Microscope

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Microscopes
Discuss with each other, research and
come to 
 an understanding of these words


 

Make a word document with explanation
about these terms in the microscope



Ocular Lens

Objective lens

Condenser

Stage

Coarse adjustment

Fine adjustment

Iris



Describe the working of a microscope in
your words. 






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Resources

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4713126/



https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/light-microscopes




 

https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/methods/microscopy/microscopy.html



https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/microscopes/



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Microscopes - How do they work?




Q1: How small a living thing requires the
use of microscope? 



Q2: Is a single type of microscope enough
for nearly all sizes & types of
cells?Reasons. 



Q3: Can we observe insects under a
microscope? Reasons. 








https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2PCJ5s-iyk

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The invisible world !!





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The invisible world !!





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Magnification
Optical microscope can magnify up to 1500


times. Photomicrographs are pictures


taken using light microscopes. 



Light source is concentrated onto specimen



Air bubbles are avoided



Dyeing is used to see the cell structures



Thick specimens cannot transmit light and
are thus not clearly visible



Microscope requires precise adjustment of
both lens to be focussed on the specific
portion of the specimen. 



X Y movement of the specimen slide




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Pramiti Confidential

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Magnification
Ocular 
lens Objective lens Magnification Size of cell Magnified size

 micron mm

10x 4x 1 micron 0.001mm

10x 10x 0.1 micron

10x 40x 0.2 micron

10x 100x 0.25 micron

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Plant cell
Cell Membrane - both animal and plant cells, Partially
permeable.

Cytoplasm - The jelly inside the cell membrane

Organelles - Structures in the cytoplasm

Nucleus - The continuity - chromosomes from parents -
Information

Mitochondria - Powerhouse - ATP 

Ribosomes - protein creation - DNA RNA - link to nucleus

Cell wall - Cellulose [ same as paper ] 

Chloroplast - pigment chlorophyll - seat of photosynthesis
generating starch






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Animal cell





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Differences





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Differences





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Soap bubbles





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Cell membrane structure





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Cell membrane functions





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Diffusion


Movement of molecules & ions from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration along


the concentration gradient due to random movement

Free movement makes the molecules spread themselves evenly in a space

Example - Perfume in a room - Sugar in water

CO2 in - O2 out from plants along concentration gradient

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Osmosis
Osmosis - diffusion of water molecules from


a region of higher water potential to lower


water potential through a partially
permeable membrane.

[ Informally, Osmosis is diffusion when the

solute is unable to move freely forcing the
solvent to move to achieve equilibirum ]

Water a nearly 70 percent of all living

organisms. It is a solvent inside and outside
cells. Multiple concentration gradients exist
through the water in cells.

Example - Substances transported in blood

plasma

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 Differences





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 Comparison





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Life is a set of processes that result from an organization of matter & which depend on the
expenditure of energy. 


Material is being manipulated continuously using energy to sustain life. 


So what distinguishes a growing sugar crystal from a growing Mushroom?


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All resources / images / multimedia belongs to their respective owners. 


This has been created only for educational purposes. 


Credits to everyone who has created those wonderful resources. 


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Thank you !

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