Sudhakar Project

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi- 590 018
A Major Project Report on
LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH

AND WITHOUT DECK SHEET
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
Civil Engineering
By – BATCH – 49
SHARATH B 1BM20CV414
SUDHAKAR B Y 1BM20CV416
VENKOB 1BM20CV418
SRINIVAS H M 1BM19CV146
Under the guidance of
DEEPAK B C
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
B. M. S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous Institute under VTU)
Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bangalore-560019
July 2023
MAJOR PROJECT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 COMPOSITE DECK SLAB.................................................................................. 1
1.3 PROFILE OF DECKING ...................................................................................... 2
1.4 SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT .................................................................... 2
1.5 COMPOSITE ACTION......................................................................................... 3
1.6 BENEFITS OFCOMPOSITE DECK SLAB IN CONSTRUCTION .................... 3
1.7 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 4
1.8 ABAQUS SOFTWARE ....................................................................................... 6
1.8.1 APPLICATIONS OF ABAQUS ......................................................................... 7
1.8.2 MESHING ............................................................................................................ 7
1.9 DEGREES OF FREEDOM ................................................................................... 8
1.10 CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS........................................................................... 9
1.11 SOURCE OF EXCITATIONS ............................................................................ 10
1.12 ONE WAY SLAB ............................................................................................... 10
1.13 ORGANISATION OF THESIS........................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2
2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...................................................................................... 13
2.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 13
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 13
2.3 GAPIN LITERATURE ....................................................................................... 19
2.4 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 3
3.0 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 20
3.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION................................................................................ 20
BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL DEPARTMENT

MAJOR PROJECT
3.3 MODELLING OF COMPOSITE DECK SLAB ................................................ 22
3.4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 23
3.5 PRESSURE LOAD APPLIED ON THE COMPOSITE DECK SLAB IN

STATIC ANALYSIS........................................................................................... 24
3.6 FLOW CHART SHOWING STEPS IN ABAQUS ............................................ 25
3.6.1 MODEL CREATION ......................................................................................... 25
3.6.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................ 26
3.6.3 SPECIFY INTERACTION PROPERTIES ........................................................ 27
3.6.4 GEOMETRY AND MESHING .......................................................................... 27
3.6.5 DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITION AND LOAD APPLICATION .......... 28
3.6.6 RUN THE APPLICATION ................................................................................ 28
3.6.7 POST-PROCESSING ......................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 4
4.0 CASE STUDY WITH RESULTS AND COMPARISON .......................................... 30
4.1 CASE STUDY-1 ................................................................................................. 30
4.1.1 EFFECT OF NO OF CORRUGATION .............................................................. 30
4.1.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 33
4.1.3 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 33
4.2 CASE STUDY-2 ................................................................................................. 34
4.2.1 EFFECT OF DEPTH OF CORRUGATION ....................................................... 34
4.2.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 37
4.2.3 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 38
4.3 CASE STUDY-3 ................................................................................................. 38
4.3.1 EFFECT OF DEPTH OF CORRUGATION ....................................................... 38
4.3.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 41
4.3.3 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 5
5.0 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................... 43

MAJOR PROJECT
5.1 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK ........................................................................... 44
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 45
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1.1 - Profiled deck sheet before the casting of concrete------------------------------- 2
Figure 1.2 Working of Finite element method-------------------------------------------------- 6
Figure 1.3 Commonly used element families--------------------------------------------------- 8
Figure 1.4 Degrees of freedom--------------------------------------------------------------------8
Figure 1.5 Types of dynamic loads -------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Figure 3.1 Figure 3.1 Cross section and dimension of profiled Deck sheet (CRiL Deck
spanTM)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Figure 3.2 Mesh element type-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Table 3.1 Material Properties-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Figure 3.3 Concrete part with the corrugated shape at the bottom-------------------------- 22
Figure 3.4 Reinforced steel mesh---------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Figure 3.5 Composite deck slab after assembling the parts---------------------------------- 22
Figure 3.6 Restrained degrees of freedom at each edge of the full slab-------------------- 24
Figure 3.7 Steps followed in Abaqus software ----------------------------------------------- 25
Figure 3.8 Figure showing model creation---------------------------------------------------- 26
Figure 3.9 Assigning material properties------------------------------------------------------26
Figure 3.10 Specifying interaction properties------------------------------------------------ 27
Figure 3.11 Geometry and Meshing----------------------------------------------------------- 27
Figure 3.12 Defining boundary conditions and Load Application------------------------ 28
Figure 3.13 Post-processing and visualization----------------------------------------------- 29

MAJOR PROJECT
Figure 4.1(a) Plain slab or 0 corrugation------------------------------------------------------ 30
Figure 4.1(b) single face corrugation --------------------------------------------------------- 31
Figure 4.1(c) Double face corrugation -------------------------------------------------------- 32
Table 4.1(d) Comparison table----------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Figure 4.2(a) Single face corrugation --------------------------------------------------------- 35
Figure 4.2(b) Double face corrugation -------------------------------------------------------- 36
Table 4.2(c) Comparison table------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
Figure 4.3(a) Singe face corrugation----------------------------------------------------------- 39
Figure 4.3(b) Singe face corrugation----------------------------------------------------------- 40
Table 4.3(c) Comparison table------------------------------------------------------------------ 41

HP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to profusely thank Prof. Deepak B C for his continuous
supervision and guidance throughout the course of the project. His insights proved to be instrumental as
we strive for accuracy and perfection in our findings. All thehours spent on discussions, revisions and
enthusiastic talks resulted in our clear understanding of the topics.
We would also like to thank BMS College of Engineering for providing us the opportunity to engage in
this course and enhance our understanding on reducing floods with the implementation of Low Impact
Development Techniques. Our Principal Dr. Muralidhara Sand Head of Department Dr. H.B. Nagaraj
were instrumental in the successful integration ofthe major project course into our curriculum. We thank
them for their contribution.
ABSTRACT
The concrete slab is one of the important structural elements, which transfer the load by bending.
The RC corrugated slab with deck sheet becomes more common in modern buildings with steel
frames and multiple stories. The RC corrugated slab with deck sheet offers many advantages
compared to conventional reinforced concrete slabs. The use of a RC corrugated slab with deck
slab simplifies the construction process as it saves the cost, energy and time involved in erection
of formwork, accommodating tensile reinforcement within the slab and due to the reduced
depth of theslab. Many a time the slabs are subjected to static and dynamic loads.
This report elaborates the modelling and numerical analysis of composite deck slab in ABAQUS.
The three dimensional composite deck slab is modelled by assembling individual parts of the slab
and providing contact property. The different thicknesses of deck sheet, boundary conditions,
increase in temperature, the location of opening and the area of damage are the parameters studied
in linear static analysis. It is observed that, the displacement of the slab increases with reduction in
stiffness of the slab.
B.M.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BENGALURU-560 019
AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE UNDER VTU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to take this opportunity to profusely thank Prof. Deepak B C for
hiscontinuous supervision and guidance throughout the course of the project.
His insights proved to be instrumental as we strive for accuracy and perfection in
our findings. All thehours spent on discussions, revisions and enthusiastic talks
resulted in our clear understanding of the topics.
We would also like to thank BMS College of Engineering for providing us the
opportunity to engage in this course and enhance our understanding on reducing
floods with the implementation of Low Impact Development Techniques. Our
Principal Dr. Muralidhara Sand Head of Department Dr. H.B. Nagaraj were
instrumental in the successful integration ofthe major project course into our
curriculum. We thank them for their contribution.
I
ABSTRACT
The concrete slab is one of the important structural elements, which transfer the load
by bending. The RC corrugated slab with deck sheet becomes more common in modern
buildings with steel frames and multiple stories. The RC corrugated slab with deck
sheet offers many advantages compared to conventional reinforced concrete slabs.
The use of a RC corrugated slab with deck slab simplifies the construction process as it
saves the cost, energy and time involved in erection of formwork, accommodating
tensile reinforcement within the slab and due to the reduced depth of theslab. Many
a time the slabs are subjected to static and dynamic loads.
This report elaborates the modelling and numerical analysis of composite deck slab in
ABAQUS. The three dimensional composite deck slab is modelled by assembling
individual parts of the slab and providing contact property. The different thicknesses of
deck sheet, boundary conditions, increase in temperature, the location of opening and
the area of damage are the parameters studied in linear static analysis. It is observed
that, the displacement of the slab increases with reduction in stiffness of the slab.
II
LIST OF TABLES:
SI.NO TITLE PAGE

