01.

ROMEO AND JULIET -William Shakespeare

‘gÉÆëÄAiÉÆà ªÀÄvÀÄÛ dÆå°AiÀÄmï’ EAVèÃµï ¸Á»vÀåzÀ
¥Àæ¹zÀÞ PÀ« ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÁlPÀPÁgÀ «°AiÀÄA ±ÉÃPÀì¦AiÀÄgï §gÉ¢gÀĪÀ
£ÁlPÀ. F £ÁlPÀzÀ DAiÀÄÝ JgÀqÀÄ ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß E°è ¤ÃqÀ¯ÁVzÉ.
gÉÆëÄAiÉÆà ªÉÆzÀ® ¨ÁjUÉ dÆå°AiÀÄmï¼À£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃrzÁUÀ
CªÀ£À°è ªÀÄÆrzÀ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÉÆzÀ® ¨sÁUÀ ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
dÆå°AiÀÄmï vÀ£Àß ¥ÉæëÄAiÀiÁzÀ gÉÆëÄAiÉÆãÀ£ÀÄß PÀÄjvÀÄ
ªÀåPÀÛ¥Àr¸ÀĪÀ C¤¹PÉU¼À À£ÀÄß JgÀq£
À ÃÉ ¨sÁUÀ ¤ÃqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

Important points to remember:

Romeo says:
 Juliet teaches the torches to burn bright.
 She hangs upon the cheek of night.
 She is like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear.
 Juliet’s beauty is too rich for use and too dear for earth.
 Juliet appears as a white dove among the crows.
 He wants to make his rude hand blessed by touching hers.
 He asks if his heart loved till then.
 He never saw true beauty till that night.

Juliet says:
 He lies on the wings of night.
 Romeo is the day of her night.
 He should be cut out in little stars after her death.
 He as little stars will make the face of heaven very fine.
 The world will be in love with night.
 People will not worship the garish sun.

Answer for 04/06 Marks Questions:

One night , Romeo went to see Roseline. There, he saw
Juliet. He loved her instantly. Her beauty excelled the
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brightness of torches. He compared her beauty with a rich
jewel in an Ethiope’s ear. She shined like a snowy white dove
among crows (co-dancers). After the dance, he wanted to
make his rude hands soft by touching her soft hand.
Juliet welcomed Romeo . Romeo was like day at night
for Juliet. His charm excelled the whiteness of new snow
on a raven’s back. After his death, she wanted Romeo to be
cut in little stars. His bright shine will make the face of
heaven very fine. People will stop worshipping the garish
sun and the whole world will love night.
Glossary
went to see-£ÉÆÃqÀĪÀÅzÀPÌÉ ºÉÆÃzÀ£ÀÄ
there-C°è
saw-£ÉÆÃrzÀ
loved-¦æÃw¹zÀ
instantly-vÀvïPÀëtªÉÃ
excelled-«ÄÃj¹vÀÄ
brightness of torches-¥ÀAdÄUÀ¼À ºÉƼÀ¥ÀÄ
compared with beauty- ¸ËAzÀAiÀÄðzÉÆA¢UÉ ºÉÆð¹zÀ
rich jewel -CªÀÄÆ®åªÁzÀ D¨sg À Àt
ethiope’ sear-EwAiÉÆÃ¥À£À Q«
shined-ºÉƼÉz¼ À ÄÀ
white dove-©½ ¥ÁjªÁ¼À
among crows-PÁUÉUÀ¼À £ÀqÀĪÉ
co-dancers-¸ÀºÀ £ÀvÀðQAiÀÄgÀÄ
after thedance -£ÀÈvÀåzÀ £ÀAvÀgÀ
wanted to make-ªÀiÁrPÉƼÀ¨ î ÃÉ QvÀÄÛ
rude-MgÀmÁzÀ
by touching-¸Àà±Àð¢AzÀ

