1.

State Snell's laws of refraction of light

2. A light ray in passing from water to a medium (a) speeds up (b) slows down. In each case,
(i) give one example of the medium,
(ii) State whether the refractive index of medium is equal to, less than or greater than the refractive
index of water
3. What do you understand by the statement 'the refractive index of the glass is 1.5 for white light'?
4. (a) For which colour of white light, is the refractive index of a transparent medium
(i) the least
(ii) the most?
(b) Which colour of light travels fastest in any medium except air?
5. Name two factors on which the refractive index of a medium depends . State how does it depends on the
factors state by you
6. Find the refractive index of liquid with respect to air in the figure below :
7. The refractive index of water with respect to air is aμw and of glass with respect to air is aμg . Find the
refractive index of glass with respect to water.
8. The diagram below shows the refraction of a ray of light from air to liquid.

(a) Write the values of (i) angle of incidence (ii) angle of refraction.
(b) Use Snell's law to find the refractive index of the liquid with respect to air.
9. In the diagram below , AO is a ray of light incident on a rectangular glass slab.
(a) Complete the path of the ray till it emerges out of the slab.
(b)In the ray diagram, mark the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of (r) at the first interface. How is the
refractive index of glass related to angles i and r?
(c) Mark angle of emergence by the letter e. How are the angles i and e related?
(d)Which two rays are parallel to each other? Name them.
(e) Indicate in the diagram the lateral displacement between the emergent ray and the incident ray.
.

10. State three factors that affect lateral displacement . Can the lateral displacement in the event of a change of
medium be zero ? Explain briefly
11. When an illuminated object is held in front of a thick plane glass mirror, several images are seen, out of
which the second image is the brightest. Give reason
12. What do you understand by the deviation produced by a prism? Why is it caused? State three factors on
which angle of deviation depends and how it depends on them .
13. A ray of light incident at an angle 48o on a prism of refracting angle 60o suffers minimum deviation. Calculate
the angle of minimum deviation
14. A fish is looking at a 1.0 m high plant at the edge of the pond. Will the plant appear shorter or taller than its
actual height? Draw a ray diagram to support your answer
15. The critical angle for glass-air is 45° for the light of yellow colour. State whether it will be less than, equal to,
or more than 45° for (i) red light, (ii) blue light
16. Draw diagrams for :
(i) TIR in a 60-30-90 prism when a ray of light strikes normally on the hypotenuse
(ii) No TIR case in the above setup
(iii) Inversion of an image w.r.t. the object , by a prism ( name the type of prism also )
17. State the condition for each of the following:
(i) A lens has both its focal lengths equal (ii) A ray passes undeviated through the lens
18. A parallel oblique beam of light falls on a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave lens. Draw a diagram in each case to
show the refraction of light through the lens
19. Draw a ray diagram to show how a lens ( name the type ) can form an enlarged image of an object on a
screen . State the characteristics of the image
20. A lens always forms an image with magnification less than unity , irrespective of the position of the object .
Draw a ray diagram to depict this case when an image that is one-third the size of the object is obtained .
State its characteristics .
What will you see on a screen that is placed a. in front of and b. behind this lens ?
21. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens of focal length 0.12 m to obtain a real image of
size three times the size of the object, on the screen
22. What is the possible radius of curvature of a lens that is placed between an object and its image that are 1.75
m apart , the image being at least four times as large ? Is this value of R : a. the least possible b. the greatest
possible c. both of the above d. neither of a and b ?
23. A concave lens forms an erect image of 1/3rdsize of the object which is placed at a distance 30 cm in front of
the lens. Find: a. The position of image b. the magnification
24. What is a magnifying glass? State its two uses
25. Name the subjective property of light related to its wavelength.
26. What is the range of wavelength of the spectrum of white light in  (i) Å (ii) nm
27. Name the seven prominent colours of the white light spectrum in order of their increasing frequencies.
28. Name the colours of the spectrum of white light which have wavelengths longer than blue light.
29. Which colour of the white light is deviated by a glass prism (i) the most and, (ii) the least?
30. The wavelengths for the light of red and blue colours are nearly 7.8×10−7m and 4.8×10−7m respectively.
(a) Which colour has the greater speed in a vacuum?
(b) Which colour has the greatest speed in glass?
31. Define the term dispersion of light.
32. Explain the cause of dispersion of white light through a prism.
33. Explain briefly, with the help of a neat labelled diagram, how does white light gets dispersed by a prism. On
which surface of the prism, there is both the dispersion and deviation of light, and on which surface of the
prism, there is only the deviation of light?
34. What do you understand about the term spectrum? Do the colours have the same width in the visible
spectrum
35. Calculate the frequency of yellow light of wavelength 550nm. The speed of light is 3×108ms−1
36. a. Give a list of at least five radiations, in the order of their increasing wavelength, which make up the
complete electromagnetic spectrum.
b. Name the radiation mentioned by you in part (a) which has the highest penetrating power.
37. A wave has a wavelength of 10−3 nm; a. Name the wave b. State its one property different from light.
38. A wave has a wavelength 50 Å
(a) Name the wave.
(b) State its speed in a vacuum.
(c) State its one use.
39. (a) Name the high energetic invisible electromagnetic wave which helps in the study of the structure of
crystals.
(b) State one more use of the wave named in part (a).
40. State the name and the range of wavelengths of the invisible electromagnetic waves beyond the red end of
the visible spectrum.
41. Name three radiations and their wavelength range which are invisible and beyond the violet end of the
visible spectrum.
42. Name the radiation which can be detected by a thermopile
43. Name two electromagnetic waves of wavelength smaller than that of violet light. State one use of each.
44. Give one use each of a. microwaves b. ultraviolet radiations c. Infrared radiations d. gamma rays.
45. What are infra-red radiations? How are they detected?
46. Name the radiations which are absorbed by the greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere.
47. State one harmful effect each of : a. Ultraviolet radiations b. Infrared radiations.
48. Give a reason for the following:
(a) Infrared radiations are used for photography in fog 
(b) Infrared radiations were used for signals during the war.
(c) The photographic darkrooms are provided with infrared lamps.
(d) A rock salt prism is used instead of a glass prism to obtain the infrared spectrum.
(e) A quartz prism is required for obtaining the spectrum of ultraviolet light. 
(f) Ultraviolet bulbs have a quartz envelope instead of glass.
49. The most energetic electromagnetic radiations are:
(a) Microwaves
(b) Ultraviolet waves
(c) X-rays
(d) Gamma rays
50. The source of ultraviolet light is:
(a) electric bulb
(b) red hot iron ball
(c) sodium vapour lamp
(d) carbon arc-lamp
51. A radiation P is focused by a proper device on the bulb of a thermometer. Mercury in the thermometer
shows a rapid increase. The radiation P is
(a) infrared radiation
(b) visible light
(c) ultraviolet radiation
(d) X-rays
52. How does the intensity of scattered light depend on the wavelength of incident light? State conditions when
this dependence holds.
53. When sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, a state which colour of light is scattered the most and which
the least.
54. The colour of the sky, in the direction of the sun, is blue. Explain. 
55. Why does the sun appear red at sunrise and sunset?
56. The clouds are seen as white. Explain.
57. Give a reason why the smoke from a fire looks white.
58. In the white light of the sun, maximum scattering by the air molecules present in the earth's atmosphere is
for:
(a) red colour
(b) yellow colour
(c) green colour
(d) blue colour
59. To an astronaut in a space-ship, the earth appears:
(a) white
(b) red
(c) blue
(d) black

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