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p§œf¡a O−V f−ll c¤C cn−L a¡ EvL−oÑl Qlj p£j¡u −fy±R¡uz Q¢õ−nl cn−L
ü¡d£ea¡l hvpl A−e−Ll j−a h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl phÑ−nËù B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p
a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll EfLb¡' fËL¡¢na quz Hlf−lJ h¡wm¡
p¡¢q−aÉl hý KfeÉ¡¢pL j§m Sepj¡S −b−L ¢h¢µRæ −L¡−e¡ A’−ml B’¢mL
fVi¨¢jL¡u EfeÉ¡p lQe¡u BNËq£ qez g−m ¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑJ h¡wm¡
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fË¡L«¢aL °h¢nøÉk¤š² A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l A¢dh¡p£−cl S£heQkÑ¡l ¢hhlZ h¡wm¡
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e¡l¡uZ N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡−ul j−a¡ ¢hn na−Ll fËbj¡−dÑl KfeÉ¡¢pLl¡ A’m ¢eiÑl
EfeÉ¡p lQe¡ L−l−Re, Afl¢c−L A°àa jõhjÑZ, pj−ln hp¤¤, fËg¥õ l¡u,
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…Zju j¡æ¡, −c−hn l¡u fËj¤M ea¥e ea¥e KfeÉ¡¢pLJ j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ
Ah¢ÙÛa q−uJ e¡e¡ L¡l−Z ¢h¢µRæ −L¡−e¡ A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l B’¢mL
fVi¨¢jL¡u EfeÉ¡p lQe¡u fËu¡p£ q−u−Rez ¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑ A’m
S£he−L ¢i¢š L−l −k pLm EfeÉ¡p l¢Qa q−u−R −p…¢m qm -- a¡l¡nˆl
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' (1951 ¢MËx), "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' (1953
¢MËx) e¡l¡uZ N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "m¡mj¡¢V' (1951 ¢MËx), "jq¡e¾c¡' (1951 ¢Mx),
j−e¡S hp¤¤l "SmS‰m' (1951 ¢MËx), "he −L−V hpa' (1961 ¢MËx), A°àa
jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' (1363 h‰¡ë), pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡'
(1957 ¢MËx) J "h¡b¡e' (1985 ¢MËx), fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' (1957 ¢MËx),
"¢på¥f¡−ll f¡¢M' (1959 ¢MËx) "−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' (fËbj fhÑ -1969 ¢Mx,
¢àa£u fhÑ 1970 ¢MËx), A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡−ll "Ns nË£M™' (1957 ¢MËx),

301
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"na¢Lu¡' (1958 ¢MËx), Aj−l¾cÊ e¡b −O¡−ol "QlL¡−nj' (1959 ¢MËx), n¢š²fc
l¡S…l¦l "ah¤ ¢hq‰' (1960 ¢MËx), lj¡fc −Q±d¤l£l "hefm¡n£l fc¡hm£'
(1962 ¢MËx), jq¡−nÄa¡ −ch£l "L¢h h−¾cÉ¡O¢V N¡¢Ul S£he J jªaÉ¥' (1966
¢MËx), "Al−ZÉl A¢dL¡l' (1977 ¢MËx), "Af¡−lne hp¡C V¥X¥' (1978 ¢MËx),
"−Q¡¢– j¤ä¡ Hhw ay¡l a£l' (1980 ¢MËx), "−V−l¡XÉ¡L¢Vm, f§lZ pq¡u J ¢flb¡'
(1990 ¢MËx), "hÉ¡dM™' (1997 ¢MËx), °puc j¤Ù¹¡g¡ ¢pl¡−Sl "a«Zi¨¢j' (1970
¢MËx), Aa£e h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e£mL˜ f¡¢Ml −My¡−S' (1971 ¢MËx), …Zju j¡æ¡l
"n¡mhe£' J "j¤−V' (1978 ¢MËx), A¢i¢Sv −p−el "lý Q™¡−ml q¡s' (1985
¢MËx), −c−hn l¡−ul "¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹' (1988 ¢MËx), afe h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul
"jýmhe£l −p−lU' (1995 ¢MËx), iN£lb ¢j−nËl "Q¡lZi¨¢j' (1994 ¢MËx)
fËi«¢az HC AdÉ¡−u HC EfeÉ¡p…¢ml B’¢mLa¡l fËL«¢a ¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡ L−l
B’¢mLa¡l ül©f J mrZ…¢m My¥−S −hl Ll¡l −Qø¡ Ll¡ q−u−Rz H…¢ml j−dÉ
pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep' EfeÉ¡−pl ¢àa£u M™¢V ¢hn na−Ll
¢àa£u¡−dÑ fËL¡¢na q−mJ Hl B−m¡Qe¡ f§hÑhaÑ£ AdÉ¡−u "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep'
EfeÉ¡−pl fËbj M™¢Vl p−‰C Ll¡ q−u−Rz a¡C HC AdÉ¡−u h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl
B’¢mLa¡ ¢ho−ul B−m¡Qe¡ e¡l¡uZ N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "m¡mj¡¢V' EfeÉ¡p ¢c−u
öl¦ Ll¡ qmz
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EfeÉ¡¢Vl −n−o HC A’m¢Vl fËn¢Ù¹ L−l ¢a¢e h−m−Re --
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1
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Bl EfeÉ¡p¢Vl öl¦−a "Lb¡j¤M' Aw−n KfeÉ¡¢pL HC A’m¢Vl fË¡Q£e
I¢a−qÉl p−‰ Bj¡−cl f¢lQu L¢l−u−Rez Lb¡ fËp−‰ ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u−Re --
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−p¢ce piÉa¡l B−m¡u Eá¡¢pa HC m¡mj¡¢V -- h−l¾cÊi¨¢jz HL¢c−L kMe
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Q¢lœJ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B−Rz HM¡−e Nªq£a A’m¢Vl j¡e¤oS−el BQ¡l-
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h¡¢q−ll fVi¨¢jL¡ A¿¹l −fËlZ¡l ¢hØj«afË¡u j§m Evpl©−f B¢hiÑa
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EfÙÛ¡¢faz H fËp−‰ KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""e¡jSf Bl e¡jL£aÑe
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Se¡mu −b−L ¢h¢µRæ, he¢h¢h J h¡−Ol pJu¡l N¡¢S-L¡m¤l l¡SÉ lqpÉju
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f§S¡ quz HC Efm−r L¥¢Ù¹-jõk¤−Ül fË¢a−k¡¢Na¡l B−u¡Se Ll¡ quz HClLj
HL jõk¤−Ül Bp−l −La¥Ql−Zl p−‰ Bj¡−cl f¢lQu quz −p qm I A’−ml
n¢š²j¡e jõ−k¡Ü¡z a−h ay¡l ÙÛ¡u£ −L¡−e¡ ¢WL¡e¡ −eCz EfeÉ¡−p B−u¡¢Sa
jõk¤−Ül fË¢a−k¡¢Na¡¢V −p-C ¢S−az Hlf−lC H−m¡−Ln£ a¡l ¢fR¥ −eu Hhw
¢e−Sl BQ¡l-BQlZ J Lb¡l −j¡qS¡−m B¢hø L−l −La¥QlZ−L ¢e−Sl fË¢a
BL«ø L−l −g−mz −La¥QlZJ H−m¡−Ln£l −fË−j q¡h¤X¥h¤ M¡uz HSeÉ −p ¢e−Sl
Bh¡pÙÛm aÉ¡N L−l H−m¡−Ln£l ¢fa¡ j¢am¡−ml BnËu −euz AhnÉ −pM¡e
−b−L a¡l ¢ha¡¢sa q−a −h¢n¢ce pju m¡−N e¡z C¢aj−dÉ H−m¡−Ln£
−La¥QlZ−L a¡−L ¢e−u f¡m¡−e¡l fËÙ¹¡h −cu Hhw −pSeÉ −e±L¡ −S¡N¡s Ll−a
h−mz −La¥ a¡l Lb¡ ja L¡S Ll−mJ −cM¡ k¡u −k, H−m¡−Ln£ a¡−L −R−s
c¤mÑ−il L¡−R ¢e−S−L pjfÑZ L−lz C¢aj−dÉ c¤mÑi jd¤p§c−el L¡S −R−s −p
A’−ml plL¡l£ −O¢lc¡l AbÑ¡v M¡Se¡ Bc¡u Ll¡l Q¡L¢l ¢e−u −g−m−Rz H
OVe¡u −La¥QlZ fËQ™ Afj¡¢ea J r¥ì quz Hlfl fËb−j −p a¡l ja −p
A’−ml BlJ L−uLSe−L S¥¢V−u −e±L¡u L−l k¡œ£ h−u ¢e−u k¡Ju¡l L¡S
öl¦ L−lz AhnÉ Hl Bs¡−m plL¡l£ −O¢lc¡l J a¡l Ad£eÙ¹ LjÑQ¡l£−cl
H¢s−u Hl¡ he¡’−m e¡e¡ m¤Val¡−Sl L¡SJ Q¡m¡uz a−h −no fkÑ¿¹ M¤n¡m
e¡jL HLS−el −ea«−aÆ a¡l¡ pL−m ¢j−m p¡ul AbÑ¡v j¡R −hQ¡-−Le¡l −L¾cÊ
hp¡u, −kM¡−e h¡c¡ A’−ml pjÙ¹ j¡R HL¢œa L−l −hQ¡-−Le¡ q−u j§m i¨M−™l
¢c−L f¡¢s −cuz H¢c−L c¤mÑiQ−¾cÊl L¡−R −b−L H−m¡−Ln£ p¤¤M£ q−a f¡−l e¡z
−pM¡−e a¡l M¡Ju¡-fl¡, AbÑ-pÇf−cl Ai¡h e¡ b¡L−mJ −L¡−e¡ ü¡d£ea¡ ¢Rm
e¡z mÇfV c¤mÑiQ¾cÊ a¡−L L¡l−Z-AL¡l−Z j¡l−d¡l L−l, n¡¢Ù¹ −cu, h¾c£ L−l
l¡−Mz g−m −p Bh¡l −La¥QlZ−L gy¡−c −g−m c¤mÑ−il L¡l¡N¡l −b−L −h¢l−u
B−pz Hh¡−l a¡l mr S¢jc¡l jd¤p§cez ¢L¿¹¥ he −L−V hp¢a Ll¡l m−rÉ
jn…m hªÜ jd¤p§ce a¡l L¡−R b¡L¡ pjÙ¹ Nqe¡ H−m¡−Ln£−L ¢c−mJ a¡−L NËqZ
Ll−a f¡−l e¡z ANaÉ¡ −pM¡−e BnËu e¡ −f−u H−m¡−Ln£ jd¤p§c−el LmL¡a¡l
hå¥ L«¢o¢h‘¡e£ p¤¤L¥j¡−ll L¡−R k¡uz p¤¤L¥j¡l a¡−L −i¡N Ll−mJ BnËu −cu e¡z
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g−m −p Bh¡l −La¥Ql−Zl nlZ¡fæ quz Hh¡−l −La¥QlZ Bl i¥m L−l e¡z
−p −no fkÑ¿¹ H−m¡−Ln£l fËL«a ül©f h¤T−a −f−l a¡−L c¤mÑ−il q¡−a a¥−m
¢c−u c¤mÑ−il B−Nl f−rl ¢nöp¿¹¡e −S¡vpÀ¡i¨oZ−L ¢e−u fy¡Q¥ h¡s¥−‹É J a¡l
f¢aa¡ −h¡e fcÈ Hhw f−cÈl −fË¢jL E−jn−L p−‰ ¢e−u h¡c¡he −R−s
n¡¢¿¹eN−ll E−Ÿ−nÉ f¡¢s −cuz
HC "SmS‰m' EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p qJu¡l e¡e¡ mrZ fËL¡n
−f−u−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−SJ −k, h¡c¡h−el B’¢mL l©f−L a¥−m dl¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V lQe¡u q¡a ¢c−u−Re, a¡ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl öl¦−a h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p
B’¢mLa¡l p¡bÑL l©fL¡l a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul E−Ÿ−nÉ ay¡l hš²hÉ −b−LC
Øfø quz ¢a¢e "a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢fËuh−lo¤' h−m p−ð¡de L−l ay¡l
E−Ÿ−nÉ ¢m−M−Re -- ""j¡e¤o J j¡¢Vl fË¢a −a¡j¡l i¡mh¡p¡l p£j¡ −eCz
h−‰¡fp¡N−ll Ac¤lhaÑ£ SmS‰m J HC ph j¡e¤o −c−MR ¢Le¡ S¡¢e−ez H−cl
9
Lb¡ ¢eÕQu −a¡j¡l i¡−m¡ m¡N−hz'' HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a KfeÉ¡¢pL p¤¤¾clh−el
Ac§lhaÑ£ "SmS‰m J HC ph j¡e¤o'−cl Lb¡C f¢l−hne L−l−Rez EfeÉ¡−pl
j−dÉ h¡lh¡l h−el ¢Qœ, h−el fËL«¢a, h−e hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤oSe, h−el l£¢a-
e£¢a, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, h−el −m¡LLb¡-−m¡L¢hnÄ¡p fËi«¢a fËp‰ H−p−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n
Hph ¢LR¥l ¢jnË−Z ¢a¢e −ke j§m Sepj¡S −b−L ¢h¢µRæ HL AeÉ SN−a ¢e−u
¢N−u a¡l p−‰ Bj¡−cl HL¡aÈ L¢l−u ¢c−a fËu¡p£ q−u−Re h−mJ j−e quz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl öl¦−aC Bjl¡ −c¢M KfeÉ¡¢pL he J a¡l A¢dù¡œ£ −ch£
he¢h¢hl E−Ÿ−nÉ I A’−m fËQ¢ma HL¢V N¡−el c¤'¢V QlZ a¥−m d−l−Re --
""j¡ −N¡ j¡ -- −a¡l h¡mL BCm h−e,
10
nš¥l-c¤nje cje L−l l¡¢Mp ¢R-Ql−Z -- ''
EfeÉ¡−p l¡uNË¡j, −j±−i¡N, jn¡m, hL¥mam¡, m¡-i¡P¡l M¡m, py¡Cam¡,
n¡j¤Lam¡, hul¡, Mm−pj¡¢l, f¡a¡mh¡¢s fËi«¢a ÙÛ¡−el e¡j B−Rz h¡c¡h−e
A−eL…−m¡ py¡Cam¡ B−R -- ""py¡Cam¡ A−eL…−m¡z öd¤ py¡Cam¡ hm−m dl¡
11
k¡u e¡z'' HC A’m…¢m fªbL fªbL e¡−jl q−mJ ph…¢ml fËL«¢a fË¡u HL

308
-- ""S‰−ml j¤−M BCV HLV¡z EyQ¥ S¡uN¡ -- −L¡V¡−ml pj−uJ −S¡u¡l-S−m
−X¡−h e¡z −YE−ul BO¡−a BC−Vl HL fË¡¿¹ dÆ−p f−s−R -- fË¢a hRlC N¡−Pl
12
¢e−Q cn-¢hn q¡a a¢m−u k¡uz'' h¡c¡h−el fË¡u pjÙ¹ Hm¡L¡ pÇf−LÑ HLb¡
paÉz I A’−ml Bl HLV¡ ¢S¢ep fË¡u pjÙ¹ −m¡L¡m−u −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz
HV¡ qm h−el A¢dù¡œ£ −ch£ he¢h¢hl b¡e -- ""he¢h¢h-am¡ H¢Vz h¡c¡l
A¢dù¡œ£ −ch£ he¢h¢hz HC HL¢V −Lhm eu -- h−el HM¡−e-−pM¡−e ay¡l A−eL
13
BÙ¹¡e¡z'' Ef−l E¢õ¢Ma h¡c¡h−el ÙÛ¡e…¢ml j−dÉ −j±−i¡−N jd¤p§ce l¡u he
−L−V Sehp¢a °a¢l L−l−Rez −p A’−m Hi¡−h he −L−V Sehp¢a Ll¡l
¢hhl−Z KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""h¡c¡ HLh¡l L¡V¡ q−u−Rz ¢R−V-he S−eÈ−Rz
BN¡j£ hRl Bl-HL L¡V¡ ¢c−u d¡e Rs¡−e¡ q−hz AÒfüÒf SeÈ¡−h! f¤−l¡
q¡¢pm q−a HM−e¡ ¢ae-Q¡l hRlz −h¢nJ m¡N−a f¡−l -- −YE−ul j¤−M j¡¢Vl
14
hy¡d LaV¡ ¢VL−h, pjÙ¹ ¢eiÑl Ll−R a¡l Eflz''
HC h¡c¡h−e ¢h¢Qœ dl−el J ¢h¢Qœ fËL«¢al j¡e¤oSe hph¡p L−lz
H−cl j−dÉ −LE −LE j§m Sepj¡S −b−L ¢N−u q¡¢Sl q−mJ A¢dL¡wnC
−pM¡eL¡l ÙÛ¡u£ A¢dh¡p£z HC EfeÉ¡−p jd¤p§ce l¡u, j¢am¡m p¡d¤, c¤mÑiQ¾cÊ,
p¤¤L¥j¡l, fy¡Q¥ h¡s¥−‹É Jl−g −N¡m fy¡Q¥, fc¡, H−m¡−Ln£, fcÈ fËj¤−Ml¡ Bc−a
j§m i¨M−™l h¡¢p¾c¡ q−mJ c£OÑ¢ce h¡c¡h−e h¡p Ll¡u a¡−cl üi¡h-°h¢nøÉ J
fËL«¢a −pph ÙÛ¡−el p−‰ A‰¡‰£i¡−h k¤š² q−u −N−−Rz jd¤p§c−el f¢lQu fËc¡e
Ll−a ¢N−u KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""−k-−p −m¡L ee jd¤p§ce -- l¡j¢el”e l¡u
eh¡h plgl¡S My¡l −cJu¡e ¢R−me, −pC p¤¤¢hMÉ¡a hw−nl −R−mz ¢h−cÉJ e¡¢L
A−Ym -- ¢L¿¹¥ Bm¡−f BQl−Z dl−a f¡l−h e¡z i¡Cl¡ LmL¡a¡u b¡−Lez
j¡¢V−a f¡ −ce e¡ ay¡l¡ -- N¡¢s−a −O¡−le, N¡¢s −b−L −e−j f¡¢mn-Ll¡ E−W¡e-
−j−Sl Efl ¢c−u −c¡am¡-−aam¡u E−W k¡ez jd¤p§ce ay¡−cl p−‰ pÇfLÑq£e
q−u l¡u-NË¡−jl °fa«L h¡¢s Hhw he¢h¢h-am¡l Ae¢ac§lhaÑ£ −j±−i¡−Nl
L¡R¡¢lh¡¢s−a f−s b¡−Le A¢dL¡wn pjuz S‰m q¡¢pm L−l Q¡oh¡−pl hÉhÙÛ¡u
−j−a B−Rez Hje c−ll −m¡L, a¡ h−m h¡R¢hQ¡l −eCz Q¡o¡i¨−o¡l Bp−l h−p

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qõ¡ L−lez j¾c −m¡−L BlJ e¡e¡ lLj lVe¡ L−lz ay¡l S−eÉ HLM¡e¡ ¢fy¢s
15
h¡ Sm−Q±¢L -- pL−ml p−‰ HCV¥L¥ j¡œ ü¡a¿»Éz'' HC hZÑe¡ −b−LC −h¡T¡
k¡u −k, jd¤p§ce l¡u Bc−a LmL¡a¡ −b−L H−mJ Bp−m h¡c¡h−elC h¡¢p¾c¡
q−u −N−Rez Afl¢c−L −La¥QlZ, c¤L¢s, E−jn, M¤n¡m, −N¡m fy¡Q¥, j¡eÉdl,
q¢lfc, Smdl, …¢m fy¡Q¥, G¢ohl, ¢V−L pcÑ¡−ll ja ASpË Q¢lœ HC EfeÉ¡−p
B−Rz Hl¡ ph¡C −pC A’−mlC i¨¢jf¤œz H−cl BQ¡l-BQlZ, L¡kÑLm¡−f
h¡c¡h−el R¡f Øføa Ae¤i¨a quz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡uL ¢q−p−h Bf¡ai¡−h
h¡c¡h−el −aS£ k¤hL −La¥QlZ−L j−e q−mJ −p h¡c¡h−elC gpmz k¢cJ
EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o −p c¤mÑ−il ¢nöp¿¹¡e−L p−‰ ¢e−u n¡¢¿¹eN−ll E−Ÿ−nÉ lJe¡
¢c−u−R; ¢L¿¹¥ pjNË EfeÉ¡−pC a¡l Efl −pC A’m¢Vl hÉ¡fL fËi¡h B−Rz
a¡−L −L¡−e¡i¡−hC A’m¢V −b−L Bm¡c¡ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡¢uL¡
H−m¡−Ln£l −r−œJ HLb¡ fË−k¡SÉz −p a¡l h¡h¡ j¢am¡m p¡d¤l p−‰ j§m
Sepj¡S −b−L h¡c¡h−e H−mJ flhaÑ£ L¡−m −p I A’−ml p−‰ HL¡aÈ q−u
−N−Rz h¡c¡he R¡s¡ a¡l A¢Ù¹aÆJ ¢hfæ q−u f−sz a¡C p¡j¢NËLi¡−h ¢hQ¡l
Ll−m EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a h¡c¡he A’m¢V−LC e¡u−Ll ü£L«¢a ¢c−a qu; k¡ HL¢V
p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉaj fËd¡e naÑz
HC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl j¡e¤o…¢ml S£he-S£¢hL¡J üa¿» fËL«¢alz
Hl j−dÉ j§m Sepj¡S −b−L q¡¢Sl qJu¡ je¤oSe −kje jd¤ l¡u, c¤mÑiQ¾cÊ,
j¢am¡m p¡d¤ h¡ fy¡Q¥ h¡s¥−‹É Jl−g −N¡m fy¡Q¥l ja −m¡−Ll¡ Sj¡-MlQ, Bu-
p’−ul ¢ho−u ¢q−ph-¢L−ah L−l Qm−mJ h¡c¡h−el i¨¢jf¤œl¡ M¤h HLV¡
¢q−p−hl d¡l d¡−l e¡z Hl¡ i¨a-i¢hoÉ−al Lb¡J −aje i¡−h e¡z H−cl L¡−R
hlw fup¡L¢s b¡L−mC Hl¡ Aü¢Ù¹−a −i¡−Nz a¡C −cM¡ k¡u −La¥QlZ a¡l
L¡−R b¡L¡ ¢p¢L g−sl B—¡u M¤C−u ¢c−uJ ¢e¢mÑç b¡−L -- ""g−sl B—¡u
¢exn−ë −La¥ h−p fsmz HLV¡ ¢p¢L −hl L−l f¤−l¡V¡C l¡Mm l¦Ca−el Eflz
¢p¢L NµQ¡ −Nmz ah¤ −p HL¢V Lb¡ hmm e¡z f−bl pðm ¢p¢LV¡z A−eL¢ce
d−l Ny¡−V B−R ¢h¢sV¡-BpV¡ ¢Le−h h−mz ¢L¿¹¥ fË−u¡Se qu ¢e, Hl a¡l L¡−R
−Q−u-¢Q−¿¹ üµR−¾c Q−m −N−Rz ¢p¢L −q−l −ke Bfc Q¥¢L−u ¢c−u ¢e¢ÕQ¿¹i¡−h −p
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 16
¢X¢P−a ¢N−u ö−u fsmz'' AhnÉ Hl¡ ¢e−S−cl i¨a-i¢hoÉ−al Lb¡
−ajei¡−h i¡−h e¡ h−m ¢e×LjÑ¡ q−u h−p b¡−L HjeJ euz a¡l¡ e¡e¡dl−el
L¡−S ¢mç b¡−Lz HC A’−ml −j¡sm−cl pð−å KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""a¡
h−m ¢e×LjÑ¡ eu -- a¡l¡ h−p M¡u e¡z l¡¢œ−hm¡ -- ¢h−no L−l L«o·-f−rl l¡−œ
L¡−Sl Q¡f¡Q¡¢fz −e±−L¡l L¡−S −ka SeL−uL -- LaL O−ll L¡−S, LaL h¡
−raM¡j¡−ll L¡−Sz M¡m h¡ M¡¢sl j−dÉ −e±−L¡ −h−d B−R, −j¡sm−cl ¢X¢P
¢exn−ë m¡Nm ¢N−u a¡l f¡−nz O¤j −i−P E−W j¡¢Tl¡ −cM−h −L¡j−ll Ny¡¢Su¡
17
−L−V V¡L¡ fup¡ pjÙ¹ ¢e−u −N−Rz'' Hl¡ pL−m HL−œ S¢j−u B—¡ ¢c−aJ
i¡−m¡h¡−pz a¡C −cM¡ k¡u -- ""E−jn R¡s¡J −N¡m-fy¡Q¥, …¢m-fy¡Q¥, G¢ohl, M¤n¡m
-- HLp−‰ A−e−L S¥−V−Rz B−R j¾c eu, påÉ¡l fl SjSj¡V B—¡z k¢c
¢S‘¡p¡ L−l¡, Ha −m¡−Ll M¡Ju¡-fl¡ Q−m ¢L−p? N¡−u −S¡l Bl j¡b¡l ¢Om¤
18
b¡L−m h¡c¡ A’−m ¢L−pl c¤xM! −L¡e Ai¡h −eC J−clz'' Hl¡ AhnÉ
−e±L¡u pJu¡l£ hJu¡ −b−L öl¦ L−l heL−ll −m¡LSe−cl m¤¢L−u-Q¥¢l−u h−el
N¡R L¡V¡, −j¡j jd¤ pwNËq Ll¡, heÉ fö j¡l¡l ja L¡−SJ ¢mç b¡−Lz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a M¤n¡−ml E−cÉ¡−N −La¥QlZ−cl L−uLSe ¢j−m j¡−Rl p¡ul hp¡−aJ
−cM¡ k¡uz HC j¡−Rl p¡u−l −i¡l−hm¡ I Hm¡L¡l pjÙ¹ j¡R H−e q¡¢Sl Ll¡
quz a¡lfl f¡CL¡¢l −hQ¡-−Le¡ q−u −pC j¡R j§m Sepj¡−Sl h¡S¡−l ¢h¢œ²l
E−Ÿ−nÉ ¢e−u k¡Ju¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ quz a−h HC p¡ul −b−LJ −k M¤h −h¢n Bu-
Ef¡SÑe qu e¡, a¡ −N¡m-fy¡Q¥l Lb¡ −b−LC Øfø -- ""H −O¡s¡l-¢Xj p¡−ul
Q¡¢m−u ¢LR¥ q−h e¡z l¡uh¡h¤l M¡Se¡ Bl aq¢l-fl¢h ¢j¢V−u ¢c−u −f−Vl
i¡aV¡ −S¡V¡−e¡ k¡u k¢c hs −S¡lz Bl L-¢ce f−l −jm¡ A−¿¹ ¢X¢PV¡ O¡−V
19
h−p b¡L−h, −p¡u¡¢l S¥V−h e¡z'' Hl¡ hlw h¡c¡h−el ec£-e¡m¡u ¢X¢P-−e±L¡
Q¡m¡−aC −h¢n üµR¾cz a¡C −La¥QlZ pÇf−LÑ KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll hš²hÉ -- ""X¡P¡l
eu -- ¢X¢Pl j¡e¤o −La¥QlZz Aa hs −S¡u¡e c¤-f¡ qy¡V−a ¢qj¢pj q−u k¡u,
¢L¿¹¥ °hW¡ q¡−a ¢X¢P−a h¢p−u c¡J -- p¡l¡rZ −h−uJ q¡−a p¡s q−h e¡z N¡P-
20
M¡−ml M¤¢n−Mu¡m J A¢åp¢å a¡l eMcfÑ−Zz'' Hph A’−m fs¡öe¡l Qm
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−aje −eCz hlw −R−m−L fs¡öe¡ Ll¡−mC Bg−n¡p Ll−a quz −j¡sm j¡eÉdl
Qœ²haÑ£l −r−œ HV¡ −cM¡ k¡uz a¡l −R−m Jjn¡ Jl−g E−jn −mM¡fs¡ ¢n−M
L¡SLjÑ L−l e¡ h−m a¡l j−e qu −R−m−L −mM¡fs¡ −nM¡−e¡V¡ a¡l c¤h¤Ñ¢Ül
L¡l−Z q−u−R -- ""py¡Cam¡l j¡eÉdl −j¡s−ml −R−m E−jn -- −La¥ a¡−cl
h¡¢s−a B−Rz c¤h¤Ñ¢Ü q−u¢Rm j¡eÉd−ll -- E−jn−L °nn−h f¡Wn¡m¡u f¡W¡uz
g−m qai¡N¡V¡ h¡¢sl L¡SL−jÑ −L¡e¢ce je ¢cm e¡ -- N¡e N¡u, Rs¡ hy¡−d,
21
B—¡ ¢c−u −hs¡u HM¡−e-JM¡−ez'' heL−ll −m¡LSe J Smf¤¢mn−L q¡a
L−l h¡c¡he A’−m −j¡j-jd¤ pwNËq, ¢nL¡−ll ja L¡kÑ¡h¢mJ pwO¢Va quz HC
A’−m fkÑ¡ç −j¡j-jd¤ f¡Ju¡ k¡u -- ""−j¡j-jd¤ pwNË−ql jlöj q−µR °Qœj¡−pl
j¡T¡j¡¢T −b−L f¤−l¡f¤¢l °SùÉ Ah¢dz e¡e¡lLj g¥m −g¡−V S‰−m, N¡−R N¡−R
¢hÙ¹l Q¡L quz jd¤l fË¡Q¥−kÑ Q¡−Ll lw Oo¡-L¡−Ql j−a¡ q−u J−W, Vmjm Ll−a
22
b¡−L Q¡Lz h¡a¡p H−m jd¤l i¡−l Q¡−Ll Awn −i−PJ f−s LMe LMez''
Hi¡−hC Q−m h¡c¡h−el S£he, k¡ j§m Sepj¡−Sl j¡e¤o−cl −b−L H−Lh¡−l
üa¿»z a¡C −pC A’−ml l©fLb¡L¡l c¤L¢sl j¤−M −n¡e¡ k¡u -- ""eNlh¡p£ ¢L
h¤T−a f¡−l h¡c¡l hÉ¡f¡l? H qm Bm¡c¡ HL SNv -- −a¡j¡−cl hy¡d¡ R−Ll
23
S£he °b f¡−h e¡ S‰−m Y¥L−az''
h¡c¡h−e p¡d¡lZ Sepj¡−Sl ¢euj-e£¢a Q−m e¡z HM¡−e HL lqpÉju
f¢l−hn N−s J−Wz Hl j−dÉC S¢s−u b¡−L h¡c¡he A’−ml pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p,
−m¡L-−m±¢LLa¡z a¡C KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""h¡c¡h−el e£¢a ¢euj −a¡j¡−cl
ja Sepj¡−Sl ja euz −pC ph ¢euj −S−e e¡J B−Ni¡−N, p¡hd¡e q−u
fË¢af¡me L−l¡, p¡hd¡−e −hs¡J, Lb¡h¡aÑ¡ p¡j¡m q−u h−m¡ -- −L¡−e¡ iu −eC,
j¡−ul cu¡ ph pju −a¡j¡u ¢O−l b¡L−hz L¡SLjÑ Q¥¢L−u O−ll j¡¢eL O−l ¢g−l
24
k¡−h, −LE −L¡e lLj r¢a Ll−a f¡l−h e¡z'' öd¤ a¡C eu, HC A’m
pð−å KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll BlJ hš²hÉ -- ""h¡c¡he j¡e−om¡l ja eu -- j¡e¤−ol hy¡d¡
¢q−ph ph pju M¡−V e¡ HM¡−ez fcÈ h¡ Bl −LE j−l −N−R -- Aj¢e −k p−‰
p−‰ pLm pÇfLÑ Q¥−L k¡−h, H-l£¢a HM¡eL¡l euz S¡−ml c¢sl ja ec£-

312
M¡−ml na f¡−L-hy¡d¡ h−el j−dÉ ANZÉ S¿¹¥-S¡−e¡u¡l -- i−ul B−R, Bcl
L−l −f¡o j¡e¡h¡lJ B−Rz Hph R¡s¡ BlJ −a¡ B−Re -- jªaÉ¥l Aa£a q−u
25
¢eSÑe he-A’m S¥−s l−u−R ky¡l¡z'' HC pjNË A’m S¥−s Q−m heÉ−ch£
"he¢h¢h'l l¡SaÆz h¡c¡he A’−ml −kM¡−e-−pM¡−e R¢s−u ¢R¢V−u B−R he¢h¢hl
ÙÛ¡ez h¡c¡h−el −m¡LS−el L¡−R C¢e AaÉ¿¹ S¡NËaz a¡C M¤h d¤jd¡j L−l
AaÉ¿¹ ¢eù¡ pqL¡−l ay¡l f§−S¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ qu -- ""he¢h¢h-am¡ H¢Vz h¡c¡l
A¢dù¡œ£ −ch£ he¢h¢hz HC HL¢V −Lhm eu -- h−el HM¡−e-−pM¡−e ay¡l A−eL
BÙ¹¡e¡z S‰−m Y¥Lh¡l B−N h¡Ju¡¢mu¡ b¡−e H−p ¢p¢e j¡ea L−l, f§hÑ-
fË¢anË¥a j¡ea −n¡d ¢c−u k¡uz −LE S£h¿¹ j¤l¢N −R−s ¢c−u k¡u −ch£l a¥¢øl
SeÉ, −LE h¡ hL¥mN¡−Rl −N¡s¡u ¢el¡¢jo Ry¡Q-h¡a¡p¡ p¡¢S−u −cuz fË¢a hRl
°Qœ-f§¢ZÑj¡l ¢ce Y¡L−Y¡m h¡¢S−u pj¡−l¡−q −ch£l f§S¡ qu HM¡−ez hR−ll j−dÉ
HC ¢h−no HL¢V ¢cez c§l-c§l¡¿¹l −b−L ¢hÙ¹l −m¡L Sj¡−ua quz B−m¡-
26
B−m¡ju q−u k¡u S‰m-l¡SÉz'' HC he¢h¢hl LmÉ¡−Z h¡c¡h−el j¡e¤oSe
pÇf¨ZÑ ¢hfcpˆ¥m f¢l−h−n ¢V−L b¡−L -- h¡O-i¡m¤L, p¡f-−M¡−fl ja heÉ
S£hS¿¹¥l q¡a −b−L BaÈlr¡ L−l h−mC I A’−ml j¡e¤−ol ¢hnÄ¡pz −pM¡eL¡l
fËh£Z A¢dh¡p£ c¤L¢sl j¤−M he¢h¢hl L¡kÑLm¡f pwœ²¡¿¹ e¡e¡ −m¡LLb¡-
−m¡L¢hnÄ¡−pl NÒf öe−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz H…¢m piÉpj¡−Sl j¡e¤−ol L¡−R
A−m±¢LL, A¢hnÄ¡pÉ j−e q−mJ I ph lqpÉju A’−m ph¢LR¥C pñh h−m j−e
quz I ph A’−ml j¡e¤Úo…¢m c¤L¢sl NÒf BNËqi−l −n¡−e Hhw ¢hnÄ¡pJ
L−lz
h¡c¡h−e h¡O −b−L öl¦ L−l e¡e¡ ¢qwpË S£hS¿¹¥ h¡p L−lz H−cl q¡a
−b−L BaÈlr¡ −f−a −p A’−ml j¡e¤o−cl L¡−R …Z£el¡C ilp¡z a¡C HC
A’−m A−eL …Z£e −kje −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡u, −aj¢e a¡−cl−L −L¾cÊ L−l fËQ¥l
−m¡LLb¡J SeÈ ¢e−u−Rz HC …Z£e−cl L¡kÑ¡h¢m−LJ KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡−p
a¥−m d−l−Re -- ""luÉ¡m-−h‰m V¡CN¡l iu¡eL -- ¢L¿¹¥ a¡l NË¡p −b−L −hy−Q
Bph¡l L¡uc¡ …Z£−el¡ S¡−ez h¡Ohåe f−s −e±−L¡ Q¡f¡e c¡J -- h¡−Ol h¡−fl

313
p¡dÉ −eC −p −e±−L¡ ØfnÑ Llh¡lz HlLj B−R ¢Mmj¿» -- h¡−Ol cy¡−a cy¡−a
¢Mm Hy−V k¡u j−¿»l …−Z, qy¡ L−l L¡js¡−e¡l n¢š² b¡−L e¡z ¢Mm M¤−m e¡
−cJu¡ fkÑ¿¹ −M−aC f¡l−h e¡ −L¡e¢LR¥ -- e¡ −M−u ö¢L−u j−l k¡−hz ¢L¿¹¥
AL¡l−Z S£−hl Lø −cJu¡ …Z£e−cl ¢h¢d eu, …l¦l ¢e−od -- j¿» A¢pÜ qJu¡l
pñ¡he¡J B−R H−az ¢hfš¡l−Zl SeÉC j¿», AeÉ−L ¢hf−c −gmh¡l SeÉ euz
a¡C ¢hfc AfNa qh¡l p−‰ p−‰ ¢Mm M¤−m −cu …Z£el¡z öd¤ j¿»a¿» eu,
N¡RN¡Rs¡J S¡e¡ B−R e¡e¡lLjz h¡−Ol O¡−ul h£ivp jm−jl Lb¡ S¡−e
pL−mC -- a¡ R¡s¡ HLlLj ¢nLs B−R −h−V m¡N¡−m pç¡−ql j−dÉ L¡j−sl
27
¢Qq² fkÑ¿¹ −hj¡m¤j ¢j¢m−u k¡−hz'' heÉS£h S¿¹¥l f¡n¡f¡¢n h¡c¡he A’m
e¡e¡ fËS¡¢al ¢h¢iæ dl−el p¡−flJ h¡pi¨¢j -- ""¢hodl p¡fC h¡ La! c¤dl¡S-
hˆl¡S, nˆ¡ha£-n¡Mj¤¢V, L¡me¡¢Ne£-eNlh¡p£, e¡j ö−eR Hp−hl? L¡m-e¡¢Ne£l
N¡−u l¡P¡ l¡P¡ g¥m ByL¡z HLh¡l HL hˆl¡−Sl j¤−M¡j¤¢M f−s¢Rm −La¥QlZz
p¡f œ²¥Ü q−u −gy¡p-−gy¡p L−l Bœ²jZ Ll−a −R¡−V, p¡l¡−cq iy¡−S iy¡−S
−i−P ¢N−u ¢L Afl©f −n¡i¡ q−u¢Rm −pC pju! cne¡−NË p¤¢¤ e¢ÕQa jªaÉ¥ -- ¢L¿¹¥
j−lJ p¤¤M B−R Hje p¡−fl −R¡h−mz −cM, r−Z r−Z −Lje lw hcm¡−µR
EcuL¡−ml! −ke hýl©f£l p¡c¡ −f¡n¡−L HC e¡lc-j¤¢e q−u-H−me, a¡lfl HC
28
−cM -- V¥LV¥−L n¡¢s f−l l¡Se¢¾ce£z'' HC pjÙ¹ p¡−f−cl q¡a −b−L lr¡
Ll¡l SeÉ I A’−m JT¡−clJ −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz Hl¡J e¡e¡lLj A¢hnÄ¡pÉ
L¡™ L−l p¡−f L¡V¡ j¡e¤o−L hy¡¢Q−u −a¡−m h−m I A’−ml j¡e¤oS−el ¢hnÄ¡p
-- ""Bh¡l JT¡l¡J −kj¢e! jl¡ j¡e¤−o fË¡Z ¢c−a f¡−lz e£mhZÑ q−u −N−R,
N¡−P i¡¢p−u ¢c−a k¡−µR -- L¡Lfr£l j¤−M Mhl −f−u Sm-S¡P¡m −i−P R¥V−a
R¥V−a H−p Jl¡ ¢hoq¢ll −c¡q¡C f¡−s -- l¡−M¡ j¡ fË¡Z ¢eJ e¡z ¢ho e¡j−a
−cl£ q−m AnÔ£m i¡o¡u N¡¢mN¡m¡S L−l -- L¡−e BP¥m ¢c−a qu j−¿»l hQe
ö−ez Ty¡V¡l h¡¢s j¡−l -- −l¡¢Nl N¡−u k¢cQ, ¢L¿¹¥ −l¡¢N−L eu -- −pC AmrÉ
29
Baa¡u£−L, nua¡¢e L−l −k ¢ho e¡j¡−a ¢c−µR e¡z''

314
 HC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a h¡c¡he A’m¢Vl Sepj¡−Sl −m¡L-pwú¡−ll p−‰
k¤š² SeÈ-jªaÉ¥-¢hh¡q -- j¡e¤−ol HC ¢ae¢V A¢a BhnÉL£u OVe¡l j−dÉ SeÈ J
jªaÉ pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢hhlZ −eCz ¢hh¡q pÇf−LÑ AÒf ¢hhlZC B−Rz Hj¢e−a I
A’−m −j−u−R−ml −cM¡ −jm¡C i¡lz a¡C HL¢V OVe¡u −cM¡ k¡u -- ""−N¡m
fy¡Q¥ HLlLj E¢s−u −ch¡l i¡−h O¡s −e−s hmm, ¢L −cM−a ¢L −c−M¢Rpz
−j−u−m¡L Bp−h −L¡−›−L? h¡c¡h−e −j−u−R−m? HC k¡ −Lhm −jm¡l j−dÉ −cM¡
30
k¡−µR l¡uh¡h¤l h−¾c¡h−Ù¹z'' qua HSeÉ ¢h−ul pju −R−m−cl −p A’−ml
¢e¢l−M A¢a EµQq¡−l fZ ¢c−a quz a¡C −La¥QlZ à¡cn hoÑ£u¡ V¥¢e−L ¢h−u
Ll−a Q¡C−m V¥¢el h¡h¡l ¢Q¿¹¡i¡he¡ pÇf−LÑ KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−j−u
¢c−a Bf¢š −eC, a−h fZ m¡N−h HL−n¡-HL V¡L¡z I lLj e¡¢L cl
31
E−W−Rz'' hm¡ h¡ýmÉ, −La¥QlZ −p A’−ml phlLj L¡−Sl p−‰ k¤š² −b−LJ
fy¡Q hR−l HC HLn-HL V¡L¡ Ef¡SÑe Ll−a f¡−l ¢ez
h¡c¡h−e Sehp¢a °a¢ll E−Ÿ−nÉ jd¤ l¡u q¡V hp¡−e¡l f¢lLÒfe¡
L−lez HSeÉ ¢a¢e q¡V hp¡−e¡l f§−hÑ a¡l j¤Mhå ül©f −jm¡ hp¡ez HC −jm¡
Efm−r −pC A’−m M¤h d¤j f−s k¡uz e¡e¡ ¢cL −b−L −m¡LSe −jm¡u H−p
q¡¢Sl quz HC −jm¡l hZÑe¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""−jm¡ h−p−R q¡−Vl
j¤Mhå ül©fz −f±o-pwœ²¡¢¿¹ fkÑ¿¹ Qm−h HC −jm¡z M¤h e¡j R¢s−u−R, ¢hÙ¹l
−m¡L k¡a¡u¡a Ll−R, −c¡L¡eJ h−p−R q−lL ¢S¢e−plz −m¡LflÇfl¡ −n¡e¡
k¡−µR, −jm¡l −no j¤−M j¡¢eL-k¡œ¡ J S¡¢lN¡e q−hz h¡−u¡−ú¡f H−p HL l¡¢œ
Qm¿¹ R¢hl −Mm¡ −c¢M−u k¡−h, −p −Qø¡−aJ B−Re l¡uh¡h¤z ¢L¿¹¥ Hac§l h−m
−L¡e −L¡Çf¡¢e l¡¢S q−µR e¡z Hph R¡s¡J B−j¡c-Øg¨¢aÑl hÉhÙÛ¡ B−Rz
i¢hoÉ−a BlJ q−hz −jm¡ −no q−u −N−m −f±o pwœ²¡¢¿¹l fl p¡ç¡¢qL q¡V
32
hp−h −jm¡lC −Sl ¢q−p−hz H −j¡µRh S¥¢s−u −k−a −cJu¡ q−h e¡z'' −jm¡l
HC hZÑe¡ −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u −k, h¡C−ll SN−al p−‰ h¡c¡h−el j¡e¤oS−el
−k¡N¡−k¡N M¤hC r£Z f¢lj¡−Z ¢Rmz a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl A’−m pÇf¨ZÑ üa¿»i¡−hC
h¡p L−lz

315
 HC EfeÉ¡−p h¡c¡h−el j¡e¤o…¢m−L ¢Q¢œa Ll¡ q−mJ a¡−cl Olh¡¢s,
−f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡l −aje ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ −eCz de£
S¢jc¡l jd¤ l¡u, plL¡¢l −O¢lc¡l c¤mÑiQ−¾cÊl ja −m¡−L−cl h¡−p¡f−k¡N£ h¡¢sOl
b¡L−mJ −La¥QlZ, M¤n¡m, Jjn¡, …¢m fy¡Q¥, G¢ohl fËj¤M−cl −h¢nl i¡N pju
¢X¢Pl Efl h¡ p¡u−ll O−l b¡L−a −cM¡ k¡uz a¡−cl b¡L¡l Ol…¢m heÉ
X¡mf¡m¡-ma¡f¡a¡l °a¢lz heÉ HC j¡e¤o…¢m kvp¡j¡eÉC −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc
f¢ld¡e L−lz SmL¡c¡l pju H−cl AaÉ¿¹ fË−u¡Se£u c¤'¢V ¢S¢ep qm R¡¢a J
m¡¢W -- ""SmL¡c¡l HC pjuV¡ R¡¢a m¡¢W c¤−ulC fË−u¡Se qu Qm¡Q−ml SeÉz
−N¡m¡f¡a¡u-R¡Ju¡ R¡¢a -- hå Ll¡ k¡u e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ Sm j¡e¡uz L¡f¤−s R¡¢al
−Q−u A−eL i¡mz Bl mð¡ m¡¢W B−N L¡c¡l j−dÉ ¢c−u B¾c¡S h¤−T a−h f¡
−gm−a quz f−c f−c f¡ qsL¡u, aMe m¡¢W −WL−e¡ ¢c−u M¡s¡ b¡L−a quz
Lb¡ Q¢ma B−R -- hsc−ml j¡¢V, c¤C WÉ¡P Bl m¡¢Wz AbÑ¡v öd¤ c¤C f¡−ul
33
ilp¡u fb H…−e¡ ¢el¡fc euz'' H−cl M¡h¡l-c¡h¡−ll ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ
EfeÉ¡−p −eCz a−h I A’−m fkÑ¡ç f¢lj¡−Z j¡R f¡Ju¡ k¡u SeÉ H−cl
M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡u −h¢nl i¡N pju j¡R i¡a ÙÛ¡e f¡uz HR¡s¡J h−el gmj¤m J
jd¤ fËQ¥l f¢lj¡−Z Hl¡ M¡uz H−cl ¢h¢s, N¡yS¡l ja −en¡ Ll−aJ −cM¡ k¡uz
−p A’−ml phÑœ −e¡e¡Sm b¡L¡u f¡e£u S−ml SeÉ k−bø Bu¡p Ll−a quz
jn¡m −ØVn−el heL−ll A¢g−p −e±L¡u L−l hýc§l h¡c¡h−el h¡C−l −h…e−h−s
−b−L Sm Be−a −cM¡ k¡uz
EfeÉ¡p¢V j−e¡S hp¤¤ j¡eÉ Q¢ma h¡wm¡ i¡o¡−aC ¢m−M−Rez EfeÉ¡−pl
Q¢lœ−cl j¤−MJ −pC i¡o¡ h¢p−u−Rez a−h HC i¡o¡−a I A’−ml ¢eSü
°h¢nøÉ S¥−s ¢c−u−Rez −kje h¡−Ol fËp‰ EW−m a¡−L h¡O e¡ h−m "hs q¢lZ',
"c¢rZ l¡u' fËi«¢a e¡j hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu; h¡−Ol q¡−a j¡e¤o jl−m hm¡ qu
"i¡m q−u−R' fËi«¢az I A’−m j¡e¤o−L X¡−Ll i¡o¡ pÇf−LÑ ¢a¢e ¢m−M−Re --
""h¡c¡h−e Lc¡¢f e¡j d−l X¡L¡X¡¢L L−l¡ e¡z j¡e¤−ol Nm¡ h¤T−a f¡l−m h¡O
b¡L−m −pM¡−e Q−m Bp−hz ¢àfc M¡cÉ AaÉ¿¹ c¤mÑi ¢Le¡! H−p Am−rÉ O¤−l
O¤−l −hs¡−h p¤¤m¤L-på¡e My¥−Sz Bh¡l h¡OC eu -- a¡−cl Ef−l A−eL lLj
316
B−Rez ay¡l¡ BlJ iu¡eLz . . . clL¡l fs−m L¥ ¢c−u p−ˆa L−l¡, Lb¡
34
hm−a −kJ e¡z'' HSeÉ I ph A’−m "L¥ -- E -- E -- ' p−ˆ−al j¡dÉ−j
L¡E−L X¡L¡ quz
HCi¡−h Ae¤på¡e Q¡m¡−m −cM¡ k¡u −k, "SmS‰m' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −hn ¢LR¥ mrZC AaÉ¿¹ Øføi¡−h fËL¡n −f−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a fVi¨¢j, Q¢lœ Hhw a¡−cl BQ¡l-BQlZ, L¡kÑLm¡f, S£he-
S£¢hL¡, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, −m¡L¡Q¡l-−m¡L¢hnÄ¡p-−m¡LLb¡ −b−L öl¦ L−l fË¡u
ph¢cL −b−LC B’¢mLa¡l °h¢nøÉ−L Ae¤plZ Ll¡ q−u−Rz ¢ejÀh‰ p¤¤¾clhe
A’−ml h¡c¡h−el ¢Qœ ¢q−p−hJ EfeÉ¡p¢V Af§hÑ q−u−Rz ph¢LR¥ ¢j¢m−u HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a "B’¢mL lPÚ' HLV¡ Bm¡c¡ S¡uN¡J L−l ¢e−u−Rz a¡C HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L HL¢V pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−mC j−e quz ¢L¿¹ AdÉ¡fL-
pj¡−m¡QL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡−L f¤−l¡f¤¢l ü£L¡l L−l
−ee ¢ez ¢a¢e HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡u h−m−Re -- ""EfeÉ¡p¢V−a −e±L¡
h¡¢qu¡ pj¤−â¡fL¨−m j¡R-dl¡l J BlZÉ S£h−el e¡e¡ ¢Qš¡LoÑL hZÑe¡ b¡¢L−mJ
Cq¡−a fË¢a−hn J OVe¡l HL¡¢dfaÉ e¡C -- j¡ehq©c−ul m£m¡C HC fVi¨¢jL¡l
35
j−dÉ fËd¡e qCu¡ E¢Wu¡−Rz'' AdÉ¡fL h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul HC ja¡ja−L f¤−l¡V¡
−j−e ¢e−a e¡ f¡l−mJ HV¡J ¢WL −k, a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll
EfLb¡'l ja j−e¡S hp¤¤l "SmS‰m' EfeÉ¡−p "B’¢mL lPÚ' fËL¡n f¡u ¢ez
a¡C −nofkÑ¿¹ "SmS‰m' EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h Qlj p¡bÑL e¡
q−mJ H¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−hC ü£L«¢a f¡−hz
a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' EfeÉ¡p¢VJ 1951
¢MËØV¡−ë fËL¡¢na quz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢a¢e l¡t A’−ml A¿¹ÉS −nË¢Z −h−c
pÇfËc¡−ul S£heLb¡−L f¢l−hne L−l−Rez fË¡Q£eL¡m −b−LC h¡wm¡−cn qm pfÑ
AdÉ¥¢oaz a¡C ¢L f§hÑh‰, ¢L Ešlh‰, ¢L l¡th‰ ab¡ f¢ÕQjh‰ -- phÑœC
p¡−fl −ch£ jep¡l f§S¡ fËQ¢ma q−u−R, jep¡l j¢qj¡ hZÑe¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ
L¢h−cl à¡l¡ ¢h¢iæ e¡−j "jep¡j‰m' L¡hÉ lQe¡ Ll¡ q−u−Rz HC p¡f−L −L¾cÊ

317
L−lC h¡wm¡u HL¢V hª¢šS£h£ pÇfËc¡−ul B¢hiÑ¡h O−V−R, k¡l¡ "−h−c' e¡−j
f¢l¢Qaz HC hª¢šS£h£ pÇfËc¡u −h−c−cl L¡S ¢Rm pfÑ AdÉ¥¢oa h¡wm¡u p¡f
dl¡, −pC p¡−fl −Mm¡ −cM¡−e¡, p¡−fl ¢ho pwNËq L−l a¡ ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢hcÉ¡l p−‰
k¤š² j¡e¤o−cl plhl¡q Ll¡ AbÑ¡v −h−c−cl S£heC ¢Rm pfÑ−L¢¾cÊLz H−cl
pÇf−LÑ X. e£q¡ll”e l¡u ay¡l "h¡P¡¢ml C¢aq¡p' NË−¿Û j¿¹hÉ L−l−Re --
""A¿¹ÉS h−ZÑl k¡k¡hl −X¡j-nhl f¤¢m¾c-¢eo¡c-−h−c fËi«¢a−cl AeÉaj hª¢š
¢Rm p¡f-−Mm¡−e¡, k¡c¤¢hcÉ¡l e¡e¡ −Mm¡ −cM¡−e¡ CaÉ¡¢cz p¡−fl Efâh M¤hC
¢Rm; jep¡ f§S¡C a¡q¡l AeÉaj p¡rÉz l¡Spi¡u S¡‰¢mL h¡ ¢ho°hcÉ AeÉaj
l¡Sf¤l¦o ¢R−me; S¡‰¥m£ p¡−flC AeÉ e¡jz p¡−fl L¡j−s A−eL−LC fË¡Z ¢c−a
qCa; −pCSeÉ JT¡ h¡ ¢ho-°hcÉ−cl pj¡−S HLV¡ ÙÛ¡e ¢Rm; Cq¡l¡C ¢R−me
36
p¡f¤−sz'' HC ¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡u pfÑ AdÉ¥¢oa h¡wm¡l phÑœ Lj−h¢n −cM¡
−N−mJ f¢ÕQjh−‰l l¡t A’m¢V c£OÑ¢ce d−lC a¡−cl Oy¡¢V ¢q−p−h ¢h−h¢Qa qaz
a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ay¡l BaÈS£he£ "Bj¡l L¡−ml Lb¡'u S¡¢e−u−Re −k,
¢a¢e −R¡V−hm¡ −b−LC j¡l L¡−R p¡−fl NÒf ö−e¢R−mez H fËp−‰ ¢a¢e
¢m−M−Re -- ""p¡f J p¡¢fe£l ¢jm−el pju p¡¢fe£l N¡−u Ly¡W¡m£Qy¡f¡l N−ål
37
ja Nå −hl quz HC abÉJ ¢a¢e Bj¡−L h−m¢R−mez'' ¢a¢e hs q−u H−cl
p−‰ −k¡N¡−k¡N L−l¢R−me, a¡−cl S£he f¢lœ²j¡ pÇf−LÑ H−cl j¤−MC A−eL
NÒf ö−e¢R−mez ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−h¢cu¡l¡ B¢paz −cn£ −h¢cu¡ p¡f¤−sz
Hl¡ p¡d¡lZa Bpa hoÑ¡l pju, j¡−W Bm-−LE−V dl−az NË¡−j p¡f −c¢M−u
N¡e −N−u ¢ir¡ Lla, hy¡clJ e¡Q¡a, Bl Qmaz Jl¡ −ka -- −j¢ce£f¤l fkÑ¿¹z
a¡−cl j¤−MC ö−e¢Rm¡j -- −j¢ce£f¤l A’−m L¢hl¡S ¢R−me A−eL, ay¡l¡ L¡−m¡
−LE−Vl ¢ho ¢Le−ae Hhw a¡ ¢c−u Jo¤d °a¢l Ll−aez L¡−m¡ L¢øf¡b−ll ja
H−cl N¡−ul lP, −aj¢e ¢L ¢Rm Q¥m -- f¤l¦o−cl c¡¢s-−Ny¡−gl Hje fË¡Q¥kÑ −k
i¡lah−oÑl −k −L¡e nÈnË¥…ÇgNlh£−cl p−‰ f¡õ¡ ¢c−a f¡−lz −j−u−cl Q¥mJ
¢Rm −aj¢e -- l¦r L¡−m¡ Oe HL l¡n Q¥m, °hn¡−Ml q¡Ju¡u g¥m−a b¡La â¥a
38
d¡hj¡e L¡−m¡ −j−Ol jaz −aj¢e ¢VL−m¡ e¡L, Bl a£rÁ −Q¡Mz'' HC p¡f¤−s

318
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320
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f¡bÑLÉ B−Rz a¡C HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢ho-−h−c−cl f¡n¡f¡¢n −j−Vm −h−c,
Cpm¡j£−h−c fËi«¢a −h−c pÇfËc¡−ul E−õM L−l KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡−cl p−‰ ¢ho-
−h−c−cl f¡bÑ−LÉl Lb¡ S¡e¡−a −i¡−me ¢ez −j−Vm −h−c pÇf−LÑ ¢a¢e

324
S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−j−Vm −h−cl¡ ¢hoq¢ll p¿¹¡e euz Jl¡ p¡d¡lZ −h−cz Jl¡
Sm−L H¢s−u Q−mz j¡¢V−a L¡lh¡lz qy¡V¡-f−b Jl¡ O¤−l −hs¡uz Jl¡ p¡f ¢h¢œ²
L−lz Jl¡ Q¡o L−l, m¡Pm d−lz py¡a¡m£l ¢ho-−h−c−cl p−‰ J−cl A−eL
ag¡az''48 Bl ¢ho-−h−c pj¡S aÉ¡N L−l ¢N−u HL Cpm¡j£−h−cl p−‰ Ol
h¡d¡ "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡' nhm¡ Cpm¡j£−h−c−cl pÇf−LÑ ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S−L h−m−R --
""py¡a¡m£l −h−cL¥−ml k¡l¡ py¡a¡m£ −bLÉ¡ N¡P¥−sl S−m f¡ i¡p¡−u B¢ph¡l f−b
p‰ R¡¢s¢Rm, −bLÉ¡ −N¢Rm fcÈ¡ha£l Q−l -- a¡l¡C −a¡ qC−R Cpm¡j£
−h−cz''49 k¡C −q¡L, HC EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e Q¢lœl¡ kb¡ e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ nhm¡,
nhm¡l −fË¢jL, ¢nl−h−c jq¡−ch, jq¡−c−hl i¡C−f¡ flhaÑ£ ¢nl−h−c N‰¡l¡j,
¢àa£u¡ e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ ¢fPm¡, nhm¡l L¡L¡ i¡c¤ −h−c fËj¤−Ml¡ ph¡C EfeÉ¡−p
Nªq£a A’m¢Vl pjÙ¹ °h¢nøÉ ¢e−u q¡¢Sl q−u−Rz d§SÑ¢V L¢hl¡S J a¡l ¢npÉ
¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S, e¡… W¡L¥l fËj¤−Ml¡ EfeÉ¡−p h¡C−ll Q¢lœ ¢qp−hC −b−L
−N−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL B’¢mL Q¢lœ…¢ml n¡l£¢lL Ahuh −b−L öl¦ L−l a¡−cl
fËL«¢al ¢hhlZJ HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢c−u−Re, k¡ −b−L M¤h pq−SC H−cl j§m
Sepj¡−Sl j¡e¤oS−el −Q−u Bm¡c¡ Ll¡ k¡uz a¡C e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ nhm¡l fËbj
B¢hiÑ¡−hl ¢hhl−Z ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S h−m−R -- ""H −j−u p¡f¤−s−cl −j−u,
−h¢ce£z ¢L¿¹¥ H −h¢ce£ B−Nl-−cM¡ ph −h−ce£ −b−L Bm¡c¡z p¡m-−h−c, j¡¢T-
−h−c -- Hl¡ ay¡l −c−nl j¡e¤oz H −h¢ce£l S¡a Bm¡c¡z −Qq¡l¡−a Bm¡c¡,
Lb¡u Bm¡c¡, p¡−S −f¡n¡−L Bm¡c¡ -- Hje −h−cl −j−u ea¥e −cM−me
¢nhl¡j ay¡l S£h−ez −h−cl¡ L¡−m¡C qu, ¢L¿¹¥ Hje jpªZ E‹Æm L¡−m¡ lP
LMeJ −c−Me e¡C ¢nhl¡jz −aj¢e ¢L d¡l¡−m¡ Nsez −j−u¢Vl hup AÒf, ¢L¿¹¥
−h¢n hup q'−mJ H−L c§l −b−L j−e qu ¢L−n¡l£ −j−uz ¢Rf¢R−f f¡am¡ Nse,
c£OÑ¡‰£, j¡b¡u HLl¡¢n Q¥m -- l¦r¥ L¡−m¡ LlL−l −Ly¡Ls¡ Q¥m, M¤−m ¢c−m ¢f−Wl
BdM¡e¡ −Y−L Q¡j−ll j−a¡ gy¡f¡ q−u h¡a¡−p −c¡−m, −Ly¡Ls¡ Q¥m −V−e −p¡S¡
Ll−m H−p f−s S¡e¤l Eflz L¡−m¡ l−Pl j−dÉ ¢QLÚ¢QLÚ Ll−R ¢ae A−‰ Q¡l
g¡¢m a¥¢ml −lM¡u V¡e¡ p¡c¡ −lM¡z L¡−m¡ Q¥−ml ¢WL j¡TM¡−e °f−al p¤¤−a¡l

325
j−a¡ mð¡ ¢py¢b¢V, d¡l¡−m¡ e¡L¢Vl c¤f¡−n el¦Z ¢c−u −Ql¡ pl¦ AbQ mð¡ V¡e¡
f−cÈl H−Lh¡−l ¢ia−ll f¡f¢sl j−a¡ c¤¢V −Q¡−Ml p¡c¡ −ra, Bl −Wy¡−Vl
gy¡−L −R¡V cy¡−al p¡¢lz . . . −e±L¡M¡e¡ Bl HLV¥ H¢N−u −k−aC e¡−L HLV¡
a£hË Nå Y¥Lm H−p ¢nhl¡−jlz −j−u¢V kMe O¡phe −W−m p¡fV¡l ¢fR−e −h¢l−u
H−p S−m Ty¡f ¢c−u f−s¢Rm, aMe ¢WL j¤q¨−aÑl SeÉ HC Nå e¡−L H−p
−fy±−R¢Rmz ¢nhl¡j h¤T−me, H Nå Jl N¡−ul Nåz nl£lV¡ −ke f¡L ¢c−u
EWmz k¡l¡ heÉ, k¡l¡ −f¡s¡ j¡wp M¡u, −am j¡−M e¡, a¡−cl N¡−u HLV¥ Nå
b¡−Lz j¡m j¡¢T −h−c−cl N¡−uJ Nå B−R, ¢L¿¹¥ a¡−a HC a£hËa¡ −eCz H
−ke Ty¡S!''50 ¢àa£u e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ ¢fPm¡J n¡l£¢lL NWe Hhw fËL«¢aNa ¢cL
−b−L Nsfsa¡ e¡l£l −Q−u Bm¡c¡z a¡l pÇf−LÑ ¢nhl¡j S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""L¡−m¡
−j−u ¢fPm¡l −Q¡M c¤−V¡ ¢f‰m¡i; −p −Q¡−Ml cª¢ø BÕQkÑ lL−jl ¢ÙÛlz j¡e¤−ol
¢c−L −p ¢e×fmL q−u a¡¢L−u b¡−L, fmL −g−m e¡; j−e qu H−Lh¡−l ¢ia−ll
¢ia−l b¡−L −k B‰¥m-fËj¡Z BaÈ¡, −p-C −ke −Q¡M c¤V¡l c¤u¡l M¤−m −h¢l−u
H−p cy¡¢s−u−Rz a¡l −a¡ iu e¡C, XlJ e¡Cz a¡ R¡s¡, ¢fPm¡l JC −Q¡M c¤V¡
AåL¡−ll j−dÉ he¢hs¡−ml −Q¡−Ml j−a¡ SÆ−mz −k AåL¡−l AeÉ j¡e¤−ol cª¢ø
Q−m e¡, ¢fPm¡ −pC AåL¡−ll j−dÉJ −cM−a f¡uz ¢fPm¡l −Q¡−Ml ¢c−L
Q¡C−mJ iu f¡u pL−mz''51
¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul ¢nl−h−c−clJ p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤−ol −Q−u üa¿» °h¢n−øÉl
L¡l−Z M¤h pq−SC Bm¡c¡ L−l ¢Q−e −eJu¡ k¡uz KfeÉ¡¢pL QjvL¡li¡−h
¢nl−h−c jq¡−c−hl B¢hiÑ¡−hl ¢hhlZ ¢c−u−Re -- ""ay¡l Lb¡ −no q−a e¡ q−a
O¡phe −b−L −h¢l−u H−p cy¡s¡m −pC jq¡−chz −L¡jl −b−L qy¡V¥ fkÑ¿¹ N¡jR¡l
ja HLg¡¢m −j¡V¡ HLV¡ L¡f−sl BhlZ öd¤, eC−m eNÀ−cq HL heÉ hhÑlz
Nm¡u q¡−a a¡¢hS S¢sh¤¢V HL L¡−m¡ p¤¤−a¡u hy¡d¡, Bl Nm¡u c¤m−R HLN¡¢R
l¦â¡−rl j¡m¡z a¡lJ N¡−u JC EvLV a£hË Nåz hªÜ ah¤ −m¡LV¡ M¡s¡ −p¡S¡z
−cqM¡e¡ −ke nÉ¡Jm¡-dl¡ A¢a fË¡Q£e HLV¡ f¡b−ll −cJu¡m, L¡m−Q ph¤S
nÉ¡Jm¡u −R−u ¢N−u−R, LaL¡−ml nÉ¡Jm¡l Ù¹−ll Ef−l nÉ¡Jm¡l Ù¹lz ¢L¿¹¥
HMeJ nš² AV¥V l−u−Rz''52

326
 a−h "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' EfeÉ¡−p −h−c pÇfËc¡u Hhw ¢LR¥ j§m
Se−N¡ù£l j¡e¤oSe b¡L−mJ Hl¡ ph¡C ¢e×fËi q−u f−s, k¢c EfeÉ¡p¢V −b−L
¢qSm he J py¡a¡m£ NË¡−jl B¢c-jdÉk¤N£u B−m¡-Byd¡¢lf§ZÑ −l¡j¡’Ll fËL«¢a−L
p¢l−u −eJu¡ k¡uz pjNË EfeÉ¡−pC HC A’m¢V a¡l pjÙ¹ °h¢nøÉpq p¡j¢NËL
fËi¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L−l−Rz A’m¢Vl h¡C−l HC j¡e¤o…¢ml A¢Ù¹aÆ −Lje a¡ HL¢V
cªø¡¿¹ ¢c−mC Øfø quz KfeÉ¡¢pL J−cl Sh¡e£−aC b¡e¡-f¤¢mn pÇf−LÑ
h¢m−u−Re -- "b¡e¡-f¤¢mn k−jl h¡s¡, El¡ h¡h¡ p¡r¡v h¡Oz −cM¢m f−lC
fl¡eV¡ My¡Q¡R¡s¡ quÉ¡ k¡u Nz''53 a¡C EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o e¡…W¡L¥−ll −Qm¡-
Q¡j¤™¡−cl q¡−a py¡a¡m£ Ny¡ f¤−s −N−m H−cl A¢Ù¹aÆ pˆ−V f−s−Rz −nofkÑ¿¹
¢ho-−h−cl¡J OlR¡s¡ q−u k¡k¡h−l f¢lZa q−u−Rz a¡C hm¡ k¡u −k, EfeÉ¡p¢V
−b−L −L¡ei¡−hC ¢qSm ¢hm J py¡a¡m£−L p¢l−u −eJu¡ k¡u e¡; p¢l−u ¢e−m
EfeÉ¡p¢V a¡l B−eL ¢LR¥C q¡¢l−u −g−mz HSeÉC HC l¡−tl HC A’m¢V
EfeÉ¡−p a¡l A¢eh¡kÑ fËi¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L−l e¡u−Ll i¨¢jL¡u Aha£ZÑ q−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mL fËL«¢a-f¢l−h−nl ¢e¢l−M ¢Q¢œa j¡e¤oS−el S£he
f¢lœ²j¡l ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZJ l−u−Rz py¡a¡m£ Ny¡−ul j¡e¤oS−el p¡f ¢e−uC pjÙ¹
L¡lh¡lz Hl¡ p¡f−L a¡−cl S£h−el A‰ ¢q−p−hC i¡−hz a¡C p¡−fl fËL«¢a,
j−e¡i¡h ph¢LR¥C −ke Hl¡ h¤T−a f¡−lz Hl¡ −ke p¡−fl p−‰ Lb¡J h−mz a¡C
¢qSm ¢h−ml f¡nÄÑhaÑ£ h−e HL¢V L¡−m¡ p¡f−L d−l HL −h−c LeÉ¡l A¢ihÉ¢š²
Hl©f -- ""¢Mm¢Mm q¡¢pl p−‰ −j−u¢V −L¡e −L±a¥−L −q−p −ke −i−P fs−Rz
q¡¢pl −n−o a¡l Lb¡ −n¡e¡ −Nm -- C−l h¡h¡−l, C−l h¡e¡pÚ! j¤C L¥b¡−L k¡h
−l! −N¡p¡ L¢l−R −N¡, −j¡l L¡me¡¢Ne£l −N¡p¡ qmÚ−R −N¡! C−l h¡h¡ −l, gy¥p¡¢e
−cM −N¡!''54 p¡f−L ¢e−u L¡lh¡l Ll¡ py¡a¡m£ Ny¡−ul ¢ho-−h−c−cl L−W¡l S£he
pwNË¡−jl j−dÉ ¢c−uC S£hef−b H−N¡−a quz N‰¡l heÉ¡l Sm ¢qSm ¢h−m Y¥−L
fs−m a¡−cl c¤cÑn¡l p£j¡ b¡−L e¡z heÉ¡l Sm −e−j −N−m H−cl S£he Bh¡l
ü¡i¡¢hL R−¾c −g−lz KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""N‰¡u heÉ¡ B−pz O¡phe X¥−h
k¡u, ¢qSm ¢hm Bl N‰¡u HL q−u k¡u, py¡a¡m£ Ny¡ S−m −X¡−h, j¡Q¡…¢m