NO.
1 Typical Marthalli Borehole Data 30
2 Maximum shear stress vs varying percentage of tire crumb for 49

0.9compaction factor
3 Maximum shear stress vs varying percentage of tire crumb for 50

0.8compaction factor
4 Ductility and Energy absorption values of GTCM for varying 52

percentage of tire crumb
5 Site 1 DEEPSOIL Analysis output 59
X
LIST OF FIGURES:
SI.NO TITLE PAGE

NO.
1 Earthquake epi-centre of Bhuj Earthquake 04
2 Effect of Bhuj Earthquake on building 05
3 Earthquake hazard zoning map of India 06
4 Illustration of Generating Synthetic Ground Motions 18
5 Example of time-domain generation of synthetic time history 18
6 Example of frequency-domain generation of synthetic time 19

history
7 Schematic of Green’s functions for a fault divided into N 21

patches
8 DEEPSOIL first window and key tables 35
9 DEEPSOIL Main window 36
10 Motion viewers(plots) 38
11 Motion viewers(tables) 38
12 Summary data 43
13 Shear strength profile 44
XII
14 Response spectra summary 45
15 Column displacement 46
16 Maximum Shear Stress vs varying percentage of tire crumb for 49

0.9compaction factor graph
17 Maximum Shear Stress vs varying percentage of tire crumb for 50

0.8compaction factor graph
18 Gravel Profile of site 4 Gravel with GTCM Layer of depth 0.75m 56
19 PGA(g), Maximum Shear strain (%) and stress ratio output of 57

site4 Gravel with GTCM layer of depth 0.75m
20 Tripartite plot of response summary output of site 4 Gravel 58

withGTCM Layer of depth 0.75m
21 Column displacement output of site 4 with GTCM layer of 58

depth0.75m
XIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
NO.
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE FOR EACH STUDENT II-V
GUIDE CERTIFICATE FOR QUALITY OF PROJECT WORKAND VI

REPORT
CERTIFICATE FOR STUDENT BATCH VII
DECLARATION VIII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IX
ABSTRACT X
LIST OF TABLES XI
LIST OF FIGURES XII-XIV
XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1-21
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 22-28
3 OBJECTIVES 29
4 METHODOLOGY 30-47
5 RESULTS AND 48-63

DISCUSSION
6 CONCLUSION 64-65
7 REFERENCE 66
X
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The concrete slab is a very important structural component used to build
horizontal surfaces that are flat and usually of constant thickness. It is used as a
floor or roof, supported by beams and columns. The slab may be cantilevered,
simply supported, or continuous as per the design. The concrete is good in
compression and reinforcement bars embedded inside the concrete resist
tension. The steel reinforcement is placed near the bottom portion of the slab
where tension is maximum with specified spacing between the bars and cover.
The primary function of the slab is to transfer the load by bending.
The concrete slab construction process includes the erection of formwork,

placement of reinforcing bars, concrete pouring, vibrating, finishing, curing
and formwork removal. The use of a RC corrugated slab with deck sheet
simplifies the construction process as it saves the cost, energy and time
involved in formwork, accommodating tensile reinforcement within the slab
and due to the reduced depth of the slab.
1.2 RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH DECK SHEET

In modern buildings with steel frames and multiple stories, the use of
composite deck slabs become more common. A typical composite deck slab
is a concrete slab supported by a platform of corrugated metal deck sheets
and structural steel beams. The structural designers find this to be more
appealing due to its advantages over typical reinforced concrete slabs.
By eliminating the steel reinforcement and enhanced stiffness due to

corrugations. The corrugated deck sheet itself acts as a permanent form
which initially supports the self-weight of a cast in-situ reinforced or post-
tensioned concrete slab. Once the concrete has dried and the composite
dynamic action has been established, it serves as the main slab support and
1
acts as external reinforcement. There is no need for steel reinforcement to
resist tension, the deck sheet itself serves the purpose. In addition, it can
reduce the construction cost and time since there is no need of any
shuttering
System. Shear connectors within the concrete that are welded to the
structural steel allow the deck slab and steel beams to support the loads in a
composite deck floor design. For a wide range of applications, such as
commercial, industrial, and residential structures with precise structural and
loading requirements, the composite deck assembly represents an affordable
option to utilize above-ground space and offers structural efficiency, faster
construction, and economical solutions.
1.3 PROFILE DECKING
Despite having a similar appearance, the form and dimensions of deck

profiles vary depending on the manufacturer. The two most popular decking
profiles are trapezoidal and re-entrant types. Galvanized steel strips 0.8mm to
1.2mm thick are frequently rolled out as deck sheets. Although not directly
correlated with strength, the span of the deck sheet increases with sheet
thickness. The typical thickness of galvanizing is 275 grams of zinc per
2
square meter, which will offer excellent design life in most internal
applications. To provide a longer service life, polyester paint is occasionally
applied on top of galvanizing. The galvanizing is measured in grams of zinc
per square meter and steel will be galvanized before shaping. Figure 1.1
shows the profiled deck sheet placed in position before the casting of
concrete.
Figure 1.1 Profiled Deck sheet before the casting of the concrete
1.4 SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT
The deck sheet itself acts as tensile reinforcement of the slab. The secondary
or non-structural reinforcement is used to control, rather than to prevent the
concrete cracks caused by temperature fluctuations and restrained shrinkage
within the concrete. In general, welded wire mesh or steel reinforcement is
used as secondary reinforcement.
A more modern method is to employ fibres, mainly macro synthetic fibres, as
an alternative to welded wire fabric (WWF) to decrease and control cracking
more effectively. It also helps in saving time and labour power associated
with placing bars or WWF. Even fibre-reinforced concrete enhances flexural
capacity.
1.5 COMPOSITE ACTION
The composite behavior of the corrugated steel deck sheet and the hardened
concrete is mainly dependent on the transmission of horizontal shear
stresses at the interface between the concrete slab and the deck sheet. The
four ways of composite action are,
a. By mechanical interlock.
b. By friction induced by the profile shape.
c. By end anchorage.
d. By a combination of ‘c’ with ‘a’ or ‘b’.
The key factor in the composite action of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet
is the bond between the deck sheet and concrete. The composite action by
3
the chemical bond will develop through a chemical process as the concrete
cures, which is brittle, and once it is broken it cannot be restored. The
composite action by mechanical interlock will be achieved due to
embossments present on the deck sheet. Its efficiency is directly affected by
the shape and size of embossments on the deck sheet and the thickness of
the deck sheet. In addition, the presence of friction between the concrete and
the steel deck is due to internal pressure between the two materials. Unlike
chemical bond action, the mechanical interlock and friction are always
present although they may change in magnitude. The shear bond elemental
tests need to be designed to obtain as much information as possible about
these three contact elements.
1.6 BENEFITS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH DECK SHEET IN

