NIKOLAI D.

CABRERA APRIL 20,2023

BSIT 1C
RESEARCH WORK #1
FINALS

1.WHAT IS RELATION?
Relation is a mathematical concept that describes the connection or association
between two or more elements. It is a set of ordered pairs where the first element is
taken from the first set and the second element is taken from the second set. Relations
are commonly used in algebra, geometry, and other branches of mathematics to
represent various concepts and relationships.

2.WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF RELATION? DEFINE EACH AND GIVE

EXAMPLES.
The properties of relations are:
Reflexive: A relation is reflexive if each element is related to itself. For example, the
relation "is equal to" is reflexive since every element is equal to itself.
Symmetric: A relation is symmetric if the order of the elements in the pair does not
matter. In other words, if (a, b) is in the relation, then (b, a) is also in the relation. For
example, the relation "is a sibling of" is symmetric.
Transitive: A relation is transitive if, for any three elements a, b, and c, if (a, b) and (b, c)
are in the relation, then (a, c) is also in the relation. For example, the relation "is an
ancestor of" is transitive.

3.WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
Function is a mathematical concept that describes the relationship between two sets of
elements, where each element in the first set (called the domain) is associated with
exactly one element in the second set (called the range). In other words, a function
assigns each input from the domain to a unique output in the range. Functions are used
to model many real-world phenomena, such as population growth, interest rates, and
temperature changes.

4.WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF FUNCTIONS? DEFINE EACH AND GIVE EXAMPLES.
The types of functions are:
One-to-one function: A function is one-to-one if each element in the domain is
associated with a unique element in the range. In other words, no two elements in the
domain are associated with the same element in the range. For example, the function
f(x) = 2x is one-to-one.
Onto function: A function is onto (or surjective) if every element in the range is
associated with at least one element in the domain. In other words, the range of the
function is equal to its codomain. For example, the function f(x) = x^2 is not onto if its
domain is restricted to negative numbers, but it is onto if its domain is extended to
include non-negative numbers.
Bijective function: A function is bijective if it is both one-to-one and onto. In other words,
each element in the domain is associated with a unique element in the range, and every
element in the range is associated with exactly one element in the domain. For
example, the function f(x) = 3x - 1 is bijective.

References:
Rosen, K. H. (2018). Discrete mathematics and its applications (8th ed.). New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education.
Lay, D. C., Lay, S. R., & McDonald, J. A. (2016). Linear algebra and its applications (5th
ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson