saxelmZRvanelo

sasamarTlo
unar-CvevebSi

gamomcemloba „meridiani“
Tbilisi 2012
 2010 wlis 1 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos axali sisxlis `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic qmnis SejibrebiTobis principze da- ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis
fuZnebul sistemas. did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs: amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis elCs jon bass. aseve: rob buns, qorin smits, irina parSikovas,
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
kristi kontakts, profesor Tomas r. okonors, maik terners, sesil s. kuhnes
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo de-
III, mark kamerons, lora malenass, jared kimbols, devid devilerss, dana
partamentis saxelmwifo antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis
soiers-fordams, nata wonoriaSvils, gvanca saurs, skot torfs, kim terners,
saerTaSoriso biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT exmareba
judiT kembels, reiCel holcmans, stein lordss, Tia Svarcmans, jon rapings,
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyo-
faSi da sxva programebis paralelurad, axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso stiven lubets, skot barnss, aSS erovnul saolqo prokurorTa asociacias,
kodeqsze dayrdnobiT, axorcielebs specialur programas sasamarTlo unar- kolumbiis olqis iuridiuli daxmarebis ofiss, denis merfs, niu iorkis
CvevebSi saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebisTvis. iuridiuli damxmarebis sazogadoebas, Stefan renCs, jefri Ti. frederiks,
amerikis samarTlis instituts da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kan- departamentis saxelmwifo antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis
onis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis saerTaSoriso biuros (INL).
SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saxelmwifo antinarkotiku-
li da samarTaldacviTi programebis saerTaSoriso biuros (INL) teqnikuri da ronald uolfsoni
finansuri mxardaWeriT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia iuridiuli `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI)
fakultetebis profesor-maswavleblebisa da studentebisaTvis. saqarTvelos samxareo direqtori
saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna Ses-
aZlebeli gaxda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis inicia-
tiva~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis TanamSromleTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da
Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT. saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli daxmarebisaT-
vis did madlobas vuxdiT amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromlebs:

mamuka mamacaSvils (sisxlis samarTlis programis xelmZRvaneli);

medea maTiaSvils (ufrosi iuristi);
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis
ana lorias (iuristi);
uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli
giorgi amaSukels (iuristi);
daviT ebraliZes (iuristi); Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saxelmwifo antinarkotikuli da samarTal-
Tea WeliZes (finansuri menejeri); dacviTi programebis saerTaSoriso biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWe-
maka cinaZes (programis TanaSemwe); riT. saxelmZRvanelo ar gamoxatavs `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaeso-
lali RvalaZes (programis TanaSemwe); bis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
daviT saceraZes (informaciuli teqnologiebis specialisti); saxelmwifo departamentis saxelmwifo antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi pro-
mirian CixlaZes (mZRoli); gramebis saerTaSoriso biuros (INL) mosazrebebs.
TinaTin jamaspiSvils (mTargmneli);
deniel lindharts (specialisti).

© avtorTa jgufi
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

ISBN 978-9941-10-484-8

3
 In October 1, 2010 Georgia’s new Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) took
effect. The Code creates a new adversarial system.
The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in
Georgia with assistance and funding provided by the United States Department
of State Bureau for Law Enforcement and Narcotics Affairs (INL) is working to
help the citizens of Georgia have access to Justice under the new law and among
its other programs has created a program for numerous universities in Georgia
in trial skills based on the new Criminal Procedure Code.
This Text Book was created by ABA ROLI Georgia with funding from The
Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United
States Department of State (INL) for the use of Law Professors and Students.
To the extent reasonably possible at the time of its printing, Georgian law and
practice has been taken into consideration. The materials in this Text Book have
been edited and modified by the ABA ROLI Georgia for translation into the
Georgian Language.
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks the following persons and organizations
for helping to make this Text Book possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia
John R. Bass, Rob Boone, Corinne Smith, Irina Parshikova, Kristi Kontak, Dr.
Thomas R. O’Connor, Mike Turner, Cecil C. Kuhne III, Mark Cameron, Laura
Malenas, Jared Kimball, David DeVillers, Dana Sawyers-Fordham, Nata Tsno-
riashvili, Gvantsa Sauri, Scott Thorpe, Kim Turner, Judith Campbell, Rachel
Holtzman, Stein Lourdes, Tia Schwartzman Jon Rapping Steven Lubet, Scott
Burns, The National District Attorneys Association, The California District At-
torneys Association, The Public Defender’s Office of the District of Columbia,
Dennis Murphy, the Legal Aid Society of New York, Stephen Rench, Jeffrey T.
Frederick, American Law Institute and The Bureau for International Narcotics
and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).
Ronald A. Wolfson
Country Director, American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative,
Georgia

This Text Book was assembled, edited or created by the dedicated staff
members of ABA ROLI Georgia who worked diligently and long hours to cre-
ate it. This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law
Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) Georgia through support and funds provided by
the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United
Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Supervising Senior Staff Attorney States Department of State (INL). There are no opinions of American Bar Associa-
Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney tion Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) or the Bureau for International
Ana Loria, Staff Attorney Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State
George Amashukeli, Staff Attorney, (INL) contained herein.
David Ebralidze, Staff Attorney
Tea Chelidze, Office/Financial Manager
Maka Tsinadze, Program Assistant
Lali Ghvaladze, Program Assistant
David Satseradze, Information Technology Specialist
Mirian Chikhladze, Driver
Tinatin Jamaspishvili, Translator
Daniel Linhardt, Legal Specialist

4 5
 `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis deniel linhardts. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi momzadebulia deniel lin-
hardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis
iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos
ofisis mier.
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis iuridiuli daxmarebis saswavlo
centris samxreTis ofisis warmomadgenels b-n jon repings, winamdebare qveTav-
Si gamoyenebuli masalis mowodebisaTvis (statia: `faqtebis breinsTormingi,
saqmis Teoriis SemuSaveba da ambis Camoyalibeba sasamarTlo procesze efeq-
turi prezentaciisTvis~).