CONSTRUCTION
Compared to the conventional reinforced concrete slab, the use of RC

corrugated slab with deck sheet offers many benefits as listed below.
 Increased speed of construction.
 Safer method of construction.
 Overall decrease in weight of the slab.
 Saving on transport.
 Enhanced structural stability.
 Reduction in depth of the slab.
 Enhanced sustainability.
 Easy installation of services.
1.7 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
For understanding various physical phenomena such as structural, thermal or

heat transfer, fluid behavior, wave propagation, and growth of biological cells,
there is a need to study and quantify the cause-effects mathematically.
Partial differential equations (PDE) are mostly used to describe these
processes. To solve these PDEs in computers, a numerical technique like
finite element analysis has been developed over the last decades. Generally,
4
engineering problems are solved by experimental, analytical, and numerical
methods. Both experimental and analytical methods are used for simpler
problems and involve large limitations. The presence of more complexities
such as complex geometry, multiple supports, different loading patterns &
material properties, makes the experimental and analytical methods difficult.
In such a scenario, the most efficient option is to adopt numerical methods
like FEM.
The finite element method (FEM) or finite element analysis (FEA) is a

numerical simulation technique used for any physical phenomenon. For
mechanical systems and structures most widely used discretization and
analysis technique is FEM. The finite element method of analysis is well
suited for problems with simple to complex
geometries, numerical solutions and in very complicated stress problems.

The FEM
software is helpful to engineers to reduce the time, cost and energy involved
in the
experiments and physical prototypes with optimized components in their
design phase, thus, developing efficient products.
The term "finite" represents a limited or finite number of degrees of freedom

involved in the simulation of the behavior of each element. Figure 1.2 shows
the steps involved in working on FEA. The finite element discretization called
meshing is the key step in comprehending the FEA. There are no cracks or
surfaces between the elements, which are essentially little regions
interconnected by nodes. The type of element is based on shape and number
of associate nodes. Usually, nodes lie on the edges of an element where
adjacent elements are in contact and sometimes few interior nodes may also
present. For the finite element representation of a problem, the unknowns are
nodal values of the field variable. However, the nature of the solution and the
degree of approximation depends on size, the number of elements utilized
and the interpolation functions selected. FEM works on reducing the problem
by dividing a continuum body of matter into some finite number of elements
5
followed by expressing the unknown field variables in terms of approximating
functions assumed for each element. The field variables distributed
throughout the assemblage of elements at the predetermined positions
known as nodes or nodal points are used to define these approximation
functions, also known as interpolation functions. Selecting functions whose
field variable or its derivatives are continuous across the adjacent element
boundaries is a common practice. The finite element approach differs from
other numerical techniques since it allows for the generation of solutions for
each element before integrating them to represent the entire problem. This
indicates that while using stress analysis to solve a problem, first it
determines the stiffness or force-displacement properties of the individual
part before assembling the elements to calculate the stiffness of the entire
structure. A difficult problem breaks down into several much simpler
problems. The range of methods in which one can express the attributes of
individual elements is another benefit of the finite element method.
There are three primary strategies. First is the direct approach, which is the
initial
way of acquiring element properties, called the direct stiffness method of
structural analysis. It is the most straight forward technique to comprehend
while learning about the finite element method which implies that matrix
algebra is necessary to solve finite element equations. The second is a
variational approach which can also be used to identify the element attributes
that were discovered using the direct method. The third and even flexible
method is the weighted residuals approach for determining elemental
qualities, which has mathematical roots. With no need for a variational
statement, the weighted residuals technique starts with the governing
differential equations of the problem. The solution of a continuum issue
using the finite element method always follows an ordered step-by-step
procedure, regardless of the method employed to determine the element
6
attributes.
Figure 1.2 Working of Finite Element Method
1.8 ABAQUS SOFTWARE
ABAQUS/CAE is a computer-aided engineering software, first launched in

1978 which performs finite element analysis. CAE is an abbreviation for
computer-aided engineering. Numerical simulation of test specimens is
performed by the software. It is an application used for modeling and
analysis of mechanical components and assemblies of any physical
phenomenon and visualization of the finite element analysis results. It is
widely used by researchers to investigate the behavior of structural members
under the impact effect. It is possible to define several material models and
analysis characteristics in the step module.
The complete finite-element analysis consists of three key stages as follows:
7
1. Modelling or Preprocessing: This stage involves the creation of an
input file as per the engineer's design for finite-element analysis.
2. Finite element Analysis or Processing: This stage computes and runs
the job submitted, and then generates an output visual file.
3. Visualization of results or Postprocessing: This is a stage of visual
rendering where images, animations, reports, and plots are generated
from the output file.
Abaqus /CAE is capable to perform preprocessing, monitoring the processing
stage of the solver and post-processing.
1.8.1 APPLICATIONS OF ABAQUS
1. fluid dynamics with Abaqus/extensive CAE's support to pre- and post-

processing. Abaqus/CAE is an analysis software which allows users to
model and analyze structural components and assemblies (pre-
processing) as well as to visualize the results of finite element
analysis.
2. Abaqus/Standard, a general-purpose Finite-Element analyzing
software and performs traditional implicit integration. It is used to
solve simple systems.
3. Abaqus/Explicit, is a special-purpose finite-element analyzing software
and it solves highly nonlinear systems involving many complex
contacts under transient loads using an approach of explicit
integration.
4. Abaqus/CFD, a computational fluid dynamics software application that
performs advanced computational.
5. Abaqus/Electromagnetic, a software application for solving

sophisticated computational electromagnetic issues in computational
electromagnetics.
1.8.2 MESHING
Meshing indicates dividing a continuum into a large number of finite

elements. This can be done in two ways, either providing the number of
8
elements or the size of the element. The finite element type in ABAQUS is
characterized by the following components:
 The family
 Degrees of freedom (directly related to the element family)
 Number of nodes
 Formulation
 Integration
Figure1.3 represents different families of mesh elements commonly used in
ABAQUS/CAE.
Figure1.3 Commonly used element families
1.9 DEGEES OF FREEDOM

Being fundamental variables, the degrees of freedom (DOF) are calculated
during the analysis. For a stress / displacement simulation study, the degrees
of freedom are only translations at each node. In case of the beam and shell
families, they include rotational degrees of freedom as well. Whereas the heat
transfer simulation involves
the temperature’s degrees of freedom at each node; thus, a heat transfer

analysis utilizes different elements than a stress analysis, since the degrees
of freedom are not the same.
In general, any mass with continuum elements has all six degrees of freedom,
9
such as three translations and three rotations as shown in Figure1.4.
Figure1.4 Degrees of freedom
1. Translation DOF in direction1 (U1)

