Laplace Transform

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Engineering Schematic

Electro-Mechanical Model

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Block Diagram of a Control System

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 Laplace Transform

• A system represented with a differential equation is difficult to

model as a block diagram.
• With Laplace we can represent the input, output and system as
separate entities.
• Further, their interrelations are simply algebraic.

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 Laplace Transform and Inverse Laplace Transform

Where s is a complex variable

L
Time Domain -1 Complex Domain (Frequency Domain)
L

The principle of Causality applies to all the systems we consider

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 Causality
impulse function
• The principle of Causality applies 𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 ≠ 𝟎
𝜹 𝒕 =ቊ
to all the systems we consider 𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕 = 𝟎

• No negative time

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Decaying Exponential

𝒇 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝒆−𝟎.𝟒𝟓𝟖𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)

𝟏
𝑭 𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟓
𝒔 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟖
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Laplace Transform Table
𝒇(𝒕) 𝑭(𝒔)
Impulse: 𝜹(𝒕) 1
𝟏
Step: 𝒖(𝒕)
𝒔
𝟏
𝒆−𝜶 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)
𝒔+𝜶
𝟏
Ramp: 𝒕
𝒔𝟐
𝟏
𝒆−𝜶 𝒕 × 𝒕
(𝒔 + 𝜶)𝟐
𝒏!
𝒕𝒏
𝒔 𝒏+𝟏
𝒔
𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝝎 𝒕)
𝒔𝟐 + 𝝎𝟐
𝝎
𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎 𝒕)
𝒔𝟐 + 𝝎𝟐
𝒔+𝜶
𝒆−𝜶 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝝎 𝒕)
(𝒔 + 𝜶)𝟐 +𝝎𝟐
𝝎
𝒆−𝜶 𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝝎 𝒕)
(𝒔 + 𝜶)𝟐 +𝝎𝟐

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 Laplace
Transform
Table

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Laplace Transform Table

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Laplace Transform Theorems

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Laplace Transform Theorems

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Laplace Transform

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Inverse Laplace T. via Partial Fraction Expansion

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Inverse Laplace Transform

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 Inverse Laplace Transform
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒎 > 𝒏 → 𝑫𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒃𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.

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Inverse Laplace Transform

Sum of squares

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Decaying Sinusoidal = Damped Sine Wave

𝒚 𝒕 = 𝒆−𝒂𝒕 . 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒕 . 𝒖(𝒕)

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We used these 2 theorems:

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