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s da b-n. stiven lu-
bets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo advo-
katireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis. wigni gamocemulia
samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis erovnuli institutis
mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi SeniSvnebi.
`amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis ne-
barTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas. redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia
`amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI)
saqarTvelos ofisis mier qarTul enaze.
nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCeva _ `SerCevis sxdoma da nafici
msajulebis SerCeva~ Sesworda da qarTul enaze iTargmna `amerikis iuristTa
asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis
mier saqarTveloSi moRvawe advokatebisaTvis. teqsti amoRebulia amerikis
iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan `SerCe-
vis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.
2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa
asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis
mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias, (aSS.
2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis
teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis ga-
reSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:
copyright@abanet.org
6 7
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis jefri T. frederiks. nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis
kiTxvebi amoRebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T.
frederikis wignidan `SerCevis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis
iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmanis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-
kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauS-
vebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-
kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis
werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis jon repings. klientis gamokiTxva _ statia: klientTan urTierTobis
damyareba, avtori jon repingi. iuridiuli daxmarebis saswavlo centris
samxreTis ofisi; iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris saswavlo programebis
(centris) yofili direqtori (kolumbiis olqi), niu orleansi, jorjiis
Stati. gamoynebulia jon repingis nebarTviT, `amerikis iuristTa asociacia
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier ganx-
orcielebuli SesworebebiTa da TargmniT.
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis amerikis samarTlis instituts. klientis gamokiTxvisaTvis gamosayene-
beli kiTxvebis sakontrolo CamonaTvalis gamoyenebis uflebis miniWebisaTvis
madlobas vuxdiT amerikis samarTlis instituts. teqstis Sesworeba da qar-
Tul enaze Targmna uzrunvelyo `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenae-
sobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisma.
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis sesil kuhne III-s. mocemuli masala gamoyenebulia sesil kuhne III-s
(Cecil C. Kuhne III) saxelmZRvanelodan „procesis monawileTa saxelmZRvanelo
eqsperti mowmeebis Taobaze, `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro ufle-
ba, 2006. es masalebi gamoyenebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro
uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis nebarTviT, misamarTi: copyright@
abanet.org. igi Seiqmna pirvelwyaros redaqtirebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad,
qarTul kanonmdeblobasa da praqtikasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad da
qarTulad TargmanisTvis amerikis iuristTa asociaciis (ABA ROLI) mier
da es cvlilebebi ar asaxavs pirvelwyaros avtoris, sesil kuhne III-is da
arc amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mosazrebebs. winamdebare masala momzadda
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis narkotikebisa da
samarTaldamcavi organoebis sakiTxTa biuros (INL) dafinansebiT.
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis peter m. Tiersmans. nafic msajulTa instruqciebis momzadeba _ re-
daqtireba da Targmna ganaxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis
uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. warmodgenili
teqsti pirvelad daibeWda samarTlebrivi weris JurnalSi `sqraibs~ da qarTu-
lad Targmnis Semdeg gamoica `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaeso-
bis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. teqstis avtoria peter
m. Tiersmani da misi Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa `nafic msajulebTan urTier-
Toba: rogor SevadginoT nafic msajulebisaTvis martivad gasagebi miTiTebebi~,
Statis sasamarTloebis erovnuli centri, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally
published in 10 Scribes J. Legal Writing 1 (2005_2006)].
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis maikl d. uimss, jek b. rabins da Carlz ambross. `rogor gamoviZioT
mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad
gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-
kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxor-
cielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis
iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSve-
belia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-
kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis
werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org
8 9
Trail Advocacy Skills Daniel Linhardt was created by Daniel Linhardt for use by
ABA ROLI and was edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI
Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia.
ABA ROLI Georgia thanks Mr. Jon Rapping, Southern Public Defender Training
Center for permission to use parts of his article on case analysis `Brainstorming the Facts,
Developing a Case Theory, and Creating a Story for an Effective Presentation at Trial”)
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks NITA and Mr. Steven Lubet for the sections used
from Modern Trial Advocacy by Steven Lubet, Law school edition, National Institute for
Trial Advocacy, 2000, USA, which are attributed and footnoted
ABA ROLI Georgia Thanks Mr. Stephen C. Rench for permission to use his sec-
tion on Voir Dire/ Jury Selection from The Rench Book by Stephen C. Rench which was
edited and translated to be used by lawyers and law students in Georgia.
Jury Selection _ `Mastering Voir Dire and Jury Selection edited and translated into
the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia from `Mas-
tering Voir Dire~ by Jeffrey T. Frederick originally published by the American Bar As-
sociation. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and
distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Transla-
tion Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents
of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permis-
sion of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North
Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
Voir Dire Questions _edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA
ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia. From `Mastering Voir Dire~ by Jeffrey T.
Frederick originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011
American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American
Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 Amer-
ican Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be
reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Asso-
ciation, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
Client Interview _ Article: BUILDING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH YOU CLI-
ENT by Jon Rapping, Southern Public Defender Training Center; Former Director of
Training for the Public Defender Service (D.C.), New Orleans (post-Katrina), State of
Georgia. Used by permission from and thanks to Jon Rapping and edited and translated
into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia.
 Client Interview Checklist Used with thanks to the American Law Institute and
edited and translated into the Georgian Language for use by lawyers in Georgia by the sarCevi
ABA ROLI Georgia

`A Litigator’s Guide to Expert Witnesses~ by Cecil C. Kuhne III originally pub-

lished by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2006 American Bar Associa-
tion. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of
Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2010 American Bar Association.
