Exponential Series Definition (The number e) ‘The limiting vatue of infinity is denoted by e. Le, e= lim ity Properties of e (1) e lies between 2.7 and 2.8. ie, 2.7 0 (), where a=leg, a a Replacing x by ax in this series, We have, e* ee Hence from (i), jploeee, ,Mlowea? 2, Wool? | v 2 a Some standard results from exponential series © Doi Sos Sl roi © Saar a Gs) x), em ale o @ Teor Sr T,,,=General term in the expansion of (axy" " and coefficient of x" in es =< Logarithmic Series Definition An expansion for log,(I +x)as a series of powers of x which is valid only, when | x| <1. Expansion of logarithmic series Expansion of log, (1 +x);if) x|<1, then log,( +3) = Replacing xby —vin the logarithmic series, we get log, (1 -x): or —log.(1—2)Exponential and Logarithmic Series ‘Some Important results from logarithmic series (2) (i) log.dl +x)+ log, (1x) = log. -x°) “ Za Wot St in 2 Gi) log.(1 +x)log,(1 ort {tne (2) The series expansion of log.(|+x)may fail to as be valld, if |x| 1s not less than 1. It can be proved that the logarithmic series is valid for x =1. Putting x=1 in the logarithmic series. “ We get, log, 2 rears , the logarithmic series does not in conformity with the fact that te quantity. (3) When + have a sum, This log(: ~ 1) is not a fi Difference between the exponential and logarithmic series (2) In the exponential series of <1 WT ‘tooousa® all the terms carry positive signs whereas In log +2) = = = the terms are 2°34 alternatively positive and negative. (2) In the exponential series the denominator of the terms involve factorial of natural numbers. But in the logarithmic series the terms do not contain factorials. (3) The exponential series is valid for all the values of x, The logarithmic series is valid, when |x|< 1 T Tips&Tricks