LO1 Math

Abdulrahman Adel Ahmed

Abdulrahman Omar Kamel

Mohab Ahmed Harfoush

 Differentiation
The process of finding the rate of change of a function with respect to one of its variables.
At is the slope of the tangent of the curve at point

1. Linearity: If f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable

functions, then (f+g)(x) and (f-g)(x) are also
3. Quotient Rule: If and are two differentiable functions
differentiable and their derivatives are given by:
and isn’t equal to zero, then the quotient of the two
functions is also differentiable and its derivative is given by
.
 
4. Chain Rule: If and are two differentiable functions,
2. Product Rule: If f(x) and g(x) are two differentiable
then the composite function is also differentiable and its
functions, then the product of the two functions (f.g)(x) is
derivative is given by .
also differentiable and its derivative is given by (f.g)'(x) =
 
f'(x).g(x) + f(x).g'(x).
 Formulas of Differentiation
- Constant Rule: If (At c = Constant Number)
- Power Rule: If then
- Constant Multiple Rule: If then

11. >1
12. >1
13. a>0,a≠1
14.
15.
1. (-1 < u < 1)
2. (-1 < u < 1) 16. a>0,a≠1
17.
3.
18.
 ●Explicit Functions ●Implicit Functions
- The functions that we have met so far can be - Some functions, however, are defined
described by expressing one variable explicitly implicitly by a relation between x and y
in terms of another variable. such as:

for example, y = or y= x sin x .

+ = 25
In general, y = f (x). In some cases, it is possible to solve such an
equation for y as an explicit function or several
functions (Implicit relation) of x.

𝑥+ 𝑦 2=7

𝑦 2 =7 − 𝑥

𝑦 =√ 7 − 𝑥
●Higher Derivatives
- The first derivative is: = =

- The second derivative of the function : () = =

- The third derivative of the function f and it is denoted by the symbol , and so
on.

The derivative is written from the order n as follows: = where n is a positive

integer number.
●Equation of the Tangent and
Normal
- The first derivative of the function f where means the slope of the
TANGENT to the curve of this function at any point lying on it.

Where is the measurement of the positive angle which the tangent

makes with the positive direction of x-axis.

- Slope of the NORMAL on the curve of at point lying on it =

●Parametric Function
Parametric function: is a function that is expressed in terms of two or more
variables, known as parameters, the parameters are usually independent variables,
and the function expresses a relationship between them. For example, a parametric
equation for a circle is and , where r is the radius of the circle and θ is the angle, and
the differentiation process of it called by parametric differentiation and we get it by
the rule
Exercise
1) If , then = …….

Ans.

2) If , then = …….

Ans.
3) If

Ans.

At from the equation.

Getting the first derivative of the equation  (

+ 

By substituting in first derivative 

4) If and , then ………

Ans.

Let 
5) When the area in square units of an expanding circle is increasing twice as
fast as its radius in linear units, the radius is ………..
(B) (C) (D) 1 (E) 𝝅

Ans.

A==2

2 =2 Then r = (c)
6) An equation for a tangent to the graph of arcsin at the origin is ……
(A) x – 2 y = 0 (B) x – y = 0 (C) x = 0 (D) y = 0 (E) π x – 2 y = 0

Ans.
y= y' = At x = 0 y' = (slope of tangent)

Then the equation of the tangent is: y-0 =

=0 (A)
= ……………

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) 2

Ans.

= =2

Or

==2
8) If y = tan u , u = and v = what is the value of at x = e ?

(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) (E)

Ans.

= Then = u ( 1 + v-2 )()

At and

At = 0 [1+1] () =
9) , X =

Ans.

By substituting of X by X=2, Z= -3
10) ……..

Ans.

Ans.
12) Point moves on the curve :, find the position of the point at which the rate of change of X-
coordinate is equal to the rate of change of y-coordinate with respect to time.
Ans.

¿ ∵ 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2 −5 𝑥+ 4 𝑦 + 9=0  ( by   differentiating   with   respect   to   time ) 

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
¿ ∴2 𝑥 +2 𝑦 −5 +4 =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
¿ ∴(2 𝑥 −5) +(2 𝑦 + 4) =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
¿∴ =3   at  (2 , −1)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
¿ ∴(4 −5)× 3+(− 2+4 ) =0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
¿ ∴ −3+2 =0 ∴ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
14) A point (X , y) moves along the curve , determine T the position of the
point at the instant when the velocity of its y-coordinate is twice the velocity
of its X-coordinate.

Ans.