5
welcomed-¸ÁéUw À ¹zÀ¼ÄÀ
day-ºÀU®
À Ä
night-gÁwæ, EgÀļÀÄ
charm-¸ÉƧUÀÄ, ZɮĪÀÅ
whiteness of new snow-ºÉƸÀ ªÀÄAf£ÀAvÀºÀ ©½ §tÚ
raven’s back-PÁUÉAiÀÄ ¨É£ÀÄß
wanted to be cut-PÀvÛj
À ¸À®àq¨À ÃÉ QvÀÄÛ
bright-ºÉƼÀ¥ÁzÀ
shine-«Ä£ÀÄUÀÄ
will make the face of heaven fine-¸ÀéUÀðzÀ ªÀÄÄRªÀ£ÄÀ ß
¸ÀÄAzÀgÀUÆ
É ½¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ
will stop worshipping-¥ÀÆf¸ÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß ¤°è¸ÄÀ vÁÛgÉ
garish sun-PÀtÄÚPÄÀ ̪/À PÀtÄÚPÆ
É ÃgÉʸÀĪÀ ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð£À£ÄÀ ß.
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence
each:
1. What does Juliet teach to burn bright?
Torches.
2. Who according to Romeo teaches the torches to burn
bright?
Juliet.
3. Who according to Romeo seems to hang upon the cheek
of night?
Juliet.
4. Who is compared to ‘a rich jewel’ in an Ethiope’s ear?
Juliet.
5. Who is compared to a ‘snowy dove’ by Romeo?
Juliet.
6. Whose beauty is too rich for use?
Juliet’s beauty.

6
7. What does Romeo intend to do after the completion of
dance ?
Touch her hand.
8. What was not seen by Romeo until he saw Juliet?
True beauty.
9. Who is compared to crows by Romeo?
Fellow dancers / Juliet’s co-dancers.
10. What does Juliet ask the loving, black browed night?
To give her Romeo
11. When does Juliet expect Romeo to come?
At night.
12. Who will lie upon the wings of night?
Romeo.
13. Who is whiter than new snow?
Romeo.
14. Who appears as ‘day in night’?
Romeo.
15. What does Juliet want Romeo to be after her death?
To be cut in little stars.
16. What will Romeo make so fine?
The face of heaven.
17. What will the world be in love with?
With night.
18. When will the world be in love with night?
When Romeo is cut out in little stars.
19. What does the phrase, ‘teach the torches to burn bright’
suggest?
Juliet’s beauty surpasses the brightness of the light.
20. What does the phrase ‘for earth too dear’ suggest?
Juliet’s beauty is divine/rare.
21. What are the fellow dancers of Juliet compared to?
Crows.
7
2.Too Dear - Leo Tolstoy
‘lÆrAiÀÄgï’ °AiÉÆà mÁ®¸ÁÖAiÀiïgÀªÀgÀ ‘ªÉÆ£ÁåPÉÆÃ’ JA§
MAzÀÄ ¥ÀÄlÖ DnPÉAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ ‘DqÀ½vÀ’zÀ PÀvAÉ iÀiÁVzÉ. ªÉÆ£ÁåPÆ É ÃzÀ
CgÀ¸À dÆdÄ PÉÃAzÀæUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¸Áܦ¹PÉÆAqÀÄ, C£ÉÃPÀ PÀÄlÄA§UÀ¼À£ÀÄß
£Á±À ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ gÁd£ÁVgÀÄvÁÛ£.É PÉêÀ® K¼ÀÄ ¸Á«gÀ d£À ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ£ÀÄß
ºÉÆA¢zÀÝ ¥ÀÄlÖ DnPÉAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ gÁd£ÁzÀgÆ À , EvÀgÉ gÁdgÀAvÉ
J®èªÇÀ §ÈºÀvÁÛVgÀ¨ÃÉ PÉAzÀÄ ¤jÃQë¸ÄÀ vÁÛ£.É CzÀPÁÌV vÀ£ßÀ DzÁAiÀĪÀ£ÀÄß
MAzÀÄ dÆdÄ PÉÃAzÀæzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ºÉaѹPÉƼÀÄîªÀ D¸É CªÀ£ÀzÁVgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.
EAvÀºÀªÀ£À ¸ÁªÀiÁædåzÀ°è MAzÀÄ PÉƯÉAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉƯÉUÁgÀ ¹QÌ
©Ã¼ÀÄvÁÛ£.É CªÀ££ À ÄÀ ß ºÉÃUÉ £Àq¹
É PÉƼÀî¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AiÀiÁªÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è
CªÀ¤UÉ ²PÉë ¤ÃqÀ¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ J£ÀÄߪÀÅzÉà F PÀvÉ. PÉêÀ® ¯Á¨sÀzÀ
¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀz°À è EgÀĪÀ gÁd£ÀÄ, EvÀgg À À fêÀPÌÉ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉà ¨É¯É ¤ÃqÀĪÀÅ¢®è
J£ÀÄߪÀÅzÀÄ E°è ªÀåPÀÛUÉƼÀÄîvÀÛzÉ.