327
−S−N b¡−L, -- h−s¡ heÉ q'−m a¡J −X¡−hz aMe −N−m −cM−a f¡−h T¡EN¡−Rl
−im¡l Efl, −R¡−V¡ −R¡−V¡ −e±L¡l Efl ¢ho-−h−cl¡ −pC A°b heÉ¡l j−dÉ
i¡p−Rz heÉ¡l Sm −e−j k¡u, j¡¢V S¡−N, ¢i−S f'¢ml BÙ¹lZ f−s k¡u, ¢ho-
−h−cl¡ −e±L¡ Hhw −im¡l Efl −b−L −e−j B−p j¡Q¡l Efl f¢m L¡c¡
f¢l×L¡l L−lz −cJu¡−ml M'−p-fs¡ L¡c¡l BÙ¹lZ Bh¡l m¡N¡u, −R¡V
−R−m−j−ul¡ L¡c¡ −Oy−V j¡R d−l, Ly¡Ls¡ d−lz h−s¡l¡ −chc¡l¦ N¡−R ByL¢n
m¡¢N−u öL−e¡ L¡W −i−P B−e, ¢h−m gy¡c −f−a qy¡p d−l, …mÚ¢a R¥−sJ −j−l
B−e, Bh¡l py¡a¡m£l O−l O−l Ee¡−el −dy¡u¡ J−W, J−cl OlLæ¡ Bh¡l öl¦
q−u k¡uz''55
HCpju −b−LC ¢ho-−h−c−cl p¡f dl¡l L¡S öl¦ qu -- ""¢qSm ¢h−ml
Q¡¢l f¡−n T¡E-−chc¡l¦l EyQ¥ X¡−m, j¡b¡u -- heÉ¡u −i−p H−p e¡e¡e dl−el
p¡−fl¡ BnËu −eu, Jl¡ −pC p¡f −c−M −c−M fË¡u −h−R −h−R d−l Ty¡¢f −h¡T¡C
L−lz J−cl a£rÁ cª¢ø H¢s−u −k−a f¡−l Hje p¡f pª¢ø−a e¡Cz''56 hoÑ¡l Sm
−e−j k¡Ju¡l fl S£h−el ü¡i¡¢hL R¾c ¢g−l H−m i¡−âl −n−o e¡Nf’j£−a
j¡-¢hoq¢ll f§S¡ L−l ¢ho-−h−cl¡ −cn-¢h−c−n a¡−cl pgl öl¦ L−l --
e¡e¡dl−el hª¢šl j¡dÉ−j ¢e−S−cl S£¢hL¡ ¢ehÑ¡q L−lz H fËp−‰ hm¡ q−u−R --
""i¡−âl −n−o e¡Nf’j£−a j¡-¢hoq¢ll f§−S¡ −no L'−l J−cl pgl öl¦ quz .
. . ¢ho-−h−cl¡J −hl qu -- a¡−cl L¥m-hÉhp¡−uz q¡Plj¤M£, L¥j£lM¡m¡, qy¡pM¡¢m
−h−u p¡¢l p¡¢l ¢ho-−h−c−cl −e±L¡ H−p f−s j¡-N‰¡l S−mz −e±L¡−a p¡−fl
Ty¡¢f, l¡æ¡l qy¡¢s, −Mm¡-−cM¡h¡l hy¡cl-R¡Nm Bl j¡e¤oz öd¤ ¢ho-−h−cl¡C eu -
- AeÉ AeÉ k¡l¡ S¡a−h−c a¡l¡J −hl qu LaL −e±L¡u, LaL qy¡V¡f−b --
i¡l Ly¡−dz HC pgl J−cl L¥mfËb¡, S¡¢adjÑz . . . p¡f-p¡¢fe£ j¡−W j¡−W h¡
ec£-e¡m¡l L¨−ml N−aÑ N−aÑ på¡e L'−l dl−a −hl quz −cn-−cn¡¿¹l −O¡−l,
hy¡d¡ L¢hl¡S jn¡u−cl Ol B−R, −pCM¡−e ¢N−u ay¡−cl −Q¡−Ml p¡j−e
L¡me¡¢Ne£l ¢ho −N−m ¢h¢œ² L−l; NË¡−j NË¡−j NªqÙÛ−cl O−l −Mm¡ −cM¡u --
p¡−fl e¡Qe, R¡Nm-hy¡c−ll −Mm¡z −c¢M−u −c¢M−u Q−m HL NË¡j −b−L Bl HL

328
NË¡j, HL −Sm¡ −b−L Bl HL −Sm¡ -- j¡−pl fl j¡p −L−V k¡u, a¡lfl
HL¢ce Bh¡l O−ll ¢c−L −g−lz''57
p¡−fl j¤M −b−L ¢ho pwNËq L−l ¢h¢œ² Ll¡J H−cl fup¡ Ef¡SÑ−el
HLV¡ ¢cLz HC EfeÉ¡−p −pC ¢ho pwNË−ql f¢lQuJ B−Rz ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S
HC ¢ho pwNË−ql ¢hhl−Z h−m−R -- ""a¡−ml f¡a¡ Bl ¢Te¤−Ll −M¡m¡z −k
¢Te¤L f¤L¥−l −j−m −pC ¢Te¤Lz a¡−ml f¡a¡ de¤−Ll ¢Rm¡l j−a¡ V¡e L−l −hy−d
d−l HLSe, Bl HLSe p¡−fl −Q¡u¡m ¢V−f qy¡ L¢l−u d−lz ¢Te¤LV¡ −cu
j¤−Ml j−dÉ f¤−l, ¢hocy¡a c¤¢V ¢hy−d k¡u JC a¡mf¡a¡l hy¡d−ez a¡mf¡a¡l
d¡l−m¡ LlL−l fË¡¿¹i¡−Nl Q¡f f−s ¢h−ol b¢m−a, J¢c−L ¢hocy¡a ¢hy−d b¡L¡l
ü¡i¡¢hL ¢œ²u¡u cy¡−al e¡m£ −h−u ¢ho Vf Vf L'−l f−s JC ¢Te¤−Ll −M¡m¡uz
HjeC −L±nm J−cl −k ¢h−ol −no ¢h¾c¥¢V fkÑ¿¹ T'−l fs−hz a¡lfl p¡fV¡
k¡u Ty¡¢f−a, ¢Te¤−Ll ¢ho k¡u pl−ol −a−m il¡ L¢hl¡−Sl f¡−œz S−ml Efl
−a−ml j−a¡, −a−ml Efl ¢ho R¢s−u f'−s i¡−pz e¡ q'−m h¡a¡−pl pwØf−nÑ
S'−j k¡u h¡h¡z''58 AhnÉ HC ¢ho-−h−c−cl pj¡−S EµQÙÛ¡e f¡Ju¡l Lb¡ ¢Rmz
a−h a¡l¡ −qm¡u a¡ fËaÉ¡MÉ¡e L−l ihO¤−l k¡k¡h−ll S£he −h−R ¢e−u−Rz
¢nhl¡−jl ¢hhlZ Ae¤k¡u£ -- ""deÄ¿¹¢ll ¢npÉ ¢ho°h−cÉl¡ pj¡−S Bpe −fa,
Bcl −fa, pÇj¡e −fa -- AµR¥v ¢Rm e¡, ¢hoOÀ ma¡ °f−al j−a¡ fl−a −fa
Nm¡uz ah¤ a¡l¡ ¢Rm ¢hh¡N£ h¡Em; ¢ho-¢Q¢Lvp¡u j§mÉ e¡C -- Aj§mÉ H ¢hcÉ¡,
de−m¡i£l H ¢hcÉ¡ ¢e×gm, a¡l¡ c¢rZ¡ ¢ea e¡, j§mÉ ¢ea e¡ -- ¢ea kvp¡j¡eÉ
c¡ez''59
¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul S£he-f¢lœ²j¡u e¡l£l¡J …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ NËqZ
L−lz ¢nl−h−cl¡ a¡−cl Efl Ls¡ ¢h¢d¢e−od B−l¡f L−lz H pÇf−LÑ ¢nhl¡j
S¡¢e−u−R -- ""påÉ¡u ¢nh¡l−hl fl −k −h−cl −j−u Ny¡−ul h¡ BÙ¹¡e¡l h¡C−l
lCm, a¡l O−l fË−hn¡¢dL¡l lCm e¡z A¿¹a −p l¡¢œl ja lCm e¡z f−ll ¢ce
pL¡−m a¡−L p¡r£p¡h¤c ¢e−u ¢nl−h−cl pÇj¥−M H−p cy¡s¡−a q−h, fËj¡Z Ll−a
q−h -- −p p−åÉl pju fkÑ¿¹ −L¡−e¡j−aC Ol fkÑ¿¹ fb A¢aœ²j Ll−a f¡−l
e¡C Hhw p−åÉl pj−uC −p BnËu ¢e−u¢Rm −L¡−e¡ pvNªq−ÙÛl O−l, −L¡−e¡
329
Afl¡−d −p Afl¡¢de£ euz a−h −p f¡u O−l Y¥L−az fËj¡−Z HaV¥L¥ My¥a −hl
q'−m ¢c−a qu S¢lj¡e¡z Hl Efl −M−a qu −h−cl fËq¡lz''60 a−h Ha
L−lJ e¡l£−cl BV−L l¡M¡ k¡u e¡z ¢nhl¡−jl ¢hhlZ Ae¤k¡u£ -- ""−h−cl
L−eÉl m¡S e¡C, nlj e¡C, −h−cl L−eÉl dlj e¡C, −h−cl L−eÉl O−ll j¡u¡
e¡C; −h−cl L−eÉ −h¢ce£ A¢hnÄ¡¢pe£z l£¢aQ¢la a¡l m¡−Nl L−eÉ m¡¢Ne£l
jaez l¡a m¡N¢m, Byd¡l e¡j¢m −Q¡−M −en¡ m¡−N, h¤−Ll ¢ialV¡ −a¡mf¡s
L'−l m¡¢Ne£l jae pep¢e−u Q−m, gZ¡ a¥−m m¡−Qz −p m¡Qe −k −c−M −p
pwp¡l i¥−m k¡uz''61 a¡C j¡−T j¡−TC l¡¢œl Byd¡−l H−cl −Q¡−M-j−e "¢e¢nl
−en¡' d−lz Bl HLh¡l "¢e¢nl −en¡' dl−m lr¡ b¡−L e¡z HV¡C e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l
jªaÉ¥−k¡Nz KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""l¡¢œl Byd¡l a¡l −Q¡−M-j−e ¢e¢nl −en¡
d¢l−u −cuz "¢e¢nl −en¡' ¢e¢nl X¡−Ll −Q−uJ iuˆlz ¢e¢nl X¡L j¡e¤o S£h−e
−n¡−e L¡m-L¢Øj−ez "¢e¢nl −en¡' −l¡S ¢eaÉ-¢eu¢ja X¡−L j¡e¤o−Lz . . .
e¡¢Ne£J f¡Nm q−u k¡uz ¢hnÄhËþ¡™ i¥−m k¡uz i¥−m k¡u j¡-¢hoq¢ll ¢e−cÑn,
i¥−m k¡u −hým¡l A¢in¡−fl L¡¢qe£, i¥−m k¡u a¡l ¢e−Sl nf−bl Lb¡z
−h−c−cl ¢nl−h−cl n¡pe i¥−m k¡u, j¡epÇj¡e f¡f-f¤ZÉ ph i¥−m k¡u; i¥−m
¢N−u −p Ol −R−s e¡−j f−bz a¡lfl JC Oe O¡ph−el ¢ial ¢c−u Q−m --
pepe L'−l L¡me¡¢Ne£l j−a¡C Q−mz pjÙ¹ l¡¢œ EcÚï¡−¿¹l j−a¡ −O¡−l; . . .
l¡¢œl fl l¡¢œ −O¡−l e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡z HL¢ce −h¢l−u H−m Bl ¢eÙ¹¡l e¡Cz −l¡S
l¡−œ ¢e¢nl −en¡ dl−h, −ke Q¥−ml j¤−W¡ d'−l −V−e ¢e−u k¡−hz HL e¡¢Ne£
L−eÉ−L d−l¢Rm HC −en¡ -- a¡l fË¡Z ¢N−u¢Rm h¡−Ol j¤−Mz HL e¡¢Ne£ L−eÉl
−cq f¡Ju¡ ¢N−u¢Rm ¢h−ml S−mz . . . c¤C ¢aeSe f¡Nm q−u ¢N−u¢Rmz . . .
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e¡¢Ne£ d−jÑl A−j¡O ¢e−cÑ−n fËp−hl f−lC eM ¢c−u Vy¥¢V ¢V−f p¿¹¡e−L qaÉ¡

330
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f¡me Ll−aC q−hz ¢e×L«¢a −L¡b¡u? ¢e×L«¢a −L¡b¡u? djÑ O¡−s d'−l Ll¡−h −k!
¢e¢nl −en¡ -- e¡¢Ne£ L−eÉl jªaÉ¥−k¡Nz''62
"e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' EfeÉ¡−p Cpm¡j£−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul E−õM b¡L−mJ
a¡−cl djÑ¡Ql−Zl −L¡−e¡ R¢h −eCz HC EfeÉÉ¡−p fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h Nªq£a py¡a¡m£l
−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul −m¡LS−el¡ ¢q¾c¥djÑj−a ¢hnÄ¡p£z H−cl pÇf−LÑ X. nË£L¥j¡l
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qCu¡J Eq¡l fË¡¿¹−cn-pwmNÀ, −pCl©f Eq¡−cl djÑpwú¡−ll SNv BkÑdjÑ qC−a
fªbL, AbQ BkÑdjÑ¡e¤p¡l£ ¢eSü f¤l¡ZLÒfe¡ J EáV ¢Lwhc¿¹£pjh¡−u l¢Qa
qCu¡−Rz''63 a¡C H−cl −cha¡ f¢lLÒfe¡u BkÑ-Ae¡kÑ c¤C pwú«¢alC ¢jnËZ
mr Ll¡ k¡uz HL¢c−L Hl¡ −kje −f±l¡¢ZL ¢n−hl Bl¡de¡ L−l, −aj¢e H−cl
djÑ¡Ql−Z A¢eh¡kÑi¡−h Q−m B−p Ae¡−kÑl −m±¢LL −ch£ j¡ jep¡ AbÑ¡v ¢hoq¢lz
Bl¡dÉ HC c¤C −ch-−ch£ ¢e−u e¡e¡ A−m±¢LL NÒfJ a−cl j−dÉ fËQ¢ma B−Rz
KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡l¡nˆl ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡−Sl Sh¡e£−a h−m−Re -- ""−h−cL¥−ml j¡
hm−a ¢hoq¢l, −h−c−cl AeÉ j¡ e¡Cz L¡m£ e¡, c¤NÑ¡ e¡ -- −LE e¡z −h−c−cl
h¡f hm−a ¢nhz ¢n−hl j¡ep −b−L j¡-¢hoq¢ll Sej N! fcÈh−el j−dÉ ¢n−hl
j−el −b−L SeÈ ¢eu¡ fcÈf¡−al j−dÉ d£−l d£−l j¡ h−s¡ quÉ¡ EW−mez j¡−ul
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−en¡ qu e¡, a¡C ¢n−hl L−eÉ fcÈh−e fcÈjd¤ f¡e Ll−me, −pC L−eÉl L−ã --
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q−me ¢Qlk¤ha£z''64 HCi¡−h −f±l¡¢ZL ¢nh J −m±¢LL j¡ ¢hoq¢ll Bl¡de¡
L−lC py¡a¡m£l ¢ho-−h−cl¡ ¢e−S−cl djÑ£u S£he A¢ah¡¢qa L−lz
HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢qSm ¢hm f¡nÄÑÙÛ py¡a¡m£ N¡y−ul B¢c-jdÉk¤N£u B−m¡-
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331
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HC j¡ ¢hoq¢ll f§S¡l ¢hhlZ Hl©f -- ""BS i¡−âl −no e¡Nf’j£z ¢hoq¢ll
Bl¡de¡ Ll−R ¢ho-−h−cl¡z BS J−cl −nËù Evphz Evph q−µR ¢hoq¢ll
BP−e−az f§S¡ q−u ¢N−u−R ¢c−e, HMe q−µR N¡ez −N¡V¡ f¡s¡ N¡−el Bp−l
H−p h−p−R, ph¡C N¡C−R N¡ez −j−u f¤l¦o ph¡Cz''65 HC j¡ ¢hoq¢l a¡−cl
S£h−e HaV¡C S¢s−u B−R −k, ay¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l ¢ho-−h−cl¡ e¡e¡ −m±¢LL-
A−m±¢LL NÒf °a¢l L−l Hhw −p…¢m ¢hnÄ¡pJ L−lz jep¡j‰m L¡−hÉl Qy¡c
pc¡N−ll BMÉ¡e −b−LC H−cl S£h−e e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l d¡lZ¡l SeÈz HC pÇf−LÑ
¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡−Sl Lb¡ -- ""¢qSm ¢h−m j¡-jep¡l BVez fcÈ¡ha£ ¢qSm h−e
fcÈ-n¡m¤−Ll h−e h¡p¡ −hy−d B−Rez Qy¡−c¡ −h−el p¡a ¢XP¡ jd¤Ll pj¤−âl h¤−L
T−s X¥¢h−u HCM¡−e H−e m¤¢L−u −l−M¢R−mez hª¾c¡h−el L¡m£c−ql L¡m£e¡N
L¡−m¡ W¡L¥−ll c™ j¡b¡u L'−l L¡m£cq −R−s H−p HM¡−eC h¡p¡ −hy−d−Rz
L¡m£e¡N h−m¢Rm -- a¥¢j −a¡ Bj¡−L c™ ¢c−u HM¡e −b−L ¢ehÑ¡pe ¢c−m; ¢L¿¹¥
B¢j k¡h −L¡b¡u h−m¡? W¡L¥l h−m¢R−me -- i¡N£lb£l a£−l ¢qSm ¢hm, −pM¡−e
j¡e¤−ol h¡p e¡C, −pM¡−e k¡Jz''66
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h−m −O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ qaz KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−h−cl O−l −j−ul ¢h−ul L¡m
qu AæfË¡n−el flCz R-j¡p −b−L ¢ae hRl hu−pl j−dÉC ¢h−u q−u k¡uz''67
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quz Hl©f Ù»£−cl j−dÉ −b−LC −LE −LE flhaÑ£ L¡−m e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ qu --
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332
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¢hQ¡lJ B−Rz ¢L¿¹¥ HC ph L−eÉl p¡P¡ −o¡m hR−ll B−N qu e¡z −o¡m hRl
hup fkÑ¿¹ −Q¡M b¡−L HC L−eÉ−cl Jflz''68 HLh¡l −h−c pÇfËc¡−ul −L¡−e¡
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quz H−cl ¢hnÄ¡p e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡−cl ïø q−m Q−m e¡; ah¤J −LE ïø q−u f¡¢m−u
hy¡−Q a−h a¡l Efl j¡-¢hoq¢ll A¢in¡f −e−j B−pz ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S
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k¢c Ol-pwp¡l hy¡−d, −p-k¢c a¡l S¡¢a-djÑ ph aÉ¡N L−l, a−h j¡-¢hoq¢ll
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−S−N J−Wz e¡¢Ne£ −kje ¢e−Sl p¿¹¡e irZ L−l, e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ −ajeC p¿¹¡e
qaÉ¡ L−lz''69 HC ¢hnÄ¡p ¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul pL−ml j−eC cªtz HL¡l−ZC
e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ nhm¡ f¡¢m−u ¢N−u HLSe Cpm¡j£−h−c−L ¢h−u L−l pwp¡l
f¡a−mJ p¿¹¡e d¡lZ Ll−a f¡−l ¢ez
py¡a¡m£ NË¡−jl −h−c−cl ¢hnÄ¡p -- a¡−cl HM¡−e −kje p¡−fl BMs¡,
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pÇf−LÑ HL¢V l©fLb¡ ö¢e−u−R -- ""k¢c ¢hnÄ¡p Ll dlj i¡C, a−h h¤¢m −n¡ez
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333
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M¡Ju¡Cu¡ ¢ch¡, fl¡ZX¡ k¢c ¢am-f¢lj¡ZJ b¡−L, a−h −p fl¡Z−L ¢gl−a q−h,
HL fq−ll j−dÉ js¡l ja j¢e¢oÉ −Q¡M −j−m Q¡C−hz''70
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¢h−no dl−el Jo¤d "p§¢QL¡ilZ' °a¢l L−lez g−m ¢a¢eJ I A’−ml S£h¿¹
fËh¡c q−u J−Wez ay¡lC ¢npÉ ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡Sz ¢nhl¡j h−m−R -- ""d§SÑ¢V
L¢hl¡S−L −m¡−L hma -- p¡r¡v d§SÑ¢V AbÑ¡v ¢n−hl j−a¡ Bu¤−hÑc-f¡l‰jz
d§SÑ¢Vl "p§¢aL¡ilZ' jª−al −c−q Eš¡f p’¡l Llaz −m¡−L h−m -- jªaÉ¥ kMe
H−p q¡a h¡¢s−u−R, aMeJ k¢c d§SÑ¢V L¢hl¡−Sl p§¢QL¡ilZ fË−u¡N Ll¡ q'a,
a−h jªaÉ¥ ¢f¢R−u −ka L−uL f¡, EcÉa q¡a …¢V−u ¢ea ¢LR¥r−Zl SeÉ h¡
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¢LR¥rZ A−fr¡ Llz''71
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Ef¡MÉ¡eJ B−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl HL S¡uN¡u ¢nhl¡j L¢hl¡S ¢nl−h−c jq¡−c−hl
j¤−M −n¡e¡ Hl©f HL¢V Ef¡MÉ¡−el i¨¢jL¡u h−m−R -- ""py¡a¡m£ Ny¡−ul ¢nl−h−c
−pL¡−ml Ef¡MÉ¡e hm−a hm−a e'−s Q'−s J−W h¤−Ll ¢ia−ll B−h−N; −Q¡M
J−cl −R¡V −R¡V -- el¦Z-¢c−u-−Ql¡ mð¡ pl¦ −Q¡MJ ¢hØg¡¢la q−u J−Wz''72
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h¢ZL h¤s¡, ka de£ aa L«fZz h¡¢s−a B−R ¢Næ£, −hV¡ Bl −hV¡l hEz Bl
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dhm£ h¤¢d j‰m¡l f¡mz''73 -- h−m ¢nhl¡−jl p¡j−e NÒf S¥−s ¢c−u−Rz

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L¡¢qe£' EfeÉ¡−p Hl©f A−eL −m±¢LL-A−m±¢LLa¡l −c¡m¡Q−m-f§ZÑ ÙÛ¡e£u
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j¡−el ¢Rm a¡ KfeÉ¡¢pL e¡e¡ p§−œ S¡¢e−u−Rez −h−c−cl M¡cÉ pÇf−LÑ hm¡
q−u−R -- ""Hh¡l ¢nL¡l q−u−R fËQ¥lz Ml−N¡n, pS¡l¦, ¢a¢al A−eL f¡Ju¡
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c¤mÑi euz gy¡c f¡a−mC pl¡¢m qy¡p, Smj¤lN£ f¡Ju¡ k¡u; L¡c¡−My¡Q¡, qy¡¢sQy¡Q¡,
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a¡J j¡l¡ k¡u Ae¡u¡−pz . . . L¡¢aÑL j¡−p ¢qSm ¢h−ml f¢ÕQ−jl j¡W l¢h-
gp−m ph¤S q−u J−Wz Nj, kh, −R¡m¡, j¤p¤¢l, Bm¤, −fyu¡S, lp¤¤e -- q−lL lLj
gpmz gpm f¡L−m −h−cl¡ −pC gpm L¥¢s−u pwNËq L−l, Q¥¢l L'−l pwNËq
L−lz −fyu¡S, lp¤¤e, jp¤¤¢l, a¡l¡ pk−aÀ −l−M −cu HC ¢ce¢Vl SeÉz −fyu¡S lp¤¤e
mˆ¡ j¢lQ ¢c−u f¢lf¡¢V L'−l l¡æ¡ Ll−h j¡wp; BS M¡−h −fV i'−l; L¡m-
flöl SeÉ h¡¢p L'−l −l−M −c−hz h¡¢p j¡wp ly¡d−h jp¤¢¤ l Lm¡C ¢j¢n−uz Hje
Afl©f M¡cÉ ¢L qu!''74 H−cl h¡pÙÛ¡e…¢ml f¢lQu Hl©f -- ""NË¡−jl j¡TM¡−e
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T¡EX¡−ml −hs¡ −hy−d N¡−u f¡am¡ j¡¢Vl fË−mf ¢c−u °a¢l Ll¡ −cJu¡m, a¡l
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EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl −fË¢r−a ¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul ¢eSü
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−eJu¡ k¡L --
e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡ nhm¡l pwm¡f :
1z ""C h¡h¡! C h¡h¡ −N¡! deÄ¿¹¢l h¡h¡! Bf¤¢e −qb¡ −L¡−›−L −N¡! C−l h¡h¡!''
(fª 12)
2z ""mSl a¥l M¡−V¡ qmÚ−R h¤s¡z j¡e¤o ¢Qe−a −c¢l m¡N−Rz E¢V −pC h¡h¡l
p¡−b Bj¡−cl Ny¡−u −NmÚ¢Rm, h¡h¡l p¡L−lc h−V, L¢Q-deÄ¿¹¢lz'' (fª 33)
3z ""h¡h¡ ¢qp¡h L'−l −c−he HL Lm−j, j¤−M j¤−M ¢qp¡h Ll−a a¥−cl p¡l¡¢ce
−L−V k¡−hz ¢L N, hmÚ e¡ −L−e a¥l¡? j¤−M −k ph j¡¢V −m−f ¢c¢m! By?'' (fª
39)
4z ""¢L ¢eh? −h−c h¤s¡ a¥j¡−L h¡LÚ ¢c−R, B¢j −pC h¡LÚ l¡M−a H−p¢Rz V¡L¡
−a¡ j¤C Q¡C e¡C Lhl¡Sz m¡J, h'pz m¡N ¢Qe¡−u ¢cC a¥j¡−Lz'' (fª 60)
336
¢nl−h−c jq¡−c−hl pwm¡f :
1z ""j¡-¢hoq¢ll ýL¥j e¡Cz a¡l pe−c −j¡l¡ Ol hy¡dm¡j −qb¡−L H−pz QÇf¡C
eN−ll d¡−l py¡a¡m£ f¡q¡−s ¢R¢øl B¢cL¡m −b−L h¡p ¢Rm -- n−aL f¤l¦−ol
h¡p -- S¡−a ¢Rm¡j ¢ho°hcÉ -- −p h¡p −NmÚ−R, j¡ mrÈ£ −R−s −NmÚ−Re -- a¡l
hc−m −f−u¢R j¡-¢hoq¢ll pe−c L¡me¡¢Ne£-L−eÉ, j¡-N‰¡l f¢m-fs¡ S¢jl
Jfl HC ea¥e py¡a¡m£ Ny¡−u S¢j, H −R−s −L¡b¡−L k¡h?'' (fª 16)
2z ""HC −c−Me h¡h¡! NseV¡ −c−Me Bl hlZV¡ −c−Mez ¢QL¢Q−L L¡−m¡z HC
−c−Me Q‚¢V −c−Mez −mS¢V −c−Mez'' (fª 38)
3z ""f¡f£l fl¡Z a¥ ¢m¢h, a¥ m¡NL¥−ml l¡Sf¤š¥l, ¢hQ¡−ll i¡l −a¡−l
¢cm¡jz'' (fª 81)
N‰¡l¡−jl pwm¡f :
1z ""H ph −a¡ h¡h¡l L¡−R ma¥e Lb¡ muz C ph −a¡ Bf¤¢eC S¡−eez
L−eÉV¡l H j¢a AÉ¡−eL ¢ce −bLÉ¡C q−u¢Rm h¡h¡ -- AÉ¡−eL ¢ce −bLÉ¡z JC
L−eÉ…m¡−elC JC d¡l¡z'' (fª 73)
2z ""Ly¡El-L¡¢j−r −b−L La cÉ¡−n cÉ¡−n O¤lmj, −S−q−mJ ¢Rmj hRl
Q¡−lLz a¡'f−l−a Hmj, h¢m, −cMÉ¡ B¢p, py¡a¡m£l MhlV¡ ¢euÉ¡ B¢pz'' (fª
89)
3z "" -- LQ¥z E n¡m¡l L¥−e¡ S¡a e¡Cz n¡m¡ −h−cl L−eÉ ¢eu¡ Nl hy¡¢d−h,
El Bl S¡a ¢L−pl?'' (fª 126)
i¡c¤l pwm¡f :
1z ""i¡S hE N, a¥¢j −cM HLh¡lz L−eÉV¡−l X¡Lz'' (fª 79)
2z "" -- Bx j¤M MpÉ¡ k¡−h a¥lz p¡l¡ −h−cf¡s¡ −c−M¢R -- L−eÉl 'f−l BS
Se¤e£l hl qmÚ¢Rmz E ph h¤¢mp e¡ a¥z a¥ −cM¢m e¡ -- a¥l i¡¢NÉz'' (fª 80)
3z ""−q¡b¡−L ¢ho mqj¡l L −k¡Se R¥V−R L−eÉ -- e−ll l−š² e¡−Nl ¢ho f¡bl
quÉ¡ EW−Rz −p f¡b−l fl¡Z-f¤a¥m X¥hÉ¡ −N−m Bl ¢p−hl p¡¢dÉ q−h e¡Cz QmÚ
-- QmÚz −cl£ Ll−m Adlj q−hz'' (fª 100)

337
¢fPm¡l pwm¡f :
1z "" -- S¡¢e ¢amöe¡ −a¡ −M−VC −k¢R, Aj¢e−a, k¡h¡l pju a¥−L ¢cu¡ k¡h
NSj¢al q¡lz °QamrÈ£l Lb¡ kMe S¡¢ep, aMe j¡-mrÈ£ k¡h¡l L¡−m
−hl¡þZ£−L NSj¢al q¡l ¢cu¡ −N¢Rm -- −p Lb¡J −a¡ S¡¢epz'' (fª 103)
2z ""j¤C dlh p¡fz B−e−e B−m¡, B−ee qy¡¢sz b¡LÚ N, −a¡l¡ −q¡b¡C cy¡¢s−u
b¡LÚ, j¤C dlh p¡f -- py¡a¡m£l −h−cl N¡−u q¡a ¢c−he e¡z Afj¡e Ll−he
e¡z'' (fª 106)
3z ""Mhlc¡l! W¡L¥l k¡ h¢m−R −p Bfe Lb¡ h¢m−R! j¤C k¡C e¡Cz karZ
j¡−ul B−cn e¡ ¢jm−h j¤C k¡h e¡z −hl¡þZ−L fb −cz'' (fª 130)
4z ""deÄ¿¹l£ i¡C, a¥j¡l L¡−R j¤C ¢LR¥ −N¡fe Llh e¡, fl¡−el Lb¡…m¡e
h¤−Ll ¢ia−l …j¤lÉ¡ …j¤lÉ¡ −LycÉ¡ p¡l¡ q'−m¡z c¤x−Ml i¡N£ BfeSe¡l L¡−R
e¡-hmÉ¡ n¡¢¿¹ e¡Cz a¥j¡−l pLm Lb¡C LC, öez qJ a¥¢j jlc j¡e¤o, ah¤ a¥¢j
Bj¡l dlj-i¡Cz j−e m¡−N, −ke La Se−jl Bfe −bLÉ¡J BfeSe¡z h¢m
öe i¡Cz . . .'' (fª 131)
HC lLj ASpË B’¢mL Efi¡o¡l pwm¡f HC EfeÉ¡−pl Q¢lœ−cl
j¤−M a¡l¡nˆl hÉhq¡l L−l−Rez HC pwm¡f…¢ml ¢c−L HLV¥ cª¢ø ¢c−mC Øfø
qu −k, H…¢m l¡t£ Efi¡o¡ −b−L Eá¨a q−mJ e¡e¡ ¢cL −b−LC üa¿» l©f
d¡lZ L−l−Rz
HR¡s¡J py¡a¡m£l ¢ho-−h−c pÇfËc¡−ul S£h−el p−‰ k¤š² −hn ¢LR¥ N¡eJ
KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡l¡nˆl HC EfeÉ¡−pl A¿¹i¥Ñš² L−l−Rez e£−Q HC N¡e…¢ml
L−uL¢V EÜ«a Ll¡ qm --

1z ""Su ¢hoq¢l N! Su ¢hoq¢l!

Qy¡−c¡ h−e c™ ¢cm
−a¡j¡l L«f¡u a¢l N!
A -- N! . . . ''(fª 16)

338
2z ""a¥l¡ M¡p −N¡ p¤¤d¡l jd¤ −j¡l¡ M¡Ch ¢ho N!
A -- N!
a¥−cl O−ll L¡mpfÉ −j¡−cl Nm¡ ¢cp N!
A -- N!'' (fª 17)

3z ""S−m −i−p k¡u −p¡e¡l Ljm¡z

q¡u N! q¡u N!
L¢We e¡¢Ne£ −a¡l cu¡ q'−m¡ e¡!
q¡u N! q¡u N!'' (fª 25)

4z ""m¡−Q¡ m¡−Q¡ Bj¡l L¡me¡¢Ne£ L−eÉ N!

A-N!
c¤ú¥ Bj¡l −p¡e¡ qCm a¥ j¡¢e−Ll S−eÉ N!
A-N!'' (fª 28)

5z ""−kje h¡h¤l Qy¡−c¡ j¤−M¡

−aj¢e ¢hc¡u f¡h Nz
−he¡lp£l n¡¢s flÉ¡
−m−Q −m−Q k¡h N!. . .'' (fª 43)

6z ""ElÚlÚ -- q¡u q¡u, m¡−S j¢l,

Bj¡l jlZ LÉ¡−e qu e¡ q¢l!
Bj¡l f¢al jlZ p¡−fl ¢h−o
Bj¡l jlZ ¢L−p N!. . .'' (fª 44)

7z ""hyd¤ a¥¢j, BCmÉ¡ −k¡N£l hÉ¡−nz

q¡u -- AhnÉ¡−o!

339
 jlZ Bj¡l q¡u N -- jlZ
mue-S−m −d¡u¡C QlZ
pka−e j¤R¡−u ¢c Bj¡l L¡−m¡ LÉ¡−n!. . .''(fª 93)

8z ""e¡¢Ne£ a¥C gy¥¢pp e¡

J L¡m¡j¤M£ e¡¢Ne£ −m¡ -- Hje LlÉ¡ gy¥¢pp e¡z. . .''(fª 97)

EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HClLj A−eL N¡eC B−Rz Hl j−dÉ ¢LR¥ N¡e jep¡j‰m

−b−L −eJu¡ q−mJ −h¢nl i¡N N¡e a¡l¡nˆl EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢V Hhw
−pM¡eL¡l −h−c pÇfËc¡−ul S£he f¢lœ²j¡l fË¢a cª¢ø −l−MC lQe¡ L−l−Rez a¡C
B’¢mL −fËr¡f−Vl ¢i¢š−a −mM¡ HC N¡e…¢mJ EfeÉ¡−p pgm pw−k¡Se h−m
¢h−h¢Qa quz
HCi¡−h Ae¤på¡e Q¡¢m−u a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l
L¡¢qe£' EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mLa¡l A−eL mrZC My¥−S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz g−m
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p hm−aJ ¢àd¡ b¡−L e¡z h¡wm¡
EfeÉ¡−pl ¢h¢nø pj¡−m¡QLl¡J Hl B’¢mLa¡l °h¢nøÉ fË¡u −j−eC ¢e−u−Rez
X. nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u pl¡p¢l HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p e¡ hm−mJ
fËL¡l¡¿¹−l Hl B’¢mLa¡ djÑ−L ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡u
¢a¢e h−m−Re -- ""EfeÉ¡p¢V fËL«¢a-f¢l−hn, pj¡S fVi¨¢jL¡, A−m±¢LL pwú¡l
J ¢hnÄ¡−pl phÑhÉ¡¢faÆ, OVe¡¢heÉ¡p J Q¢lœ f¢lLÒfe¡ -- HC fy¡Q¢V Ef¡c¡−el
p¡bÑL pjh¡−u HL¢V Af§hÑ Ahuh-OeaÆ J N£¢aL¢ha¡p¤¤mi ¢e¢hs p¤¤lp‰¢a
ASÑe L¢lu¡−Rz ¢qSm ¢h−ml Oe L¡nhe J n−ll −T¡f, Eq¡l a£lÙÛ BlZÉ
S¢Vma¡, ¢qwpË fö J pfÑpˆ¥ma¡, Eq¡l fö-fr£l AiÉÙ¹ pwú¡l J p−ˆaju
N¢a¢h¢d −k lqpÉ¢hi£¢oL¡ju fVi¨¢jL¡ E−eÈ¡Qe L−l pjÙ¹ L¡¢qe£¢V a¡q¡l p−‰
HL p¤¤−l hy¡d¡z''77 pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£'l
B’¢mLa¡l djÑ−L fË¡u ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u−Rez a−h ¢a¢e "qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll
EfLb¡'l −Q−u Hl B’¢mLa¡−L HL L−l −cM¡−a e¡ −Q−u h−m−Re -- "" . . .
340
"qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll EfLb¡' J "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' B’¢mL q−uJ c¤C ¢iæ
S¡−al EfeÉ¡pz''78 Hk¤−Nl ¢h¢nø Lb¡p¡¢q¢aÉL J p¡¢qaÉ pj¡−m¡QL …Zju
j¡æ¡ "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£'l B’¢mLa¡−L ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u h−m−Re --
""e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' pð−å fËbj cª¢øf¡−aC c¤¢V ¢S¢ep −Q¡−M f−sz fËbja,
−mML i¡N£lb£ a£lhaÑ£ pfÑ-AdÉ¥¢oa ¢qSm ¢hm−L ay¡l EfeÉ¡−pl fVi¨¢j
¢q−p−h NËqZ L−l−Re Hhw ¢àa£ua, EfeÉ¡−pl k¡ fËd¡e cªnÉfV a¡l L¥n£mh
¢q−p−h −h−R ¢e−u−Re JC ¢qSm ¢h−ml A¢dh¡p£ −h−c pj¡−Sl ele¡l£−Lz . . .
HC ph −i±−N¡¢mL fË¡L«¢aL A’m Hhw a¡l ¢h¢Qœ ele¡l£l¡ nql −b−L c§−ll
−a¡ h−VC, Nsfsa¡ −m¡L-j¡e−plJ h¡C−lz fËQ¢ma f¢li¡o¡u k¡−L h−m
B’¢mLa¡, HC EfeÉ¡−p a¡lC ¢ecnÑe f¡Ju¡ k¡uz''79 a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u
S£he J p¡¢qaÉ pÇf¢LÑa ¢h¢nø N−hoL −N±l−j¡qe l¡−ul Lb¡−aC
B’¢mLa¡l ¢cL¢V Øfø quz ¢a¢e h−m−Re -- ""¢h−no A’−ml −h−c−cl
S£heC −k H EfeÉ¡−pl ¢houhÙ¹¥ −pLb¡ Lb¡L¡l −kje fË¢aj§q¨−aÑ j−e l¡−Me
−ajeC f¡W−Ll f−r −p Lb¡ ¢hØj«a qJu¡ p¤¤L¢Wez A−¿¹Éh¡p£ −h−c pj¡−Sl
S¡a üi¡h hZÑe¡u, Q¢l−œl p−‰ a¡l pw−k¡S−e Hhw Ae¡¢hm h¢mù fËL¡−nl
cªta¡u "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£'l A¢dL¡wn fªù¡C AaÉ¥‹Æmz''80
p¤¤al¡w HLb¡ −j−e ¢e−a ¢àd¡ −eC −k, h¡wm¡ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl
f¢l−fË¢r−a a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£'−L p¡bÑL EfeÉ¡p
hm¡C k¡uz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V a¡l B’¢mLa¡l djÑpq h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V
AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ pw−k¡Se h−m −j−e ¢e−aC quz "e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£'
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ja pfÑ AdÉ¥¢oa −L¡−e¡ A’m Hhw Hl©f −h−c pj¡−Sl ¢hÙ¹¡¢la
¢hhlZ −L¢¾cÊL EfeÉ¡pJ M¤h HLV¡ −cM¡ k¡u e¡z
Hh¡−l a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
B’¢mLa¡ Bj¡−cl B−m¡Qe¡u Bp−hz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V 1953 ¢MËØV¡−ë
fËL¡¢na quz HM¡−e KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢hn na−Ll Q¢õn-
f’¡−nl cn−Ll −fË¢r−a l¡th−‰l ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l p¡j¢NËLl©f−L AaÉ¿¹
h¡Ù¹hpÇjai¡−h a¥−m dl¡l −Qø¡ L−l−Rez h¡wm¡l pj¡S-AbÑe£¢a ab¡
341
l¡Se£¢a−a ¢hn na−Ll Q¢õn-f’¡−nl cnL AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ pjuz i¡lah−oÑ
Cw−lS−cl BNj−el fl 1853 ¢MËØV¡−ë −lmfb ¢ejÑ¡−Zl jdÉ ¢c−u −k k¿»
piÉa¡l k¤−Nl p§Qe¡ qu, HL na−Ll j−dÉC −pC k¿»piÉa¡l fËi¡h phÑœ
fs−a öl¦ L−lz HC pjuL¡−ml j−dÉ HL¢c−L −kje h¡wm¡l NË¡j£Z S£h−e
fË¡Q£eL¡m −b−L Q−m Bp¡ L«¢o ¢i¢šL p¡j¿¹a¡¢¿»L pj¡ShÉhÙÛ¡ ¢hc¡u ¢e−a
öl¦ L−l, −aj¢e p¡sð−l fy¥¢S ¢eu¢¿»a dea¡¢¿»L pj¡ShÉhÙÛ¡ H−p a¡l S¡uN¡
cMm Ll−a öl¦ L−lz f§−hÑ h¡P¡¢ml NË¡j£Z S£h−e p¡j¿¹fËi¥ S¢jc¡l J a¡l
−m¡LSeC −no Lb¡ ¢Rm; p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤−ol S£hek¡œ¡ L«¢oL¡S−L ¢i¢š L−lC
H−N¡az pj¡−S ¢h¢iæ hª¢šl j¡e¤−ol¡J a¡−cl nË−jl ¢h¢ej−u L«¢oS gpm−LC
f¡¢lnË¢jL ¢qp−h NËqZ Llaz aMe S¢jc¡l J a¡l LjÑQ¡l£−cl −n¡oZ b¡L−mJ
pL−ml S£he L«¢oS gp−ml Efl ¢eiÑln£m b¡L¡u j¡e¤−o j¡e¤−o f¡lØf¢lL
pqj¢jÑa¡J k−bø f¢lj¡−Z ¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ f¢lhaÑ−el fl p¡j¿¹fËi¥l¡ Bs¡−m Q−m
k¡u Hhw a¡−cl S¡uN¡ cMm Ll−a öl¦ L−l Bd¤¢eL fy¥¢Sf¢a LmL¡lM¡e¡l
j¡¢m−Ll¡z Bl p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤o L«oL −b−L nË¢j−L l©f¡¿¹¢la q−a öl¦ L−lz
a¡−cl q¡−a fËQ¥l Ly¡Q¡ V¡L¡ Q−m B−p, k¡l A¢eh¡kÑ f¢lZ¡−j ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ
pqj¢jÑa¡J Ed¡J q−a b¡−Lz ph¢LR¥l j§mÉ¡ue A−bÑl j¡dÉ−jC ¢eZÑu Ll¡l
fËhZa¡ öl¦ quz HC pjuL¡−ml j−dÉC h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡lah−oÑ phÑ−r−œ fËQ¥l
ea¥e ea¥e k¿»f¡¢al hÉhq¡l fËQ¢ma quz Hl −YE H−c−nl ¢Q¢Lvp¡hÉhÙÛ¡−aJ
H−p m¡−Nz
QlL-p¤¤nË¥−al −cn i¡lah−oÑ hý fË¡Q£eL¡m −b−LC HL¢V AaÉ¿¹ pjªÜ
¢Q¢Lvp¡hÉhÙÛ¡ fËQ¢ma ¢Rmz N¡R-N¡Rs¡ ¢eiÑl HC ¢Q¢Lvp¡hÉhÙÛ¡u e¡s£−cM¡,
Smfs¡, e¡e¡ dl−el j¤¢ø−k¡N, ¢h¢iæ −V¡VL¡l hÉhq¡l AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆ −faz NË¡j
pj¡−S ¢Q¢LvpL ¢q−p−h L¢hl¡S, q¡¢Lj, °hcÉ fËj¤M−cl AaÉ¿¹ pj¡cl ¢Rmz
H−cl q¡aknC j¡e¤−ol −l¡N ¢eZÑ−ul p−hÑ¡šj fÜ¢a ¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ BW¡−l¡-E¢en
naL −b−LC CE−l¡−fl ¢Q¢Lvp¡hÉhÙÛ¡u Bj§m f¢lhaÑe B−pz ¢h¢iæ −l¡−Nl
SeÉ −kje e¡e¡ ea¥e ea¥e Jo¤d B¢h×L«a q−a öl¦ L−l, −aj¢e −l¡N ¢eZÑ−ul
SeÉ ¢h¢iæ dl−el k¿»f¡¢a ¢e¢jÑa q−a öl¦ L−lz Cw−lS−cl q¡a d−l HCph

342
k¿»f¡¢a h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡lah−oÑJ fË−hn L−lz g−m ¢hn na−Ll öl¦ −b−LC
h¡wm¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡−aJ f¢lhaÑ−el −Ry¡u¡ m¡−Nz HM¡−eJ q¡¢Lj, L¢hl¡S,
°hcÉ−cl ÙÛ¡e ¢e−a öl¦ L−l Bd¤¢eL ¢nr¡u ¢n¢ra X¡š²¡−ll¡z Bl e¡s£−cM¡,
Smfs¡, e¡e¡ dl−el j¤¢ø−k¡N, ¢h¢iæ −V¡VL¡l f¢lh−aÑ H„ −l, lš² fl£r¡,
jm-j§œ-Lg fl£r¡l ja ¢S¢ep…−m¡l hÉhq¡l hÉ¡fLi¡−h öl¦ quz H−a
f¤l¡ae ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢fR¥ qV−a öl¦ L−l Hhw j¡e¤oSe ea¥e ¢Q¢Lvp¡-
hÉhÙÛ¡l fË¢a Ty¥−L f−sz h¡wm¡u ¢hn na−Ll Q¢õn-f’¡−nl cn−LC HC
¢hou¢V hÉ¡fLi¡−h fËi¡h −gm−a öl¦ L−lz a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ay¡l
"B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡−pl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h HC pjuL¡m¢V−L NËqZ L−l−Rez
HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢a¢e f¤l¡ae ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l p−‰ Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l
à¾à−L −c¢M−u−Rez a¡l¡nˆ−ll NÒf-EfeÉ¡−pl f¡WLj¡−œlC HV¡ S¡e¡ −k, ay¡l
lQe¡u fËbj −b−LC HC eh£e-fËh£−Zl à¾à ¢h−no …l¦aÆ −f−u−R Hhw h£li¨−jl
m¡if¤−ll HL r¢uo·¥ S¢jc¡l hw−nl p¿¹¡e a¡l¡nˆl eh£eL¡m−L Aü£L¡l
Ll−a e¡ −f−l a¡−L h¡lh¡l Su£ Ll−mJ hl¡hlC fËh£−Zl fË¢a ay¡l
frf¡¢aaÆ ¢Rm Hhw a¡l fË¢a ¢a¢e HLV¡ Bm¡c¡ BLoÑZ Ae¤ih L−l−Rez
"B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡−p fË¡Q£e ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l fË¢a¢e¢d q−me q¡−aLm−j
−nM¡ hªÜ L¢hl¡S S£hejn¡C, ¢a¢eC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uLz Bl ea¥e ¢Q¢Lvp¡-
hÉhÙÛ¡l fË¢a¢e¢d Cw−l¢S X¡š²¡¢l n¡Ù» f¡n Ll¡ fËcÉ¥v X¡š²¡lz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
S£hejn¡C-Hl j¡dÉ−j a¡l¡nˆl ay¡l jªaÉ¥−Qae¡lJ fËL¡n O¢V−u−Rez
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −nË¢Z ¢eZÑu Ll−a hp−m H−L a¡l¡nˆ−ll jªaÉ¥−Qae¡ ¢houL
EfeÉ¡p, ¢Q¢Lvp¡¢h‘¡e ¢houL EfeÉ¡p, c¡nÑ¢eL −Qae¡¢houL EfeÉ¡p, p¡j¢SL
EfeÉ¡p, BaÈS£he£j§mL EfeÉ¡−pl ja ¢h¢iæ −nË¢Zl j−dÉ −gm¡ −N−mJ
LM−e¡C B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −nË¢Z−a −gm¡ k¡u e¡z a−h "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae'
a¡l¡nˆ−ll BaÈS£he£ j§mL EfeÉ¡p -- HC −nË¢Z ¢hi¡S−el −ial −b−LC Hl
B’¢mLa¡l mr−Zl fËp‰ E−W B−pz Bp−m HC EfeÉ¡−p a¡l¡nˆl
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qJu¡l Bi¡p −j−mz ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡L¡−m Hl ¢Q¢Lvp¡Na
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p¡j¢NËL L¡¢q¢eJ Bj¡−cl −Q¡−Ml p¡j−e −i−p J−Wz H −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u −k,
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X¡š²¡l−cl L¡−R S£hejn¡u "q¡a¥−s'C −b−L k¡ez
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j¢al j¡, j”¢l h¡ cy¡a¥ −O¡o¡−ml ja j¡e¤oSe, −aj¢e jªaÉ¥−L p¡c−l NËqZ Ll¡
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347
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EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e EfS£hÉz a−h EfeÉ¡−pl B’¢mLa¡l fËp−‰ −pV¡ B−m¡QÉ
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HC EfeÉ¡−p a¥−m H−e−Re, a¡−aC "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
B’¢mLa¡l e¡e¡ mrZ dl¡ f−s−Rz
"B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡−p S£hejn¡−ul c£OÑS£h−el l©f−lM¡ AˆZ
Ll−a ¢N−u KfeÉ¡¢pL −k pLm Aw−n B’¢mLa¡l fËp‰ H−e−Re, a¡l j−dÉ
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NË¡−jl B−l¡NÉ ¢e−La−el ¢cNÚ¢e−cÑ−nl ÙÛ¡e¢Vl E−õM Ll−a quz HC Aw−n
a¡l¡nˆl pjL¡m£e l¡th‰ h£li¨−jl fõ£A’−ml h¡Ù¹h R¢h Hy−L−Rez ¢a¢e
¢m−M−Re -- ""k¡−he, jq¡eNl£ −b−L na¡¢dL j¡Cmz Q−m k¡−he h−s¡ m¡C−el
−VÊ−ez...Swn−e −e−j f¡−he HL¢V Af¢lpl n¡M¡-−lmfbz j¡Cm c−nL ¢N−u
f¡−he HL¢V pjªÜ NË¡−jl −ØVnez Q¡¢l¢c−L −cM−a f¡−he L¡m¡¿¹−ll p¤¤Øfø
f¢lQuz . . . f¡L¡ m¡m Ly¡L−l °a¢l psL d−l k¡−hez −cM−he fË¡Q£eL¡−ml
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nÉ¡Jm¡-fs¡ j¢¾clz f¤L¥−ll i¡P¡ O¡Vz f¤l¡−e¡ j¢¾clz Q¡¢l¢c−LC −cM−he d§¢m-
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n¡M¡fb f¡−hez l¡Ù¹¡¢V M¤h f¢lpl eu; -- HLM¡¢e N¡¢s k¡u, c¤f¡−n c¤p¡¢l −m¡L
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HL¢V −R¡V hy¡d¡ O¡VJ f¡−hez . . . Q−m k¡−he H¢N−u, HC ph ea¥e L¡−ml
TLT−L Cj¡la…¢m−L hy¡−u −l−M Q−m k¡−hez BlJ j¡CmM¡−eL fb −k−a
q−hz c¤d¡−l npÉ−rœ; j¡TM¡−e m¡m Ly¡Ll-−cJu¡ JC HLM¡¢e −N¡l¦l N¡¢s
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Nªq£a l¡th−‰ HC A’m¢V−aJ a¡l −YE H−p m¡N−m −pC Bd¤¢eL
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¢e−u Q−mez a−h ¢a¢e L¢hl¡¢Sl f¡n¡f¡¢n X¡š²¡¢lJ ¢n−M¢R−me -- ""S£hejn¡u
e¡s£l j−dÉ, L¡−ml fcdÆ¢e Ae¤ih Ll−a f¡−lez H¢V ay¡l ¢fa«-¢fa¡j−ql
hwnNa pÇfcz ay¡l¡ ¢R−me L¢hl¡Sz ¢a¢e fËbj X¡š²¡l q−u−Rez L¢hl¡¢S
AhnÉC S¡−eez fË−u¡S−e c¤C j−aC ¢Q¢Lvp¡ L−l b¡−Lez a−h HC e¡s£ −cM¡C
ay¡l ¢h−noaÆz e¡s£l Øf¾c−el j−dÉ −l¡N¡œ²¡¿¹ S£h−e fc−rf −b−L −l¡N£l
−l¡−Nl ül©f Hhw L¡−ml à¡l¡ Bœ²¡¿¹ S£h−el fc−rf −b−L L¡m Lac§−l
86
a¡J ¢a¢e h¤T−a f¡−lez'' S£hejn¡−ul Bj−m −j¢XLÉ¡m L−m−S f¡n Ll¡
X¡š²¡−ll¡ d£−l d£−l −pC A’−m i£s Sj¡−a öl¦ Ll−mJ X¡š²¡¢l ¢hcÉ¡u a¡l
…l¦ lPm¡m X¡š²¡l fËbj I A’−m AÉ¡−m¡fÉ¡¢b ¢Q¢Lvp¡ Q¡m¤ L−lez
KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""−c−n paÉC aMe X¡š²¡¢l AbÑ¡v AÉ¡−m¡fÉ¡¢bL ¢Q¢Lvp¡

349
l¡SL£u pj−l¡−q l−b Q−s B¢hiѨa q−u−Rz L¢mL¡a¡u −j¢XLÉ¡m L−mS,
q¡pf¡a¡m, hdÑj¡e −j¢XLÉ¡m ú¥m, −Sm¡l pc−l pc−l q¡pf¡a¡m, QÉ¡¢l−VhmÚ
¢Xp−fep¡l£, Cw−lS p¡−qh X¡š²¡l, −cn£ e¡jS¡c¡ X¡š²¡l−cl −f¡n¡LNm¡hå
−L¡V, fÉ¡¾V¡m¤e, −N¡m V¥¢f, N¡XÑ−Qe, h¡¢eÑn Ll¡ L¡−Wl Lmh¡„; TLT−L
−m−hm-ByV¡ p¤¤¾cl ¢n¢n−a Ty¡T¡−m¡ lP£e Jo¤d, Jo¤d °a¢ll pw¢rç fË¢œ²u¡,
ph ¢j¢m−u −p −ke HLV¡ A¢ik¡ez H A’−m aMeJ L¢hl¡¢Sl l¡SÉ Qm−Rz .
. . lPm¡m X¡š²¡l b¡−Le HM¡e −b−L j¡Cm Q¡−lL c§−lz H A’−m ¢a¢eC
87
AÉ¡−m¡fÉ¡¢b ¢e−u H−p−Rez'' EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a pjuL¡m¢V−a X¡š²¡¢l ¢Q¢Lvp¡
−pC A’−m p¡sð−l BaÈfËL¡n Ll−mJ a¡ HL¢c−e pñh qu ¢e; c£OÑ¢ce
S£hejn¡u ab¡ fË¡Q£e Bu¤−hÑc ¢Q¢Lvp¡l p−‰ pwNË¡j L−lC a¡−L S¡uN¡ L−l
¢e−a q−u−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡l¡nˆl HC EfeÉ¡−p −pC A’−ml Bu¤−hÑ¢cL
¢Q¢Lvp¡l p−‰ f¡ÕQ¡−aÉl k¿»¢eiÑl Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡l à¾à−LJ −c¢M−u−Rez ¢a¢e
S¡¢e−u−Re −k, −pC A’−m Bd¤¢eL fÜ¢a−a c¤NÑ¡c¡p L¥™¥ e¡−j HLSe X¡š²¡l
¢Q¢Lvp¡ öl¦ Ll−mJ ¢VL−a f¡−le ¢ez KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll i¡o¡u -- ""c¤NÑ¡c¡p L¥ä¥
phÑfËbj H−p¢Rm -- Q−mJ ¢N−u¢Rm phÑfËbjz h−m ¢N−u¢Rm -- S¡ea¡j e¡ HV¡
Nl¦−is¡l −cnz O¡pf¡a¡ S¢sh¤¢V−a H−cl Ap¤¤M p¡−lz AÉ¡−m¡f¡¢b ¢h¢ma£ Jo¤d
88
M¡−V e¡z''
a−h S£hejn¡−ul h¡dÑ−LÉ fËcÉ¥a X¡š²¡l kMe −p A’−m B−p aMe
−pM¡eL¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡u f¢lhaÑe OV−a öl¦ L−lz −l¡N p¡l¡h¡l SeÉ p¡d¡lZ
j¡e¤oJ Bu¤−hÑc-L¢hl¡¢S −R−s AÉ¡−m¡f¡b-X¡š²¡¢ll ¢c−L T¥yL−a öl¦ L−lz −p
A’−m q¡pf¡a¡m ¢ejÑ¡Z q−a −cM¡ k¡u -- ""Hl flC f¡−he HLcg¡ h¡¢sl
p¡¢l; …¢VL−uL −R¡V Cj¡la−L ¢O−l h−s¡ h−s¡ Cj¡la °a¢l Q−m−Rz Q¡¢l¢c−L
i¡l¡ hy¡d¡, l¡SjS¥l M¡V−R, jS¥le£l¡ N¡e N¡C−R Bl R¡c ¢fV−Rz qÉ¡V-−L¡V-
fÉ¡¾V-fl¡-C¢”e£u¡l O¤l−R p¡C−Lm q¡−a ¢e−uz JC −R¡V h¡¢s…¢m HM¡eL¡l
q¡pf¡a¡mz −R¡V q¡pf¡a¡m¢V, X¡š²¡l-LÇf¡Eä¡−ll −R¡−V¡M¡−V¡ c¤¢V −L¡u¡VÑ¡l;
BlJ −R¡V L−uL¢V Ly¡Q¡ h¡¢sl h¡p¡, HM¡−e b¡−L e¡−pÑl¡z HLV¥ c§−l HL¢V

350
−R¡V Ol −cM−he -- −p¢V −j¡¢au¡ −X¡−jl h¡¢sz Bl JC AdÑpj¡ç h−s¡
Cj¡la¢V -- J¢VJ q¡pf¡a¡−ml Cj¡la, H A’−m ü¡ÙÛÉ−L¾cÊ °a¢l q−µRz''89
HC q¡pf¡a¡−ml X¡š²¡l fËcÉ¥a −h¡p Bd¤¢eL ¢h‘¡−el h−m h¢mu¡ez a¡C
S£hejn¡u fË¡Q£e ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ hªÜ hu−p q¡s i¡‰¡l L¡l−Z j¢al
j¡−L ‘¡eN‰¡u ¢e−u k¡Ju¡ AbÑ¡v jªaÉ¥l ¢ec¡e ¢c−mJ fËcÉ¥a a¡ a¡¢µR−mÉl
p−‰ E¢s−u ¢c−u h−m−R -- "" -- HLV¥ f¡¢L−u −N−R, H„-−l e¡ Ll−m ¢WL
hÉhÙÛ¡ −a¡ q−h e¡z ¢ia−l −L¡b¡J q¡−sl BO¡a …l¦al q−u−R, −g−V b¡L−a
f¡−l, k¢c é¡LQ¡l q−u q¡−sl L¥Q¥L¥¢Q b¡−L −a¡ Af¡−lne Ll−a q−hz hÉhÙÛ¡
q−mC −p−l k¡−hz j¡l¡aÈL ¢LR¥ euz''90 öd¤ a¡C eu, Qlj KÜ−aÉl p−‰ −p
S£hejn¡u−L fkÑ¿¹ ‘¡e ¢c−u h−m−R -- ""−f−e¢p¢me, −ØVÊ−ÃV¡j¡C¢pe -- H„-−l
-- Hp−hl k¤−N Ji¡−h ¢ec¡e qy¡L−he e¡z H…−m¡ ¢WL euz S¢s h¤¢V p¢cÑ ¢f¢š
Hp−hl L¡m −b−L A−eL c§−l H¢N−u H−p¢R Bjl¡z a¡ R¡s¡ Hph qm
Ce¢qEjÉ¡e -- Aj¡e¤¢oLz . . . Bp−he HL¢ce, Bj¡−cl hÉhÙÛ¡ −cM−mC h¤T−a
f¡l−he phz ea¥e ea¥e −L−pl ph Aá¥a ¢VÊV−j−¾Vl ¢q¢ØVÊ f−s −n¡e¡h --
−j¢XLÉ¡m S¡eÑ¡m −b−Lz q¡a¥−s ¢Q¢Lvp¡ R¡s¡ HLL¡−m kMe ¢Q¢Lvp¡ ¢Rm e¡ -
- aMe k¡ L−l−Re -- L−l−Rez ¢L¿¹¥ HL¡−m °h‘¡¢eL hÉhÙÛ¡ kMe q−u−R,
−m¡−L f¡−µR -- aMe JC q¡a¥−s ¢Q¢Lvp¡ gm¡−e¡ j¡l¡aÈL Afl¡dz AeÉ −cn
q−m n¡¢Ù¹ qa Bfe¡lz''91 Hph −n¡e¡l fl S£hejn¡u h¤T−a öl¦ L−l
a¡−cl AbÑ¡v l¡th−‰l Bu¤−hÑ¢cL L¢hl¡S−cl ¢ce −no q−a Q−m−Rz a−h
aMeJ l¡th−‰ Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l pjÙ¹ p¤¤¢hd¡ −k −fy±R¡u ¢e, fËcÉ¥−al
HL pj−ul BaÈNa i¡he¡ −b−LC a¡ S¡e¡ k¡uz −p h−m−R -- ""HLV¡ ¢LÓ¢eL
k¢c HM¡−e b¡−L! H„ −l -- C−mL¢VÊ¢p¢V e¡ q−m Ef¡u e¡Cz ju§l¡r£ ú£j q−a
BlJ L−uL hRl m¡N−hz a¡l B−N −p Bl q−h e¡z ¢L¿¹¥ HLV¡ ¢LÓ¢eLz La
−m¡L −k hy¡−Q! BS ¢L HC −j−uV¡C hy¡Qa? q¡pf¡a¡m k¿»f¡¢a -- Hph e¡
b¡L−m H −j−uV¡J BS jlaz''92

351
 a−h öd¤ q¡pf¡a¡m ¢ejÑ¡Z h¡ c¤C L¡−ml c¤C ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l à−¾àl
j−dÉ "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mLa¡l ¢cL…¢m B−R Hje eu;
EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a l¡th−‰l I A’m¢Vl j¡e¤oSe J a¡−cl S£heQkÑ¡l j−dÉJ
HLV¡ ÙÛ¡¢eLa¡l hÉ¡f¡l B−Rz HC EfeÉ¡−p S£hejn¡u, SNvjn¡u,
c£ehå¥jn¡u −b−L öl¦ L−l ehNË¡−jl S¢jc¡l l¡u−Q±d¤l£l¡, Bu¤−hÑc ¢n−l¡j¢Z
L«o·c¡p −pe, lPm¡m X¡š²¡l, S£hejn¡−ul f¤œ he¢hq¡l£, l¡Z¡ f¡WL, jq¡f£−Wl
pæÉ¡p£, i¥he l¡u, N−en f¡WL, cy¡a¥ −O¡o¡m, j¢a, ¢h¢fe, Qœ²d¡l£, Q¡l¦ X¡š²¡l,
q−le X¡š²¡l, n¢n LÇf¡Eä¡l, i¨f£ −h¡p, h¢ˆj, ehL«o· ¢pwq, laeh¡h¤, ¢heu,
A¢q plL¡l, Aap£l −R−m, q¢ln, fËqÓ¡c h¡³c£, −N±lq¢l, −pa¡h, −ef¡m, p¤¤−le,
¢L−n¡l, j¢Z Q¡V¥−‹, l¡j ¢j¢šl, hËSm¡mh¡h¤, S£hejn¡−ul j¡, j”l£, j”l£l
j¡, Bal hE, ¢N¢lnh¡h¤l j¡, j¢al j¡, A¢he¡n h¡E¢l Ù»£, nn¡−ˆl hE, p£a¡,
e£q¡l, j”¥, j”¥l j¡, jLh¤m, fl¡Z −nM, l¡jf¤−ll ¢ju¡p¡−qh −b−L öl¦ L−l
−p A’−ml ASpË j¡e¤−ol E−õM B−Rz H−cl j−dÉ ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ fËL«¢al j¡e¤o−L
j§m i¨-M−™l j−dÉ My¥−S f¡Ju¡ −N−mJ öd¤j¡œ fËL«¢aNa L¡l−Z A−eL−LC
HLj¡œ I A’m¢V−aC My¥−S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz Bd¤¢eL ¢Q¢Lvp¡ hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ q−mJ
−p A’−ml j¡e¤o…¢ml j−dÉ −k Ad¤¢eLa¡l −Ry¡u¡ f¤−l¡V¡ m¡−N¢e, a¡ fË−cÉ¡a
X¡š²¡−ll Ù»£ pÇf−LÑ a¡−cl HL¢V cª¢øi¢‰l j¡dÉ−jC KfeÉ¡¢pL Øfø L−l−Re -
- ""HM¡eL¡l −m¡L…¢m pqS euz j”¥ Bd¤¢eL¡, −p h¡C¢pLÓ Q−s HL¡ −kM¡−e-
−pM¡−e O¤−l −hs¡u, Hl SeÉ L¥vp¡ l¢V−u r¡¿¹ qu ¢e -- Jf−l clM¡Ù¹J
L−l¢Rmz''93
"B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae' EfeÉ¡p¢V LMeC HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p eu;
H−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h lQe¡ Ll¡l E−ŸnÉJ KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll ¢Rm e¡z
a¡l¡nˆl HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L h¡wm¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l ¢e¢l−M eh£e-fËh£−Zl à¾à−L
−cM¡−e¡l E−Ÿ−nÉC lQe¡ L−l−Rez a¡C B’¢mL p£j¡ pwN¢al fËp‰ b¡L−mJ
p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ja HL¢V j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa −b−LJ e¡e¡
L¡l−Z ¢h¢µRæ HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’−ml HL¢V ¢h−no pÇfËc¡−ul HL¡¿¹ ¢eSü
djÑ¢hnÄ¡p, pwú¡l, −m¡L¡Q¡l, −m¡L¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡LLb¡, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡,
352
−f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pi¨¢j, ¢eSü Efi¡o¡l j−a¡ ¢hou…¢m−LC HLj¡œ fË¡d¡eÉ
−cJu¡ qu ¢ez j−e q−a f¡−l −k, HC EfeÉ¡−p c¤C L¡−ml c¤C ¢Q¢Lvp¡-hÉhÙÛ¡l
¢e¢l−M −k à¾à −cM¡−e¡ q−u−R, a¡ h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡lah−oÑl −k −L¡−e¡ ÙÛ¡−el
−fË¢r−aC −cM¡−e¡ −k−a f¡−lz ¢L¿¹¥ h£li¨−jl m¡if¤−ll p¿¹¡e a¡l¡nˆl HC
EfeÉ¡−pl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h ay¡l ¢e−Sl A’m¢V−LC −h−R ¢e−u −pM¡eL¡l
l©f¢Qœ−Z ANËZ£ q−u−Rez EfeÉ¡−p fVi¨¢j J Q¢lœl¡ −a¡ −pC A’−mlC; a¡l
f¡n¡f¡¢n A¢a AÒf q−mJ fË−u¡Sej−a¡ ehNË¡j, Ly¡c£, hdÑj¡e, L¡−V¡u¡l j−a¡
I A’−ml SeS£h−el p−‰ k¤š² e¡e¡ ÙÛ¡−el e¡j, −pM¡eL¡l e¡e¡ Evph
Ae¤ù¡e, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pi¨¢jl cªø¡¿¹J ¢a¢e
¢c−u−Rez H p−hl p−‰ KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡eÉ Q¢ma i¡o¡u EfeÉ¡p¢V lQe¡ L−l iâ
Q¢lœ−cl j¤−M −p i¡o¡l pwm¡f ¢c−mJ ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ −r−œ ÙÛ¡e£u Q¢lœ−cl j¤−M
l¡t£ Efi¡o¡l B’¢mL LbÉl©−flJ fË−u¡N L−l−Rez g−m "B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae'
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl plZ£−a e¡ −gm¡ −N−mJ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl j−dÉ
B’¢mLa¡l −hn ¢LR¥ mrZ My¥−S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl j−dÉ B’¢mL
fVi¨¢j l−u−Rz
Hlfl ¢hn na−Ll h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mLa¡l B−m¡Qe¡u A°àa
jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢V NËqZ Ll−a quz "f¥¢bOl'
fËL¡¢na A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¨¢jL¡wn −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u −k, HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V fËb−j "j¡¢pL −j¡qÇjc£'−a fËL¡¢na q−u¢Rmz NË¿Û¢Vl L−uL¢V Ù¹hL
fËL¡¢na qJu¡l fl a¡ l¢pL f¡WL−L hÉ¡fLi¡−h BL¢oÑa L−lz ¢L¿¹¥ Hpju
A°à−al üÒf¡u¤ −mMLS£h−e HL¢V AaÉ¿¹ jjÑ¡¢¿¹L OVe¡ O−V -- "¢aa¡p HL¢V
ec£l e¡j'-Hl f¡™¤¢m¢f q¡¢l−u k¡uz H−a KfeÉ¡¢pL a£hË j¡e¢pL BO¡a f¡e
J ay¡l je −i−P k¡uz a−h Bn¡l Lb¡ ¢a¢e ¢aa¡−pl L¡¢q¢e lQe¡ H−Lh¡−l
hå L−l −ce ¢e -- öi¡e¤dÉ¡u£ hå¥h¡åh Hhw pq©cu f¡WL−cl Ae¤−l¡d-Bhc¡−l
Hl L¡¢q¢e ¢a¢e Bh¡l ¢mM−a öl¦ L−lez a−h ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e
pÇf§ZÑ Ll−mJ AL¡mjªaÉ¥l L¡l−Z NË¿Û¡L¡−l Hl fËL¡n −c−M −k−a f¡−l ¢ez
k¡C −q¡L, f¡™¤¢m¢f q¡¢l−u k¡h¡l f−lJ iNÀq©c−u ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢V pj¡ç

