NEW TOWN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Secondary Four (Normal) Mathematics

2.4 Standard Deviation and Mean For Ungrouped Data

Name: _________________________ ( ) Class: ________ Date: ________

Learning Objective:
 Calculate standard deviation for ungrouped data using calculator
 Calculate mean for ungrouped data using calculator.

Spread of Data Set

Range is a measure of the spread of the data defined as the difference between the maximum
and the minimum value.

Interquartile range is a measure of the spread of the data about the median. It tells us about the
range of the middle 50% of the distribution.

Standard deviation is a measure of spread on how the data are spread about the mean, and
which takes into account all the values of the data set.

Refer to this video the explanation of the concept of standard deviation.

Video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRqtXL2WX2M. (Stopped at 1.50 minutes)

Refer to this video on how to calculate standard deviation.

Video link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVx3MYd-Q9w.

Calculate the standard deviation with reference to the video watched.

The following data shows the number of vegetables found in the refrigerator of 5
households: 2, 3, 4, 7, 9
_
Step 1 : Calculate the mean x

_
x 2+3+ 4+ 7 +9
x= = =5
N 5

1
 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

( ) ( )
2 2
 xi − x
( x − x)  xi − x
2
xi x xi − x i =
N N
2

3
=
4

Step 2:
Subtract the mean from each data point to find the differences xi − x .

Step 3:
Square each difference. This step is necessary so that the data doesn’t cancel each other out
and becomes zero.

Step 4:
Calculate the mean of the square differences.

( )
2
 xi − x
=
n

Step 5:
Take square root, so that the calculated value has the same units as the original question.
This value is known as the standard deviation (SD) and is represented by the notation  .

2
 ( )
2
 xi − x
Standard Deviation,  = [Not a given formula in N level]
N

Example 1
The mass of 6 students in a class are 49 kg, 57 kg, 60 kg, 64 kg, 46 kg and 66 kg.
Find
(a) the mean mass of the students,
(b) the standard deviation of the mass.

(a)
_
x
x=
N

(b)

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

( ) ( )
2 2
 xi − x
( x − x)  xi − x
2
xi x xi − x i =
N N
49

57
=
60

64

46

66

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Extend

Formula given in the N level and O level

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2

Mean, x = Standard deviation = −  

f f f 

** f represents the the value of the frequency.

Example 2

The distribution of marks scored by students for a class quiz is shown in the table below.

Marks, (x) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of students, (f) 5 7 6 4 9 3 6

Calculate the mean and the standard deviation for the marks. [Ans: SD = 1.96 ]

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2

Calculation for mean x = Calculation for SD SD = − 

f f f 

xi fi fxi
( xi ) f i ( xi )
2 2
xi fi
2 5
2 4 5
3 7
3 9 7
4 6
4 6
5 4
5 4
6 9
6 9
7 3
7 3
8 6
8 6
f =  fx =
 fx 2 =

2
 fx 2   fx 
 fx SD = −  =
x= = f f 
f

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Example 3

The number of goals scored per match by Spurs United during the soccer league season is
shown in the frequency table below.

Number of goals scored 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

per match
Number of matches 10 8 7 6 2 3 1

Calculate the standard deviation for the number of goals scored. [[Ans: SD = 1.68]

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2

Calculation for mean x = Calculation for SD SD = − 

f f f 

xi fi fxi
( xi ) f i ( xi )
2 2
xi
0 10
0 0
1 8
1 1
2 7
2
3 6
3
4 2
4
5 3
5
6 1
6
f =  fx =
 fx 2 =

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2

x= = SD = −  =
f f f 

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Is there a more efficient way to calculate Mean and SD when given a large data set?

Answer: Using Statistic Mode in the Scientific Calculator to aid in the calculation.

Example 4
Find the mean and standard deviation for the following data.

x 27.5 32.5 37.5 42.5

Frequency, f 8 15 10 3

Note: Refer to the “Instructions for use of Calculator to find Mean and SD” notes.

Step 1: Data Entry

Step 2: Retrieve values for respective terms in the required formulas.

Step 3: Present answer by filling in the values of the formula from the data bank in the
calculator.

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2
x= SD = − 
f f f 

6
Recalculate previous examples using the Scientific Calculator

Example 2 (Using Calculator)

The distribution of marks scored by students for a class quiz is shown in the table below.

Marks, (x) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of students, (f) 5 7 6 4 9 3 6

Calculate the mean and the standard deviation for the marks. [Ans: SD = 1.96 ]

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2
x= SD = −
f 
f f 

Example 3 (Using Calculator)

The number of goals scored per match by Spurs United during the soccer league season is
shown in the frequency table below.

Number of goals scored 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

per match
Number of matches 10 8 7 6 2 3 1

Calculate the standard deviation for the marks. [[Ans: SD = 1.68]

 fx  fx 2   fx 
2
x= SD = −
f 
f f 

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Additional Drill and Practice

• What happens when there is no frequency table?

• What do we do to the “f” value in the formula?

1. Calculate the standard deviation for the 2

 fx 2   fx 
following set of data. [Ans: 3.27] SD = −  
f f 
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13

2. Calculate the standard deviation for the 2

 fx 2   fx 
following set of data. [Ans: 4.02] SD = −  
f f 
28, 25, 32, 20, 30, 19, 22, 24, 27, 23

3. Calculate the standard deviation for the 2

 fx 2   fx 
following set of data. [Ans: 3.06] SD = −  
f f 
−5 , −4 , 0, 1, 4, −2

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BIG IDEA

How does varying the values of each data by the same amount affects the statistical
results?

(Source: StarPub Textbook Pg 86)

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Homework for Submission

Do on A4 writing papers.
Textbook Ex 2.4, Pg 89
Qn 5, Qn 10, Qn 13 (Challenge – Refer to Worked example 18 in textbook).

To be submitted by: ___________________________

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