All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole
or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of
Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail:
copyright@abanet.org
Writing Jury Instructions _ Edited and translated by The ABA ROLI Georgia for
use by Georgian lawyers This manuscript was originally published in The Scribes Jour-
nal of Legal Writing and is reprinted with changes made by ABA ROLI Georgia to make
it more understandable to lawyers in Georgia and has been translated into the Georgian
language. The original author is Peter M. Tiersma, and the original title is Communicat-
ing with Juries: How to Draft More Understandable Jury Instructions, National Center
for State Courts, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in 10 Scribes J. Legal
Writing 1 (2005_2006)].
From `How to Try a Murder Case~ by Michael D. Wims, Jack B. Rubin, and
Charles Ambrose originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US)
2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the Ameri-
can Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012
American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may
not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar
Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago,
Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
Sesavali............................................................................................................................................................... 13
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamde ....................15
saqmis analizi .............................................................................................................................................. 21
faqtebisa da kanonmdeblobis analizi ................................................25
sasamarTlo procesisTvis sarwmuno ambis momzadeba.
saqmis Teoriis ganviTareba. mtkicebulebebis Sefaseba ............33
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebis strategiuli gamoyeneba ..46
daskvna .....................................................................................................................49
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT ..................................... 50
nafic msajulTa efeqturi SerCeva ................................................................................. 58
nafic msajulTa araverbaluri komunikaciis Seswavla............................. 94
nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros gasaTvaliswinebeli
zogierTi sakiTxi..................................................................................................................................... 125
nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma (mkvlelobis saqmeebze) .................... 133
samodelo kiTxvebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze nafic
msajulTa SerCevisas............................................................................................................................ 136
Sesavali sityva .......................................................................................................................................... 165
Sesavali sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze) ...................................................................... 177
mowmis momzadebis sakontrolo CamonaTvali......................................................... 188

10 11
advokatisa da klientis urTierTobebi. klientis Sesavali1
gamokiTxvis specifika ......................................................................................................................... 191
2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis sap-
klientTan urTierTobis damyareba ........................................................192 roceso kodeqsis miRebiT, saqarTveloSi Semovida Sejibrebi-
klientis gamokiTxvisas gamosayenebeli kiTxvebis Tobis sistema sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. iuristebisaTvis
es udides cvlilebasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens. sasamarTlo
sakontrolo CamonaTvali .............................................................................................................. 202 procesebze mosamarTleebi aRar gamoaqveyneben mtkicebulebebs
nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ................................................................................................................. 215 da dahkiTxaven mowmeebs. axla ukve prokuroris/advokatis
saqmea warmoadginos Tavisi saqme da dahkiTxos mowmeebi. Tu
pirdapiri dakiTxva................................................................................................................................. 236 prokurori/advokati Tavis saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevs, mtkice-
bulebebi da Cveneba verasdros miva mosamarTlemde an nafic
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi eqspertis mowmed mowvevis Taobaze ............. 249
msajulebamde, romlebmac saqme unda gadawyviton. axla tvirTi
jvaredini dakiTxva................................................................................................................................. 268 mTlianad mxareebzea, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi
Suamdgomlobebis mxardamWeri mtkicebulebebi mosamarTlemde
impiCmenti ...............................................................................................................286
an nafic msajulebamde mivides. maT aseve unda SeZlon, rom
eqsperti mowmis jvaredini dakiTxva ................................................................................ 293 arasasurveli mtkicebulebebi ar iyos ganxiluli. am mizezTa
gamo uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorebma/advokatebma
sasamarTlo ganxilva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)....................................................... 311 gaigon da maRal doneze daeuflon SejibrebiTobis sistemas.
daskvniTi sityva ........................................................................................................................................ 320 SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxa-
re warmoadgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, maT
daskvniTi sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze).................................................................... 331 poziciebs gaamyarebs. arsebobs garkveuli Tanmimdevroba, ro-
protesti ........................................................................................................................................................... 337 melic am procesSi daculi unda iyos. garda amisa, arsebobs
wesebi, romlebic aregulirebs, Tu ra SeuZlia da ra ar
nafic msajulTa instruqciebi ................................................................................................ 354 SeuZlia gaakeTos prokurorma/advokatma. es wesebi imisTvis
zogadi princi pebi naTeli komunikaciisaTvis ................................356
Seiqmna, rom prokurorebs/advokatebs hqonodaT saxelmZRvane-
lo principebi Tavisi saqmeebis warmodgenisas. am wesebisa da
nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis Sedgenis misi gamoyenebis principis gageba warmoadgens pirvel nabijs
SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi efeqtur prokurorad/advokatad
konkretuli princi pebi .................................................................................................................... 374
CamoyalibebisaTvis.
daskvniTi SeniSvnebi .............................................................................................................................. 383 sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi procesis xuT arsebiT fazas
moicavs: nafic msajulTa SerCeva (Voir Dire), Sesavali sityva,
pirdapiri dakiTxva, jvaredini dakiTxva da daskvniTi sityva.
1 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
12 13
saqmis warmatebulad warmodgenisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba
aqvs mxaris mier TiToeuli fazis swori ganxorcielebis
meTodis codnas. mas Semdeg, rac prokurori/advokati gaigebs
da daeufleba sasamarTlo procesis sxvadasxva fazas, igi
SeZlebs iseTi prezentaciis gakeTebas, romelic nafic msa-
julebs / mosamarTles daarwmunebs misi saqmis sisworeSi da
ganawyobs misi an misi klientis sasargeblod.
sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis swavlis procesi nebismieri
sxva unar-Cvevis SeZenas hgavs, rogoricaa, magaliTad fex-
burTis TamaSis swavla. pirovnebam Tavdapirvelad fexburTis
wesebi unda iswavlos da mxolod am wesebis Seswavlisa
da xangrZlivi varjiSis Semdeg SeiZleba igi warmatebuli
moTamaSe gaxdes. es ar aris procesi, sadac adamiani wesebs
swavlobs da Semdeg ubralod am wesebiT fiqris gareSe mo-
qmedebs. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi SemoqmedebiTi procesia. am
wesebis farglebSi warmatebulma prokurorma/advokatma ise
unda warmoaCinos Tavisi prezentacia, rom is saqmeSi arsebul
faqtebsa da Sesabamis kanonebs moergos. prokurors/advokats
WeSmariti profesionalis statusi eniWeba mxolod wlebis
praqtikisa da uamravi sasamarTlo procesis Catarebis Semdeg,
sadac xdeba naswavli unar-Cvevebis daxvewa da ganviTareba.
