4. Prasanna Kumar ,Thermodynamics, First Edition, Pearson Publications.

5. R.K. Rajput, S.Chand& Co., Thermal Engineering, 6/e, Laxmi publications, 2010
e- Resources & other digital material:

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105266/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103/103/103103144/
3. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105220/

4. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/101/104/101104067/

5. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/101/104/101104063/

6. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/103/104/103104151/

Data books to be allowed in examinations:

1. S.C. Jain, Steam Tables, Birla Publications Pvt. Ltd – 2011

2. R.S. Khurmi& N. Khurmi, Steam Tables, S.Chand Publications – 2014

MICRO-SYLLABUS:

II B.Tech I Semester

Unit-1:

Basic Concepts and Definitions: Macroscopic and Microscopic viewpoints, Thermodynamic

System, Surrounding, Boundary, Universe, Control Volume, Control Surface, Classes of Systems,
State, Thermodynamic Properties, Process and Cycles, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Reversibility,
Quasi static Process, Concept of Continuum, Specific heat at constant volume, Enthalpy, Specific
heat at constant pressure.

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: Concept of Temperature, Measurement of temperature, Scales of

Temperature, Constant Volume Gas Thermometer, Advantages of gas thermometers over liquid
thermometers.

Work and Heat Transfer: Work transfer, P-dv work, Path and Point Functions, P-dv work in
various Quasi-Static Processes, Types of Work Transfer, Free expansion with zero work transfer,
Heat Transfer-a path function, specific heat and Latent heat-simple problems on work transfer.
pg. 166


 Unit Module Micro content

General structure of matter
Macroscopic and
M i c r o s c o p i c Events occurring at molecular level
viewpoints
Concept of Continuum
System, Surrounding, Boundary, Universe,
Thermodynamic
System, types and its Control Volume, Control Surface,
vocabulary
1a. Basic Concepts Classes of Systems, State
and Definitions Description of State of Thermodynamic Properties, Process and Cycles,
the System, System Thermodynamic Equilibrium
undergone by Process
and Cycle. Reversibility, Quasi static Process

Concept of specific Specific heat at constant volume

heats under various
process. Enthalpy, Specific heat at constant pressure

Scales of Temperature
Concept of
1b.Zeroth Law of
Temperature, scales Constant Volume Gas Thermometer and
Thermodynamics advantages of gas thermometers over liquid
and its measurement
thermometer.
Path and Point Functions ,Constant Volume,
Concept of Work in pressure, temperature, entropy, Polytropic Process
various process, its and types of work transfer.
1c. Work and Heat types
transfer Free expansion with zero work transfer

Concept of heat
Heat , sensible and latent heat
transfer
Unit-2:

First Law of Thermodynamics: First law for a closed system undergoing a cycle(Joule’s
experiment) and a change of state, Energy- a property of the system, Energy in Stored and in
Transition, Different forms of stored energy, limitations of the first law, PMM I.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Control Volume: Conservation of Energy Principle-Flow work, The

Steady Flow Process-Steady Flow Energy Equation, Steady Flow Engineering Devices-Nozzles,
Diffuser, Turbine, Throttling Valves and Heat Exchangers.

pg. 167


 Unit Module Micro content

Joule’s experiment
First law for closed system
First law for a closed
First law for various process
2. a
system.
First Law of Limitations of First Law
Thermodynamics PMM1
Energy- a property of a system
Concept of Energy Stored energy and types
Transition energy and types
Conservation of Energy Principle,Flow work
2.b Thermodynamic
First law for a open Steady Flow process, Steady Flow Energy
Analysis of Control
system
Volume S.F.E. equation for Nozzles, Diffuser, Turbine,
Throttling Valves and Heat Exchangers.
Unit-3:

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Introduction, Thermal Energy, Reservoirs, Heat Engines,

Refrigerators, Heat Pumps, Kelvin-Planck & Clausius Statements of Second law of
Thermodynamics, Equivalence of Kelvin-Plank and Clausius Statements, PMM II, Differences
between reversible and Irreversible Process, Carnot Cycle and its specialties, Carnot Theorem,
Corollary of Carnot’s theorem, Thermodynamic scale of Temperature.