Important points to remember :

 Monaco had a population of 7000. It had an army of 60 men.
 Monaco was called a toy kingdom. It had a king, palace,
ministers, army, generals, bishops and courtiers on a small scale.
 Tax was levied on spirits, wine and tobacco. There was also
poll tax.
 As income was less, the king had a special source of income –
Gaming House.
 Once a murder was committed and the criminal was arrested.
The court announced death sentence.
 Monaco had no guillotine. France expected 16,000 francs to
supply the machine and an expert. Italy expected 12,000 francs
for the machine.
 In order to reduce the expense, the king changed the criminal’s
punishment from ‘death sentence’ to ‘life imprisonment’.
 The king noticed that 600 francs was spent on the prisoner for
a year.
 Finally, the council awarded a pension of 600 francs to the
prisoner.
8
 Answer for 04/06 Marks Questions:
Monaco was a toy kingdom. Monaco’s population was seven
thousand. It consisted a king, palace, courtiers, ministers, bishop and
an army of 60 men. A tax was collected on tobacco, wine and spirits.
A special revenue came from the gaming house.
Once, a strange incident took place in Monaco. A murder was
committed by a man. But there was no guillotine to cut his head. So,
Monaco consulted the French Government to supply the machine. The
French Government quoted 16,000 francs. It was considered
expensive. So, Monaco consulted the Italian Government. The Italian
Government quoted 12,000 francs. It was also considered expensive.
So the council changed its decision from death sentence to life
imprisonment. The murderer was imprisoned. But the annual prison
charges of 600 francs was also considered expensive.
The council met again and they dismissed the guard. But the criminal
did not run away. He went at the proper time and brought his food
from the prince’s kitchen. When they told him to run away, he said that
he had no place to go and his character was ruined. People will turn
their backs on him and he had also forgotten the way of working.
Finally, the council offered him a pension of 600 francs and settled
the matter. He received one-third of his annuity in advance. He left
Monaco and settled across the border. He bought some land and
started market - gardening. He went to Monaco at the proper time to
draw his pension, gambled and lived peacefully.

Glossary
toy kingdom -DnPÉAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁædå
population - d£À ¸ÀASÉå
courtiers -D¸ÁܤPÀgÄÀ
bishop -zsÀªiÀ Áð¢üPÁj
army - ¸ÉÊ£Àå
tax- vÉjUÉ
special revenue-«±ÉõÀ DzÁAiÀÄ
gaming house - dÆdÄ PÉÃAzÀæ
strange incident -«avÀæ WÀl£É
9
guillotine -V®n£ï (vÀ¯É PÀvÛj À ¸ÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀ)æ
consulted - ¸ÀªiÀ Á¯ÉÆÃZÀ£É
expensive - zÀĨÁj
death sentence - ªÀÄgÀt zÀAqÀ£É
life imprisonment - fêÁªÀ¢ü ²PÉë
imprisoned - §A¢ü
annual – ªÁ¶ðPÀ
prison charges – eÉÊ°£À ªÉZÀÑ
dismissed – PÉ®¸À¢AzÀ QvÀÄÛ ºÁPÀÄ
did not run away – Nr ºÉÆÃUÀ°®è
prince’s kitchen – AiÀÄĪÀgÁd£À CqÀÄUÉ ªÀÄ£É
character was ruined - ZÁjvÀæöå ºÁ¼ÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀ®ànÖzÉ
will turn their backs -¨É£ÄÀ ß vÉÆÃj¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ (ªÀåQÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀ£Ár¸À®Ä
¸ÀºÁ ¤gÁPÀj¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ)
pension - ¦AZÀtÂ
one-third annuity - ¦ZÀAtÂAiÀÄ°è ªÀÄÆgÀ£Éà MAzÀÄ ¨sÁUÀ
in advance – ªÀÄÄAUÀqÀ
settled across the border – UÀrAiÀiÁZÉUÉ ºÉÆÃV £É¯É ¤AvÀ
market-gardening – vÉÆÃlzÀ ¨É¼U É À¼À£ÀÄß ¨É¼z
É ÄÀ ªÀiÁgÁl ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
draw pension - ¦AZÀt ¥ÀqA É iÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ
gambled – dÆeÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ

Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence each

1. Name the ‘toy kingdom’.
Monaco.
2. Where is the kingdom of Monaco situated?
Near the borders of France and Italy on the Shore of
Mediterranean Sea.
3. Name the sea shore where Monaco is situated?
Mediterranean Sea.
4. What was the population of Monaco?
Seven Thousand.
5. How many men were there in the army of Monaco?

10
 Sixty Men.
6. Name the commodities which were taxed in Monaco?
Tobacco, wine, spirits and a poll-tax.
7. What was the special source of revenue?
Gaming House.
8. What did people play in gaming houses?
Roulette.
9. What did the king of Monaco consider a dirty business?
Gambling
10. What proverb does the writer mention to justify the dirty
business of gambling?
‘You can’t earn stone palaces by honest labour’.
11. What was the unusual crime committed in the kingdom of
Monaco?
A Murder.
12. What manner was the criminal condemned?
The criminal was condemned to have his head cut off as law
directed.
13. Who remained with a monopoly to run gaming house?
The Prince of Monaco.
14. What was the punishment sentenced on the murderer?
Death sentence.
15. What was death sentence changed into?
Imprisonment for life.
16. Name the machine used to cut off the criminal’s head?
Guillotine.
17. How much did the French and the Italian Government
charge for the machine and an executioner?
The FrenchGovernment charged 16000 francs and the Italian
Government charged 12000 francs.
18. Where did the criminal fetch his food from?
The Prince’s kitchen.
11
19. What was the amount fixed as pension to the prisoner?
600 francs.
20. How much did the criminal receive in advance?
One- third of his annuity.
21. What was the expense incurred to keep the criminal in
prison?
600 francs.
22. Who was a brother Monarch to Monaco?
The King of Italy.
23. Name the Republican Government?
The French Government.
24. What profession did the criminal begin after his release
from the prison?
Market-gardening.

3. On Children -Khalil Gibran

R°Ã¯ï V¨Áæ£ï «gÀavÀ ‘D£ïa®Øç£ï’ ¥ÀzÀåªÀÅ ªÀÄPÀ̼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¥ÉÆõÀPÀgÀ £ÀqÀÄ«£À ¸ÀA§AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß PÀÄjvÀÄ ºÉüÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ‘zÀ ¥Áæ¥m sÉ ï’
¸ÀAPÀ®£À¢AzÀ F ¥ÀzÀåªÀ£ÀÄß Dj¹PÉƼÀî¯ÁVzÉ. R°Ã¯ï V¨Áæ£ï£À
¥Àæ PÁgÀ fêÀ£Àª ÀÅ (¯ÉÊ ¥sï ) ªÀÄPÀ̼ À£ÀÄß vÀA zÉv Á¬ÄUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ
¥Àqz É ÄÀ PÉƼÀÄv
î zÛÀ .É CªÀgÄÀ vÀAzÉvÁ¬ÄUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ §AzÀAvÀºª À gÀ ÃÉ ºÉÆgÀvÄÀ ,
ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ CªÀgÀ ¸ÀévÛ® À è J£ÀÄߪÀÅzÀÄ PÀ«AiÀÄ C©ü¥ÁæAiÀÄ. ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ £Á¼ÉAiÀÄ
ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ°è §zÀÄPÀÄvÁÛg.É £Á¼ÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄ£ÉUÉ vÀAzÉvÁ¬ÄUÀ¼ÄÀ AiÀiÁªÀ PÁgÀtPÀÄÌ
¨sÃÉ n ¤ÃqÀ®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è. CªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä ¦æÃwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ,
DzÀg É CªÀgÀ D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£ ÉU À¼À£ÀÄß ¤ÃqÀ¯ÁUÀzÀÄ. PÀ«AiÀÄ ¥Àæ PÁgÀ,
vÀAzÉvÁ¬ÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄPÀ̼ÉA§ ¨ÁtUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß a«Ä丮 À Ä EgÀĪÀ ©®ÄèUÀ¼ÀÄ.
fêÀ£ÀªÀÅ /©®ÄèUÁgÀ£ÄÀ ¨ÁtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¦æÃw¸ÀĪÀAvÉ, ©®ÄèUÀ¼À£ÄÀ ß ¸ÀºÀ
¦æÃw¸ÀÄvÁÛ£A É zÀÄ PÀ« ºÉüÀÄvÁÛ£É.