qvemoT mocemuli masala moicavs ZiriTad informacias
sasamarTlo procesis xuTi fazis da maTi ganxorcielebis
teqnikis Sesaxeb. rogorc nebismieri unar-Cvevis Seswavlis
SemTxvevaSi, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mkiTxvelebs movu-
wodebT moiZion sxva wyaroebi da damatebiTi masala, ro-
melic maT warmatebul prokurorebad/advokatebad Camoyali-
bebaSi daexmareba. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli masala
saqarTveloSi 2011 wels arsebul mdgomareobas ukavSird-
eba, sadac saqmeTa umravlesobas kvlavac mosamarTle ixilavs
saqmeTa erTi kategoriis garda _ damamZimebel garemoebebSi
Cadenili mkvlelobis saqme SesaZloa naficma msajulebma ga-
nixilon TbilisSi. arcTu Soreul momavalSi nafici msa-
julebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis damatebiT kategorieb-
sac ganixilaven. marTalia, am saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli
mravali unar-Cveva rogorc mosamarTlis, ise nafic msajulTa
14
monawileobiT Catarebul sasamarTlo procesebze gamoiyeneba,
magram arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba, Tu rogor unda iyos
saqme nafici msajulebisa da mosamarTlis winaSe wardgenili.
sasamarTlo procesis mogebis an wagebis umniSvnelova-
nesi faqtori erTi sityviT SeiZleba gamoixatos: momzadeba,
momzadeba, momzadeba. mas alternativa ar aqvs. saqmis mogeba
procesis mimdinareobisas Zalzed iSviaTia, is _ procesamdea
mogebuli an wagebuli. es aris sakiTxi, romlis mniSvnelo-
bis daknineba SeuZlebelia da romelsac TiToeul qveTavSi
kvlavac da kvlavac mivubrundebiT. sasamarTlo procesamde,
momzadebis etapze Tqven ayalibebT Sesaval sityvas, atarebT
gamoZiebas, arCevT mowmeebs da amzadebT am mowmeebs sasamarT-
lo procesisTvis. aseve, Tqven gansazRvravT da amzadebT im
nivTier mtkicebulebebs, cxrilebsa da sxva damxmare saSuale-
bebs, romlebsac procesis mimdinareobisas gamoiyenebT. garda
amisa, Tqven emzadebiT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis jvare-
dini dakiTxvisTvis. yvela warmatebuli advokati girCevT _
momzadeba sasamarTlo procesze warmatebis sawindaria.
saqmis momzadeba sasamarTlo
procesis dawyebamde
rogorc am saxelmZRvanelos wina TavSi iyo aRniSnuli,
yvelaze xSirad saqme iqamde aris mogebuli an wagebuli, sa-
nam prokurori/advokati sasamarTlo darbazSi fexs Seadgams.
saqmeTa mogeba sasamarTlo procesis dawyebamde momzadebisas
xdeba. arsebobs garkveuli qmedebebi, romlebic TiToeulma
prokurorma/advokatma Tavisi Sesavali sityvis dagegmvamde
unda ganaxorcielos.
sasamarTlo procesamde mxareTa mier mtkicebulebaTa gacvla
prokurorisaTvis/advokatisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba
aqvs sasamarTlo procesamde mtkicebulebebis gacvlis Sede-
gad mtkicebulebebis mopovebas. mtkicebulebebis gacvlis
15
mTliani procesi sasamarTlos yvela stadiaze pirdapir gav-
lenas iqoniebs. magaliTad, prokurorma/advokatma SeiZle-
ba gaigos, rom mas sWirdeba meti adamianis dakiTxva imaSi
dasarwmuneblad, SesaZlebelia Tu ara mowinaaRmdege mxaris
mowmesTan dapirispireba. marTlac, advokatma SeiZleba gaigos,
rom saqmis miseuli Teoria aRar aris logikuri im Cvenebis
an dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis fonze, romlebic gacvlis
stadiaze iyo mopovebuli. amdenad, mxare ver Camoayalibebs
Sesaval sityvas imis codnis gareSe, Tu romel mimarTulebas
airCevs mowinaaRmdege mxare da romeli sapasuxo argumentebis
gamoyeneba gaxdeba saWiro.
pirdapir dakiTxvasTan mimarTebaSi, mxarem SesaZloa isur-
vos ara mxolod axali mowmeebis dakiTxva, aramed garkveuli
samecniero cdebis Catarebac. man SesaZloa isurvos, rom misi
mowmeebis pirdapirma dakiTxvebma moicvas garkveuli faqtebi,
romlebic sxvagvarad misTvis ar iqneboda relevanturi. jva-
redini dakiTxvisas prokurorma/advokatma unda icodes ara
mxolod is, Tu ras ityvis mowme gansxvavebuli Cvenebis mice-
misas, aramed isic, Tu ras ityvian mowinaaRmdege mxaris sxva
potenciuri mowmeebi. SesaZlebelia dadgindes interesTa kon-
fliqti mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs Soris, romelic yvela
maTganis Cvenebas daasustebs. mxarem aseve SeiZleba moipovos
dokumenturi mtkicebulebebi, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris
mowmeebis `impiCmentisaTvis~ iqneba gamoyenebuli.
dabolos, daskvniTi sityva damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra
moxdeba sasamarTlo procesis dros. procesisTvis mzadebisas
mxarem unda warmoidginos, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi
sityva da saqmisadmi midgomac Sesabamisad dagegmos. mtkiceb-
ulebaTa gacvlis gareSe SeuZlebelia, rom prokurorma/advo-
katma Tavisi daskvniTi sityva adekvaturad dagegmos.
