NEW TOWN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Secondary Four (Express) Mathematics

1.2 Venn Diagram and Complement of a Set

Name: _____________________ ( ) Class: ________ Date: __________

Learning Objective
• Use Venn diagrams to represent sets, including universal sets, disjoint sets, proper
subsets.
• State and use the terms ‘complement of a set’.

1.2 Venn Diagrams, Universal Set and Complement of a Set

Connect

Venn Diagrams, Universal Set and Complement of a Set

A set can be represented by a Venn diagram as shown in Figure 1.

The rectangle represents the set of all elements under consideration for this particular situation
and is called the universal set denoted by the symbol = {1,2,3,4,5}.
The circle represents the set 𝐴 = {1,2,3}.

The elements 4 and 5 are outside the circle but inside the rectangle ie 4 ∉ 𝐴 and 5 ∉ 𝐴.
The set of elements in but not in A is called the complement of the set A denoted by 𝐴′
ie 𝐴′ = {4,5}.
Example 1a
It is given that = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an integer between 1 and 13 inclusive}
and 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a prime number}.

(i) List all the elements of and B in set notation.

(ii) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the sets and B.
(iii) From the Venn diagram, list all the elements of 𝐵 ′ in set notation.
(iv) Describe the set 𝐵 ′ in words.
(v) State the values of n( ), n(B) and n(𝐵 ′ ).
(vi) Is n(𝐵) + n(𝐵′ ) = n( )? Why or why not?

Answer
Relationship between 2 sets in a Venn Diagram
(Textbook Pg 15)

Practice 1b [adapted 2014/1/15]

= {integers 𝑥 ∶ 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 11}
𝐴 = {factors of 10}
𝐵 = {prime numbers}

(i) List all the elements of , A and B in set notation.

(ii) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the sets , A and B.
(iii) From the Venn diagram, list all the elements of 𝐴′ in set notation.
(iv) Describe the set 𝐴′ in words.

Answer
Extend

Example 2a

Answer

Practice 2b
It is given that 𝐶 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and 𝐷 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
(i) Draw a Venn diagram to represent the sets C and D.
(ii) Is D a proper subset of C? Explain.

Answer
Example 3a
It is given that 𝑃 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is an integer such that 0 < x ≤ 13}
𝑄 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a prime number less than 13}
and 𝑅 = {𝑥: 𝑥 is a positive integer not more than 13}
(i) List all the elements of P and of Q.
(ii) Is 𝑄 ⊂ 𝑃 or 𝑃 ⊂ 𝑄? Explain.
(iii) List all the elements of R
(iv) Hence, state the relationship between sets R and P. Explain.

Answer
Challenge

Example 4a
It is given that 𝑆 = {1,2}. Is the empty set ∅ a proper subset of S?

Answer

Homework (Do on foolscap paper)

Textbook 4A
Ex 1.2: Qn 1, Qn9, Qn 13(optional)

To be submitted by: ___________________