Important points to remember :

 Children come ‘through’ but not ‘from’ parents.
 Children are the sons and daughters of life’s longing for itself.

12
 Parents can give their love to their children, but not their
thoughts.
 Children live in the house of tomorrow. Parents can never visit
it, even in their dreams.
 ‘Parents’ are the ‘bows’ from which ‘children’ as ‘living arrows’
are sent forth.
 The bows should bend in the archer’s hand for gladness.
 ‘God’ is the ‘archer’, ‘children’ are the ‘arrows’ and ‘parents’
are the ‘bows’.
 God loves both the arrows and bows equally.

Answer for 04/06 Marks Questions :

In this poem, the speaker advises the parents in bringing up
their children. He says our children are not our children. They are
God’s creation. They come through us but not from us. Though they
are with us they do not belong to us. Parents may give their love but
not their thoughts to children. Our children think differently. We may
try to be like our children. But, we should not force them to be like
us. Life always moves forward. The speaker compares ‘the parents’
to ‘bows’, ‘the children’ to ‘arrows’ and ‘the archer’ to ‘God’. The
archer loves both the bows and arrows. The archer bends the bows
to make his arrows move swift and far.

Glossary
in this poem-F ¥ÀzÀåzÀ°è
speaker- PÀ«/ªÀiÁvÀÄUÁgÀ
advises- ¸À®ºÉ ¤ÃqÀÄvÁÛ£É
in bringing up- ¥ÉÆö¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
God’s creation- zÉêÀgÀ ¸ÀȶÖ
come through us- £ÀªÀÄä ªÀÄÆ®PÀ
not from us- £À«ÄäAzÀ®è
with us- £ÀªÉÆäA¢UÉ
do not belong- ¸ÉÃgÀĪÀÅ¢®è
13
may give thoughts- D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£U É ¼
À À£ÄÀ ß ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ
think differently-«©ü£ÀߪÁV D¯ÉÆÃa¸ÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
may try-¥ÀAæ iÀÄw߸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ
to be- EgÀ®Ä
like our children-£ÀªÀÄä ªÀÄPÀ̼À ºÁUÉ
should not force- §®ªÀAvÀ ¥Àr¸À¨ÁgÀzÀÄ
like us- £ÀªÀÄäAvÉ
bows- ©®ÄèU¼ À ÄÀ
arrows - ¨ÁtUÀ¼ÀÄ
archer-©®ÄèUÁgÀ
bends- ¨ÁV¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ
swift and far- Që¥Àæ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀÆgÀ

Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each:

1. According to the speaker of ‘On Children’, The one who
loves both the arrows and the bows is…….
The archer.
2. According to the Prophet what may be given to the
children?
Love.
3. What does the phrase ‘living arrows’ refer to in ‘On
Children’?
Children.
4. Whom does the word ‘bows’ refer to in ‘On Children’?
Parents.
5. In ‘On Children’, you may give them your love but
not………………….
Your thoughts.
6. In ‘On Children’, God loves the arrow that flies as well as
the bow that is……………….
Stable.

14
7. What according to the speaker cannot parents visit in ‘On
Children’?
The house of tomorrow.
8. Who dwell in the house of tomorrow?
Children
9. Whom does God use as his instrument to send ‘living
arrows’?
Parents.
10. ‘Their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow’ refers
to………..
Children’s future.
11. Who asked the speaker in ‘On Children’ to speak of
Children?
A woman
12. What does not go backward according to the speaker in
‘On Children’?
Life
13. According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, life does not
go ................
backward
14. Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for ...........
gladness
15.The house of tomorrow in ‘On Children’ cannot be
visited even in ...............
dream