danaSaulis adgilis monaxuleba
arsebobs danaSaulTa kategoriebi, romelTa SemTxvevaSic
mxarem danaSaulis Cadenis adgili piradad unda moinaxulos.
es aris danaSaulebi, sadac mowmis mier aRqmuli movlenis
Semowmeba gadamwyveti mniSvnelobisaa. maT Sorisaa iseTi da-
16
naSaulebi, rogoricaa mkvleloba, yaCaRoba, fizikuri Seura-
cxyofa, cecxlis wakideba da sxva. am danaSaulebs Soris, sa-
varaudod, ver iqneba gaflangva, TaRliToba da sagadasaxado
saqmeebi, sadac adgili ver eqneba mowmis mier braldebulis
amocnobasa da danaSaulis Cadenis konkretuli adgilis aRw-
eras. danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis monaxulebas alternativa
ar aqvs. rogor kargadac ar unda aRweros vinmem es adgili an
rogori kargi fotoebic ar unda arsebobdes saqmeSi, arsebobs
garkveuli nivTebi an kavSiri aseT nivTebs Soris, romlebsac
mxare mxolod danaSaulis adgilis daTvalierebisas naxavs,
romlebic fasdaudebelia da romelTa aRmoCenac adgilis pi-
radad gamoZiebis Sedegad xdeba. es mxares daexmareba Camoay-
alibos damatebiTi kiTxvebi Tavisi (pirdapir dakiTxvaze) da
mowinaaRmdege mxaris (jvaredin dakiTxvaze) mowmeebisTvis.
danaSaulis Cadenis adgili danaSaulis Cadenidan umokles
droSi unda iyos daTvalierebuli, radgan viTareba SeiZleba
Seicvalos. magaliTisaTvis, xeebi gakriWon an moWran, Secva-
lon Senobebis fasadi, ganaTeba da sxva. mxarem unda naxos
danaSaulis Cadenis iseTi adgili, romelic Tavdapirvel md-
gomareobasTan maqsimalurad iqneba miaxloebuli.
rodis unda iyos danaSaulis adgili monaxulebuli
moinaxuleT adgili dRis imave dros, rodesac danaSauli
moxda. Tu adgilis monaxuleba Tveebis Semdeg xdeba, amoar-
CieT dro, romelic danaSaulis Cadenisas ganaTebis piro-
bebTan iqneba miaxloebuli. magaliTad, Tu danaSauli mzis
Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre moxda, moinaxuleT adgili
mzis Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre, miuxedavad imisa, rom
saaTi danaSaulis Cadenisgan gansxvavebul dros giCvenebT. am
dros gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tveebis Semdeg mzis mdebareobac
gansxvavebuli iqneba mzis Casvlamde naxevari saaTiT adre. am
gansxvavebis gasagebad astronomiuli monacemebi SeamowmeT.
Tu saqme imas Seexeba, Tu ra gaigona mowmem, gadamwyve-
tia danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis monaxulebis dro da ara _
ganaTebis pirobebi. mxarem unda icodes, Tu rogori iyo im
dros da im adgilas xmauris done. magaliTad, Tu SemTxveva
17
moxda dekemberSi, 16:00 saaTze, ganaTebis faqtors aq didi
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, am dros gadamwyvetia xmauri moZravi
manqanebis raodenobisa da sixSiris gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve, Tu
SemTxveva 23:00 saaTze moxda da danaSaulis adgili skolas-
Tan axlosaa, am droisaTvis gareT moTamaSe bavSvebis xmauris
done Zalze gansxvavebuli iqneba 14:00 saaTisagan, radgan am
droisaTvis gakveTilebi ukve dasrulebulia. analogiurad,
adamianebis, manqanebis, satvirTo manqanebisa da avtobusebis
raodenobac, romelmac SesaZloa mowmis mxedvelobis ares
SeuSalos xeli, dRis konkretul monakveTTan erTad icvleba.
SeecadeT danaSaulis Cadenis adgili imave amindSi moinax-
uloT. amas SesaZloa gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqondes,
Tu danaSaulis Cadenis dros wvimda an Tovda, rasac mowmis
mxedvelobaze an smenaze SesaZloa gavlena moexdina.
ra unda iqonioT Tan
Tan iqonieT fotoaparati. gadaiReT suraTebi im adgi-
lidan, sadac mowmeebi iyvnen da saidanac, maTi gancxadebiT,
danaSaulis Cadena dainaxes. fotoaparati Tvalis doneze ga-
naTavseT da simaRle SeZlebisdagvarad sxvadasxva mowmis Tva-
lis donis mixedviT cvaleT. TqvenTan erTad vinme waiyvaneT,
radgan, magaliTisaTvis, dacvis mxaris mier saqmis gamoZiebi-
sas advokati mowmed ver gadaiqceva. Tu mowmis `impiCmentis~
mizniT saWiro gaxdeba fotos gamoyeneba an danaSaulis Cade-
nis adgilis ukeT warmoCena, advokati dacvis mxridan mowmed
ver gamova. amisaTvis advokatma unda SearCios iseTi pirovne-
ba, romelic Cvenebis micemisas ar daibneva da romelic karg
da sandomian mowmed wardgeba. garda amas, Tan iqonieT sazomi
xelsawyoebi, rogoricaa metriani, wamzomi da nebismieri ram,
rac konkretul SemTxvevaSi sivrcis, drois an distanciis
asazomad iqneba aucilebeli.