353
L−l¢R−me h−mC h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl f¡WL Hl©f HL¢V Ap¡d¡lZ EfeÉ¡−pl p¡r¡v
−f−u−Rz
"¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j'-Hl B−m¡Qe¡u h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹
fËbj −nË¢Zl pj¡−m¡QL EµQ¢La fËnwp¡ L−l−Rez Hlj−dÉ pj¡−m¡QL nË£L¥j¡l
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ay¡l "h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡'−a EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu fËc¡e
Ll−a ¢N−u h−m−Re -- ""A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' (−p−ÃVðl,
1956) S£hehª¢š¢eiÑl EfeÉ¡−pl QjvL¡l cªø¡¿¹z Cq¡−a −mML L¥¢jõ¡ −Sm¡l
¢aa¡p e¡−j HL¢V AMÉ¡a ec£l a£−l h¡p-Ll¡ −S−m-pÇfËc¡−ul S£hek¡œ¡,
Bn¡-BL¡´r¡, f§S¡-f¡hÑZ-Evph J l£¢a-pwú«¢al HL¢V ¢Qš¡LoÑL ¢hhlZ
¢c−u−Rez''94 HM¡−e AdÉ¡fL h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u EfeÉ¡p¢V−L "S£hehª¢š ¢eiÑl' h−m
j¿¹hÉ L−l HL¢V ¢h−no pÇfËc¡−ul S£heQkÑ¡l Ef¢ÙÛ¢a−L mr L−l−Rez
AdÉ¡fL ¢n¢nlL¥j¡l c¡nJ −p¢c−L −Mu¡m −l−M ay¡l "h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£' NË−¿Û
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u ¢m−M−Re -- ""L¥¢jõ¡ −Sm¡l ¢aa¡p e¡jL HL¢V
ec£a£−ll d£hl-pj¡−Sl l£¢a-e£¢a, djÑ-pwú¡l-Evph J S£hek¡f−el AehcÉ
L¡¢qe£z pj¡−Sl J AbÑe£¢al f¢lhaÑ−el g−m L£i¡−h HC pj¡−Sl h¤−L m¡Nm
¢hfkÑ−ul −YE, Bl fËL«¢al −Mu¡−m HL¢ce ¢aa¡−p d¡l¡ ö¢L−u Hm, −pCp−‰
n£ZÑ q−u Hm d£hl pÇfËc¡−ul S£hez pj¡S J pwú«¢a J fËL«¢al f¢lhaÑ−el
jq¡L¡¢hÉL ¢hÙ¹¡l HC L¡¢qe£−az''95 pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u S¡¢e−u−Re −k,
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËL¡n KfeÉ¡¢pL A°àa jõhjÑZ −c−M −k−a e¡ f¡l−mJ HC
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl S−eÉC ¢a¢e h¡wm¡ Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉl SN−a ¢QlÙÛ¡u£ Bpe A¢dL¡l
L−l ¢e−u−Re -- ""fËL¡¢na hC -- ¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j A°àa −c−M −k−a
f¡−le ¢ez HC HL¢V EfeÉ¡−pl SeÉC h¡wm¡ Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉl SN−a HL¢V ÙÛ¡u£
Bpe A¢dL¡l L'−l B−Re j¡¢V-−b−L-E−W-Bp¡ KfeÉ¡¢pL A°àa
jõhjÑZz''96 pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u pñha a¡l¡nˆ−ll flhaÑ£L¡−ml
eh£e −mML−cl q¡−a B’¢mL J A¿¹ÉS S£he ¢e−u −k L−uL¢V EfeÉ¡p −mM¡
q−u−R, a¡l j−dÉ B−m¡Qe¡l −k¡NÉ ¢q−p−h ¢ae¢V EfeÉ¡−pl e¡j Ll−a ¢N−u
HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl E−õM L−l−Re -- ""B’¢mL S£he Hhw fË¡uC A¿¹ÉS S£he
354
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EfeÉ¡p −mM¡ q−u−R a¡l j−dÉ B−m¡Qe¡l −k¡NÉ h¡ E−õM−k¡NÉ EfeÉ¡p ¢ae¢V
-- pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l
e¡j' Hhw pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡'z ¢ae¢V EfeÉ¡−pC −mML−cl ¢houhÙ¹¥ ¢ehÑ¡Q−el
hÉ¢š²Na p¡qp A¢i‘a¡l fËp¡¢la l©−fl p−‰ ¢j¢ma q−u−Rz ¢aeS−eC dªa
¢hou−L Hjei¡−h ¢ex−n−o hÉhq¡l L−l−Re −k f¡W¡−¿¹ f¡W−Ll j−e HC
gmnË¥¢al Ecu qu -- Hl −h¢n ¢LR¥ H-S£he pð−å Bjl¡ Bl S¡e−a
f¡la¡j e¡z''97 HC pjÙ¹ fËbj −nË¢Zl h¡wm¡ Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉl pj¡−m¡QL−cl hš²hÉ
−b−L "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ HL¢V ¢hou AaÉ¿¹ Øfø qu
−k, EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mLa¡l l−P l¡P¡−e¡z h¡Ù¹−hJ HM¡−e B’¢mLa¡l e¡e¡ R¢h
My¥−S f¡Ju¡ k¡uz a−h Hl B’¢mLa¡l mrZ…¢m Ae¤på¡−e k¡Ju¡l f§−hÑ Hl
L¡¢q¢e Awn pÇf−LÑ pw¢rç B−m¡Qe¡ L−l ¢e−a quz
A°àa jõhjÑZ "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e−L −j¡V
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Ef¡SÑe L−lz
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HC j¡e¢pL BO¡a pqÉ Ll−a e¡ −f−l ¢L−n¡l EeÈ¡c q−u k¡uz ¢L−n¡−ll HC
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f¢lh¡−l BnËu ¢e−mJ f−l h¡mL f¤œ Ae¿¹−L p−‰ ¢e−u pÇf¨ZÑ Af¢l¢Qa¡l©−f
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−k¡N −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z EfeÉ¡−pl HC Aw−n KfeÉ¡¢pL A°àa jõhjÑZ
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Ae¤i¨¢al fËL¡n−L −c¢M−u−Rez HM¡−e Ae−¿¹l j¡-l L«µRp¡d−el jdÉ ¢c−u
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J N¢a−hNQ’m L¢lu¡ a¥¢mu¡−Rz HM¡−e −L¡e Q¢lœC −L¾cÊ£u a¡vfkÑ ¢h¢nø
e−q; Ae¿¹ ¢LR¥ pj−ul SeÉ EfeÉ¡−pl jjÑh¡Z£−cÉ¡aL Q¢lœl©−f fË¢ai¡a
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pj¢øNa S£he¡−hNC EfeÉ¡−pl Bpm lp−L¾cÊz jvpÉS£h£−cl ec£−a j¡R-dl¡l
hZÑe¡ Cq¡l HL¢V fËd¡e AdÉ¡u; ¢L¿¹¥ ec£fËh¡−ql p¢qa Eq¡−cl S£hed¡l¡l
pÇfLÑ ¢e¢hs qC−mJ Eq¡ ¢eRL fË−u¡Se¡aÈLz Eq¡−cl S£hecnÑe ec£l
Ae¿¹N¢an£m J ¢h¢QœlqpÉju pš¡l ¢eN§tfËi¡h¢Q¢q²a e−qz −mM−Ll fËL«a
BLoÑZ ec£a£−ll NË¡jpj¡−Sl djÑ−L¢¾cÊL J EvphR¾cNË¢ba S£hek¡œ¡u,
plm¢hnÄ¡p£ j¡−m¡ J L«oL−cl ¢pÀ‡-n¡¿¹ S£heØf«q¡u, djÑ¢hnÄ¡pEá¨a, hÜj§m
pwú«¢aQQÑ¡uz −L¡e hÉ¢š² ¢h−n−ol eu, HC pj¢øS£h−el ¢Qœ¡ˆ−e ay¡q¡l fË¢ai¡l
98
°h¢nøÉz'' AdÉ¡fL h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul HC E¢š²l phÑœC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l
mr−Zl Bi¡p B−Rz
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HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢V lQe¡ L−l−Rez ay¡l jªaÉ¥l fl kMe H¢V NË¿Û¡L¡−l
fËL¡n Ll¡ qu, aMe EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj pwúl−Zl i¨¢jL¡−aC Hl Bi¡p −cJu¡
q−u−R -- ""BS HC NË¿Û fËL¡−nl ¢c−e Bjl¡ Bj¡−cl ¢fËuhå¥ A°àa
jõhjÑZ−L −hce¡aÑ ¢Q−š ØjlZ L¢lz Ly¡Qs¡f¡s¡ krÈ¡ q¡pf¡a¡−m k¡Ch¡l f§−hÑ
¢a¢e HC NË−¿Ûl f¡™¤¢m¢f Bj¡¢cN−L ¢cu¡ ¢Nu¡¢R−mez ay¡q¡l S£hvL¡−m Cq¡
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−Nmz . . . Bd¤¢eL h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉ S£he−L pqSi¡−h NËqZ L¢lh¡l ¢Qœ LjC
B−Rz f¢lQ−ul Ai¡−h −mML A−eL ÙÛ¡−eC ¢jbÉ¡ −l¡j¡¢¸VL, Bh¡l A−eL
361
ÙÛ¡−e p−aÉl Rm −qa¥ ay¡q¡l cª¢ø hœ²z A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl −mM¡ HC ¢jbÉ¡
−l¡j¡¢¾VLa¡ h¡ p−aÉl Rme¡ qC−a j¤š²z ay¡q¡l j¡e¤o, fËL«¢a, Be¾c, ¢ho¡c
pjÙ¹C pqS S£he-l¢pLa¡l J ¢eN§t Ae¤i−hl f¢lQu hqe L−lz''99 HC
hš²hÉ −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u −k, Bp−m KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡−p ay¡l ¢eSü
pj¡−SlC l©f¢QœZ Ll−a BNËq£ ¢R−mez −pSeÉC L¥¢jõ¡l ab¡L¢ba AMÉ¡a
ec£ ¢aa¡p J a¡l a£−l c£OÑ¢ce d−l hph¡pL¡l£ jvpÉS£h£ j¡−m¡ pÇfËc¡−ul
HL ¢h−no pj−ul S£heLb¡ f¢l−hn−e E−cÉ¡N£ q−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢a¢e
j¡−m¡−cl S£heLb¡ f¢l−hne L−l a¡−cl pwú«¢al ¢hL¡n J Ahm¤¢çl HL¢V
l©f−lM¡J AˆZ L−l−Rez a¡C EfeÉ¡−pl HL S¡uN¡u Bjl¡ −c¢M -- ""HC
L¡¢qe£ k¡l¡ pª¢ø L¢lu¡¢Rm a¡l¡ HMe Q¢mu¡ ¢Nu¡−Rz H pwp¡−l Bl a¡−cl
−cM¡ k¡C−h e¡z''100 EfeÉ¡p¢V −k, a£hËi¡−h B’¢mLa¡l c¡h£ l¡−M a¡l
fËj¡−Z H c¤'¢V EÜ«¢aC k−bø h−m j−e quz HMe Bjl¡ HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl phÑœ
L£i¡−h B’¢mLa¡l e¡e¡ EfLlZ R¢s−u-¢R¢V−u B−R, −pC B−m¡Qe¡ Llhz
Bjl¡ h¡lh¡l hm¡l −Qø¡ Ll¢R −k, "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j'
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h KfeÉ¡¢pL A°àa jõhjÑZ f§hÑh¡wm¡l L¥¢jõ¡ −Sm¡l
HL¢V ¢h−no A’m−L −h−R ¢e−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢jNa HC ü¡a−¿»Él
¢hou¢V ¢a¢e h¡lh¡l −h¡T¡−e¡l −Qø¡J L−l−Rez EfeÉ¡−pl fVi¨¢jNa ü¡a−¿»Él
f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u öl¦−aC ab¡L¢ba AMÉ¡a ¢aa¡p ec£l ¢hhlZ −cJu¡ q−u−R
-- ""¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡jz a¡l L¨m-−S¡s¡ Sm, h¤Lil¡ −YE, fË¡Z-il¡
EµRÅ¡pz ü−fÀl R−¾c −p h¢qu¡ k¡uz −i¡−ll q¡Ju¡u a¡l a¾cÊ¡ i¡−P, ¢c−el p§kÑ
a¡−L a¡a¡u; l¡−al Qy¡c J a¡l¡l¡ a¡−L ¢e−u O¤j f¡s¡C−a h−p, ¢L¿¹¥ f¡−le¡z
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j¡¢T −L¡e¢ce Jf¡−l k¡C−a iu f¡u e¡z ¢aa¡p n¡q£ −jS¡−S Q−mz a¡l
p¡−fl ja hœ²a¡ e¡C, L«f−Zl j−a¡ L¥¢Vma¡ e¡Cz L«o·f−rl iy¡V¡u a¡l
h¤−Ll M¡¢eLV¡ ö¢ou¡ −eu, ¢L¿¹¥ L¡P¡m L−l e¡z öLÓf−rl −S¡u¡−ll EŸ£fe¡
a¡−L −g¡m¡u, ¢L¿¹¥ E−àm L−l e¡z . . . ¢aa¡−pl h¤−L −aje −L¡e C¢aq¡p

362
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−L¡eÚL¡−m −L¡eÚ ApaLÑ j¤q¨−aÑ f¡ gpL¡Cu¡¢Rm; hy¡ a£lV¡ HLV¥ jQL¡Cu¡ ¢Nu¡
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fõ£ c¤C f¡−n l¡¢Mu¡ A−eL S‰m A−eL j¡W-juc¡−el −Ry¡u¡ mCu¡ O¤¢lu¡
B−p -- −jOe¡l −N±lh Bh¡l −jOe¡l −L¡−mC ¢hm£e qCu¡ k¡uz HC a¡l
C¢aq¡pz ¢L¿¹¥ −p ¢L BS−Ll Lb¡? −LE j−eJ L−l e¡ ¢L−p a¡l Evf¢š
qCmz öd¤ S¡−e −p HL¢V ec£z A−eL c§l-f¡õ¡l fb h¡¢qu¡ Cq¡l c¤C j¤M
−jOe¡u ¢j¢nu¡−Rz fõ£ljZ£l Ly¡L−el c¤C j¤−Ml j−dÉ −kje HLV¥ gy¡L b¡−L,
¢aa¡−pl c¤C j¤−Ml j−dÉ l¢qu¡−R −aj¢e HLV¥M¡¢e gy¡L -- ¢L¿¹¥ Ly¡L−el jaC
al hmu¡L«¢az''102 EfeÉ¡p¢V öl¦l HC ¢hhlZ −b−L f¡W−Ll Ae¤j¡e Ll−a
Ap¤¤¢hd¡ qu e¡ −k, Hl L¡¢q¢e ¢aa¡p ec£ J a¡l a£−l hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤oSe−L
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aaC ¢aa¡p a£lhaÑ£ A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el S£he f¢lœ²j¡l Lb¡
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hph¡pL¡l£ A’m¢V pÇf−LÑ ¢a¢e BlJ ¢m−M−Re -- ""HM¡−e L−uLOl j¡−m¡
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S¡m, HM¡−e-−pM¡−e j¡¢V−a L¡−m¡ Q¡l−L¡Z¡ N−aÑ N¡−hl c¡N, f¡−n N¡−hl jVÚ¢L
N¡jm¡ −h−al T¥¢s -- −c¢M−mC −Qe¡ k¡u HM¡−e j¡−m¡l¡ b¡−Lz''104 EfeÉ¡−p
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363
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Hl C¢aq¡−p e¡C paÉ -- ¢L¿¹¥ j¡−ul −pÀq, i¡C−ul −fËj, −h±¢T−u−cl cl−cl
A−eL C¢aq¡p Hl a£−l a£−l ByL¡ l¢qu¡−Rz''105
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−L¡e NË¡−j O−V−Rz Hlj−dÉ −h¢nl i¡N OVe¡ j§ma ¢ae¢V NË¡−j O−V−R --
−N¡LZÑO¡V, Ecua¡l¡l h¡−fl h¡¢sl NË¡j J ¢hl¡jf¤lz Hlj−dÉ ¢hl¡jf¤l j¤p¢mj
AdÉ¥¢oa NË¡j Hhw −pM¡eL¡l A¢dh¡p£l¡ j§ma L«¢oS£h£z h¡¢L c¤'¢V NË¡−jl fË¡u
ph¡C jv−pÉ¡fS£h£ j¡−m¡ pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤oz EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e OVe¡ÙÛm −N¡LZÑO¡V
NË¡j, j¡−m¡−cl ÙÛ¡e£u EµQ¡l−Z k¡ qm "−N¡LæO¡V'z HC EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉaj
…l¦aÆf§ZÑ Q¢lœ ¢L−n¡l−L ¢e−Sl f¢lQu −cJu¡l SeÉ hm−a −n¡e¡ k¡u --
""nË£k¤š² ¢L−n¡lQ¡e j§mÉhËþZz ¢fa¡ nË£k¤š² l¡j−Lnh j§mÉhËþZz ¢eh¡p
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h¡−fl h¡¢sl NË¡j¢Vl pwú«¢al f¢lQu B−Rz a¡C hm¡C k¡u −k, "¢aa¡p HL¢V
ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡−p L¥¢jõ¡ −Sm¡l Efl ¢c−u h−u k¡Ju¡ −R¡V ec£ ¢aa¡p
a£lhaÑ£ −N¡LæO¡V, ¢hl¡jf¤l J Ecua¡l¡l h¡−fl h¡¢sl NË¡j¢Vl −i±−N¡¢mL
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EfeÉ¡−p ¢L−n¡l, p¤¤hm, Ae¿¹, ¢amLQy¡c, l¡j−Lnh, c£ee¡b j¡−m¡, ¢eaÉ¡e¾c,
−N±l¡‰, L¡−m¡hlZ J a¡l i¡C−ul¡, cu¡mQy¡c, l¡jfËp¡c, q¢l−j¡qe, L«o·Q¾cÊ,
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−Ny¡p¡C h¡h¡S£, de”u, j¡Ne plL¡l, hy¡n£l¡j −j¡sm J a¡l Ù»£pq öL−chf¤l
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a¡l f¤œhd§NZ, Ecua¡l¡ J a¡l h¡−fl h¡¢sl NË¡−jl j¢qm¡l¡, j‰m¡l hE,
Ae¿¹h¡m¡, −S¡−hc Bm£, h−¾c Bm£, Llj¡m£, nl£la¥õ¡, h¡q¡l¦õ¡, L¡¢cl ¢jU¡,
R¡¢c−ll jý¢l nÄöl, R¡¢cl ¢jU¡, lj¤, l¢nc −j¡sm, M¤¢nl ja ASpË ele¡l£l
E−õM B−Rz H−cl j−dÉ öL−chf¤−ll j¡e¤o…¢m h¡−c ph¡C ¢aa¡p a£lhaÑ£
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a¡l¡ j¡−m¡ pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤oz HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢aa¡p a£lhaÑ£ A’−ml ¢q¾c¥ J
j¤p¢mj c¤C d−jÑl −m¡LS−el j−dÉC −pC A’m Hhw ¢aa¡p ec£l fËi¡h
f−s−Rz −kje, ¢amLQy¡−cl hZÑe¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""ec£l h¤−L mr mr
al‰-¢nöl AØg¥V Lla¡¢m S¡N¡u −k j¤š² h¡a¡p, a¡lC jªc¤ ØfnÑ ¢am−Ll
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j¡−ul fËp−‰ KfeÉ¡¢pL HL S¡uN¡u ¢m−M−Re -- ""h¤¢s öCu¡ öCu¡C a¡j¡L
V¡¢em, a¡lfl h¡¢a ¢ei¡Cm Hhw p¡l¡ l¡a −j−u−L h¤−L L¢lu¡ l¡¢Mmz a¡l
Ù¹e c¤¢V öL¡Cu¡ c¢sl ja qCu¡ ¢Nu¡−Rz −j−u a¡lC j−dÉ Amp Ù¹e c¤¢V
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f¡L¡Ch¡l SeÉ EW¡−e h¡¢ql quz −Q¡P¡l ja j¤M HLV¡ My¥¢V ÙÛ¡u£i¡−h j¡¢V−a
−f¡a¡ b¡−Lz a¡l Efl p¤¤a¡ il¡ Ql¢L hp¡Cu¡ −cuz −V−L¡u p¤¤a¡ hy¡¢du¡
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X¡e qy¡V¥l L¡fs HLV¥ …V¡Cu¡ mCu¡, eNÀ El¦ a¥¢mu¡ a¥¢mu¡ q¡−al −a−m¡u
Oo¡ j¡¢lu¡ El¦−a −V−L¡ O¤l¡uz''109
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e¡uL −eCz A−e−Ll j−a Ae−¿¹l jdÉ ¢c−u KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−S−LC a¥−m d−l−Re
Hhw −p-C HC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uLz Lb¡¢Vl j−dÉ qu−a¡ k¤¢š² B−R, a−h
Bj¡−cl j−e qu H−a k¤¢š²l −Q−u B−hN J KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll fË¢a nËÜ¡ AfÑ−Zl

365
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JW¡l SeÉ kaV¡ fË−u¡Se ¢Rm, −p a¥me¡u AaÉ¿¹ Lj -- EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj
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HLj¡œ Qa¥bÑ i¡−Nl −no Awn "i¡pj¡e'-H −p ¢LR¥V¡ e¡u−L¡¢Qa j¢qj¡u
q¡¢Sl q−u−Rz a−h HC EfeÉ¡−p H−Lh¡−l e¡uL −eC HV¡ hm¡ k¡−h e¡; hlw
HLV¥ a¢m−u i¡h−mC Bj¡−cl L¡−R Øfø q−u J−W −k ¢aa¡p ec£ J a¡l
a£lhaÑ£ A’m¢V HC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL q−u JW¡l AeÉaj fËd¡e c¡¢hc¡lz
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a£lhaÑ£ A’m−L EfÙÛ¡f−el ¢c−L eSl ¢c−u−Rez ¢aa¡p a£lhaÑ£ NË¡j…¢ml
j¡e¤oS−el L¡−R HC ec£¢V HL¢V S£h¿¹ pš¡l jaC fË¢ai¡a q−u−Rz a¡C
KfeÉ¡¢pL h−m−Re -- ""¢aa¡−pl h¤−L Ts-a¥g¡−el l¡−aJ ü¡j£-f¤œ−cl
f¡W¡Cu¡ iu L−l e¡z hE j−e L−l ü¡j£l¡ a¡−cl h¡ýl hy¡d−eC B−R, j¡−ul¡
i¡−h −R−ml¡ ¢WL j¡−ulC h¤−L j¡b¡ Hm¡Cu¡ ¢cu¡ n¡¿¹j−e j¡R-il¡ S¡m
110
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pL−ml B−N h¡¢ql qu j¡−m¡f¡s¡l cmz p¡q¡f¡s¡ Bl −k¡N£f¡s¡ qC−aJ
−cM¡−c¢M cm h¡¢ql quz ¢L¿¹¥ j¡−m¡−cl ja L£aÑ−e Aa −S±m¤p qu e¡z a¡l¡
L£aÑe L−l ¢Tj¡Cu¡ Bl j¡−m¡l¡ L−l e¡¢Qu¡ Ly¥¢cu¡ m¡g¡Cu¡ Ty¡f¡Cu¡z a¡C
Lcj¡ h¡a¡p¡J d¢l−a f¡−l a¡l¡C −h¢nz −p −k ¢L Be−¾cl! −p pju f¤l¦−ol¡
L£aÑe L¢lu¡ h¡¢s h¡¢s m¤V d¢l−a k¡u Bl −j−ul¡ O−l h¢pu¡ e¡e¡ EfLl−Zl
f’¡æ-hÉ”e l¡æ¡ L−lz''127
jep¡f§S¡ j¡−m¡f¡s¡l AeÉaj BLoÑ−Zl j−dÉ f−sz HSeÉ pjNË nË¡hZ
j¡p S¥−sC j¡−m¡f¡s¡u fcÈ¡f¤l¡Z N¡e N¡Ju¡ qu -- ""nË¡hZ j¡p −l¡SC l¡−œ
fcÈ¡f¤l¡Z N¡e quz hej¡m£ l¡−al S¡−m Bl k¡u e¡z ¢c−el S¡−m k¡uz Bl
l¡a qC−m h¡¢s h¡¢s fcÈ¡f¤l¡Z N¡e N¡uz HL HL l¡−a HL HL h¡¢s−a

372
Bpl h−pz''128 nË¡hZ j¡p −no q−m fcÈ¡f¤l¡Z N¡Ju¡J −no qu Hhw O−l O−l
jep¡ f§S¡l B−u¡Se Ll¡ quz HC jep¡f§S¡l AeÉaj …l¦aÆf§ZÑ ¢cL qm
"S¡m¡-¢hu¡'z HM¡−e j¡−m¡f¡s¡l jep¡f§S¡ J "S¡m¡-¢hu¡'l p¤¤¾cl hZÑe¡ f¡Ju¡
k¡u -- ""nË¡hZ j¡p −no qCu¡−R, fcÈ¡f¤l¡Z fs¡ −no qCmz O−l O−l jep¡
f§S¡l B−u¡Se L¢lu¡−Rz Bl L¢lu¡−R "S¡m¡-¢hu¡'l B−u¡Sez −hým¡pa£ jl¡
m£M¾cl−L mCu¡ f¤l£l h¡¢ql qCh¡l pju n¡ös£ J S¡'¢cN−L LaL…¢m ¢pÜ
d¡e ¢cu¡ h¢mu¡¢Rm, Bj¡l ü¡j£ −k¢ce hy¡¢Qu¡ E¢W−h, HC d¡e…¢m−a −p¢ce
Q¡l¡ h¡¢ql qC−hz Q¡l¡ a¡−a kb¡L¡−mC h¡¢ql qCu¡¢Rmz HC C¢aq¡p f¤l¡Z-
lQ¢ua¡l AS¡e¡ qC−mJ j¡−m¡f¡s¡l −j−u−cl AS¡e¡ e¡Cz a¡C −hým¡l
H−u¡Ù¹¡¢ml Øj¡lL¢Qq²l©−f jep¡ f§S¡l ¢ce HL A¢ieh ¢hh¡−ql B−u¡Se
L−lz d¡−el Q¡l¡ h¡ S¡m¡ Hl fËd¡e EfLlZz a¡C Hl e¡j S¡m¡-¢hu¡z HL
−j−u h−ll ja −p¡S¡ qCu¡ −Q±¢L−a cy¡s¡u, B−lL −j−u L−el ja p¡ah¡l
a¡−L fËc¢rZ L−l, c£fc¡¢el ja HLM¡¢e f¡−œ d¡−el Q¡l¡…¢m l¡¢Mu¡ h−ll
j¤−Ml L¡−R ¢eu¡ fË¢ah¡l ¢e¢Ru¡-fy¥¢Ru¡ muz HCi¡−h −S¡s¡u −S¡s¡u e¡l£−cl
j−dÉ ¢hh¡q qC−a b¡−L Bl HLcm e¡l£ N¡¢qu¡ Q−mz''129
j¡−m¡f¡s¡l ¢hh¡q fËp‰J AeÉlLj -- ""H-f¡s¡u L¥j¡l£l¡ −L¡eL¡−m
AlrZ£u¡ qu e¡z a¡−cl h¤−Ll Efl −YE S¡¢Nh¡l B−N, je kMe b¡−L
−Mm¡l −Mu¡−m l¢Pe, aMeC HL¢ce −Y¡m p¡e¡C h¡S¡Cu¡ a¡−cl ¢hh¡q qCu¡
130
k¡uz'' H−r−œ −kje d¤j-d¡j L−l n¡Ù»j−a p¡j¡¢SL ¢h−ul hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ qu,
−aj¢e j¡m¡hcm L−l N¡åhÑ ¢h−ulJ hÉhÙÛ¡ quz öL−chf¤−ll fËh¡p S£h−e
¢L−n¡−ll HClLj N¡åhÑ ¢h−ul hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l¢Rm −pM¡eL¡l −j¡sm ¢N¢æ --
""−j¡sm ¢N¢æl q¡−a c¤C¢V g¥−ml j¡m¡z HL¢V ¢L−n¡−ll q¡−a a¥¢mu¡ ¢cu¡
h¢mm, "n¡Ù» j−a ¢hu¡ LCl −c−n ¢Nu¡z AMe j¡m¡ hcm LCl¡ l¡Mz' j¡m¡hcm
131
qCu¡ −N−m −j¡sm-¢N¢æ O−ll h¡¢ql qCu¡ ¢nLm a¥¢mu¡ ¢cmz'' ¢q¾c¥
djÑ¡hm𣠢h¢iæ pÇfËc¡−ul e¡l£−cl ja j¡−m¡ e¡l£l¡J ¢e−S−cl ü¡j£-nÄö−ll
e¡j EµQ¡lZ L−l e¡z a¡C nÄö−ll e¡j f¡™h qJu¡u Bjl¡ S°eL¡ e¡l£−L

373
"f¡e'−L "hVf¡a¡' hm−a ö¢e -- ""¢L −cMÚR j¡, Af¡L qCu¡? B¢j M¤h −h¢n
hVf¡a¡ M¡C? e¡? B¢j Bl La M¡C? Bj¡l n¡ö¢s-H k¡ hVf¡a¡
132
M¡Caz''
Hi¡−h HC EfeÉ¡−p KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡−m¡−cl BQ¡l-Ae¤ù¡e, Evph-
pwú«¢al f¢lQu a¥−m d−l−Rez a−h HC j¡−m¡-pwú«¢a ¢QlÙÛ¡u£ qu ¢e -- L¡−ml
A¢eh¡kÑ NË¡−p M¤h n£OËC Ahm¤¢çl f−b ANËpl q−u−Rz j¡−m¡ p¿¹¡e A°àa ay¡l
HC EfeÉ¡−pl −no i¡−N −pC Ahm¤¢çl Ll¦Z R¢hJ Hy−L−Rez fËb−j ¢a¢e HC
pwú«¢al fËnwp¡ L−l ¢m−M−Re -- ""j¡−m¡−cl ¢eSü HLV¡ pwú«¢a ¢Rmz N¡−e
N−Òf fËh¡−c Hhw −m¡Lp¡¢qaÉ AeÉ¡eÉ j¡m-jpm¡u −k pwú«¢a ¢Rm Af§hÑz
f§S¡u f¡hÑ−Z, q¡¢p-W¡–¡u Hhw °ce¢¾ce S£h−el BaÈfËL¡−nl i¡o¡−a a¡−cl
pwú«¢a ¢Rm °h¢nøÉf§ZÑz j¡−m¡ ¢iæ Afl L¡−l¡ f−r −p pwú«¢al ¢ial fË−hn
Ll¡l h¡ a¡l −b−L lp NËqZ Ll¡l fb p¤¤Nj ¢Rm e¡z L¡lZ j¡−m¡−cl p¡¢qaÉ
133
Ef−i¡N Bl pL−ml Q¡C−a üa¿»z'' HC pwú«¢a aa¢ceC j¡−m¡f¡s¡u
¢hl¡S L−l¢Rm, ka¢ce ¢aa¡−p c¤'L¨mfÔ¡h£ Sm ¢Rm Hhw −pC S−m fËQ¥l j¡R
¢Rmz ¢aa¡−pl Efl Ql f−s Sm ö¢L−u −N−m j¡−m¡−cl p−‰ p−‰ a¡−cl
pwú«¢aJ ¢hfkÑ−ul j−dÉ f−sz −pCp−‰ Hpju −p A’−m j§m i¨-M−™l L«¢oS£h£
j¡e¤o−cl p−‰ p−‰ a¡−cl pwú«¢aJ q¡e¡ −cuz g−m j¡−m¡l¡J HC QV¥m
pwú«¢a−L ¢e−S−cl S£h−e NËqZ Ll−a h¡dÉ qu Hhw ¢eSü pwú«¢a−L hy¡¢Q−u
l¡M−a f¡−l e¡z j¡−m¡−cl HC pwú«¢a d−l l¡M−a e¡ f¡l¡l −fR−e KfeÉ¡¢pL
A°àa jõhjÑZ ¢e−Sl qa¡n¡−L fËL¡n L−l−Re -- ""a¡−cl hÉ¢š²aÆ, °h¢nøÉ,
pwú«¢a d£−l d£−l −m¡f f¡C−a m¡¢Nmz a¡−cl ¢eSü HLV¡ p¡j¡¢SL e£¢al
134
håe ¢Rm, −pC¢VJ œ²−j œ²−j nÔb qCu¡ BmN¡ qCu¡ −Nmz'' HCpju
¢L−n¡−ll h¡h¡ hªÜ l¡j−Lnh HL¢V AaÉ¿¹ a¡vfkÑf§ZÑ E¢š² L−l h−m−R --
135
""EflJu¡m¡ −g¢mu¡−R −Q±Ÿ-p¡eÚ¢Ll am¡u, Ly¡¢cu¡ ¢L L¢lhz'' HLb¡
¢eRL l¡j−Ln−hl Lb¡ h−m j−e qu e¡, HC E¢š² −p pjuL¡l fË−aÉL¢V
j¡−m¡l q©cu ¢exp¡¢la k¿»Z¡l Lb¡ h−mC fË¢ai¡a quz k¡C −q¡L, −nofkÑ¿¹

374
L¡−ml f¢m H−p ¢aa¡−p Ql −g−m −cuz j¡−m¡−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡lJ Bl Ef¡u
b¡−L e¡z ¢e−S−cl üa¿» pwú«¢al p−‰ p−‰ a¡l¡J −ke q¡¢l−u k¡uz −p A’−m
c¤'L¨m il¡ ¢aa¡−pl f¢lh−aÑ ph¤S-nÉ¡jm npÉ−Ma eS−l B−p -- ""c¤C f¡−ll
Q¡o¡−cl NË¡j…¢m −ajeC ph¤Sz ¢L¿¹¥ j¡−m¡−cl f¡s¡…¢m kMeC −Q¡−M f¢s−a−R,
aMeC h¤L VeVe L¢lu¡ E¢W−a−Rz N¡R-N¡R¡¢m B−R, ¢LR¥¢ce B−N −kM¡−e
−kM¡−e Ol ¢Rm a¡l A−eLC HMe M¡¢m-¢iV¡z O¡−V B−N p¡¢l p¡¢l −e±L¡ ¢Rm,
HMe Bl e¡Cz j¡−T j¡−T c¤C HLV¡ −Lhm hy¡d¡ l¢qu¡−Rz −kM¡−e a¡l¡ S¡m
öM¡Ca, HMe −pM¡−e Nl¦ Q¢l−a−Rz Ol…¢m −L¡b¡u m¤L¡Cu¡−R, ¢iV¡…¢m
136
iNÀz'' Bl EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o ¢a¢e c£OÑ¢exnÄ¡−pl p−‰ S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−p
j¡−m¡f¡s¡ Bl e¡Cz n§eÉ ¢iV¡…¢m−a N¡R-N¡Rs¡ qCu¡−Rz a¡−a h¡a¡p m¡¢Nu¡
−py¡ −py¡ në quz HM¡−e f¢su¡ k¡l¡ j¢lu¡−R, −pC n−ë a¡l¡C h¤¢T h¡ ¢exnÄ¡p
137
−g−mz'' Hi¡−h HC EfeÉ¡−p HLV¡ A’−ml HL¢V ¢h−no pÇfËc¡−ul
pwú«¢al ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQu J a¡l Ahm¤¢çl R¢h ByL¡ l−u−Rz j¡−m¡ pwú«¢al
HC R¢h EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡ djÑ−L hý…Z h¡¢s−u ¢c−u−Rz
KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl j¡e¤oS−el M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p J
M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNªq, −k¡N¡−k¡N hÉhÙÛ¡l ja ¢hou…¢ml
fË−u¡Se¡e¤k¡u£ ¢hhlZ ¢c−u−Rez ¢aa¡p ec£ ¢eiÑl jvpÉS£h£ j¡e¤o…¢m −h¢nl
i¡NC AaÉ¿¹ N¢lhz ec£l Efl j¡R d−lC a¡−cl S£¢hL¡ ¢ehÑ¡q Ll−a quz
a¡C H−cl M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡u M¤h HLV¡ EvL«øj¡−el M¡h¡l b¡−L e¡z a−h Hl¡
p¡d¡lZ M¡h¡l −M−mJ j¡R H−cl M¡cÉ a¡¢mL¡u fË¡u phpju b¡−Lz a−h hs
j¡R M¡Ju¡ H−cl Lf¡−m M¤h HLV¡ −S¡−V e¡ -- ""¢L−n¡−ll¡ −R¡V j¡−Rl −S−mz
hs j¡R HLV¡ j¤−M f−s e¡, −Le e¡ H ph j¡R a¡l¡ d¢l−a f¡−l e¡z
−L¡−e¡¢ce −L¡−e¡ hs j¡R fb i¥¢mu¡ a¡−cl S¡−m B¢pu¡ f¢s−mJ fup¡l SeÉ
138
−h¢Qu¡ −g¢m−a quz'' AhnÉ Evp−hl ¢ce…¢m−a H−cl M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡u
hÉ¢aœ²j O−V Hhw Hl¡ ¢h¢iæ dl−el EvL«ø j¡−el M¡h¡l-c¡h¡l −M−u Be¾c-
g¨¢aÑ L−lz j¡−m¡ e¡l£−cl j−dÉ f¡e M¡Ju¡l Qm i¡−m¡C −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz

375
−f¡n¡L-f¢lµR−cl −r−œJ j¡−m¡−cl AaÉ¿¹ p¡d¡lZ j¡−el −f¡o¡−Ll Lb¡ HC
EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz −j−ul¡ p¡d¡lZ j¡−el n¡¢s f−l b¡−Lz f¤l¦−ol¡ d¤¢a fl−mJ
p−‰ HLV¡ N¡jR¡ l¡−Mz j¡−m¡−cl h¡¢sO−ll −r−œJ −aje °h¢QœÉ b¡−L e¡ --
hy¡n, j¡¢V ¢c−u H…¢m °a¢l Ll¡ quz ec£ a£−l qJu¡l L¡l−Z Hph Ol-h¡¢s
heÉ¡u −i−PJ k¡uz H−cl −k¡N¡−k¡−Nl phÑfËd¡e j¡dÉj qm −e±L¡z −e±L¡u L−l
a¡l¡ j¡R d−l, HL−cn −b−L AeÉ−c−n k¡uz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V A°àa jõhjÑZ p¡d¤i¡o¡u lQe¡ Ll−mJ Q¢lœ−cl pwm¡−f
ÙÛ¡e£u B’¢mL Efi¡o¡ hÉhq¡l L−l−Rez Hl©f ¢LR¥ pwm¡−fl cªø¡¿¹ qm --
¢L−n¡−ll pwm¡f :
1z ""h¡'l N¡PÚ ¢cu¡ dlÚa p¤¤hÚm¡z M¡¢m h¡m¤ −cM−a Bl i¡m m¡−N e¡z dlÚ
−L¡e¡L¥¢e dlÚz f¡l h¡C¢h a AC f¡l ¢cu¡ dlÚz HC f¡−l ¢LµR¥ e¡Cz''139
2z ""e¡−l p¤¤hÚm¡, Bj¡l je −kje Lu, Lb¡M¡e ¢WL e¡z k¡−l −mwV¡ b¡CLÉ¡
−cMa¡¢R -- −R¡VL¡−m k¡−l −L¡−m ¢f−W mC¢R -- q¡p¡C¢R, Ly¡c¡C¢R, Xl −cM¡C¢R,
−iEl¡ h¡e¡Cu¡ ¢c¢R -- a¡−l ¢L ¢h−u Lle k¡u! ¢hu¡ k¡u a¡−l, k¡l m−N
−L¡eL¡−m −cM¡p¡r¡v e¡Cz −cM¡p¡r¡v M¡¢m j¤M¡Qä£l pju -- N£a-−S¡L¡−ll
m−N ¢f¢sl Efl n¡s£l −O¡jV¡ a¥CmÉ¡ kMe −Q¡M −jCmÉ¡ Q¡u -- −p qu p−aÉl
¢Ù¹¢lz Bl pNm −a¡ iCez''140
h¡p¿¹£l pwm¡f :
1z ""j¡, Jj¡ −c−M¡ p¤¤hmc¡c¡ ¢L−n¡l c¡c¡l L¡™ B¢j −Q±u¡¢l R¡s−a-e¡-
R¡s−a a¡l¡ c¤CS−e dl−a ¢Nu¡ ¢L L¡CSÉ¡z H Lu B¢j ¢ej¤, −p Lu B¢j
¢ej¤z X−l Bl −LE L¡−RJ −Nm e¡z −n−o ¢L j¡l¡j¡¢l! B¢j LCm¡j c¤CS−e
¢jmÉ¡ h¡e¡CR, c¤CS−eC ¢eu¡ l¡CMÉ¡ −cJz j¡l¡j¡¢l Ll −L−e? öCeÉ¡ ¢L−n¡l
c¡c¡ i¡mj¡e¤−ol ja R¡Cs¡ ¢cmz Bl p¤¤hmc¡c¡ Llm ¢L -- j¡NÚ−N¡ j¡, c¤C
q¡−a j¡b¡aÚ a¥CmÉ¡ −c±s!''141
p¤¤h−ml j¡l pwm¡f :

376
1z ""Hje V¥m¡CeÉ¡ ¢Nl¢Ù¹ La ¢ce Q¡m¡Ch¡! e¡J Llh¡ S¡m Llh¡, p¡EL¡¢l
LCl¡ pwp¡l Q¡m¡Ch¡! HC Lb¡ Bj¡l h¡−fl L¡−R ¢ae paÉ LCl¡ a−h a
Bj¡−l ¢hu¡ Ll−a f¡lÚRz ØjlZ qu e¡ −L−e?''142
¢am−Ll pwm¡f :
1z ""q ¢n¢rv qC−m n¡¢c-pðå LlÚh ¢L e¡z B−l p¤¤hÚm¡, a¥C h¤TÚ¢h ¢L! a¡l¡
j¤−M ¢jW¡ −cM¡u, −Q¡M l¡−M j¡Cu¡-−m¡−Ll Eflz''143
2z ""Mm¡−a −c¡m-f§¢ZÑj¡u M¤h Blî¡ quz j¡Cu¡ −m¡−L Lla¡m h¡S¡Cu¡ k¡
e¡−Qz e¡−Qa e¡, −ke fl£l ja ¢eaÉ L−lz f¡−u O¤PÚl¡, q¡−a l¡j-Lla¡mz H
e¡Q −k e¡ −cMÚ−R j¡−ul N−iÑ lC−Rz''109
hy¡¢nl¡j −j¡s−ml pwm¡f :
1z ""a¥¢j Bj−l ¢nh W¡L¥l h¡e¡Cm¡z e¡ S¡õ¡, a¥¢j Bj¡−l h¤s¡ ¢nh h¡e¡Cm¡,
Bj¡l −N±l£ hs i¡−m¡, a¡−l Bh¡l e¡Q¡CJ e¡z Bl, Bjl¡ a ¢nhj¿»£ e¡,
BjÚl¡ ¢Lo·j¿»£z −a¡j¡l¡ −L¡eÚ −c−nl −cn£!''145
pjNË "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡−p Hl©f ASpË pwm¡f B−Rz
Bp−m KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−S −p A’−ml −m¡L qJu¡u −pM¡eL¡l A−eL¢LR¥l p−‰
HC B’¢mL Efi¡o¡¢V M¤h i¡−m¡ S¡e−aez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡u pj¡−m¡QL
p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u h−m−Re -- ""p‰a qu k¢c h¢m, H¢V −mM−Ll BaÈSe−cl
S£he£j§mL, ¢aa¡pf¡−ll j¡−m¡−N¡ù£l S£he£j§mLz . . . HaM¡¢e ¢e¢hs BaÈ-
B¢i‘a¡, ¢e¢hs h¡Ù¹ha¡ h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p LjC ¢jm−hz ¢aa¡p-a£−ll L−uL¢V
NË¡−jl −N¡V¡ j¡−m¡pj¡S a¡−cl A¢L¢’aLl S£he-k¡fe ¢e−u Ll¦Z hy¡Q¡l
ms¡C ¢e−u, −R¡V −R¡V p¤¤M-c¤xM ¢e−u HC EfeÉ¡−p S£h¿¹ q−u E−W−Rz''146 HC
hš²hÉ¢V −k EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mL Efi¡o¡l hÉhq¡l pÇf−LÑ AaÉ¿¹ fË¡p¢‰L a¡
Bl hm¡l A−fr¡ l¡−M e¡z HR¡s¡J KfeÉ¡¢pL −p A’−ml S£hed¡l¡l p−‰
k¤š² ¢LR¥ N¡−elJ fË−u¡N HC EfeÉ¡−p L−l−Rez Hph N¡−el L−uL¢V e£−Q
EÜ«a Ll¡ qm --
1z ""p¢M I a g¥−ml f¡mP lC−m¡,
LC L¡m¡Qy¡c BC−m¡z''147
377
2z ""Eš−ll S¢j−e−l −p¡e¡-hå¥ q¡m Q−o,
m¡‰−m h¡¢Su¡ E−W M¤u¡z
c¢rZ¡ jmu¡l h¡u Q¡¾cj¤M öM¡Cu¡ k¡u
L¡l Wy¡C f¡W¡Ch f¡e …u¡z''148

3z ""p¤¤M-hp¿¹L¡−m −X−L¡e¡−l
A−l −L¡¢Lm h¢m a¥j¡−lzz...''149

4z ""hp¿¹L¡−m Hm−l jce --

O−l lu e¡ Bj¡l jezz ...''150

5z ""Hm¡¢ql c¢lu¡l j¡−T ¢el¡”−el −Mm¡,

¢nm f¡bl i¡¢pu¡ −Nm öLÚe¡u X¥hm −im¡z...''151

6z ""Bl¢ce E−W−l Q¾cÊ f§−h Bl f¢ÕQ−jz

B−S¡L¡ EWÚ−R−l Q¾cÊ n¡−el h¡å¡e O¡−Vz''152

7z ""j¡ −k-j¢a Q¡u −p-j¢a Ll, −L −a¡j¡l −c¡−o,

hm j¡ −L¡b¡u k¡C cy¡s¡Ch¡l ÙÛ¡e e¡C,
Bj¡−l −c¢Mu¡ p¡Nl −n¡−o,
j¡, Bj¡−l −c¢Mu¡ p¡Nl −n¡−oz''153

"¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢V−L A−e−LC h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V

AeÉaj …l¦aÆf§ZÑ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−m ja ¢c−u−Rez −kje A−m¡L l¡−ul
"p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ' NË−¿Ûl "B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p' lQe¡u c¤NÑ¡nˆl
j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl −hn L−uL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰ HC

378
EfeÉ¡p¢V−LJ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ü£L«¢a ¢c−u h−m−Re -- ""j¡¢eL
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "fcÈ¡ec£l j¡¢T', p−l¡SL¥j¡l l¡u−Q±d¤l£l "ju¤l¡r£',
"NªqL−f¡a£', J "−p¡jma¡', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' (Q¡l¢V
M™), pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡', fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' J "−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' (c¤C
fhÑ), p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡' fËi«¢a L−uLV¡ hÉ¡fL A−bÑ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡pz .
. . L¥¢jõ¡ −Sm¡l ¢aa¡p e¡−j HL AMÉ¡a ec£a£−ll h¡¢p¾c¡ j¡−m¡−cl
S£heLb¡ Q¡lM−™ pj¡ç "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j'-H ¢Q¢œaz''154 Bl
AdÉ¡fL-pj¡−m¡QL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡'l p−‰ HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−LJ p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ü£L«¢a ¢c−u h−m−Re -- ""pj−ln hp¤¤l
"N‰¡' J A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡pz
"fcÈ¡ec£l j¡¢T'l jaC "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j EfeÉ¡−p j¡e¤−ol S£he
ec£p§−œ Acª−øl p−‰ NË¢baz . . . B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ph naÑ H c¤¢V−a
f¡¢maz c¤¢V−aC S£he−h¡−dl ¢hÙ¹¡l O−V−Rz j¡−m¡-−N¡ù£l S£he ¢aa¡p ec£l
j−a¡C j¿Ûl N¢a, a¡lC pj¡¿¹l¡−m h−u Q−m−Rz ¢aa¡p ec£-fËL«¢a j¡−m¡−cl
155
S£h−e fËi¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L−l−Rz''
Ef−ll HC ¢hÙ¹«a B−m¡Qe¡l −fË¢r−a HLV¡ ¢S¢ep Øfø q−u−R −k,
¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑl fË¡u öl¦−aC l¢Qa A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V
ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡−pl B’¢mLa¡l A−eL…¢m mrZ Øføi¡−h fËL¡n −f−u−Rz
B’¢mLa¡l HC mrZ…¢ml L¡l−ZC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl ü£L«¢a −cJu¡ k¡uz
pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡' (1957 ¢MËØV¡ë) h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V AaÉ¿¹
B−m¡¢Qa EfeÉ¡pz c¢rZh−‰l N‰¡l Efl S£¢hL¡ ¢ehÑ¡qL¡l£ j¡Rj¡l¡−cl S£he
f¢lœ²j¡ pÇf−LÑ l¢Qa HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu ¢c−a AdÉ¡fL ¢n¢nlL¥j¡l c¡n
S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""N‰¡ pj−ln hp¤¤ ¢m¢Ma EfeÉ¡pz c¢reh−‰l ec£e¡m¡ Hhw
jvpÉS£h£ j¡e¤−ol p¤¤Mc¤xM S£hek¡f−el pwNË¡j, fËL«¢al L−W¡la¡ Hhw p¡j¡¢SL
S£h−el °hojÉ ¢e−u ¢ÙÛl, ¢e¢ÕQa jdÉ¢hš S£h−el ¢el¡fš¡l HL ¢hfl£a

379
BMÉ¡ez Hl HL¢c−L B−R jªaÉ¥ J A¢Ù¹−aÆl pwNË¡−jl HL j¡e¢hL Efm¢ìz
N‰¡ pj−ln hp¤¤l −nËù EfeÉ¡pz''156 AdÉ¡fL c¡−nl HC E¢š²¢Vl j−dÉC
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mL p£j¡-pwq¢al ¢hou¢V dl¡ f−s−Rz a−h "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V
−k A−eL¡w−nC B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h l¢Qa a¡ A−e−LC ü£L¡l L−l
¢e−u−Rez H pÇf−LÑ fËb−jC pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul Lb¡ E−õM Ll−a
quz ¢a¢e ¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑl h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p…¢m pÇf−LÑ B−m¡Qe¡L¡−m
pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l
e¡j'-Hl p−‰ HC EfeÉ¡p¢VlJ B’¢mL mr−Zl EµRÅ¢pa fËnwp¡ L−l−Re --
""¢ae¢V EfeÉ¡−pC −mML−cl ¢houhÙ¹¥ ¢ehÑ¡Q−el hÉ¢š²Na p¡qp A¢i‘a¡l
fËp¡¢la l©−fl p−‰ ¢j¢ma q−u−Rz ¢aeS−eC dªa ¢hou−L Hjei¡−h ¢ex−n−o
hÉhq¡l L−l−Re −k f¡W¡−¿¹ f¡W−Ll j−e HC gmnË¥¢al Ecu qu -- Hl −h¢n
¢LR¥ H-S£he pð−å Bjl¡ Bl S¡e−a f¡la¡j e¡z''157 h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl
AeÉ¡eÉ pj¡−m¡Q−Ll¡J B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl pf−r
¢e−S−cl ja¡ja fËc¡e L−l−Rez a¡C AdÉ¡fL A−m¡L l¡−ul "p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o :
Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ' NË−¿Ûl "B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p' n£oÑL B−m¡Qe¡u AeÉ¡eÉ EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−LJ ÙÛ¡e −f−a −cM¡ k¡u -- "". . . pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡', fËg¥õ
l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' J "−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' (c¤C M™), p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡
fËi«¢a LaLV¡ hÉ¡fL A−bÑ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡pz''158 AdÉ¡fL −ch£fc i–¡Q¡kÑJ
HCpj−u l¢Qa −hn L−uL¢V EfeÉ¡−pl ja "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a −k "B’¢mL
S£he' fË¡d¡eÉ −f−u−R −pLb¡ −j−e ¢e−u−Re -- ""H fkÑ¡−u B−lL¢V d¡l¡ h¡wm¡
EfeÉ¡−p, ¢e−S−L â¥a fË¢a¢ùa L−l−R -- "B’¢mL S£he'z pw−r−f hm¡ k¡u
. . . pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡', Aj−l¾cÊ −O¡−ol "QlL¡−nj', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p
HL¢V ec£l e¡j' fËi«¢a EfeÉ¡pz''159 pj¡−m¡QL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰ HL−œ
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−m j−e L−l−Rez ay¡l j−a
HC EfeÉ¡p c¤'¢V−a B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ph naÑ f¡¢ma q−u−R -- ""pj−ln
hp¤¤l "N‰¡' J A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' p¡bÑL B’¢mL
380
EfeÉ¡pz . . . "N‰¡'u j§m −Qae¡ ec£l fË¢aL¨ma¡l p−‰ S¢sa jªaÉ¥−h¡dz
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ph naÑ H c¤'¢V−a f¡¢maz''160 pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u B’¢mL S£he−L fVi¨¢j L−l l¢Qa ¢ae¢V h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl e¡j
Ll−a ¢N−u pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p
HL¢V ec£l e¡j' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl p−‰ pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢VlJ e¡j
L−l−Re -- ""B’¢mL S£he Hhw fË¡uC A¿¹ÉS S£he Abh¡ f¢l¢Qa
nËjS£h£S£he−L Ahmðe L−l eh£e −mML−cl q¡−a −k L'¢V EfeÉ¡p −mM¡
q−u−R a¡l j−dÉ B−m¡Qe¡l −k¡NÉ h¡ E−õM−k¡NÉ EfeÉ¡p ¢ae¢V -- pa£e¡b
i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep', A°àa jõhjÑ−Zl "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j' Hhw
pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡'z''161 HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u
h−m−Re -- ""NË¡−jl ¢c−L, NË¡−jl ¢h−no hZÑ¡¢nËa −N¡ù£l ¢c−L pj−l−nl cª¢ø
fsm fËbj N‰¡ (1957) EfeÉ¡−pz f¤−l¡−e¡ d¡l¡ −R−s N‰¡−a pj−ln HL¢V
ea¥e d¡l¡l ¢c−L BL«ø q−mez''162 hm¡ h¡ýmÉ, HC "ea¥e d¡l¡' qm B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡z ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ BlJ S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""N‰¡ fõ£S£h−el
L¡¢qe£, ¢L¿¹¥ −k-−L¡−e¡ fõ£h¡p£l L¡¢qe£ euz N‰¡ qm c¢rZ h−‰l HL¢V
¢h−no Hm¡L¡l -- N‰¡a£lhaÑ£ d£hl−cl L¡¢qe£z''163 pj¡−m¡QL−cl HC pjÙ¹
E¢š² −b−L HC EfeÉ¡p¢V HL¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−mC j−e quz a−h "N‰¡'
EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mLa¡l ül©f ¢h−nÔo−Zl f§−hÑ Hl L¡¢q¢e Awn pÇf−LÑ ¢LR¥
S¡e−a quz
pj−ln hp¤¤ EfeÉ¡p¢V h¡wm¡ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl phÑ−nËù pËø¡ a¡l¡nˆl
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u−L EvpNÑ L−lez HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h ¢a¢e Ešl Q¢în
flNZ¡ −Sm¡l h¢plq¡V jqL¥j¡l j¡Rj¡l¡−cl S£he−L NËqZ L−l−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢V
A−eLV¡C ay¡l A¢i‘a¡l gpmz a¡C EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¨¢jL¡−a ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u−Re --
""Baf¤−ll j¡−m¡f¡s¡l L¡¢aÑL c¡p, f−ln c¡p Hhw q¡¢mnq−ll ¢ej¡C
A¢dL¡l£ J ay¡l ¢fa¡ J −SÉù ï¡a¡z Hy−cl p−‰ A−eL ¢ce J l¡¢œ Bj¡l
−L−V−R N‰¡l h¤−Lz Hy−cl p¡q¡kÉ R¡s¡ "N‰¡' lQe¡ pñh ¢Rm e¡z''164 HR¡s¡J
−j±p¤¤j£ fËL¡ne£ fËL¡¢na "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a "N‰¡' : HL¢V pj£rZ' e¡j ¢c−u
381
AdÉ¡fL q£−le Q−–¡f¡dÉ¡u fËhå BL¡−l −k Awn¢V ¢m−M−Re, −pM¡−eJ
KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll A¢i‘a¡l ¢hou¢V Øfø Ll¡ q−u−Rz k¡C −q¡L, HC Efe¡−p N‰¡l
h¤−L "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el AaÉ¿¹ h¡Ù¹h R¢h fËL¡n −f−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −n−ol ¢LR¥ Awn h¡c ¢c−m fË¡u pjÙ¹V¡C EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉaj
…l¦aÆf§ZÑ Q¢lœ −fn¡u "j¡Rj¡l¡' fy¡Q¥l A¢i‘a¡l ¢hhlZ, −p-C −ke EfeÉ¡−pl
LbLz fy¡Q¥ HLSe p¡d¡lZ "j¡Rj¡l¡'z a¡l c¡c¡ ¢eh¡lZ ¢Rm py¡Cc¡l AbÑ¡v −p
A’−ml phÑ−nËù "j¡Rj¡l¡'z fy¡Q¥ pj¤−â −k−a iu f¡uz L¡lZ c¤S−el Ù»£
NiÑha£ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u fy¡Q¥ a¡l c¡c¡ ¢eh¡lZ py¡Cc¡l−L pj¤−âl h¤−L ¢hpSÑe ¢c−u
Hp¢Rmz c¡c¡l jªaÉ¥l fl a¡l j¡R dl¡l p‰£ qu ¢eh¡lZ py¡Cc¡−ll −R−m
¢hm¡pz NË¡−j ¢aeSe ¢hm¡p b¡L¡u Hhw −aya¥mam¡u a¡−cl h¡¢s qJu¡u −p
"−aya−m ¢hm¡p' ¢q−p−h f¢l¢Qa quz ¢hm¡p h¡−fl jaC −S¡u¡ez NË¡jÉ
fË¢a−k¡¢Na¡u pjÙ¹ h£l−cl q¡¢l−u ¢hm¡p −p Hm¡L¡l "h¡R¡s' ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa quz
HSeÉ Afl j¡Rj¡l¡ fË¡š²e "h¡R¡s' LcÚ−j fy¡Q¥l p−‰ nœ¥a¡J öl¦ quz HLV¥
Nñ£l, Øføi¡o£, lNQV¡, o™¡j¡LÑ¡, −Ny¡u¡l fËL«¢al −S¡u¡e ¢hm¡p−L p¡jm¡−e¡
fy¡Q¥l rja¡u −eCz HC ¢hm¡p ec£l h¤−L j¡R dl−mJ c¤'−Q¡−M h¡−fl ja
pj¤−âl py¡Cc¡l qJu¡l üfÀ −c−M -- AL¨−m −i−p −k−a Q¡uz Bo¡t −b−L
B¢nÄe -- hR−ll HC Q¡lj¡p N‰¡u j¡R d−l Bu-Ef¡SÑe L−l h¡¢L ¢ce…¢m
d¡l-h¡¢L−a −L¡elL−j Q¡¢m−u ¢e−u A¢a L−ø ¢ce¡¢af¡a L−l H−cl S£he
A¢ah¡¢qa quz HClLj HLh¡l N‰¡ ec£−a j¡Rdl¡l jlp¤¤j öl¦ q−m −p
A’−ml pjÙ¹ "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl ja fy¡Q¥J ¢hm¡p−L p−‰ ¢e−u L−uL¢c−el −M¡l¡¢L
pq j¡R d−l Bu-Ef¡SÑ−el Bn¡u ec£l h¤−L f¡¢s −cuz Hlfl H−Ll fl
HL A’m −f¢l−u a¡l¡ i¡p−a i¡p−a Q¾ceeN−l H−p BÙ¹¡e¡ L−lz HM¡−eC
EfeÉ¡−pl −h¢nli¡N OVe¡ O−V−Rz ec£l h¤−L −e±L¡l Ef−lC H−cl ¢ce
−L−V−Rz Q¾ceeN−ll j¡Rh¡S¡−ll HLpj−ul −c¡cÑ™fËa¡fn¡m£ g−s¢e ¢Rm
c¡¢je£z EfeÉ¡−p AhnÉ a¡−L −aS J rja¡ q¡l¡−e¡ hªÜ¡l©−f ¢Q¢œa Ll¡
q−u−Rz HC c¡¢je£ g−s¢e ¢eh¡lZ py¡Cc¡−ll p−‰ hÉhp¡ L−l−R, pñha
¢eh¡l−Zl fË¢a a¡l c¤hÑma¡J ¢Rmz c¡¢je£l −j−u ¢hdh¡ qJu¡l fl °ü¢lZ£

382
q−u¢Rmz a¡l −j−u qm ¢q¢jz EfeÉ¡−p −p g−s¢e l©−f ¢Q¢œaz Hl¡C j¡R
¢h¢œ²l −r−œ fy¡Q¥l jq¡Sez NË¡−jl Bl HLSe jq¡Se qm f¡mjn¡C, hR−ll
AeÉ¡eÉ Ai¡−hl ¢c−e d¡−l, −e±L¡ håL −l−M −p pjÙ¹ "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl Q¡m¡uz
k¡C −q¡L, j¡R j¡l−a H−pC ¢hm¡p c¡¢je£l e¡a¢e ¢q¢jl fË¢a BL«ø
qu; ¢q¢jJ ¢hm¡−pl fË¢a BL«ø quz a¡−cl j−dÉ HLV¡ j¡e¢pL pÇfLÑJ °a¢l
qu, A¢Q−lC k¡ n¡l£¢lL pÇfLÑ fkÑ¿¹ Ns¡uz a−h "j¡Rj¡l¡'l p−‰ g−s¢el HC
pÇfLÑ ¢hm¡−pl L¡L¡ fy¡Q¥ fËb−j −j−e ¢e−a f¡−l ¢ez C¢aj−−dÉ j¡pM¡−eL
N‰¡u j¡R e¡ −jm¡u p¡j¢uL "−V¡V¡' AbÑ¡v jeÄ¿¹l −cM¡ −cuz HCpju ¢hm¡−pl
L¡L¡ fy¡Q¥ Bj¡nu −l¡−N Bœ²¡¿¹ q−u j¡l¡ k¡uz a−h jªaÉ¥l fy¡Q¥ ¢hm¡p−L
pj¤−â f¡¢s −cJu¡l Lb¡ h−m k¡u; −pCp‰ −p BlJ h−m k¡u −k, c¡¢je£l
e¡a¢el jeV¡ "−f¡ú¡l'z a¡C ¢hm¡p −ke a¡−L ¢e−u Ol L−lz fy¡Q¥l jªaÉ¥l fl
¢hm¡−pl HL¡¿¹ p¤¤q©c AaÉ¿¹ N¢lh pu¡l¡j N‰¡l h¤−L c¡c¡ c™¡l¡j−L q¡¢l−u
¢hm¡−pl p‰£ quz −V¡V¡ −L−V −N−m ph¡l S¡−mC fËQ¥l j¡R JW¡u a¡−cl Bu-
Ef¡SÑe i¡−m¡C quz ¢hm¡p pu¡l¡j−L V¡L¡-fup¡ ¢c−u h¡¢s f¡W¡−mJ ¢q¢jl
Ae¤−l¡−d L¡¢aÑL j¡−pl Q¡L¥−¾c j¡L¥−¾c Mul¡l jlp¤¤j fkÑ¿¹ −b−L k¡uz ¢q¢jJ
¢hm¡−pl p−‰ "AL¨−m −i−p −k−a' fËÙ¹¥az HCpjuL¡−m −p A’−m "p¡Si¡V¡'
Evph quz C¢aj−dÉ pu¡l¡j ¢g−l Bp−m ¢e¢cÑø ¢c−e ¢hm¡p, ¢q¢j J pu¡l¡j
a¡−cl NË¡−jl E−Ÿ−nÉ lJe¡ −cuz a−h ¢q¢j −nofkÑ¿¹ ¢hm¡−pl p−‰ k¡u e¡;
h¡Nh¡S¡−ll L¡−R H−p −p "B¢j HaV¥L¥ f¡Z£, −a¡j¡l AL¨−m B¢j −hs f¡h
e¡' h−m ¢hm¡−pl L¡−R b−L −Q¡−Ml S−m ¢hc¡u −euz Hlfl EfeÉ¡−pl −no
−cM¡ k¡u -- ""−hae¡ ec£−a L¡m£eN−ll N−”l −i¢s−a n¡hl L−l−R BW¡−l¡
N™¡ −e±L¡z j¡Rj¡l¡−cl −e±L¡, py¡C ¢e−u pj¤−â k¡u a¡l¡z ANËq¡uZ f−s −N−Rz
Eš−l h¡a¡p huz f¡−m q¡Ju¡ −m−N −N−R, X¡L ¢c−u−R pj¤âz −YE −m−N−R
l¡Cj‰m Bl ¢T−õl −j¡qe¡uz L¡m£eNl N” −b−L Q¡m X¡m e¤e −am
−k¡N¡sk¿» q−u−R, py¡Cc¡−ll A−fr¡z
-- py¡Cc¡l −L?
-- ¢h−mnz −aya−m ¢h−mpz

383
 −aya−m ¢h−mn pj¤−â k¡uz''165 -- HM¡−eC EfeÉ¡−pl −noz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e Aw−nl OVe¡h¢m −L¡e HL¢V S¡uN¡u O−V¢ez
Ešl Q¢în flNZ¡l ¢hÙ¹£ZÑ A’m −b−L öl¦ L−l c¢rZ Q¢în flNZ¡ J ýNm£
−Sm¡l A−eL A’mC HC EfeÉ¡−p dl¡ f−s−Rz HM¡−e −k ÙÛ¡e…¢ml e¡j
f¡Ju¡ k¡u, −p…¢m qm -- dm¢aa¡, f¤−l¡−My¡sN¡¢R, −aya¥¢mu¡, p¡l¡f¤m,
ga¥−õ¡f¤l, g¢lcL¡¢W, h£lf¤l, fy¥sÉ¡, Ba¥−s, C¢V−™, c¢™lq¡V, ny¡MQ¨s¡, V¡¢L,
p−¾cnM¡¢m, qy¡pe¡h¡c, ¢je¡My¡, L¥m¢V, X¡uj™q¡lh¡l, h¡l¡Lf¤l-hl¡eNl,
Q¾ceeNl-SNŸm, ýNm£-°eq¡¢V, ¢œ−hZ£, h¢plq¡V, −N¡f¡meNl, −j¡õ¡q¡V,
N¢lhf¤l, l¡Z¡O¡V, heNy¡, c¢r−ZnÄl, L¡j¡lq¡¢V, Mscq, eh¡hN”, nÉ¡jeNl,
SNŸm, q¡¢mnql, ¢œ−hZ£, ¢VV¡Ns fËi«¢az Bp−m EfeÉ¡p¢Vl pjÙ¹ OVe¡
ec£h−rC O−V−Rz a¡C ¢ejÀN¢a−a N‰¡ −k pjÙ¹ ÙÛ¡−el Efl ¢c−u fËh¡¢qa
q−u−R, HM¡−e −pph ÙÛ¡−el e¡j KfeÉ¡¢pL L−l−Rez HC EfeÉ¡−p Bo¡t −b−L
L¡¢aÑL fkÑ¿¹ j§ma "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl HL¢V jlp¤¤−jl S£he f¢lœ²j¡−L pl¡p¢l ¢e−u
Bp¡ q−u−Rz jlp¤¤−jl öl¦−a ¢ejÀh−‰l ¢h¢iæ Hm¡L¡ −b−L "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ N‰¡u
j¡R dl−a B−pz a¡C EfeÉ¡−pl öl¦−a KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""BN¡j
c−ml ¢ae¢V −e±L¡ i¡V¡l V¡−e alal L−l −e−j Hm, f¤−hl −Løf¤−ll M¡m-
−NV −f¢l−u, −e¡e¡ ¢h−ml f¡n L¡¢V−uz ¢ae¢V h¡R¡¢l −e±L¡z Hm f¤h −b−Lz
M¡s¡ f¤h −b−L euz f¤h-c¢rZ −b−Lz c¤¢V Hm f¤−l¡−My¡sN¡¢R −b−Lz Bl-HL¢V
dm¢aa¡ Ny¡−ulz
B−l¡ Bp−R −fR−e −fR−ez −aya¥¢mu¡, p¡l¡f¤m, f¤−l¡−My¡sN¡¢R,
ga¥õ¡f¤l, g¢lcL¡¢W, h£lf¤l, a¡hv f¤h-Ešl Bl f¤h-c¢rZ −W¢P−u Bp−R
k¡hv jvpÉS£h£l¡z −S−m °LhaÑ, ¢e¢Ll£, Q¥e¤l£, j¡−m¡ ph¡C Bp−Rz J¢cLL¡l
l¡Shwn£l¡J L¡−m L¡−m j¡¢V q¡¢l−u jvpÉS£h£ q−u−Rz a¡l¡J Bp−Rz
B−l¡ Bp−hz B−nf¡−n L¡R-−Oyo¡−Oy¢o, f¤ysÉ¡, Ba¥−s, C¢V−™,
c¢™lq¡V, ny¡MQ¥s¡, V¡¢L -- phM¡−e ph j¡Rj¡l¡l O−l p¡−S¡-p¡−S¡ lh f−s−Rz
ph¡C Bp−h H−L H−Lz''166

