The Differentiation Rules

Objectives:
1.) Illustrate different differentiation rules ;
2.) Apply differentiation rules in computing the derivative of an
algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric functions and
inverse trigonometric functions
How do we find derivatives?

(a)𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒
RULE 1 𝒅
(𝒄) = 𝟎
The Constant Rule 𝒅𝒙

• The graph of a constant • 𝒇 𝒙 =𝟑

function is a horizontal line and 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟎
a horizontal line has zero slope.
• The derivative measures the • 𝒈 𝒙 =− 𝟕
slope of the tangent, and so the 𝒈′(𝒙) = 𝟎
derivative is zero.
• 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟓𝝅
If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒄, where c is 𝒉′(𝒙) = 𝟎
constant, then 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝟎
RULE 2
The Power Rule • 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟑
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐

𝟏
𝒏
If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 , • 𝒈 𝒙 = = 𝒙−𝟐
𝒙𝟐
then 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 ′
𝒈 𝒙 = −𝟐𝒙 −𝟑
=
−𝟐
𝒙𝟑

𝟏
𝒅 𝒏 • 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝒙=𝒙 𝟐
(𝒙 ) = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 (𝟏−𝟏) 𝟏 −
𝟏
𝒉′ 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒉′ 𝒙 =
𝟐 𝒙
RULE 3
𝟑
The Constant Multiple Rule • 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙 𝟒
𝟑
𝟑 ( −𝟏)
𝒉′ 𝒙 = 𝟓 ∙ 𝒙 𝟒
𝟒
If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌 𝒉(𝒙), 𝟏𝟓 −𝟏
𝒉′ 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝟒
where k is a constant 𝟒
then 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒌𝒉′(𝒙).

𝒅
𝒌 𝒉(𝒙) = 𝒌𝒉′(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
RULE 4
The Sum Rule • 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑
𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐

𝟑
If 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒈 𝒙 + 𝒉(𝒙), • 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟕
where k is a constant ′ 𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟎 = 𝟑𝒙 𝟐
then 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒈′ 𝒙 + 𝒉′(𝒙).
RULE 5
The Product Rule 𝒇 𝒙 = (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙)

If f and g are differentiable

functions, then
𝑫𝒙[𝒇 𝒙 𝒈 𝒙 ] = 𝒇 𝒙 𝒈′ 𝒙 +
𝒈 𝒙 𝒇′(𝒙).

𝒅 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒖
𝒖𝒗 = 𝒖 +𝒗
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
RULE 6
The Quotient Rule 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝒙 +𝟒
If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable
functions with g(x)≠ 0. Then:

𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒗
𝒅 𝒖 𝒗 −𝒖
= 𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒗 𝒗
RULE 7 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
RULE 7 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
RULE 7 Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
RULE 7 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
RULE 7 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

Remark:
(a) Whenever Rule 7 is applied to problems where the
trigonometric functions are viewed as functions of angles,
the unit measure must be in radians.
(b) Every trigonometric function is differentiable on its
domain. In particular, the sine and cosine functions are
everywhere differentiable.
RULE 8 Derivatives of Exponential Functions
RULE 8 Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
RULE 8 Derivatives of Exponential Functions
RULE 8 Derivatives of Exponential Functions
EXERCISES Find the derivatives of the function:

1
4
2
3 5
6
7
7 f(x)= 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥
8 f(x)= tan 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
9 f(x)= (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) (cos 𝑥)
ACTIVITY Match the functions with its derivatives.
ACTIVITY 𝒅𝒚
Find the of the following functions:
𝒅𝒙
NEXT LESSON

• Extreme Value Theorem

• Chain Rule
• Implicit Differentiation