ra unda gaakeToT
foto(ebi) im adgilidan unda iyos gadaRebuli, said-
anac mowme/ebi idga/idgnen. Tu saqmeSi bevri mowmea, maSin es
procedura unda ganmeordes TiToeuli mowmis mxedvelobis
18
wertilidan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mowmem braldebuli danaSau-
lis Cadenis adgilis mitovebisas dainaxa, maSin fotoebze
unda aisaxos mTliani adgili, romelSic TiTqosda bralde-
buli moZraobda. Tu saqmeSi bevri mowmea, maSin es procedura
TiToeuli mowmis mxedvelobis arealis gaTvaliswinebiT unda
ganmeordes. amis Sedegad SesaZloa gamovlindes garkveuli
sagnebi, romlebic mowmes braldebulis danaxvaSi xels uSl-
ida da romlebic Sesabamisad im drois monakveTs amcirebda,
rodesac mowme braldebuls xedavda.
danaSaulis Cadenis adgili diagramaze unda aisaxos.
amisaTvis saWiroa, rom mxares Tan hqondes sazomi xelsawy-
oebi, raTa nebismieri gazomva zustad ganxorcieldes. mag-
aliTad, dacvis mxaris mier gamoZiebis warmoebisas advoka-
tis damxmare pirovneba, romelic potenciuri mowmea, azom-
vas unda axorcielebdes, Tumca advokatma zedamxedveloba
unda gauwios process da uzrunvelyos azomvebis sizuste.
azomvebi unda ganxorcieldes im adgilebidan, sadac mowmeTa
gancxadebiT maT danaSaulis Cadenis faqti dainaxes. adgilze
diagramis monaxazi unda gakeTdes. mogvianebiT dasrulebuli
saxiT da Sesabamisi masStabis diagrama unda damzaddes. is
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros an advokatis mowmis Cvenebis mx-
ardasaWerad, Tu am pirovnebis Cveneba aucilebelia mowinaaR-
mdege mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebis dasapirispireblad. darw-
mundiT, rom procesze gamoyenebuli diagrama da yvela foto
daSvebuli iyos mtkicebulebad, raTa gadawyvetilebaze msj-
elobisas isini saTanadod gaiTvaliswinon.
Tu moqmedeba gangrZobadi xasiaTis iyo, maSin unda mox-
des moqmedebis inscenireba, raTa gairkves, Tu ramdeni dro
gavida. magaliTad, Tu mowmem ganacxada, rom dainaxa, Tu
rogor mirboda braldebuli korpusisken da Semdeg kuTxis
miRma gauCinarda, unda moxdes am garbenis inscenireba da
wamzomze aTvla. wamzomi unda eWiros pirovnebas, romelic
sasamarTlo procesze miscems Sesabamis Cvenebas drois im
monakveTTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac braldebuli TiTqosda
danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas gamoCnda da Semdeg gauCinarda.
19
es aseve exeba iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac mamakaci gamoCnda,
dazaralebuls esrola da Semdeg adgili miatova an nebismier
danaSauls, romelTan mimarTebaSic aseTi azomvebi relevantu-
ria. prokurorma/advokatma unda icodes, ramdeni dro hqonda
mowmes, raTa danaSaulis Cadenis adgilisTvis Tvali edevne-
bina. drois mTlian monakveTs prokurorma/advokatma is dro
unda gamoaklos, rodesac mowmis mxedvelobis are dafaruli
iyo. sakmaod xSirad mowmeebi fiqroben, rom maT gacilebiT
meti dro hqondaT Tvalis devnisTvis, vidre es sinamdvileSi
iyo, da amitom mxarem unda warmoaCinos, rom drois monakveTi
marTlac mcire iyo, rac eWvqveS daayenebs mowmis mier bral-
debulis amocnobis damajereblobas.
20
saqmis analizi2
Sesavali
sasamarTlo procesebi imitom tardeba, rom mxareebs
mieceT saSualeba daarwmunon mosamarTle an nafici msa-
julebi maT mier warmodgenili faqtobrivi garemoebebis WeS-
maritebaSi. am process sxvagvarad ambis gadmocema SeiZleba
ewodos. procesis TiToeul mxares saSualeba aqvs gadmosc-
es ambavi iseTi saSualebebis meSveobiT, rogoricaa nafici
msajulebisTvis mimarTva, pirdapiri da jvaredini dakiTxva
da mtkicebulebebis warmodgena. ambis gadmocemis procedura
regulirdeba sisxlis samarTlis materialuri da saproceso-
kanonmdeblobiT. Cven Zalian xSirad mxaris profesionalizms
sasamarTlo darbazSi gamovlenil unar-CvevebTan vaigivebT.
magaliTisaTvis, sasamarTlo procesze Cven Tvalyurs va-
devnebT advokats, romelic gamanadgurebel jvaredin dakiTx-
vas awarmoebs da gvjera, rom Cvenc SegviZlia viyoT Zli-
eri advokatebi, Tu mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvis teqnikas
viswavliT. Cven vuyurebT prokurors, romelic momnusxvel
daskvniT sityvas warmoTqvams da vfiqrobT, rom analogi-
uri oratoruli unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebiT Cvenc aranakleb
warmatebuli prokurori viqnebodiT. magram is, rasac Cven
darbazSi ver vxedavT, aris momzadeba, romelic aseT efeqtur
warmodgenas SesaZlebels xdis. xSir SemTxvevaSi prokuro-
2 `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis iuridiuli daxmarebis saswavlo
centris samxreTis ofisis warmomadgenels b-n jon repings, winamdebare qveTavSi
gamoyenebuli masalis mowodebisaTvis (statia: `faqtebis breinsTormingi, saqmis
Teoriis SemuSaveba da ambis Camoyalibeba sasamarTlo procesze efeqturi
prezentaciisTvis~). `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s
da bn. stiven lubets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove
sasamarTlo advokatireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis.
wigni gamocemulia samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis
erovnuli institutis mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi
SeniSvnebi.