4. Everything I Need To Know I Learned In The Forest

-Vandana Shiva
F ¥À§
æ AzszÀ À PÀvÈÀ M§â ¥Àj¸Àgª À Á¢AiÀiÁVgÀÄvÁÛg.É F ¥À§
æ Azsz À °À è
CªÀgÄÀ fêÀgÁ²AiÀÄ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ v,É ¸ÁªÀAiÀĪÀ PÀȶ ºÁUÀÆ ¥Àj¸ÀgÀ ¸ÀAgÀPu
ëÀ AÉ iÀÄ
§UÉÎ ¥Àæw¥Á¢¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
Important points to remember:
Ecological Journey:
15
 Vandana Shiva’s ecological journey begins in the forests of the
Himalayas.
 Chipko - A non- violent response to the large scale
deforestation.
 Bachni Devi led resistance against her own husband.
 Forests produce profit, resin and timber.
Beyond Monocultures:
 Vandana Shiva’s book - ‘Monocultures of the mind’
 Navdanya Farm was started in 1994 in the Doon Valley
 Conservation and growth of 630 varieties of rice and 150
varieties of wheat.
 Practice and promote biodiversity intense form of farming.
 ‘Navdanya’-the movement for bio diversity conservation and
organic farming.
 100 community seed banks and 3000 rice varieties.
 Transition from fossil fuel and chemical based monocultures to
biodiverse ecological systems.
 Biodiversity has been Vandana’s teacher of abundance.

Rights of Nature on the Global Stage:

 We co-create and recognize nature’s agency and her rights.
 Ecuador has recognized the ‘rights of nature’ in its constitution.
 ‘Separatism’ is at the route of disharmony with nature and
violence against nature and people.
 ‘Apartheid’ means ‘separateness’ of humans from nature in
our minds and lives.

The Dead-Earth World View:

 Monocultures replaced diversity.
 Francis Bacon - called the ‘Father of Modern Science’.
 Carolyn Merchant - Philosopher and Historian.
 Shift of perspective of nature from living to non-living, leading
to capitalism.
16
What Nature Teaches:
 Multiple crises intensified by globalization.
 Earth University teaches earth democracy.
 Earth democracy is a shift from ‘anthropocentrism’ to ‘eco-
centrism’.
 Earth University is located at Navadanya .
 Two popular courses offered by Earth University - ‘The A to Z
of Organic Farming and Agro- Ecology’ and ‘Gandhi and
Globalization’.

The Poetry of the Forest:

 The Earth University is inspired by Rabindranath Tagore.
 Tagore’s essay is ‘Tapovan’.
 The peace of the forest has helped the intellectual evolution of
man.
 Unity in diversity is the basis of both ecological sustainability and
democracy.
 The forest teaches us union and compassion.
 Principle of equity- Enoughness.
 The end of consumerism and accumulation is the beginning of
the joy of living.

Answer for 04/06 Marks Questions:

Ecological Journey of Vandana Shiva
Vandana Shiva is an environmentalist. She advocates biodiversity,
organic farming and preservation of rights of nature. She developed
the love for nature through her father and mother in childhood. Her
involvement with nature began with Chipko movement. She spent
her vacation in pad yatras, she documented the deforestation and
the work of forest activists. She supported Bachni Devi and her
friends in their resistance against forest officials to cut trees.
Beyond Monocultures
Vandana Shiva, has described man’s failure to understand
biodiversity and its functions in her book “Monocultures Of The
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Mind”. She understood protection of biodiversity and organic
farming in our farms. So, she started “Navdanya Farm” in 1994 in
the Doon Valley. In Navadanya farm, demonstration and training
was given to save seeds from farmers’ fields. Today, they conserve
and grow 630 varieties of rice and 150 varieties of wheat. There
are more than 100 community seed banks across India . Biodiversity
is her teacher of abundance and freedom, of co-operation and mutual
giving.
The Dead - Earth World View
Man has separated himself from earth. Living earth was
transformed into dead matter to facilitate the industrial revolution.
‘Terra Nullius’ (empty land ) replaced ‘Terra Madre’(mother earth).
Father of modern science Francis Bacon gave importance to the
power of science and inventions to conquer nature. But philosopher
and Historian Carolyn Merchant has given importance to nature.
He has said that we cannot damage nature without damaging
ourselves.
The Poetry of the Forest.
The Earth University is inspired by Rabindranath Tagore.
Tagore started ‘Shantiniketan’ in West Bengal to take inspiration
from nature. In Tagore’s essay ‘Tapovan’, he writes that civilization
has its source in the forest. Man’s best ideas have come from
communion with tress and forests. Unity in diversity is the basis of
ecological sustainability and democracy. Forest is the source of
beauty and joy. Forest teaches us enoughness - a principle of equity.
The end of consumerism and accumulation is the beginning of the
joy of living.