384
 HM¡−eC −no eu, KfeÉ¡¢pL BlJ ¢m−M−Re -- ""Bp−R, ph¡C Bp−R
H¢c−Lz ¢c−e l¡−a Bp−Rz −Q¡M b¡L−m, Ef−l E−W HLh¡l f¤−h eSl Ll−mC
−cM¡ k¡−h La Bp−Rz H−L H−L, p¡¢l p¡¢l, f¡n¡f¡¢nz c¢r−Zl H−Lh¡−l
e¡h¡m −b−L f¡m a¥−m ¢c−u−R ph¡C −S¡u¡−ll V¡−ez −k −kM¡e ¢c−u f¡l−R,
N‰¡u Bp−R ph¡Cz N‰¡l −O¡m¡ ¢L¿¹¥ ¢j−W S−mz ph jvpÉS£h£l i¡a-L¡fs
k¡l L¡−R B−R hy¡d¡z''167 Bp−m hoÑ¡l jlp¤¤−j "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ −LE-C O−l h−p
b¡−L e¡z HSeÉ a¡l¡ pcÉ N¢Wa p£j¡−¿¹l −hs¡S¡mJ j¡e−a l¡¢S euz a¡l¡
ph¡C pðvp−ll Bu-Ef¡SÑ−el ¢e¢j−š −h¢l−u f−s -- ""Ny¡−u Ny¡−u O−l O−l
k¡œ¡ Ll¡l SeÉ °a¢l q−µR phz BSL¡m h−m f¡¢LÙÛ¡−el hXÑ¡l, −pCM¡e −b−L
Bp−R ph Bp−R H¢c−Lz e¡ H−p Ef¡u ¢L! ¢QlL¡m Bp−R, Bp−hJz''168
HSeÉ −L¡e HL¢V ÙÛ¡−el "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl Lb¡C −k EfeÉ¡p¢V−a f¢l−h¢na q−u−R
Hje eu, EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢ejÀh−‰l fË¡u pjÙ¹ ec-ec£l Lb¡J ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡−pl −h¢nli¡N OVe¡C N‰¡l h¤−L OV−mJ N‰¡ R¡s¡J −pC A’−ml
−Løf¤−ll M¡m, CR¡ja£, L¡¢m¾c£, l¡Cj‰m, ¢h−cÉdl£, h¡je−d¡f¡, i¢‰lL¡V¡ M¡m,
E−ÒV¡X¡P¡l M¡m h¡ ¢eELÉ¡−em, −h−mO¡V¡ M¡m, Ll¡Q£ ec£ h¡ N¡fam¡, j¡am¡,
Q¨ZÑ£, X¡ep¡, ¢fu¡m£, W¡L¥l¦e fËi«¢a ec£l e¡j J fËp‰ HM¡−e H−p−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a h¢plq¡V A’−ml dm¢aa¡ NË¡−jl fy¡Q¥ Hhw a¡l i¡C−f¡
¢hm¡−pl Lb¡ f¢l−h¢na q−mJ KfeÉ¡¢pL H−cl −L¡e ¢e¢cÑø ÙÛ¡−el j−dÉ
p£j¡hÜ l¡M−a Q¡e ¢ez ¢a¢e H−cl ¢ejÀh−‰l I pjÙ¹ A’−ml fË¢a¢e¢d
¢q−p−hC EfÙÛ¡fe L−l−Rez a¡C AeÉ¡eÉ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ja HC EfeÉ¡−p
−i±−N¡¢mL ¢cL −b−L HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m fË¡d¡eÉ f¡u ¢e; ¢ejÀh−‰l pjNË N‰¡
ec£ A’mC E−W H−p−Rz Bl EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fË¡u pjÙ¹ OVe¡ −k−qa¥ N‰¡l h¤−Ll
Efl O−V−R Hhw −pM¡eL¡l "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£he L¡¢q¢e−L f¢l−h¢na q−u−R,
a¡C ¢ejÀh−‰l N‰¡ ec£C HC EfeÉ¡−p j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa −b−LJ
¢h¢µRæ −L¡−e¡ A’−ml i¨¢jL¡ NËqZ L−l−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V AhnÉ e¡e¡ pj−u N‰¡l
fËL«¢a f¢lhaÑ−el R¢hJ dl¡ f−s−Rz HSeÉ S¡−m‰¡ Sm, hlg Sm, −e¡e¡ Sm,
−O¡m¡ S−ml ja N‰¡u e¡e¡ pj−u −cM−a f¡Ju¡ Sml¡¢nlJ E−õM Ll¡

385
q−u−Rz Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n dm¢aa¡ NË¡−jl −i±−N¡¢mL AhÙÛ¡e Hhw fË¡L«¢aL
f¢l−h−nl Lb¡J HC EfeÉ¡−p f¢l−h¢na q−u−Rz "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl NË¡j…¢ml
fË¢a¢e¢daÆ Ll¡ HC dm¢aa¡ NË¡j¢VJ h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉ j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ
Ah¢ÙÛa −b−LJ e¡e¡ L¡l−Z ¢h¢µRæ ¢q−p−h EfÙÛ¡¢fa q−u−Rz g−m "N‰¡'
EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj naÑ¢V fË¡u pÇf¨ZÑi¡−h f¡me L−l−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl A’mNa HC ¢hÙ¹«¢al ¢c−L cª¢ø ¢c−u a¡C AdÉ¡fL öÜpšÄ hp¤¤
h−m−Re -- ""B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p f¡W−Ll A‘¡ap¡−lC f¡WLj−e HL −i±−N¡¢mL
−Qae¡l p’¡l L−l b¡−Lz pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡' fs−m N‰¡l f¡nÄÑhaÑ£ NË¡−jl
pÇf−LÑ HLV¥ d¡lZ¡ quz''169
Q¢lœ ¢Qœ−Zl −r−œ HC EfeÉ¡−p KfeÉ¡¢pL j§ma ¢ejÀh−‰l
"j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl ¢e−u H−p−Rez a−h H−cl −L¡−e¡ ¢e¢cÑø pÇfËc¡−ul j−dÉ BhÜ
l¡−Me ¢ez ¢q¾c¥ djÑ¡hmð£−cl j−dÉ HM¡−e −S−m, °LhaÑ, ¢e¢Ll£, Q¥e¤l£, j¡−m¡,
l¡Shwn£ fËi«¢a pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤oSe B−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n j¤p¢mj "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl
Lb¡J HC EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz pjÙ¹ EfeÉ¡−p Bjl¡ −k pjÙ¹ f¤l¦o−cl p−‰
f¢l¢Qa qC, a¡l¡ qm -- fyQ¡ee c¡p (fy¡Q¥), ¢eh¡lZ, ¢hm¡p, Lc−j fy¡Q¥,
pu¡l¡j, N™¡l¡j, l¢pL, hn£l, f¡m jn¡C, −h¡−Se W¡L¥l, c¤m¡m, l¡j j¡−m¡,
AS¥Ñe, Ae¿¹, pe¡ae, pLm ¢jU¡, e¤l¦m, Bj¡e¤m, fl¡Z, p¤¤−le, nË£c¡j fËj¤Mz
Bl e¡l£l¡ qm -- N¡j¢m fy¡¢Q, Aj−aÑl hE, c¡¢je£, ¢q¢j, Balh¡m¡ fËj¤Mz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡uL qm ¢hm¡pz a¡l hZÑe¡u fy¡Q¥l cª¢ø−a KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -
- ""c¡c¡l hs −R−mz e¡j ¢h−mpz −aya¥−m ¢h−mp, AbÑ¡v −aya¥mam¡l ¢hm¡pz
−ke ¢àa£u ¢eh¡lZ j¡−m¡z Hj¢e −Qq¡l¡M¡¢eC ¢Rm c¡c¡lJz L¡−m¡ L¥QL¥−Q lP,
−fV¡−e¡ nl£lz −eq¡C−ul ja nš²z −ke ¢ejL¡−Wl L¡−m¡ lP j¡M¡ QLQ−L
j¤¢aÑz e¡L¢V −R¡Vz −Q¡M c¤¢V Dov −N¡mz ï¥ Ly¥Q−L j¤M a¥−m a¡L¡−m j−e qu,
−LE−V p¡f −ke gZ¡ d−l B−Rz −is¡l −m¡−jl ja L¡−m¡ −Ly¡QL¡−e¡ Q¥mz −ke
S¡ap¡−fl ¢Xj-−g¡V¡ nm¤C ¢Lm¢hm Ll−R j¡b¡uz q¡p−m f−l −Q¡M −Y−L k¡uz
−Q¡M −eC, e¡L −eC, M¡¢m HL j¤M q¡¢pz p¡r¡v ¢eh¡lZ j¡−m¡z h−e S‰−m
cy¡¢s−u b¡L−m l−P l−P ¢j−n k¡uz N¡h-BW¡-j¡M¡−e¡ −e±L¡l Ly¡s¡−l ö−u
386
b¡L−m, j¡e¤o b¡L−m −Vl f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z Hje L¡−m¡z''170 HC ¢hm¡p pÇf−LÑ
pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul j§mÉ¡ue qm -- ""EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL ¢hm¡p
pj−ln hp¤¤l p¡¢qaÉ-SN−al −a¡ h−VC, f’j-où cn−Ll E−õM−k¡NÉ
Q¢lœpª¢ø…¢ml j−dÉ AeÉajz''171
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HC ¢hm¡p N‰¡h−r −a¡ f¡¢s ¢c−u−RC, f¡n¡f¡¢n −p
BS£he pj¤−â f¡¢s −ch¡l üfÀ −c−M−R Hhw EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o p¢aÉ p¢aÉ
py¡Cc¡l q−u pj¤−âl E−ŸnÉ f¡¢s ¢c−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡¢uL¡ ¢q−p−h A−e−LC
¢q¢jl Lb¡ h−m b¡−Lez H ¢ho−u pj¡−m¡QL−cl p−‰ HLja qJu¡ k¡u e¡z
EfeÉ¡−p ¢q¢jl Ef¢ÙÛ¢a J i¨¢jL¡ a¡−L kb¡bÑ e¡¢uL¡l fkÑ¡−u Eæ£a Ll−a
f¡−l ¢ez hlw HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ¢WLja e¡¢uL¡ h¡R−a q−m N‰¡ ec£−LC −h−R
¢e−a quz L¡lZ EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ OVe¡C N‰¡h−r O−V−R, EfeÉ¡p¢V−a N‰¡
ec£ pjÙ¹ Q¢l−œl Efl pl¡p¢l fËi¡h ¢hÙ¹¡l L−l−R, Q¢lœl¡J N‰¡l p−‰
¢e−S−cl HL¡aÈ −i−h−Rz a¡C "p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ' NË−¿Û hm¡ q−u−R --
""pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡−p jvpÉS£h£ pÇfËc¡−ul S£h−el p−‰ N‰¡l BhaÑ
J −S¡u¡l-iy¡V¡l V¡−el A¢eÕQua¡ J ¢hf−cl −k¡N B−Rz''172 g−m N‰¡ ec£
B−Qae hÙ¹¥ q−uJ HC EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e Q¢l−œl i¨¢jL¡u Aha£ZÑ q−u−Rz
HC EfeÉ¡−p "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡l f§ZÑ¡‰ R¢h KfeÉ¡¢pL
Hy−L−Rez H−cl S£h−e fËd¡e jlp¤¤j qm hoÑ¡l jlp¤¤j, k¡ Bo¡t j¡−p Að¥h¡Q£l
fl öl¦ q−u B¢nÄe fkÑ¿¹ Q−mz a−h A−e−Ll −r−œ a¡ Q¡L¥¾c j¡L¥−¾c Mul¡l
jlp¤¤j −f¢l−u L¡¢aÑL fkÑ¿¹ −j¡V fy¡Qj¡p Q−m -- ""hoÑ¡l Q¡lj¡p L¡¢V−u k¢c
N¡−Pl j¡e¤o, Q¡L¥−¾c j¡L¥−¾c Mul¡l −g−l L¡¢V−u B−p L¡¢aÑL, a−h fy¡Qj¡pz
a¡lfl O−l −g−l −pz''173 HV¡C "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el p¤¤−Ml pjuz h¡¢LV¡
V¡−el jlp¤¤jz H pju N‰¡u j¡R f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z a¡C A−eL pju HLp−‰
cn-¢hn N™¡ −S−m-j¡−m¡ S¥¢V−u "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ p¡C °a¢l L−l pj¤−â f¡¢s −cuz
H−cl j−dÉ fËd¡e hÉ¢š² AbÑ¡v pcÑ¡l−L p¡Cc¡l h−m -- ""V¡−el jlp¤¤−j cn ¢hn
N™¡ −S−m-j¡−m¡ S¥¢V−u, ¢œn Q¢õn¢V −e±L¡ Bl f’¡n-o¡V¢V S¡m ¢e−u, −k
pL−ml q−u pcÑ¡¢l L−l c¢r−Z ¢e−u −ka j¡R dl−a, a¡−L h−m p¡Cc¡l,
387
c¢r−Z k¡Ju¡ qm pj¤âk¡œ¡z''174 "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl j−dÉ ph−Q−u −nËù, ph−Q−u cr,
ph−Q−u p¡qp£ hÉ¢š²C p¡Cc¡l ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa quz M¤hC L¢We HC p¡Cc¡l−cl S£hez
HL¢c−L k¡œ¡f−b pjÙ¹ ¢hfc-Bf−cl −j¡L¡¢hm¡ L−l pÇf¨ZÑ p¡C−ul ¢el¡fš¡l
hÉhÙÛ¡ −kje a¡−cl Ll−a qu, −aj¢e hÉ¢š²Na B−hN Ae¤i¢¨ a−LJ A−eL
pju a¡−cl ¢hpSÑe ¢c−a quz
HC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL ¢hm¡−pl h¡h¡ ¢eh¡lZ ¢Rm p¡Cc¡lz −p h¡¢s−a Ù»£
Hhw ï¡a«hd§ -- HC c¤C j¢qm¡−L Bpæ fËph¡ −l−M i¡C fy¡Q¥ pq HLV¡ BÙ¹
p¡C ¢e−u pj¤−âl E−Ÿ−nÉ f¡¢s ¢c−u¢Rm -- ""¢eh¡lZ p¡Cc¡lz a¡−L ph
−cM¡−n¡e¡ Ll−a q−h ¢N−uz ph¡C k¡œ¡ L−l h−p B−Rz Ef¡u −eCz hmm, H–¡
kMe −hC−l−R, Bl H–¡J −hl¦−hz c¤-c™ B−N Bl f−lz ¢L¿¹¥e Bl −cl£
Ll¡ k¡u e¡z''175 a−h HC V¡−el jlp¤¤−j p¡C ¢e−u ¢N−uJ "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl
S£h−el c¤xM −O¡−Q e¡ -- L¡lJ L¡lJ fË¡Z ¢hpSÑe ¢c−u p¡C ¢g−l B−p --
""c¢r−Z k¡Ju¡ hs k¡Ju¡z Lb¡u h−m, k−jl c¤u¡l c¢r−Zz pj¤−â k¡h¡l
−l−S¢ØVÊ A¢gp −fl¦−mC ay¡l l¡SÉz ¢g−l Bp¡ e¡ Bp¡ ay¡l q¡az cu¡ Ll−m
−lq¡C −eCz R¡s−m −eC −LE j¡l¡lz ¢g hR−lC c¤-HLSe −b−L k¡uz ph¡C −k
X¡P¡u k¡u a¡ euz pj¤−âl N−iÑJ k¡u −LE −LEz −pV¡C k¡u −h¢nz ¢h−no
j¡R-j¡l¡l¡z''176 HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢eh¡lZ p¡Cc¡lJ pj¤−âl h¤−L fË¡Z ¢hpSÑe
¢c−u−Rz ANËq¡uZ j¡−p "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ p¡C ¢e−u lJe¡ ¢c−u −f±o, j¡O j¡p L¡¢V−u
g¡ÒN¥−e ¢g−l B−pz °Qœ −b−LC a¡−cl c¤xM öl¦ qu, k¡ °hn¡M, °SÉù L¡¢V−u
Bo¡−tl Að¥h¡Q£ fkÑ¿¹ Q−mz Hlfl "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ N‰¡u j¡R dl¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ f¡¢s
−cu -- ""ANËq¡uZ, −f±o, j¡O, g¡ÒN¥ez g¡ÒN¥e fs−a e¡ fs−a B−p cM−e
h¡Jsz pj¤â −j−a J−W ¢e−Sl m£m¡uz . . .j¡Rj¡l¡ ¢g−l B−pz ¢L¿¹¥ hE S¡−Nz
−Le, e¡, Hl e¡j °Qœj¡pz Lb¡u h−m °Qa-−V¡V¡z AbÑ¡v °Qœ-jeÄ¿¹lz . .
.a¡lfl °hn¡−M ea¥e Sm Bp−a b¡−L, °SÉ−ù Q−m fËÙ¹¥¢a, Bo¡−t, B−p
Að¥h¡Q£z''177
p¡C ¢g−l H−m "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl AhÙÛ¡l ¢LR¥V¡ f¢lhaÑe O−V h−V; ¢L¿¹¥
k¡l¡ p¡C−u k¡u e¡, a¡−cl Ai¡−hl −no b¡−L e¡z EfeÉ¡−p −cM¡ k¡u −k,
388
¢eh¡l−Zl jªaÉ¥l fl a¡l i¡C fy¡Q¥ c¢r−Z pj¤−â k¡Ju¡l p¡qp L−l e¡ JW¡u
a¡l f¢lh¡−ll Ai¡h −no q−aC Q¡u e¡ --
""Na j¡O j¡−p −e±L¡ hy¡d¡ f−s¢Rm jq¡S−el L¡−Rz j¡O g¡ÒN¥−e °Qœ
°hn¡M °SÉù Bo¡tz Bo¡−tl BS A−dÑL f¡l q−u −Nmz Ha¢ce h¡−c −ce¡l
Ef−l Bh¡l ea¥e j¤Q−mL¡ ¢c−u, −e±L¡ R¡s¡−e¡ qmz BS fy¡Q hRl d−l, ¢g
hR−l −e±L¡ hy¡d¡ f−s−Rz Qœ²¡L¡−l h¡s−R −ce¡z
¢L¿¹¥ Ef¡u L£z H pj−u −kje L−l −q¡L N‰¡u Bp−aC q−hz fË¢a
hRlC Bn¡ b¡−L, H hRl qu−a¡ jq¡S−el GZ −n¡d q−hz qu e¡z k¢c N‰¡l
cu¡ qu, a−h L−uL j¡p Q−mz a¡lfl Bh¡l −k-−L-−pCz
ah¤ Bp−a q−hz k¡l −e±L¡ −eC, jq¡S−el L¡R −b−L −e±L¡ i¡s¡
¢e−uJ −p Bp−hz H ¢j−W S−ml V¡e, hs V¡ez k¢c −cu −a¡ N‰¡C −c−h q¡a
i−lz e¡ ¢c−m jlZz''178
EfeÉ¡−p −cM¡ k¡u −k, pu¡l¡j J a¡l c¡c¡ c™¡l¡j−L −ce¡l c¡−u
¢e−Sl −e±L¡C jq¡S−el L¡R −b−L i¡s¡u ¢e−u j¡R dl−a −k−a quz j¡R
¢WLja −f−m a¡−cl p¡j¢uL Ai¡h c§l quz ¢L¿¹¥ phpju j¡R f¡Ju¡J k¡u e¡
-- ""j¡R h'−m Lb¡z −kje a¡l j¢SÑ, −aj¢e S−ml j¢SÑ, −p L¡l¦l fËS¡ euz
M¡Se-−VL−p¡l d¡l d¡−l e¡z Sm k¢c Hm −a¡, Hje Hm −a¡j¡l Olh¡¢s −Ma-
M¡j¡l ph i¡¢p−u ¢e−u −Nmz e¡ H−m¡ −a¡ L¡yc−mJ c¤'−gy¡V¡ Bp−h e¡z''179
HC L¡l−ZC a¡−cl Ai¡h −O¡−Q e¡z a¡C A−eL "j¡Rj¡l¡' j¡R dl¡l hª¢š −R−s
Q¡o¡h¡c öl¦ L−l -- ""A−e−L Q¡o-Bh¡c d−l−Rz j¡−Rl L¡−S −eC Bl a¡l¡z
HM¡−e S£he hs pwnuz hy¡Q¡jl¡ S−ml q¡−az k¡ −ce phC ay¡l cu¡z e¡ ¢c−m
Sm jC−u −gm−mJ ¢LR¥ q−h e¡z''180 a−h k¡−cl Ef¡u b¡−L e¡, a¡l¡ j¡−Rl
jlp¤¤−j p¡w−m¡ S¡m, f¡ep¡ S¡m, h¡R¡¢l S¡m, V¡eRy¡¢c S¡m, hy¡d¡Ry¡¢c S¡m, My¤−V
S¡m CaÉ¡¢c e¡e¡ dl−el S¡m ¢c−u N‰¡h−r j¡Rdl¡l L¡S L−lz HC pjÙ¹
S¡−ml j−dÉ p¡w−m¡ S¡m qm C¢mn j¡R dl¡l S¡mz Hl hZÑe¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL
¢m−M−Re -- ""p¡w−m¡ S¡m b¡−L −a¡j¡l q¡−az S¡−ml c¤C mð¡ j¤M, c¤C p¢m
fl¡−e¡ B−R a¡−az p¢m qm L¢’z S¡−ml j¤−M p¢m, S¡−ml j¤Mz Jf−ll

389
p¢m−a hy¡d¡ L¡¢Rz −pC L¡¢R i¡V¡l ¢ial ¢c−u hy¡d¡ B−R ¢e−Ql p¢ml p−‰z
S¡m −a¡j¡l qy¡ L−l b¡L−h j¡¢V−az e£−Ql p¢m−a b¡L−h ¢nm, AbÑ¡v i¡lz
JC i¡l S¡m S−ml e£−Qz B¾c¡S Q¡Cz −W¢L−u e¡J S¡m¢V j¡¢V−az kMe
−WL¡−h, aMe HL q¡a a¥−m l¡M−hz ph pju, f¡a¡−ml j¡¢V −b−L p¡w−m¡
HLq¡a EyQ¥−a b¡L−hz''181 j¡R dl−a Bp¡l pju H ph S¡−m j¡R fs¥L
Bl e¡-fs¥L "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ jq¡S−el q¡a −b−L −lq¡C f¡u e¡z HL¢c−L nq−ll
g−s−cl j−dÉC a¡−cl jq¡Se b¡−L, Afl¢c−L NË¡−jl jq¡SeJ H−p −pM¡−e
q¡¢Sl quz a¡C Q¾ceeN−l fy¡Q¥−cl jq¡Se f¡mjn¡C−L Bp−a −cM¡ k¡u --
""f§¢ZÑj¡l ¢ceC f¤h −b−L Hm f¡mjn¡C -- j¡Rj¡l¡−cl jq¡Sez . . . fË¢ahRlC
B−pz j¡R fs−m ¢e−SC g−s f¡C−Ll−cl −X−L clcÙ¹¥l L−lz j¡R ¢h¢œ² L−l,
V¡L¡ l¡−M ¢e−Sl f−L−Vz ¢q−ph l¡−M¡ La −n¡d k¡−µRz M¡h¡l V¡L¡ −eC?
BµR¡, HC e¡J Q¡−ml c¡jz L£ −Nm¡V¡C ¢Nm−a f¡l h¡f¤ −a¡jl¡z
jq¡S−el Hj¢e Lb¡z BnËu −eu H−p N−”l Q¡m¡uz −q¡−V−m M¡uz L£
−M−u b¡L−a q−h −p i¡he¡ −eCz jq¡Se j¡e¤o, T¥¢m a¡l n§eÉ b¡−L e¡z eC−m
−p jq¡Se −Lez . . . fup¡¢V −gm−h, q¡−al L¡−R ph q¡¢Slz''182 HC pju
pj¤−â "−V¡V¡' AbÑ¡v p¡j¢uL jeÄ¿¹l −cM¡ ¢c−mJ HCph jq¡Se−cl q¡a −b−L
"j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ −lq¡C f¡u ez
N‰¡l h¤−LJ j¡Rj¡l¡−cl S£h−e −l¡N−i¡−Nl Ai¡h b¡−L e¡z Hl j−dÉ
−h¢nli¡NC qm -- e¡ −M−a f¡Ju¡u Af¤¢øS¢ea −l¡Nz Ae¡q¡l, AdÑ¡q¡l −b−L
Bj¡n−ul ja j¡l¡aÈL −l¡N −m−NC b¡−L -- ""nje H−p−R q¡−a Lm−jz Ll¡m
−l¡N, Bj¡n−ul jq¡j¡l£ ¢e−u Bp−Rz HC Sm, −l¡c Bl hª¢øz −f−V −eC
f¤−l¡i¡az j¡b¡ Q¡s¡ ¢c−µR −l¡Nz . . . iuˆl lš²-Bj¡n¡ −cM¡ −cuz''183
EfeÉ¡−p fy¡Q¥l HC lš² Bj¡nu −l¡−NC jªaÉ¥ q−u−Rz HR¡s¡J phÑrZ S−m
b¡L¡l L¡l−Z a¡−cl nl£−l q¡S¡ e¡jL cNc−N O¡ −m−NC b¡−Lz a−h kaC
Ap¤¤M-¢hp¤¤M −q¡L e¡ −Le, a¡−cl S£h−e X¡š²¡l-L¢hl¡−Sl −aje A¢Ù¹aÆ −cM−a
f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z a¡C ¢hm¡−pl q¡S¡ q−m −p ¢e−S ¢e−SC a¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡ L−l --

390
""q¡aM¡e h¤¢T ¢Ry−s f−s −l pu¡z q¡S¡ h−s¡ cNcN L−lz RC−u −Ny¡S¡ B−R
fÉ¡L¡¢V, …y−s¡l am¡u B−R N¡−hl BW¡z H–¥ Nlj L−l ¢c'¢ez
N¡−hl BW¡ Nlj L−l, ¢hm¡−pl c¤'q¡−a j¡¢M−u ¢cm pu¡l¡j, ¢e−Sl
q¡−aJ j¡Mmz S−ml L¡¢R Bl pq−S −L−V hp−a f¡l−h e¡z''184
N‰¡u j¡R e¡ f¡Ju¡ −N−m "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl c¤x−Ml −a¡ A¿¹ b¡−LC e¡, j¡R
−f−mJ a¡−cl f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a M¤h HLV¡ f¢lh¢aÑa qu e¡z L¡lZ aMe j¡−Rl c¡j
f−s k¡uz a¡C "−V¡V¡' −L−V fËQ¥l j¡−Rl Bjc¡e£ OV−m −cM¡ k¡u -- ""j¡−Rl
f¡CL¡l£ cl HL−n¡ −b−L Bn£, pšl, o¡V, f’¡−n −e−j Hm B−Ù¹ B−Ù¹z
−kje L−l −S¡u¡e −L¡V¡m −no quz . . .cl Ljm h−V j¡−Rlz j¡Rj¡l¡l¡ ah¤
r¡¿¹ qu e¡ pq−Sz j¡R j¡¢V−a fy¥−a −gm¡l ¢ce B−p¢ez a¡J quz AfkÑ¡ç
j¡R, f−Q k¡u, f−s b¡−L h¡S¡−l, q¡Ju¡ c§¢oa quz −p lLjJ q−u−R A−eL
h¡lz''185 k¡C −q¡L, HC EfeÉ¡−p −nofkÑ¿¹ "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S¡−m fËQ¥l j¡R
f−sz g−m a¡−cl Bu-Ef¡SÑe i¡−m¡C quz Hlfl jlp¤¤j −no q−m ph¡C
H−L H−L h¡¢s ¢g−l B−pz HCpju N‰¡J −ke hc−m k¡u -- ""−e±L¡ Lj −cM¡
k¡u N‰¡uz Ha¢ce −ke j¡Rj¡l¡−cl −jm¡ h−p¢Rmz HMe N‰¡l h¤LM¡¢e h−s¡
¢el¡m¡ ¢el¡m¡ m¡−Nz''186
KfeÉ¡¢pL "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el p−‰ k¤š² l£¢a-e£¢a, BQ¡l-pwú«¢a,
pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡L¡Q¡l-−m¡LLb¡l h¡Ù¹h R¢hJ Hy−L−Rez ÙÛ¡e£u Evph
Ae¤ù¡−el j−dÉ HC EfeÉ¡−p "p¡S¡l Evph' AbÑ¡v phÑSe£e N‰¡f§S¡l E−õM
B−Rz HSeÉ fË−aÉL "j¡Rj¡l¡'−L HL¢V i¡V¡l pju f¡Ju¡ pjÙ¹ j¡R Qy¡c¡
¢q−p−h "p¡Si¡V¡' ¢c−a quz HC p¡Si¡V¡ Efm−r a¡l¡ e¡e¡ B−j¡c-fË−j¡−c
−j−a J−Wz ¢ejÀh−‰l p¤¤¾cl he A’−m Q−m h−el l¡S¡ " c¢rZ l¡u'-Hl
l¡SaÆz −p A’−m ay¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l A−eL −m¡LLb¡ fËQ¢ma B−R; k¡l ¢LR¥
f¢lQu HC EfeÉ¡−pJ B−R -- "" . . . C¢e q−me c¢rZ l¡uz −py¡cl h−el
l¡S¡z X¡P¡l ka a¥L, ph Juy¡l RcÈ−hnz ¢q−p−h L¥¢m−u JW¡ c¡uz l¡a¢h−l−a,
eu −a¡ −py¡cl h−el f¡−n, −e¡Pl Ll−m, Jyu¡l e¡j ¢e−a e¡Cz c¢rZ l¡−ul
Bl HL e¡j hs −nu¡mz −X−L −e' −N' j¤™ dlR¡s¡ L−l jsjs L−l
391
¢Qh¤−hz''187 HR¡s¡J ¢eh¡lZ p¡Cc¡l−L −L¾cÊ L−l fy¡Q¥ −p A’−ml e¡e¡
L¡¢q¢el Aha¡lZ¡ L−l−R, −k…¢m −m¡LLb¡l fkÑ¡−u −fy±−R −N−Rz
"j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el e¡e¡ pwú¡l ¢hnÄ¡−pl f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u HM¡−e
k¡œ¡f−bl ¢LR¥ ¢euj j¡e¡l Lb¡ hm¡ q−u−R -- ""k¡œ¡ f−b LµRfz Ly¡Ls¡,
LµRf, Lm¡ -- k¡œ¡l pju Am¤r−Z ¢Qq²z c¤ i¡C−ulC h¤−Ll j−dÉ ¢exn−ë
¢hcÉ¥v¢nM¡ HLh¡l ¢QL¢QL L−l EWmz H ¢L−pl C¢‰az''188 Bh¡l
"j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ pj¤−â j¡R dl−a −N−m h¡¢s−a a¡−cl Ù»£l¡ e¡e¡ c¤¢ÕQ¿¹¡u ¢ce
L¡V¡uz g−m −pM¡e −b−L a¡−cl j−e e¡e¡ ¢hnÄ¡−pl SeÈ qu -- ""BN−e Hm
f¢µQ−j nÉ¡JV¡, L£ n£az −b−L −b−L AN¡−e Bh¡l cM−e h¡Jlz −c−M Bj¡l
h¤L Ly¡f−a e¡Nmz H¢L AOVe N'z Hje −a¡ −c¢Me£ N' h¡−fl S−eÈz −pC
Bj¡l h¤L Ly¡fmz −L¡−ml −RC−m Bj¡l öc¤ öc¤ −Ly−èLy¥−è −Ly−c A¢ÙÛlz −pC
−a¡ Bj¡l je hm¢Rm N'z''189
HC EfeÉ¡−p "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el e¡e¡ B−j¡c-Eõ¡−pl f¢lQuJ
B−Rz Hl j−dÉ AeÉaj qm "h¡R¡s' ¢ehÑ¡Qez EfeÉ¡−p HLpju ¢hm¡−pl h¡h¡
¢eh¡lZ ¢Rm "h¡R¡s'; f−l LcÚ−j fy¡Q¥−L q¡¢l−u ¢hm¡p ¢e−S "h¡R¡s' ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa
qu -- ""Jl h¡f ¢Rm h¡R¡sz −p ph B−Nl ¢c−el ¢houz Q¡l-fy¡Q j−Zl
a¡mN¡−Rl …y¢s HL¢c−L d−l a¥−m, −V−e −k ph−Q−u −h¢n c§−l ¢e−u −k−a
f¡l−h, a¡−L ph¡C pÇj¡e −cu, h¡R¡s h−mz''190
"j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−e ¢h−ul fËp‰J HC EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz a¡−cl pj¡−S
p¡d¡lZa −j−u−cl h¡mÉhu−pC ¢h−u q−u k¡uz a¡C KfeÉ¡¢pL−L hm−a −n¡e¡
k¡u -- ""¢h−ul hu−p kMe ¢h−u ¢c−m h¡h¡ j¡, aMe hE−ul hup fy¡Q ¢L Ruz
−p hE e¡ f¡−l ly¡d−a h¡s−a, e¡ S¡−e S¡m h¤e−a, −pm¡C Ll−az ü¡j£l p−‰
−n¡u −a¡ c§−ll Lb¡z H‚¡ −c¡‚¡ −Mm−R, ¢fV¥¢ml −N¡V¡ ¢c−u −Mm−R O¤¢Vz nÄöl
n¡ö¢sl hL¥¢e Bl j¡l −M−u −Ly−c−R h−p WÉ¡w R¢s−uz''191 a−h H−cl pj¡−S
e¡l£-f¤l¦−ol −r−œ p¡j¡¢SL ¢h¢d¢e−od, m‹¡-nl−jl −aje Ls¡L¢s −eC
hm−mC Q−m -- ""B−l j¡Rj¡l¡, −a¡l m‹¡ −eCz p¤¤¢c−e a¥C HL, c¤¢cÑ−e a¥C
Bl HL j¡e¤oz Hj¢e L−l −a¡l OlZ£−L d−l HLSez −a¡−L d−l Bl
392
HLSez''192 qu−a¡ HSeÉ Aj−aÑl Ù»£ ¢hm¡p−L fË−m¡¢ia Ll¡l SeÉ hý
fË−Qø¡ Q¡¢m−u−Rz ¢hm¡pJ p¤¤−k¡N j−a¡ a¡l p−‰ n¡l£¢lL pÇfLÑ ÙÛ¡fe L−l
HLpju ¢h−h−Ll cwn−e i¥−N Bh¡l ¢q¢jl p−‰ pÇfLÑ °a¢l L−l−Rz c¡¢je£
g−s¢el e¡a¢e ¢q¢jJ Q¢l−œl ¢cL −b−L pa£ p¡dÆ£ ¢Rm e¡z a¡l j¡-J ¢hdh¡
q−u °ü¢lZ£ q−u¢Rmz Balh¡m¡l f¢lQ−uJ KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re −k, "Bal
pdh¡ eu, ¢hdh¡ eu, öd¤ g−se£'z EfeÉ¡p¢Vl Hph ¢c−L eSl ¢c−u AdÉ¡fL
nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡'u Bjl¡ f¡C
jvpÉS£h£pj¡−Sl A−m±¢LL pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡−p B¢hø, ec£-pj¤−âl −S¡u¡l-i¡V¡-V¡e-
BhaÑ fËi«¢a fËLV J −N¡fe ¢hf−cl p¢qa A¢hla pwNË¡−j fË¢a j¤q¨−aÑ
jªaÉ¥lq−pÉl pÇj¥M£e, Sm−pË¡a J j−e¡−pË¡−al −hNh¡e fÔ¡h−el j−dÉ AaÉ¡SÉ
pwú¡−l f¢lZa S£hee£¢al −e¡P−l cªtpwhÜ S£h−el Af§hÑ f¢lQuz''193 a¡C
HLb¡ hm¡C k¡u −k, l£¢a-e£¢a, BQ¡l-pwú«¢a, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡−ll fË−nÀJ "N‰¡'
EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mLa¡l naÑ f§lZ L−l−Rz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc,
h¡pÙÛ¡−el f¢lQuJ KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢c−u−Rez j¡Rj¡l¡−cl S£h−el −h¢nli¡N pju
ec£l h¤−L −e±L¡u L¡−Vz −pM¡−e −e±L¡−a SÆ¡m¡h¡l SeÉ −a¡m¡ Ee¤e "¢ah¢s'−a
l¡æ¡h¡æ¡ L−l a¡l¡ M¡Ju¡-c¡Ju¡ p¡−lz H−cl M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡u p¡d¡lZa Nlj i¡a,
mˆ¡-qm¤c h¡V¡ X¡m Hhw e¤e b¡−Lz Hph ¢c−uC a¡l¡ Bd−fV¡ −M−u N‰¡l
h¤−L j¡R d−lz a−h S¡−m −h¢n j¡R fs−m, Bu-Ef¡SÑe −h¢n q−m a¡−cl M¡cÉ
a¡¢mL¡−aJ f¢lhaÑe B−p -- ""j¡Rj¡l¡l¡ HMe X¡m M¡u, HLV¥ ¢fyu¡S
Ly¡Q¡mˆ¡J B−pz −X−P¡ X¡V¡l p−‰ c¤-Q¡l−V −N¡m Bm¤l n−Ml M¡Ju¡J −cM¡
k¡uz a¡C pu¡l¡j h¡S¡−l k¡uz''194 −f¡n¡L-Bn¡−Ll −r−œ "j¡Rj¡l¡'l¡ EdÑ¡‰
M¡¢m −l−M ¢ejÀ¡−‰ −ew¢Vl ja L¡fs f¢ld¡e L−l hoÑ¡l S−m ¢iS−a ¢iS−a
j¡R d−lz −j−ul¡ n¡¢s fl−mJ a¡−cl nl£−l hÔ¡ES p¡d¡lZa b¡−L e¡z
fË−aÉL "j¡Rj¡l¡'l ¢eSü h¡¢sOl b¡L−mJ hR−ll A¢dL¡wn pju H−cl
−e±L¡u L¡V¡−a qu SeÉ −e±L¡C H−cl h¡pÙÛ¡−el fkÑ¡−u E−W B−p --

393
""j¡Rj¡l¡l h¡qe qm −e±L¡z −kjeC −q¡L, S−m i¡ph¡l j−a¡ HLV¡ q−mC
q−m¡z e¡ b¡L−mC qm −L¡−e¡ lLj g¥−V¡, g¡Vmz b¡L−m Q−m e¡z −Lee¡,
S−mC −a¡j¡l AøfËql h¡pz AN¢al N¢a h−m, HM¡−e N‰¡l M¡¢al −eCz g¥−V¡
−f−m, JM¡e ¢c−u Y¥−L E¢e −a¡j¡−L am¡u V¡e−hez''195 a¡C fË−aÉL
"j¡Rj¡l¡' ¢e−Sl −e±L¡l fË¢a A¢a¢lš² kaÀ −eu Hhw phÑ¡−fr¡ kaÀ −euz
Hi¡−h HC EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mL M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-Bn¡L, h¡¢sO−ll
fËp‰J H−p−Rz
pj−ln hp¤¤ "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V j¡eÉQ¢ma h¡wm¡ i¡o¡−aC lQe¡ L−l−Rez
a−h pwm¡−fl −r−œ ¢a¢e ¢ejÀh−‰ fËQ¢ma p¡d¡lZ LbÉl£¢a hÉhq¡l L−l−Rez
HSeÉ EfeÉ¡−p −p A’−m fËQ¢ma hý nëJ ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz −kje -- "L¥aO¡V',
"n¡hl', "¢ah¢s', "−N¡−e', "−h−N¡−e', "h¡R¡s', "p¡S¡l' "p¡Si¡V¡', "cM−e
h¡Js', "f¡b¡¢m Qm¡', "−LyÉ¡Q¡', "−j−L¡', "−S¡u¡e −L¡V¡m' J "jl¡ −L¡V¡m',
"i¡l£ −N¡e', "BNÚe¡', "QL', "−h¢m−u k¡Ju¡' fËi«¢a ApwMÉ ÙÛ¡e£u në HC
EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz p¤¤al¡w hm¡ k¡u i¡o¡ hÉhq¡−ll −r−œJ HM¡−e B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl naÑ −j−e −eJu¡ q−u−Rz
HR¡s¡J EfeÉ¡p¢V−a "j¡Rj¡l¡'−cl S£h−el p−‰ pÇf«š² ¢LR¥ N¡eJ ÙÛ¡e
−f−u−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢hm¡−pl j¤−M Hl©f −hn L−uL¢V N¡e S¥−s ¢c−u−Rez −kje
--
1z ""Bj¡l ¢LR¥C e¡C je
B¢j i¡ph AL¨m f¡b¡−l −q
HC Bj¡l j¢a ¢hmrZz''196

2z ""Bj¡l X¡L f−s−R p¡N−l,

W¡L¥l, Bj¡l −k−a je L−lz''197

3z ""pSe£ Bj¡u e¡ X¡L ¢f−Rz

Bj¡−L X¡L ¢c−u−R

394
 jq¡p¡N−lzz . . .''198

4z ""J−l Eš¥−l h¡a¡p hu −l

L£ iu −a¡l T¥−V¡ X¡L¡h¤−L¡ −l,
f¡ep¡ S¡−ml py¡C −X−L−R p¡N−lzz''199

p¤¤al¡w −cM¡ k¡−µR −k, pj−ln hp¤¤l "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HL¢V p¡bÑL
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ mrZ fËL¢Va q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l
¢hou¢V AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u Hhw pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul
E¢š²−aJ Øfø q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V j§mÉ¡u−e nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re --
""HL¢V ¢h−no A’−ml jvpÉS£h£pÇfËc¡−ul S£hek¡œ¡l Hl©f ¢eMy¥a fË¢aµR¢h J
A¿¹NѨt −fËlZ¡ h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p AeÉœ c¤mÑiz −mML öd¤ Eq¡−cl S£hek¡œ¡l
h¢qOÑVe¡C ¢h¢Qœ L−le e¡C, Eq¡−cl j¤−Ml i¡o¡, A¿¹−ll AdÑØg¥V ¢Q¿¹¡ J
B−h−Nl Øf¾ce, Eq¡−cl S£he−h¡−dl pjÙ¹ fË−c¡o¡åL¡l AØføa¡ J lqpÉOe
erœc£¢ç Bj¡−cl ¢eLV Af§hÑ cra¡l p¢qa EcÚO¡¢Va L¢lu¡−Rez −S−m−cl
S£h−el p¢qa ¢a¢e Hl©f Ni£li¡−h HL¡aÈ qCu¡−Re −k, −e±L¡Q¡me¡pwœ²¡¿¹
pjÙ¹ f¢li¡o¡, e¡e¡lL−jl −YEHl ül©f J pw‘¡, -- k¡q¡l E−õM iâ p¡¢q−aÉ
f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡, -- a¡q¡J ¢a¢e Ahm£m¡œ²−j Buš Hhw kb¡−k¡NÉi¡−h fË−u¡N
L¢lu¡−Rez''200 Bl p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""N‰¡' fËp−‰ fË¡p¢‰L
Bf¢š…¢m−L d¡j¡Q¡f¡ e¡-¢c−uJ, k¤−Ü¡šl h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl ab¡L¢ba
A¢i‘a¡l A¢ieh EfeÉ¡p…¢ml ¢cL a¡¢L−u H-Lb¡ hm−a qu −k, "N‰¡'l
KfeÉ¡¢pL cªta¡ H-S¡a£u AeÉ EfeÉ¡p…¢ml a¥me¡u ¢p¢Ül A−eL
¢eLValz''201 A−e−L AhnÉ "N‰¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −nËZ£ ¢hQ¡l Ll−a h−p H−L
pj−ln hp¤¤l jªaÉ¥−Qae¡ j§mL EfeÉ¡p h−m ja ¢c−u b¡−Lez ¢hm¡−pl pj¤â
k¡œ¡ Bp−m jªaÉ¥l A¢ij¤−MC k¡œ¡z qu−a¡ pj¡−m¡QL−cl HC hš²−hÉl p¡lhš¡
B−R; a−h −p¢V Bj¡−cl ¢hQ¡kÑ euz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B’¢mLa¡l mrZ…¢m

395
−ki¡−h fËL¢Va q−u−R, a¡−a H−L h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl AeÉaj −nËù B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl ü£L«¢a ¢c−a quz
fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢V 1957 ¢MËØV¡−ë fËL¡¢na quz HC
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j qm p¤¤c§l e¡N¡ f¡q¡sz HM¡−e KfeÉ¡¢pL fË¡LÚ-ü¡d£ea¡
f−hÑl e¡N¡mÉ¡−™l i¨¢jf¤œ−cl −l¡j¡’Ll S£he f¢lœ²j¡−L a¥−m dl−a fËu¡p£
q−u−Rez HC EfeÉ¡p¢V ¢a¢e "−cn' f¢œL¡l fËh¡cfË¢aj pÇf¡cL nË−Üu
p¡Nlju −O¡o−L EvpNÑ L−lez HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl "−mM−Ll Lb¡' Aw−n
KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re −k, p¡Nlju −O¡−ol Evp¡q J −fËlZ¡u ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢V
lQe¡u hËa£ qez p¡Nlju −O¡o ay¡−L e¡N¡−cl S£he f¢lœ²j¡ pÇf−LÑ Ah¢qa
q−a Hhw abÉ pwNË−ql SeÉ e¡N¡ f¡q¡−s f¡¢W−u¢R−mez p¤¤al¡w H¢V −mM−Ll
h¡Ù¹h A¢i‘a¡ J Efm¢ìS¡a ¢ho−ul EfeÉ¡p-pwl©fz "−mM−Ll Lb¡' Aw−n
GZü£L¡−ll pj−uJ Hl Bi¡p f¡Ju¡ k¡u -- ""−pC ¢ae¢V f¡q¡¢s pcÑ¡l, k¡l¡
¢c−el fl ¢ce, l¡−al fl l¡a Bj¡−L a¡−cl S£heLb¡, l©fLb¡, EfLb¡
Hhw ApwMÉ Ef¡c¡e k¤¢N−u "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' lQe¡ pñh L−l−R a¡−cl L¡−R Bj¡l
202
GZ fhÑafËj¡Zz'' EfeÉ¡p¢V−aJ Hl k−bø fË¢agme O−V−Rz a¡C
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢e¢ÜÑd¡u hm−a
f¡−le -- ""Cq¡ i¡l−al f§hÑ-p£j¡−¿¹l A¢dh¡p£ f¡hÑaÉ e¡N¡-EfS¡¢al HL¢V
−N¡ù£l ¢h¢Qœ −l¡j¡’Ll S£he-L¡¢qe£z HC e¡N¡ S¡¢al S£he fË¡°N¢aq¡¢pL
k¤−Nl B¢cj pwú¡l J djÑ¢hnÄ¡−pl e¡Nf¡−n cªthÜ J k¤Nk¤N¡¿¹ ¢edÑ¡¢la
p¡j¡¢SL l£¢a-BQ¡l J −N¡ù£f¢al hSÊL−W¡l n¡p−el A−µRcÉi¡−h nª´M¢maz
−mML BÕQkÑ A¿¹cѪ¢ø J p¤¤-¢ehÑ¡¢Qa abÉ-p’u−el p¡q¡−kÉ AlZÉ-J-fhÑaQ¡l£
L−uL¢V j¡eh−N¡ù£l B¢cj-fËhª¢šfËd¡e S£he¢Qœ¢V Af§hÑ hZÑ¡YÉa¡ J
203
p‰¢a−h¡−dl p¢qa Bj¡−cl ¢eLV EcÚO¡¢Va L¢lu¡−Rez''
KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−S HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L "C¢aq¡p¢i¢šL EfeÉ¡p' h−m ja
¢c−u−Re -- ""i¡la p£j¡−¿¹l e¡N¡ EfS¡¢al S£hek¡œ¡ ¢i¢š L−l HC EfeÉ¡p
l¢Qa q−u−Rz e¡N¡−cl j−dÉ −N¡ù£ Hhw hwnNa ApwMÉ i¡N J −ic l−u−Rz

396
e¡e¡ i¡o¡ Hhw Efi¡o¡l fËQme B−Rz pj¡ShÉhÙÛ¡, Evph Hhw djÑ¡Ql−Zl
Be¤o¢‰L l£¢aJ phÑœ HL euz . . . e¡N¡i¨¢jz pwMÉ¡a£a f¡q¡sj¡m¡, c¤NÑj
AlZÉ, ec£-SmfËf¡a-Tle¡-j¡mi¨¢j-EfaÉL¡ ¢c−u −Ol¡ p£j¡−¿¹l HC −cn¢V
pja−ml h¡¢p¾c¡−cl L¡−R Af¢lp£j ¢hØj−ul ¢hou q−u l−u−Rz . . . e¡N¡
f¡q¡−sl ¢epNÑl©f Af§hÑz iuˆl Hhw p¤¤¾c−ll Hje p¡bÑL üµR¾c ¢jnËZ i¡l−al
AeÉ −L¡b¡J B−R ¢Le¡ p−¾cqz . . . H−cl Evf¢š pð−å fËQ¥l l©fLb¡ J
EfLb¡ R¢s−u B−Rz . . . "f§hÑ f¡hÑa£' S¡¢aa−šÄl N−hoZ¡ eu; e¡N¡−cl L¡j-
m¡mp¡-¢qwp¡, eÉ¡u-AeÉ¡u −h¡d Hhw S£h−el â¥a f¢lhaÑe−L −L¾cÊ L−l
204
C¢aq¡p¢i¢šL EfeÉ¡pz'' a−h HM¡−e e¡N¡−cl C¢aq¡−pl p−‰ p−‰C Q−m
H−p−R e¡N¡i¨¢jl i¨−N¡−ml ¢hÙ¹«a f¢lQ−ul fËp‰z AdÉ¡fL ¢n¢nl L¥j¡l c¡−nl
hš²−hÉ Hl −i±−N¡¢mL f¢l−h−nl i¨up£ fËnwp¡ −n¡e¡ k¡uz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu
¢c−a ¢N−u ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u−Re -- "" . . . f§hÑ f¡hÑa£ (1958) ¢houhÙ¹¥ J
205
−i±−N¡¢mL f¢l−h−nl A¢ieh−aÆl SeÉ pj¡cªa quz''
"f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu fËp−‰ j¿¹hÉ Ll¡ q−u−R -- ""f§hÑf¡hÑa£'
e¡N¡−cl k¿»Z¡, h¡pe¡ J pwNË¡−jl phÑfËbj ¢m¢fl©fz HL¡d¡−l a¡−cl S¡a£u
S£h−el C¢aq¡p J EfeÉ¡pz −kje −hNhZÑju −aj¢e dË¥fc£z HC jqv J hªqv
NË¿Û¢V h¡wm¡ ab¡ i¡la£u p¡¢q−aÉl −i±−N¡¢mL f¢l¢d−L ¢e¢ÕQal©−f hý ¢hÙ¹«a
206
L−l−Rz'' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl p§Qe¡u Bjl¡ −c¢M −k, e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹l
ph−Q−u −pl¡ k¤hL BW¡−l¡ hR−ll −pP¡C −lP¢Lm¡e−L p−‰ ¢e−u f¡q¡¢s
¢euj¡e¤p¡−l ¢nL¡−l −hl q−u−Rz AhnÉ AcjÉ fË−Qø¡ p−šÆJ a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡ ¢nL¡l
f¡u ¢ez H−a −lP¢Lm¡−el j−e iu qu −k, −p f¡q¡¢s l£¢a −j−e ¢nL¡−l
k¡h¡l B−Nl l¡−a "−j¡l¡P'-H e¡ ö−u Ù»£l p−‰ "−Lp¤¤P'-H −n¡Ju¡u "B¢eS¡'
l¡N Ll¡u Hje q−u−Rz g−m i−u −p Aü¡i¡¢hL BQlZ öl¦ L−lz H¢c−L
¢nL¡l e¡ −f−mJ −pP¡C a¡−cl ¢Qlnœ¥ ¢VS¥ ec£l Jf¡−ll p¡m¤u¡m¡P h¢Ù¹l
−M¡e−L−L hnÑ¡u g¥−l ¢c−u B−pz −gl¡l f−b −pP¡C a¡−cl −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹l L¡−R
HL f¡q¡¢s TeÑ¡u p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −pl¡ al¦Z£ −j−q¢m−L eNÀ q−u pÀ¡e Ll−a −c−Mz

397
Hpju −p −j−u¢V−L hnÑ¡ qy¡Ll¡−a EcÉa q−mJ −p f¡q¡¢s l£¢a −j−e
BaÈpjfÑZ Ll¡u −pP¡C a¡−L −R−s −cuz a−h fËbj −cM¡ −b−LC HC c¤C
nœ¥f−rl al¦Z-al¦Z£ flØf−ll −fË−j f−sz
−Lm¤¢ll pcÑ¡l M¡−fN¡l hš²hÉ −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u −k, −Lm¤¢l J p¡m¤u¡m¡P
h¢Ù¹l j¡e¤oS−el j−dÉ HLpju q©cÉa¡ ¢Rm; ¢L¿¹¥ −Lm¤¢ll −S¡q¢l hw−nl
−pP¡C-Hl W¡L¥lc¡ −S−ib¡P p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −f¡L¢l hw−nl −j−u S¡j¡ap¤¤l −fË−j
f−s a¡−L q¡¢pm Ll−a Q¡C−m c¤C h¢Ù¹l j−dÉ ¢h−l¡d hy¡−d Hhw −p ¢h−l¡−d
p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −f¡L¢ll¡ −S−ib¡−Pl j¤™¥ −L−V ¢e−u k¡uz a¡C ka¢ce −S¡q¢ll¡
−f¡L¢l−cl ¢ae−V j¡b¡ −L−V e¡ Be−h aa¢ce a¡−cl fË¢a−n¡d −eJu¡ q−h
e¡z HS−eÉC −pP¡C −M¡eÚ−L−L hnÑ¡ qy¡L−l¢Rmz H¢c−L lqpÉjui¡−h −lP¢Lm¡−el
jªaÉ¥ quz f¡q¡¢s e¡N¡l¡ i¡−h ¢nL¡−ll ¢euj e¡ j¡e¡u "−leS¥ B¢eS¡'l
−l¡−oC a¡C jªaÉ¥ q−u−Rz H−a pcÑ¡l M¡−fN¡ −lP¢Lm¡−el Ù»£ p¡m¤e¡l¦−L n¡¢Ù¹
¢c−a Q¡C−m −p S‰−ml j−dÉ f¡¢m−u fËb−j p¡m¤u¡m¡P h¢Ù¹−a Hhw f−l f¡q¡¢s
X¡C¢e h¤¢s e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l L¡−R BnËu −euz HC e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l L¡−RC −pP¡C−L
hn Ll¡l Jo¤d Be−a k¡u −j−q¢mz −j−q¢ml p−‰ a¡l c¡c¡ −M¡eÚ−Ll "m−N¡u¡
−meÉ¥' AbÑ¡v −fË¢jL¡ ¢m−S¡j¤ J h¡åh£ f¢mP¡J k¡uz X¡C¢e h¤¢s e¡L−f¡¢mh¡
Q¡l¢V hnÑ¡ Bl c¤'M¤¢c d¡−el ¢h¢ej−u Jo¤d ¢c−a Q¡uz a−h S¡¢e−u −cu −k, −p
Jo¤d −pP¡C-Hl N¡−u j¡¢M−u ¢c−a q−hz H¢c−L −pP¡CJ fËQ™i¡−h −j−q¢ml
V¡e Ae¤ih Ll¡u HL n£−al l¡−a a¡−cl nœ¥fr p¡m¤u¡m¡−P −j−q¢m−cl
h¢Ù¹−a ¢N−u q¡¢Sl quz aMe −j¡l¡−P f¡q¡¢s a¡j¤eÉ¥ −M¡eÚ−Ll ¢Q¢Lvp¡ Ll¢Rmz
¢L¿¹¥ a¡l Jo¤d L¡S e¡ Ll¡u −p S¡¢e−u −cu −k, −M¡eÚ−L−L B¢eS¡u −f−u−R
Hhw a¡−L ¢hpSÑe e¡ ¢c−m −N¡V¡ p¡m¤u¡m¡P h¢Ù¹−a B¢eS¡l −L¡f −e−j
Bp−hz g−m a¡l Lb¡ja p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl k¤h−Ll¡ −M¡eÚ−Ll AdÑjªa −cq f¡q¡s
−b−L Ni£l M¡−c −g−m −cuz HC pÇf¨ZÑ OVe¡¢V −pP¡C −j¡l¡−Pl Bs¡−m
m¤¢L−u −cM¢Rm; ¢L¿¹¥ W¡™¡u a¡l nl£l Ahn q−u fs−m, −pJ e£−Q f−s k¡uz
H¢c−L l¡−al AåL¡−l −j−q¢m c¡c¡ −M¡eÚ−Ll −cq j−e L−l m¤¢L−u
−pP¡C−L a¡l N¡−Rl Ef−ll O−l ¢e−u B−pz −pP¡C−L −f−u −p c¡c¡l

398
jªaÉ¥−n¡L i¥−m k¡u Hhw −pP¡C−L h−n Be¡l SeÉ e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l L¡−R Jo¤d
Be−a R¥−V k¡uz a¡l p−‰ −M¡eÚ−Ll −fË¢jL¡ ¢m−S¡j¤J ¢Rmz −pM¡−e ¢N−u
p¡m¤e¡l¦l L¡−R a¡l¡ S¡e−a f¡−l −k, −pP¡C-C −M¡eÚ−Ll qaÉ¡L¡l£z HLb¡ ö−e
¢m−S¡j¤ −pM¡e −b−L R¥−V −j−q¢ml O−l Q−m B−p Hhw −pP¡C−L a¡l "m−N¡u¡
−meÉ¥' h¡e¡−a Q¡uz H−a −pP¡C l¡¢S e¡ q−m −p œ²¥Ü q−u −pP¡C−L Bœ²jZ
Ll−a EcÉa quz AhnÉ −pP¡C −hy−Q k¡u Hhw p¡m¤e¡l¦l L¡−R ph ö−e
p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −m¡−Ll¡ −j−q¢ml −pC h¡p¡u B…e d¢l−u ¢m−S¡j¤−L f¤¢s−u ¢c−u
i¡−h −k, a¡l¡ −pP¡C−L f¤¢s−u −j−l−Rz Hlfl −j−q¢ml h¡h¡ e¡e−L¡u¡ NË¡−jl
pcÑ¡−ll −R−m h¡Oj¡e¤o −j¢S¢QS¥−Pl p−‰ −j¡V¡ hEf−Zl ¢h¢ej−u −j−q¢ml ¢h−u
¢WL L−lz H ¢h−u−a −j−q¢ml ja e¡ b¡L¡u −p p¡m¤u¡m¡P h¢Ù¹ −b−L f¡¢m−u
−pP¡C−cl −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹−a H−p BnËu −eu Hhw h¢Ù¹l pcÑ¡l M¡−fN¡−L djÑh¡h¡
h¡e¡uz AhnÉ aMe −pP¡C h¢Ù¹−a ¢Rm e¡, −p p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦l p−‰ e¤e Be−a
−L¡¢qj¡u ¢N−u¢Rmz
C¢aj−dÉ f¡q¡¢s NË¡j…¢m−aJ ¢hË¢Vn Ef¢e−hnh¡−cl R¡u¡ fs−a öl¦
L−lz −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹lC −pP¡C-Hl h¡h¡ ¢p¢S−V¡ Hhw p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦ −f¡s¡ j¡wp
M¡Ju¡l ¢e¢j−š e¤e Be−a −L¡¢qj¡ ¢N−u ¢MËØV¡e djÑk¡SL−cl f¡õ¡u f−sz a¡l¡
H−cl iâ −f¡n¡L-Bn¡L, V¡L¡L¢s fËi«¢al −m¡i −c¢M−u ¢MËØV¡e h¡e¡−a
E−cÉ¡N£ qu Hhw A−eL −r−œ pgmJ quz a−h A−eL S¡uN¡u HCph
djÑ…l¦−cl fË¢a−l¡−dl j¤−M fs−a qu; k¡l j−dÉ AeÉaj qm N¡C¢X¢mJl
fË¢a−l¡dz N¡å£h¡c£ ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ¢hfÔh£ e¡l£ N¡C¢X¢mJ f¡q¡¢s S¡¢al L¡−R
l¡e£ ¢q−p−h fË¢afæ quz −L¡¢qj¡−aC ¢MËØV¡e ¢euj L¡e¤e j¡e−a e¡ Q¡Ju¡u
−pP¡C J p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦ g¡c¡l ¢fu¡pÑe J f¤¢mn p¤¤f¡l hpJ−u−ml −l¡o¡e−m f−sz
a−h −pM¡e −b−L −L¡−e¡lL−j −hy−Q a¡l¡ h¢Ù¹−a ¢g−l B−pz −pP¡C −Lm¤¢l
h¢Ù¹−a ¢g−l H−m ep¤¤ −L−qP j¡−p a¡l J −j−q¢ml ¢h−u ¢WL quz a−h
e¡N¡−cl ¢h−ul l£¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ¢h−ul B−N c¤'j¡p a¡−cl −cM¡ p¡r¡v hå q−u
k¡uz H¢c−L ¢fu¡pÑe −j−q¢m−L EÜ¡−ll fË¢anË¥¢a ¢c−u p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl e¡N¡−cl
Efl Cw−lS−cl ¢eu¿»Z L¡−uj L−lz OVe¡œ²−j −p pju −Lm¤¢l NË¡−j l¡e£

399
N¡C¢X¢mJ H−m hpJ−um °peÉ-p¡j¿¹ ¢e−u −p NË¡j Bœ²jZ L−lz HC Bœ²j−Z
l¡e£ N¡C¢X¢mJ dl¡ e¡ fs−mJ −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹ m™-i™ q−u k¡u, h¤¢s −hPp¡e¤
pq A−e−LC j¡l¡ k¡uz p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −m¡−Ll¡ −j−q¢m−L ¢e−u Q−m k¡uz
Cw−lS−cl Bœ²jZ Ll¡l L¡l−Z −pP¡C−L −L¡¢qj¡u d−l H−e −S−m i−l −cJu¡
quz Ha OVe¡œ²−jl fËi¡−h −pP¡C-Hl j−dÉJ f¢lhaÑe B−p -- −pJ f¡q¡¢s
¢qwp¡ i¥−m Bl fy¡QV¡ j¡e¤−ol ja q−u J−Wz a¡C EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o −cM¡ k¡u
−k, qaÉ¡, jªaÉ¥l ja OVe¡…¢m−a f¡q¡¢s fËL«¢al ¢hl¦−Ü ¢N−u −pJ ¢hQ¢ma
q−u J−W -- ""−pP¡C -- −p heÉ Hhw ¢qwpËz qaÉ¡ ¢Lwh¡ jªaÉ¥ a¡l L¡−R ¢hQ¢ma
qh¡l ja OVe¡C euz S£h−el ph lLj i£oZa¡u −p AiÉÙ¹z ah¤ j¡−d¡m¡−ml
jªaÉ¥−a −p Ly¡c−Rz m¡mp¡, fË¢a¢qwp¡, B−œ²¡n, L¡j, a£hË l¢a−h¡d -- B¢cj
j¡e¤−ol ENË fËhZa¡…−m¡ HC j¤q¨−aÑ a¡l je −b−L j¤−R ¢N−u−Rz HL¢V p¤¤L¥j¡l
hª¢š a¡l Øg¥V−e¡eÈ¥M °QaeÉ−L i−l −l−M−Rz −p¢V qm jja¡, Hhw jja¡l p−‰
Af¢lp£j −hce¡z h¡C−l N¡t L¥u¡n¡ S−j−Rz f¡q¡¢s Qœ²−lM¡ ¢O−l −pC L¥u¡n¡
Ù¹−l Ù¹−l a¥−m¡l j−a¡ T¥m−Rz
−pP¡C-Hl j−e −hce¡ J jja¡l SeÈ qmz
207
−pP¡C-Hl B¢cj S£he −no qmz''
HCi¡−h −pP¡C-Hl B¢cj S£he −no qJu¡l jdÉ ¢c−u fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£'
EfeÉ¡p¢V pj¡ç q−u−Rz
HC "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËL«¢a pÇf−LÑ j¿¹hÉ Ll−a ¢N−u h¡wm¡
EfeÉ¡−pl phÑSe nË−Üu pj¡−m¡QL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""B’¢mL
p¡¢q−aÉl ¢ecnÑZ l©−f nË£fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑ f¡hÑa£' (−p−ÃVðl, 1957) . . .
208
¢h−noi¡−h E−õM−k¡NÉz'' h¡Ù¹¢hL −r−œJ −cM¡ k¡u −k, HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L
KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−S "C¢aq¡p¢i¢šL EfeÉ¡p' hm−mJ HM¡−e C¢aq¡−pl j−dÉ
−b−LC B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl e¡e¡ mrZ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz AdÉ¡fL A−m¡L l¡−ul
"Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ : p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o' NË−¿Û pw−r−f q−mJ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e c¤'¢V naÑ -- B’¢mL fVi¨¢j J −pM¡eL¡l A¢dh¡p£−cl