4. Rotational DOF in direction1 (UR1)
1.10 CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS

A structural load is a force, deformation or acceleration applied to the structure.
1. Static loads: Static loads are loads that do not vary in magnitude or
position with time. Dead loads and live loads are static loads.
2. Dynamic loads: Dynamic loads are loads that vary with time. Figure 1.5
shows different types of dynamic loads such as harmonic loading,
periodic loading, shock loading and general loading. Different types of
dynamic loads are shown in Figure 1.5.
10
Figure 1.5 Types of dynamic loads
1.11 SOURCE OF EXCITATION

A source of energy must be applied to a body to vibrate. There are two types
of vibrations that might cause excitation: free vibrations and forced vibrations.
1. Free vibration
When an initial source of vibration is eliminated, the structure vibrates
at its natural frequency, without any external force acting on it. This
is known as free vibration.
Examples: i) A bell's free response to an initial shock.
ii)Mass-spring system's free response to an initial displacement
2. Forced vibration
When a force is repeatedly applied to the mechanical system,
the structure vibrates.
Example: i) Washing machine shaking due to imbalance

There are three basic forms of excitation signals in forced vibration.
Signals
that are harmonic, periodic, or random.
11
i. Excitation by harmonics
A sine or cosine function with a defined period T is applied to the
body. A source of a harmonic excitation signal could be rigid
rotating machines.
ii. Excitation on a regular basis
This refers to excitation signals that recur with a particular duration
T across time. For example, Piston engines, produce periodic
excitation (the period corresponding to one full rotation of the crank
shaft).
iii. Excitation at random
A random excitation signal has a basic frequency, and a pattern that
repeats over time cannot be distinguished. Wind-generated forces
and earthquakes are the two examples.
1.12 ONE WAY SLAB

A One-Way Slab is a type of reinforced concrete slab hat is designed to primarily
resist bending in one direction. It is supported by beams or walls on two opposite
sides, and the main reinforcement bars are placed in one direction only,
perpendicular to the supporting beams. The name “one-way” slab comes from
the fact that the load is primarily transferred in single direction only.
The main characteristic of a one-way slab is that it has a clear and significant
span in one direction, known as the longer span or the span with the larger clear
distance between the supports. The other direction, known as the shorter span,
has a relatively smaller clear span.
The load-carrying capacity of a one-way slab primarily relies on flexural strength,

meaning it can resist bending moments in the longer span. The reinforcement
bars, typically called bottom bars, are placed near the bottom surface of the slab
in the direction perpendicular to the supporting beams.
The design of a one-way slab involves calculating the required slab thickness,
12
determining the reinforcement requirements based on the applied loads, ensuring
sufficient clear cover for the reinforcement bars, and considering deflection limits
to meet the desired serviceability requirements. The thickness of the slab is
usually chosen to provide adequate strength, prevent cracking, and limit
deflection within acceptable limits.
One-way slabs are commonly used in various building structures, such as

residential buildings, office buildings, and parking garages. They are favored
when the span in one direction is significantly larger than the span in the other
direction, as it allows for efficient use of materials and economical design.
In this project we are trying to create and analyze a one-way composite deck slab
using Abaqus software.
1.13 ORGANISATION OF THESIS
The flowchart outlines the organization of the thesis.
13
Flow chart 1.0: Organization of thesis
14
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 GENERAL
In recent times natural resources are depleting and there is a need to use
resources more efficiently. The use of composite deck slabs instead of
conventional reinforced cement concrete slabs offers a reduction in material along
with savings in cost and time. It even offers large stiffness due to its corrugated
shape. The effect of elevated temperature on the static and dynamic behavior of
the composite deck slab is the key factor of the present study.
The number of literatures is available related to experimental and analytical work
of composite deck slabs on deflection, cracking and slip at the interface of
concrete and deck sheet. This chapter gives a brief knowledge of the parameters
and results of earlier studies.
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW.
Abdulla Hetal.(2007) used ABAQUS/ Explicit module software to analyze the three-
dimensional model of steel deck sheets and concrete composite slabs to
determine the quasi-static analysis response. For the research of composite slabs
under bending test, a strip of 2.44m long and 305 mm wide was taken into
consideration. It was discovered that the quasi-static analysis method can
accurately forecast the load-deflection behavior and ultimate load of composite
slabs, making it a viable alternative to static analysis. The three key factors
reported in this study were horizontal shear bond behavior at the interface of
concrete and the steel deck, tensile brittle cracking of the concrete, and analysis
control.
.
Lambe and Siddh (2018), performed finite element analysis of a simply supported
composite slab (790mm x3000mm x105mm) using ABAQUS under static loads.
The shape, thickness, and shear span of a sheet were the three key factors. It has
been discovered that, as the thickness of a cold-formed deck contoured sheet
increases, the shear bond strength of a composite slab improved which leads to a
14
2 to 5 per cent reduction in deflection and a 4 to 7 percent reduction in stresses.
The composite slab's rigidity was improved with the change in profile shape of the
cold-formed steel deck sheet. The use of intermediate stiffeners lowered strains
by up to 7%.
Floridesetal.(2016), conducted an experiment and simulation of trapezoidal profiled

composite deck slabs and investigated the ultimate load, load vs. deflection behavior
and load vs. slip behavior considering different shear span lengths. ANSYS 11 is used
for the 3D non-linear FE modeling and analysis of full-scale slabs while considering
the interface contact elements and intermediate stiffeners. It is observed that from
shorter to longer shear spans, the ultimate failure load reduces and moves towards
the mid span. The effect of cyclic loading on the load-carrying capacity of composite
slabs is found to be minimal when compared to static loading. All experimental
specimen failure patterns showed a ductile failure. Shear bond failure controls the
slab's strength for shorter shear spans, while shear to flexural failure controls the
slab's behavior for shorter to larger shear spans. The ultimate loads, load vs.
deflection curves, and load vs end slip curves obtained from FE analysis are very
similar to the relevant experimental curves and have the same slope. The interaction
between concrete and profiled steel decking in a composite slab is accurately
described by the FE model put out in the study. The separation of the steel decking
and concrete slab was demonstrated using the FE slip model.
Shirgaonkar et al. (2020), modeled full-scale composite slabs using 3D drawing

software called SOLIDWORKS, and these models were then imported and analyzed in
the ANSYS work bench. Total mid-span deflection and slide at hinged support are
noted. The type of profiled deck sheet, depth of concrete topping, and sheet thickness
were the parameters considered for FEA. An increase in concrete slab depth from 100
to 140 mm resulted in a reduction in slip and deflection by 23.29 to 25.32 per cent and
33.63 to 42.66 per cent, respectively. Increased profiled deck sheet thickness from
0.8 to 1.2mm decreased the slip and deflection by 1.52 to 1.96 percent and 1.72 to
1.92 percent, respectively. The deflection and slip were reduced by using profiled
sheets with rectangular and v-type intermediate stiffeners, where as the profiled
sheets with v-type intermediate stiffeners provided comparably superior results. The
15
profile type of deck sheet and concrete depth has been found to have a significant
impact on load-carrying capacity.
Altoubat et al. (2015), investigated the impact of various secondary reinforcement

types and amounts on the in-plane shear capacity of composite deck slab (CDS) with
a re-entrant decking profile. The study took into consideration and tested the
CDS(1.8mx1.8mx0.125m),
with strong and weak deck orientations. The findings demonstrate that even if fibres
were employed to regulate temperature and shrinkage fractures, they significantly
increased the ultimate in plane
shear capability. With improved CDS strength and ductility, the fibres and welded wire
mesh(WWM)were able to distribute the applied load across the entire matrix
effectively. In strong and weak directions, fibers were found to enhance the ultimate
in-plane shear capacity of the slab by up to 29 and 50 per cent, respectively, while
WWM could only do so by up to 19 and 9 percent.
Roberts-Wollmann et al. (2004), examined and compared the effects of various

secondary reinforcements for temperature and shrinkage resistance behavior of
composite deck slabs(CDS) across a range of loading conditions and span
configurations. Welded wire fabric (WWF) and three different types of fibres were
used as secondary reinforcement. The tests used composite slabs with three spans
and a continuous steel deck, without negative moment reinforcement. In comparison
to slabs with WWF, CDS reinforced with 29.6 kg/m3 steel fibres when subjected to a
uniformly distributed load showed 18% higher ultimate strength. Simple slabs
exposed to point and line stresses exhibited less deflection and strain when
reinforced with steel fibres than when reinforced with WWF. The results of the tests
showed that the type of secondary reinforcement used in the composite slab has little
effect on the slab's strength, failure mode, load-deflection behaviour, crack initiation
and propagation
Gholamhoseini et al. (2016), conducted experiments on continuous composite slabs

16
(1.2m x6.3m x 0.15m) with trapezoidal steel decking to explore the crack width
caused by shrinkage and gravity stresses. Sixteen full-scale slab specimens were cast
with various interface bonds between the concrete and deck sheet (such as greased,
un-embossed, or conventional decking), as well as various types and amounts of
secondary reinforcement (e.g., welded wire mesh, steel fibres or normal reinforcing
bars). Each slab is provided with roller support at each end and was continuous over
the inner support. Over 90 days, the serviceability behaviour of slabs was examined,
and concrete shrinkage was measured. It was discovered that the shrinkage strains in
the samples of plain concrete and samples of fibre-reinforced concrete (with doses
up to 40 kg/m3 at 98 days of drying) were comparable. The slabs were subjected to
increasing
load until they fail and failure mode was observed as interface slip at the ends. For
each slab,
the crack diameters were determined for various applied load levels while monitoring
the mid-span deflection and end slip vs applied load. The steel fibre dosage of 60
kg/m3 raised slip load by 42 per cent and showed better performance in enhancing
crack control compared to wire steel meshed reinforcement, and the maximum crack
width was reduced by 50%.
Abas et al. (2013), carried out experiments on continuous composite slabs to study
the effect of variable steel fibre dosages on the concrete cracking at the hogging
moment region and the hogging moment distribution, the ultimate load-carrying
capacity of the slabs, end slip at the interaction. The steel fibre-reinforced concrete
composite slabs showed higher load capacity and reduced end slip compared to the
welded steel mesh-reinforced concrete composite slabs. Even fibres showed better
performance in crack control.
Leon & Rassati (2013), performed two-point load experimental tests on continuous
composite slabs up to failure and carried out finite element analysis. The ultimate
flexural capacity of all slabs was controlled by the yielding of the reinforcement at the
interior support and the slip between interfaces of the concrete-deck sheet within the
shear span before reaching the full plasticity of the composite deck slab.
17
Dong‐Hee Son et al. (2021), used two experiments positive and negative moment
tests to examine the flexural performance of composite deck slabs made of macro
synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (MFRC). The key factors in the positive moment
test were the macro synthetic fibre dosage and the presence of studs, whereas the
main factors in the negative moment test were the reinforcement ratio and the macro
synthetic fibre dosage. The findings of the material testing revealed that the MFRC's
compressive strength and elastic modulus were higher than those of regular concrete.
Flexural tensile tests revealed that the deck plates had enough remaining strength to
resist fracture after reaching their maximum strength. Thus, it is concluded that all
specimen flexural strength and cracking load increased under the dosage of macro
synthetic fibre. A flexural strength model of a steel deck composite plate including
macro synthetic fibres was put out following the results of the experiments, and it
demonstrated a higher degree of accuracy. The results also presented the higher
flexural stiffness of the MFRC steel decks until yielding.
Hossainetal.(2016), presents the development and performance evaluation of a high-

performance composite flooring system using two forms of concrete, namely
commercial self-consolidating concrete (SCC) and green cost-effective Engineered
cementitious composites (ECC). The experiments involved five distinct shear span
distances (300, 380,450, 530, and 600 mm), two different types of profiled steel
sheet/deck, the presence or absence of shear stud connectors, and simply supported
four-point loading conditions. In terms of strength, ductility, strain hardening capacity,
energy absorption capacity, and shear bond resistance, the ECC composite slabs
better performed than their SCC counterparts. In comparison to composite slabs with
lower shear spans, those with longer shear spans created more stress and strain in
the steel sheet. Due to the installation of stud shear connectors, the overall slip
reduction for ECC slabs varied from 13 to 17 per cent and 8to 10 per cent for SCC
slabs. Shear studs helped both slabs to achieve higher peak loads and pre-cracking
stiffness with reduced deflection. Due to ECC's enhanced ability to develop stronger
steel concrete composite action through embossments and shear studs, strength
gain (in terms of shear or moment capacity) was higher compared to their SCC
counterparts.
18
Hedaoo et al. (2012), performed experiments and analytical studies on the design
strength estimation of composite slabs with trapezoidal profiled steel decking and
evaluated the shear bond strength under the bending test. Eighteen specimens are
evaluated for various shear span lengths under static and cyclic loads. Both m-k and
partial shear connection (PSC) methods are used to compare and verify the
longitudinal shear bond strength between the concrete and steel deck. The load-
carrying capacity of the composite slabs as determined by experimental and partial
shear connection method findings showed a reasonably excellent agreement, with
values that, on average, deviate within 12.5 percent. From a shorter to a longer shear
span, the composite slab's ultimate failure load reduces and moves towards the mid
span. Shear bond failure alone determines the strength of a slab for shorter shear
spans, while flexural and shear bond failure, respectively, governs the behavior of a
slab for shorter to larger shear spans. All experimental specimen failure patterns
showed a ductile failure. The end slip is observed from the beginning of loading as in
shorter span slabs, or between 75% and 80% of the failure load. The values of m and k
were 81.95 and 0.046 MPa, respectively. With increasing shear span length, the
longitudinal shear stress of the slab decreased. The design values of slabs resulting
from line loads obtained by the m-k method are slightly higher as compared to the
PSCmethod
Baskar et al. (2012), performed an investigation on composite deck slabs with and
without embossments that were done analytically and empirically. Shear transfer
between the plate’s outer shell and the concrete core by mechanical interlock in the
form of embossments or shear
connections. Ten simply supported composite deck slabs were evaluated

