Name _________________________________________________ Period ______ Date _________

Kinetics and Equilibrium Free Response Questions – 25 pts

For each answer requiring explanation, first answer using a simple declarative sentence then provide an
explanation

1)
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)  PCl5(g)
In the equation above, the forward reaction is first order in both PCl3 and Cl2 and the reverse reaction is first
order in PCl5.
(a) Suppose that 2 moles of PCl3 and 1 mole of Cl2 are mixed in a closed container at constant temperature.
Draw a labeled graph with a numerical y-axis that shows how the concentrations of PCl3, Cl2, and PCl5
change with time until after equilibrium has been firmly established.

(b) Give the initial rate law for the forward reaction.

(c) Provide a molecular-level explanation for the dependence of the rate of the forward reaction on the
concentrations of the reactants.
 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
Response Test

2)
2ClO2(g) + F2(g)  2ClO2F(g)

The following results were obtained when the reaction represented above was studied at 25C.

Initial [ClO2], Initial [F2], Initial Rate of Increase of

Experiment (mol.L-1) (mol.L-1) [ClO2F], (mol.L-1.sec-1)
1 0.010 0.10 2.410-3
2 0.010 0.40 9.610-3
3 0.020 0.20 9.610-3

(a) Write the rate law expression for the reaction above.

(b) Calculate the numerical value of the rate constant and specify the units.

(c) In Experiment 2, what is the initial rate of decrease of [F2]?

(d) Which of the following reaction mechanisms is consistent with the rate law developed in (a). Justify
your choice.
I. ClO2 + F2  ClO2F2 (fast)
ClO2F2  ClO2F + F (slow)
ClO2 + F  ClO2F (fast)
II. F2  2 F (slow)
2 (ClO2 + F  ClO2F) (fast)
III. Neither of the above

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 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
Response Test

3)
H2(g) + I2(g)  2 HI(g)
For the exothermic reaction represented above, carried out at 298K, the rate law for the forward reaction is:
Rate = kf[H2][I2]
Predict the effect of increasing temperature on the rate. In your explanation, include a diagram showing the
number of molecules as a function of energy.

4) The reaction between NO and H2 is believed to occur in the following three-step process.
NO + NO  N2O2 (fast)
N2O2+ H2  N2O + H2O (slow)
N2O + H2  N2 + H2O (fast)
(a) Write a balanced equation for the overall reaction.

(b) Identify the intermediates in the reaction. Explain your reasoning.

(c) From the mechanism represented above, a student correctly deduces that the rate law for the reaction is
rate = k[NO]2[H2]. The student then concludes that (1) the reaction is third-order and (2) the mechanism
involves the simultaneous collision of two NO molecules and an H2 molecule. Are conclusions (1) and (2)
correct? Explain.

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 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
Response Test

5)
(I) A2 + B2  2 AB
(II) X2 + Y2  2 XY
Two reactions are represented above. The potential-energy
diagram for Reaction I is shown to the right. The potential energy
of the reactants in Reaction II is also indicated on the diagram.
Reaction II is endothermic, and the activation energy of Reaction
I is greater than that of Reaction II.

(a) Complete the potential-energy diagram for Reaction II on

the graph above.
(b) For Reaction I, predict how the rate of reaction is affected as the temperature is increased by 20C.
Explain the basis for your prediction.

(c) For reaction II, the form of the rate law is rate = k[X2]m[Y2]n. Construct a table of experiments varying
concentrations of X2 and Y2 to determine the values of m and n in the rate law for the reaction. In the
table, also include a set of rate results consistent with your concentrations. Explain why your results
are consistent with the rate law you created.

(d) From the information given, determine which reaction initially proceeds at the faster rate under the
same conditions of concentration and temperature. Justify your answer.

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 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
Response Test

6) The catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2(aq), is represented by the following equation.

2 H2O2(aq) 2 H2O(l) + O2(g)

The kinetics of the decomposition reaction were studied and the analysis of the results show that it is a first-
order reaction. Some of the experimental data are shown in the table below.
[H2O2] Time
(minutes)
(mol L–1)
1.00 0.0
0.78 5.0
0.61 10.0

During the analysis of the data, the graph below was produced.

………

Time(minutes)
(i) Label the vertical axis of the graph
(ii) What are the units of the rate constant, k, for the decomposition of H2O2(aq) ?
(iii) On the graph, draw the line that represents the plot of the uncatalyzed first-order decomposition of
1.00 M H2O2(aq). Explain the line placement

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 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
Response Test

7)
CO2(g) + H2(g)  H2O(g) + CO(g)
When H2(g) is mixed with CO2(g) at 2,000 K, equilibrium is achieved according to the equation above. In one
experiment, the following equilibrium concentrations were measured.
[H2] = 0.20 mol/L
[CO2] = 0.30 mol/L
[H2O] = [CO] = 0.55 mol/L
(a) What is the mole fraction of CO(g) in the equilibrium mixture?

(b) Using the equilibrium concentrations given above, calculate the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant for
the reaction.

(c) Determine Kp in terms of Kc for this system.

(d) When the system is cooled from 2,000 K to a lower temperature, 30.0 percent of the CO (g) is converted
back to CO2(g). Calculate the value of Kc at this lower temperature.

(e) In a different experiment, 0.50 mole of H2(g) is mixed with 0.50 mole of CO2(g) in a 3.0-liter reaction vessel
at 2,000 K. Calculate the equilibrium concentration, in moles per liter, of CO (g) at this temperature.

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 Name _________________________________________________ Chapters 14 & 15 Free
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Bonus question
MgF2(s)  Mg2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq)
In a saturated solution of MgF2 at 18C, the concentration of Mg2+ is 1.21x10-3 M. The equilibrium is
represented by the equation above.
(a) Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, and calculate its value at 18C.

(b) Calculate the equilibrium concentration of Mg2+ in 1.000 liter of saturated MgF2 solution at 18C to
which 0.100 mole of solid KF has been added. The KF dissolves completely. Assume the volume
change is negligible.

(c) Predict whether a precipitate of MgF2 will form when 100.0 milliliters of a 3.00x10-3M Mg(NO3)2
solution is mixed with 200.0 milliliters of a 2.00xl0-3M NaF solution at 18C. Show calculations to
support your prediction.

(d) At 27C the concentration of Mg2+ in a saturated solution of MgF2 is 1.17x10-3 M. Is the dissolving of
MgF2 in water an endothermic or an exothermic process? Give an explanation to support your
conclusion.

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