21
ris/advokatis prezentacia, gvafiqrebinebs, TiTqos yvelaferi
unar-Cvevebze da ara mosamzadebel samuSaoze iyos damokide-
buli, magram, cxadia, es ase ar aris.
unar-Cvevebi, ra Tqma unda, mniSvnelovania. amitomac sauke-
Teso prokurorebi/advokatebi yovelTvis mzad arian Seiswav-
lon nafic msajulTa SerCevis, Sesavali sityvebis warmoTq-
mis, pirdapir dakiTxvaze mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis, jvare-
din dakiTxvaze mowmeebis ganadgurebisa da daskvniTi sityvis
dros nafici msajulebis darwmunebis axali meTodebi. Tumca,
mxolod unarebiT sasamarTlo darbazSi efeqtur prezenta-
cias ver warmovTqvamT. rogorc sasamarTlos winaSe gamomsv-
lel prokurorebs/advokatebs, Cven unda SegveZlos scenaris
dawera, prezentaciis momzadeba da efeqturi warmodgena.
`moqmedeba~ im momentidan iwyeba, rodesac nafici msa-
julebi maTi SerCevis dros Tvals pirvelad Segvavleben.3
is grZeldeba maSinac, rodesac Cvens saqmes Sesaval sityvaSi
gadmovcemT, jvaredinad vkiTxavT mowmeebs, warmovadgenT mt-
kicebulebebs da varwmunebT auditorias daskvniTi sityvis
meSveobiT. Tumca, TiToeuli es faza erTiani TemiT unda
xelmZRvanelobdes. nebismieri ram, rasac sasamarTlo darba-
zSi vakeTebT, unda emsaxurebodes im ambis gonivrulad gad-
mocemas, romelic nafic msajulebTan Sexvedramde Camovayal-
ibeT.
magram, ras gulisxmobs sasamarTlo procesis konteqstSi
damajerebeli ambis gadmocema? damajerebeli ambavi unda Sei-
cavdes qvemoT mocemul yvela niSan-Tvisebas, an maT umravle-
sobas mainc: (1) ambavi unda exebodes adamianebs da xsnides
maTi qcevis mizezebs; (2) is aRwers an axsnis yvela cnobil
an udavo faqts; (3) ambavs gadmoscemen sandomiani mowmeebi;
(4) is gamagrebulia detalebiT; (5) is TanxvedraSia saR
3 im saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic nafic msajulTa monawileobis
gareSe ganixileba, moqmedeba maSin iwyeba, rodesac pirvelad mosamarTlis winaSe
warvdgebiT. es mosamarTle iqneba faqtebis gamomkvlevi da winasasamarTlo
stadiaze Cven mas warvudgenT sxvadasxva werilobiT dokuments ganxilvisTvis.
mokled rom vTqvaT, nebismier dros, rodesac faqtebis momkvlevTan gvaqvs
Sexeba, Cven kargad gaazrebuli miznis misaRwevad vmoqmedebT.
22
azrTan da ar Seicavs daujerebel elementebs; da (6) is or-
ganizebulia imgvarad, rom TiToeuli momdevno faqti, wina
faqtis logikur gagrZelebas warmoadgens. meore mxriv, dac-
vis mxaris advokatebma xSirad unda gadmoscen `sapirispiro
ambebi~, romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris zemoxsenebul faqtebs
gaaqarwylebs. damajereblobis garda, sasamarTlo procesze
gadmocemuli ambavi unda Seicavdes dasaSveb mtkicebulebebs
da braldebis an dacvis samarTlebrivad gamarTul pozicias.4
axla SekiTxva mdgomareobs imaSi, Tu rogor Camovayali-
boT damajerebeli ambavi.
axali saqmis aRebisas pirveli, rac unda gavakeToT,
faqtebis gaanalizebaa. Cven unda gaviTvaliswinoT kanoni da
saqmeSi arsebuli yvela faqti miuxedavad maTi warmoSobisa.
faqtebis wyaroebTan dakavSirebiT neitralobis SenarCuneba
mniSvnelovania, raTa SecdomiT ar SevafasoT mtkicebulebebis
xarisxi. amis Semdeg Cven unda CamovyalibdeT, Tu romeli
faqtebia Cveni saqmisaTvis savaraudod saziano da romeli _
sasargeblo. Semdeg unda vifiqroT yvela im SesaZleblobaze,
Tu rogor davtovoT saziano faqtebi mtkicebulebebis miR-
ma. aseve, Cven unda velodoT CvenTvis sasargeblo faqtebis
gaprotestebas da movamzadoT pasuxebi aseT protestebze.
faqtebis analizis procesis bolos unda vifiqroT yvela im
SekiTxvaze, romelic nafic msajulebs mtkicebulebebTan da-
kavSirebiT SeiZleba gauCndeT. im SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT,
romlebic CvenTvis arasasurvel faqtebs exeba, unda gaviT-
valiswinoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris savaraudo pasuxebi, xolo
im SekiTxvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic CvenTvis sasurvel
faqtebs exeba, vifiqroT, Tu rogor pasuxebs gavcemdiT maT.
faqtebis analizis am savarjiSos Catarebis Semdeg Cveni
saqmis Teoria unda CamovayaliboT. am procesis pirveli nabi-
jia orive mxaris mier maTi yvela SesaZlo Teoriis iden-
tificireba. es SemoqmedebiT midgomas moiTxovs. amis Semdeg
ifiqreT, Tu rogor jdeba TiToeuli mowme da mtkicebuleba
4 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 15.