Entropy: Clausius Inequality, Entropy - Principle of Entropy Increase, Entropy Change for Ideal
gases, Availability and Irreversibility(only definitions), Elementary Treatment of the Third Law of
Thermodynamics.
Unit Module Micro content
Thermal Energy
Energy source and sink
Reservoirs
Kelvin-Planck & Clausius Statements
Heat engine – line diagram
Heat Pump – line diagram
Second law of
3.a Refrigerator – line diagram
Thermodynamics
Second Law of
pg. 168


 Thermodynamics
Second Law of Equivalence of Kelvin-Plank and Clausius
Thermodynamics Statements
PMM II

Carnot Cycle and its specialties,

Carnot Cycle Carnot Theorem, Corollary of Carnot’s theorem

Thermodynamic scale of Temperature.

Entropy and its introduction

Clausius Inequality

3.b Entropy - Principle of Entropy Increase

Entropy
Entropy Entropy - Change for Ideal gases
Elementary Treatment of the Third Law of
Thermodynamics
Concepts of available
Availability and Irreversibility
energy

Unit-4:

Properties of Pure Substances: Pure Substances, Phases of Pure Substance, Properties of steam, p-
v, p-T, T-s and h-s diagrams, P-V-T- surfaces, Dryness Fraction, Steam tables, Measurement of
Steam Quality.

Perfect Gas Laws: Avogadro’s law, Equation of State of a ideal gas, specific heats, Internal energy
and Enthalpy of an ideal gas, Reversible Adiabatic Process, Reversible Isothermal process,
Polytropic Process, entropy change of an ideal gas, Deviations from perfect Gas Model,
Compressibility factor, Van der walls Equation of state, Compressibility charts.
Unit Module Micro content
Pure Substances and its Phases
p-v, p-T, T-s and h-s diagrams
4a. Properties of
Pure substance Properties of steam
Pure Substances
Dryness fraction, Measurement of Steam
Quality and Steam tables.
Avogadro’s law

pg. 169


 Equation of State of a ideal gas

Properties of ideal gas
specific heats, Internal energy and Enthalpy of
4b.Perfect Gas Laws an ideal gas
Compressibility factor
Deviations from perfect
Vander walls Equation of state
Gas Model
Compressibility charts
Unit-5:

Mixtures of Perfect Gases: Composition of a gas mixture: Mass and Mole Fraction, Gravimetric
and volumetric Analysis, Dalton’s Law of partial pressure, Amagat`s Laws of additive volumes,
Equivalent Gas constant and molecular Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Specific heats and Entropy of
mixture of perfect Gases.

Psychrometry:Atmospheric air -Psychrometric Properties – Dry bulb Temperature, Wet Bulb

Temperature, Dew point Temperature, Thermodynamic Wet Bulb Temperature, Specific Humidity,
Relative Humidity, Saturated Air, Vapour pressure, Degree of saturation – Adiabatic Saturation ,
Carrier’s Equation – Psychrometric chart.
Unit Module Micro content
Mass and Mole Fraction
Gravimetric and volumetric Analysis
5. a Dalton’s Law of partial pressure
Composition of a gas
Mixtures of Perfect mixture Amagat`s Laws of additive volumes
Gases
Equivalent Gas constant and molecular Internal
Energy, Enthalpy, Specific heats and Entropy of
mixture of perfect Gases
DBT, WBT,DPT,TWBT, Specific humidity,
relative humidity,Saturated Air
5. b Properties of Atmospheric Vapour pressure, Degree of saturation –
Air Adiabatic Saturation
Psychrometry
Carrier’s Equation
Psychrometric chart.

*****

pg. 170