2
¿ 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 − 𝑦 =3
d 𝑥 d 𝑥 dy
¿2 𝑥 +4 − =0
dt dt dt
dy d 𝑥
¿ =2
dt dt
d 𝑥 d 𝑥 d 𝑥
¿2𝑥 +4 −2 =0
dt dt dt
¿ 2 𝑥 + 4 − 2 =0 ∴ 𝑥 =− 1
𝑡h𝑒𝑛 𝑦 =− 6
𝑡h𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 (− 1 , − 6 )
15) The height of cylinder equals its base diameter, it expands such that the rate of
increase of its surface area with respect to time equals 18 cm2/sec. when the radius length
of its base equals 6 cm. Calculate the rate of increase of its radius length.

Ans.
16) A point moves on the curve of the function = √( + 5) its X-coordinate increases at of cm./sec.
find the rate of change of the distance between this point and the point (1 , 0) at X = 2.

Ans.

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑡h𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑠(𝑥,𝑦)
√ 2
S= (𝑥−𝑥1 ) +( y− y1 ) ∧¿S=√ ¿¿
2

¿
17) If the gas leaks from a spherical balloon at a rate of 20 /sec. find the rate of change of the
balloon radius length at the moment in which the radius length is 10 cm. and find the rate of
change of the balloon external surface area at the same moment.
Ans.

dv 3 4 3
¿ =−20 cm / sec .∴ v= 𝜋 r
dt 3
d 2 dr
¿ ∴ =4 𝜋 r   when   :r=10
dt dt
¿ − 20=4 𝜋 ¿
¿
18) A man observes a boat moving in a straight line parallel to the river bank and 10 meters distant from it
when the line connecting the man and the boat made an angle of measure 30° the rate of change of this angle
equals 1/2 rad./sec. Find the speed of the boat at this moment.
Ans.
 19) Lighting lamp fixed at the top of a 16 m. tower if a ball is fallen from the same height
from a window 15 m. distant from the lamp. Find the speed of the shadow of the ball on the
ground when the ball at 6 m. high from the ground.

Ans.
From the figure:

16 − s s 240 − 15 s
¿ = ∴ 𝑥=
𝑥 15 s
¿∴ 𝑥 =240 s− 1 − 15
1
¿ , s=ut + g t 2 ∴ s= 4.9 t 2
2
−2
2 −1 240 t
¿ ∴ 𝑥 =240 ( 4.9 t ) − 15 = − 15
4.9
d𝑥 − 4800 −3
¿ = t ,   when   s=10 m .
dt 49
10 d 𝑋 33.6 m
∴t= sec .∴ =− .
7 dt sec
i.e. The shadow of the ball moves towards the projection of the ball on the ground with velocity 33.6 m/sec.
20) A known mass of gas with a constant temperature whose volume decreases at a constant rate of 2
/sec. If the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume and the pressure equals 1000 gm.wt/ when
the volume is 250 , find the rate of change of the pressure with respect to time when the volume of gas
is 100 cm?

Ans.

Let   the   pressure  =  P  ,  volume  =  V  

1
¿ ∵ P∝
V
c
¿∴ P= ,   where   C   is  constant  
V
2 3
¿ ,  when   P=1000 gm⋅ wt /cm , V =250 cm .
¿ ∴ P ×V =1000 ×250=250000 (1)
¿¿
¿
 Ans.

𝑎 𝑎
𝑡 , ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 ) ,=( , )
2 √2 2 √2
 Ans.

Ans.

-y’
24) l
Ans.

.(

=
=

Ans.

Ans.
27) If the lineis tangent in the first quadrant to the curve , then k
is ………

(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) (E)

Ans.

The slope of the tangent =

y' = 3 3= x = ± x=

By substituting in the equation of the tangent by the value of x

Then y =
By substituting in the equation of the curve by the values of x
and y Then k = (B)
28) If y = , then = ……….

Ans.

y' = n y'' = =

29) If = y x and when x = 0 then y = ……..

Ans.

Since If = y x Then = x dx ln|| = tan x + c

Since y = 5 when x = 0 Then c = ln 5
Then ln|| = tan x + ln 5 = e tan x + ln 5
Then
30) let = If the rate of change of f at x = c is twice its rate of change at x =1, then c
= ……..

Ans.

The rate of change of f: =

then, c

31) The solution of the equation: = is ……..

Ans.

Let 1 + = = +1 [ =]
Then =

Then x + y – tan(x+c) = 0
32)

Ans.

33)

Ans.

At x-3, the answer (undefined)

34)

Ans.
y=

= =
Then the answer:

35) A body moves on the curve

Ans.
36) Let . Then is ……….
(a) 1
(b)
(c)
(d) .

so

Hence .
37) If and , then
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Ans.

Let . We want where and