experimentally until they failed under a two-point line load at the L/4 (Shear span) of
the span. The non-linear finite element analysis of slabs in ANSYS demonstrated a
high degree of flexural resistance, ultimate strength, and ductility. For ultimate loads
and load deflection reactions, there was good agreement between the experimental
and finite element results. Thus, it was discovered that the finite element method
could accurately predict the behavior of the composite deck slab. Sheets with
19
embossments (WE group) had a 13% higher maximum load-carrying capability than
sheets without embossments (WOE). The embossments stopped the delamination of
the sheets in the flexure zone, despite the small increase in ultimate load-carrying
capacity. Additionally, by including both embossments and end anchorages (WEWS),
the load-carrying capacity was increased, it was 54% higher than that of the WOE
group and 36% higher than that of the WE group. For the WOE, WE, and WEWS groups,
the load ratio was found to be 1.02, 1.09, and 1.16, respectively.
Simon et al. (2017), Utilizing three-dimensional computational finite element

modeling, researcher studied the effect of the presence of embossments in steel
sheeting on the mechanical interlock. Also, the impact of different parameters such
as size, shape (such as rectangular, square, and circular), and alignment of
embossments on the shear capacity and ultimate strength of the composite slab is
studied. It was discovered that the shear resistance of the composite slab increased
by 16% with the change in shape, size, and alignment of the embossments. Based on
the analysis findings, embossments boosted the composite slab’s overall strength.
The largest load was supported by a composite slab made of steel sheets with square
embossments that were 50% larger than normal. Circular embossment showed a
quick response to the change in the size of the embossment. Both vertical and
horizontal alignment yielded the same results for embossments of normal size. The
composite deck slab showed better strength in the cases of deck sheets with
horizontally aligned smaller-sized embossments and also deck sheets with vertically
aligned bigger-sized embossments
Chen et al. (2003), tested the shear-bond behavior of the profiled steel sheet and
concrete. Both continuous composite slabs and simply supported composite slab
samples were put to the test. The simply supported slabs had been constructed with
various end constraints. It was discovered that slabs with end anchorage by steel
shear studs may support more shear-bond than slabs without end anchorage.
According to the findings, the shear-bond slip model can accurately predict how much
pressure a continuous composite slab will withstand when being sheared. The
20
sagging zone must be related to the continuous composite slab shear span
Lee et al. (2001), conducted numerical and experimental work to evaluate the ductility,
to determine the negative moment capacity of composite slabs accounting for the
steel deck contribution and examined the behavior of a composite slab made of
concrete and steel deck sheet. Ten specimens with various thicknesses of slab and
reinforcement ratios were used. The negative moment capacity of each slab predicted
using a simple analytical model was compared with the results obtained from the
experiments. According to the trial findings, the steel deck also contributes to the
hogging moment capacity, and the area showed a decent level of ductility, which can
be used for moment redistribution. The cold-formed steel deck adds to the negative
moment capacity of composite slabs relative to their positive moment capacity. The
degree of increment in the negative moment capacity is however dependent on many
factors. Further, it is mentioned that the results may not hold good for steel decks
with lower yield strengths like 280 and 350 MPa. The results are noteworthy for cold-
formed steel decks with a yield strength of 550 MPa.
2.3 OBJECTIVES
1. To model and analyze the linear static behavior of RC Corrugated Slab with Deck
sheet under the effect of different boundary conditions and thicknesses of
slab.
21
2. To study and analyze the static behavior of RC Corrugated Slab with Deck sheet
under the effect of reinforcement in different locations of slab and stiffener
portion.
3. To model and analyze the linear static behavior of RC Corrugated shaped Slab
without Deck sheet under the effect of different boundary conditions and
thicknesses of slab.
4. To study and analyze the static behavior of RC Corrugated shaped Slab without
Deck sheet under the effect of reinforcement in different locations of slab and
stiffener portion.
5. Comparison of linear static behavior of RC Corrugated shaped Slab without

Deck sheet and of RC Corrugated Slab with Deck sheet.
2.4 SCOPE OF WORK
The study focuses on the static behavior of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet. As
experimental and analytical methods are difficult for larger structural components like
slabs, the use of a numerical method such as FEM will be helpful. The increased
thickness, different boundary condition, location of the reinforcements and the effect
of damage in the deck sheet is studied under linear static analysis. And this study also
tests the variation of deflection with these different mentioned parameters. Like
thickness, boundary conditions and location of reinforcement in slab and or in
stiffeners.
CHAPTER 3
22
METHODOLOGY
3.1 GENERAL
The experimental evaluation of the parameters is quite expensive and consumes much
time as they consist of complex variables like the individual constituents of the
composite material, geometry, assembling and testing. It is a tedious and time-
consuming process and there is a need to develop analytical models to evaluate
parameters which play a very important role.
3.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
The model of the RC corrugated deck slab adopted is verified with the theoretical
results which are obtained using IS codes of practice and is compared. In the present
work, the verified model is further utilized to study the slab behavior under linear static
loading with different boundary conditions, thickness, and varying the reinforcement
details. Figure 3.1 shows the cross-section of profiled RC corrugated slab.
Figure 3.1 Cross section and dimension of profiled RC corrugated slab
Length: 4 feet / 1.22 m

Width: 2 feet / 0.61 m
RC slab depth: 50 mm
Reinforcement details of RC slab: Main reinforcement is 3 No. of bars with 300 mm
spacing c/c
Distribution reinforcement is 4 No. of bars with 400 mm
23
c/c
Shape of deck sheet: Trapezoidal deck sheet
Concrete: M30 grade
Size of reinforcement bars: Mild steel mesh reinforcement of 6mm diameter bars
Thickness of deck sheet used: 8 mm

Depth of deck sheet: 25 mm
Mesh size: 20 mm
Mesh type: Deck sheet – C3D8R, Concrete–C3D8R
Mild steel mesh reinforcement – B31
Figure 3.2 shows the C3D8R and B31 elements. C3D8R is a general-purpose, hexagonal-
shaped, 8- node linear brick element available in the ABAQUS element library which
belongs to the family of 3D Stress. B31 is a 2- node linear Beam in space element used
for steel mesh reinforcement
C3D8R B31
Figure 3.2 Mesh element type
24
Each part of the composite slab is assigned with respective material properties as
tabulated in Table 3.1. The three thicknesses of the corrugated deck sheet considered
are based on the availability and are named A, B and C as mentioned in Table 3.2.
Table 3.1 Material Properties
DeckSheet and
Particulars Concrete
Steel
reinforcement
Modulus of Elasticity 27386 MPa 200000 MPa
Poisson ratio 0.2 0.3
Density 2400 kg/m3 7850 kg/m3
Table 3.2 Thickness of Deck sheet