400
S£heQkÑ¡ a¥−m dl¡l ¢hou¢V ü£L¡l L−l −eJu¡ q−u−R -- ""fËg¥õ l¡−ul
"f§hÑf¡hÑa£' Hhw "−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡'u kb¡œ²−j e¡N¡i¨¢j A’m J f§hÑh¡wm¡l
209
HL¢V ¢h−no A’m J avpwmNÀ j¡eh-S£h−el ¢Qœ EfÙÛ¡¢faz'' HC c¤'¢V
R¡s¡J B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl BlJ −hn ¢LR¥ mrZ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B−Rz HC
mrZ…¢m My¥−S −hl L−l EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l fËL«¢a ¢eZÑu Ll¡C Bj¡−cl
B−m¡Qe¡l fËd¡e E−ŸnÉz
−L¡−e¡ EfeÉ¡p−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl fkÑ¡−u −gm−a q−m EfeÉ¡p¢V−L
fËbj −k naÑ¢V −j−e Qm−a qu, a¡ qm Hl fVi¨¢jNa naÑz "f§hÑf¡hÑa£'
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −r−œ KfeÉ¡¢pL fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h −h−R ¢e−u−Re p¤¤c§l e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl
¢LR¥ NË¡j J h¢Ù¹−Lz HC EfeÉ¡−p ÙÛ¡e f¡Ju¡ −pC pjÙ¹ e¡N¡ NË¡j J h¢Ù¹…¢ml
j−dÉ E−õM−k¡NÉ qm -- −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹, p¡m¤u¡m¡P h¢Ù¹, −pe¤L¡P h¢Ù¹, −bj¡−L¢Xj¡
h¢Ù¹, Cjf¡P h¢Ù¹, m¡wg¥ h¢Ù¹, g¢Qu¡N¡ h¢Ù¹, −j¡LLQP h¢Ù¹ fËi«¢az HC pjÙ¹
NË¡j J h¢Ù¹l j¡−TC fËh¡¢qa q−u−R ¢VS¥ ec£z a−h HC EfeÉ¡−pl pjÙ¹ OVe¡C
−k HCph f¡q¡¢s NË¡j J h¢Ù¹−a O−V−R Hje eu; EfeÉ¡−pl −no¢c−Ll −hn
¢LR¥ OVe¡ nql¡’m −L¡¢qj¡u O−V−Rz HR¡s¡ HM¡−e nql¡’−ml j−dÉ e¡¢Ne£j¡l¡,
¢Xj¡f¤l, CÇgm, …u¡q¡¢Vl fËp‰ B−Rz a−h Bj¡−cl j−e qu nql¡’−ml HC
ÙÛ¡e…¢m EfeÉ¡p¢Vl I¢aq¡¢pL hÉ¡¢ç −cJu¡l S−eÉ Be¡ q−u−R -- Hl j§m
−fËr¡fV −pC e¡N¡ NË¡j J h¢Ù¹…¢ml j−dÉC BhÜz L¡lZ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −h¢nli¡N
OVe¡C −pCph f¡q¡¢s NË¡j J h¢Ù¹…¢m−a O−V−Rz H…¢ml j−dÉ ph−b−L fË¡d¡eÉ
−f−u−R c¤'¢V NË¡j -- −Lm¤¢l J p¡m¤u¡m¡Pz HC c¤'¢Vl j−dÉJ HM¡−e −Lm¤¢l
NË¡−jl fËp‰ −h¢n H−p−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL HC NË¡j¢Vl fËL«¢a, j¡e¤oSe, N¡Rf¡m¡,
−Lp¤¤P ab¡ Olh¡¢s, −j¡l¡P −b−L öl¦ L−l −j¡oh¢ml q¡¢sL¡−Wl hZÑe¡ fkÑ¿¹
¢c−u−Rez HC −Lm¤¢ll f¡n ¢c−uC h−u Q−m−R ¢VS¥ ec£, k¡ p¡m¤u¡m¡P −b−L
H−L fªbL L−l−Rz HC NË¡−jl HL Tle¡−aC eNÀ AhÙÛ¡u pÀ¡ela p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl
−pl¡ −j−u −j−q¢m−L −pP¡C −cM−a f¡uz EfeÉ¡−pl öl¦−aC NË¡j¢Vl h¡¢qÉL
f¢l−h−nl hZÑe¡ B−R -- ""f¡q¡¢s EfaÉL¡z −il¡f¡P N¡−Rl R¡u¡am ¢c−u
¢hn¡m HLV¡ Qs¡C-Hl ¢c−L E−W ¢N−u−Rz −il¡f¡P Bl S£j−h¡ N¡Rz OehÜz
401
f¡q¡−sl a¡j¡i j¡¢V −b−L LZ¡ LZ¡ fË¡Z p’u L−l EŸ¡j q−u E−W−R HC
AlZÉz j¡−T j¡−T p¡P¡¢mu¡ ma¡l R¡u¡L¥”z −kM¡−eC HLV¥ låÊ −f−u−R −pM¡−eC
f¡b¤−l j¡¢V −Q±g¡m¡ L−l j¡b¡ a¥−m−R BM¤¢n Bl −MS¡−Pl −T¡fz Ba¡j¡l£
210
ma¡ p¡−fl ja −h−u −h−u E−W ¢N−u−R M¡−pj N¡−Rl jNX¡−mz'' Hlfl
EfeÉ¡p¢V ka H¢N−u−R KfeÉ¡¢pL HC −Lm¤¢l NË¡jpq e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl AeÉ¡eÉ
A’m…¢ml p−‰J Bj¡−cl f¢l¢Qa L¢l−u−Rez p¢aÉ hm−a ¢L, HC lLj
f¡q¡¢s NË¡j Hhw −p…¢ml fË¡L«¢aL f¢l−hn Bj¡−cl A−e−Ll L¡−RC ¢Ql
Af¢l¢QaC b¡La k¢c KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡−p −p…¢m−L Hi¡−h ¢Q¢œa e¡
Ll−aez HSeÉ nË−Üu Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""f§hÑf¡hÑa£' . . .
211
EfeÉ¡−p ¢a¢e ¢h¢Qœ j¡ehS£he−L Af¢l¢Qa i¨M−™ My¥−S−Rez'' HC "¢h¢Qœ
j¡ehS£he'−L KfeÉ¡¢pL LaV¡ My¥−S −f−u−Re, −pV¡ Bjl¡ f−l My¥−S −hl
Llhz ¢L¿¹¥ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h −k ¢a¢e j§m Sepj¡−Sl h¡C−ll −L¡e
A’m−L AaÉ¿¹ pgmi¡−h HC EfeÉ¡−p a¥−m H−e−Re -- H−a ¢àj−al −L¡−e¡
AhL¡n −eCz
HC EfeÉ¡−p KfeÉ¡¢pL −k L−uL¢V e¡N¡ hw−nl E−õM L−l−Re, −p…¢m
qm −S¡q¢l hwn, −f¡L¢l hwn, −M¡¢M−Lp¡¢l hwn, −S¡−q¢l hwn, −S¡¢l hwn,
¢ep¤¤¢l hwn, −p¡Q¢l hwn, e…−p¢l hwn, A‰¡j£ hwn, −lPj¡ hwn fËi«¢az Bl
−k pjÙ¹ Q¢l−œl p¡r¡v Bjl¡ f¡C, a¡l¡ qm −pP¡C, −lP¢Lm¡e, M¡−fN¡,
−S−ib¡P, ¢e−u¡−e¡, e¢XÊ−m¡, ¢NÉ−q¢e, JP−m, ¢fP−m, −M¡eÚ−L, p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦,
¢p¢S−V¡, p¡’¡jh¡a¡, C¢V−ie, −meÚ¢V−e¡LV¡P, p¡’¡jM¡h¡, ¢fPL¥V¡P, ¢m−L¡LÉ¥Ph¡,
Cj¢VV¡jS¡L, H−V¡P¡, ¢l¢Sj¡M¤P, q¡m¤w, qÉ¡S¡J, ¢Qe¡pPh¡, Em¤h¡P, k¡¢pj¤,
¢gl¡P, −j−q¢m, ¢m−S¡j¤, f¢mP¡, p¡m¤e¡l¦, ¢e¢avp¤¤, X¡C¢e e¡L−f¡¢mh¡, −hPp¡e¤,
g¡p¡J, e¡S¢m, S¡j¡ap¤¤, −qS¡¢m, N¡C¢X¢mJ, jÉ−L¢”, ¢fu¡pÑe, hpJ−um, ØV¥u¡VÑ,
Sepe, i¨oZ, g¥Le, j¡−d¡m¡m j¡−l¡u¡¢l, h¤−d¡m¡m, hp¿¹ fËj¤Mz Hl j−dÉ c¤'-
Q¡lSe Cw−lS, h¡P¡¢m J j¡−l¡u¡l£ R¡s¡ ph¡C ¢h¢iæ hw−nl e¡N¡ el-e¡l£z
Hl¡ ab¡L¢ba ApiÉ l©−fC EfeÉ¡−p ¢Q¢œaz H−cl BQ¡l-BQlZ, L¡kÑLm¡f
−b−L öl¦ L−l ph¢LR¥−aC a¡l R¡f B−Rz a¡C AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u
402
h−m−Re -- ""HC EfeÉ¡−pl el-e¡l£−cl j−dÉ piÉ j¡e−hl Q¢lœü¡a¿»É
c¤¢eÑl£rÉz Cq¡l¡ pL−mC HL p¤¤fË¡Q£e J üaxü£L«a S£he−h¡−dl jq¡pj¤−â
i¡pj¡e ¢h¢µRæ à£fpj§−ql eÉ¡u −L¡efËL¡−l j¡b¡ a¥¢mu¡ B−Rz Cq¡−cl Q¢l−œl
j§m −pC p¡hÑ−i±j pwú«¢al j−dÉC jNÀ; HC Ni£l-−fË¡¢ba j§m j¤š² BL¡−n
¢h−no n¡M¡-fËn¡M¡ ¢hÙ¹¡l L−l e¡Cz pj¡S−â¡q£ ¢Q¿¹¡ qua L¡q¡lJ j−e jªc¤
Øf¾ce a¥¢mu¡−R, ¢L¿¹¥ f¡¢lf¡¢nÄÑ−Ll nÄ¡p−l¡d£ A¢ii−h Cq¡ Aˆ¥¢la qC−a f¡−l
212
e¡Cz'' AhnÉ d£−l d£−l H−cl j−dÉJ f¢lhaÑe H−p−Rz EfeÉ¡−p hªÜ pcÑ¡l
M¡−fN¡ a¡l N−Òf e¡N¡ k¤hL S¡−ib¡−Pl n¡l£¢lL hZÑe¡u h−m−R -- ""j¡b¡l
Q¡¢l¢c−L −N¡m L−l ¢eMy¥a L¡j¡−e¡ Q¥mz L¡−el m¢a−a ¢fa−ml ¢e−uP Nue¡,
−pC Nue¡ −b−L m¡m −ln−jl …µR −c¡c¤m c¤m−Rz E‹Æm a¡j¡i −c−q b−l b−l
−fn£i¡hz fl−e JL R¡−ml −mPa¡z L¢sl h¡S¥håz −R¡V −R¡V −Q¡−M ¢e¢ÕQa
213
O¡a−Ll ¢T¢mLz q¡−al b¡h¡u q¡aM¡−eL mð¡ hnÑ¡l gm¡z'' Bl f¡q¡¢s
e¡l£ ¢e¢avp¤l ¢hhlZ ¢c−a ¢N−u −p S¡¢e−u−R -- ""Nm¡u −R¡V −R¡V n−´Ml
j¡m¡z j¢Zh−å L¢sl LˆZz EÜÑ¡‰ Ae¡hªaz −p¡e¡¢m Ù¹eQ¨s¡z ¢f‰m Q¥−ml …−µR
V¥O¤V¥−O¡V¡P g¥mz −L¡¢qj¡ −b−L h¡f H¢l L¡fs H−e ¢c−u¢Rmz −L¡j−ll Q¡lf¡n
214
¢O−l S¡e¤l Jfl fkÑ¿¹ −pC −n±¢Me BhlZ Tmjm L−lz'' H −b−LC pjÙ¹
f¡q¡¢s el-e¡l£l h¢ql−‰l f¢lQu f¡Ju¡ k¡uz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡uL ¢q−p−h −pP¡C
Hhw e¡¢uL¡ ¢q−p−h −j−q¢m−L A¢h¢qa Ll¡ k¡uz a−h pjNË EfeÉ¡p S¥−s e¡N¡
f¡q¡sJ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ NËqZ L−l EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HL¢V Q¢l−œ f¢lZa q−u−Rz
L¡lZ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl pjNË L¡¢q¢e, OVe¡, Q¢l−œl Efl HC A’m¢Vl A¢hpwh¡¢ca
fËi¡h B−Rz AhnÉ EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o e¡uL −pP¡C e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl h¡C−l ¢N−u
fËbj j¡e¤−ol SeÉ c¤xM-k¿»Z¡ Ae¤ih L−l piÉ q−u E−W−Rz a−h HV¡J ¢WL
−k, f¡q¡s−L −p −i¡−m ¢ez qu−a¡ −Sm −b−L j¤š² qh¡l fl −p f¡q¡−sC ¢g−l
H−p ¢qwpË f−b e¡ ¢N−u AaÉ¿¹ cl−cl p−‰ f¡q¡¢s j¡e¤o…¢ml j¤¢š²l Lb¡,
Eæ¢al Lb¡ i¡h−h Hhw −pSeÉ ¢e−S−L pjfÑZ Ll−hz g−m HV¡ hm¡C k¡u −k,

403
Q¢lœ ¢Qœ−Zl ¢c−L −b−LJ "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a e¡N¡ f¡q¡s Hhw −pM¡−e
hph¡pL¡l£ HLc¡ B¢cj j¡e¤o−cl …l¦aÆ −cJu¡ q−u−Rz
HC EfeÉ¡−p e¡N¡−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡l ¢hhl−Z S¢j fËÙ¹¥a L−l d¡e, kh
Q¡−ol ja ¢hou…¢ml E−õM B−Rz H−a qu−a¡ a¡−cl ¢LR¥V¡ M¡cÉ pwÙÛ¡−el
hÉhÙÛ¡ quz a−h Hl¡ hnÑ¡ qy¡L¢l−u heÉ fö ¢nL¡l−L ph−Q−u −h¢n …l¦aÆ −cuz
HSeÉ −R¡V −b−LC f¡q¡¢s ¢nöl¡ °a¢l qu -- ""p¡j−el Qš−l A−eL…−m¡ −R¡V
−R−m hnÑ¡ Ry¥−s Ry¥−s ¢en¡e¡ ¢WL Ll¢Rmz hs q−u Hl¡C JÙ¹¡c ¢nL¡¢l q−hz . .
215
. a¡−cl hup BV −b−L c−nl j−dÉz eÉ¡w−V¡, qm−c−V N¡−ul lwz'' HC fö
¢nL¡−ll −r−œJ a¡l¡ e¡e¡ ¢euj-L¡e¤e, fËb¡−L −j−e Q−m -- ""e¡N¡−cl j−dÉ
¢nL¡−ll HL¢V fËb¡ B−Rz ¢nL¡¢ll¡ Oe h−el −ial ¢c−u ¢nL¡−ll på¡−e
H¢N−u k¡−hz Bl c¤'Se j¡e¤o hý c§−l f¡q¡−sl fË¡¿¹ −h−u −h−u a¡−cl M¡h¡l
¢e−u Ae¤plZ Ll−hz hy¡−nl Qy¡Q¡¢l−a në a¥−m c¤'c−ml j−dÉ −k¡N¡−k¡N lr¡
216
Ll¡ qu, Hhw Eiu c−ml Ah¢ÙÛ¢a h¤¢T−u −cJu¡ quz'' ¢nL¡−l k¡Ju¡l
B−Nl l¡−a e¡N¡ k¤hL−cl Ù»£l p−‰ −n¡Ju¡ ¢e¢oÜz −LE HC i¥m L−l −gm−m
"−leÚS¥ B¢eS¡'l −L¡−f fs−a q−h h−mC a¡−cl ¢hnÄ¡pz a¡C ¢nL¡−l ¢N−u
−lP¢Lm¡e−L BaÈà−¾à i¥N−a −cM¡ k¡u -- ""L¡m l¡−a −p −j¡l¡−P ö−a k¡u
¢ez hE−ul p−‰ HL nkÉ¡u n£−al l¡a L¡¢V−u −pC Lm¤¢oa −cqje Bl −pC
Af¢hœ SP…¢f L¡fs ¢e−uC −p Q−m H−p−R ¢nL¡−lz ¢nL¡−l Bp¡l B−N
217
öÜ¡Q¡−ll l£¢a −p lr¡ L−l¢ez'' −p¢ce ¢nL¡l e¡ −jm¡u a¡l BaÈà¾à
BlJ h¡−s Hhw −p Aü¡i¡¢hL BQlZ öl¦ L−lz Ah−n−o fË¡Z ¢hpSÑe ¢c−u
−lP¢Lm¡e a¡l f¡f¡Q¡−ll j§mÉ −Q¡L¡uz Hi¡−h −lP¢Lm¡−el jªaÉ¥−L ph¡C
"−leÚS¥ B¢eS¡'l −L¡f h−mC ¢hnÄ¡p L−lz g−m ¢nL¡−l k¡Ju¡l B−Nl l¡−a
a¡l hE−ul p−‰ −n¡Ju¡l ¢hou¢V p¡j−e H−m ph¡C −lP¢Lm¡−el HC AhÙÛ¡l
SeÉ a¡l hE p¡m¤e¡l¦−L c¡u£ L−l Hhw a¡−cl pcÑ¡l hnÑ¡ gy¥−l a¡−L n¡¢Ù¹
¢c−a EcÉa quz p¡m¤e¡l¦ AhnÉ S‰−m f¡¢m−u ¢e−S−L lr¡ L−lz

404
 L«¢o J ¢nL¡l R¡s¡J e¡N¡−cl S£h−e ms¡C-k¤Ü −m−NC b¡−Lz HC pjÙ¹
ms¡C-k¤−ÜlJ ¢LR¥ ¢euj-L¡e¤e B−R, k¡ M¡−fN¡l j¤−M −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹ J p¡m¤u¡m¡P
h¢Ù¹l j−dÉL¡l k¤−Ül NÒf −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u -- ""e¡N¡k¤−Ül ¢euj Ae¤k¡u£ c¤C cm
c¤'f¡−nl ¢LR¥V¡ S‰m f¢l×L¡l Llmz a¡lfl c¤'¢c−LC c¤'−V¡ jn¡m SÆ¡¢m−u
fy¥amz a¡lJ fl k¤Ü Bl−ñl fË¡b¢jL l£¢a −j−e c¤'cmC flØf−ll ¢c−L ¢Xj
Ry¥−s j¡lmz HC ¢Xj −Ry¡s¡ iu¡eL ApÇj¡−el ¢Qq²z ¢VS¥ ec£l c¤'f¡−l c¤C
fË¢afrz L¡−l¡ j¡b¡u −j¡−ol ¢n−Pl h¡q¡¢l j¤L¥Vz q¡−al j¤−W¡u iu¡m L¥s¡−ml
j−a¡ c¡, Ly¡−d −h−al My¡Q¡u l¡¢n l¡¢n a£lz h¤−Ll p¡j−e M¡−pj N¡−Rl R¡m
¢c−u h¡e¡−e¡ Y¡mz j¡b¡u −j¡−ol R¡−ml −flP (¢nlÙÛ¡Z), a¡−a ¢fa−ml
L¡l¦L¡Sz am−f−V …P −MLP (−m¡q¡l BhlZ) Bl h¡ýp¢å fkÑ¿¹ h¡OR¡−ml
218
B−jSP −MLP (Y¡Le¡)z'' Ha −Nm c¤C ¢iæ −N¡ù£l ms¡Cz Hl¡ ¢e−S−cl
j−dÉJ p¡j¡eÉ ¢hou ¢e−u j¡l¡j¡¢l h¡¢d−u −cu -- ""k¡l¡ AaÉ¿¹ Evp¡q£, Ol
−b−L py¡ L−l a¡l¡ M¡−l hnÑ¡ ¢e−u H−p−Rz BL¢ØjL M™k¤−Ül fËÙ¹¥¢az Hl
j−dÉ ¢hØj−ul ¢LR¥ −eC, qah¡L qh¡l L¡lZ −eCz f¡q¡¢s NË¡−j ¢h¾c¥j¡œ
ja¡¿¹l ¢e¢ÕQa jªaÉ¥ −X−L B−ez hnÑ¡l gm¡u pjÙ¹ TNs¡Ty¡¢Vl Ahp¡e
219
quz'' H ¢ho−u e¡l£-f¤l¦−o −L¡−e¡ −ic¡−ic −eCz L¡lZ -- ""f¡q¡¢s pj¡−Sl
l£¢a−a jja¡ −eC, Ll¦Z¡ −eC, p¡j¡eÉ ¢hQÉ¥¢a OV−mJ −fË¢jL f¤l¦o¢V rj¡
220
Ll−h e¡z'' f¤l¦o−cl fËd¡e AÙ» hn¡Ñ, Bl −j−u−cl fËd¡e AÙ» −j¢l−Lap¤¤z
e¡l£l¡J ¢e−S−cl −L¾cÊ L−l f¡q¡¢s f¤l¦o−cl j−dÉ ms¡C h¡d¡−e¡−L N−hÑl h−m
j−e L−lz a¡C EfeÉ¡−p ¢m−S¡j¤l E−ŸnÉ −j−q¢m−L hm−a −n¡e¡ k¡u --
""−M¡eÚ−L−L ¢f¢la L¢lp, a¡ −a¡ S¡¢ez f¡q¡¢s j¡¢N a¥C; −j¡−VJ HLV¡
f¤l¦o−L ¢e−u M¤¢n b¡L−a f¡l¢h? . . . A−eL f¤l¦o−L HLp−‰ j¡¢a−u ¢c¢h,
jS¡¢hz a¡lfl HL f¡−n cy¡¢s−u cy¡¢s−u jS¡ −cM¢hz c¤'h¢Ù¹−a c¡‰¡ hy¡d¡¢h,
221
l−š² m¡m q−u k¡−h f¡q¡sz a¡ e¡ q−m L£ −S¡u¡e j¡N£ q¢m!'' −j−q¢ml
¢e−Sl ¢h−ul −r−œJ f¡q¡−s lš² Tl¢Rm e¡ h−m a¡−L c¤xM Ll−a −cM¡ k¡uz
Ah−n−o a¡l −Lm¤¢l−a AhÙÛ¡−el pju a¡−L EÜ¡l Ll−a Bp¡ c¤C

405
p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl k¤h−Ll −Lm¤¢ll j¡e¤o−cl q¡−a Bœ²¡¿¹ qJu¡l OVe¡ a¡−L ü¢Ù¹
−cuz
e¡N¡ f¡q¡−s j§ma ¢h¢eju fËb¡l j¡dÉ−jC pjÙ¹ −me−ce Ll¡ quz HC
hÉhÙÛ¡u hnÑ¡−L ph−Q−u −h¢n j§mÉ −cJu¡ quz Jo¤−dl c¡j, e¡l£l C‹−al j§mÉ,
hEfZ fËi«¢a pjÙ¹ −r−œ j§mÉ ¢qp−h hnÑ¡ fËbj p¡¢l−a b¡−Lz HR¡s¡J d¡e,
¢h¢iæ föJ Hhw a¡−cl nl£−ll e¡e¡ A‰-fËaɉ−LJ HC ¢h¢ej−ul j¡dÉj
¢q−p−h hÉhq©a q−a −cM¡ k¡uz a¡C −cM¡ k¡u −k, −pP¡C−L hn Ll¡l SeÉ
−j−q¢m X¡C¢e e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l L¡−R Jo¤d ¢e−a −N−m −p h−m -- ""Jo¤−dl c¡j
222
Be¢h Q¡l−V hnÑ¡ Bl c¤'M¤¢c (Bs¡C −p−ll j−a¡) d¡ez'' H¢c−L −pP¡C-
Hl h¡h¡ ¢p¢S−V¡ p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦l Ù»£ S¡j¡ap¤¤l C‹a eø L−l f¡¢m−u −N−m
M¡−fN¡ pcÑ¡l a¡l j¡ −hPp¡e¤−L h−m -- ""−n¡e −hPp¡e¤, ¢p¢S−V¡ ýC S¡j¡ap¤¤l
C‹a ¢e−u−Rz a¡l c¡j ¢c−a q−h −a¡−Lz p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦ qm S¡j¡ap¤¤l −p¡u¡j£z
223
c¤'−V¡ öu¡l Bl p¡aV¡ hnÑ¡ ¢c−u −c p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦−Lz''
AhnÉ EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢h¢ej−ul j¡dÉj ¢q−p−h e¡N¡ f¡q¡−s V¡L¡l
B¢hiÑ¡h−LJ −cM¡−e¡ q−u−Rz p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦l L¡−R HL¢V l¦−f¡¢m j¤â¡ −c−M −Lm¤¢l
NË¡−jl fËbj fË¢a¢œ²u¡u −cM¡ k¡u -- ""TLT−L l¦−f¡¢m j¤â¡z −l¡c −m−N öï
cÉ¥¢a ¢WL−l −hl¦−µRz Ah¡L ¢hØj−u d¡ah hÙ¹¥¢Vl ¢c−L a¡¢L−u lCm −pP¡Cz H
a¡l A−Qe¡z Hl B−N −L¡−e¡¢ceC HC −N¡m¡L¡l j¤â¡¢Vl p−‰ a¡l f¢lQu qu
¢ez h¤s£ −hPp¡e¤J −pV¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u l−u−R Ah¡L q−uz a¡l ¢q−phq£e
224
hu−pl A¢i‘a¡u Hje fc¡bÑ AS¡e¡C l−u−Rz'' Hl f−ll ¢hhl−Z
KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−R¡– f¡q¡¢s Sefc −Lm¤¢l−a HC fËbj l¦−f¡l
V¡L¡l B¢hiÑ¡hz ¢hØj−u i−u ph −j−uf¤l¦o −pP¡C-Hl j¤¢Wl ¢c−L a¡¢L−u
l−u−Rz HLpju −pP¡Cl b¡h¡ −b−L −Ry¡ −j−l V¡L¡V¡ a¥−m ¢em HLSez O¤¢l−u
¢g¢l−u på¡e£ cª¢ø−a −cM−a m¡Nmz a¡l j¤¢W −b−L Bl HLSe ¢R¢e−u ¢emz
a¡l j¤¢W −b−L AeÉ HLSe ¢emz HC fË¢œ²u¡u V¡L¡V¡ −j−uf¤l¦−ol SVm¡u

406
q¡−a q¡−a O¤l−a m¡Nmz V¡L¡l HC BNje−L ¢hØju Bl −L±a¨qm ¢c−u
225
AiÉbÑe¡ S¡e¡−m¡ −Lm¤¢l NË¡−jl j¡e¤oz''
HC EfeÉ¡−p e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl A¢dh¡p£−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡l ¢hÙ¹¡¢la
f¢lQ−ul f¡n¡f¡¢n a¡−cl l£¢a-fËb¡, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, BQ¡l-Ae¤ù¡e, −m¡LLb¡
fËi«¢alJ ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQu KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢c−u−Rez HC ¢hou¢V nË−Üu pj¡−m¡QL
nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul −N¡Q−lJ H−p−R -- ""e¡N¡pj¡−Sl e¡e¡¢hd l£¢a-fËb¡,
Evph, A¢afË¡L«a pwú¡l J f¡f-f¤ZÉ-eÉ¡u-AeÉ¡u-j§mL S£hee£¢al HL
j−e¡‘, abÉhým J h¡Ù¹h S£heQkÑ¡l p¢qa cªtpwmNÀ hZÑe¡ −cJu¡ qCu¡−Rz
pcÑ¡−ll −üµR¡Q¡l, −j¡l¡P-H A¢hh¡¢qa k¤hL−cl Ù»£pwpNÑ h¢SÑa l¡¢œh¡−pl
Am´OÉ ¢e−cÑn, Ga¥Q−œ²l J L«¢oL−jÑl p¢qa p¡j”pÉf§ZÑ Evphj™m£, B¢eS¡l
rj¡q£e fË¢a¢qwp¡, X¡C¢e e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l C¾cÊS¡m J hn£LlZj¿», ¢hh¡−ql f§−hÑ
hl-LeÉ¡l c¤Cj¡phÉ¡f£ h¡dÉa¡j§mL AcnÑe, ¢nL¡l-k¡œ¡l f§−hÑ Aö¢Q Ù»£pwpNÑ
f¢lq¡l CaÉ¡¢c e¡e¡ −L±a¥q−m¡Ÿ£fL fËb¡ Cq¡−cl S£he−L HLV¡ AaÉ¿¹
W¡ph¤e¡−e¡ S¢Vm ¢h¢d-¢e−o−dl S¡−m BhÜ L¢lu¡−Rz −mM−Ll abÉ‘¡e J hZÑe¡
226
plpa¡u HC S£he¢Qœ f¡W−Ll ¢eLV AaÉ¿¹ E‹Æm h−ZÑ g¥¢Vu¡ E¢Wu¡−Rz''
HC f¡q¡¢s−cl n¡pe¢h¢d, BQ¡l-¢hQ¡−l −kje Ls¡L¢s B−R, −aj¢e ¢n¢bma¡J
B−R -- ""f¡q¡¢s NË¡−j −kje e¡e¡ n¡pe¢h¢d, BQ¡l-¢hQ¡l, eÉ¡u-AeÉ¡−ul
Ls¡L¢s l−u−R, ¢WL −aj¢e −M¡m¡−jm¡ BL¡−nl ¢e−Q ¢c−el B−m¡−a qW¡vC
227
qu−a¡ S£h−el B¢cj fËhª¢šl eNÀ fËL¡n −cM¡ k¡uz'' H−cl pj¡−S e¡l£−cl
k−bø jkÑ¡c¡ −cJu¡ quz a¡C ¢h−ul −r−œ hEf−Zl hÉhÙÛ¡ Q¡m¤ B−Rz M¡−fN¡l
NÒf −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u −k, −pP¡C-Hl W¡L¥lc¡ −S−ib¡P ¢e¢avp¤¤−L ¢h−ul C−µR
fËL¡n Ll−m -- ""¢h−L−ml ¢c−L −S−ib¡−Pl ¢f¢p hE-fZ −ch¡l SeÉ HL−n¡V¡
hnÑ¡, ¢fam Bl L¢sl −n±¢Me Nue¡, −L¡¢qj¡ −b−L −Le¡ H¢ä L¡fs ¢e−u ¢VS¥
228
ec£l Jf¡−l Q−m ¢N−u¢Rmz'' Bh¡l e¡e−L¡u¡ h¢Ù¹l h¡Oj¡e¤o −j¢S¢QS¥−Pl
p−‰ −j−q¢ml ¢h−ul hEf−Zl ¢hhl−Z hm¡ q−u−R -- ""−V−eeÉ¥ ¢j−‰m¤z hEfZz
−pC hEfZ H−p−R e¡e−L¡u¡ NË¡j −b−Lz f¡¢W−u−R −j¢S¢QS¥−Pl h¡f l¡Pp¤¤Pz

407
c¤'−V¡ −S¡u¡e −R−m H−p¢Rm −lPj¡f¡¢e ec£l Jf¡−l j¡T¡¢l BL¡−ll NË¡j
e¡e−L¡u¡ −b−Lz p−‰ Q¡lM¡e¡ hnÑ¡z A¢aL¡uz −p…−m¡l Ns−el j−dÉ Aa£−al
R¡f l−u−R, fË¡Q£e−aÆl p¤¤Øfø ¢Qq² g¥−V B−Rz Bl −k±a¥L ¢q−p−h H−p−R
L¢sl Nue¡, L¡−el e£−uP c¤m, q¡¢al cy¡−al q¡lz −j¡−ol ¢n−Pl j¤L¥V, k¡l
c¤'f¡−n q¢l−Zl ¢n−Pl h¡q¡lz −fa−ml Nm¡håz BVlÚ g¥−ml p¡Sp‹¡ Bl
229
p¡d¡lZ Ns−el f’¡nM¡e¡ hnÑ¡z'' −pP¡C-Hl p−‰ ¢h−u −cJu¡l S−eÉJ
−j−q¢ml djÑ h¡f M¡−fN¡ −pP¡C-Hl W¡L¥lj¡ −hPp¡e¤l L¡−R hEfZ ¢e−u¢Rmz
hEfZ R¡s¡ AeÉ¡eÉ −r−œJ e¡N¡l¡ e¡l£−cl pÇj¡e −cuz −kje NiÑha£ e¡l£−cl
BO¡a Ll¡ e¡N¡ ¢eu−jl ¢h−l¡d£ -- ""NiÑha£ e¡l£−L BO¡a Ll¡ HC f¡q¡−sl
230
e£¢a¢hl¦Ü L¡Sz Hje AfLjÑ −LE L−l hp−m a¡l n¡¢Ù¹ qm jªaÉ¥z'' HC
e¡l£¢V nœ¥f−rl q−mJ a¡l BO¡aL¡l£−L Hl¡ jªaÉ¥c™ ¢c−a H¢N−u B−pz
a¡C −cM¡ k¡u −k, f¤¢mn p¤¤f¡l hpJ−um −Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹l NiÑha£ e¡l£ S¡j¡ap¤¤−L
BO¡a Ll−m nœ¥f−rl q−mJ p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −m¡−Ll¡ −r−f k¡uz
e¡N¡ k¤hL-k¤ha£−cl j−dÉ −fËj-¢jme fËi«¢a ¢ho−u −aje Ls¡L¢s −eCz
HLV¥ Be−¾cl EfLlZ −f−mC a¡l¡ pL−m ¢j−m EµRÅ¡−p −i−p J−Wz Hl¡ M¤h
ý−õ¡s Ll−aJ i¡−m¡h¡−pz −VV−p Evph, S¡ L¥¢m Evp−hl ¢ce…¢m−a a¡l¡
Be−¾c BaÈq¡l¡ q−u J−W -- ""Bl L−uL¢ce f−lC S¡ L¥¢m Evph öl¦ q−h
f¡q¡¢s Sefc…−m¡−az a¡lC fËÙ¹¥¢a Qm−R −Lm¤¢l NË¡−jz N¡eh¡Se¡ q−h, −j¡o
h¢m ¢c−u p¡l¡ NË¡−jl −m¡L −i¡S M¡−hz M¤¢n−a, ý−õ¡−s, −l¡¢q jd¤l −j±a¡−a,
e¡QN¡−el jd¤l −en¡u f¡q¡¢s j¡e¤o…−m¡ j¡a¡m q−u k¡−hz S¡ L¥¢m Evp−hl
231
¢cel¡¢œ, fË¢a¢V j¤q¨aÑ HC f¡q¡s hy¥c q−u b¡L−hz'' HCph Evp−hl fËd¡e
A‰C qm e¡QN¡ez Hl¡ e¡l£-f¤l¦o ¢e¢hÑ−n−o pL−m ¢j−m e¡Q-N¡e öl¦ L−l
−cuz H−r−œ a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡ −ic¡−ic l¡−M e¡z a¡−cl e¡−Ql ¢hhl−Z hm¡ q−u−R
--
""HL¢c−L R'¢V −S¡u¡e −R−m, flØf−ll Ly¡−dl Jfl q¡a ¢c−u cy¡s¡−e¡
−ke HL¢V f¡q¡¢s R¾cz Bl HLf¡−n R'¢V k¤ha£ −j−uz −S¡u¡e−cl j−a¡

408
a¡l¡J Ly¡−d Ly¡−d q¡a ¢c−u cy¡¢s−u B−Rz qy¡V¥ fkÑ¿¹ a¡−cl ¢h¢Qœ l−Pl
L¡f−s j¡e¤−ol Lˆ¡m, −j¡−ol j¡b¡ Bl hnÑ¡ Hhw Y¡m ByL¡ l−u−Rz c¤'¢V
c−ml pL−mlC −L¡j−ll Jfl −b−L FdÆÑ−cq Ae¡hªaz
k¤ha£−cl L¡−e ¢fa−ml e£−n c¤mz j¢Zh−å q¡¢al cy¡−al −j¡V¡ −j¡V¡
h¡m¡z Q¥−ml iy¡−S iy¡−S pð−ll −R¡V −R¡V ¢nP −Ny¡S¡z L¡−el f¡a¡u p¡P¢mu¡
ma¡l e£m¡i g¥mz −R−m−cl j¡b¡u −j¡−ol ¢n−Pl j¤L¥Vz L¡−e BE f¡¢Ml
f¡mL −Ny¡S¡z Nm¡u L¢sl j¡m¡z
c¤C c−ml j¡TM¡−e ¢ae¢V hy¡−nl My¥¢V −fy¡a¡ l−u−Rz −pC My¥¢V…−m¡−L
Qœ²¡L¡−l ¢O−l HLh¡l c¤'−V¡ cm e¡Q−a e¡Q−a j¤−M¡j¤¢M q−µRz flØf−ll j¡b¡u
j¡b¡ −WL−Rz a¡l f−lC Bh¡l −fRe ¢c−L f¡ R¥−s R¥−s ¢h¢Qœ i¢‰−a ¢f¢R−u
HLV¡ ¢e¢cÑø S¡uN¡u ¢N−u b¡j−Rz j¡œ HL¢V j¤q¨aÑz Bh¡l p¡j−el ¢c−L Ty¥−L
R¢¾ca f¡ −g−m −g−m AeÉ cm¢Vl ¢c−L H¢N−u k¡Ju¡l f¡m¡z
"â¡j -- jÚ -- jÚ -- jÚ -- '
Nj Nj në EW−R −j¢b −L−L¡−ueOÉ¥ M¤¢m h¡cÉk¿» −b−Lz a¡l p−‰ a¡m
¢j¢m−u−R hy¡¢nl p¤¤lz Bl −pC Bhq h¡Se¡l p−‰ f¡ −g−m −g−m e¡Q Q−m−Rz
EŸ¡j e¡Q, c¤hÑ¡l e¡Q, A¢hl¡j e¡Qz f¡−ul BO¡−a BO¡−a l¡P¡ d¤−m¡l −jO
Es−Rz
232
f¡q¡¢s−cl HC e¡Q−L h−m Cu¡Q¥¢j −L¡¢Om e¡Qz''
HC e¡−Ql pju -- ""−j−u Bl f¤l¦o -- ph f¡n¡f¡¢n h−p−Rz O¢eù
i¢‰−a HLSe Bl HLS−el Ly¡−dl Jfl q¡a a¥−m ¢c−u−Rz Bl e¡−Ql
a¡−m a¡−m N¢s−u N¢s−u fs−Rz Em‰ BL¡−nl am¡u HC ¢h¢Qœ f¡q¡¢s NË¡jz
HC BL¡−nl j−a¡, HC f¡q¡−sl ja ALfV a¡−cl q¡¢p Bl −n¡−Ll
233
fËL¡nz''
a−h ¢LR¥ ¢LR¥ −r−œ a¡−cl ¢euj-L¡e¤−e Ls¡L¢s B−Rz A¢hh¡¢qa
k¤hL−cl e¡N¡ k¤ha£−cl L¡je¡ J ¢lf¤l a¡se¡ −b−L lr¡ Ll¡l SeÉ ¢LR¥ fËb¡
Q¡m¤ Ll¡ q−u−Rz HC fËb¡ Ae¤k¡u£ A¢hh¡¢qa k¤hL−cl l¡−al b¡L¡l S¡uN¡
−j¡l¡−P e¡N¡ k¤ha£−cl fË−hn H−Lh¡−l ¢e¢oÜ Ll¡ q−u−R -- ""−j¡l¡−P −j−u−cl
409
fË−hn ¢e¢oÜz . . . e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl HC fËb¡−L ApÇj¡e L−l −L¡−e¡ −j−ul
−j¡l¡−P −Y¡L¡l Ef¡u −eCz −L¡−e¡i¡−hC, −L¡−e¡ L¡l−ZC HC fËb¡ i¡P¡ Qm−h
e¡z −j¡l¡P qm A¢hh¡¢qa −S¡u¡e −R−m−cl °e¢aL S£h−el f£Wi¨¢jz e¡l£l
L¡je¡ Bl ¢lf¤l a¡se¡ −b−L A−eL, A−eL c§−l Hl ¢e×f¡f A¢Ù¹Ù¹Æ, Hl
f¢hœa¡ e¡l£−c−ql Bp¢š² ¢c−u Lm¤¢oa L−l −a¡m¡ l£¢aj−a¡ Afl¡dz −p
Afl¡−dl n¡¢Ù¹ ¢ejÑj, ¢eù¥lz A¢eh¡kÑ jªaÉ¥ ¢c−u −p Afl¡−dl fË¡u¢ÕQš Ll−a
234
quz'' H−cl j−dÉ Ah¡d ¢jm−el ¢hou¢V …l¦aÆ −f−mJ L¡lJ ¢hh¡¢qa Ù»£l
p−‰ pqh¡p Ll−a ¢N−u −L¡−e¡ e¡N¡ f¤l¦o dl¡ f−s −N−m pL−m ¢j−m a¡l
a¡vr¢ZL jªaÉ¥c™ Abh¡ S¢lj¡e¡ Ll¡ quz a¡C −cM¡ k¡u −k, −pP¡C-Hl h¡h¡
¢p¢S−V¡ p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦l Ù»£ S¡j¡ap¤¤l p−‰ pqh¡−p dl¡ fs−m fË¡Zi−u f¡¢m−u k¡u
Hhw a¡l j¡ −hPp¡e¤ p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦−L S¢lj¡e¡ ¢c−a h¡dÉ quz
e¡N¡−cl ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡−l −ch−ch£, B¢eS¡, X¡C¢e fËj¤MJ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡
−euz a¡C Af−cha¡ ab¡ B¢eS¡−L p¿¹¥ø Ll−a j¡−Tj¡−TC a¡−cl föh¢m
¢c−a −cM¡ k¡uz HSeÉ fË−aÉL h¡¢s−aC HL¢V −j¡oh¢ml q¡¢sL¡W J a¡l f¡−n
−cha¡l SeÉ HL¢V M−u¢l f¡bl l¡M¡ qu -- ""−j¡oh¢ml q¡¢sL¡−Wl ¢WL f¡−nC
HLV¡ M−u¢l l−Pl f¡blz H f¡bl A¢a f¢hœz H f¡bl O−ll Q¡lf¡n −b−L
c¤ø −fËa¡aÈ¡−L q¡S¡l f¡q¡s g¡l¡−L ¢ehÑ¡¢pa L−l l¡−Mz f¡q¡¢s j¡e¤o…−m¡l
235
a¡C ¢hnÄ¡pz Hje f¡bl fË¢a¢V h¡¢sl p¡j−e pk−aÀ l¢ra B−Rz'' f¡q¡−s
h¡O-j¡e¤o AbÑ¡v h¡O−L ¢e−Sl h−n l¡M¡ j¡e¤o b¡−L h−m e¡N¡l¡ ¢hnÄ¡p L−lz
a¡−L ph¡C iuJ L−l -- ""−V¢j M¡j−L¡u¡eÉ¥ (h¡O-j¡e¤o)z J ¢eOÑ¡a h¡O-j¡e¤oz
236
¢nNÚ¢Nl Qmz ¢Qa¡h¡O Q¡m¡e Ll−m H−Lh¡−l p¡h¡s q−u k¡h ph¡Cz'' HC
EfeÉ¡−p h¡Oj¡e¤o qm e¡e−L¡u¡ h¢Ù¹l −j¢S¢QS¥P -- ""H ¢eOÑ¡a ýC e¡e−L¡u¡
h¢Ù¹l −j¢S¢QS¥Pz f¢ÕQj, Ešl Bl c¢rZ f¡q¡−sl h−e Jl A−eL h¡O −f¡o¡
237
B−Rz l¡¢š−l h¡O ¢e−u −h−l¡u C¢c−L ¢p¢c−L -- '' HR¡s¡J f¡q¡−s X¡C¢e
h¤¢s e¡L−f¡¢mh¡ b¡−Lz a¡−L ph¡C iu Ll−mJ −p f¡q¡¢s j¡e¤o…−m¡−L j¡e¤o
hn Ll¡l Jo¤d −cuz HC EfeÉ¡−p X¡C¢e h¤¢s e¡L−f¡¢mh¡ ¢e−S−L "−leÚS¥

410
B¢eS¡' AbÑ¡v Af−cha¡ h−m f¢lQu ¢c−u ¢e−Sl L¡−Sl ¢hhl−Z S¡¢e−u−R --
""−lP¢Lm¡e! −leÚS¥ B¢eS¡! B¢jC −a¡ −leÚS¥ B¢eS¡z −a¡l −p¡u¡j£−L B¢jC
−j−l¢Rz L£ jS¡l −Mm¡ hm −a¡z −lP¢Lm¡−el e¡j d−l −p¢ce c¢rZ f¡q¡s
−b−L X¡L ¢cm¡jz hÉp, a¡lf−lC nua¡eV¡ H−Lh¡−l Majz B¢j Ha¢ce M¡¢m
−i−h¢R −Ry¡s¡V¡ Bh¡l jlm ¢Le¡z a¥C Bj¡−L hy¡Q¡¢mz −Mm¡V¡ ea¥e d−l¢R
238
¢Le¡z −hn i¡−m¡C j−e q−µRz ¢qx-¢qx-¢qx -- '' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l
L¡−R c£r¡ ¢e−u −Lm¤¢l J p¡m¤u¡m¡P -- Eiu h¢Ù¹ −b−LC ¢ha¡¢sa¡
−lP¢Lm¡−el ¢hdh¡ Ù»£ p¡m¤e¡l¦−L X¡C¢e−a l©f¡¿¹¢la q−a −cM¡ k¡uz
H…¢m R¡s¡J HC EfeÉ¡−p BlJ ¢LR¥ f¡q¡¢s fËb¡l f¢lQu f¡Ju¡ k¡uz
a¡l j−dÉ AeÉaj qm −k, f¡q¡−s −L¡−e¡ ¢h−u pÇfæ q−m ¢e−Sl¡ p¤¤M£ qJu¡l
E−Ÿ−nÉ −R−m fr −b−L j¡wp ¢halZ Ll¡ qu, k¡−L "BJ−n −i¡S' h−m --
""HLpju L¡V¡¢l −Lp¤¤P −b−L BJ−n −i¡−Sl j¡wp ¢e−u Hm −j−q¢m Bl
f¢mP¡z HV¡ HC f¡q¡¢s Sefc…¢ml l£¢az BJ−n −i¡−Sl ¢c−e fË¢a−h¢n−cl
239
−j¡−ol j¡wp ¢halZ Ll−m eh cÇf¢al S£he p¤¤M n¡¢¿¹−a i−l E−Wz''
L¡lJ Be−¾cl j¤q¨aÑ H−mJ −i¡−Sl hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ quz a¡C f¤œ −M¡eÚ−Ll
qaÉ¡L¡l£ −pP¡C-Hl jªaÉ¥ q−u−R −i−h pcÑ¡−ll Lb¡ja p¡’¡jM¡h¡ j¡wp ¢h−m¡−a
l¡S£ quz Bh¡l e¡N¡ k¤h−Ll¡ ¢nL¡−l −hl q−m −k fö ¢nL¡l L−l B−e a¡l
j¡wp pL−m ¢j−m i¡N L−l −eJu¡J H−cl HLfËL¡l l£¢al j−dÉ f−sz Bl
B¢eS¡−L p¿¹¥ø Ll¡l SeÉ kMe aMe fö-f¡¢M h¢m −cJu¡ Hhw −p…¢ml j¡wp
f¤¢s−u M¡Ju¡ H−cl L¡−R AaÉ¿¹ ü¡i¡¢hL ¢hou ¢q−p−hC Nªq£a quz
HC pjÙ¹ fËb¡-pwú¡l, l£¢a-¢hnÄ¡−pl f¡n¡f¡¢n EfeÉ¡p¢V−a e¡N¡
EfS¡¢al ¢LR¥ −m¡LLb¡l f¢lQuJ f¡Ju¡ k¡uz HC −m¡LLb¡…¢ml j−dÉ ¢LR¥
−Lm¤¢l h¢Ù¹l pcÑ¡l M¡−fN¡ h−m−R; Bl h¡¢L…¢m −pP¡C-Hl W¡L¥j¡ h¤¢s −hPp¡e¤
h−m−Rz h¤¢s −hPp¡e¤ a¡l −m¡LLb¡ f¢l−hn−el ¢e¢l−M A−eLV¡C a¡l¡nˆl
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll EfLb¡'l p¤¤Qy¡−cl i¨¢jL¡u Aha£ZÑ q−u−Rz a¡l
j¤M −b−LC Bjl¡ e¡e¡ f¡q¡¢s pwú¡−ll NÒf −kje öe−a f¡C, −aj¢e f¡q¡¢s

411
Af−cha¡ "−leÚS¥ B¢eS¡' −b−L öl¦ L−l e¡e¡ −ch−ch£l fËp‰J S¡e−a f¡¢lz
−p EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢e−Sl ¢hnÄ¡p ja f¡q¡−s p§−kÑ¡cu, p§kÑ¡Ù¹, "p¤¤P−L¢e' AbÑ¡v
i¨¢jLÇf fËi«¢al hÉ¡MÉ¡ −kje ¢c−u−R, −aj¢e −p p−hl ¢fR−e e¡e¡ N¡m-NÒf,
−m¡LLb¡−LJ S¥−s ¢c−u−Rz HClLjC p§kÑ−cha¡−L p¿¹¥ø Ll¡l SeÉ j¤lN£ h¢m
−cJu¡l HL¢V N−Òfl Aha¡lZ¡J −p HC EfeÉ¡−p L−l−Rz HC EfeÉ¡−p
f¡q¡−s fËQ¢ma e¡N¡−cl Bl HL¢V l£¢al Lb¡J hm¡ q−u−R -- ""−Se¤l
(jdÉl¡¢œ) B−N NË¡−j NË¡−j e¡N¡l¡ HLh¡l −S−N J−Wz e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl H HLV¡
240
fËQ¢ma l£¢az'' HR¡s¡J EfeÉ¡p¢V−a e¡N¡ EfS¡¢a−cl Bl HL¢V fËb¡l
f¢lQu B−Rz HC fËb¡¢V qm −k, −L¡e h¢Ù¹l e¡l£ k¢c AeÉ h¢Ù¹l j¡e¤−ol à¡l¡
Afq©a qu h¡ h¢Ù¹ aÉ¡N L−l, a¡q−m −pC h¢Ù¹l M¤h hce¡j qu Hhw AeÉ¡eÉ
h¢Ù¹l −m¡−Ll¡ a¡−cl Efl ¢rç q−u pjÙ¹ pÇfLÑ aÉ¡N L−l HLO−l Ll¡l
i¡he¡-¢Q¿¹¡ öl¦ L−lz HSeÉ −j−q¢m p¡m¤u¡m¡P −R−s −Lm¤¢l−a Q−m H−m
AeÉ¡eÉ h¢Ù¹l −m¡−Ll¡ p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl j¡e¤o−cl pwpËh aÉ¡N Ll−a E−cÉ¡N£ quz
a¡C p¡m¤u¡m¡−Pl −m¡−Ll¡ −j−q¢m−L EÜ¡−ll SeÉ j¢lu¡ q−u J−Wz H hÉ¡f¡−l
a¡l¡ fËb−j −j−q¢ml h¡f−L hEfZ f¡W¡−e¡ −j¢S¢QS¥−Pl h¡h¡ e¡e−L¡u¡ h¢Ù¹l
pcÑ¡−ll p¡q¡kÉ −Q−u−R Hhw f−l Cw−lS−cl p¡q¡−kÉ a¡−L EÜ¡l L−l−Rz
HC EfeÉ¡−p e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl A¢dh¡p£−cl M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-
Bn¡L, h¡pÙÛ¡−el ja S£hek¡œ¡l p−‰ A‰¡‰£i¡−h k¤š² ¢hou…¢mlJ ¢hÙ¹«a
¢hhlZ B−Rz H−cl M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡u ph¡l Ef−l b¡−L e¡e¡ dl−el föl j¡wpz
Hl¡ p¡d¡lZa HCph j¡wp B…−e Tm¢p−u Bd−f¡s¡ AhÙÛ¡u e¤e Abh¡ f¡q¡¢s
TeÑ¡l −e¡e¡ Sm Hhw VLS¡a£u °hQ£ gm pq−k¡−N M¡uz HR¡s¡J Ly¡Q¡ Q¡m,
Ly¡Q¡ mˆ¡, Ly¡Q¡ Bc¡J H−cl M¡cÉ a¡¢mL¡u b¡−Lz a−h f¡q¡−sl iuˆl n£−al
Lhm −b−L −lq¡C f¡h¡l SeÉ H−cl Bh¢nÉL f¡e£u qm E−šSL −l¡¢q jd¤, k¡
Hl¡ hy¡−nl −Q¡P¡u L−l YLYL L−l ¢N−m M¡uz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HClLj HL¢V
M¡cÉcª−nÉl hZÑe¡u hm¡ q−u−R -- ""JP−m hs hs VO¤V¥−O¡V¡P f¡a¡l Jfl Ly¡Q¡
Q¡m, Tmp¡−e¡ h¡¢p j¡wp, Ly¡Q¡ mˆ¡ Bl Bc¡ p¡¢S−u A−fr¡ Ll¢Rmz hy¡−nl
−Q¡P¡u i¢aÑ l−u−R E−šSL f¡e£uz qm−c l−Pl −l¡¢q jd¤z . . . b¡h¡u b¡h¡u
412
Ly¡Q¡ Q¡m j¤−M a¥m−R −pP¡Cz −pC p−‰, Ly¡Q¡ mˆ¡ Bl M™ M™ j¡wpz HL
pju M¡h¡l −no q−u −Nmz a¡lfl hy¡−nl ¢hn¡m f¡ef¡œV¡ −Wy¡−Vl Jfl a¥−m
241
¢em −pz HL¢V j¡œ Q¥j¤Lz −l¡¢q jd¤l −no ¢h¾c¥¢V fkÑ¿¹ ö−o ¢e−u−R −pz''
E−šSL f¡e£u −l¡¢q jd¤ R¡s¡J Hl¡ fËQ¥l f¢lj¡−Z Ly¡Q¡ a¡j¡L ¢Q¢h−u −en¡
L−lz piÉSN−al M¡h¡l-c¡h¡−ll p−‰ H−cl A¢dL¡w−nl f¢lQu −eCz a¡C
p¡l¦u¡j¡l¦l p−‰ CÇg−ml l¡Ù¹¡u HL −q¡−V−m j¡e¤oSe−L i¡a −M−a −c−M
−pP¡C Ah¡L q−u−Rz Hlfl ¢e−S −M−a h−p i¡a, X¡m, j¡…l j¡−Rl −T¡m
fËQ¥l a«¢ç pqL¡−l −M−mJ BÕQkÑ a¡l −b−LJ −h¢n q−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a e¡N¡−cl −f¡n¡L-Bn¡−Ll ¢hhl−Z hm¡ q−u−R −k, H−cl
el-e¡l£ ¢e¢hÑ−no pL−ml EÜÑ¡‰ HLfËL¡l Ae¡hªa b¡−Lz a−h Hl¡ ¢ejÀ¡−‰
L¡fs f¢ld¡e L−lz ¢ejÀ¡−‰l L¡fs-−Q¡fs −b−LC H−cl A¢hh¡¢qa J
¢hh¡¢q−al f¢lQu f¡Ju¡ k¡u -- ""HLS−el −L¡j−ll Q¡lf¡−n q¡aM¡−eL QJs¡
f£ j¤ÉP L¡fsz N¡t L¡−m¡ l−Pl fË¡−¿¹ Oe m¡−ml By¢Lh¤¢Lz f¢l×L¡l −L±j¡−kÑl
pw−Laz Bl HLS−el fl−e S¡P…¢f L¡fs, H−Lh¡−l S¡e¤ fkÑ¿¹ −e−j
H−p−Rz Oe e£m l−Pl Efl Q¡l−V p¡c¡ p¡c¡ c¡Nz p¡c¡ c¡−Nl Bs¡B¢s
242
Q¡l−V m¡m −lM¡ ByL¡z ¢hh¡¢q−al f¢lQuz'' iuˆl n£−al q¡a −b−L hy¡Q¡l
SeÉ Hl¡ p¡l¡ N¡−u c¢sl −mf S¢s−u l¡−Mz h¡pNª−q h¡ −j¡l¡−PJ a¡l¡ −mf
hÉhq¡l L−lz e¡N¡l¡ e¡l£-f¤l¦o ¢e¢hÑ−n−o pL−mC p¡S−N¡S Ll−a i¡−m¡h¡−pz
¢fa−ml ¢e−uP Nue¡, m¡m −ln−jl …µR, JL R¡−ml −mPa¡, L¢sl h¡S¥hå,
−R¡V −R¡V n−´Ml j¡m¡, L¢sl LˆZ fËi«¢a −a¡ f¢ld¡e L−lC −pCp−‰
lP−hl−Pl fö-f¡¢M−cl e¡e¡ A‰-fËaɉ Hhw ¢h¢iæ dl−el f¡q¡¢s g¥−m Hl¡
¢e−S−cl p¢‹a L−lz piÉSN−al −f¡n¡L-Bn¡−Ll Mhl Hl¡ S¡−eC e¡ --
""fÉ¡¾V, S¡j¡, −L¡V -- ¢h¢Qœ ph në, Aá¥a ph e¡jz f¡q¡¢s−cl L¡−R HC
243
e¡j…−m¡ HL¡¿¹C AS¡e¡z ¢ehÑ¡L a¡¢L−u b¡−L pL−mz'' a¡C j¢Zf¤l −S−m
L¡V¡−e¡ H−V¡P¡l p¡S−f¡n¡La¡−cl Ah¡L L−l -- ""H−V¡P¡l pjÙ¹ −c−q Aá¥a
p¡S−f¡n¡LTmjm Ll−Rz e£m−Q q¡g fÉ¡¾V, j¡b¡u p¡−q¢h V¥¢f, ph¤S S¡j¡, Ly¡d

413
−b−L −L¡jl fkÑ¿¹ −T¡m¡−e¡ HLV¡ j¢Zf¤l£ −T¡m¡z f¡−u f¡ö−V l−Pl h¤V S¥−a¡z
fÉ¡¾V, V¥¢f, n¡VÑ, S¥−a¡ -- f¡q¡¢s j¡e¤−ol ‘¡−e A¢i‘a¡u HC lqpÉju
hÙ¹¥…−m¡l A¢Ù¹aÆ −eCz f¡q¡s-he-Tle¡-¢py¢s−Ma R¡s¡ HC ph Aá¥a ¢S¢ep
244
a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡¢ceC −c−M ¢ez''
e¡N¡−cl h¡pÙÛ¡−el ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQuJ HC EfeÉ¡−p f¡Ju¡ k¡uz a¡l¡
f¡q¡−s −k pjÙ¹ h¡¢s−a −b−L pwp¡l f¡−a −p…¢m−L J−cl i¡o¡u "−Lp¤¤P'
h−mz hwn Ae¤k¡u£ HC −Lp¤¤P…¢ml e¡jLlZ Ll¡ quz −kje −S¡¢l −Lp¤¤P,
−S¡−q¢l −Lp¤¤P fËi«¢az a−h A¢hh¡¢qa k¤h−Ll¡ −Lp¤¤−P b¡−L e¡; a¡l¡ b¡−L
245
−j¡l¡−P; L¡lZ -- ""−j¡l¡PC qm NË¡−jl jkÑ¡c¡, NË¡−jl fË¢aù¡l ü¡rlz'' HC
EfeÉ¡−p −j¡l¡−Pl ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ −cJu¡ B−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL HClLj HL¢V
−j¡l¡−Pl ¢hhl−Z S¡¢e−u−Re --
""−j¡l¡P j¡−eC NË¡−jl fË¢aù¡, NË¡−jl jkÑ¡c¡, NË¡−jl −L±¢meÉz . . .
p¡j−el ¢c−L AdÑhª−šl BL¡−l hy¡−nl clS¡z clS¡l c¤'d¡−l fËL¡™ c¤'−V¡
−j¡−ol j¡b¡ hoÑ¡l gm¡u Ny¡b¡ l−u−Rz Jf−l −p¡e¡¢m M−sl ea¥e Q¡mz Q¡−ml
c¤'f¡−n M−sl …µR c¤m−Rz −cJu¡−m −cJu¡−m ASpË By¢Lh¤¢L−a −j¡−ol l−š²l
j¡‰¢mL ¢Qq²z fª¢bh£l B¢cjaj ¢nÒfz
c¤'f¡−n q¡a ¢a¢l−nL mð¡ f¡q¡¢s −cJu¡mz −cJu¡−ml N¡−u hnÑ¡u
−gy¡s¡ l−u−R h¡−Ol j¤™¥, pð−ll −mS, j¡e¤−ol L−l¡¢V, q¢lZ Bl −j¡−ol R¡mz
clS¡ ¢c−u Y¥−LC hp¡l Olz a¡lf−lC QJs¡ fb Q−m ¢N−u−R −no fË¡¿¹
fkÑ¿¹z −p f−bl c¤'d¡−l p¡¢l p¡¢l hy¡−nl j¡Q¡ez NË¡−jl A¢hh¡¢qa −R−m−cl
l¡¢œl ¢hR¡e¡z HC j¡Q¡e…−m¡l Jfl f¡a¡ quz j¡Q¡e…−m¡l ¢e−Q l¡¢n l¡¢n
hnÑ¡, a£l-de¤L, Y¡m, −j¢l−Lap¤¤z e¡e¡ BL¡−ll, e¡e¡ e¡−jl iu¡m ph AÙ»nÙ»z
246
nœ¥l hnÑ¡ −b−L NË¡jlr¡l p¤¤¢ef¤Z B−u¡Se, œ¥¢Vq£e h−¾c¡hÙ¹z''
HC pjÙ¹ −j¡l¡−P −j−u−cl fË−hn¡¢dL¡l −eCz e¡N¡ A¢hh¡¢qa k¤ha£−cl
N¡−Rl Jf−l Ol L−l b¡L−a qu -- ""N¡−Rl X¡−m −R¡– HLM¡¢e Olz hy¡−nl
−cJu¡−m ma¡l hy¡de Bl j¡b¡u Ba¡j¡¢l f¡a¡l Q¡mz HC OlM¡e¡ −j−q¢mlz

414
l¡−a HM¡−eC a¡l ¢exp‰ ¢hR¡e¡ f¡a¡ quz L¥j¡l£ −j−ul HLL nkÉ¡ f¤l¦−ol
247
L¡je¡ −b−L A−eL, A−eL EyQ¥−a −ke E−W H−p−Rz'' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a …q¡¢ÙÛa
X¡C¢e e¡L−f¡¢mh¡l BÙ¹¡e¡l f¢lQuJ B−R -- ""−j−Tl H¢c−L −p¢c−L CaÙ¹a
Rs¡−e¡ …e¤ f¡a¡, j¡e¤o Bl −j¡−ol q¡sz k¤−Q¡PeÉ¥ f¡¢Ml h¡c¡¢j l−Pl
Lˆ¡Smz hy¡−nl f¡œ, L¡−Wl j¡Q¡ez f¡b−ll My¡−S My¡−S B…e SÆ¡¢m−u HC
iuˆl f¡q¡¢s …q¡u M¡¢eLV¡ Eš¡f pª¢ø L−l−R X¡C¢e e¡L−f¡¢mh¡z''248
Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n f¡q¡¢s L¢hl¡S "a¡j¤eÉ¥'l ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÜ¢al Lb¡J EfeÉ¡−p
B−Rz a−h ¢h¢Qœ HC fÜ¢az a¡C hnÑ¡¢hÜ −M¡eÚ−Ll ¢Q¢Lvp¡u −cM¡ k¡u --
""Q¡lf¡−n HLh¡l Qeje L−l a¡¢L−u a¡j¤eÉ¥ a¡l j¤MM¡e¡ −M¡eÚ−Ll h¤−Ll Efl
l¡Mm Hhw Q¥LQ¥L në L−l raj¤M −b−L m¡m¡i lš²d¡l¡ ö−o ¢emz f¡q¡¢s
249
¢Q¢Lvp¡l H HL h£ivp fÜ¢a, HL e¡lL£u fË¢œ²u¡z'' f¡q¡¢sl¡ nl£l-
ü¡−ÙÛÉl hÉ¡f¡−l HCph "a¡j¤eÉ¥'−cl EflC ¢eiÑl L−lz Bl k¢c "a¡j¤eÉ¥'
−L¡−e¡ −l¡N£−L p¡l¡−a e¡ f¡−l, a¡q−m "B¢eS¡'l −c¡o ¢c−u a¡−L ¢hpSÑ−el
¢e−cÑn −cuz −M¡eÚ−Ll ¢Q¢Lvp¡l −r−œ HV¡ −cM¡ k¡uz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¡o¡ hÉhq¡−ll −r−œJ KfeÉ¡¢pL Ap¡d¡lZ f¡lc¢nÑa¡
−c¢M−u−Rez ¢a¢e j¡eÉQ¢ma h¡wm¡u EfeÉ¡p¢V ¢mM−mJ HM¡−e fËQ¥l f¢lj¡−Z
e¡N¡ n−ël hÉhq¡l L−l−Re Hhw f¡W−Ll −h¡T¡l p¤¤¢hd¡−bÑ −pC pjÙ¹ n−ël
h¡wm¡ AbÑJ L−l ¢c−u−Rez HC EfeÉ¡−p hÉhq©a HCl©f ¢LR¥ e¡N¡ në qm --
"−VgP' (f¡q¡¢s h¡el), "B−f¡¢Vu¡' (a¥C jl), "p¤¤ M¤Pa¡' (r¢ua Qy¡c),
"−f−e−p‰¥' (f¤−l¡¢qa), "Bp−q¡u¡' (hå¥), "a¡j¤eÉ¥' (¢Q¢LvpL), "−j¢l−Lap'¤¤,
"−b¢e j£' (Ù»£−m¡−Ll hoÑ¡), "m−N¡u¡ feÉ¥' (−fË¢jL), "m−N¡u¡ −meÉ¥' (−fË¢jL¡),
"B−f¡¢S' (h¡åh£), "M¤¢m' (hy¡¢n) "M¤P' (−c¡a¡l¡l ja h¡cÉk¿»), "BM¤ap¡'
(Q¡m l¡M¡l f¡œ), "−V−eeÉ¥ ¢j−‰m¤' (LeÉ¡fe), M¤−e¡ (Bh¡c£ S¢j), −Se¤
(jdÉl¡¢œ), B−u¡−‰ (q¡l), M¡−l¡e−S (HL dl−el c¡), AÉ¡−h¡u¡ (a−m¡u¡l
S¡a£u AÙ»), p¡p¤¤−jQ¥ (iuˆl −m¡i£ j¡e¤o), Bp¡eÉ¥ (pja−ml h¡¢p¾c¡),
p¤¤P−L¢e (i¨¢jLÇf) fËi«¢az HR¡s¡J ¢a¢e e¡N¡i¡o¡l fËQ¥l N¡Rf¡m¡, l£¢a-e£¢a,
AÙ»nÙ» fËi«¢al e¡j −kje hÉhq¡l L−l−Re, −aj¢e e¡N¡−cl ¢h¢iæ j¡−pl e¡j,
415
Ga¥l e¡−jl E−õMJ L−l−Rez e¡N¡−cl j¡−pl e¡j…¢m qm -- eNc¡ p¤¤ j¡p, S¡
L¥¢m j¡p, ep¤¤ −L−qP j¡p, −m −Lg¥ j¡p, −m¡ ¢n j¡p, −a−m‰¡ p¤¤ j¡p fËi«¢az
Bl e¡N¡ Ga¥l j−dÉ Bjl¡ eVÚ−p Ga¥, p¡Pp¤¤ Ga¥ fËi«¢a Ga¥l e¡j S¡e−a
f¡¢lz KfeÉ¡¢pL Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n ¢LR¥ e¡N¡i¡o¡l N¡eJ EfeÉ¡p¢V−a a¥−m
H−e−Rez Hl©f c¤'¢V N¡e qm --
1z ""Be¡ HQ¡PQ¡ −m−Q¡,
−l¢QP q¡jhP C−p¡¢emz
Be¡ HQP−Q¡ −m¡−Q¡,
250
C−Sj q¡jhP C−p¡¢emz''

2z ""j¤É−M −l¢e e¤−L−n −m −q¡,

p¤¤−m g¥Q¥m¤¢Nz
Hm −q¡ e¡−uP −L¡q¡m¤¢N −m −q¡,
251
Bjý −l¢jeÉ¥!''

EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¡o¡ hÉhq¡−ll HC p¡gmÉ −c−MC nË−Üu pj¡−m¡QL nË£L¥j¡l

h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u j¿¹hÉ L−l−Re -- ""−mM−Ll i¡o¡l Ap¡d¡lZ fËL¡n J −cÉ¡ae¡n¢š²
pjÙ¹ L¡¢qe£¢V−L Bj¡−cl ¢eLV S£h¿¹ J l−p¡µRm L¢lu¡ a¥¢mu¡−Rz e¡N¡−cl
pwm¡f J i¡hfËL¡−nl i‰£¢V h¡wm¡i¡o¡u BÕQkÑ pS£ha¡l p¢qa i¡o¡¿¹¢la
qCu¡−Rz Bj¡−cl ¢e¢ÕQa fËaÉu S¡−N −k, k¢c e¡N¡l¡ h¡wm¡ S¡¢ea a−h
¢expwn−u HCl©f i¡o¡−aC a¡q¡−cl i¡h J p£j¡hÜ S£he−h¡d¢V fËL¡n L¢laz
a¡q¡−cl fËQ¥l −l¡o-hɉ-ivÑpe¡ ¢j¢nËa p−ð¡de fËZ¡m£, a¡q¡−cl ØfdÑ¡ S¡e¡Ch¡l
J N¡m¡N¡¢m ¢ch¡l ¢h¢nø i‰£, a¡q¡−cl −fËj-hå¥a¡ pq©cua¡ fËi«¢a −L¡jmal
i¡h-fËL¡−nl l£¢a, a¡q¡−cl A¢afË¡L«a ¢hi£¢oL¡−h¡d, Hje¢L a¡q¡−cl °c¢qL
fËu¡p-fË¢a¢œ²u¡l l©f¢VJ BÕQkÑ p¤¤p‰¢al p¢qa h¡wm¡i¡o¡l j¡dÉ−j fËL¡¢na
252
qCu¡−Rz''

416
 HCi¡−h fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢V ¢hQ¡l-¢h−nÔoZ Ll−m HM¡−e
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl e¡e¡ mrZ −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz KfeÉ¡¢pL HM¡−e fVi¨¢j
¢q−p−h j§m Sepj¡S −b−L h¡C−l Ah¢ÙÛa ab¡L¢ba ¢h¢µRæ A’m l©−f e¡N¡
f¡q¡s−L −kje a¥−m H−e−Re, −aj¢e HC f¡q¡−s hph¡pL¡l£ e¡N¡ EfS¡¢al
¢h¢iæ −N¡ù£…¢ml S£heQkÑ¡l phÑ¡‰£Z ¢QœJ fËL¡n L−l−Rez AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u−LJ HC ¢hou¢Vl EµRÅ¢pa fËnwp¡ Ll−a −c¢M -- ""EfeÉ¡−p h¢ZÑa
e¡N¡S¡¢a hhÑla¡l fË¡b¢jL Ù¹l A¢aœ²j e¡ L¢l−mJ Eq¡l ¢h¢nø S£he−h¡d,
A¢hQm pj¡S¡e¤NaÉ, phÑhÉ¡f£ A¢afË¡L«a pwú¡l¡d£ea¡ J r¡œ Bc−nÑl HLV¡
¢qwpË, lš²−m¡m¤f ¢hL«¢al SeÉ Bj¡¢cN−L A−eL piÉa¡l −q¡j¡¢lL k¤−Nl NË£L
l¡SeÉh−NÑl, Hje ¢L úVm™-Cwm−™l p£j¡¿¹-fË−c−nl −N¡ù£¢h−l¡−dl Lb¡ ØjlZ
Ll¡Cu¡ −cuz HC −N¡ù£S£h−el pjÙ¹ My¥¢Ve¡¢V, hwn¡¢ij¡e phÑüa¡, c¤C¢V c−ml
j−dÉ f¤l¦oflÇfl¡Na, A¢ehÑ¡Z ¢h−l¡d, Eq¡l AaÉ¡SÉ pj¡S¢h¢d, Evp−hl
¢h¢iæ Efmr J fËLlZ, cmf¢al ¢e¢hÑQ¡l n¡pe, Afl¡d−h¡−dl pc¡S¡NËa
Ef¢ÙÛ¢a, Eq¡−cl j¤−Ml i¡o¡u j−el Ae¡hªa fËL¡n, B−h−Nl SÆ¡m¡ju c¡q --
pjÙ¹C R¢hl eÉ¡u N¡t hZÑfË−m−f J k−b¡fk¤š² N¢a−hN J e¡VL£ua¡l p¢qa
253
Bj¡−cl ¢eLV A¢hØjlZ£ui¡−h Aw¢La qCu¡−Rz'' ¢a¢e HM¡−eC −b−j
b¡−Le ¢e, HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl BlJ fËnwp¡ L−l ¢a¢e h−m−Re -- "". . . "f§hÑ
254
f¡hÑa£' ¢höÜ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl pw‘¡ phÑ−a¡i¡−h f§lZ L−lz'' a¡l ja
A−e−LC "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h pgm h−m ja ¢c−u−Rez Bjl¡
f§−hÑC "p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ' NË¿Û¢Vl Hhw nË−Üu pj¡−m¡QL Al¦ZL¥j¡l
j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡−ul H pwœ²¡¿¹ hš²−hÉl E−õM L−l¢Rz pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡uJ
ay¡l "h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l'-H H−c−n, ü¡d£ea¡l f−l, B’¢mLa¡l
a¡¢N−cl fÕQ¡−a −cn−L S¡e−a Q¡Ju¡l HLV¡ Ah−Qae a«o·¡l Lb¡ E−õM
Ll−a ¢N−u ¢LR¥ −mM−Ll −hn L−uL¢V EfeÉ¡−pl e¡j L−l−Re, k¡l j−dÉ
"f§hÑf¡hÑa£'l Lb¡J B−Rz

417
 a−h fËg¥õ l¡−ul "f§hÑf¡hÑa£' EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf¨ZÑ pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p,
HV¡ HL Lb¡u −j−e −eJu¡J k¡u e¡z EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l −r−œ Hl p£j¡-
pwq¢a, Q¢lœ ¢QœZ, a¡−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡, l£¢a-e£¢a, fËb¡-pwú¡l, ¢hnÄ¡p-
A¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡LLb¡, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-Bn¡L, h¡pÙÛ¡e, i¡o¡
hÉhq¡−ll ja ¢hou…¢m−a fË−nÀl −aje AhL¡n −eC HV¡ ¢WLC; ¢L¿¹¥ a¡
karZ fkÑ¿¹ e¡N¡ f¡q¡−sl j−dÉ p£j¡hÜ ¢Rm ¢WL aarZ fkÑ¿¹Cz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
fVi¨¢j −nofkÑ¿¹ B¢cj pwú«¢al e¡N¡f¡q¡−sl j−dÉ BhÜ b¡−L ¢e; −pM¡e
−b−L −h¢l−u piÉSN−al B−m¡ −fy±R¡−e¡ −L¡¢qj¡u Q−m H−p−Rz HM¡e −b−L
¢MËØV¡e djÑk¡SL, Cw−lS −pe¡ A¢gp¡l, l¡e£ N¡C¢X¢mJ EfeÉ¡−pl ¢eu¿»Z NËqZ
L−l−Rz g−m e¡N¡ pwú«¢al dÆw−pl f−b ANËpl q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL −pP¡C
e¡N¡ f¡q¡s −b−L ¢e¢rç q−u−R ¢nmw f¡q¡−sl L¡l¡N¡−lz −pM¡−e a¡l ehSeÈ
O−V−R -- −p j¡−d¡m¡−ml AbÑ¡v j¡e¤−ol jªaÉ¥−a −hce¡ Ae¤ih L−l−R, A−eÉl
fË¡Z −eJu¡ −k −pP¡C-Hl L¡−R Ha¢ce ANË¡¢dL¡l −fa a¡l j−dÉC c¤xM,
jja¡l SeÈ q−u−Rz g−m a¡l B¢cj S£heJ −no q−u−Rz H¢c−L Cw−lS−cl
BNË¡p−e e¡N¡ pwú«¢aJ ¢hfkÑ−ul j¤−M f−s−Rz AhnÉ B’¢mL pwú«¢al dÆwp
qJu¡ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −r−œ AaÉ¿¹ ü¡i¡¢hL OVe¡z Bjl¡ Hl B−NJ
"qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll EfLb¡', "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep', "¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j'-Hl
ja pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −r−œ HC ¢hou¢V −cM−a −f−u¢Rz a¡C HV¥L¥
¢haLÑ ü£L¡l L−lC "f§hÑf¡hÑa£'−L HL¢V pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl A¢id¡
¢c−a quz
A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡−ll "Ns nË£M™' fËL¡¢na qu 1957 ¢MËØV¡−ëz H¢V
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V hým B−m¡¢Qa EfeÉ¡pz HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl KfeÉ¡¢pL
pÇf−LÑ AdÉ¡fL ¢n¢nlL¥j¡l c¡n h−m−Re -- ""Bd¤¢eL h¡wm¡-p¡¢q−aÉl AeÉaj
−nËù Lb¡p¡¢q¢aÉLz HL¢c−L fcÈ¡ AeÉ¢c−L L¡’eS´O¡ ay¡l L¡¢qe£l −i±−N¡¢mL
p£j¡−lM¡z Ešlh−‰l j¡e¤o J ¢epNÑ ay¡l lQe¡l j§m EfLlZz . . . a£hË
255
pj¡S−Qae¡ Hhw C¢aq¡p−h¡d ay¡l lQe¡l AeÉaj mrZz'' Bl EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u ¢a¢e S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""Ns nË£M™ (1957) A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l
418
l¢Qa EfeÉ¡pz Ešlh−‰ fcÈ¡a£−l "h¡P¡m ec£ fcÈ¡' −kM¡−e hå−e f−s−R
−pM¡−eC Ns nË£M−™l A¢dh¡p£−cl S£hek¡œ¡z −pM¡−e B−R jdÉk¤−Nl Øj«¢ah¡q£
S¢jc¡l f¢lh¡l, hË¡aÉ p‰¡ll¡, k¡l¡ HLc¡ ¢Rm −e±°p¢eL, B−R e¡e¡ j¡e¤o,
e¡e¡ hª¢šl, e¡e¡ I¢a−qÉlz f¢lhaÑe Q−m−R a¡−cl S£h−e, Ae¡q¡−l, c¤¢iÑ−r,
Bn¡, Bnˆ¡u A¢hl¡j Qmj¡e j¡e¤−ol S£hez L¡¢qe£ −no qu −cn i¡−Nl
pjuz c¤¢iÑr, c¡‰¡, −cni¡N -- j¡e¤o, fËL«¢a, l¡Se£¢a pjÙ¹ n¢š²l
256
V¡e¡−f¡−s−el j−dÉ −hy−Q b¡−L Ns nË£M™z'' AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fË¡b¢jL f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡−ll
"Ns nË£M™' (j¡QÑ, 1957) ¢hNa c¤¢iÑr, p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL c¡‰¡ J −cn-¢hi¡−Nl
fVi¨¢jL¡u h¡Pm¡l HL p£j¡¿¹-A’−ml ¢hfkÑÙ¹ S£hek¡œ¡l L¡¢qe£z HC
EfeÉ¡−p fËd¡eax pj¡−Sl ¢ejÀaj −nËZ£, j¡T¡j¡¢T AhÙÛ¡l L«oL pÇfËc¡u J
aMeJ pµRm pj¡S−ea¡ J NË¡j¢q°a¢o S¢jc¡l−N¡ù£l, Bpæ f¢lhaÑ−el
Bi¡−p A¢ÙÛl, e§ae f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al p¢qa M¡f-M¡Ju¡Ch¡l −Qø¡u ¢hhËa S£hehªš
257
A¢ˆa qCu¡−Rz'' HC c¤C üe¡jdeÉ pj¡−m¡Q−Ll hš²hÉ −b−LC "Ns nË£M™'
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl jq¡L¡¢hÉL hÉ¡¢çl Bi¡p f¡Ju¡ k¡uz A−e−LC HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl AeÉaj −nËù jq¡L¡hÉdjÑ£ EfeÉ¡p h−m ja ¢c−u b¡−Lez HC
j−al p¡lhš¡J B−Rz a−h HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl jq¡L¡hÉd¢jÑa¡l j−dÉC
B’¢mLa¡l ¢LR¥ mrZ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz
ü¡d£ea¡l AhÉh¢qa f§−hÑ O−V k¡Ju¡ h¡wm¡l iuˆl c¤¢iÑr Hhw ü¡d£ea¡
pjL¡m£e iuwLl p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL c¡‰¡−L fVi¨¢j L−l EfeÉ¡p¢V l¢Qaz Hl
L¡¢q¢eL¡m qm 1942 −b−L 1947 ¢MËØV¡ëz HC pjuL¡−ml −fËr¡f−V HL¢V
A’−ml p¡j¢NËL S£heLb¡ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a f¢l−h¢na q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl HC
A’m¢V qm f¡he¡ −Sm¡l c¢r−Z Ah¢ÙÛa fcÈ¡f¡−ll A’m, k¡l Ac§−l ¢QL¢¾c
NË¡jz Hl f§hÑe¡j pñha Ns nË£M™z HM¡−e e¡e¡ Ù¹−ll −m¡LS−el h¡pz H−cl
j−dÉ −LE i¨ü¡j£, −LE ný−l ¢n¢ra¡ −j−u, −LE pÇfæ Q¡¢o, −LE i¨¢jq£e
Q¡¢o, −LE pÇf¨ZÑ ¢exüz H−cl ph¡C−L ¢e−u EfeÉ¡p¢V−a Q¡l¢V L¡¢q¢ehªš N−s
E−W−Rz H…¢m qm p¤¤la¥e, g−aj¡, j¡d¡C, Cu¡S, Cpj¡Cm−cl ¢e−u N¢Wa
419
L¡¢q¢ehªš; p¡eÉ¡mjn¡C, Ae¤p§u¡, p¤¤¢j¢a, eªfe¡l¡uZ, jep¡, pc¡e¾c−cl ¢e−u
N¢Wa L¡¢q¢ehªš; l¡jQ¾cÊ, L«øc¡p, ¢Rc¡j, j¤Pm¡, fcÈ, peL¡, i¡e¤ja£−cl ¢e−u
N¢Wa L¡¢q¢ehªš Hhw B−mg, Hlg¡e, Bm j¡qj¤c, p¡−cL−cl ¢e−u N¢Wa
L¡¢q¢ehªšz HC Q¡l¢V L¡¢q¢ehª−šl j−dÉ −n−ol¢V phÑ¡−fr¡ −R¡V L¡¢q¢ehªšz Bl
p¡eÉ¡m−cl L¡¢q¢ehªš¢Vl fË¢a −mM−Ll frf¡a ¢Rm h−m j−e quz H fËp−‰
AdÉ¡fL AnË¥Lj¡l ¢pLc¡l h−m−Re -- ""p¡j¿¹a−¿»l fË¢ai¨ p¡eÉ¡m-f¢lh¡−ll
fË¢a −mM−Ll hÉ¢š²Na frf¡a H−p−R EfeÉ¡−pl HC L¡¢qe£−a BaÈ°Sh¢eL
258
EfLlZ hÉhq¡−ll g−mCz'' a−h EfeÉ¡p¢Vl EvL«øaj L¡¢q¢ehªš qm
p¤¤lae-j¡d¡C-Cu¡S−cl ¢e−u N¢Wa L¡¢q¢ehªš¢V -- ""¢nÒf£ ¢q−p−h ay¡l frf¡a
259
−a¡ p¤¤la¥e j¡d¡C l¡jQ¾cÊ Hlg¡−el fË¢a d¡¢haz'' EfeÉ¡p¢V öl¦J q−u−R
p¤¤la¥e AbÑ¡v p¤¤−l¡l L¡¢q¢e ¢c−uz −p I A’−ml Afl¡dfËhZ p¡¾c¡l EfS¡¢al
LeÉ¡z A¢ii¡hLq£e −j−u p¤¤−l¡ −f−Vl V¡−e Q¡−ml −Q¡l¡L¡lh¡−l S¢s−u f−sz
a−h f¤¢m−n c¡−l¡N¡ LeL a¡−L d−lJ −R−s −cuz
AhnÉ Hl f§−hÑJ p¤¤−l¡l S£h−el HL¢V C¢aq¡p B−Rz HN¡−l¡ hRl
hu−p HC p¤¤−la¥−æR¡ AbÑ¡v p¤¤−l¡ d¢oÑa¡ q−u¢Rmz Hl ¢hi£¢oL¡ h¡¢mL¡ p¤¤−l¡l
j−e HLV¡ f¡L¡ ra¢Qq² Hy−L ¢c−u¢Rm -- HLV¡ j¡e¢pL ¢hL¡l, −k±ea¡ pÇf−LÑ
iuwLl HLV¡ Baˆz p¤¤−l¡−L ¢cO¡ h¾cl −lm −ØVn−el −f¡VÑ¡l j¡d¡C h¡−u−el
¢e−Sl O−l BnËu −cuz j¡d¡C-C a¡−L −l¡SN¡−ll q¢cn −cuz c¤'S−el j−dÉ
i¡−m¡h¡p¡J SeÈ¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ h¡¢mL¡ hu−pl −pC Ba−ˆl L¡l−ZC p¤¤−l¡ C−µR
b¡L−mJ j¡d¡C-Hl L¡−R ¢e−Sl nl£l−L pjfÑZ Ll−a f¡−l e¡ -- HL¢ce j¡d¡C
kMe a¡−L °c¢qL ¢jm−el fË¡−¿¹ H−e q¡¢Sl L−l, ALØj¡v j¡e¢pL ¢hL¡−ll
a¡se¡u A¢eµR¡ J Ba−ˆ −p EeÈ¡¢ce£l j−a¡ R¥V−a R¥V−a AåL¡−l ¢j¢m−u
k¡uz qah¤¢Ü j¡d¡C a¡−L dl−a f¡−l e¡z HCi¡−h j¡d¡C−L h¢’a Ll¡l SeÉ
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¢g−l −k−a f¡−l ¢ez C¢aj−dÉ −p Q¡−ml −Q¡l¡L¡lh¡¢l g−aj¡l L¡−R BnËu
−f−u−Rz œ²−j HLV¥ HLV¥ L−l al¦Z Cu¡−Sl BNË−ql S¡−m S¢s−u f−s−Rz
AhnÉ j¡d¡C−L −p i¥m−aJ f¡−l ¢ez
420
 H¢c−L p¤¤−l¡−L q¡¢l−u j¡d¡C ¢iæfb d−lz −p qa¡n q−u −hf−l¡u¡i¡−h
Ah¡d h¡lh¢ea¡-pwpNÑ d−lz H−cl j−dÉ Qy¡cj¡m L¥ù −l¡N¡œ²¡¿¹ −S−eJ L¡lJ
p¡hd¡e h¡LÉ e¡ −j−e a¡l p−‰ Bp‰ ¢mÃp¡u −j−a−Rz Hl gmJ g−m−R --
j¡d¡CJ L¥ù −l¡N¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u f−s−Rz Cu¡−Sl L¡−R p¤¤−l¡ j¡d¡C-Hl HC Mhl
−f−u−Rz Hl j−dÉ fËhm heÉ¡u ¢cO¡l h¾cl X¥−h −N−m p¤¤−l¡ E¢àNÀ q−u f−s−R
Hhw −p¢c−L lJe¡ ¢c−u−Rz AhnÉ −p Bl j¡d¡C-Hl på¡e f¡u ¢ez H¢c−L
Cu¡−Sl p−‰ −c−ql pÇf−LÑl g−m a¡l −k±e n£ama¡l Ahp¡e O−V−Rz a−h
a¡l −c−ql pÇfLÑ Cu¡−Sl p−‰ q−mJ j−el pÇfLÑ j¡d¡C−ul ¢c−L Abh¡
c¤'S−el ¢c−LCz −nofkÑ¿¹ p¤¤−l¡ h¤T−a −f−l−R −k, Cu¡SC a¡l i¢hoÉvz
p¤¤la¥e-g−aj¡-g¥mV¥¢p-j¡d¡C-Cu¡S−cl ¢e−u L¡¢q¢el −k d¡l¡, a¡ HM¡−eC −noz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl Blñ p¤¤la¥e−L ¢e−u, −noJ −pC p¤¤la¥e−L ¢c−uCz Bl−ñ
¢Rm j¡d¡C, −n−o Hm Cu¡Sz HC EfeÉ¡−p BlJ ¢ae¢V L¡¢q¢ehªš b¡L−mJ
pj¡−m¡QL−cl j−a HC p¤¤la¥e-j¡d¡C-gaj¡−cl ja ¢ejÀ−nËZ£l j¡e¤o−cl ¢e−u
N−s JW¡ L¡¢q¢ehªš¢VC −nËù L¡¢q¢ehªšz a¡C −cM¡ k¡u AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u EfeÉ¡p¢Vl S¢jc¡l−cl ¢e−u N−s JW¡ L¡¢q¢ehªš¢Vl pj¡−m¡Qe¡
L−l h−m−Re −k, S¢jc¡l-f¢lh¡−ll S£he¢Qœ ¢houL Awn¢V EfeÉ¡−pl phÑ¡−fr¡
c¤hÑm Awnz ¢L¿¹¥ ¢ejÀ−nËZ£l j¡e¤o−cl L¡¢q¢e pÇf−LÑ ay¡l j§mÉ¡ue qm -- ""HC
EfeÉ¡−p Bjl¡ Hje HL −nËZ£l el-e¡l£l f¢lQu f¡Cm¡j k¡q¡l¡ pQl¡Ql
EfeÉ¡−pl ¢hou£i¨a qu e¡Cz j¡¢Vl L¡R¡L¡¢R −k j¡e¤−ol SeÉ lh£¾cÊe¡b
fËa£r¡ L¢lu¡¢R−me L¡−hÉ a¡q¡−cl cnÑe H k¡hv e¡ ¢j¢m−mJ HC EfeÉ¡−p −k
260
a¡q¡−cl B¢hiÑ¡h HC d¡lZ¡ A−k±¢š²L e−qz'' Bl pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b
l¡−ul j−a -- ""L¡¢qe£l ¢h¢iæ d¡l¡l HL-HL¢V Q−m−R pj¡−Sl EyQ¥-¢eQ¥ HL-
HL¢V Ù¹l−L Ahmðe L'−lz p¤¤la¥e-j¡d¡C-g−aj¡−cl Ù¹l¢V qm pj¡−Sl ph
Q¡C−a ¢e−Qlz . . . L¡¢qe£l d¡l…¢ml j−dÉ HC−VC üµR¾cajz . . . ph −b−L
Ef−l Ns nË£M−™l ¢hMÉ¡a p¡eÉ¡m f¢lh¡−ll Ù¹l, EµQ pwú«¢al p−‰ pw¢nÔøz
L«¢œja¡l ØfnÑ HCM¡−eCz . . . l¡jQ¾cÊ L«o·c¡p i¡e¤ja£−cl Ù¹l, B−mg

421
Hlg¡e−cl Ù¹l, HC Ù¹l¢VJ −mM−Ll fË¢ai¡l ØfnÑ −b−L h¢’a euz ¢L¿¹¥
H−Lh¡−l ¢e−Ql Ù¹−ll SeÉC, p¤¤la¥e-j¡d¡C-g−aj¡−cl SeÉC h¡wm¡ Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉl
261
¢hÙ¹£ZÑ HmL¡u Ns nË£M−™l Ha jkÑ¡c¡z'' k¡l¡ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L "p¡eÉ¡m
f¢lh¡−ll L¡¢qe£' h−m ja ¢c−a Q¡e, a¡−cl E−ŸnÉ AdÉ¡fL A−m¡L l¡u
h−m−Re -- ""¢L¿¹¥ Ns nË£M™ öd¤ p¡eÉ¡m f¢lh¡−ll L¡¢qe£ eu, Ešlh−‰l
HL¡¢dL Se−N¡ù£l S£hepwNË¡−jl L¡¢qe£z a¡l j−dÉ p¡¾c¡l−cl −j−u p¤¤−l¡ h¡
p¤¤la¥−æR¡−L HLV¥ −h¢n fË¡d¡eÉ −cJu¡ q−u−R -- a¡−L ¢c−uC EfeÉ¡−pl öl¦,
Bl a¡−L ¢c−uC EfeÉ¡−pl pj¡¢çz −pC p−‰ B−R "h¡P¡m ec£' fcÈ¡ Bl
a¡l aVi¨¢j -- k¡ EfeÉ¡p−L ¢c−u−R j¡¢Vl Nå; Bl j¡¢V−Oyo¡ ¢LR¥ j¡e¤o --
262
l¡jQ¾cÊ j™m, j¤PÚm¡, ¢Rc¡j, B−mg Bl Hlg¡ez''
A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡−ll HC "Ns nË£M™' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl OVe¡d¡l¡ f¡he¡
−Sm¡l fcÈ¡a£lhaÑ£ g¢lcf¤l-ec£u¡ −Oyo¡ ¢QL¢¾c, h¤−dX¡P¡, QlZL¡¢n, j¡¢eL¢cu¡l
NË¡j J h¾cl ¢cO¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l N−s E−W−Rz HC A’m¢V j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ
Ah¢ÙÛa q−mJ h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl −fË¢r−a ¢h¢µRæ ¢q−p−hC EfÙÛ¡¢faz KfeÉ¡¢pL
Hl f¢lQu pÇf−LÑ S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""HC HL −cn, n¡m-jýu¡l eu, d¡−el Hhw
f¡−Vlz g¡ÒN¥−e HM¡−e Ec¡pLl¡ m¡m lP −eC, HM¡−e °N¢lL Ah¡¿¹lz ¢ea¡¿¹
j¡¢Vl −cnz N¡R-N¡Rs¡l ph¤S l−PJ j¡¢Vl N¡ta¡z hoÑ¡u N¡Rf¡m¡…¢m hy¡Q−h¡-
hy¡Q−h¡ h−m −cM-−cM L−l −h−s J−Wz a¡lfl B−p hoÑZq£e ALl¦Z ¢cez d¤ d¤
¢eØgm j¡−Wl ¢c−L a¡¢L−u −Q¡−M f−s g¡V-dl¡ L¡m−Q j¡¢V, CaÙ¹a c¤-HLV¡
h¡hm¡ N¡Rz N¡R…−m¡l f¡a¡ −eC, B−R öd¤ öL−e¡ Ly¡V¡z fË¡Z-öL¡−e¡ −l±−â
cy¡¢s−u B−l¡ cªt B−l¡ LLÑn qh¡l afpÉ¡ Ll−R Ly¡V¡…¢mz hy¡Q−h¡, hy¡Q−h¡ --
263
HC l¦ÜnÄ¡p BL¨¢a −p…¢mlz Ec¡p£ea¡ eu, AaÉ¿¹ Ni£l −j¡qz'' HC
hZÑe¡ −b−LC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl ü¡a¿»É Øfø q−u J−Wz EfeÉ¡−pl
−h¢nli¡N OVe¡ HC −i±−N¡¢mL AhÙÛ¡−el j−dÉC O−V−Rz p¤¤al¡w H¢cL −b−L
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mLa¡l c¡h£ A−eLV¡C f§lZ L−l−Rz

422
 "Ns nË£M™' HL¢V hªqc¡L¡l EfeÉ¡pz Hl Q¡l¢V L¡¢q¢ehª−š fËQ¥l
Q¢l−œl pj¡Nj O−V−Rz HC pjÙ¹ Q¢lœl¡ qm -- p¡eÉ¡m jn¡C, Ae¤p§u¡,
eªfe¡l¡uZ, p¤¤¢j¢a, l©fe¡l¡Z, jep¡, pc¡e¾c j¡ØV¡l, p¤¤la¥e, j¡d¡C, g−aj¡,
Cu¡S, Cpj¡Cm, g¥mV¥¢p, −V¢fl j¡, LeL c¡lN¡, −N¡¢h¾c, −Ny¡p¡C, l¡jQ¾cÊ,
L«øc¡p, ¢Rc¡j, j¤Pm¡, fcÈ, peL¡, i¡e¤ja£, B−mg, Hlg¡e, Bm j¡qj¤c,
p¡−cL, lSh¡m£, Sue¡m, Cu¡L¥h, −p¡i¡e fËj¤Mz Hl¡ fË¡u ph¡C EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a
A’m¢Vl j¡e¤oSez EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢e¢cÑø −L¡−e¡ e¡uL h¡ e¡¢uL¡ −eCz a¡C
AdÉ¡fL AnË¥L¥j¡l ¢pLc¡l h−m−Re -- ""fË−aÉL L¡¢qe£hª−šl fªbL e¡uL-e¡¢uL¡
f¡¢µR, ¢L¿¹¥ −L¡−e¡ c¤¢V Q¢lœ−L pÇf¨ZÑ EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL h¡ e¡¢uL¡ hm¡ k¡−h e¡z
HL¢V hª−šl e¡uL-e¡¢uL¡ j¡d¡C-p¤¤la¥e, A¢iS¡ahªš¢Vl p¡eÉ¡m-Ae¤p§u¡, a«a£u
hªš¢Vl l¡jQ¾cÊ-fcÈz ¢L¿¹¥ pñha HC Lb¡V¡ −mM−Ll Ae¤−j¡ce f¡u, pjNË
264
"EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL Ns nË£M™z e¡¢uL¡ fcÈ¡z'' HC hš²hÉ −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u
−k, EfeÉ¡p¢V−a fËQ¥l Q¢lœ b¡L−mJ HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m, H−r−œ Ns nË£M™
A’m¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ NËqZ L−l−Rz a−h Q¢lœ−cl j−dÉJ HLV¡ ÙÛ¡¢eL
hÉ¡f¡l-pÉ¡f¡l l−u −N−Rz −kje j¡d−hl hZÑe¡u ¢a¢e ¢m−M−Re -- ""j¡d¡C h¡−ue
(LM−e¡ j¡dh h¡cÉLl) Bj¡l-−a¡j¡l −Q¡−M e£m, LM−e¡-h¡ M¡¢L E¢cÑfl¡ HL¢V
−lmJ−u −f¡VÑ¡lj¡œz h−s¡-h−s¡ Q¥−m f¡a¡L¡V¡ ¢py¢b, f¡−ul j¡−fl Q¡C−a h−s¡
HL−S¡s¡ Qèm f¡−u ¢nn ¢c−a-¢c−a −k h¾cl ¢cO¡l −ØVne-fÔÉ¡Vg−jÑ Hl-a¡l
265
p−‰ Cu¡¢LÑ −j−l −hs¡u, p¤¤−l¡l q¡−a −p-C e£mfr£ By¢L−u ¢c−u−Rz''
HC EfeÉ¡−pl Q¢lœ−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡l ¢hhlZJ KfeÉ¡¢pL AaÉ¿¹
¢hnÄÙ¹a¡l p−‰ f¢l−hne L−l−Rez HC hªqc¡L¡l EfeÉ¡−p e¡e¡ −fn¡l, e¡e¡
hª¢šl −m¡−Ll pj¡−hn O−V−Rz H−cl j−dÉ −kje p¡eÉ¡m−cl ja A¢iS¡a i¨-
ü¡j£ p¡j¿¹fËi¥l¡ B−R, −aj¢e ný−l ¢n¢ra¡ −j−u, pÇfæ Q¡¢o, i¨¢jq£e Q¡¢o,
HjeL£ pÇf¨ZÑ ¢exü j¡e¤oSeJ B−Rz Bh¡l Q¡L¥¢lS£h£ Abh¡ Q¡L¥¢l −b−L
Ahpl −eJu¡ j¡e¤oS−elJ p¡r¡v HM¡−e f¡Ju¡ k¡uz HR¡s¡J Ai¡−hl V¡−e
¢exü, ¢lš² j¡e¤o−cl jeÄ¿¹l J k¤−Ül pjL¡−m Q¡−ml −Q¡l¡L¡lh¡−l k¤š² q−a

423
−cM¡ k¡uz Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n I A’−ml l£¢a-e£¢a, pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡−pl ¢LR¥ R¢hJ
HM¡−e B−Rz djÑ¢hnÄ¡−pl ¢cL −b−L HM¡−e c¤C fËd¡e djÑ -- ¢q¾c¥ J j¤p¢mj
d−jÑl j¡e¤o−cl −cM¡ k¡uz Hl j−dÉ ¢q¾c¥ d−jÑl j−dÉ −b−LC °ho·h pÇfËc¡−ul
¢LR¥ L¡kÑ¡h¢ml E−õM HM¡−e B−Rz Bl H−Lh¡−l ¢exü, ¢e¢cÑø hª¢šq£e, üi¡h-
Afl¡d£, k¡k¡hl j¤p¢mj p¡¾c¡l −N¡ù£l j¡e¤oSe−L −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz a−h
HL¢V pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−p −ki¡−h HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø ÙÛ¡−el l£¢a-e£¢a, pwú¡l-
¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡LLb¡-−m¡LI¢a−qÉl f¢lQu fËL¡n f¡u, HC EfeÉ¡−p a¡l HL¡¿¹
Ai¡hz HM¡−e HL¢V ¢jnË pwú«¢a fËL¡n −f−u−Rz Hah−s¡ EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HL¢V
¢e¢cÑø −N¡ù£l pwú«¢a−L g¥¢V−u −a¡m¡ pñhJ ¢Rm e¡z qu−a¡ HC L¡l−ZC
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl l£¢a −j−e HM¡−e HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’−ml M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p-
M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, Olh¡¢s fËi«¢al ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ −cJu¡J pñh qu
¢ez Bp−m A¿¹ÉS −nËZ£l B¢cj j−e¡i¡h¡fæ j¡e¤o…¢mC HC EfeÉ¡−pl ph−Q−u
EvL−oÑl ¢cL -- a¡−cl e¡ B−R Q¡mQ¥−m¡, e¡ B−R Olh¡¢s, e¡ B−R ¢e¢cÑø
l£¢a-e£¢a, e¡ B−R ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡lz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l ¢cL −b−L H¢V
HL¢V hs œ¥¢Vz
a−h i¡o¡ hÉhq¡−ll −r−œ KfeÉ¡¢pL AaÉ¿¹ p−Qaea¡l f¢lQu
¢c−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¡o¡l fËnwp¡ L−l pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re
-- "" . . . −p EfeÉ¡−pJ A¢jui¨o−Zl i¡o¡l n¡¿¹, d£l Q¡m, p¤¤pj”p NWez
266
Hhw Ae¡¢hø i‰£ EfeÉ¡−pl ¢hou N¡ñ£−kÑl Efk¤š² Bd¡l q−u¢Rmz'' HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V ¢a¢e j¡eÉQ¢ma h¡wm¡−a ¢mM−mJ −pC i¡o¡u fËQ¥l f¢lj¡−Z ÙÛ¡e£u
B’¢mL h¡wm¡ i¡o¡u hÉhq©a qu Hje në Y¥¢L−u ¢c−u−Rez ¢a¢e pwm¡−fl
−r−œ iâ, A¢iS¡a, ¢n¢ra Q¢lœ−cl j¤−M j¡eÉQ¢ma h¡wm¡l pwm¡f
h¢p−u−Rez ¢L¿¹¥ ¢ejÀ−nËZ£l Q¢lœ−cl j¤−M ÙÛ¡e£u i¡o¡l pwm¡f ¢c−u−Rez −kje--
1z ""p¤¤¢j¢a iu −Y−L i−u-i−u hm−m¡, "p¡eÉ¡m−cl h¡¢s −Q−e¡?
"−S, j¡'W¡e, −ae¡l¡ j¤¢eh'z
"−a¡jl¡ fb ¢Q−e ¢e−u −k−a f¡l−h −a¡'?

424
 "−S, Bf¢e EW¢mC −Nm¡j'z
"k¢c clL¡l qu L¡m −a¡j¡−cl c¡−l¡N¡p¡−qh My¥−S f¡−h e'?
"a¡ Bl f¡−he e¡! ¢a¢e −a¡ Bj¡−cl h¡¢sl 'f−l −O¡s¡ b¡j¡−u
267
f¡W¡−u ¢c−me'z''

2z ""Hlg¡e −l -- '
"L£ LJ h−s¡i¡C'?
"S¢j dl−h¡'?
"S¢j'?
"quz ¢hn V¡L¡u ¢hO¡, HL hR−ll M¡CM¡m¡¢p'z
268
"i¡−h −c¢M'z''

3z ""B−mg hm−m¡, "HLV¡ L¡−j Bm¡jz Mhl öe−R¡ e¡'?

"−l¡SC öe¢a¢R, −L¡eV¡ LJ'?
"L¢j¢V e¡¢L L£ q¢h'?
"q¢h −a¡ HC j¡−pC'z
269
"a¡C−m −p−œ²V¡¢l −L qu'?''

4z ""g−aj¡ hm−m¡, "−Lje −cM¢m'?

"a¡ −pClLjz ¢np ¢c−u h¡S¡−ll j−dÉ O¤l¢a¢R−m¡'z
"−a¡−L ¢LR¥ L−m'?
"e¡ BÇj¡, −a¡j¡l Sue¤m-−p¡i¡e−L −cMm¡jz a¡l¡ a¡N−l Bî¡l
−c¡L¡e Sy¡L¡−u h−p−Rz HLSe L−m, Lp¡C Bh¡l ¢eL¡ Ll−R, ¢L¿¹¥L d−l−R
ruL¡n'z
"Sue¤m-−p¡i¡eJ −a¡−L ¢LR¥ L−m e¡'?
"B¢j a¡−cl p¡j−e ¢N¢R? c¤l ¢bL¡ cy¡s¡−u −cMm¡j'z

425
 270
"Hh¡l −N¢m Lb¡ L−u B¢pp'z g−aj¡ hm−m¡z''

5z ""Cu¡S hm−m¡, "J−W¡, p¤¤−l¡, QlZL¡¢nl h−s¡ −p−Ml h¡¢sa ¢LR¥ M¡h¡l
f¡Ju¡ k¡u ¢Le¡ −c¢M'z
p¤¤−l¡ hm−m¡, "a¡ −ke −cMh¡, −p −L¡e cÉ¡n? cÉ¡n e¡ i¡N qC−R?
Bjl¡ e¡ −j¡Rmj¡e'?
Cu¡S hm−m¡, "qu! p¤¤−l¡ p¡¾c¡l¢e HL −j¡Rmj¡e, Bj¤J Bl HL
271
−qyc¤z g−aj¡−L BÇj¡ La¡j, h¡f −LX¡ S¡¢e −ez HC e¡ QlZ L¡¢nz''
A¢jui¨o−Zl "Ns nË£M™' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC pjÙ¹ mr−Zl ¢e¢l−M
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L Bf¡ai¡−h HL¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−mC j−e quz ¢L¿¹¥ HLV¥
−Mu¡m Ll−mC −h¡T¡ k¡u −k, HC EfeÉ¡p¢V LM−e¡C HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl fkÑ¡−u −f±yR¡u ¢ez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p e¡ qJu¡l −fR−e
fËd¡e h¡d¡ ¢q−p−h L¡S L−l−R Hl ¢hf¤m¡uae J L¡¢q¢eNa ¢hÙ¹«¢az HM¡−e
−i±−N¡¢mL p£j¡-pwq¢al −Q−u p¡j¢NËLa¡C −h¢n fË¡d¡eÉ −f−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC
¢hou¢V pj¡−m¡QL p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ulJ eSl H¢s−u k¡u¢ez ¢a¢e Hl
j§mÉ¡u−e h−m−Re -- """Ns nË£M−™' HL¢V k¤−Nl S¡a£u −hce¡ ¢hf¤m ILa¡−e
TwL«a q−u−Rz S¡a£u S£h−el HL¢V −N¡V¡ pj¡−Sl Lb¡ ¢Q¢œa q−u−R HC
EfeÉ¡−pz S£h−el −pC −hce¡−L HC EfeÉ¡−p phÑœ fË¡u q¡a ¢c−u ØfnÑ Ll¡
k¡uz j¡e¤−ol S£h−el p−‰ S£¢hL¡l pÇfLÑ, ¢Ræj§m qh¡l f§hÑrZ¢V−a −L¡b¡u
V¡e f−s, −Lje L−l …y¢s−u k¡u hýL¡mNa pÇfLÑ, ¢Ræj§m qh¡l Af§hÑ
¢el¢ij¡e je ¢e−u −p…¢m−L −c−M−Re, ay¡l ¢el¡p¢š²l l¡S¢pwq¡pe ¢h¾c¥j¡œ
¢hQ¢ma qu ¢e, −hce¡u q©c¢f™ EeȨm q−u k¡h¡l Lb¡, aMeJz Ešlh−‰l
S£he, −L¡−e¡fËL¡l B’¢mLa¡l fËu¡p hÉ¢a−l−LC dªa q−u−R flj ¢e¢ÕQ¢a−a
272
J ¢hnÄ¡−pz'' Bp−m Ns nË£M−™ KfeÉ¡¢pL A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l HLp−‰
L¡m−Qae¡, ÙÛ¡e−Qae¡, j¡eh−Qae¡ −b−L öl¦ L−l S¡a£uQae¡ fkÑ¿¹ A−eL
¢LR¥−LC d−l−Rez g−m EfeÉ¡p¢V LM−e¡C HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø N¢äl j−dÉ BhÜ qu
¢ez Hl j−dÉ A−eL¡w−nC jq¡L¡hÉdjÑ£ EfeÉ¡−pl mrZ fËL¢Va q−u−Rz
426
AdÉ¡fL AnË¥L¥j¡l ¢pLc¡l EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC mrZ¢V ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u h−m−Re --
""jq¡L¡−hÉl j−dÉ −k pjNËa¡ f¡C, −k EfeÉ¡p jq¡L¡−hÉl Bc−m N−s J−W,
a¡l j−dÉJ Bjl¡ −pC pjNËa¡ Bn¡ L¢lz "Ns nË£M−™'l j−dÉ p−hÑ¡ai¡−h
273
−pC f¢lf§ZÑa¡ B−Rz''
"Ns nË£M™' h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V jq¡L¡hÉdjÑ£ EfeÉ¡p h−m ü£L«a
q−mJ Hl B’¢mLa¡−LJ Aü£L¡l Ll¡l Ef¡u −eCz HV¡ −j−e ¢e−aC qu −k,
HM¡−e HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ja j§m Sepj¡S h¢qiѨa −L¡−e¡
A’m Hhw −pM¡−e hph¡pL¡l£ HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø Se−N¡ù£l phÑ¡‰£Z S£heQkÑ¡l
¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ fËL¡−nÉ B−p¢ez B’¢mL fËL«¢a J j¡eh fËL«¢al ¢e¢hs
−jmhåeJ phÑœ cªti¡−h c¡e¡ h¡−d ¢ez a−h HV¡J ¢WL −k, HC EfeÉ¡−pl
fVi¨¢j f¡he¡l fcÈ¡a£lhaÑ£ HL¢V A’m−L NËqZ Ll¡ q−u−R, k¡ j§m
Sepj¡−Sl j¡−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−u e¡e¡ L¡l−Z ¢h¢µRæ ¢q−p−hC ¢h−h¢Qa q−a f¡−lz
HC EfeÉ¡−p −k −p¡¾cl pÇfËc¡u J a¡−cl p¤¤L−W¡l S£heQkÑ¡l Lb¡ E−W H−p−R,
h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl ¢e¢l−M a¡ A¢ieh ¢q−p−hC ¢h−h¢Qa quz EfeÉ¡−pl ¢ejÀ
Q¢l−œl pwm¡−fl i¡o¡−aJ ¢a¢e h¡wm¡ i¡o¡l B’¢mL l©f−L NËqZ L−l−Rez
p¤¤al¡w hªqc¡uae "Ns nË£M™' EfeÉ¡p¢V−L ¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑ l¢Qa h¡wm¡
p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ B’¢mLa¡l mrZk¤š² EfeÉ¡p h−m ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡C
k¡uz
p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V fËL¡¢na qu 1958 ¢MËØV¡−ëz H¢V
−mM−Ll AeÉaj −nËù EfeÉ¡p h−m A¢dL¡wn f¡WLC ü£L¡l L−l −eez H
¢ho−u pj¡−m¡QL−cl j−dÉJ M¤h HLV¡ ja¢h−l¡d −eCz a¡C AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l
h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u−L hm−a ö¢e -- ""na¢Lu¡ p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol AeÉaj −nËù EfeÉ¡−pl
274
jkÑ¡c¡ m¡i L¢lu¡−Rz'' öd¤ a¡C eu, ¢hq¡l l¡−SÉl (haÑj¡−e T¡sM™ l¡SÉ)
j¡ei¨j Hm¡L¡l HL¢V ¢h−no A’m−L fVi¨¢j L−l −mM¡ HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
B−m¡Qe¡L¡−m ¢a¢e H−L p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol HL¢V n¢š²n¡m£ EfeÉ¡p h−m j¿¹hÉ
L−l−Re -- ""na¢Lu¡' (BNø, 1958) p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol Bl HL¢V n¢š²n¡m£
EfeÉ¡pz Cq¡−a j¡ei¨j-A’−ml B¢cj pwú¡lfËd¡e S£hek¡œ¡l p¢qa Eq¡l
427
fËL«¢a f¢l−h−nl HL BÕQkÑ A¿¹xp‰¢a J HL¡aÈa¡ l©f f¡Cu¡−R; c¡ö Ol¡¢j
J pL¡m£l S£h−e HC BlZÉ-fËL«¢a Eq¡l ec£, f¡q¡s, S‰m, Hje ¢L ¢qwpË
275
S¿¹¥ p−ja −ke ¢e¢hs pw−k¡N BhÜ J h¡PÚju qCu¡ E¢Wu¡−Rzz'' HC
hš²−hÉl j−dÉC ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡ pÇf−LÑ C¢‰a ¢c−u−Rez ay¡l
f¡n¡f¡¢n AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u J AdÉ¡fL c¤NÑ¡nˆl j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u
pl¡p¢l "na¢Lu¡'l B’¢mLa¡l mrZ…¢m−L −j−e ¢e−u EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡p h−m ja ¢c−u−Rez Hl j−dÉ AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -
- ""p¡ÇfË¢aL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h Bl ¢ae¢Vl e¡j AhnÉ E−õMÉ --
pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C Q¢la j¡ep' (1949-50), p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡'
276
(1958), fËi¡a −ch plL¡−ll "Jl¡ L¡S L−l' (1964)z'' Bl c¤NÑ¡nˆl
h¡h¤l j−e q−u−R -- ""¢hq¡−ll j¡ei¨j A’−ml B¢cj el−N¡ù£l S£hek¡œ¡l
¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQuhq EfeÉ¡p p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡'z j¡ei¨−jl i¨fËL«¢a --
jd¤L¥¢fl j§L fËL«¢a L¡¢qe£l fËd¡e Q¢lœ c¡ö Ol¡¢jl S£he−L naf¡−L −høe
L−l−Rz HL¢c−L c¡ö−L BnËu L−l I A’m-fËL«¢a S£h¿¹ q−u E−W−R,
AeÉ¢c−L a¡l Ù»£l flfl c¤C ¢MËødjÑ£ f¤l¦o−L ¢hh¡−ql jdÉ ¢c−u −p öe−a
277
−f−u−R a¡l pkaÀm¡¢ma pwú«¢al phÑe¡n-pw−Laz'' Hph E¢š² −b−L HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p h−mC j−e quz a−h "na¢Lu¡'l B’¢mLa¡l
ül©f ¢eZÑ−u Ll−a hp−m EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e-hÙ¹¥l f¢lQu ¢e−aC quz
p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e-hÙ¹¥ ¢àa£u ¢hnÄk¤−Ül flhaÑ£
L¡−m öl¦ q−u ü¡d£e i¡l−al fËbj ¢ehÑ¡Qe fkÑ¿¹ ¢hÙ¹«a q−u−Rz AhnÉ
Øj«¢aQ¡lZ¡u HM¡−e ¢hnÄk¤−Ül fËÙ¹¥¢al pjuL¡−ml Lb¡J H−p−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V
avL¡m£e ¢hq¡l (haÑj¡−e T¡sM™) l¡−SÉl −R¡Ve¡Nf¤l j¡mi¨¢jl j¡ei¨j
Hm¡L¡l HL¢V ¢h−no A’−ml fVi¨¢jL¡u l¢Qaz EfeÉ¡−p −pC ¢h−no A’m¢V
jd¤L¥¢f NË¡j e¡−j EfÙÛ¡¢faz HC hªqc¡uae EfeÉ¡p¢V−a jd¤L¥¢f NË¡j Hhw
avpwmNÀ A’m¢Vl L−uL hR−ll j−dÉ −k f¢lhaÑe p¡¢da qu, a¡l phÑ¡‰£Z
l©f−L −cM¡−e¡ q−u−Rz g−m HM¡−e HL¢c−L c¡ö Ol¡¢jl j¡dÉ−j f¤l¡ae

428
pwú«¢a−L ¢V¢L−u l¡M¡l BfË¡Z fË−Qø¡ −kje −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡u, −aj¢e
k¿»¢eiÑl dea¡¢¿»L hÉhÙÛ¡ J ¢MËø¡e d−jÑl BNË¡p−e −pC pwú«¢al Ahp¡−e
pj¡ShÉhÙÛ¡l f¢lhaÑe E−W H−p−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl öl¦−aC Bjl¡ Hl −L¾cÊ£u Q¢lœ ab¡ e¡uL c¡ö Ol¡¢j−L
fy¡Q hRl −S−m L¡¢V−u NË¡−j ¢g−l Bp−a −c¢Mz Ha¢ce −S−m b¡L¡L¡m£e
AhÙÛ¡u −p ¢e−Sl jd¤L¥¢f NË¡j¢V−L ¢e−u −k l¢Pe ü−fÀ jn…m ¢Rm, a¡ NË¡−j
−Y¡L¡l B−NC h¡d¡fË¡ç quz −p mr L−l -- NË¡−j ea¥e l¡Ù¹¡ q−u−R, °hn¡M
j¡−p r£ZSm b¡L¡ Ml−pË¡a¡ Xl¡¢e ec£l Efl −pa¥ ¢e¢jÑa q−u−Rz h¡¢s−a H−p
c¡ö BlJ ¢h¢Øja q−u k¡uz −S−m k¡h¡l pju Aø¡cn£ Ù»£ j¤lm£−L −p −k
AhÙÛ¡u −l−M ¢N−u¢Rm, BS j¤lm£ −p AhÙÛ¡u −eC -- a¡l h¢ql¡¢‰L Ahuh,
−f¡n¡L-f¢lµR−c k−bø f¢lhaÑe H−p−R, −pCp−‰ j¡e¢pLa¡J hc−m −N−Rz a¡l
HL¡æ V¡L¡ f−Z ¢h−u Ll¡ T¡mc¡l j−qn l¡M¡−ml −j−u j¤lm£ HMe Bl
B¢ch¡p£ hd§¢V −eC, −p piÉ SN−al −j−u−cl j−a¡ p¡u¡-n¡¢s f−l, p¡S−N¡S
L−l Hhw ¢pØV¡l j¡c¢m−el Mè−l f−s ¢MËØV¡e Bch L¡uc¡ ¢n−M −pm¡C −j¢ne
Q¡¢m−u c¤'fup¡ −l¡SN¡lJ L−lz c¡ö−LJ −p ¢MËØV¡e h¡e¡−a Q¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ c¡ö
a¡l üdjÑ −b−L ¢LR¥−aC −h¢l−u Bp−a l¡¢S qu e¡z a¡l üfÀ HL¢V S¢j
pwNËq L−l −pM¡−e L«¢oL¡S L−l S£he A¢ah¡¢qa Ll¡z HSeÉ Lf¡mh¡h¡l
fË¢a c¡öl BN¡d BÙÛ¡z HLpju fkÑ¿¹ jd¤L¥¢fl B¢ch¡p£ pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤o
−m¡−Ll S¢j−a j¤¢eo −M−V, −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡−s L¡W-f¡a¡ pwNËq L−l h¡
fö ¢nL¡l L−l, Xl¡¢el −pË¡−a N¡ H¢m−u jýu¡l jc BL˜ f¡e L−l
ü¡d£ei¡−h M¤h p¤¤−MC ¢ce L¡V¡−a¡z ¢L¿¹¥ dea−¿»l BNj−e −pC A’−m H−Ll
fl HL Lum¡M¢e, L¡lM¡e¡ N−s JW¡u Hl¡ A−e−LC −pph −L¡¢mu¡¢ll nË¢j−L
f¢lZa q−u−Rz Hl¡ A−e−LC üd−jÑl ¢euj-L¡e¤e, Bch-L¡uc¡ i¥−m −N−R --
−LE ¢MËØV¡e d−jÑl fË¢a BL¢oÑa q−u−R, Bh¡l −LE −LE de£ Dn¡e −j¡š²¡−ll
LjÑQ¡l£ c¤Me ¢pw−ql −ea«−aÆ EµQh−ZÑl ¢q¾c¥−cl Bch L¡uc¡ ¢e−S−cl S£h−e
¢e−u Bp−a h¡dÉ q−u−Rz

429
 dea−¿»l q¡a d−lC −p A’−ml B¢cj pwú«¢al h¡qL h¡¢Oe
L¡e¡l¡e£−L qaÉ¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ jd¤L¥¢f−a ehÉ ¢MËØV¡e fm¤n q¡mc¡−ll B¢hiÑ¡h
O−Vz üdjÑaÉ¡N£ fm¤n c¡öl Ù»£ j¤lm£l fË¢a BL«ø quz ¢pØV¡l ¢c¢cl pwØf−nÑ
Bp¡l fl ¢MËØV d−jÑ f¡W −eJu¡ j¤lm£lJ B¢ch¡p£ S£he, B¢ch¡p£ Bch-
L¡uc¡ Bl i¡−m¡ e¡ m¡N¡u c¡öl O−l cjhå qJu¡l j−a¡ f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a °a¢l quz
C¢aj−dÉ c¡öl p¿¹¡e a¡l N−iÑ B−pz −p c¡ö−L üdjÑ aÉ¡N Ll¡−e¡l BfË¡Z
−Qø¡ L−l -- c¡ö−L Lm-L¡lM¡e¡u L¡S −eJu¡l fl¡jnÑ −cu, ¢MËØV¡e q−a
h−mz ¢L¿¹¥ c¡ö −L¡−e¡¢LR¥−aC fË−m¡¢ia e¡ q−u ¢e−Sl üfÀ, ¢e−Sl djÑ ByL−s
d−l b¡−Lz ¢L¿¹¥ A−eL −Qø¡ L−lJ ¢e−Sl, Ù»£ j¤lm£l Hhw j¤lm£l N−iÑ b¡L¡
Ae¡Na ¢nö¢Vl SeÉ c¤'j¤−W¡ M¡cÉ pwNËq Ll−a f¡−l e¡z A−eL −Qø¡ Q¢lœ
L−lJ −p ¢QW¡ ¢m−M Dn¡e −j¡š²¡−ll −b−L S¢j pwNËq Ll−a f¡−l e¡z a¡l
A−eL p¡de¡l Lf¡mh¡h¡, −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s, S‰m, Xl¡¢e ec£J a¡−L
M¡¢m q¡−a O−l −gl¡uz −p NË¡−j f§−hÑl pjÙ¹ BQ¡l-Ae¤ù¡e, l£¢a-pwú«¢a, f§S¡-
f¡hÑe ¢g¢l−u Be¡l SeÉ BfË¡Z −Qø¡ L−l, S¡af−’l n¡peJ d−l l¡M−a Q¡u,
¢L¿¹¥ f¡−l e¡z −cM¡ k¡u −k, f¤−l¡−e¡ S¡af−’l j¡b¡ lae, f¤−l¡¢qa pe¡ae
m¡Cu¡ nË¢j−L f¢lZa q−u−R, Bl c¤Me ¢pwq f¤¢m−nl j¤¢¾p −Q±d¤l£¢S Hhw
Le−ØVhm l¡j¡C ¢c−N¡u¡−ll pq¡ua¡u ea¥e S¡af’ °a¢l L−l B¢ch¡p£
pwú«¢al ¢LR¥ ¢hou d−l l¡M−mJ EµQh−ZÑl ¢q¾c¥−cl pwú«¢a−L fË¢aù¡ Ll−a
E−W f−s −m−N−Rz c¡ö f¤¢m−nl j¤¾p£ −Q±d¤l£S£l −m¡i¡aÑ cª¢ø −b−LJ j¤lm£−L
lr¡ Ll−a f¡−l e¡z
g−m HL¢ce T¡mc¡l j−qn l¡M¡−ml −j−u j¤lm£ h¡−fl p−‰ c¡ö−L,
c¡öl pwp¡l−L, c¡öl pwú«¢a−a aÉ¡N L−l Ol R¡−sz I¢ceC fm¤−nl …¢m−a
L¡e¡l¡e£ j¡l¡ k¡uz c¡öl Ol −R−s j¤lm£ AhnÉ h¡−fl h¡¢s k¡u ¢e, −p ¢MËØV¡e
q−u −S¡q¡e¡ e¡j NËqZ L−l−R Hhw fm¤n q¡mc¡l−L ¢h−u L−l ea¥e S£he öl¦
L−l−Rz Hl B−N AhnÉ A−eL OVe¡ O−V −N−Rz C¢aj−dÉ h−el j−dÉ fm¤−nl
Ù»£ pL¡m£l p−‰ Hhw −p A’−ml c¤dÑoÑ X¡L¡a −N¡f£ −m¡q¡−ll p−‰ c¡öl
p¡r¡v q−u−Rz Hl¡ c¤'S−eC üdjÑ¢eù Hhw −pM¡eL¡l pwú«¢a ¢V¢L−u l¡M−a

430
EcÚNË£hz a¡C pL¡m£ j¤lm£−L qaÉ¡ L−l ay¡l ü¡j£ fm¤n−L üd−jÑ −gl¡−a Q¡uz
Bl −N¡f£ −m¡q¡−ll X¡L¡¢a Hhw qaÉ¡l mr −pC A’−ml p¤c¤ −M¡l jq¡Se,
¢WL¡c¡l, −n¡oL j¡¢mL −nËZ£z j¤lm£ Q−m k¡Ju¡l fl h−el L¡W-f¡a¡ Q¥¢ll
Afl¡−d ¢ae hR−ll SeÉ c¡öl Bh¡l −Sm quz −Sm −b−L −h¢l−u c¡ö −c−M
−k, −p A’−ml AhÙÛ¡l BlJ f¢lhaÑe O−V −N−R -- l¡Ù¹¡u L−ml N¡¢s Qm−a
öl¦ L−l−R, ü¡d£e i¡l−al fËbj p¡d¡lZ ¢ehÑ¡Q−el fËÙ¹¥¢aJ öl¦ q−u−Rz c¡ö
NË¡−j ¢gl−m jd¤L¥¢f−LJ Bl B−Nl AhÙÛ¡u f¡u e¡z −pM¡−e Dn¡e −j¡š²¡l J
c¤Me ¢pwq BlJ hs−m¡L q−u−Rz Hlj−dÉ Dn¡e −j¡š²¡−ll −R−m m¡mh¡h¤
−i¡−Vl fË¡bÑ£ q−u−Rz B¢ch¡p£−cl −LE −LE j¡l¡ −N−R, k¡l¡ −hy−Q B−R a¡−cl
−LE −LE H−cl Ad£ea¡ ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u−R, Bl A−e−LC −L¡¢mu¡¢l−a,
plL¡−ll −VØV ¢l¢m−g L¡S ¢e−u−Rz pe¡ae m¡Cu¡l VÊ¡ƒ−ll XÊ¡Ci¡l q−u−Rz
H¢c−L −S¡q¡e¡ Jl−g j¤lm£ fm¤n q¡mc¡l−L −R−s ¢MËØV¡e X¡š²¡l ¢lQ¡XÑ
plL¡l−L ¢h−u L−l−Rz H−r−œ ¢lQ¡−XÑl LÓ£haÆ −S¡q¡e¡ AbÑ¡v j¤lm£−L j¡e¢pL
¢cL −b−L ¢exü L−l ¢c−u−Rz AhnÉ H ¢h−ul B−N j¤lm£ c¡öl HL
f¤œp¿¹¡e−L SeÈ ¢c−u−Rz ¢pØV¡l ¢c¢c −pC ¢nö¢V−L −R¡V −b−LC ¢MËØV d−jÑl
fË¢a BNËq£ L−l −a¡m¡l SeÉ Ae¡b h¡¢s−a −l−M ¢c−u−Rz Hlj−dÉ c¡ö Ol¡¢j
j¡l¡aÈL L¥ù −l¡−N Bœ²¡¿¹ q−u−Rz fm¤−nl fË¡š²e Ù»£ pL¡m£ üdjÑ¢eù c¡ö−L
H AhÙÛ¡−aJ Bfe L−l ¢e−a −Q−u−R; ¢L¿¹¥ c¡ö l¡¢S qu ¢ez a¡l fË−Qø¡−aC
fm¤n-pL¡m£l f¤e¢jÑme q−u−R Hhw a¡l¡ ea¥e pwp¡−ll üfÀ ¢e−u AeÉœ f¡¢s
¢c−u−Rz Hl B−N AhnÉ fm¤n ¢MËød−jÑl Bch-L¡uc¡ a¡ÉN L−l üd−jÑ ¢g−l
H−p−Rz H¢c−L c¡öl Bu¤J L−j H−p−Rz jªaÉ¥l B−N ¢e−Sl p¿¹¡−el p−‰
¢j¢ma qJu¡C a¡l L¡−R −no CµR¡ h−m f¢lN¢Za q−u−Rz ¢e−Sl f¤œp¿¹¡−el
p−‰ c¡ö ¢j¢maJ q−u−R, a−h ¢pØV¡l¢c¢cl Lb¡ja üdjÑ aÉ¡N L−l ¢MËØV djÑ
NËqZ L−l AÉ¡p¡Cm¡−j i¢aÑ q−u ¢e−Sl −l¡−Nl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ Ll¡u ¢ez c¡öl
Xl¡¢el S−m BaÈ¢hpSÑ−el jdÉ ¢c−u HC EfeÉ¡p¢V −no q−u−Rz
"na¢Lu¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h KfeÉ¡¢pL p¤¤−h¡d −O¡o −R¡Ve¡Nf¤l
j¡mi¨¢jl j¡ei¨j Hm¡L¡l HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m−L NËqZ L−l−Rez EfeÉ¡−p

431
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¢elp¡Q¢V, h¡Oj¤¢™ −l”, l¡jNs j¤¢l, ly¡¢Q, f¡m−j± CaÉ¡¢c S¡uN¡l e¡j b¡L−mJ
Hl −h¢nli¡N OVe¡ jd¤L¥¢f NË¡j, Xl¡¢e ec£, −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s,
M¡e¡¢fe¡l S‰m, h¡h¤l h¡S¡l, q¡l¡eN” A’−m O−V−Rz a−h HM¡−e ph−b−L
−h¢n …l¦aÆ −f−u−R jd¤L¥¢f NË¡jz EfeÉ¡−pl öl¦−aC Bjl¡ HC NË¡−jl hZÑe¡
f¡C --
""Bl Lac§l?
Bl M¤h −h¢n c§l euz HC h¡h¤h¡S¡l −b−L f¤l−e¡ psL d−l ¢ae
−œ²¡n c¢r−Z Q−m −N−mC jd¤L¥¢f e¡−j −pC Ny¡, −k Ny¡−u c¡ö Ol¡¢jl HL¢V Ol
B−R Bl OlZ£J B−Rz
Ny¡−ul f¡−n Xl¡¢e e¡−j −pC −R¡V ec£¢VJ B−R, −k ec£−a °hn¡M
j¡−pJ qy¡V¥Sm b¡−Lz Bl, −pC f¡q¡s c¤¢VJ B−R ; −R¡VL¡m¤ J hsL¡m¤,
L¡c¡j¡M¡ −j¡−ol N¡−ul j−a¡ L¡−m¡-L¡−m¡ Bl −j−V-−j−V l−Pl c¤¢V −hy−V
BL¡−ll f¡q¡sz −h¡−n−Ml iu¡eL öL−e¡ c¤f¤−l kMe Xl¡¢el −pË¡−al
¢Le¡l¡−a −L¡e hLJ h−p b¡−L e¡, aMe HC c¤¢V f¡q¡−sl N¡−ul Efl R¡Nm
Q−l −hs¡u, L¢Q h−Vl f¡a¡ M¡uz Bl, nË¡h−Zl −n−o f¡q¡−sl N¡−u, Hje ¢L
j¡b¡l Ef−lJ f¡b−ll gy¡−L gy¡−L ph¤S O¡p kMe Oe q−u N¢S−u J−W, aMe
Ny¡−ul −l¡N¡-−l¡N¡ Nl¦l cm Ly¡L¥−l X¡P¡l L¥−n O¡p −R−s ¢c−u hlw −R¡VL¡m¤
Bl hsL¡m¤l −L¡−m h¤−L J j¡b¡u Q−s a¡S¡ O¡−pl −N¡R¡ −M−a
278
i¡−m¡h¡−pz''
Xl¡¢e ec£, −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s Bl M¡e¡¢fe¡l S‰m ¢e−uC N−s
E−W−R HC NË¡−jl fËL«¢az Hlfl EfeÉ¡p¢V ka H¢N−u−R, Bjl¡ HC jd¤L¥¢f
NË¡j J avpwmNÀ A’m…¢ml BlJ ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQu −f−u¢Rz Hph −b−LC
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HL¢V üa¿» SNv N−s E−W−Rz g−m Hl fVi¨¢jL¡u j§m
Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−uJ e¡e¡i¡−h ¢h¢µRæ b¡L¡ HL¢V A’m Hhw
−pM¡eL¡l fËL«¢a …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ NËqZ L−l−Rz

432
 hªqc¡uae "na¢Lu¡' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a j¤MÉ-−N±Z ¢j−m fËQ¥l Q¢l−œl pj¡−hn
O−V−Rz H−cl j−dÉ −h¢nli¡NC I A’−ml i¨¢jf¤œz HC Q¢lœ−cl j−dÉ
E−õM−k¡NÉ qm c¡ö Ol¡¢j, j¤lm£, fm¤n q¡mc¡l, pL¡¢m, ¢pØV¡l j¡c¢me, ¢ea¡C
j¤¢c, S¡af−’l h¤s¡ lae, pe¡ae m¡Cu¡, p¤¤−le j¡eÚ¢T, −N¡f£ −m¡q¡l, L¡m¤
c¡N£, q¢lfc, fÒVe£ ¢c¢c, h¡a¡p£, c¤Me ¢pw, Dn¡e −j¡š²¡l, X¡š²¡l ¢lQ¡XÑ
plL¡l, f¤¢m−nl j¤¢¾p −Q±d¤l£S£, Le−ØVhm l¡j¡C ¢c−N¡u¡l, ¢pf¡q£ AS¥Ñe ¢pw,
c¡−l¡N¡ j¤M¡‹Ñ£h¡h¤ fËj¤Mz HR¡s¡J j¡e−hal fË¡Z£ h¡¢Oe L¡e¡l¡e£, Ss fc¡bÑ
−R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s, Xl¡¢e ec£J EfeÉ¡p¢Vl Q¢lœ l©−f f¢lN¢Za quz
c¡ö Ol¡¢j ¢exp−¾c−q HC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uLz −p B¢ch¡p£−cl B¢cj ¢hnÄ¡p J
pwú¡l−L d−l l¡M¡l BfË¡Z −Qø¡ L−l−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl −nofkÑ¿¹, −p jªaÉ¥hlZ
Ll−mJ üdjÑQÉ¥a qu ¢ez c¡öl HC pwú¡−ll fËa£LC −ke, h¡¢Oe L¡e¡l¡e£z
279
c¡öl ¢hnÄ¡−p -- ""L¡e¡l¡e£ −a¡ h¡¢Oe eu; hej¡a¡ h−Vz'' a¡C −cM¡ k¡u
−k, karZ j¤lm£ c¡öl O−l ¢Rm aarZ fkÑ¿¹ L¡e¡l¡e£ S£¢ha −b−L ph¢LR¥
BN−m −l−M¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ j¤lm£l c¡ö−L aÉ¡N ab¡ NªqaÉ¡−Nl f−lC ehÉ ¢MËØV¡e
fm¤n q¡mc¡−ll …¢m−a HLQr¥ L¡e¡l¡e£ j¡l¡ −N−Rz e¡uL c¡öl Hhw AeÉ¡eÉ
B¢ch¡p£ j¡e¤o…¢ml ¢hnÄ¡−p ph pju AcªnÉi¡−h "Lf¡mh¡h¡' −b−L −N−Rz g−m
B¢ch¡p£−cl HC −cha¡¢VJ EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉaj …laÆf§ZÑ Q¢lœ q−u E−W−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡¢uL¡ j¤lm£ q−mJ f−l ¢MËØV¡e −S¡q¡e¡u l©f¡¿¹¢la qJu¡ j¤lm£l
−Q−u pL¡¢m A−eL −h¢n B¢cja¡l a¡vfkÑ ¢e−u q¡¢Sl q−u−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n
X¡L¡a q−mJ −N¡f£ −m¡q¡−ll j−dÉ B¢cj pwú«¢al fË¢a Bm¡c¡ V¡e mr Ll¡
k¡uz L¡lZ a¡l X¡L¡¢a ab¡ Bœ²j−Zl mrhÙ¹¥ phpju p¤¤c−M¡l jq¡Se, −n¡oL
j¡¢mL h¡ nË¢jL WL¡−e¡ ¢WL¡c¡lC q−u−Rz −p c¡öl j−dÉ B¢cj pwú¡−ll fË¢a
i¡−m¡h¡p¡, S¢jSj¡l fË¢a V¡e −c−M ¢exü¡bÑ p¡q¡kÉ¡−bÑ H¢N−u H−p−R, Hje¢L
¢e−S dl¡ f−s gy¡¢pl p¡S¡ −f−mJ HL p¡N−lc j¡lgv c¡ö−L V¡L¡ f¡¢W−u
¢c−u−Rz a−h HV¡ ¢WL −k −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s, Xl¡¢e ec£ J Lf¡mh¡h¡l
S‰m−L ¢e−u −ki¡−h jd¤L¥¢f NË¡j¢V HC EfeÉ¡−p EfÙÛ¡¢fa q−u−R, a¡−a
ph¢LR¥−L R¡¢s−u HC NË¡j¢VC EfeÉ¡−pl fËd¡e Q¢lœ q−u E−W−Rz HC NË¡j¢Vl

433
p¡bÑL fË¢a¢e¢d c¡ö Ol¡¢jz KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡−L −k f¤−l¡f¤¢l B’¢mL Q¢lœ ¢q−p−h
N−s a¥−m−Re, a¡ pj¡−m¡Q−Ll¡J ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u−Re -- ""j¡ei¨−jl i¨-fËL«¢a
J dÉ¡ed¡lZ¡ HM¡−e l©f −f−u−Rz . . . Lf¡mh¡h¡l S‰m, −R¡V L¡m¤ J hs L¡m¤
f¡q¡s, Xl¡e£ ec£, jd¤L¥¢fl BL¡n h¡a¡p, h¡¢Oe£ L¡e¡l¡e£ -- ph ¢LR¥ c¡öl
S£h−e flj AbÑhq q−u E−W−Rz pjNË EfeÉ¡p B¢cj BlZÉL N−å
280
ilf¤lz'' c¡ö Ol¡¢j R¡s¡J f¤¢m−nl c¡−l¡N¡ j¤M¡‹Ñ£h¡h¤, ¢pØV¡l ¢c¢c
j¡c¢me, X¡š²¡l ¢lQ¡XÑ plL¡−ll ja ehÉ ¢MËØV¡e J ¢n¢ra L−uLSe−L h¡c
¢c−m HC EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ Q¢lœ Hje¢L Dn¡e −j¡š²¡l, c¤Me ¢pw−ql ja
−n¡o−Ll¡J B’¢mL Q¢lœ ¢q−p−h f¢lN¢Za quz
HC EfeÉ¡−p KfeÉ¡¢pL B’¢mL fVi¨¢j Hhw B’¢mL Q¢lœ pª¢øl
f¡n¡f¡¢n I A’−ml j¡e¤o−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡l R¢hJ Hy−L−Rez H−cl ¢e¢cÑø
−L¡−e¡ −fn¡ −eCz a¡C KfeÉ¡¢pL c¡ö J a¡l f§hÑf¤l¦o−cl pÇf−LÑ h−m−Re --
""S¡−al −fn¡ e¡−j dl¡hy¡d¡ −L¡e −fn¡ −eCz O−ll Q¡m¡ −R−u c¤ fup¡
−l¡SN¡l Ll−a fË¢a hR−ll c¤¢V j¡p −N¡¢h¾cf¤l −ka c¡ö; c¡ö a¡C c¡ö
281
Ol¡¢jz c¡öl h¡h¡ ¢Rm L¡W¥¢lu¡, h¡h¡l h¡h¡ j¡¢Vu¡mz'' AhnÉ EfeÉ¡−p
jd¤L¥¢f−L SejS¥−ll Ny¡ ¢q−p−h −cM¡−e¡ q−u−R -- ""jd¤L¥¢f SejS¥−ll Ny¡, −k
Ny¡−ul j¡e¤−ol¡ ph¡C j¢eoz f−ll j¡¢V L¡−V, f−ll S¢j Q−o, f−ll −N¡-N¡¢s
282
qy¡L¡u, f−ll O−ll Q¡m¡ R¡u Bl f−ll f¡m¢L−a −hq¡l¡ M¡−Vz'' Hl¡
S‰m−LJ fl i¡−h e¡; S£he-S£¢hL¡l fË−u¡S−e A−eL pju S‰−ml Ef−lJ
¢eiÑln£m q−u f−s -- −pM¡e −b−L ma¡-f¡a¡, L¡W pwNËq L−l −pph ¢h¢œ² L−l
AæpwÙÛ¡−el hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l, heÉ gmj§m M¡u, fö ¢nL¡l L−l ¢e−u B−pz h−e
L¡W h¡ ma¡-f¡a¡ L¡V¡l AÙ» ¢qp−h Hl¡ V¡¢‰ h¡ L¡V¡¢l hÉhq¡l L−lz ¢nL¡−ll
pj−u H…¢ml f¡n¡f¡¢n a£l-de¤LJ hÉhq¡l L−lz V¡¢‰ H−cl L¡−R fË¡u phpju
b¡−Lz a−h S‰−ml −Q−uJ Hl¡ S¢j−L −h¢n i¡−m¡h¡−p -- ""S‰m−L H−Lh¡−l
fl i¡−h e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ −r−al j¡¢V−L −h¢n i¡−m¡h¡−p; Ly¡s V¡¢‰ −R−s −cu ¢e,
¢L¿¹¥ m¡‰m −L¡c¡m q¡−a a¥−m ¢e−u−Rz LjÑW i¨¢jS S£h−el −R¡– HL¢V

434
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Ef¢e−hn HC jd¤L¥¢fz'' a¡C −cM¡ k¡u −k, c¡ö Ol¡¢j HL V¥L−l¡ S¢jl
SeÉ phÑc¡ EcÚNË£h −b−L−R -- −cs ¢hO¡ S¢j lr¡l SeÉ l¡uh¡h¤l plL¡−ll
Nm¡u V¡¢‰l −L¡f −j−l fy¡Q hR−ll SeÉ −S−m −N−R, Dn¡e −j¡š²¡−ll L¡−R
¢QW¡ ¢c−u S¢j −Q−u−R, −i¡−Vl fl S¢jl j¡¢mL¡e¡ f¡−h −i−h Bn¡¢eÄa q−u−Rz
−nofkÑ¿¹ c¡öl üfÀ −kje pgm qu ¢e, −aj¢e jd¤L¥¢fJ ¢eRL SejS¥−ll Ny¡
b¡−L ¢ez H Ny¡−ul fË¡u pjÙ¹ S¢jSj¡l j¡¢mL q−u−R Dn¡e −j¡š²¡l J a¡l
−R−ml¡; ¢LR¥ S¢jl i¡N c¤Me ¢pwqJ −f−u−Rz Bl k¡l¡ HLL¡−m j¤¢eo ¢Rm
a¡−cl ÙÛ¡e q−u−R ¢h¢iæ −L¡¢mu¡¢ll Lum¡M¡−c Abh¡ −VØV ¢l¢m−gl j¡¢V
L¡V¡l L¡−Sz pe¡ae m¡Cu¡l ja −LE −LE AhnÉ VÊ¡ƒ−ll XÊ¡Ci¡¢l h¡ AeÉ
−L¡−e¡ k¿»¢eiÑl L¡−Sl p−‰ k¤š² q−u k−¿»l −N¡m¡j q−u −N−Rz HR¡s¡J HC
EfeÉ¡−p L−ml ¢jÙ»£ (fm¤n q¡mc¡l), −j¡š²¡l (Dn¡e −j¡š²¡l), f¤¢mn (−Q±d¤l£S£
h¡ l¡j¡C ¢c−N¡u¡l), X¡š²¡l (¢lQ¡XÑ plL¡l)-Hl j−a¡ AeÉ¡eÉ hª¢š J −fn¡l
−m¡LS−el p¡r¡v f¡Ju¡ k¡uz
HC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl B¢ch¡p£ j¡e¤o…¢ml l£¢a-e£¢a, ¢hnÄ¡p-
pwú¡l, I¢aqÉ-−m±¢LLa¡, djÑ-LjÑ, f§S¡-f¡hÑZ, BQ¡l-Ae¤ù¡−el h¡Ù¹h R¢h
−kje B−R, −aj¢e f¢lh¢aÑa f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a Hp−hl Efl piÉpj¡−Sl BNË¡p−el
R¢hJ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz a−h B¢ch¡p£ pÇfËc¡−ul c¡ö Ol¡¢j J a¡l ¢hnÄ¡p HC
EfeÉ¡−pl j§mz −p j¡ei¨−jl I¢aqÉ d−l l¡M¡l BfË¡Z −Qø¡ L−l−Rz h¡¢Oe
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h−m j−e q−u−R -- ""L¡e¡l¡e£ eu; −a¡l ¢pØV¡l ¢c¢cC j¡e¤oM¡N£ h¡¢Oe
284
h−Vz'' EfeÉ¡−pl −no¢c−L ¢pØV¡l ¢c¢cl E−Ÿ−nÉ c¡ö−L HL Qlj fËnÀ
Ll−a −cM¡ k¡u -- ""−a¡j¡l h¢qe−L a¥¢j HV¡ −Lje p¤¤M ¢c−m ¢c¢c? . . .
−f−Vl −RCm¡−L −L¡−m ¢e−a f¡l−m e¡ −k, −p j¡e¤o −Lje p¤¤−Ml j¡e¤o
285
h−V?'' HM¡−e öd¤ c¡öl −r¡i fËL¡n q−u−R Hje eu, HM¡−e üdjÑ¢eù
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435
hs−m¡L q−u JW¡ c¤Me h¡h¤−LJ B¢ch¡p£−cl djÑQÉ¥a Ll¡l fË−Qø¡u ¢e−u¡¢Sa
q−a −cM¡ k¡uz HSeÉ −p B¢ch¡p£−cl S¡af’ −i−P ea¥e S¡af’ °a¢l
Ll−a E−cÉ¡N£ q−u−Rz HSeÉ −p ¢LR¥ ea¥e ¢euj-L¡e¤eJ −hy−d ¢c−u−R --
""Ly¥Ls¡ M¡−h e¡, Ly¥Ls¡ h¢m ¢c−h e¡, Ll−j O−ll −h¢V h¢qe hý¢l e¡Q−h e¡;
Bl −h¢V h¢q−el ¢hu¡l hup h¡−l¡ hR−ll −h¢n¢V q−h e¡z Bl . . . heQä£l
286
f§S¡J Ll−a q−hz'' fË¡b¢jL AhÙÛ¡u c¡ö Hl ¢h−l¡¢da¡ L−l¢Rmz AhnÉ
B¢ch¡p£ pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤o−cl ¢MËØV¡e h¡ AeÉ −L¡−e¡ ja¡c−nÑ c£¢ra qJu¡
−b−L c¡ö BVL¡−a f¡−l ¢ez a¡C −cM¡ k¡u a¡−cl HLpj−ul S¡af’ lae
p¡d¡lZ nË¢j−Ll fkÑ¡−u −e−j H−p−R, a¡−cl m¡Cu¡l AbÑ¡v f¤−l¡¢qa pe¡ae
VÊ¡ƒ−ll XÊ¡Ci¡¢ll L¡S ¢e−u−Rz
HCph BNË¡pe R¡s¡J B¢ch¡p£ pwú«¢al A−eL R¢hC HC EfeÉ¡−p
B−Rz a¡C pj¡−m¡QL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""j¡ei¨−jl
B¢ch¡p£−cl S£hek¡œ¡, BQ¡l-hÉhq¡l, −m±¢LL pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p-j¡e¢pLa¡l
B−mMÉ "na¢Lu¡'z B’¢mL S£hek¡œ¡ J ¢hnÄ¡−pl fË¢a¢e¢d c¡ö Ol¡¢jz . . .
a¡l f¡¢lf¡¢nÄÑL S£hek¡œ¡, f¢lh¢aÑa pju−pË¡a, B¢cj pwú«¢a J S£he−h¡−dl
287
pÇf¨ZÑ R¢h "na¢Lu¡'z'' HC B¢ch¡p£−cl S£h−el p−‰ B−øfª−ø S¢s−u
B−R "Lf¡mh¡h¡'z H−cl ¢hnÄ¡p −k, a¡−cl S£h−el ph¢LR¥C ¢eu¢¿»a qu
"Lf¡mh¡h¡'l CµR¡uz −R¡VL¡m¤-hsL¡m¤ f¡q¡s, S‰−m Lf¡mh¡h¡l AhÙÛ¡e q−mJ
jd¤L¥¢f−a "S¡¢ql b¡e' qm Lf¡mh¡h¡l BÙ¹¡e¡z −pM¡−e B¢ch¡p£l¡ ay¡−L p¿¹¥ø
Ll¡l SeÉ −j¡lN h¢m −cu, −pM¡eL¡l −hmN¡−Rl f¡a¡ ¢Q¢h−u ¢e−S−cl −l¡N
p¡l¡u -- "". . . jd¤L¥¢fl j−e HLV¡ AqwL¡lJ B−R −k, Ny¡−ul −L¡e j¡e¤o
BS fkÑ¿¹ −N¡¢h¾cf¤l q¡pf¡a¡−ml Jo¤d j¤−M −cu ¢ez Lf¡mh¡h¡l −pC
−hmN¡−Rl f¡a¡C k−bø, jd¤L¥¢fl ph −l¡−Nl Jo¤d, ph i−ul LhQ Bl ph
288
j¡e−al BnÄ¡pz'' H−cl ¢hnÄ¡p −L¡−e¡ L¡l−Z "Lf¡mh¡h¡' Ap¿¹¥ø q−m Bl
l−r b¡−L e¡ -- ""−pC pju iu¡eL l¡N L−l¢Rm Lf¡mh¡h¡z Bl, HL j¡−pl
j−dÉ jd¤L¥¢fl f’¡−nl −h¢n j¡e¤−ol fË¡Z L−ml¡u −no q−u −Nmz −R−m h¤−s¡

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−S¡u¡e, j¡¢N Bl jlc, ph m¡n JC Xl¡¢el S−m −g−m ¢c−a q−u¢Rmz ¢LR¥
−i−p −N¢Rm, ¢LR¥ −nu¡−m −M−u¢Rm, My¥S−m −h¡dqu Xl¡¢el h¡m¤l −L¡e N−aÑ
289
BSJ c¤-HLV¡ M¤¢m f¡Ju¡ k¡−hz'' "Lf¡mh¡h¡' H−cl S£h−e HaV¡C
A¢eh¡kÑ fËi¡h −g−m −k, djÑ f¢lhaÑe Ll−mJ H−cl Ah−Qa−e ay¡l A¢Ù¹aÆ
−b−L k¡uz a¡C ¢MËØV¡e fm¤n q¡mc¡l J −S¡q¡e¡u l©f¡¿¹¢la qJu¡ j¤lm£J
Ah−Qa−e ay¡l e¡j ØjlZ L−lz
"Lf¡mh¡h¡' R¡s¡J B¢ch¡p£−cl ¢pe−h¡P¡, S¡¢ql h¤l¦, L¥cl¡l ja −hn
¢LR¥ "−h¡P¡' AbÑ¡v −cha¡l E−õM HC EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz c¡öl Øj«¢a−a
B¢ch¡p£−cl "Llj' Evp−hl Be¾cj¤Ml ¢ce…¢ml Lb¡J h¡lh¡l O¤−l ¢g−l
H−p−Rz AhnÉ EfeÉ¡−pl −no fkÑ¿¹ B¢ch¡p£−cl HC pwú«¢a ¢V−L b¡−L ¢e --
EµQh−ZÑl ¢q¾c¥ djÑ Hhw ¢MËØV¡e djÑ fË¡u phV¡−LC NË¡p L−l −g−m−Rz HC
EfeÉ¡−p B¢ch¡p£−cl ¢h−u−a L−eÉfZ −cJu¡l E−õM B−R -- HL¡æ V¡L¡
LeÉ¡f−Z c¡ö Ol¡¢j T¡mc¡l j−qn l¡M¡−ml −j−u j¤lm£−L ¢h−u L−l¢Rmz AhnÉ
−p ¢h−u c£OÑÙÛ¡u£ qu ¢e -- ¢LR¥V¡ c¡öl fË¢a h£anËÜ q−u, Bl ¢LR¥V¡ piÉ
SN−al BLoÑ−Z j¤lm£ ¢h−u −i−P ¢c−u−Rz HC p§−œ B¢ch¡p£−cl ¢h−u i¡P¡l
¢hou¢VJ EfeÉ¡−p H−p−Rz a¡C j¤lm£l c¡ö−L −R−s k¡h¡l pju pe¡ae m¡Cu¡
290
−Q¢Q−u h−m -- ""a−h HM¢e ¢pyc¤l j¡¢V Ll¦L j−qn l¡M¡−ml −h¢Vz''
S¡af−’l h¤s¡ lae c¡ö−L f¡af¡¢e ¢Q−l −gm−a h−m, Nl¦Ql¡¢e −j−u…¢m
j¤lm£l q¡−al h¡m¡ −i−P −cJu¡l Lb¡ h−mz KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""m¡m
N¡m¡l h¡m¡ B−R −k q¡−a, −pC q¡aV¡ c¡öl −Q¡−Ml p¡j−e H¢N−u ¢c−u −aj¢e
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¢c−u j¤lm£l q¡−al h¡m¡ −i−P c¤ V¥L−l¡ L−l −cu c¡öz j¤lm£J −pC j¤q¨−aÑ
−pC q¡a e¡¢j−u Bl ¢Qj¢V ¢c−u j¡¢Vl d¤−m¡ a¥−m ¢e−u ¢py¢bl ¢pyc§−ll Efl
O−o −cuz Bl, hs h¤s¡ lae HLV¡ f¡L¥sf¡a¡l Efl HL O¢V Sm −Y−m
291
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¢c−mC a¡−cC ¢h−µRc q−u k¡uz ¢MËØV¡e −S¡q¡e¡u l©f¡¿¹¢la qJu¡ j¤lm£l fËb−j

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"L−ml ¢jÙ»£' fm¤n q¡mc¡l−L Hhw f−l X¡š²¡l ¢lQ¡XÑ plL¡l−L ¢h−u Ll¡l
jdÉ ¢c−u HC EfeÉ¡−p ehÉ ¢MËØV¡e−cl ¢h−ul l£¢al f¢lQuJ B−Rz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡ei¨j A’−ml A¢dh¡p£−cl M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p J
M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡Lf¢lµRc, h¡pNªq fËi«¢al f¢lQuJ ¢c−u−Rez jL¡C AbÑ¡v
i¥–¡ −pÜ h¡ R¡a¥ HC A’−ml N¢lh B¢ch¡p£−cl fËd¡e M¡cÉ h−m ¢h−h¢Qa
quz Hl f¡n¡f¡¢n i¡a M¡Ju¡l QmJ a¡−cl j−dÉ B−Rz HR¡s¡J V¡¢‰ Abh¡
a£l-de¤L ¢e−u S‰−m fö¢nL¡l L−l a¡l j¡wpJ Hl¡ M¡uz f¡e£−ul j−dÉ
jýu¡l jc hÉ¡fL fËQme −cM−a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz "Llj' Evph Efm−r
B¢ch¡p£−cl BL˜ "qy¡¢su¡' f¡e Ll¡l Lb¡J hm¡ q−u−Rz −f¡n¡L-f¢lµR−cl
hÉ¡f¡−l HC B¢ch¡p£−cl −aje −n±¢Mea¡ ¢Rm e¡z HL¢V d§¢al ja L¡fs
f¤l¦o−cl m‹¡ ¢eh¡lZ Ll¡l SeÉ k−bøz Bl e¡l£l¡ nl£−l HLV¡ N¡jR¡
S¢s−u Bc¤s N¡−u b¡L−a AiÉÙ¹z a¡C −Sm −glv c¡ö j¤lm£−L p¡u¡-n¡¢s
f¢l¢qa AhÙÛ¡u −c−M −kje Ah¡L q−u −N−R, −aj¢e fËQ™ −l−NJ −N−R --
""ph−Q−u −h¢n hc−m ¢N−u−R c¡ö Ol¡¢jl OlZ£ j¤lm£z . . . L£ iu¡eL
BÕQ−kÑl ¢S¢ep −pC j¤lm£l HC −Qq¡l¡! c¡ö Ol¡¢jl −Q¡−Ml gÉ¡mgÉ¡m ¢hØju
B−Ù¹ B−Ù¹ LVLV L−l SÆm−a b¡−Lz −Qy¢Q−u J−W c¡ö -- −hy−Q B¢Rp
292
j¤lm£?'' AhnÉ pju f¢lhaÑ−el p−‰ p−‰ HC A’−ml j¡e¤o…¢m −f¡n¡L-
f¢lµR−cl f¢lhaÑe q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl h¡pNª−ql f¢lQu ¢c−a
¢N−u KfeÉ¡¢pL A−eLh¡l c¡öl h¡¢sl Lb¡ h−m−Re -- ""c¡ö Ol¡¢jl Olz −pC
fy¡Q q¡a EyQ¥ j¡¢Vl −cu¡m, M¡fl¡l Q¡m¡, Bl f¤l−e¡ S¡jL¡−Wl HLV¡
293
clS¡z'' HV¡ jd¤L¥¢fl A¢dL¡wn B¢ch¡p£l h¡pNª−ql h¡Ù¹h AhÙÛ¡z HCi¡−h
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a Nªq£a A’m¢Vl A¢dh¡p£−cl S£heQkÑ¡l f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u
KfeÉ¡¢pL a¡−cl M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p J M¡cÉa¡¢mL¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNª−ql HLV¡
B’¢mL l©f−L a¥−m H−e−Rez
Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n HC EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a A’m¢Vl B’¢mL i¡o¡l©−fl
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−pM¡eL¡l i¨¢jf¤œ−cl Lb¡-h¡aÑ¡u h¡lh¡l B’¢mL i¡o¡l£¢al fË−u¡N mr Ll¡
k¡uz H−r−œ j¡eÉQ¢ma h¡wm¡−aJ ¢a¢e fËQ¥l B’¢mL në−L Y¥¢L−u ¢c−u−Rez
−kje -- ¢QW¡, −L¡gÑ¡, Nl¢”, L¡e¡¢m, Ty¡S¢m Bl L¡¢mn, py¡S¡, ¢nu¡mN£l,
O¡¢pe, p¡¢mu¡e¡, e¡Cql e¡C, nöl¡l e¡C, Tl¡¢e, py¥−cl, °fyR¡ fËi«¢az ¢LR¥
B¢ch¡p£ N¡−el f¢lQuJ HC EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl i¡o¡l£¢al HC pjÙ¹
¢c−L mr L−l AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""EfeÉ¡p¢Vl pwm¡f
J Q¢lœ−cl S£he-B−m¡Qe¡u HC A’−ml B¢cj −N¡ù£l h¡NÚl£¢a Eq¡l
294
¢Qœma¡ J hÉ”e¡djÑ mCu¡ QjvL¡li¡−h fËk¤š² qCu¡−Rz'' p¤¤al¡w
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a i¡o¡Na ¢cL −b−LJ B’¢mLa¡l djÑ j¡e¡ q−u−Rz
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HM¡−e HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ mrZ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz a¡C
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fËL«¢a Hhw −pM¡eL¡l B¢ch¡p£−cl S£heQkÑ¡l h¡Ù¹hpÇja i¡−h E−W Bp¡
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B’¢mLa¡l mrZk¤š² EfeÉ¡p h−mC r¡¿¹ b¡Lhz
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j¡e¢pL AhÙÛ¡−L ¢Q¢œa L−l−Rez HSeÉ EfeÉ¡p¢V B¾c¡j¡−el L¡l¡N¡−l
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J fË¢a−hn¢Q−œl fËnwp¡ L−l−Re -- ""AhnÉ Cq¡ ¢WL B’¢mL fkÑ¡−u f−s e¡;
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295
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c§lÙÛ¡e, B’¢mLa¡l mrZk¤š² EfeÉ¡−pl B−m¡Qe¡−aJ −gm¡ k¡u e¡z
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296
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HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−uJ e¡e¡i¡−h
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j§m Sepj¡S −b−L ¢h¢µRæ QlL¡−n−jl fËL«¢a, −i±−N¡¢mL AhÙÛ¡e −b−L öl¦
L−l −pM¡−e ¢N−u q¡¢Sl qJu¡ j¡e¤o…¢ml S£heQkÑ¡−L KfeÉ¡¢pL a¥−m
H−e−Rez HC j¡e¤o…¢ml j−dÉ −h¢nli¡N qm j¤pmj¡e, ¢LR¥ ¢q¾c¥J B−Rz a−h
c¡‰¡l fVi¨¢jL¡u EfeÉ¡p¢V −mM¡ q−mJ HM¡−e ¢q¾c¥-j¤pm¡j¡−el j−dÉ pq¡hÙÛ¡e
O¢V−u KfeÉ¡¢pL ay¡l Ap¡ÇfËc¡¢uL j−e¡i¡−hl R¡f −l−M−Rez −fn¡l ¢cL −b−L
Hl¡ N¢lh Q¡¢o, −rajS¥l, −S−mz c¤C-HL Ol de£ L«oL Hhw −fn¡c¡l −Q¡−ll
E−õMJ HM¡−e B−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL H−cl pL−ml BQ¡l-BQlZ, l£¢a-e£¢a,
¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, −m¡LLb¡-−m¡pwú«¢a, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNªq, i¡o¡-
pwm¡f−L a¥−m Be¡l −Qø¡ L−l−Rez g−m EfeÉ¡p¢V HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl ¢c−L A−eLV¡C H¢N−u −N−Rz ¢L¿¹¥ KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢e−S L¢jE¢eø
ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ qJu¡u −k±b ¢hÒf−hl pjbÑL ¢R−mez HC EfeÉ¡−pJ ay¡l −pC
l¡S°e¢aL ja¡c−nÑl fËi¡h f−s−Rz HSeÉ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −no¢c−L Ql¢V−L −L¾cÊ
L−l HC j¡e¤o…¢m B−¾c¡m−e −e−j−R -- KfeÉ¡¢pL h¤i¥r¥ Q¡¢o−cl −nÔ¡N¡e-j¤Ml
¢j¢R−m p¡¢jm L−l−Rez g−m EfeÉ¡−pl f¢lZ¢a−a ¢nÒfNa ¢cL −b−L hs
lLj ¢hfkÑu O−V EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mLa¡l mrZ −b−L A−eLV¡C c§−l −W−m
¢c−u−Rz g−m −no fkÑ¿¹ "QlL¡−nj' −mM−Ll l¡S°e¢aL ja¡cnÑ fËQ¡−ll
q¡¢au¡−l f¢lZa q−u−Rz
n¢š²fc l¡S…l¦l "ah¤ ¢hq‰' EfeÉ¡p¢V 1960 ¢MËØV¡−ë fËL¡¢na quz
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V f¢ÕQj l¡−tl hei¨¢jl fË¡−¿¹ Ah¢ÙÛa Fol fË¡¿¹−l N−s JW¡
−N¡f¡mf¤l e¡−j HL Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢h−ll fVi¨¢jL¡u l¢Qaz KfeÉ¡¢pL I Eà¡Ù¹¥
¢n¢h−ll HL Lj¡ÑdÉ−rl fkÑ−hr−Zl j¡dÉ−j I −pM¡−e q¡¢Sl qJu¡ j¡e¤oSe J
a¡−cl L¡SL−jÑl ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ f¡W−Ll p¡j−e a¥−m d−l−Rez HC Eà¡Ù¹¥
¢n¢h−ll jl¡ X¡−m AhÙÛ¡l ¢hfkÑ−u f−s La A’−ml La "¢hq‰'-Hl ja
H−p BnËu ¢e−u−Rz H−cl j−dÉ B−R j¤l¡¢l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ J a¡l −j−u −n¡i¡,
EµQh−ZÑl hË¡þZ L¢fm J a¡l f¢lh¡−ll −m¡LSe, p¤¤l¢nÒf£ p¤¤−ln J a¡l −j−u
445
N£aL¥nm¡ L¢Q, ¢S−ae X¡š²¡l, EeÈ¡¢ce£ ¢h¾c£, °ü¢lZ£ Ljm, eVhl, ¢eL¥”,
h¡p¿¹£ fËj¤Mz H−cl j−dÉ j¤l¡¢l p¤¤−k¡Npå¡e£z c¤hÑm−L Evf£se, Apq¡−ul e¡−j
L¥vp¡ lVe¡, Ap−¿¹¡−ol −dy¡u¡u g¥ ¢c−u B…e SÆ¡m¡−e¡l ja c¤hÑ«−šl L¡S…¢m
−p L−l b¡−Lz −p ¢e−Sl −j−ul pa£−aÆl ¢h¢ej−u S£h−el p¤¤M-ü¡µR¾cÉ My¥−S
¢e−a Q¡uz a¡l I −j−uC kMe ApqÉ c¤x−M BaÈqaÉ¡ L−l, aMe −pC
BaÈqaÉ¡l c¡u j¤l¡¢l LÒfe¡a£a ¢emÑ‹a¡l p−‰ Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢h−ll ¢h−l¡d£f−rl
O¡−s Q¡f¡uz H¢c−L EµQh−ZÑl hË¡þZ L¢f−ml ¢ec¡l¦Z A¢i‘a¡l jdÉ ¢c−u
KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡eh S£h−el Bl HL¢V l©f−L HC EfeÉ¡−p EcÚO¡Ve L−l−Rez
a¡l nËj¢hj¤Ma¡ Hhw Ef¡SÑ−e Arja¡l SeÉ ¢e−Sl f¢lh¡−lC a¡l j§mÉ L−j
−N−Rz −cM¡ k¡u −k, a¡lC Afc¡bÑa¡u HLpju a¡l üNË¡jh¡p£ J Hk¡hvL¡m
a¡l fË¢a nËÜ¡fl¡uZ HL ejn§â k¤hL pj¡S−ea«−aÆl f−c Bp£e q−u−Rz g−m
ea¥e f¢l−h−n hZÑ−nËù hË¡þ−Zl jkÑ¡c¡ ØM¢ma q−u−Rz BlJ BÕQ−kÑl ¢hou −k,
HLpju −cM¡ k¡u a¡l Ù»£ J −R−m¢f−m a¡−L HLh¡−LÉ hSÑe L−l ¢Ql−f¡¢oa
hË¡þZ-pwú¡l−L ¢hpSÑe ¢c−u ¢ejÀh−ZÑl HL de£ hÉhp¡u£l f¢lh¡−ll A¿¹i¥Ñš²
q−u−Rz p¤¤l¢nÒf£ p¤¤−ln J a¡l −j−u L¢Q, BaÈNÔ¡¢e−a r£æ ¢S−ae X¡š²¡l,
−L¡−ml −R−m q¡¢l−u EeÈ¡¢ce£ ¢h¾c£, p¿¹¡e-−pÀq¡a¥l¡ °ü¢lZ£ Ljm, AhÙÛ¡l
Eæu−e cªtfË¢a‘ eVhl fËj¤M−cl jdÉ ¢c−u KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡eh fËhª¢šl e¡e¡ ¢cL
HC EfeÉ¡−p EcÚO¡Ve L−l−Rez a−h ph¢LR¥C H−p−R EfeÉ¡−p Nªq£a Eà¡Ù¹¥
¢n¢hl¢Vl p£j¡-pwq¢al j−dÉz a¡C HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ B−m¡Qe¡L¡−m
AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u−L hm−a −n¡e¡ k¡u -- ""j¡ehQ¢l−œl ¢L ¢h¢Qœ
l©f, i¡−m¡-j−¾cl ¢L Aá¥a pw¢jnËZ, ¢akÑL j−e¡¢hL¡−ll ¢L ØjlZ£u −lM¡¢QœC
e¡ HC Eà¡Ù¹¥ f¢lh¡l…¢ml pj¢øNa, pwL£ZÑ S£hef¢l¢dl j−dÉ Ec¡q©a q−u−Rz
−mML fËL«a S£he¢nÒf£l A¿¹Ñcª¢øl p¢qa Cq¡−cl h¢qSÑ£h−el ¢h−r¡i−L −N±Z
ÙÛ¡e ¢cu¡ Eq¡−cl f¡lØf¢lL pÇf−LÑl O¡a-fË¢aO¡a−LC fË¡d¡eÉ ¢cu¡−Re J
300
Cq¡lC j¡dÉ−j ¢h¢iæ hÉ¢š²l N§t Q¢lœ-lqpÉ¢V hÉš² L¢lu¡−Rez''
k¡C −q¡L, HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a f¢ÕQj l¡−tl hei¨¢jl fË¡¿¹−c−n Ah¢ÙÛa
−N¡f¡mf¤−ll Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢hl¢Vl j¡dÉ−j HL¢V B’¢mL fË¢a−hn pª¢øl −Qø¡ B−Rz
446
KfeÉ¡¢pL −pC Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢h−ll LjÑ¡dÉ−rl j¡dÉ−j EfeÉ¡p¢Vl OVe¡h¢m−L a¥−m
d−l −pM¡eL¡l My¥¢Ve¡¢V ¢hhlZ−L fËL¡n L−l−Rez g−m HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m Hhw
−pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el S£heQkÑ¡ HC EfeÉ¡−p AaÉ¿¹ …l¦−aÆl p−‰ f¢l−h¢na
q−u−Rz a¡C h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl B’¢mLa¡l B−m¡Qe¡u HC EfeÉ¡p¢V ÙÛ¡e f¡uz
a−h n¢š²fc l¡S…l¦l "ah¤ ¢hq‰' EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p hm¡ k¡u
e¡z L¡lZ HM¡−e j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−uJ e¡e¡ ¢cL −b−L ¢h¢µRæ
q−u b¡L¡ HL¢V A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l S£he¢Q−œl p¡¢hÑL f¢lQ−ul ¢hhlZ
b¡L−mJ j¡e¤o…¢m −LE-C I A’m −b−L E−W B−p ¢ez ph¡C ¢iæ ¢iæ ÙÛ¡e
−b−L ph¢LR¥ q¡¢l−u HLV¥ j¡b¡ −Ny¡S¡l SeÉ −pC Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢h−l H−p q¡¢Sl
q−u−Rz H−cl fË¡u fË−aÉ−LlC l£¢a-e£¢a, BQ¡l-pwú¡l, ¢hnÄ¡p-A¢hnÄ¡−pl SNv
Bm¡c¡z a¡C fË¡u −LE-C −N¡f¡mf¤−ll Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢hl¢V−L i¡−m¡h¡p−a f¡−l ¢e,
Bfe L−l ¢e−a f¡−l ¢e -- öd¤ S£h−el HL Ni£l pwLVL¡−m −pM¡−e H−p
BnËu ¢e−u−R Hhw ¢e−S−cl ü¡i¡¢hL fËhª¢š Ae¤k¡u£ f¢lQ¡¢ma q−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a −cM¡ −N¡f¡mf¤−ll Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢hl¢VJ HL pju −i−P −N−Rz p¤¤al¡w
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−p HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’−ml phÑ¡‰£Z S£he¢Qœ E−W H−p −k
"B’¢mL lPÚ' fËL¡n f¡u, a¡ HM¡−e b¡L−mJ A−eLV¡C ¢g−L q−u −N−Rz
a−h HV¡ ¢WL −N¡f¡mf¤−ll Eà¡Ù¹¥ ¢n¢hl¢V−L −L¾cÊ B’¢mL f¢lj™m N−s
−a¡m¡l HL¢V fËhZa¡ KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll j−dÉ −cM¡ k¡uz HL¡l−ZC "ah¤ ¢hq‰'
EfeÉ¡p¢V−L h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl B’¢mLa¡l mrZk¤š² EfeÉ¡−pl B−m¡Qe¡u
−gm¡ k¡uz
j−e¡S hp¤¤l hp¤¤ ay¡l "he −L−V hpa' (1961 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V−aJ
f§hÑhaÑ£ "SmS‰m' EfeÉ¡−pl ja ¢ejÀh‰ p¤¤¾clhe J −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oSe−L
fVi¨¢j L−l−Rez ab¡L¢ba piÉSNv −b−L ¢N−u q¡¢Sl qJu¡ NN−el −pC
A’m pwœ²¡¿¹ A¢i‘a¡C HC EfeÉ¡−pl j§m ¢houhÙ¹¥z KfeÉ¡¢pL HM¡−e kb¡bÑ
B’¢mL f¢l−hn N−s −a¡m¡l ¢c−L cª¢ø ¢c−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e Aw−n
−cM¡ k¡u −k, pja−m −L¡−e¡ LjÑpwÙÛ¡−el hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a e¡ −f−l ¢h¢e-hE Jl−g
¢h−e¡¢ce£ J −h¡e Q¡l¦−L −l−M X¡š²¡¢l −nM¡l SeÉ NNe ¢ejÀh−‰l p¤¤¾clhe

447
A’−ml −L¡¢Lmh¡¢s NË¡−jl j−e¡ql X¡š²¡−ll h¡¢sl E−Ÿ−nÉ lJe¡ −cuz
k¡œ¡f−b SNæ¡b J hm¡C-Hl p−‰ a¡l −cM¡ quz Hl¡ ¢h−no L−l SNæ¡b
Lb¡l S¡−m pq¡upðmq£e NNe−L −h¡L¡ h¡¢e−u L¥¢jlj¡¢l−a Nc¡d−ll −q¡−V−m
¢e−u ¢N−u −pM¡−e NNe−L −Q±d¤l£N−”l −R¡V −Q±d¤l£jn¡−ul i¡N−e h−m a¡l e¡j
L−l fËQ¥l M¡Ju¡-c¡Ju¡ L¢l−u ¢e−Sl¡J −M−u−c−u a¡−L HLm¡ −l−M Q−m k¡uz
g−m h¡c¡ A’−m ¢N−u fËb−jC NNe ¢hf−c f−sz Hlfl SmLy¡c¡ju A−eLV¡
fb −f¢l−u −L¡¢Lmh¡¢sl j−e¡ql X¡š²¡−ll h¡¢s−a −p q¡¢Sl quz −pM¡−e ¢N−u
NNe −c−M j−e¡ql X¡š²¡l ¢Q¢Lvp¡l e¡−j −m¡L W¢L−u i¡−m¡C ¢hou pÇf¢š
L−l−Rz a¡l Jo¤−dl j−dÉ fËd¡e qm "l¡P¡-h¢s' -- HC h¢s °a¢ll fÜ¢a
HLj¡œ j−e¡ql X¡š²¡l R¡s¡ −p A’−ml −LE S¡−e e¡z fËbj¢c−L NNe−L
−pM¡−e Q¡L−ll jaC b¡L−a quz d£−l d£−l NN−el L¡−R Øfø qu −k, X¡š²¡¢l
−nM¡−e¡l −Q−u ¢e−Sl A¢hh¡¢qa¡ BCh¤−s¡ −j−u i¥¢a Jl−g m¢aL¡l p−‰ a¡l
¢h−u ¢c−a j−e¡ql X¡š²¡l −h¢n BNËq£z AhnÉ NN−el B−NC −p h¡¢s−a
q¢lc¡p e¡−j HLSe ¢Rm −k "l¡P¡-h¢s' °a¢ll fÜ¢a −nM¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ
j−e¡q−ll pjÙ¹ g¡Cglj¡p M¡Vaz −p i¥¢a−L a¡l −fË−jl S¡−m S¢s−u −g−m -
- E−ŸnÉ h¡f e¡ −nM¡−mJ −j−ul L¡R −b−L l¡P¡-h¢s °a¢ll fÜ¢a ¢nM−hz
¢L¿¹¥ q¢lc¡−pl E−ŸnÉ j−e¡q−ll L¡−R dl¡ f−s −N−m −p ¢ha¡¢sa qu Hhw
NN−el …l¦aÆ h¡−sz H¢c−L HL¢ce NN−el p¡q¡−kÉ i¥¢a q¡¢lc¡−pl p−‰ f¡¢m−u
k¡uz Hlfl NNeJ X¡š²¡¢ll HLlLj ¢LR¥C e¡ ¢n−M −L¡¢Lmh¡¢s aÉ¡N L−l
L¥¢jlj¡¢l−a ¢N−u J−Wz fËbj¢c−L −p X¡š²¡¢ll −Qø¡ Ll−mJ fp¡l Sj¡−a f¡−l
e¡z g−m −p hul¡−M¡m¡ e¡jL HL¢V NË¡−jl j¡e¤o−cl Evp¡−q f¡Wn¡m¡ M¤−m
…l¦jn¡C¢N¢l öl¦ L−lz ¢L¿¹¥ heÉ¡ J Ai¡−hl a¡se¡u R¡−œl A¢ii¡hLl¡
fup¡ ¢c−a e¡ f¡l¡u −p f¡Wn¡m¡ E−W k¡uz
H¢c−L h¡c¡h−e k¡œ¡l fËbj¢ce −b−LC SNæ¡−bl p−‰ NN−el HLV¡
pÇfLÑ N−s E−W¢Rmz fËbj¢ce −p NNe−L AfcÙÛ Ll−mJ f−l h¡c¡ A’−m
−p-C NN−el HLj¡œ pq¡u q−u J−Wz HSeÉ −p NNe−L "hsc¡' h−m X¡L−aJ
öl¦ L−lz NNe −L¡¢Lmh¡¢s R¡s¡l fl L¥¢jlj¡¢l−a a¡l X¡š²¡¢l Ll¡−a,
448
hul¡−M¡−m f¡Wn¡m¡ −M¡m¡u −p Evp¡q ¢c−u¢Rmz ¢L¿¹¥ kMe NNe −L¡−e¡i¡−hC
¢e−Sl AhÙÛ¡l f¢lhaÑe Ll−a f¡lm e¡, aMe SNæ¡b a¡−L BlJ e£−Q
H−Lh¡−l h¡c¡ A’−m ¢e−S−cl BÙ¹¡e¡u "Bm¡'u ¢e−u ¢N−u q¡¢Sl L−lz HC
Bm¡¢V ¢Rm −Q±d¤l£N−”l −Q±d¤l£−cl, k¡l jÉ¡−eS¡l A¢el¦Ü Bl ¢hnÄÙ¹ LjÑQ¡l£
L¡−m¡−p¡e¡z p¤¤¾clh−el ApwMÉ ec-ec£ −b−L p¡l¡l¡a j¡R d−l H−e M¤h −i¡−l
−p A’−ml −m¡LSe HM¡−e j¡R ¢h¢œ² L−lz Bl SNæ¡b, hm¡C-l¡ −pph j¡R
pja−ml pL¡−ml h¡S¡−l ¢e−u ¢N−u ¢h¢œ² L−l B−pz SNæ¡−bl j−a¡ −e±L¡
Q¡m¡−e¡u f¡lcnÑ£ −m¡L −p A’−m Bl c¤'¢V −eCz a−h ¢hou-pÇf¢š, ÙÛ¡u£i¡−h
hph¡p Ll¡l j−a¡ h¡pe¡J a¡l j−dÉ −cM¡ k¡u e¡z a−h −mM¡fs¡ S¡e¡ ¢q−p¢h
NNe−L −f−u SNæ¡b ¢e−SC Bm¡ −M¡m¡l f¢lLÒfe¡ L−lz HC f¢lLÒfe¡
j−a¡ a¡l S‰−ml HL¢V S¡uN¡ f¢l×L¡l L−l Bm¡ M¤−mJ −cuz fËbj¢c−L
c¤'Q¡lSe j¡R ¢e−u H−mJ d£−l d£−l −p Bm¡ S−j k¡uz NNe −O¢lc¡l h−e
k¡u, k¡l fËd¡e Ahmðe SN¡ AbÑ¡v SNæ¡bz HM¡−e l¡−a j¡R B−p, NNe
M¡a¡u ¢q−ph L−l −p j¡−Rl f¢lj¡Z ¢m−M l¡−M, SNæ¡−bl¡ h¡S¡−l a¡ ¢h¢œ²
L−l fup¡ H−e ¢c−m −S−ml¡ fup¡ f¡uz Hi¡−hC l¡−a f¢lnËj J ¢c−e
Bl¡j-B−u−p B—¡ −j−l a¡−cl pju L¡−Vz AhnÉ a¡−cl Bm¡u Bp¡
j¡−Rl j−dÉ −h¢nli¡NC −Q±d¤l£−cl −O¢l −b−L Q¥¢l L−l Be¡ j¡Rz g−m H−cl
p−‰ j¡−Tj¡−TC −Q±d¤l£−cl LjÑQ¡l£−cl ¢h−l¡d hy¡−dz Hi¡−hC h¡c¡ A’−m NN−el
S£he L¡V¢Rmz
H¢c−L h¡¢s −b−L fup¡l a¡N¡c¡ ¢c−u NN−el nÉ¡mL −My¡s¡ e−Nenn£
j¡−Tj¡−TC ¢Q¢W f¡W¡¢µRmz NNe −p p−hl ¢WLja Ešl e¡ −cJu¡u Hhw
fup¡L¢s e¡ f¡W¡−e¡u HL¢ce e−Nenn£ ¢h¢e-hE J Q¡l¦−L ¢e−u −p A’−m
H−p q¡¢Sl quz g−m fËbj −L¡−e¡ iâO−ll j¢qm¡l f¡ −p A’−m f−sz Hl¡
l£¢aja iâNª−ql ¢euj-L¡e¤e, BQ¡l-BQlZ, l£¢a-pwú¡l Q¡m¤ L−l −pC h¡c¡
A’−mJ piÉSN−al −Ry¡u¡ ¢e−u B−pz d£−l d£−l NN−el −O¢ll pjÙ¹ LaÑ«aÆ
e−Nenn£l q¡−a Q−m k¡uz −p −Q±d¤l£−cl p−‰ pj−T¡a¡J L−l −euz Hl©f
f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a SNæ¡b −pM¡−e Aü¢Ù¹ Ae¤ih L−lz g−m −p H−cl pwØfnÑ aÉ¡−Nl

449
¢pÜ¡¿¹ −euz NN−el −h¡e Q¡l¦J a¡l p‰ −cuz a¡C EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o −cM¡ k¡u
BlJ ea¥e A’−ml på¡−e −p p¤¤¾clh−el BlJ ¢e−Ql ¢c−L lJe¡ ¢c−u−Rz
KfeÉ¡¢pL ¢m−M−Re -- ""h−el h¡O j¡e−om¡u k¡u e¡, j¡e¤o-h¡O¡J −aj¢e pq−S
Bp−a Q¡u e¡ HC ph c¤NÑj heS‰−mz −pC−V hs hy¡−Q¡u¡z −pCS−eÉ
−h¡L¡−p¡L¡ SN¡−cl fË−u¡Sez he −L−V Hl¡ hpa h¡e¡uz f¤−l¡f¤¢l h¡e¡−e¡ q−u
−N−m a¡lf−l cm−L cm hsc−ll j¡e¤−ol¡ H−p f−sez i¡−m¡ i¡−m¡ c¡m¡e-
−L¡W¡ quz i¡l£ i¡l£ jq¡Se£ −e±−L¡ -- Hhw œ²jnx −dy¡u¡Lm-¢ØVj¡l −cM¡ −cu
S−mz TeTe V¡L¡fup¡ h¡−Sz i¡−m¡ l¡Ù¹¡O¡V qu S¥−a¡-f¡−u h¡h¤−cl Qm¡Q−ml
SeÉz −Wm¡ −M−u Hl¡ Q−m k¡u Bc¡−s-ByÙ¹¡L¥−sz −q−S−j−S j−l LaLz NNe
c¡−pl ja HLL¡−ml c¤xM p¤¤−Ml p¡b£ LaS−e i£−s k¡u hs−cl p−‰z Bl
k¡l¡ ¢ea¡¿¹C SN¡−cl jae, ea¥e S¡uN¡l aõ¡−p Bh¡l a¡l¡ −h¢l−u
301
f−sz''
HC EfeÉ¡−pl OVe¡h¢m j§m i¨i¡N J h¡c¡i¨¢j -- c¤C ÙÛ¡−eC O−V−Rz j§m
i¨i¡−N ¢LR¥ Ll−a e¡ f¡l¡−aC NNe i¡NÉ¡−eÄo−Z h¡c¡ A’−m lJe¡ ¢c−u¢Rmz
a−h Hlf−lJ ¢h¢e-hE, Q¡l¦, e−Nenn£−L −L¾cÊ L−l KfeÉ¡¢pL j¡−T j¡−TC
j§m i¨i¡−Nl ¢hhlZ ¢c−u−Rez a−h EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −h¢nli¡N OVe¡C h¡c¡ A’−m
O−V−Rz −pC A’−ml L¥¢jlj¡¢l, hul¡−M¡m, −L¡¢Lmh¡¢s, −Q±d¤l£N”, py¡Cam¡,
−LnX¡P¡ fËi«¢a ÙÛ¡−el e¡j HM¡−e B−Rz Hl j−dÉ L¥¢jlj¡¢l −p A’−ml
f¢l−fË¢r−a A−eLV¡C nq−ll jaz HM¡−eJ EfeÉ¡−pl ¢LR¥ OVe¡ O−V−Rz a−h
−h¢nli¡N OVe¡ O−V−R h¡c¡i¨¢j py¡Cam¡u, −kM¡−e NNe−L p−‰ ¢e−u SNæ¡−bl¡
"Bm¡' °a¢l L−l¢Rmz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a I A’m¢Vl i¨-fËL«¢a −b−L öl¦ L−l
pjÙ¹ ¢LR¥l ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQu ¢c−u−Rez Bl Hm¡L¡¢V HLpju j§m Sepj¡S
−b−L f¤−l¡V¡C ¢h¢µRæ AhÙÛ¡u ¢Rmz g−m HC h¡c¡ A’m¢V−L ¢e−u EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
B’¢mL fVi¨¢j N−s E−W−Rz NNe, ¢h¢e-hE, Q¡l¦h¡m¡, e−Nenn£, j−e¡ql
X¡š²¡l, i¥¢a Jl−g m¢aL¡, SNæ¡b, hm¡C, A¢el¦Ü, L¡−m¡−p¡e¡, q¢lc¡p,
Nc¡dl, l¡−dnÉ¡j, fQ¡, p¤¤c¡j, −N¡f¡m ilà¡S, L¡e¡-eÉ¡fm¡, h¤Ü£nÄl, j¤m¤L

450
¢jU¡, Aæc¡p£, °amr −j¡sm, e¡−uh fËjb q¡mc¡l, ¢eh¡lZ, ql Os¥C, rÉ¡f¡
W¡L¥l j−qn, nn£ −N¡u¡m¡ fËj¤M−cl HC EfeÉ¡−pl Q¢lœ ¢q−p−h −cM¡ k¡uz
H−cl j−dÉ A−e−LC j§m i¨M−™l j¡e¤oz ¢L¿¹¥ SN¡ Jl−g SNæ¡b, hm¡C,
Aæc¡p£, l¡−dnÉ¡j, L¡−m¡−p¡e¡, rÉ¡f¡ j−qn fËj¤−Ml¡ f¤−l¡f¤¢l I A’m¢V −b−LC
E−W H−p−Rz SNæ¡bC HC EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uLz Q¡l¦ma¡ J a¡l fËnwp¡ L−l
AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""EfeÉ¡p j−dÉ c¤C¢V Q¢lœ j¡œ
302
BaÈj¢qj¡u A¢d¢ùa, p¤¤¢e¢cÑø hÉ¢š²aÆpÇfæ -- Q¡l¦h¡m¡ J SNæ¡bz'' hÙ¹¥a
HC SNæ¡−bl jdÉ ¢c−u KfeÉ¡¢pL h¡c¡ A’−ml S£he−LC −c¢M−u−Rez a¡l
j¡dÉ−j pjÙ¹ h¡c¡ fËL«¢a −ke BaÈfËL¡n L−l−Rz Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n h¡c¡
A’−ml l£¢a-e£¢a, S£he-S£¢hL¡, pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡LLb¡ −b−L öl¦ L−l
M¡Ju¡ c¡Ju¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNªq fËi«¢alJ ¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQu ¢c−u−Rez g−m
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl ¢c−L A−eLV¡C H¢N−u −N−Rz AdÉ¡fL
nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡uJ HC ¢hou…¢m fkÑ−hrZ L−l−Re -- "". . . −mML HC
B’¢mL S£hek¡œ¡l, Eq¡l −e±L¡-h¡Ju¡, j¡R-dl¡, −i¢s-hy¡d¡ fËi«¢a hª¢šl,
Eq¡l A−m±¢LL pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡−pl, Eq¡l r¢ZL Be−¾c¡µRÅ¡p J −h-f−l¡u¡ S£he-
e£¢al HL¢V ¢eyM¤a, abÉpjªÜ, fË¡Zl−p¡µRÅm ¢Qœ By¢Lu¡−Re J ay¡q¡l A¿¹l‰
A¢i‘a¡-i¡™¡l qC−a Ef¡c¡e pwNËq L¢lu¡ h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl HL¢V pÇf¨ZÑ
303
e§ae SN−al f¢lQu EcÚO¡¢Va L¢lu¡−Rez'' a−h ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ¢LR¥
ApÇf¨ZÑa¡l ¢c−L cª¢ø ¢c−aJ −i¡−me ¢e -- ""he −L−V hpa' (1961)
p¤¤¾clh−el AlZÉf¢l−h−n S£hepwNË¡−jl a£hËa¡, j¡R-−i¢sl A¢dL¡l mCu¡
fË¢aࢾàa¡C −ke Q¢lœü¡a¿»É−L A¢ii¨a L¢lu¡−Rz −k el-e¡l£l f¢lQu HC
EfeÉ¡−p f¡C a¡q¡l¡ −ke fË¢a−hn-fËi¡−h A−eLV¡ pˆ¥¢Qaz h¢qxfËL«¢al
a£hËal n¢š²l à¡l¡ BaÈfË¢aùi¨¢j qC−a ¢ha¡¢saz −L¡e ¢höÜ j¡e¢hL à¾à
Sj¡V hy¡¢dh¡l f§−hÑC h¡¢q−ll fËhm A¢iO¡a Eq¡−L ¢Ræ-¢h¢µRæ L¢lu¡ −cuz
¢houhÙ¹¥l ¢LR¥V¡ A¢afõ¢ha ¢hÙ¹¡l j¡eh pš¡l ¢hL¡n−L r¥ZÀ J hÉ¡qa
304
L−lz''

451
 "he −L−V hpa' EfeÉ¡p¢V −i±−N¡¢mL ¢cL −b−L HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’−ml
p£j¡-pwq¢al ¢hou¢V E−W H−mJ HM¡−e p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl A−eL
°h¢nøÉC Ae¤f¢ÙÛaz HM¡−e h¡c¡ A’−ml ¢e¢cÑø −L¡−e¡ Sefc E−W B−p ¢ez
g−m a¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l −L¡e ¢h−no pÇfËc¡−ul p¡j¢NËL S£heQkÑ¡l ¢hou¢VJ
Ae¤f¢ÙÛa −b−L −N−Rz py¡Cam¡ HM¡−e …l¦aÆ −f−mJ −no fkÑ¿¹ a¡ Bl h¡c¡l
j¡e¤oS−el Bi¡pi¨¢j b¡−L ¢e -- −pM¡−e e−Nenn£l j−a¡ j§m i¨M−™l −m¡i£,
ü¡bÑfl j¡e¤−ol¡ BÙ¹¡e¡ −N−s−Rz Bl Hl ÙÛf¢a SN¡ Jl−g SNæ¡b BlJ
e£−Q hp¢a ÙÛ¡f−el Bn¡u HL AS¡e¡ l¡−SÉl E−Ÿ−nÉ f¡¢s ¢c−u−Rz −p
¢e−SC I A’−ml −m¡L b¡−L ¢ez HM¡−e HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’−ml p¡j¢NËL
S£he¢Qœ E−W Bp¡l −Q−u ü¡d£ea¡l fl Bj¡−cl pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡u −k
f¢lhaÑe…¢m H−p¢Rm h¡c¡ A’−mJ f¢lhaÑe p§¢Qa q¢µRm a¡l R¢hC fËL¡¢na
q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu Aw−nJ HLb¡ hm¡ B−R -- ""h¡c¡he fËL«¢al ¢h¢Qœ
m£m¡i¨¢jz h¡c¡ A’−ml j¡e¤−ol hp¢a ÙÛ¡f−el ¢fR−e B−R p¡j¡¢SL,
AbÑ°e¢aL J NÔ¡¢eju S£he-pjpÉ¡z ¢L¿¹¥ a¡−aJ ¢eÙ¹¡l −eC HC ph ¢Ræj§m
−jqea£ j¡e¤−olz "he −L−V hpa' EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o −mML pj¡¢ç V¡−ee ¢ez
−p¢V pñh euz L¡lZ, HC ph j¡e¤−ol¡ öd¤ he −L−V hpa h¡e¡uz ¢L¿¹¥ ¢VL−a
f¡−l e¡z −Wm¡ −M−u BlJ Ni£−l he¡’−m Q−m k¡u, ea¥e S¡uN¡l på¡−e --
A°b L¡m¡f¡¢el p¡j−ez SNæ¡−bl ja plm ¢e−mÑ¡i −m¡−Ll¡ ¢j−m¢j−n he
−L−V hpa ¢ejÑ¡Z L−lz a¡lfl −m¡i£ ü¡bÑfl j¡e¤−ol cm H−p a¡−cl EvM¡a
L−l ph ¢LR¥ −i¡N L−lz "he −L−V hpa' h¡c¡l j¡e¤−ol p¤¤M-c¤x−Ml h¡Ù¹h
L¡¢qe£ -- h¡c¡h−el C¢aq¡pz ¢h¢iæ Q¢lœ−L, ¢h−noax NNe−L Ae¤plZ L−l
f¡WL h¡c¡ l¡−SÉ ¢e−Sl AS¡−¿¹C Q−m B−pez kMe −O¡l i¡−P, aMe f¡WL
−c−Me -- p¡j−e A°b L¡m¡f¡¢ez Bl HM¡−eC −mM−Ll HC c¤mÑi EfeÉ¡p
305
lQe¡l p¡bÑLa¡z'' g−m B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −hn ¢LR¥ Ef¡c¡e b¡L−mJ HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−a f¡−l ¢ez
Bhc¤m Sî¡−ll "C¢mn j¡¢ll Ql' (1962 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V f§hÑh−‰l
−e¡u¡M¡¢m −Sm¡u −S−N JW¡ HL¢V Ql−L fVi¨¢j L−l l¢Qaz HC Ql¢Vl e¡j
452
qm C¢mn j¡¢ll Qlz HC EfeÉ¡−p −pC Ql¢Vl fËL«¢a Hhw −pM¡eL¡l
jvpÉS£h£ j¡e¤oS−el L−W¡l S£he pwNË−jl R¢h KfeÉ¡¢pL Hy−L−Rez HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a −pC Ql¢Vl jvpÉS£h£ j¡e¤o−cl j−dÉ fËQ¢ma −m¡LLb¡, −m¡L¡Q¡l,
−m¡L¢hnÄ¡p, ¢h¢nø djÑ¢hnÄ¡p, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p fËi«¢alJ e¡e¡ h¡Ù¹h R¢h ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz
KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a j¡−T j¡−TC B’¢mL Efi¡o¡l fË−u¡N L−l−Rez
H…¢m B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−plC mrZz a−h "C¢mn j¡¢ll Ql' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HLV¡
A’m b¡L−mJ HM¡−e B’¢mLa¡l mrZ M¤h −h¢n Øfø euz
lj¡fc −Q±d¤l£l "he fm¡n£l fc¡hm£' (1962 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V he
fm¡n£ e¡jL HL¢V NË¡j−L fVi¨¢j L−l −mM¡z AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ j−e q−u−R −k, HM¡−e KfeÉ¡¢pL nlvQ−¾cÊl
"fõ£pj¡S'-Hl NË¡jS£he −b−L −h¢l−u H−p ea¥e ¢c−el ea¥e NË¡−jl l©f−lM¡
Hy−L−Rez ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ h−m−Re -- ""lj¡fc −Q±d¤l£l "he fm¡n£l
fc¡hm£'−a (S¥e, 1962) -- p¡ÇfË¢aL fõ£S£h−el ea¥e l©f−lM¡ J
A¿¹lØf¾ce je−L −c¡m¡ −cuz Cq¡ ¢eRL hÙ¹¥hZÑe¡ h¡ OVe¡ ¢hhª¢a eu,
306
BcnÑ¡¢ua i¡h¢QœJ eu, AbQ Eiu Ef¡c¡−elC pw¢jnË−Z N¢Waz'' AdÉ¡fL
Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u EfeÉ¡p¢Vl j−dÉ KfeÉ¡¢pL lj¡fc −Q±d¤l£l BaÈfË−rf
f−s−R h−m j−e L−l−Re -- ""HM¡−eJ O−V−R BaÈfË−rfz a¡l p§Qe¡ p¡a hRl
hup −b−Lz fËh¡p£ −mM−Ll ¢hØju¢hj¤‡ −Q¡−M −cM¡ a¡l ¢eS NË¡j, −k±h−e
LM−e¡ LM−e¡ Bn¡ Bc−nÑl −Q¡−M −cM¡, AdÑ−hL¡l S£h−e LjÑhÉ¡f−c−n ¢h¢iæ
−Sm¡l fy¢Qn ¢a¢ln¢V NË¡j−L pj¡−m¡Qe¡ Bl ¢h−nÔo−Zl AZ¤h£rZ cª¢øl p¡j−e
307
−g−m −cM¡z'' k¡C −q¡L, HC EfeÉ¡−p j§ma hefm¡n£ e¡jL NË¡j Hhw
−pM¡−e hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤o−cl S£he¢Qœ A¢ˆa q−u−Rz h¡wm¡l AeÉ¡eÉ NË¡−jl
p−‰ HC NË¡j¢Vl ¢LR¥V¡ p¡cªnÉ b¡L−mJ EfeÉ¡−p NË¡j¢V−L −ki¡−h EfÙÛ¡fe Ll¡
q−u−R, a¡−a NË¡j¢V−L j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−uJ üa¿» h−mC j−e
quz g−m B’¢mL fVi¨¢jL¡ b¡L¡u HC EfeÉ¡p¢V A−eLV¡C B’¢mL
EfeÉ¡−pl mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u E−W−Rz

453
 fËi¡a −ch plL¡−ll "Jl¡ L¡S L−l' (1964 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢VJ
A−eLV¡C B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl dy¡−Q −mM¡z AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u
¢ae¢V p¡ÇfË¢aL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl Lb¡ hm−a ¢N−u pa£e¡b i¡c¤s£l "−Yy¡s¡C
Q¢la j¡ep' Hhw p¤¤−h¡d −O¡−ol "na¢Lu¡' EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰ HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
Lb¡J h−m−Re -- ""fËi¡a −ch plL¡−ll "Jl¡ L¡S L−l' EfeÉ¡−p c¢rZ
Q¢în flNZ¡l −rajS¥l−cl S£hek¡œ¡l R¢h f¡Cz f£lf¤l NË¡j pqpË NË¡−jl
fË¢a¢e¢d; −rajS¥l Q¾ce, j¤L¥¾c, ¢nh¤, Adl−cl −cM¡ f¡C f¢ÕQjh−‰l NË¡−j
NË¡−jz B’¢mL p£j¡pwq¢a, −i±−N¡¢mL AM™a¡, hª¢šl ILÉhåe, S£hek¡œ¡l
HLj¤M£ea¡ HCph j¡e¤−ol j−dÉ ¢h¢nø l©f −f−u−Rz c¢rZh−‰l j¡¢V, j¡¢Vl
L¡R¡L¡¢R S£he J j¡e¤o, B’¢mL i¡o¡, Bhq J f¢l−hn -- phV¡ ¢j¢m−u
HL¡aÈ q−u E−W−Rz HC ¢elæ c¢lâ −rajS¥l−cl S£h−el c¤xM−hce¡,
c¡¢lâÉf£se, eÉ¡ue£¢a, djÑLjÑ, ¢cek¡f−el h¡Ù¹h L¡¢qe£l jdÉ ¢c−u HL AM™
308
S£he−h¡−dl Efm¢ì O−V−R HC EfeÉ¡−pz'' AdÉ¡fL nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul
HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ j§mÉ¡ue qm -- ""fËi¡a −ch plL¡−ll "Jl¡ L¡S L−l'
(nË¡hZ, 1371) -- Lm-L¡lM¡e¡l ¢eLVhaÑ£ AbQ L«¢o¢eiÑl fõ£-nË¢j−Ll
309
A¢e¢ÕQa S£he k¡œ¡l L¡¢qe£z'' Hy−cl hš²hÉ −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl mrZ f¤−l¡j¡œ¡u B−Rz
EfeÉ¡−pl L¡¢q¢e Aw−nJ −cM¡ k¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL HM¡−e c¢rZ Q¢în
flNZ¡l f£lf¤l NË¡−jl AaÉ¿¹ h¡Ù¹hpÇja R¢h Hy−L −pM¡eL¡l −rajS¥l−cl
S£heQkÑ¡−L a¥−m dl−a fËu¡p£ q−u−Rez a¡C −pC NË¡−jl −rajS¥l−cl
S£hek¡fe fËZ¡m£, l£¢a-pwú¡l, −m¡L-pwú«¢a, −m¡L¢hnÄ¡p, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p, i¡o¡
fËi«¢a pjÙ¹ ¢LR¥C HM¡−e ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz g−m HC EfeÉ¡p¢V HL¢V p¡bÑL
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p qJu¡l ¢c−L A−eLV¡C H¢N−u −N−Rz a−h HV¡J ¢WL HM¡−e
f£lf¤l NË¡j h¡wm¡l Bl fy¡QV¡ p¡d¡lZ NË¡−jl −Q−u M¤h −h¢n ü¡a¿»É ¢e−u
q¡¢Sl qu ¢ez HM¡eL¡l A¢dh¡p£−cl S£heQkÑ¡ h¡wm¡l p¡d¡lZ NË¡j£Z pwú«¢al
p−‰ A−eLV¡C −j−mz g−m j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−u ¢h¢µRæ q−u

454
b¡L¡l j−a¡ ¢hou¢V H−r−œ f¤−l¡f¤¢l −cM¡ k¡u e¡z g−m EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
B’¢mLa¡l mrZ l−u−Rz
p¤¤n£m l¡−ul "Aem Bu¢a' (1964 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V hm¡Ns −b−L
LmL¡a¡ fkÑ¿¹ i¡¢Nlb£l c¤C a£lhaÑ£ Sefc−L fVi¨¢j L−l l¢Qaz Hl
pjup£j¡ 1801-1829 ¢MËØV¡ëz HC pju¢V h¡wm¡l C¢aq¡−pl HL¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ
fhÑ, aMe h¡wm¡u Cw−lS n¡pe Sy¡¢L−u hp−a öl¦ L−l¢Rmz h¡P¡¢ml¡J
Cw−lS−cl pwØf−nÑ H−p jdÉk¤N£u dÉ¡ed¡lZ¡ aÉ¡N L−l Bd¤¢eL −Qae¡u
EŸ£¢fa qJu¡l ¢c−L ANËpl q¢µRmz KfeÉ¡¢pL pa£c¡q−L HC EfeÉ¡−pl
¢houhÙ¹¥ L−l−Rez AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡L¡−m
h−m−Re -- ""HC Ae¤ù¡e−L ¢O−l −pL¡−ml djÑ¢hnÄ¡p j§aÑz −pL¡−ml ¢h¢Qœ
j¡e¢pLa¡ HM¡−e l©f¡¢uaz −pL¡−ml ¢h¢Qœ djÑpwú¡l, e¡l£−aÆl Ahj¡ee¡,
f¤l¦−ol −üµR¡Q¡¢la¡, c¡ÇfaÉ Bc−nÑl Lm¤oa¡, Ù»£l A¢dL¡l J Afj¡e,
310
hÉ¢š²jkÑ¡c¡l AiÉ¥cu -- ph¢LR¥l fËa£L q−u E−W−R pa£c¡q Ae¤ù¡ez'' HC
E¢š² −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u "Aem Bu¢a' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl I¢aq¡¢pL j§mÉ ¢hcÉj¡ez
a−h Hph ¢LR¥ −cM¡−e¡ q−u−R HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m−L fVi¨¢j L−lz a¡C p¤¤n£m
l¡−ul "Aem Bu¢a' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl I¢aq¡¢pLa¡ ü£L¡l L−lJ Hl B’¢mL
mrZ…¢ml fË¢a f¡W−Ll cª¢ø BL¢oÑa quz
B’¢mL fVi¨¢jL¡u −mM¡ jq¡−nÄa¡ −ch£l fËbj EfeÉ¡p "L¢h h−¾cÉ¡O¢V
N¡¢Ul S£he J jªaÉ¥' (1966 ¢MËØV¡ë)z HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j −o¡sn
na¡ë£l l¡t h¡wm¡z HC fVi¨¢j−a ¢a¢e HL Q¨u¡s k¤h−Ll L¢h qh¡l fË−Qø¡ J
a¡l f¢lZ¢a−L HC EfeÉ¡−p −c¢M−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢V Hhw Hl −m¢ML¡ pÇf−LÑ
B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a ¢N−u AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u h−m−Re -- ""−j¢ce£f¤l
¢h¢Qœ B¢ch¡p£ pÇfËc¡u, −m¡Lpwú«¢al SeÈi¨¢j J d¡œ£i¨¢jz −pC −j¢ce£f¤−l
Ah¢ÙÛ¢a L¢m‰p£j¡−¿¹ qh¡l cl¦Z °QaeÉfËi¡−h −pM¡eL¡l ¢ejÀh−NÑl S¡¢al j−dÉ
j¡e¤o ¢q−p−h ¢e−S−L S¡eh¡l J S¡e¡h¡l HL¢V fËu¡p ¢eÕQu −cM¡ ¢c−u¢Rmz
HL¢c−L −j¢ce£f¤−ll p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤−ol ¢hf¤m hZÑ¡YÉa¡, AeÉ¢c−L hZÑn¡¢pa-
pj¡Sh¢qiѨa BlZÉ Q¨u¡s pÇfËc¡u, a¡−cl pÇf¨ZÑ fªbL A¢Ù¹aÆ, −c−h¡f¡pe¡,
455
−V¡−Vj J VÉ¡h¤, ¢hnÄ¡p-fËb¡-hÉhq¡l, Q¡¾cÊhvpl NZe¡, j¡a«L¡-Bl¡de¡ −m¢ML¡l
je−L BLoÑZ L−l¢Rmz −pC BlZÉ Q¨u¡s−cl j−dÉ HL k¤hL −Lje L−l L¢h
311
q−u EWm, a¡lC L¡¢qe£ HC EfeÉ¡pz'' HC E¢š² −b−L Øfø −h¡T¡ k¡−µR
"L¢h h−¾cÉ¡O¢V N¡¢Ul S£he J jªaÉ¥' EfeÉ¡p¢V I¢aq¡¢pL k¤N Ahmð−e l¢Qa
q−mJ HM¡−e B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−u JW¡l A−eL EfLlZ B−Rz a−h
EfeÉ¡−pl fËLlZ ¢q−p−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−L B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −Q−u I¢aq¡¢pL
EfeÉ¡p hm¡C −h¢n p‰az
fËg¥õ l¡−ul "−Lu¡f¡a¡l
"−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj fhÑ fËL¡¢na qu
1969 ¢MËØV¡−ë Hhw ¢àa£u fhÑ fËL¡¢na qu 1970 ¢MËØV¡−ëz f−l EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
BlJ −hn L−uL¢V fhÑ fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u Hl
f˵R−c −mM¡ q−u−R -- ""−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' ¢hn¡m f¢lp−l öd¤ jq¡L¡¢hÉL
312
EfeÉ¡pC eu, h¡P¡¢m S¡¢al Qlj c¤xpj−ul HL jq¡j§mÉh¡e C¢aq¡pJz''
HC hš²hÉ −b−L EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ¢hn¡ma¡ J I¢aq¡¢pL …l¦−aÆl C¢‰a f¡Ju¡ k¡uz
a−h ¢hn na−Ll h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mLa¡l B−m¡Qe¡u HC EfeÉ¡p¢V fËbj
c¤'¢V fhÑC ÙÛ¡e f¡uz L¡lZ −cni¡−Nl −fË¢r−a l¢Qa EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC c¤C fhÑ
KfeÉ¡¢pL f§hÑh−‰l l¡S¢cu¡ e¡jL HL¢V jgüm nq−ll phÑ¡‰£Z ¢Qœ Hy−L−Re,
k¡ H…¢ml B’¢mLa¡−LC p§¢Qa L−lz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj f−hÑ ¢he¤ Jl−g ¢heu e¡jL h¡−l¡ hR−ll HL
¢L−n¡−ll f§S¡l R¥¢V Efm−r "l¡CSc¡' AbÑ¡v l¡S¢cu¡u R¥¢V L¡V¡−e¡l
A¢i‘a¡ h¢ZÑa q−u−Rz −p a¡l h¡h¡ Ahe£−j¡qe, c¤C ¢c¢c p¤¤d¡ J p¤¤e£¢a Hhw
Ap¤¤ÙÛ l¦NÀ j¡ p¤¤lj¡l p−‰ j¡−ul pÇf¢LÑa BaÈ£u −qje¡b ¢jœ Jl−g
"−qjLš¡'l h¡¢s −hs¡−a B−pz HM¡−e H−pC BS£he LmL¡a¡u L¡V¡−e¡ ¢he¤l
−Q¡−M jgüm h¡wm¡l fËL«¢a J −p±¾ckÑ a¡l Af§hÑ l©f p−ja dl¡ f−sz
f¡n¡f¡¢n c¡c¤ "−qjLš¡'l h¡¢sl °ce¢¾ce L¡kÑLm¡f, f¢lh¡−ll Hhw −p
A’−ml j¡e¤oS−el −qje¡−bl fË¢a nËÜ¡ J a¡−cl Efl −qje¡−bl fËi¡h,
¢q¾c¥-j¤pmj¡e pÇfË£¢a, j¡e¤oS−el pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p, c¤NÑ¡ f§S¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l
−pM¡eL¡l BQ¡l-Ae¤ù¡e, I A’−ml j¡e¤oS−el i¡o¡-pwm¡f ¢he¤−L BÕQkÑ
456
L−lz A¢Q−ll h¡¢sl Q¡Ll L¥¢s-HL¥n hR−ll k¤N−ml p−‰ ¢he¤l hå¥aÆ q−u
k¡Ju¡u k¤Nm a¡−L −p A’m−L¢¾cÊL fËQ¥l NÒf −n¡e¡u Hhw ¢h¢iæÙÛ¡−e O¤l−a
¢e−u k¡uz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fËbj f−hÑ H pjÙ¹ ¢LR¥lC ¢hhlZ B−Rz l¡S¢cu¡
A’m¢V ¢he¤l h¡h¡ Ahe£−j¡q−elJ i¡−m¡ m¡−Nz a¡l −p A’−m −b−L k¡h¡l
¢pÜ¡−¿¹l jdÉ ¢c−uC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC fhÑ¢V pj¡ç q−u−Rz
"−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡'-Hl ¢àa£u fhÑ¢V l¡S¢cu¡u ¢he¤l °L−n¡l −b−L
−k±h−e −fy±R¡−e¡l L¡¢q¢ez EfeÉ¡−pl f§hÑhaÑ£ fhÑ¢V−a HC A’m¢V pÇf−LÑ ¢he¤
−k A¢i‘a¡ ASÑe L−l¢Rm, HC f−hÑ a¡ BlJ ¢hÙ¹«ai¡−h fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz
f¡n¡f¡¢n −p pjuL¡l ü¡d£ea¡ B−¾c¡me, ¢q¾c¥-j¤p¢m−jl j−dÉL¡l ¢hi¡Se,
p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL c¡‰¡, −cni¡N fËi«¢a ph fËp‰C EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC f−hÑ E−W H−p−Rz
C¢aj−dÉ ¢he¤l j¡ plj¡ j¡l¡ k¡uz ¢he¤l c¤C ¢c¢c ¢h−u L−l LmL¡a¡u Q−m
B−pz Ù»£ ¢h−u¡−Nl fl Ahe£−j¡q−el −p A’−ml Efl −b−L E−W k¡Ju¡u −pJ
LmL¡a¡u ¢g−l B−pz HC p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL −N¡m−k¡−Nl pju "−qjLš¡'l B¢nËa¡
−R¡V−hm¡u j¡ f¢laÉš²¡ J Ec¡p£e ¢fa¡l LeÉ¡ ¢Qlc¤xM£ ¢Te¤L ¢LR¥ e¡l£j¡wp
−m¡m¤f ENË p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL j¡e¤−ol à¡l¡ d¢oÑa¡ quz Qlj p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL q¡e¡q¡¢el
pju HC ¢Te¤L−L ¢e−u ¢he¤l l¡S¢cu¡ −R−s LmL¡a¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ lJe¡ −cJu¡l
jdÉ ¢c−uC EfeÉ¡−pl HC fhÑ¢V −no q−u−Rz
"−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡' EfeÉ¡−pl HC c¤C f−hÑl L¡¢q¢e Awn −b−L −cM¡
k¡−µR −k, KfeÉ¡¢pL c¤'¢V f−hÑlC fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h f§hÑh‰ "l¡CSc¡' AbÑ¡v
l¡S¢cu¡ A’m−L NËqZ L−l−Rez ¢a¢e ¢he¤ Jl−g ¢he−ul cª¢ø−a −p A’−ml
−i±−N¡¢mL AhÙÛ¡e, fËL«¢a, j¡W-O¡V, ec£e¡m¡, q¡Vh¡S¡l Hhw j¡e¤oS−el
¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ ¢c−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC c¤C f−hÑ ¢he¤, a¡l j¡-h¡h¡ J c¤C
¢c¢c pq "qÉ¡jLš¡' J a¡l f¢lh¡−ll −m¡LSe Hhw fËQ¥l ¢q¾c¥-j¤p¢mj Q¢lœ
B−Rz ¢he¤l¡ R¡s¡ fË¡u ph¡C −p A’−ml j¡e¤oSez H−cl j−dÉ qÉ¡jLš¡l
h¡¢sl Q¡Ll k¤Nm Hhw Cw−lS "m¡m−j¡qe' AbÑ¡v m¡l−j¡−ll e¡j Bm¡c¡ L−l
E−õM Ll−aC quz KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll hZÑe¡…−Z −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el BQ¡l-BQlZ,
l£¢a-e£¢a, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, −m¡L¡Q¡l-−m¡Lpwú«¢a, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc,
457
i¡o¡-pwm¡f fËi«¢a ph¢LR¥C E−W H−p−Rz ¢a¢e HC c¤C f−hÑl fËd¡e Q¢lœ
"qÉ¡jLš¡' Jl−g −qje¡b ¢jœ−L −ki¡−h a¥−m H−e−Re a¡−a j−e qu a¡l
j−dÉ ¢c−u pjNË l¡S¢cu¡ A’m fËa£L¡¢ua q−u−Rz HphC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HC c¤C
f−hÑl B’¢mLa¡−L p§¢Qa L−lz qu−a¡ KfeÉ¡¢pL öd¤ HC c¤'¢V f−hÑ
EfeÉ¡p¢V ¢mM−m "−Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡'−L HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p hm¡J
−kaz a−h ¢a¢e "h¡P¡¢m S¡¢al Qlj c¤xpj−ul HL jq¡j§mÉh¡e C¢aq¡p' lQe¡
Ll¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl BlJ HL¡¢dL M™ lQe¡ L−l H−L jq¡L¡¢hÉL hÉ¡¢ç
¢c−a E−cÉ¡N£ q−u−Rez qu−a¡ H L¡−S ¢a¢e pgmJ q−u−Rez a−h flhaÑ£
fhÑ…¢m Bj¡l B−m¡Qe¡l B−p ¢ez a¡C pjNË EfeÉ¡−pl p¡−f−r B’¢mLa¡l
B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ qm e¡z c¤'¢V f−hÑ kaV¥L¥ B’¢mLa¡l mrZ Øfø q−u−R, a¡-C
B−m¡¢Qa qmz
°puc j¤Ù¹¡g¡ ¢pl¡−Sl "a«Zi¨¢j' (1970 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j
¢q−p−h ay¡l SeÈi¨¢j j¤¢nÑc¡h¡c −Sm¡l à¡lL¡ec£l c¤C a£−ll "L¥mq£e d¤pl
pj¤−âl j−a¡ a«Zi¨¢j' A’m−L NËqZ L−l−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢V−a I A’−ml i¨-
fËL«¢a −b−L öl¦ L−l A¢dh¡p£−cl S£heQkÑ¡ pwœ²¡¿¹ A−eL ¢hou E−W H−p−Rz
AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u ¢hn na−Ll o¡V-pš−ll cn−Ll EfeÉ¡p…¢ml
B−m¡Qe¡ fËp−‰ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ h−m−Re -- ""°puc j¤Ù¹¡g¡ ¢pl¡−Sl
"a«Zi¨¢j' pjL¡−m Bœ²¡¿¹ q−mJ j¤¢nÑc¡h¡−cl ¢qSm he à¡lL¡ ec£ HL
Afl©f −p±¾c−kÑ EcÚi¡¢pa q−u−Rz p¡jÉh¡c£ B−¾c¡me, B¢ch¡p£ J N¢lh ¢q¾c¥
j¤pmj¡e Num¡ −rajS¥l Q¡¢o ¢h−â¡q, pnÙ» AiÉ¥›¡−el hÉbÑ fËu¡p --
f¢ÕQjh−‰l −Qe¡L¡−ml l¡S°e¢aL c¤−kÑ¡−Nl fVi¨¢j−a ¢qSm h−el fËL«¢al
313
BnËum¡¢ma j¡e¤o…¢ml p¤¤Mc¤x−Ml L¡¢qe£ HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢Q¢œaz'' g−m HC
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a Bf¡ai¡−h B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl A−eL mrZ fË¢ai¡a quz ¢L¿¹¥
HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl fVi¨¢j ¢q−p−h HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el
S£heQkÑ¡ E−W H−mJ pjL¡−ml ¢i¢š−a pj¡S ¢hhaÑ−el ¢hou¢V A−eL −h¢n
L−l E−W H−p−Rz −pC pj−ul l¡Se£¢al fËp‰J HM¡−e H−p−Rz a¡C o¡V-

458
pš−ll cn−Ll j¤¢nÑc¡h¡−cl HL¢V A’−ml pj¡S ¢hhaÑ−el ¢Qœ ¢q−p−h
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl j§mÉ kaM¡¢e, B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h aaV¡ euz
Aa£e h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "e£mL˜ f¡¢Ml −My¡−S' (1971 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V
−cni¡−Nl AhÉh¢qa f§hÑhaÑ£L¡−ml Y¡L¡ −Sm¡l n£amrÉ¡ ec£ a£lhaÑ£ ¢q¾c¥-
j¤p¢mj SeS£he−L¢¾cÊL HL¢V NË¡j−L fVi¨¢j L−l −mM¡z HM¡−e −cn i¡−Nl
B−N ¢q¾c¥-j¤pmj¡e pq¡hÙÛ¡−el jdÉ ¢c−u −fËj-jja¡-i¡−m¡h¡p¡, f§S¡-f¡hÑZ,
−jm¡, Evp−hl R¢h fËL¡n −f−mJ −cni¡−Nl fË¡LÚj¤q¨−aÑ r¥d¡, doÑZ, M¤e, c¡‰¡,
l¡S°e¢aL q¡e¡q¡¢e, ¢eù¥la¡u −p ¢Qœ L£i¡−h hc−m −Nm a¡ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz
HM¡−e HL¢V ¢h−no A’−ml ec£, ¢hm, Ah¡d fË¡¿¹l, BL¡n, d¡e −ra, −p¡e¡m£
h¡¢ml Ql, alj¤−Sl −ra, pL¡m-påÉ¡-l¡¢œ, n£a-NË£×j-hoÑ¡ fËi«¢al p−‰ S¢s−u
EfeÉ¡−pl Q¢lœ…¢m BaÈfËL¡n L−l−Rz I A’m¢Vl l£¢a-e£¢a, BQ¡l-pwú«¢a,
¢hnÄ¡p-A¢hnÄ¡p, −m¡LLb¡-−m¡L¡Q¡l, M¡cÉ¡iÉ¡p, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNªq,
i¡o¡l£¢a fËi«¢a hÉhq¡l L−l "B’¢mL lPÚ' g¥¢V−u −a¡m¡l −Qø¡ L−l−Re
KfeÉ¡¢pLz H−r−œ ¢a¢e A−eLV¡C pgmJ q−u−Rez a−h Ha¢LR¥ b¡L¡ p−šÄJ
EfeÉ¡p¢V B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−u J−W¢e -- B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl pjÙ¹ naÑ
HM¡−e −j−e Qm¡ pñh qu ¢e, a¡l −Q−u A−eL −h¢n −cni¡−Nl E−šSe¡,
f§hÑh−‰l i¡o¡ B−¾c¡m−el j−a¡ l¡S°e¢aL ¢hou E−W H−p−Rz a¡C
B’¢mLa¡l −Q−u AeÉ a¡vfkÑ ¢e−uC h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl C¢aq¡−p HC EfeÉ¡p¢V
Bm¡c¡ S¡uN¡ L−l ¢e−u−Rz
jq¡−nÄa¡ −ch£l "Al−ZÉl A¢dL¡l' (1977 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V h¡wm¡
p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ EfeÉ¡pz 1899-1900 ¢MËØV¡−ë h£lp¡ j¤™¡l
−ea«−aÆ Al−ZÉl A¢dL¡l−L −L¾cÊ L−l pwO¢Va j¤™¡−cl ¢h−â¡−ql I¢aq¡¢pL
OVe¡−L fVi¨¢j L−l HC EfeÉ¡p¢V l¢Qaz a¡C EfeÉ¡p¢Vl HLV¡ I¢aq¡¢pL
J l¡S°e¢aL …l¦aÆ B−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n EfeÉ¡p¢V−a j¤™¡−cl h¡pi¨¢j Hhw a¡−cl
S£he f¢lœ²j¡l fËQ¥l R¢h E−W H−p−R, −k…¢m B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl e¡e¡
mrZ−LC fËL¡n L−lz a¡C pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L

459
a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul "qy¡p¤¤m£ hy¡−Ll EfLb¡' EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰ HL −N¡−œ
−gm−a −Q−u−Rez
"Al−ZÉl A¢dL¡l'-Hl f−ll hRl AbÑ¡v 1978 ¢MËØV¡−ë l¢Qa
"Af¡−lne hp¡C V¥X¥' (1978 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V T¡sNË¡−jl AlZÉ A’m−L
fVi¨¢j L−l l¢Qaz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V pÇf−LÑ AdÉ¡fL Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u
h−m−Re -- ""Af¡−lne hp¡C V¥X¥l fVi¨¢j T¡sNË¡−jl AlZÉ A’mz fVi¨¢j¢V
¢hn¡m, L¡m 1970-76, ¢hou -- EfeÉ¡−pl e¡uL hp¡C V¥X¥−L Maj Ll¡l SeÉ
n¡pL cm, plL¡l£ fËn¡pe J pnÙ» f¤¢mnh¡¢qe£l ¢j¢ma E−cÉ¡Nz h¡â¡¢l,
S¡…−m¡, h¡L¥¢m LcjL¥U¡ -- l¡t-T¡sM−™l ¢hÙ¹£ZÑ Ae¤hÑl S‰m Hm¡L¡u
Rs¡−e¡, HCph NË¡−j hp¡C V¥X¥−L ¢eL¡n Ll¡l pnÙ» A¢ik¡ez ¢L¿¹¥ a¡−L
¢eL¡n Ll¡ k¡u¢ez −rajS¥l Bl B¢ch¡p£l¡ f¤l¦o¡Z¤œ²−j EyQ¥am¡l j¡e¤−ol
fca−m ¢fø q−u Bp−Rz J−cl hýL¡−ml GZ Bl −fV−hN¡l£l −n¡oZ J håe
314
j¤¢š²m¡−il C¢aq¡p l©f¡¢ua q−u−R HC EfeÉ¡−pz'' H −b−LC −h¡T¡ k¡u
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a l¡Se£¢al HLV¡ ¢h−no i¨¢jL¡ b¡L−mJ T¡sNË¡−jl −pC A’m¢Vl
¢hÙ¹¡¢la f¢lQuJ B−Rz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−L h¡wm¡ l¡S°e¢aL EfeÉ¡−pl ü£L«¢aJ
−cJu¡ quz a−h HM¡−e l¡Se£¢al f¡n¡f¡¢n T¡sNË¡−jl −pC A’m¢V Hhw
−pM¡eL¡l EfS¡¢a pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤o…¢ml S£he f¢lœ²j¡l Lb¡J B−Rz a¡C
jq¡−nÄa¡ −ch£l "Af¡−lne hp¡C V¥X¥' EfeÉ¡p¢V Bc−a l¡S°e¢aL EfeÉ¡p
q−mJ HM¡−e B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl e¡e¡ mrZ B−Rz
−j¢ce£f¤−ll n¡mhe£ A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤o−cl S£heQkÑ¡ Ahmð−e
…Zju j¡æ¡ ay¡l "n¡mhe£' (1978 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V lQe¡ L−lez EfeÉ¡p¢Vl
B−m¡Qe¡ L¡−m AdÉ¡¢fL¡ p¤¤¢ja¡ Qœ²haÑ£ h−m−Re -- ""−k-−L¡−e¡ A’m-¢i¢šL
EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mL i¨-fËL«¢a Bl Sm-h¡u¤j™m pq HL h¡ HL¡¢dL SeS¡¢a-
−N¡ù£l l©f¡uZ O−V b¡−Lz −L¡b¡J AaÉ¿¹ ¢e¢cÑøi¡−h HL¢V −N¡ù£−L a¥−m d−le
−mML, −L¡b¡J I ¢h−no A’m¢Vl Se¢heÉ¡−pl fË¢aC b¡−L p¢h−no mrz
315
"n¡mhe£' ¢àa£u −nË¢Z−a f−sz'' HM¡−e ¢a¢e HLlLj HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl

460
B’¢mL mr−Zl Ef¢ÙÛ¢al Lb¡ ü£L¡l L−l ¢e−u−Rez hÙ¹¥af−r −j¢ce£f¤l-
MsNf¤l Hhw hy¡L¥s¡-Ns−ha¡l j¡−T Ah¢ÙÛa n¡mhe£ A’mz A’m¢V−a hV,
f¡L¥s, ¢nj§m, L¥m, −MS¥l, −hm, jýu¡ fËi«¢a N¡R hei¨¢j °a¢l L−l−Rz a−h
ph−b−L −h¢n B−R n¡mN¡Rz n¡mh−el Lb¡ j¡b¡u −l−MC A’m¢Vl e¡j q−u−R
n¡mhe£z HC e¡−jC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl e¡jLlZ Ll¡ q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡−pJ −pC
he¡’m¢Vl ¢hhl−Zl f¡n¡f¡¢n −pM¡eL¡l EfS¡¢a pÇfËc¡−ul j¡e¤o−cl
S£heQkÑ¡l Lb¡J B−Rz H…¢m −k −L¡−e¡ p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉaj
…l¦aÆf§ZÑ mrZz a−h HL¢V p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−p B’¢mLa¡l −k pjÙ¹
mrZ b¡−L a¡l A−eL¢LR¥C "n¡mhe£' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡z HSeÉ −p
Hm¡L¡l S£he¢Qœ ¢q−p−h EfeÉ¡p¢V pgm q−mJ B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−h
f¤−l¡f¤¢l pgm qu ¢ez
A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡−ll "j¢qoL¥s¡l EfLb¡' (1978 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V
h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl C¢aq¡−p HL¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ pw−k¡Se ¢q−p−h NZÉ Ll¡ quz
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl p§Qe¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""Bj¡−cl HC NÒfV¡ j¢qoL¥s¡
e¡−j HL eNZÉ NË¡j−L −L¾cÊ L−lz Ha −R¡V, Ha eNZÉ, Q¡¢l¢c−Ll S‰−m
Hje −Ol¡ −k a¡−L B¢h×L¡l Ll¡l SeÉ ¢SfN¡¢sl hql p¡¢S−u A¢ik¡e
Ll−m j¡¢e−u k¡u; hlw p¤¤M J jªc¤ E−šSe¡u L¡lZ : h−el ¢qwpË S¿¹¥−cl −cM¡
f¡Ju¡l pñ¡he¡ b¡−L, ¢fL¢e−Ll Bhq¡Ju¡u eªašÄ, pj¡SašÄ ¢e−u N−hoZ¡
Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l, L¡lZ j−e q−a b¡−L Hl¡ −h¡dqu h−e fb q¡¢l−u k¡Ju¡ HL
316
j¡eh−N¡ù£l hwndl, k¡l¡ HC ¢h¢µRæa¡−L −Q¡−Ml j¢Zl j−a¡ lr¡ L−lz''
KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll HC hš²−hÉl j−dÉC "j¢qoL¥s¡l EfLb¡' EfeÉ¡−pl B’¢mLa¡l
C¢‰a B−Rz
A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l pÇf−LÑ pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u j¿¹hÉ L−l−Re--
""Ešlh−‰l −k A’−m A¢jui¨o−Zl hph¡p, a¡l AÒf c§l −b−LC al¡C
hei¨¢jl öl¦z HC A’−m e¡e¡ −N¡−œl EfS¡¢a h¡ VÊ¡C−hl h¡pz A−eL
VÊ¡C−hl pw¢jnËZJ O−V−Rz B’¢mL jja¡l V¡−eC −q¡L, ¢L eªa¡¢šÄL BNË−ql
L¡l−ZC −q¡L, Abh¡ h¢ZL piÉa¡l Lm¤¢oa Øf−nÑl −b−L A−fr¡L«a j¤š² --
461
HC L¡l−ZC −q¡L, A¢jui¨o−Zl Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉ H−cl fË−hnà¡l Ah¡¢laz −k
¢nL−sl på¡−e A¢jui¨oZ h¡l h¡l C¢aq¡−pl c§l L¡−m f¡¢s −ce, HC ph
EfS¡¢a SeS¡¢al j−dÉ, BlZÉL J AdÑ-BlZÉL−cl B¢cja¡l j−dÉ −pC
¢nL−sl A−eLM¡¢e Bi¡p f¡Ju¡ k¡uz −k SeÉC −q¡L, A¢jui¨o−Zl
317
Lb¡p¡¢q−aÉ HC p−hl i¨¢jL¡ ¢h−no E−õM−k¡NÉz'' Hph Lb¡ ay¡l
"j¢qoL¥s¡l EfLb¡' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −r−œ H−Lh¡−l paÉz HC EfeÉ¡p¢V
Ešlh−‰l −L¡Q¢hq¡l-B¢mf¤lc¤u¡−ll X¥u¡pÑ A’m−L fVi¨¢j L−l l¢Qa q−u−Rz
−pCph A’−ml j¢qo h¡b¡e…¢m HC EfeÉ¡−p …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ ¢e−u−Rz
H…¢m−L −L¾cÊ L−l −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oSe J a¡−cl S£heQkÑ¡l R¢h HM¡−e E−W
H−p−Rz HM¡−e jq¡Se−cl à¡l¡ B¢c A¢dh¡p£l¡ L£i−h −n¡¢oa qu a¡l R¢h
B−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n dea¡¢¿»L hÉhÙÛ¡l A¢eh¡kÑ gm k¡¢¿»L piÉa¡l Q¡−f H−cl
S£hed¡l¡l f¢lhaÑ−el l©f¢VJ HC EfeÉ¡−p dl¡ f−s−Rz HLpju hej¢qo ¢Rm
H−cl L¡−R f¢lœ¡a¡ n¢š²l fËa£Lz ¢L¿¹¥ L¡−ml f¢lhaÑ−el p−‰ p−‰ H−cl
S£he −b−L −pC j¢qoJ q¡¢l−u k¡uz a¡l ÙÛ¡−e B−p hs hs m¢lz
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HC m¢l −n¡oL−cl fËa£L ¢q−p−h EfÙÛ¡¢fa q−u−Rz L£i¡−h
f¢l−hn dÆwp L−l k¡¢¿»L piÉa¡ œ²jn NË¡j£Z SeS£he−L NË¡p L−l A¢eh¡kÑ
dÆw−pl ¢c−L H¢N−u ¢e−u k¡−µR a¡lC h¡Ù¹h J S£h¿¹ ¢Qœ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
B−Rz −pCp−‰ el-e¡l£l ¢Ql¿¹e q©cu pÇf−LÑl ¢cL¢VJ E−f¢ra qu ¢ez
EfeÉ¡p¢V −no q−u−R KfeÉ¡¢p−Ll qa¡n¡f§ZÑ c£OÑnÄ¡−pl jdÉ ¢c−u -- ""H−a¡
−h¡T¡C k¡−µR, nq−ll l¡S¡l¡, k¡l¡ l¡SÉ Q¡m¡u, a¡l¡ −f¡o e¡-j¡e¡ −L¡−e¡ jcÑ¡
−j¡o−L ¢e−Sl CµR¡ j−a¡ h−e Ql−a Bl −L¡−e¡¢ceC −c−h e¡z k¢cJ qW¡v
318
−a¡j¡l l−š²l j−dÉ HL h¤−e¡ h¡Cpe By-By¡-s L−l −X−L J−Wz''
HCi¡−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−a L¡−ml ¢hhaÑ−el ¢Qœ E−W H−mJ j¢qoL¥s¡ NË¡j
Hhw −pM¡eL¡l B¢c A¢dh¡p£ j¡e¤o…¢mJ ¢e−S−cl ü¡i¡¢hL °h¢nøÉ ¢e−u q¡¢Sl
q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a Bpg¡L, R¢jl, p¡š¡l, e¢pl, Q¡E¢Vu¡, j¤æ¡g, Ljl¦e
fËj¤M HCph B¢c A¢dh¡p£z Hl¡ ph¡C d−jÑl ¢cL −b−L j¤p¢mj pÇfËc¡−ul
j¡e¤oz H−cl jaC S¡gl¦õ¡ j¤p¢mj pÇfËc¡−ul q−mJ −p −n¡oL −nËZ£l
462
fË¢a¢e¢dz KfeÉ¡¢pL H−cl j¡dÉ−j j¢qoL¥s¡l j¡e¤o…¢ml S£he-S£¢hL¡, l£¢a-
e£¢a, BQ¡l-BQlZ, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, ¢eSü djÑ¡QlZ fÜ¢a, −m¡L¡Q¡l-
−m¡Lpwú¡l, M¡Ju¡-c¡Ju¡, −f¡n¡L-f¢lµRc, h¡pNªq, i¡o¡-pwm¡f fËi«¢al
h¡Ù¹hl©f−L a¥−m H−e−Rez g−m EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−u JW¡l HL
dl−el f¢l−hn °a¢l q−u−Rz a−h HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a L¡−ml f¢lhaÑ−el −fË¢r−a
pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡l f¢lhaÑe, l¡Se£¢a fËi«¢a fËp‰J H−p−Rz H p−hl fËi¡h
pjL¡−m phÑœC fs¢Rmz a¡C B’¢mL L¡W¡−j¡ b¡L−mJ "j¢qoL¥s¡l EfLb¡'
f¤−l¡V¡ p¡bÑL B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−a f¡−l ¢ez
jq¡−nÄa¡ −ch£ f¡m¡−j± −Sm¡l HL AMÉ¡a NË¡−j −jm¡ Efm−r a£l−Mm¡
−cM−a ¢N−u −k A¢i‘a¡ ASÑe L−l¢R−me a¡−L ¢i¢š L−l "−Q¡¢–
"−Q¡¢– j¤ä¡ Hhw
a¡l a£l' (1980 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V lQe¡ L−lez pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u
HC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl L¡¢q¢e−L "h£lp¡l L¡¢q¢el Ae¤hª¢š' h−m−Rez HM¡−eJ
l¡Se£¢al fËp‰ H−p−Rz a−h l¡Se£¢a−L R¡¢s−u f¡m¡−j±-Hl −pC AMÉ¡a
A’m¢V Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el S£he f¢lœ²j¡J E−W H−p−Rz g−m "−Q¡¢–
j¤™¡ Hhw a¡l a£l' EfeÉ¡p¢V A−eLV¡C B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u
E−W−Rz
pj−ln hp¤¤l "h¡b¡e' (1985 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V −N¡f¡mL−cl S£heQkÑ¡
Ahmð−e l¢Qaz HL¢c−L a¡−cl f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£he, Afl¢c−L −N¡f¡m−el AbÑ¡v
"h¡b¡e' S£he−L ¢e−u EfeÉ¡p¢V N−s E−W−Rz Hl fVi¨¢j hdÑj¡e-e¢cu¡ −Sm¡l
¢hÙ¹«a a«Z−rœ, Q¡lZi¨¢jz Hph ÙÛ¡−eC −N¡f¡mL−cl Nl¦-j¢qo ¢e−u −k−a quz
KfeÉ¡¢pL −N¡f¡mL−cl S£hef¢lœ²j¡l jdÉ ¢c−u −pC A’−ml B’¢mL
S£he¢Qœ−L A−eLV¡C fËL¡n L−l−Rez a−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−a j§m Sepj¡S −b−L
¢h¢µRæ −L¡−e¡ HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l h¡Ù¹h S£heQkÑ¡ kb¡kbi¡−h
E−W B−p ¢ez
A¢i¢Sv −p−el "lý Q™¡−ml q¡s' (1985 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V
Ešlh−‰l HL k¡k¡hl-−N¡ù£l S£he B−mMÉz HM¡−e a¡−cl S£h−el C¢ahªš
lQe¡l fËu¡p L−l−Re KfeÉ¡¢pLz HM¡−e a¡−cl −csn hR−ll C¢aq¡p dl¡
463
f−s−Rz H−cl e¡ B−R ÙÛ¡u£ h¡pÙÛ¡e, e¡ B−R ÙÛ¡u£ S¡¢a-djÑ;H−cl HLV¡C
f¢lQu −k, Hl¡ qm h¡¢SLl -- j¤m¤L j¤m¤L O¤−l "h¡¾cl m¡Q¡−e¡', "i¡õ¤
m¡Q¡−e¡', "¢fQÚm¤ h¤t¡-h¤t£l L¡−Wl f¤a¥m m¡Q¡−e¡', "i¡eÚja£l −Mm¡', "hy¡nh¡¢S',
"c¢sh¡¢S'z "el-l¡rp qu¡ Ly¡Q¡ qy¡p, Ly¡Q¡ j¤lN¡ Lsjs Lsjs L−lÉ M¡Ju¡'
H…−m¡ ph H−cl L¡Sz lý H−cl f§hÑf¤l¦oz −pC lý Q™¡−ml q¡s ¢c−uC H−cl
ka −Ll¡j¢az A−eL S¡uN¡ −O¡l¡l fl Hl¡ −nofkÑ¿¹ j¡mc¡ −Sm¡−a H−p ¢ba¥
q−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a j¡mc¡l NË¡j£Z SefcS£h−el i¨-fËL«¢a, npÉ−ra, ec-ec£,
j¡e¤−ol l£¢a-e£¢a, BQ¡l-pwú«¢a, ¢hnÄ¡p-A¢hnÄ¡−pl ¢hou…¢m fË¡dÉeÉ −f−u−Rz
h¡¢SLl−cl −m¡LS£he-−m¡LLb¡l e¡e¡ f¢lQuJ HM¡−e fËL¡n −f−u−Rz g−m
EfeÉ¡p¢V A−eLV¡C B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u−Rz a−h −nofkÑ¿¹ "lý
Q™¡−ml q¡s' B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p e¡ q−u HL¢V SeS¡¢al C¢ahªš q−u h¡wm¡
EfeÉ¡−pl ab¡ p¡¢q−aÉl C¢aq¡−p …l¦aÆf§ZÑ S¡uN¡ L−l ¢e−u−Rz
¢hn na−Ll ¢àa£u¡−dÑ l¢Qa h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl HL¢V AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ
EfeÉ¡p −c−hn l¡−ul "¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹' (1988 ¢MËØV¡ë)z p¡¢qaÉ BL¡−c¢j
f¤lú¡l f¡Ju¡ HC EfeÉ¡p¢V −c−hn l¡u A¢ieh B¢‰−L lQe¡ L−l−Rez
AdÉ¡fL ¢n¢nlL¥j¡l c¡n EfeÉ¡p¢Vl f¢lQu ¢c−a ¢N−u ¢m−M−Re --
""¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹ (1988) −c−hn l¡−ul l¢Qa EfeÉ¡pz 1980 −b−L 87-Hl
j−dÉ Hl ¢h¢iæ fhÑ L−uL¢V f¢œL¡u fËL¡¢na quz h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl ¢hn¡m¡L¡u
EfeÉ¡p…¢ml j−dÉ AeÉaj Hhw Q¢l−œl ASpËa¡u J ¢houhÙ¹l¥ A¢ieh−aÆ
üa¿»z''319 ¢a¢e HC hªqc¡L¡−ll EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ¢houhÙ¹¥l f¢lQu fËc¡e fËp−‰
BlJ h−m−Re -- ""¢aÙ¹¡ec£l aVhaÑ£ A’−ml i¨−N¡m J −pCp−‰ S¢sa
p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤o, ¢h−no L−l L«oL-nË¢jL-jdÉ¢hš pÇfËc¡−ul fË¡aÉ¢qL LjÑS£he,
j¡e¤−o j¡e¤−o ü¡−bÑl à¾à J A¢Ù¹−aÆl pwNË¡−jl S¢Vm j§q¨aÑ…¢m M™ M™
EfL¡¢qe£−a NË¢ba q−u HL jq¡L¡¢hÉL ¢hÙ¹¡l m¡i L−l−Rz''320 AdÉ¡fL
c¡−nl HC E¢š² −b−LC EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mLa¡l C¢‰a −j−mz pj¡−m¡QL
p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul −Q¡−MJ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl üL£ua¡ dl¡ f−s−Rz ¢a¢e EfeÉ¡p¢V

464
pÇf−LÑ S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""C¢aq¡p R¡s¡ pj¡S qu e¡, pj¡S R¡s¡ C¢aq¡p −eC --
−k −L¡−e¡ pS¡N KfeÉ¡¢pL−L HC −h¡d−L ay¡l EfeÉ¡−p Bm¡c¡ L−l hÉhq¡l
Ll−aC quz −c−hn l¡−ul "j¡e¤o M¤e L−l −Le', "¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹' . . . HC
−h¡dc£¢fa EfeÉ¡pz''321 ay¡l Lb¡−aJ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl ¢h−no A’−ml pj¡S J
C¢aq¡p E−W Bp¡l fËp‰ H−p−Rz
HC hªqc¡L¡l EfeÉ¡p¢V KfeÉ¡¢pL −c−hn l¡u e¾cef¤l-−h¡u¡mj¡¢ll
¢ea¡C plL¡l, O¤O¤X¡P¡l BL¥m¤¢Ÿe, h¡e¡lq¡−Vl kj¤e¡ El¡J¢e Hhw N−ulL¡V¡l
l¡hZ Q¾cÊ l¡u−cl EvpNÑ L−l ¢m−M−Re -- ""HC hªš¡¿¹ a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡¢ceC fs−h
e¡, ¢L¿¹¥ ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−l S£h−el fl S£he hy¡Q−hz''322 HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HL¢V
f¢l¢nø Hhw Ru¢V fhÑ B−R -- B¢cfhÑ, hefhÑ, QlfhÑ, hªrfhÑ, ¢j¢RmfhÑ Hhw
A¿¹ÉfhÑz HC fhÑ…¢m ASpË Ef¢n−l¡e¡jk¤š² fhÑ¡‰ ¢e−u N¢Waz HM¡−e −pi¡−h
−aje −L¡−e¡ L¡¢q¢ehªš −eC -- e¡e¡ dl−el j¡e¤oSe Hhw ¢h¢iæ OVe¡ pð¢ma
L−l EfeÉ¡p¢V H¢N−u Q−m−Rz KfeÉ¡¢pL Ešlh−‰l Efl ¢c−u h−u k¡Ju¡
¢aÙ¹¡ ec£l a£lhaÑ£ A’−m hph¡pL¡l£ l¡Shwn£ pÇfËc¡−ul fy¡Q−n¡ hR−ll
C¢aq¡p−L dl−a −Q−u−Rez HM¡−e Nªq£a Hm¡L¡¢V −R¡V -- Ešl-f¢ÕQ−j
L¡¢mÇfw b¡e¡, Ešl-f§−hÑ i¨V¡e, f§−hÑ SmY¡L¡ ec£ −f¢l−u j¡c¡¢lq¡V −f¢l−u
−a¡pÑ¡ ec£, c¢r−Z Smf¡C…¢s nql, h¡−eÑp, S−Òfn, f¢ÕQ−j ¢n¢m…¢s b¡e¡z
HC Hm¡L¡¢V A−eLV¡ ¢h¢µRæ AhÙÛ¡u b¡L−mJ ¢c−e ¢c−e pwk¤š² q−u−Rz a−h
HC pwk¤š²LlZ fË¡L«¢aLi¡−h qu ¢e -- j¡e¤o pwk¤š² L−l−R, j¡e¤−ol ea¥e
fkÑ¡−ul Bd¤¢eLa¡z HC pwk¤š²Ll−Zl hªš¡¿¹C qm ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹z HSeÉ
EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B−m¡Qe¡ L¡−m pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u h−m−Re -- ""¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll
hªš¡¿¹ −kje ¢aÙ¹¡ec£l SmfËh¡−ql hªš¡¿¹, −aj¢e −pC fËh¡q Bl c¤C f¡−ll
S¢jl V¡e¡V¡¢elJ hªš¡¿¹, −pC p−‰ a£−ll j¡e¤o−cl LjÑL¡−™lJ hªš¡¿¹z ¢aÙ¹¡u
hy¡d °a¢l q−µR g−m f−l¡ri¡−h plL¡l£ LjÑL¡−™lJ hªš¡¿¹z HLC p−‰
j¡e¢hL, −i±−N¡¢mL, fË¡L«¢aL Hhw Eæuen£m jq¡L¡™z a−h hy¡d °a¢ll
jq¡L¡−™l A−eLV¡C HM¡−e −ef−bÉz ah¤ fËL«¢a J j¡e¤o HM¡−e HL¡L¡lz''323

465
 EfeÉ¡p¢Vl öl¦ q−u−R ¢aÙ¹¡ a£lhaÑ£ A’−ml œ²¡¢¿¹l q¡−Vl ¢hhlZ
¢c−uz HM¡−e c¤f¤l −b−L ¢h−œ²a¡−cl BNje öl¦ qu Hhw ¢h−L−m q¡V h−pz
KfeÉ¡¢pL f¡a¡l fl f¡a¡ S¥−s q¡−V BNa j¡e¤o…¢ml …”e j¤Ml L¡kÑ¡h¢ml
¢hhlZ ¢c−u−Rez HC q¡−VC mV¡¢lJu¡m¡l j¡C−L −O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ qu −k, −pM¡−e
qmÚL¡ LÉ¡Çf hp−h, −p−Vm−j−¾Vl S¢lf Qm−hz L¡lZ ¢aÙ¹¡l Sm−L Eæu−el
L¡−S m¡N¡−e¡l SeÉ a¡l Efl hÉ¡−lS °a¢l Ll¡ q−hz Hlfl plL¡l£ S¢l−fl
B−u¡Se q−u−Rz g−m HM¡−e S¢lf h¡h¤l¡ Ef¢ÙÛa q−u−Re, plL¡l£ −QCe
f−s−Rz HC S¢lf Efm−r −pM¡−e AeÉ A−e−Ll j−dÉ −p A’−ml −S¡ac¡l
Nu¡e¡b Ef¢ÙÛa q−u−R, S¡j¡C B¢p¢¾cl H−p−R, Bl B¢ch¡p£ B¢du¡l
g−lØV¡lQ¾cÊ h¡O¡l¦ hjÑe −a¡ ph pju Ef¢ÙÛa −b−L−Rz h¡O¡l¦ a¡l e¡j eu,
HL pju −p h¡O −j−l¢Rm h−m −p A’−m "h¡O¡l¦' e¡−j f¢l¢Q¢a −f−u−Rz HC
S¢l−f ¢aÙ¹¡l hy¡d ¢ejÑ¡−Zl SeÉ ec£l jÉ¡f ByL¡ quz a¡C HLV¥ c§−l −p
A’−ml j−‰¡m£u −N¡ù£l j¡e¤oS−el p−‰ B¢ch¡p£l¡ J AeÉ¡eÉ e¡e¡ pÇfËc¡−ul
j¡e¤−ol¡ i£s L−l−Rz H−cl j−dÉ ¢jnË ¢eo¡c −N¡−œl py¡Ja¡m, j¤™¡ fËi«¢a e¡e¡
−N¡ù£l −m¡LSe B−Rz −pM¡−e q¡¢Sl q−u−R pj¡−Sl e¡e¡ Ù¹−ll j¡e¤oSe --
L«oL, jS¥l, −ea¡ ph¡C B−Rz Hl¡ ph¡C Eæu−el SeÉ −nÔ¡N¡e ¢c−u−Rz
Hlfl ¢aÙ¹¡l hÉ¡−lS−L −L¾cÊ L−l −S¡ac¡l Nu¡e¡b, Hj. Hm. H,
¢WL¡c¡l, C¢”¢eu¡l, L«oL, jS¥l−cl S£he f¢lœ²j¡l ¢hhlZ−L p−‰ ¢e−u
EfeÉ¡p¢V H¢N−u −N−Rz Hp−hl j−dÉC C¢aq¡−pl ¢exnë p’lZ B−Rz HC pju
h¡O¡l¦ h¡b¡−e ¢ehÑ¡¢pa AhÙÛ¡u −b−L−Rz EfeÉ¡−pl OVe¡œ²−j HC hÉ¡−lS
°a¢l−L −L¾cÊ L−l c¤C h¡wm¡l p£j¡¿¹ A’−ml Lb¡ J −pM¡eL¡l l¡Se£¢al
fËp‰ H−p−Rz hy¡d ¢ejÑ¡Z−L −L¾cÊ L−l h¡Ù¹¥aÉ¡N£−cl BNje-¢eNÑje−L −cM¡−e¡
q−u−Rz A¢eh¡kÑ i¡−h Eæu−el fËp‰J H−p−Rz k¢cJ p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤−ol L¡−R HC
Eæu−el ül©f Adl¡C −b−L −N−Rz AhnÉ l¡Se£¢a J h¢qÑ¢h−nÄl OVe¡ pj§q
Bl ¢exnë b¡−L ¢ez C¢äu¡-h¡wm¡−cn h¡aÑ¡ ¢h¢ej−ul fËp‰, i¡la£u
−pe¡h¡¢qe£l h¡wm¡−cn A¢ij¤−M L¥QL¡Ju¡Sz c¤C al−gl p£j¡¿¹lr£ h¡¢qe£l
q©cÉa¡f§ZÑ p¡r¡vL¡−ll fËp‰ B−Rz Hp−hl j−dÉ "BC−X¢¾V¢V q¡l¡', "f¢lQu-

466
−M¡u¡−e¡' l¡S£h N¡å£ h¡ Hln¡−cl e¡j e¡-S¡e¡ −p A’−ml HL −j−ul doÑ−Zl
fËp‰ B−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V BlJ H−N¡−m Eæu−el p−‰ p−‰ Bp¡ fËL«¢al iuˆl
−l¡−ol fËp‰ B−Rz g−m l¡a ¢ae−Vl pju BfmQy¡c g−l−ØV Nu¡e¡b
−S¡ac¡l heÉ¡l SmfËh¡q −c−M−Rz ¢aÙ¹¡l Sm A−eL Ql X¥¢h−u ¢c−u ¢cNÚ¢h¢c−L
R¢s−u f−s−Rz œ²−j ¢aÙ¹¡l hÉ¡−lS-¢h−l¡d£ B−¾c¡meJ öl¦ q−u−Rz −pC p−‰
H−p−R EšlM™ NW−el fËp‰z HSeÉ l¡Se£¢al L¡lh¡¢ll¡ h¡O¡l¦−cl ¢e−u
¢j¢Rm −hl L−l g¡uc¡ −m¡V¡l −Qø¡ L−lz ¢L¿¹¥ f¤¢mn-fËn¡p−el p¢œ²ua¡u −pC
B−¾c¡me Aˆ¥−lC ¢heø q−u−Rz a¡C f¤¢m−nl ¢Sf H−p ¢ejÑji¡−h ¢j¢Rm −i−P
¢c−u−Rz
jq¡ pj¡−l¡−q ¢aÙ¹¡ hÉ¡l¡−Sl E−à¡d−el fËp‰ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −n−o H−p−Rz
HSeÉ "Sm¤n'-Hl B−u¡Se Ll¡ quz HC Sm¤o Efm−r ¢fa«-f¢lQuq¡l¡
j¡c¡¢l J a¡l j¡-l fËp‰ KfeÉ¡¢pL HC EfeÉ¡−p H−e−Rez −R¡V j¡c¡¢l−L
HSeÉ Be¾c-Evp¡−q −j−a EW−a −cM¡ k¡uz a¡l −L¡−e¡ ¢fa«f¢lQu −a¡ ¢RmC
e¡, EfeÉ¡−pl −n−o j¡ R¡s¡ q−u −p h¡O¡l¦l L¡−R BnËu ¢e−u−Rz j¡c¢l−L p−‰
¢e−u h¡O¡l¦l −p A’m aÉ¡−Nl ¢hhlZ ¢c−u EfeÉ¡p¢V −no q−uR -- ""h¡O¡l¦
¢aÙ¹¡f¡l J BfmQy¡c −R−s Q−m k¡−µRz j¡c¡¢lJ a¡l p−‰ k¡−µRz −k-L¡l−Z
¢aÙ¹¡f¡l J BfmQy¡−cl n¡mhe Evf¡¢Va q−h -- −pC L¡l−ZC h¡O¡l¦ Evf¡¢Va
q−u −Nmz −k L¡l−Z h¡O¡l¦ Q−m k¡uz a¡l a öd¤ HLV¡ nl£l B−Rz −pC
nl£l HC ea¥e ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−l, ea¥e g−l−ØV hy¡Q−h e¡z HC ec£håe, HC hÉ¡−lS,
−c−nl AbÑe£¢a hc−m −c−h, Evf¡ce h¡s¡−hz h¡O¡l¦l −L¡−e¡ AbÑe£¢a −eCz
h¡O¡l¦l −L¡−e¡ Evf¡ce −eCz h¡O¡l¦ hÉ¡−lS−L, HC AbÑe£¢a J HC Eæue−L
fËaÉ¡MÉ¡e Llmz h¡O¡l¦ ¢LR¥-¢LR¥ Lb¡ hm−a f¡−l h−V ¢L¿¹¥ fËaÉ¡M¡−el i¡o¡
a¡l S¡e¡ −eCz a¡l HLV¡ nl£l B−Rz −pC nl£l ¢c−u −p fËaÉ¡MÉ¡e
Llmz''324 KfeÉ¡¢pL BlJ S¡¢e−u−Re -- "" . . . H-lLj qy¡V−a qy¡V−a kMe
h¡O¡l¦l j−e q−h ea¥e HLV¡ g−lØV, ea¥e HLV¡ ec£ My¥−S −fm, aMe h¡O¡l¦
b¡j−hz −pC ea¥e ec£, ea¥e g−lØVV¡ h¡O¡l¦ HC nl£l ¢c−uC ¢Qe−hz''325

467
 HC EfeÉ¡p¢V öl¦ q−u−R ¢aÙ¹¡u hÉ¡−lS °a¢ll fËp‰ ¢c−uz AdÑ-pj¡ç
AhÙÛ¡u hÉ¡−l−Sl E−Ü¡de−L −L¾cÊ L−lC EfeÉ¡p¢V −no q−u−Rz Hl j¡−T
EfeÉ¡p¢V−a BlJ BpwMÉ ¢hou ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz Hph OVe¡ à¡l¡ KfeÉ¡¢pL
Eæu−el e¡j L−l p¡l¡ i¡l−al Bd¤¢eL L¡−ml LjÑL¡™−L dl−a −Q−u−Rez
pjNË EfeÉ¡p S¥−sC HC ¢aÙ¹¡l hÉ¡−lS °a¢l pwœ²¡¿¹ OVe¡l Aha¡lZ¡ Ll¡
q−mJ EfeÉ¡−pl −nofkÑ¿¹ a¡ pj¡ç qu ¢ez a−h HC hÉ¡−lS °a¢l−L −L¾cÊ
L−l −p A’−m HL ea¥e Bd¤¢eLa¡l Ecu q−u−Rz g−m hý¢hd B−hce ¢e−u
EfeÉ¡p¢V q¡¢Sl q−u−Rz Hp−hl j−dÉC Hl B’¢mLa¡l ¢cL¢VJ fËL¡n
−f−u−Rz
BL¡−l hªqv q−mJ "¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹' EfeÉ¡p¢Vl Nªq£a A’m¢V k−bø
−R¡Vz pj¡−m¡QL p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u S¡¢e−u−Re -- ""−k-−L¡−e¡ ec£l °c−OÑl HL-
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468
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f¢lQu -- −p Nu¡e¡b −S¡ac¡−ll j¤¢eoz EfeÉ¡−pl AeÉ¡eÉ Q¢lœl¡J −pC
A’m¢Vl p¡bÑL fË¢a¢e¢daÆ L−l−Rz Nu¡e¡b −S¡ac¡l, S¡j¡C B¢p¢¾cl, j¡c¡¢l,
Hj. Hm. H, j−‰¡m£u −N¡ù£l −m¡LSe…−m¡, ¢eo¡c −N¡−œl A¿¹i¥Ñš² EfS¡¢a
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p¡j¢NËL S£he¢QœJ fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz g−m a¡−cl S£he-S£¢hL¡, l£¢a-e£¢a,
BQ¡l-BQlZ, ¢hnÄ¡p-pwú¡l, −m¡L¡Q¡l-−m¡LLb¡l fËp‰J H−p−Rz f¡n¡f¡¢n
a¡−cl M¡Ju¡-c¡Ju¡, −f¡n¡L-Bn¡−Ll ¢hhlZJ B−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl B’¢mL
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…l¦aÆf§ZÑ °h¢nøÉz HSeÉ −c−hn l¡−ul "¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹' EfeÉ¡p¢V−a
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ mrZC fËL¡¢na q−u−Rz
a−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−a ¢aÙ¹¡l hÉ¡−lS ¢ejÑ¡Z−L −L¾cÊ L−l Bd¤¢eL i¡lah−oÑ
ab¡ p¡l¡ ¢h−nÄ Eæu−el e¡j L−l −k pLm L¡kÑLm¡f pwO¢Va qu a¡l
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pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢haLÑ¢V−LJ ¢a¢e EpÚ−L ¢c−u−Rez h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉ k¡l p§œf¡a O−V¢Rm
lh£¾cÊe¡b W¡L¥−ll "j¤š²d¡l¡' e¡VL¢Vl jdÉ ¢c−uz Hp−hl f¡n¡f¡¢n Ešlh−‰l
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L−l−Rez g−m ph¢LR¥ ¢j¢m−u EfeÉ¡p¢V jq¡L¡¢hÉL hÉ¡¢ç m¡i L−l h¡wm¡
469
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jq¡L¡hÉdjÑ£ EfeÉ¡p B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−h e¡ -- HLb¡ −L¡b¡J hm¡ qu ¢ez
hlw Hdl−el EfeÉ¡−pl p−‰C B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl −k¡Np§œ −h¢n b¡−Lz a¡C
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EfeÉ¡−pl ¢c−LC H¢N−u −N−Rz
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f¢lœ²j¡ Ahmð−e EfeÉ¡p¢V l¢Qaz ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−h HC EfeÉ¡p¢V−a jdÉfË−c−nl
¢flb¡ e¡jL NË¡j¢Vl −pC ¢h−no A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oS−el h¡Ù¹h R¢h
E−W H−p−Rz H…¢m B’¢mLa¡l mrZz
…Zju j¡æ¡l "j¤−V' (1992 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V −j¢ce£f¤−l O¡V¡m
h¡S¡l−L fVi¨¢j L−l −mM¡z I h¡S¡−ll j¤−V p¤¤d£l py¡al¡ HC EfeÉ¡−pl
e¡uLz a¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l j¤−V−cl S£h−el −fn¡Na e¡e¡ ¢cL HC EfeÉ¡−p E−W
H−p−Rz −pCp−‰ O¡V¡m h¡S¡−ll h¡Ù¹h R¢hJ EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz p¤¤d£−ll −R−m
fËh£l−L −L¾cÊ L−l ¢qwp¡aÈL l¡Se£¢al fËp‰J HC EfeÉ¡−p B−Rz −R−ml
j‰m L¡je¡u p¤¤d£l ¢n−hl N¡S−e "i−š²' quz HC OVe¡−L −L¾cÊ L−l I
A’−ml N¡Se Evp−hl R¢hJ fËL¡n −f−u−Rz a−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−a B’¢mL
l©f¢Q−œl −Q−u hÉ¢š²S£h−el Lb¡C −h¢n fË¡d¡eÉ −f−u−Rz a¡C B’¢mL fVi¨¢j
b¡L−mJ "j¤−V' −ajei¡−h B’¢mLa¡l mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u J−W ¢ez
iN£lb ¢j−nËl "Q¡lZi¨¢j' (1994 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V−a "iLa'−cl
S£he L¡¢q¢e f¢l−h¢na q−u−Rz Hl¡ −is¡ Q−l¡u¡ h¡ −i¢sq¡l e¡−jJ f¢l¢Qaz
HC EfeÉ¡−p ¢e−S−cl −f−Vl i¡a −k¡N¡−e¡l SeÉ Hhw jq¡Se−cl GZ −n¡d
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470
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A¢i‘a¡J ASÑe L−lz
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AhÙÛ¡e J fËL«¢al f¡n¡f¡¢n B’¢mLa¡l ¢cL¢VJ ÙÛ¡e −f−u−Rz HC
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c¡−q¡ iLa, f¢ce¡ iLa, ¢ho¢j iLa fËj¤−Ml¡z H−cl j−dÉ j¤ep£ iLa
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−i¢sq¡l S£h−el p¤¤M-c¤xM, l£¢a-e£¢a, pwú¡l-¢hnÄ¡p, M¡Ju¡-c¡Ju¡, −f¡n¡L-
f¢lµRc, ¢eSü i¡o¡i‰£ fËi«¢a phC E−W H−p−Rz g−m EfeÉ¡p¢V−a HL
dl−el "B’¢mL lPÚ'-J fËL¡n −f−u−Rz a−h iN£lb ¢j−nËl "Q¡lZi¨¢j'
B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p q−u J−W ¢e -- B’¢mLa¡l fVi¨¢jL¡u HL dl−el hª¢šS£h£
j¡e¤−ol S£he f¢lœ²j¡l h¡Ù¹h c¢mm q−u E°W−Rz
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fËL¡¢na quz EfeÉ¡p¢V fËL¡¢na qJu¡l fl f¡WL−cl e¡e¡ i¡−h BLoÑZ
L−lz EfeÉ¡p¢Vl i¨¢jL¡ Aw−n −mM¡ q−u−R -- ""HC L¡¢qe£l pjuL¡m 1985-
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330
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a¥m−a f¡l−m a¡l¡ LaV¡ iu¡eL q−u EW−a f¡−l a¡l R¢h HC EfeÉ¡−p
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fup¡u NË¡−jl −m¡L−cl ¢Q¢Lvp¡ Ll¡ öl¦ L−lz HV¡C NË¡−jl j¤¢Mu¡ J j¡¢T
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LmL¡a¡l −R−m Amš²L py¡Ja¡m−cl HC S£heQk¡Ñ M¤h L¡R −b−L fkÑ−hrZ
L−l¢Rmz a¡C Hp. ¢X. J. p¡−q−hl p−‰ Bm¡fQ¡¢la¡u a¡−L hm−a −n¡e¡ k¡u
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c¤-Q¡l−V hC−u fs¡, ¢L ¢p−ej¡u −cM¡ Q¢lœz ¢L¿¹¥ HM¡−e H−p h¤T−a f¡lm¡j,
J−cl S£he Bj¡−cl −b−L H−Lh¡−lC AeÉlLjz Jl¡ L¡mQ¡l¡¢m LaV¡ ¢lQÚ a¡
i¡h−a f¡l−he e¡z J−cl S£he fl−h-e¡−Q-N¡−e Ja−fË¡a q−u B−Rz Jl¡
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HC EfeÉ¡−p KfeÉ¡¢pL fËQ¥l B¢ch¡p£ Q¢lœ pª¢ø L−l−Rez pe¡ae
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Ll−a ¢N−u "h¡q¡' Evph J ¢h−ul ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ B−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V−a pl¡p¢l
py¡Ja¡¢m i¡o¡l pwm¡f e¡ b¡L−mJ B¢ch¡p£ j¡e¤o…¢ml Lb¡-h¡aÑ¡u KfeÉ¡¢pL
fËQ¥l py¡Ja¡¢m në hÉhq¡l L−l−Rez AhnÉ f¡W−Ll k¡−a h¤T−a Ap¤¤¢hd¡ e¡
qu, −pSeÉ ¢a¢e H…¢ml h¡wm¡ AbÑJ L−l ¢c−u−Rez EfeÉ¡p¢V−a fËQ¥l
py¡Ja¡¢m i¡o¡u fËQ¥l B¢ch¡p£ N¡−el f¢lQuJ B−Rz
HCi¡−h EfeÉ¡p¢V−a T¡sNË¡j A’−ml B¢ch¡p£ AdÉ¥¢oa NË¡jS£h−el
ýhý h¡Ù¹h R¢h fËL¡n −f−u−Rz EfeÉ¡p¢V h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl k−bø Se¢fËu
EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−hJ ü£L«az H−L −L¾cÊ L−l pgm ¢p−ej¡J °a¢l q−u−Rz
EfeÉ¡p¢V f¡W L−l −k −LE B¢ch¡p£ AdÉ¥¢oa j§m Sepj¡S ¢h¢µRæ −pC
A’m¢Vl ¢hÙ¹¡¢la ¢hhlZ −f−u k¡uz g−m f¡W−Ll Ah−Qae j−e "B’¢mL
lP' p’¡¢la q−u k¡uz Hi¡−h HM¡−e B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl fË¡u pjÙ¹ °h¢nøÉ
f¢lm¢ra quz AhnÉ EfeÉ¡p¢Vl −no ¢c−L l¡Se£¢al Ae¤fË−hn ¢LR¥V¡ q−mJ
Hl B’¢mLa¡u hÉ¡O¡a O¢V−u−Rz a−h ph¢cL ¢hQ¡−l afe h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡−ul
"jýmhe£l −p−lU' EfeÉ¡p¢V−L HL¢V pgm B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p ¢q−p−hC
¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡ k¡uz
"hÉ¡dM™' (1997 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡p¢V fË¡Q£eL¡m −b−L heS‰−m
hph¡pL¡l£ hÉ¡d J nhl−cl S£he L¡¢q¢e Ahmð−e l¢Qaz p¡j¿¹a¡¢¿»L −n¡oZ
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¢MËØV¡ë), "jd¤Ll' (1989 ¢MËØV¡ë) J "l¢pL' (1991 ¢MËØV¡ë) EfeÉ¡−p
f¤l¦¢mu¡l NË¡j¡’−ml S£he¢Qœ E−W H−p−Rz A¢em Os¡C (1957 ¢MËx -- )
−j¢ce£f¤−ll HNl¡ A’−m SeÈ¡−mJ ay¡l h¡mÉ J °L−n¡−ll A−eLV¡C
A¢ah¡¢qa qu ec£u¡ −Sm¡l L¡m£N−” L¡V¡u ¢a¢e −j¢ce£f¤l J ec£u¡ −Sm¡l
NË¡j’m−L ¢a¢e i¡−m¡i¡−hC ¢Q−e¢R−mez HR¡s¡J f¤l¦¢mu¡ J py¡Ja¡m flNZ¡u
c£OÑ¢ce O¤−l¢R−mez HC −O¡l¡l p¤¤h¡−cC ¢a¢e HC pjÙ¹ −Sm¡l AaÉ¿¹ fËaÉ¿¹
A’m Hhw −pM¡eL¡l j¡e¤oSe pÇf−LÑ e¡e¡ A¢i‘a¡ m¡i L−lez EfeÉ¡p
−mM¡l pju ay¡l HC A¢i‘a¡…¢m AaÉ¿¹ L¡−S −m−N−Rz g−m ay¡l A−eL
EfeÉ¡−p j§m Sepj¡−Sl j−dÉ Ah¢ÙÛa q−u e¡e¡ L¡l−Z üa¿» −L¡−e¡ A’m
Hhw −pM¡eL¡l Sepj¡−Sl S£heQkÑ¡ E−W H−p EfeÉ¡p…¢m B’¢mL EfeÉ¡−pl
mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u−Rz ¢hn na−L l¢Qa ay¡l HC dl−el c¤'¢V EfeÉ¡p fËL¡¢na
q−u−R -- "e¤eh¡¢s' (1989 ¢MËx) Hhw "heh¡p£' (1989 ¢MËx)z HC EfeÉ¡p
c¤'¢V−a NË¡jS£h−el Lb¡ E−W H−p−Rz g−m HC EfeÉ¡p…¢m A−eLV¡C
B’¢mLa¡l mrZ¡œ²¡¿¹ q−u−Rz

E−õMf”£

1z e¡l¡uZ N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡u lQe¡hm£ (Qa¥bÑ M™) : pÇf¡ce¡ - Bn¡ −ch£ J A¢l¢Sv N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, ¢àa£u j¤âZ,
ANËq¡uZ 1390, ¢jœ J −O¡o f¡h¢mn¡pÑ fË¡x ¢mx, LmL¡a¡, fª 379
2z a−ch, fª 176
3z a−ch, fª 176
4z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡ : nË£L¥j¡l h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, f¤ej¤âÑZ : 2004-2005, jX¡ZÑ h¤L H−S¾p£ fË¡C−iV
¢m¢j−VX, LmL¡a¡, fª 626
5z e¡l¡uZ N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡u lQe¡hm£ (¢àa£u M™) : pÇf¡ce¡ - Bn¡ −ch£ J A¢l¢Sv N−‰¡f¡dÉ¡u, a«a£u j¤âZ,
j¡O 1397, ¢jœ J −O¡o f¡h¢mn¡pÑ fË¡x ¢mx, LmL¡a¡, fª 139
6z a−ch, fª 140
7z h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£ : ¢n¢nlL¥j¡l c¡n (pwLme J pÇf¡ce¡), fËbj fËL¡n : −ghËu¥ ¡l£ 2003, ¢àa£u j¤âZ
BNØV 2010, p¡¢qaÉ pwpc, LmL¡a¡, fª 162
8z SmS‰m : j−e¡S hp¤¤, ea¥e j¤âZ -- nË¡hZ, 1415, −h‰m f¡h¢mn¡pÑ (fËx) ¢m¢j−VX, LmL¡a¡, "−mM−Ll
i¡o¡u' Awnz
9z a−ch, a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u−L p−ð¡de L−l 1m¡ L¡¢šÑL, 1358 −a −mM¡ j−e¡S hp¤l¤ hš²hÉz
10z a−ch, fª 5
11z a−ch, fª 23
12z a−ch, fª 5

475
13z a−ch, fª 5
14z a−ch, fª 7
15z a−ch, fª 5-6
16z a−ch, fª 115
17z a−ch, fª 23
18z a−ch, fª 57
19z a−ch, fª 116
20z a−ch, fª 63
21z a−ch, fª 13
22z a−ch, fª 10
23z a−ch, fª 74
24z a−ch, fª 10
25z a−ch, fª 112
26z a−ch, fª 5
27z a−ch, fª 65
28z a−ch, fª 65
29z a−ch, fª 65
30z a−ch, fª 68
31z a−ch, fª 56
32z a−ch, fª 57
33z a−ch, fª 27
34z a−ch, fª 47
35z h‰p¡¢qaÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 537
36 z h¡P¡¢ml C¢aq¡p : X. e£q¡ll”e l¡u, a«a£u j¤âZ, ¢eE HS f¡h¢mn¡pÑ fË¡E−iV ¢m¢j−VX, LmL¡a¡,
1356 h‰¡ë, fª 466
37z lQe¡hm£ (cnj M™) : a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, ehj j¤âZ, °SÉù 1418, ¢jœ J −O¡o f¡h¢mn¡pÑ fË¡x
¢mx, LmL¡a¡, fª 364
38z a−ch, fª 383
39z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l, fª 578
40z h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£, fª 114
41z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 578
42z e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£ : a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, Aøj j¤âZ : H¢fËm 2013, fËL¡n ihe, LmL¡a¡, fª 5
43z a−ch, fª 6
44z a−ch, fª 8-9
45z a−ch, fª 14
46z a−ch, fª 15-16
47z a−ch, fª 27
48z a−ch, fª 98-99
49z a−ch, fª 151
50z a−ch, fª 12-13
51z a−ch, fª 87
52z a−ch, fª 14
53z a−ch, fª 49
54z a−ch, fª 11
55z a−ch, fª 14-15
56z a−ch, fª 15
57z a−ch, fª 33-34
58z a−ch, fª 37
59z a−ch, fª 17
60z a−ch, fª 47
61z a−ch, fª 46
62z a−ch, fª 77
63z h‰p¡¢qaÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 578
64z e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£, fª 83
65z a−ch, fª 28

476
66z a−ch, fª 7-8
67z a−ch, fª 29
68z a−ch, fª 29
69z a−ch, fª 152
70z a−ch, fª 65-66
71z a−ch, fª 9
72z a−ch, fª 19
73z a−ch, fª 61
74z a−ch, fª 96
75z a−ch, fª 14
76z a−ch, fª 15
77z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 579
78z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l : p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, f’j pwúlZ : e−iðl 2003, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw,
LmL¡a¡, fª 253
79z a¡lnˆl A−eÄo¡ : pÇf¡ce¡ p−l¡Sh−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, fËbj fËL¡n : hC−jm¡ 28 S¡e¤u¡l£ 1987, lj¡
fËL¡ne£, LmL¡a¡, NË−¿Ûl …Zju j¡æ¡l "a¡l¡nˆ−ll e¡¢Ne£ LeÉ¡l L¡¢qe£' fËhå, fª 54
80z a¡l¡nˆl p¡¢qaÉ pj£r¡ : −N±l−j¡qe l¡u, fËbj fËL¡n : e−iðl 1994, ANËq¡uZ 1401, p¡¢qaÉnË£,
LmL¡a¡, fª 175
81z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 570
82z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡ : Al¦ZL¥j¡l j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u, f’j pwúlZ : °hn¡M 1417, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw, LmL¡a¡, fª
44
83z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl C¢aq¡p (Qa¥bÑ Mä) : −rœ …ç, ¢àa£u fËL¡n 28 −n S¡e¤u¡l£, 2008, NË¿Û¢emu,
LmL¡a¡, fª 129
84z B−l¡NÉ ¢e−Lae : a¡l¡nˆl h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, pçcn j¤âZ : °SÉù 1410, fËL¡n ihe, LmL¡a¡, fª 6-8
85z a−ch, fª 28
86z a−ch, fª 11
87z a−ch, fª 35-36
88z a−ch, fª 138
89z a−ch, fª 7-8
90z a−ch, fª 24
91z a−ch, fª 25
92z a−ch, fª 135
93z a−ch, fª 129
94z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 765
95z pwpc h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp, LmL¡a¡, fª 93
96z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡ : p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u, ¢àa£u pwúlZ, BNØV 2009, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw,
LmL¡a¡, fª 310
97z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l : p−l¡S h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, f’j pwúlZ : e−iðl 2003, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw,
LmL¡a¡, fª 321
98z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 767-768
99z ¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j : A°àa jõhjÑZ, Aø¡cn fËL¡n : −f±o 1411, f¤¢bOl, LmL¡a¡, i¨¢jL¡
Awn, fª 1-4
100z a−ch, fª 180
101z a−ch (fª 13)
102z a−ch, fª 14
103z a−ch, fª 33
104z a−ch, fª 41
105z a−ch, fª 26
106z a−ch, fª 78
107z a−ch, fª 58
108z a−ch, fª 300
109z a−ch, fª 223
110z a−ch, fª 20
111z a−ch, fª 24-25
112z a−ch, fª 31

477
113z a−ch, fª 62
114z a−ch, fª 37-38
115z a−ch, fª 280
116z a−ch, fª 38
117z a−ch, fª 109
118z a−ch, fª 335-336
119z a−ch, fª 48
120z a−ch, fª 119
121z a−ch, fª 40
122z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 322
123z ¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j, fª 33
124z a−ch, fª 33-34
125z a−ch, fª 63
126z a−ch, fª 143
127z a−ch, fª 151-152
128z a−ch, fª 241
129z a−ch, fª 244-245
130z a−ch, fª 33
131z a−ch, fª 77
132z a−ch, fª 103
133z a−ch, fª 315
134z a−ch, fª 324
135z a−ch, fª 327
136z a−ch, fª 340
137z a−ch, fª 350
138z a−ch, fª 52-53
139z a−ch, fª 44
140z a−ch, fª 62
141z a−ch, fª 35-36
142z a−ch, fª 37
143z a−ch, fª 42
144z a−ch, fª 63
145z a−ch, fª 54
146z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡, fª 310-311
147z ¢aa¡p HL¢V ec£l e¡j, fª 35
148z a−ch, fª 43
149z a−ch, fª 70
150z a−ch, fª 70
151z a−ch, fª 85
152z a−ch, fª 85
153z a−ch, fª 242
154z A−m¡L l¡−ul "p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ' NË−¿Ûl c¤NÑ¡nˆl j¤−M¡f¡dÉ¡u l¢Qa "B’¢mL EfeÉ¡p' Awn,
a«a£u pwúlZ : BNØV 2002, p¡¢qaÉ−m¡L, fª 5-6
155z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 246
156z h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£, fª 61
157z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 321
158z p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ, fª 5
159z EfeÉ¡−pl Lb¡ : −ch£fc i–¡Q¡kÑ, f¢lh¢aÑa J f¢lj¡¢SÑa −c'S pwúlZ : ¢X−pðl 2003, −c'S,
LmL¡a¡ fª 183
160z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 246
161z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l, fªù¡ 321z
162z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡, fª 255
163z a−ch, fª 255
164z N‰¡ : pj−ln hp¤¤, pçj j¤âZ : BNØV 2011, −j±p¤¢¤ j fËL¡ne£, LmL¡a¡, "i¨¢jL¡' Awn

478
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166z a−ch, fª 1
167z a−ch, fª 2
168z a−ch, fª 3
169z h¡wm¡ p¡¢q−aÉl e¡e¡l©f : öÜüšÄ hp¤¤, où j¤âZ, nË¡he 1410, ¢hnÄ¡p h¤L ØVm, LmL¡a¡, fª 143
170z N‰¡, fª 13
171z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 322
172z p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ, fª 6
173z N‰¡, fª 36
174z a−ch, fª 4
175z a−ch, fª 6
176z a−ch, fª 5
177z a−ch, fª 37-38
178z a−ch, fª 15
179z a−ch, fª 3
180z a−ch, fª 26
181z a−ch, fª 116
182z a−ch, fª 138
183z a−ch, fª 140-141
184z a−ch, fª 166
185z a−ch, fª 168
186z a−ch, fª 176
187z a−ch, fª 4
188z a−ch, fª 6
189z a−ch, fª 8
190z a−ch, fª 25
191z a−ch, fª 26-27
192z a−ch, fª 61
193z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 768
194z N‰¡, fª 167
195z a−ch, fª 66)
196z a−ch, fª 126
197z a−ch, fª 109
198z a−ch, fª 188
199z a−ch, fª 188
200z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 770
201z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 323
202z f§hÑf¡hÑa£ : fËgõ¥ l¡u, f’j l¡S pwúlZ : j¡O 1415, S¡e¤u¡l£ 2009, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw, LmL¡a¡,
−mM−Ll Lb¡ Awn
203z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 773
204z f§hÑf¡hÑa£, −mM−−Ll Lb¡
205z pwpc h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£, fª 128
206z f§hÑf¡hÑa£, −fR−el jm¡V
207z a−ch, fª 288
208z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 773
209z p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ, fª 6
210z f§hÑf¡hÑa£, fª 9
211z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 209
212z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 775
213z f§hÑf¡hÑa£, fª 15
214z a−ch, fª 15-16
215z a−ch, fª 223
216z a−ch, fª 11
217z a−ch, fª 22
218z a−ch, fª 19-20

479
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220z a−ch, fª 226
221z a−ch, fª 31
222z a−ch, fª 33
223z a−ch, fª 88
224z a−ch, fª 115
225z a−ch, fª 116
226z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 775-776
227z f§hÑf¡hÑa£, fª 225
228z a−ch, fª 18
229z a−ch, fª 119
230z a−ch, fª 269
231z a−ch, fª 52
232z a−ch, fª 66-67
233z a−ch, fª 66
234z a−ch, fª 63-64
235z a−ch, fª 46
236z a−ch, fª 86
237z a−ch, fª 87
238z a−ch, fª 94-95
239z a−ch, fª 92
240z a−ch, fª 75
241z a−ch, fª 27
242z a−ch, fª 10
243z a−ch, fª 68
244z a−ch, fª 187
245z a−ch, fª 15
246z a−ch, fª 34-35
247z a−ch, fª 76
248z a−ch, fª 32-33
249z a−ch, fª 63
250z a−ch, fª 57
251z a−ch, fª 186
252z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 776
253z a−ch, fª 773-774
254z a−ch, fª 773
255z pwpc h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp, fª 16
256z a−ch, fª 62
257z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 756
258z Bd¤¢eLa¡ J h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p : AnËL ¥ j¥ ¡l ¢pLc¡l, Qa¥bÑ pwúlZ : ANËq¡uZ 1415 e−iðl 2005,
Al¦Z¡ fËL¡ne£, LmL¡a¡, fª 261
259z a−ch, fª 261
260z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 759
261z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡, fª 252
262z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p fËaÉ¡n¡ J fË¡¢ç : A−m¡L l¡u, f¢lh¢dÑa ¢àa£u pwúlZ : ¢X−pðl 2009, Arl
fËL¡ne£, LmL¡a¡, fª 256
262z Ns nË£M™ : A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l, ¢àa£u pwúlZ : S¡e¤u¡l£ 2010, j¡O 1416, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw,
LmL¡a¡, fª 62
264z Bd¤¢eLa¡ J h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p, fª 260
265z Ns nË£M™, fª 15
266z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 46
267z Ns nË£M™, fª 14
268z a−ch, fª 146
269z a−ch, fª 253
270z a−ch, fª 354

480
271z a−ch, fª 391-392
272z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 332
273z Bd¤¢eLa¡ J h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p, fª 257
274z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 663
275z a−ch, fª 662
276z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 246
277z p¡¢qaÉ−L¡o : Lb¡p¡¢qaÉ, fª 6
278z p¤¤−h¡d −O¡o lQe¡ pjNË (3) : pÇf¡ce¡ Ešj −O¡o J pj£lL¥j¡l l¡u, fËbj fËL¡n j¡O 1404
S¡e¤u¡l£ 1999, e¡b hË¡c¡pÑ, LmL¡a¡, fª 118
279z a−ch, fª 120
280z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 246
281z p¤¤−h¡d −O¡o lQe¡ pjNË (3), fª 118
282z a−ch, fª 118
283z a−ch, fª 118
284z a−ch, fª 143
285z a−ch, fª 402
286z a−ch, fª 191
287z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 246
288z p¤¤−h¡d −O¡o lQe¡ pjNË (3), fª 118
289z a−ch, fª 127
290z a−ch, fª 248
291z a−ch, fª 248
292z a−ch, fª 125
293z a−ch, fª 124
294z h‰ p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 662
295z a−ch, fª 776
296z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 332
297z pwpc h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£, fª 74
298z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−pl C¢aq¡p (où M™), fª 245-246
299z a−ch, fª 246
300z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 713
301z he −L−V hpa : j−e¡S hp¤¤, ea¥e j¤âZ : ANËq¡uZ, 1415, −h‰m f¡h¢mn¡pÑ (fË¡x) ¢m¢j−VX,
LmL¡a¡, fª 240
302z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 636
303z a−ch, fª 636
304z a−ch, fª 635-636
305z he −L−V hpa, fª f¢lQu Awn
306z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 761
307z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 158
308z a−ch, fª 247
309z h‰p¡¢q−aÉ EfeÉ¡−pl d¡l¡, fª 816
310z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 196-197
311z a−ch, fª 193
312z −Lu¡f¡a¡l −e±−L¡ : fËgõ¥ l¡u, fËbj AM™ fËL¡n : LmL¡a¡ hC−jm¡ 2003, cnj AM™ pwúlZ :
−ghË¥u¡¢l 2013, Ll¦Z¡ fËL¡ne£, LmL¡a¡, EfeÉ¡−pl f˵Rc
313z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 233-234
314z a−ch, fª 280
315z ¢hou : h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p (pw−k¡Se M™) L¡−ml cfÑ−Z pj¡−Sl fË¢a¢hð : h£−l¾cÊ Q¾c (pÇf¡¢ca),
NË−¿Ûl p¤¤¢ja¡ Qœ²haÑ£l "n¡mh¢e : AlZÉ-j¡e¤o-l¡Se£¢a' fËhå, fËbj fËL¡n : S¡e¤u¡l£ 2004, EšldÆ¢e,
LmL¡a¡, fª 323
316z lQe¡ pjNË (où M™) : A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l, fËbj fËL¡n : S¥e 2008, Bo¡t 1415, −c'S
f¡h¢m¢nw, LmL¡a¡, fª 240
317z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡, fª 255
318z lQe¡ pjNË (où M™) : A¢jui¨oZ jS¥jc¡l, fª 282

481
319z pwpc h¡wm¡ p¡¢qaÉp‰£, fª 94
320z a−ch, fª 94
321z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡−p L¡m¡¿¹l, fª 346
322z ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹ : −c−hn l¡u, Qa¥cÑn pwúlZ : S¡e¤u¡¢l 2008, j¡O 1414, −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw,
LmL¡a¡, EvpNÑ Awn
323z h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p J a¡l Bd¤¢eLa¡ : p−aɾcÊe¡b l¡u, fª 320
324z ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹, fª 504
325z a−ch, fª 504
326z Bd¤¢eLa¡ J h¡wm¡ EfeÉ¡p, fª 320
327z L¡−ml fË¢aj¡, fª 341
328z ¢aÙ¹¡f¡−ll hªš¡¿¹, fª 97
329z a−ch, fª 343
330z jýmhe£l −p−lU : afe h−¾cÉ¡f¡dÉ¡u, fËbj fËL¡n : L¢mL¡a¡ f¤Ù¹L−jm¡ S¡e¤u¡¢l 1995, j¡O
1401 −c'S f¡h¢m¢nw, LmL¡a¡, i¨¢jL¡ Awn
331z a−ch, fª 9
332z a−ch, fª 148
333z a−ch, fª 42

482