Instrumentation & Control

Lecture 4
Laplace Transform Review

Instructor: Dr. Waqar Ahmed

Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila
waqaraq@gmail.com
Physical Significance of Laplace Transform
• Like Fourier Transform, it converts a signal from time domain to
frequency domain
• A signal as a function of ‘t’ is time domain and that in ‘s’ is in
frequency domain
• Convolution (the process to study how a signal will behave with a
particular transfer function with respect to an input) is quite
complicated but using Laplace Transform it is simply multiplication of
the signals in frequency ‘s’ domain
• It converts non-linear differential equations into linear forms
Physical Significance of Laplace Transform
• It turns integral and differential equations into polynomials thus
making it easy to solve
• Differentiation and integration become multiplication and division by
‘s’
• In control systems, it is used to ease the solution of differential
equations modeling the behavior of the system
Typical Working of Laplace Transform

Differential Equation

Laplace Transformation
𝒃
Algebraic Equation ( 𝒔+ 𝒂 ) 𝒀 ( 𝒔 ) =
𝒔
Solving
Solution 𝒀 ( 𝒔 )=
[
𝒃 𝟏
𝒂 𝒔
−
𝟏
𝒔+ 𝒂 ]
Inverse Laplace Transform
𝒃
Solution in Time Domain 𝒚 ( 𝒕 )= ( 𝟏 − 𝒆 − 𝒂𝒕 )
𝒂
Definition of Laplace Transform
• The Laplace Transform of the signal is

Where,
Integration by Parts Rule
Laplace Transform for Ramp Function
• If , find its Laplace Transform
 Quiz
Click the Quiz button to edit this object
Laplace Transform for Ramp Function

( )
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
• If , find its Laplace Transform
∫ 𝑢𝑣 𝑑𝑥=𝑢∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥−∫ 𝑢 ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′

𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Laplace Transform of Quadratic Function

( )
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
• If , find its Laplace Transform
∫ 𝑢𝑣𝑑𝑥=𝑢∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥−∫ 𝑢 ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′

𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Laplace Transform of Exponential
• Find the Laplace Transform of
Quiz
Laplace Transform of Sinusoids
• Find the Laplace Transform of
• Remember that

• Also remember from previous slide,

• Therefore,
Laplace Transform of Sinusoids
• Find the Laplace Transform of in the class
• Please remember that
Laplace Transform of Impulse Functions
Impulse occurs for infinitesimally short amount of time,
Properties of Laplace Transform
• Delay Find Laplace Transform of
Let

But
Properties of Laplace Transform
• Time-scale Find Laplace Transform of

Let , and ,
 𝑏 𝑏

Properties of Laplace Transform ∫ 𝑢 𝑣 ′ 𝑑𝑥=[ 𝑢𝑣 ] −∫ 𝑢′ 𝑣𝑑𝑥

𝑎
𝑏
𝑎 𝑎

• Differentiation Find Laplace Transform of

Applications of Derivations so far
• Find Laplace Transform of
• Find Laplace Transform of
• Find Laplace Transform of