Type Thickness of deck
sheet
CDSA 0.8 mm
CDSB 1.0 mm
CDSC 1.2 mm
3.3 MODELLING OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH DECK SHEET
The three parts used to model the RC corrugated slab with deck sheet are deck sheet,
concrete and steel reinforcement as shown in Figures 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 respectively.
These parts are assembled to form the RC corrugated slab with deck sheet as shown in
Figure 3.6.
25
The deck sheet is completely tied to the concrete providing surface-to-surface contact
between each element. The reinforcement bars are themselves tied in the form of mesh
and embedded inside the concrete.
26
Figure 3.3 Corrugated Deck sheet
Figure 3.4 Concrete part with the corrugated shape at the bottom
27
Figure 3.5 Reinforced steel mesh
Figure 3.6 RC corrugated slab with deck sheet after assembling the parts
28
3.4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
The two types of Boundary conditions adopted in the present work are full and
symmetrical boundary conditions. In full boundary condition, the complete slab is
considered for the study. Whereas the symmetrical boundary condition is explained in
section 3.4.1.
For the static linear analysis, the complete slab of dimension (2.15 m × 3 m) with full
boundary condition is adopted. The different boundary conditions explained below are
represented in Figure 3.7.
 In clamped condition (CCCC), all 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) are restricted on all
four edges.
 In simply supported (SSSS) condition, 1, 3, 5 DOFs are restricted on the edges
parallel to the X axis and 2, 3, 4 DOFs are restricted on the edges parallel to the Y
axis.
 In CCFF and SSFF conditions, the two edges parallel to the Y axis are set free,
and the two opposite edges parallel-to the X axis are restricted.
Note:
 DOF 1, 2, and 3 represent translational degrees of freedom along X, Y, and Z

directions respectively.
 DOF 4, 5, and 6 represent rotational degrees of freedom in X, Y, and Z directions
respectively.
29
CCCC(Clamped) SSSS(Simply
Supported)
CCFF SSFF
Figure 3.7 Restrained degrees of freedom at each edge of the full slab
3.5 PRESSURE LOAD APPLIED ON THE RC CORRUGATED DECK SLAB IN STATIC

ANALYSIS
The total load is calculated according to the IS 875 part 1 and part 2 codes.
It is kept constant for all static analysis studies.

30
Dead load of slab = Density of concrete × Thickness of concrete slab
= 25 kN/m3 × 0.056 m
2
Dead load of slab = 1.4 kN/m
2
Floor finishing = 1 kN/m
2
Imposed load = 2 kN/m
2
Total load = 4.4 kN/m
Total factored load = 6.6 kN/m2
3.6 FLOW CHART SHOWING STEPS FOLLOWED IN ABAQUS SOFTWARE FOR THE
LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH DECK SHEET
31
1.1 Steps followed in Abaqus software
01.Model Creation:
Create a 3D model of the one-way RC corrugated slab in Abaqus.

Define the dimensions of the slab, including the length of 1.22m, width of 0.61m,
thickness of 56mm, and the deck sheet thickness of 0.8mm.
Determine the appropriate material properties for the RC slab and deck sheet, such as
elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio and density.
Figure 3.8 Figure showing Model Creation
02. Material Properties:

Assign the material properties to the RC slab and deck sheet.
Determine the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density and other relevant
properties for both materials.
Consider the behavior of reinforced concrete, including the concrete and steel
reinforcement properties.
32
Figure 3.9 Assigning Material Properties
03. Specify interaction properties:

After creating the sheet and corrugated slab model, place the sheer right above the
corrugated slab model and give the tolerance and specify interaction so that it should
bond properly to evenly distribute the load.
Figure 3.10 Specifying interaction properties
04.Geometry and Meshing:

Use the modeling tools in Abaqus to create the corrugated shape on the top surface
of the slab, considering a suitable depth for the corrugation.
Generate a mesh for the slab model, ensuring that it is refined enough to capture the
desired level of accuracy for the deflection analysis.
Pay attention to the mesh quality and element type selection to obtain reliable results
33
Figure 3.11 Geometry and Meshing
05. Defining boundary conditions and Load Application:

Define the pressure load on the top surface of the slab model.
In Abaqus, you can apply the pressure load as a distributed load using the "Surface
Load" feature.
Select the top surface of the slab model and specify the magnitude of the pressure
2
load as 6.6 kN/m . The boundary conditions applied are 1,3,5 for fixing it as simply
supported.
Figure 3.12 Defining boundary conditions and Load Application
06. Run the analysis

34
Submit the analysis job to Abaqus for computation.

The software will solve the finite element equations and calculate the deflection of the slab.
07. Post-processing:
Once the analysis is complete, open the results file in Abaqus and navigate to the
results visualization environment.
Load the results of the analysis, including nodal displacements.
Extract the nodal displacements from the results obtained and calculate the deflection
of the slab at each node.
Visualize the deflection results using appropriate post-processing tools in Abaqus,
such as contour plots or animations.
Figure 3.13 Post-processing and visualization
35
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DESCUSSION
4.1 GENERAL
The RC Corrugated slab with deck sheet is subjected to pressure load and different
parameters are studied as mentioned in the previous chapter. In this chapter, the
results of the examination of linear static characteristics of RC Corrugated slab with
deck sheet slab are presented.
4.2 COMPARISON STUDIES

The comparison studies are necessary to ascertain the accuracy of the model
developed in the ABAQUS software for the analysis of static and dynamic problems.
It allows the user to verify the finite element analysis in the software. Once verified,
the user can proceed with enhanced studies as per the objectives.
4.3 NON-CORRUGATED SLABS
36
Figure 4.1: Non corrugated slab of 50mm thickness
37
Figure 4.2 Non corrugated slab of 56mm thickness
Figure 4.3: Non corrugated slab of 75mm thickness
4.3 RESULTS OF LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT

DECK SHEET
38
Figure 4.4: RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with no reinforcements
Figure 4.5: RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab
portion
39
Figure 4.6: RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement
only in stiffener portion
Figure 4.7: RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement in slab and
stiffener portion
40
4.4 RESULTS OF LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT
DECK SHEET
Figure 4.8: RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with no reinforcement
Figure 4.9: RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab
portion
41
Figure 4.10: RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement in slab and
stiffener portion
Figure 4.11: RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement only in stiffener
portion
42
4.5 COMPARISION OF LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS RESULTS OF RC CORRUGATED

SLAB WITHOUT DECK SHEET AND RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT DECK SHEET
01. RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with no reinforcements and RC corrugated
slab with deck sheet with no reinforcement
Slab dimensions =610*1220*75 mm
2
Load=6.6kN/m
a. Deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with no reinforcement =0.3292
mm.
b. Deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with no reinforcements =0.4190
mm.
c. Deflection of Non corrugated slab =0.4810mm.
Comparing a and b,
It was found that deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with no
reinforcement was reduced by 27.28 % compared to the deflection of RC corrugated
slab without deck sheet with no reinforcement.
Comparing a and c,
It was found that deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with no
reinforcement was reduced by 46.11 % compared to the deflection of Non corrugated
slab
02. RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab portion
and RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab portion
Load=6.6kN/m2
a. Deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab
portion =0.3297 mm.
b. Deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement only in
slab portion =0.4190 mm.
Comparing a and b,
43
It was found that deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement
only in slab portion was reduced by 27.08 % compared to the deflection of RC
corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement only in slab portion.
Comparing a and c,
It was found that deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement
only in slab portion was reduced by 45.89 % compared to the deflection of Non
corrugated slab.
03. RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement in only stiffener
portion and RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement in only stiffener
portion
Load=6.6kN/m2
a. Deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement in only
stiffener portion =0.3165 mm.
b. Deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement in only
Comparing a and b,
It was found that deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with
reinforcement in only stiffener portion was reduced by 24.55 % compared to the
deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement in only
stiffener portion.
Comparing a and c,
reinforcement in slab and stiffener portion was reduced by 52.02 % compared to the
deflection of Non corrugated slab.
04. RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement with reinforcement in
slab and stiffener portion and RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement
in slab and stiffener portion
44
2
Load=6.6kN/m
a. Deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with reinforcement only in
b. Deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement only in
stiffener portion=0.3941 mm.
Comparing a and b,
deflection of RC corrugated slab without deck sheet with reinforcement in slab and
stiffener portion.
Comparing a and c,
deflection of Non corrugated slab.
4.6 GRAPHICAL LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH DECK