Glossary
Ecological Journey of Vandana Shiva (ª
À AÀ zÀ£Á ²ªÀ CªÀgÀ ¥Àj¸ÀgÀ
¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ ¥ÀAiÀÄt)
environmentalist - ¥Àj¸Àgª
À Á¢
advocate - ¥Àæw¥Á¢¸ÀÄvÁÛ¼É
biodiversity - fêÀ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ
organic Farming - ¸ÁªÀAiÀĪÀ PÀȶ
preservation of rights - ºÀPÄÀ ÌU¼
À À ¸ÀAgÀPëu
À É
18
love for nature - ¥Àj¸Àgz À PÀ ÀÄjvÀÄ ¦æÃw
involvement With nature - ¥ÀPæ ÈÀ wAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¨ÉgA É iÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ
with Chipko Movement- a¥ÉÆÌà ZÀ¼ÄÀ ªÀ½AiÉÆA¢UÉ
vacation - gÀeÉ
deforestation – CgÀtå £Á±À
forest activists – CgÀtå ¸ÀAgÀPëu À AÉ iÀÄ ºÉÆÃgÁlUÁgÀgÄÀ
resistance - ¥Àwæ gÉÆÃzsÀ
against Forest officials – CgÀuÁå¢Pü ÁjUÀ¼À «gÀÄzÀÞ
Beyond Monocultures (KPÀ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌøwAiÀÄ DZÉUÉ)
has described – «ªÀj¸À¯ÁVzÉ
man’s failure – ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À À ªÉÊ¥s®
À å
to understand its functions – EzÀgÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼£ À ÄÀ ß CjAiÀÄ®Ä
protection of biodiversity – fêÀ ªÉÊ«zsåÀ zÀ ¸ÀAgÀPëu À É
demonstration - ¥Àz æ ±
À ð
À £À
training – vÀg¨
À ÃÉ w
seeds- ©vÀÛ£É ©ÃdUÀ¼ÀÄ
conserve - ¸ÀAgÀPëu À É
community seed banks - ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÁAiÀÄ ©vÀÛ£É ©Ãd ¨ÁåAPÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ
teacher of abundance and freedom - ¸ÀªÀÄÈ¢Þ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁévA À vÀöæ åzÀ UÀÄgÀÄ
The Dead Earth World View (¤fÃðªÀ ¨sÆ À «ÄAiÀÄ £ÉÆÃl)
living earth - ¸ÀfêÀ ¨sÆ À «Ä
was transformed - §zÀ¯ÁªÀuU É Æ
É ArvÀÄ
into dead matter - ¤fÃðªÀ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛ«UÉ
to facilitate - ¸ÀÄUÀªÄÀ UÉƽ¸À®Ä
industrial revolution – PÉÊUÁjPÁ PÁæAw
empty land - ¤fÃðªÀ / SÁ° ¨sÆ À «Ä
mother earth - ¨sÆ À «ÄvÁ¬Ä
father of modern science – DzsÄÀ ¤PÀ «eÁÕ£z À À ¦vÁªÀĺÀ
power of science and inventions – «eÁÕ£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C£ÉéõÀuU É ¼
À À ±ÀQÛ
to conquer nature - ¥ÀæPÈÀ wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß UÉ®è®Ä
philosopher and historian – vÀvée À ÁÕ¤ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EwºÁ¸ÀPÁgÀ
cannot damage - £Á±ÀUÉÊAiÀÄ®Ä ¸ÁzsåÀ «®è
without damaging ourselves - £ÀªÄÀ ä£ÄÀ ß £ÁªÀÅ £Á±ÀªiÀ ÁrPÉƼÀîzÉ

