝑥 2 +4
• Example: 5𝑥 = 𝑥
Legends
• f(x) is called dividend
• d(x) is called a divisor
• q(x) is called a quotient
• r(x) is called the remainder

If r(x)=0, then f(x)= d(x)q(x) so that the divisor is a factor of f x.

Long Division
The degree of remainder is less than the degree of the divisor.

Remainder theorem
• R(x)=0 , c is a factor of f(x)
• If polynomial f(x) is divided by a linear polynomial (x-c), then the remainder r= f(c)

Synthetic division of polynomials

The synthetic division is a shortcut for dividing a polynomial f (x) by a linear polynomial (x-c)

Note: Reminder might be more than 0

 Factoring Polynomials method :

1. Factor theorem
If x = a is substituted into a polynomial for x, and the remainder is zero, then x a is a factor
of the polynomial. i.e. If f(a) = 0, then x a is a factor of f(x)

1. The formula of the Difference between cubes

• a3-b3=(a-b) (a2+ab+b2)
• a3+b3 =(a+b) (a2-ab+b2)

1. Factoring Polynomials by Grouping

• 3x3-5x2-3x+5= x2(3x-5) +(-1) (3x-5)

1. The formula of the Difference between squares

• a2-b2= (a-b) (a+b)

Solving Polynomial Equations

For polynomials in factored form

y= 2x(x-2) (x+4) (x+1)
• Find the zeros; zeros are from each Y-intercept
• Note: the order of the zeros must be written as well
For polynomials in standard form
• Factorize the polynomial
• Find the zeros
• Note: an in factored form is the number/variable outside of the bracket multiplied by
the orders of each zero

Tip: review all of the topics, and determine the transformation of the graph

Solving polynomial inequalities

1. Rewrite the inequality so that all variables and non-zero constants are on one side of the
inequality symbol, and the number 0 (zero) is on the other.
2. Factor the expression into linear factors.
3. Find zeros of all factors; these points divide the number line into intervals.
4. Create a SIGN CHART using the found zeros and each polynomial term in factored form.
5. Read the solution from the last row of the sign chart.
Note:s
f(x) < 0, part of the graph is under the x-axis
f(x) >0, part of the graph that is over the x-axis
● Graph of polynomial function - Symbolab
● Equation Grapher - Graphing | Polynomials | Curves - PhET Interactive Simulations
(nitttrc.edu.in)
● Taylor polynomial graphs – GeoGebra