SHEET, RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT DECK SHEET, NON-CORRUGATED SLAB.
Table 4.1 Data for graphical analysis
45
Figure 4.12: Load deflection curve for RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with no
reinforcement and without deck sheet without reinforcement and non-corrugated
slab
46
Figure 4.12: Load deflection curve for RC corrugated slab with deck sheet with
reinforcement only in slab portion and without deck sheet with reinforcement only
in slab portion and non-corrugated slab
reinforcement only in stiffener portion and without deck sheet with reinforcement
47
only in stiffener portion and non-corrugated slab
reinforcement in stiffener and slab portion and without deck sheet with
reinforcement only in stiffener and slab portion and non-corrugated slab
4.7 LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT DECK SHEET

AND WITH DECK SHEET WITH FIXED WIDTH AND VARYING LENGTH (ASPECT
RATIO)
Fig 4.15: Comparison of deflection between RC corrugated slab without and with
48
sheet (3.5ft x 7ft) of thickness 56 mm
4.8 COMPARISION OF DEFLECTION OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITHOUT AND

WITH SHEET WITH FIXED WIDTH AND VARYING LENGTH
49
 From fig 4.15 it is clear that the deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck
sheet was reduced by 30.37 % compared to without deck sheet.
 From fig 4.16 it is clear that the deflection of RC corrugated slab with deck
sheet was reduced by 30.41 % compared to without deck sheet.
 From fig 4.17 it is clear that the both the slabs were failed because the
deflection of slabs were out of range. (L/350)
CHAPTER 5
PROJECT CONCLUSION
The Finite element analysis was done to investigate the effect of different
parameters on the static response of the Composite deck slab model using
ABAQUS/CAE.The following conclusions are made from the analysis results.
1) The investigation revealed a discernible reduction in deflection as the

thickness of the reinforced concrete (RC) corrugated slab or sheet was
augmented.
2) Through the implementation of varying reinforcement strategies across

different sections of the slab, it was ascertained that the inclusion of
reinforcement resulted in a noteworthy reduction of deflection, ranging from
25 to 30%. This comparison was drawn between the reinforced concrete (RC)
corrugated slab with the integrated sheet and the counterpart without such
50
reinforcement.
3) Upon incorporating reinforcement in distinct sections of the slab, a

comprehensive examination revealed a substantial decrease in deflection
ranging from 45 to 50%. This comparative analysis encompassed the
comparison between the reinforced concrete (RC) corrugated slab integrated
with a sheet and a non-corrugated slab, highlighting the significant impact of
reinforcement on deflection reduction.
4) Providing reinforcement solely in the stiffener portion of the RC corrugated

slab with a deck sheet yielded similar results to reinforcing both the slab and
stiffener. This demonstrates the capability of the stiffener alone to withstand
the applied load effectively.
5) By maintaining a fixed breadth while varying the length of the slab, a

comparative analysis of deflection was conducted between the reinforced
concrete (RC) corrugated slab with and without a sheet. The investigation
revealed a significant reduction in deflection of approximately 30%.
5.1 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
1)The linear static analysis of the RC corrugated slab with deck sheet will further
help to understand the development of concrete cracks, slip-at interactions and the
composite action of the deck sheet.
2)The interaction between concrete and deck sheet can be provided using various
kind of contact elements that helps in slip and horizontal shear stress studies.
51
REFERENCES
1. Hedaoo, N. A., Gupta, L. M., & Ronghe, G. N. (2012). Design of composite

slabs with profiled steel decking: a comparison between experimental and
analytical studies. International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering,
4(1).
2. Florides, M. M., & Cashell, K. A. (2017a). Numerical Modelling of Composite
Floor Slabs Subject to Large Deflections. Structures, 9, 112–122.
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi- 590 018

A Major Project Report on

LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF RC CORRUGATED SLAB WITH

Under the guidance of

Department of Civil Engineering

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 COMPOSITE DECK SLAB.................................................................................. 1

1.3 PROFILE OF DECKING ...................................................................................... 2

1.4 SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT .................................................................... 2

1.5 COMPOSITE ACTION......................................................................................... 3

1.6 BENEFITS OFCOMPOSITE DECK SLAB IN CONSTRUCTION .................... 3

1.7 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 4

1.8 ABAQUS SOFTWARE ....................................................................................... 6

1.8.1 APPLICATIONS OF ABAQUS ......................................................................... 7

1.8.2 MESHING ............................................................................................................ 7

1.9 DEGREES OF FREEDOM ................................................................................... 8

1.10 CLASSIFICATION OF LOADS........................................................................... 9

1.11 SOURCE OF EXCITATIONS ............................................................................ 10

1.12 ONE WAY SLAB ............................................................................................... 10

1.13 ORGANISATION OF THESIS........................................................................... 12

2.0 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...................................................................................... 13

2.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 13

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................... 13

2.3 GAPIN LITERATURE ....................................................................................... 19

2.4 OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................... 19

3.0 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................... 20

3.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................... 20

3.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION................................................................................ 20

BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL DEPARTMENT

3.3 MODELLING OF COMPOSITE DECK SLAB ................................................ 22

3.4 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ............................................................................. 23

3.5 PRESSURE LOAD APPLIED ON THE COMPOSITE DECK SLAB IN

3.6 FLOW CHART SHOWING STEPS IN ABAQUS ............................................ 25

3.6.1 MODEL CREATION ......................................................................................... 25

3.6.2 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ................................................................................ 26

3.6.3 SPECIFY INTERACTION PROPERTIES ........................................................ 27

3.6.4 GEOMETRY AND MESHING .......................................................................... 27

3.6.5 DEFINING BOUNDARY CONDITION AND LOAD APPLICATION .......... 28

3.6.6 RUN THE APPLICATION ................................................................................ 28

3.6.7 POST-PROCESSING ......................................................................................... 28

4.0 CASE STUDY WITH RESULTS AND COMPARISON .......................................... 30

4.1 CASE STUDY-1 ................................................................................................. 30

4.1.1 EFFECT OF NO OF CORRUGATION .............................................................. 30

4.1.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 33

4.2 CASE STUDY-2 ................................................................................................. 34

4.2.1 EFFECT OF DEPTH OF CORRUGATION ....................................................... 34

4.2.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 37

4.3 CASE STUDY-3 ................................................................................................. 38

4.3.1 EFFECT OF DEPTH OF CORRUGATION ....................................................... 38

4.3.2 GRAPH ................................................................................................................ 41

BMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CIVIL DEPARTMENT

5.1 SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK ........................................................................... 44

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1.2 Working of Finite element method-------------------------------------------------- 6

Figure 1.3 Commonly used element families--------------------------------------------------- 8

Figure 1.4 Degrees of freedom--------------------------------------------------------------------8

Figure 1.5 Types of dynamic loads -------------------------------------------------------------- 9

Figure 3.2 Mesh element type-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Table 3.1 Material Properties-------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

Figure 3.4 Reinforced steel mesh---------------------------------------------------------------- 22