19
The Poetry of the Forest (PÁr£ÀPÁªÀå)
is inspired - ¥ÉÃæ gÀuÉ ¥Àq¢
É zÉ
inspiration from nature - ¥ÀPæ ÈÀ w¬ÄAzÀ ¥ÉÃæ jvÀ
essay - ¥Àæ§AzsÀ
civilization rights - £ÁUÀjÃPÀvA É iÀÄ ºÀPÄÀ ÌU¼
À ÄÀ
has its source in the forest – PÁr£À°è vÀ£ßÀ ªÀÄÆ®ªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ
man’s best ideas – ªÀiÁ£Àª£ À ÀCvÀÄåvÀÛªÄÀ D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£ÉU¼
À ÄÀ
have come from communionwith trees and forests – ªÀÄgÀU¼ À ÄÀ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁqÀÄUÀ¼À ¸ÀºÀ¸ÀA§Azsz À À°è ªÀÄÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ
unity in diversity – C£ÉÃPÀvAÉ iÀÄ°è KPÀvÉ
ecological sustainability – eÉÊ«PÀ ¸ÀĹÜgv À É
source of beauty - ¸ËAzÀAiÀÄðzÀ ªÀÄÆ®
joy teaches enoughness - ¸ÀAvÀ¸ª À ÀÅ ¸ÀAvÀȦÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ°¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ
principle of equity - ¸ÀªiÀ Á£ÀvAÉ iÀÄ vÀvéÀ
end of consumerism and accumulation - PÉƼÀĨ î ÁPÀv£
À À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¸ÀAUÀæºÀ §Ä¢ÞAiÀÄ CAvÀå
Answer the following in a word, a phrase or a sentence:
1. Where according to Vandana Shiva did her ecological
journey start?
In the forests of the Himalaya.
2. Who according to Vandana Shiva composed songs and
poems about trees and forests?
Her Mother.
3. What according to the women is the real value of forest as
mentioned by Vandana Shiva?
Springs and streams, food for their cattle and fuel for their hearths
4. What surprised Vandana Shiva when she went to swim in
her favourite stream?
Forests were gone and the stream was reduced to a trickle.
5. Name the woman who led resistance against her own
husband according to Vandana Shiva.
Bachni Devi

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6. Mention any one of the things produced by forests according
to the forester.
They produce profit and resin and timber.
7. Mention any one of the things that forests bear according
to the women.
Soil/water/pure air
8. Name the author of ‘Monocultures of the Mind’ mentioned
Vandana Shiva
9. When was Navdanya Farm started according to Vandana
Shiva?
In 1994
10. Where was Navdanya Farm stated by vandana Shiva?
In the DoonValley,Himalaya.
11. What is the only answer to the food and nutrition crisis in
India?
The conservation of biodiversity
12. Who has been her teacher of abundance and freedom, of
co-operation and mutual giving ?
Biodiversity
13. What has Ecuador ?
The Rights of Nature
14. What did the UN General Assembly organize in April 2011?
A conference on harmony with nature as part of Earth
Day celebrations.
15. What have human beings failed to recognize about nature?
That Human beings are an inseparable part of nature and that we
cannot damage it without severely damaging ourselves
16. Name the country that has initiated the universal declaration
of rights of Mother Earth .
Bolivia
17. According to the prominent South African Environmentalist
Cormac Cullinan, apartheid means
Separateness
21
18. What has replaced biodiversity according to Dr. Vandana
Shiva?
Monocultures
19. Mention any one of the things that has replaced vibrant
earth ?
‘Raw materials’/ ‘dead matter’
20. What according to Vandana Shiva is ‘Terra Madre’?
Mother Earth
21. What dose Vandana Shiva term the empty land ready for
occupation?
Terra Nullius
22. Whom does Vandana Shiva refere to as Father of Modren
Science?
Francis Bacon
23. Where is the Earth university started by Vandana Shiva
located?
At Navdanya, Doon Valley
24. What does the Earth University teach ?
Earth Democracy
25. Name any one of the popular courses offered by Vandana
Shiva’s Earth University.
‘The A-Z of Organic Farming and Agro-ecology” and “Gandhi
And Globalization”
26. By Whom is the Earth university started by Vandana Shiva
inspired ?
Rabindranath Tagore
27. Name the learning centre started by Tagore.
Shantiniketan in West Bengal
28. When according to Vandana Shiva did the war against the
earth begin?
When the living earth was transformed into dead matter.
29. Who is the author of ‘Tapovan’ ?
Rabindranath Tagore
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