GROUP 1

ROQUERO
LEDESMA
 LAPLACE
TRANSFORM Definition:

• The Laplace Transform is a

linear operator that switched a
function 𝒇(𝒕) → 𝑭(𝒔) .
• Specifically:
∞ −𝑠𝑡
• 𝐹 𝑆 =ℒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 0
𝑒 f t dt
 LAPLACE 3

The French Newton Pierre-Simon

TRANSFORM Laplace

• Developed mathematics in astronomy, physics,

and statistics.
• Began work in calculus which led to the Laplace
Transform
• Later focuses on celestial mechanics
• One of the first scientists to suggest the existence
of black holes.
• Euler began looking at integrals as solutions to
differential equations in the mid 1700’s:
𝒙 HISTORY OF THE
𝒛= 𝑿 𝒙 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒛 𝒙; 𝒂 =
𝟎
𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝑿 𝒕 𝒅𝒕,
TRANSFORM
• Lagrange took this a step further while working on
probability density functions and looked at forms of
the following equations:

𝑿 𝒙 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙,

• Finally, in 1785, Laplace began using a

transformations to solve equation of infinite
differences which eventually lead to the current
transform:
𝑺 = 𝑨𝒚𝒔 + 𝑩∆𝒚𝒔 + 𝑪∆𝟐 𝒚𝒔 + ⋯ ,

𝒀𝒔 = 𝒆−𝒔𝒙 ∅ 𝒙 𝒅𝒙,
Laplace Transform
Theory
Laplace Transform 6

Theory
 The System Functions
• We know that the output y(t) of a continuous-time linear time-invariant
LTI) system equals the convolution of the input x (t) with the impulse
response h(t); that is,
𝑦 𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 ∗ ℎ(𝑡)
• For Laplace:
𝑌 𝑠 =𝑋 𝑠 𝐻 𝑠
𝑌(𝑠)
𝐻 𝑠 =
𝑋(𝑠)
 IMPORTANCE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM
IN CONTROL SYSTEM
• Breaking down complex differential equations into simpler polynomial
forms.
• Laplace transform gives information about steady as well as transient
states.
• In machine learning, the Laplace transform is used for making
predictions and making analysis in data mining.
• Laplace transform simplifies calculations in system modeling.
 IMPORTANCE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM
IN CONTROL SYSTEM
• The transfer function is the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output
to that of the input, both taken with zero initial conditions.
Because the Laplace transform is a linear operator, each term can be
transformed separately. With a zero initial condition the value of y is
zero at the initial time or y(0)=0. Putting these terms together gives the
first-order differential equation in the Laplace domain.
 APPLICATION OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM

• Breaking down complex differential equations into simpler polynomial

forms.
• Laplace transform gives information about steady as well as transient
states.
• In machine learning, the Laplace transform is used for making
predictions and making analysis in data mining.
• Laplace transform simplifies calculations in system modeling
 APPLICATION OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM
IN CONTROL SYSTEM
• Control systems are usually designed to control the behavior of other
devices. Example of control systems can range from a simple home
heating controller to an industrial control system regulates the
behavior of machinery.
• Generally, control engineers use differential equations to describe
the behavior of various closed loop functional blocks. Laplace
transform is used here for solving these equations without the loss
of crucial variable information.
 ADVANTAGE OF LAPLACE TRASNSFORM

• The advantage of using the Laplace transform is that it

converts an ODE into an algebraic equation of the same
order that is simpler to solve, even though it is a function of
a complex variable.
 DISADVANTAGE OF LAPLACE
TRASNSFORM
• Laplace transforms can only be used to solve complex
differential equations and like all great methods, it does
have a disadvantage, which may not seem so big. That is,
you can only use this method to solve differential equations
WITH known constants. If you do have an equation without
the known constants, then this method is useless and you
will have to find another method.
REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/Himel_Himo/presentation-on-
laplace-transforms

https://www.electrical4u.com/laplace-transformation/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/978111907344
4.ch7#:~:text=The%20advantage%20of%20using%20the,fun
ction%20of%20a%20complex%20variable.