23
dacvis am TeoriaSi. mas Semdeg, rac TeoriasTan dakavSire-
buli yvela mtkicebulebisTvis strategias CamoayalibebT,
mTliani saqmis Teoriac mzad geqnebaT. SearCieT erT-erTi.
saqmis Teoria sasamarTlo procesze Tqvens nebismier nabijs
gansazRvravs, magaliTad, Tqven mier dayenebul Suamdgomlo-
bebs, gakeTebul gancxadebebs, Catarebul dakiTxvebs da a.S.
dabolos, mas Semdeg, rac saqmis konkretul Teoriaze
SevCerdebiT, unda vifiqroT ambis gadmocemis yvelaze efeq-
tur gzaze, raTa nafici msajulebi saqmis Cvens Teorias
daeTanxmon. Tema, romelic mTel Cvens `ambavSi~ iqneba war-
modgenili, unda iyos Tanmimdevruli. Cven unda vifiqroT
Sesabamis monawileebze da mtkicebulebebze, da imaze, Tu ro-
gor ganviTardeba ambavi TiToeulTan mimarTebaSi. Cven aseve
unda gavaanalizoT, Tu rogor gadmovceT ambavi TiToeuli
monawilisa da mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb ise, rom es TemaSi
yvelaze efeqturad Cajdes. mxolod amis Semdeg varT mzad
prezentaciis dasawyebad.
sanam ufro detalebSi ganvixilavT, Tu rogor movemzadoT
Cveni saqmisTvis, Zalian mokled SevexoT eTikis sakiTxs sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeebSi. sisxlis samarTalSi bralmdebels
garkveuli eTikuri valdebulebebi akisria, xolo dacvis mx-
aris valdebulebebis nusxa, advokats ufro farTo moqmedebis
diapazons aniWebs.
bralmdebeli ara mxolod mxaris warmomadgeneli, aramed
sajaro moxelecaa. misi movaleobaa dasajos damnaSave, da
ara ubralod moigos saqme klientis sasargeblod. amitomac,
konkretuli Teoriis eTikuri mxaris gansazRvrisTvis bralm-
debeli mxolod `ara yalb~ standarts (ar waradginos yalbi
mtkicebulebebi da keTilsindisierad gauZRves saqmes) ver
daeyrdnoba. prokurors piradad unda sjerodes TiToeuli
saqmis samarTlebrivi safuZvlianobis da Tavi unda Seikavos
nebismieri braldebis wayenebisgan, romelic ar aris sakmarisi
safuZvliT gamyarebuli.5
5 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 22.
24
Tavis mxriv, dacvis mxaris advokats yovelTvis SeuZlia
ar aRiaros danaSauli da amiT saxelmwifos bralis gonivrul
eWvs miRma dadasturebis tvirTi atarebinos. danaSaulis ar
aRiareba ar aris aucilebeli raime kuTxiT iyos `simarTle~,
radgan es braldebulis konstituciuri uflebaa. bunebrivia,
dacvis mxaris advokats ar aqvs ufleba warmoadginos cru
Cvenebebi an yalbi mtkicebulebebi. Tumca, meore mxriv, advo-
kats saerTodac ar akisria valdebuleba raime saxis dacvis
warmodgenaze, radgan iurisdiqciaTa umravlesobaSi(a.S.S.-s
praqtika) msjavrdebisTvis saWiroa, rom braldebam gamor-
icxos nebismieri gonivruli hipoteza, romelic bralTan Se-
usabamoa. amitom, imdenad, ramdenadac advokati yalb mtkiceb-
ulebebs an cru Cvenebebs ar daeyrdnoba, mas SeuZlia bralde-
bulis gamarTleba moiTxovos, anu gadmosces ambavi, romelic
mxolod udanaSaulobis `gonivrul hipoTezas~ eyrdnoba.6
faqtebisa da kanonmdeblobis analizi
eqspertebi zogadad Tanxmdebian, rom sasamarTlo proce-
sebis Sedegebis daaxloebiT 70% momzadebisas ganisazRvreba.
sagrZnobi upiratesoba moipoveba ara mxolod faqtebis gac-
nobiT, aramed sasamarTlo procesis mTlianad dagegmviT, jer
zogadad, xolo Semdgom _ detalebSi. saTanadod momzadeba
prokuroris/advokatis valdebulebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, sa-
samarTlo procesis gegmis momzadeba da mis Sesabamisad moq-
medeba erTaderTi gzaa imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom procesis
TiToeulma fazam saTanadod imuSaos mxaris poziciis gasa-
myareblad.
dasawyisisTvis, prokurorma/advokatma unda gaaanalizos
kanonmdebloba, raTa icodes, Tu romeli elementebia saqmeSi
CarTuli da gansazRvros, Tu risi damtkiceba SeiZleba ad-
vilad, risi ufro rTulad, da risi _ SeuZlebeli. magaliTi-
6 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 22.
25
saTvis, dacvis mxarem aseve unda icodes SesaZlo sasjelebis
variantebi braldebis sxvadasxva punqtTan mimarTebaSi, raTa
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi marTebulad Caebas molaparakebebSi
saproceso SeTanxmebis Taobaze.
kanonmdeblobis mimoxilvis Semdeg faqtebis analizis
dawyebis dro dgeba. faqtebis analizi ramdenime komponentis-
gan Sedgeba. modiT, isini ufro detalebSi ganvixiloT.
advokatTa da prokurorTa umravlesobas Soris erT-erTi
arsebiTi gansxvaveba is aris, rom advokatebs aqvT SesaZle-
bloba ifiqron CarCoebs miRma, vinaidan prokurorebi Teo-
rias saqmis gamoZiebis Zalian adreul etapze ayalibeben.
gamoZiebis dasrulebamde isini Camoyalibebulni arian dana-
Saulis motivTan da sxva arsebiT detalebTan dakavSirebiT.
isini varaudoben, rom ician simarTle imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
moxda sinamdvileSi.
faqtebis Segrovebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani aspeqti is
aris, rom es informaciis nebismieri wyarosadmi mikerZoebis
gareSe unda gakeTdes. rasakvirvelia, Cven aseT mikerZoebas
saqmis Teoriis ganviTarebisas gaviTvaliswinebT, magram am
etapze aseTma azrovnebam SesaZloa xeli SeuSalos Cvens un-
ars, gaviTvaliswinoT yvela mniSvnelovani faqti da is, Tu
rogor ewereba es faqtebi, saerTo jamSi, Cveni saqmis Teo-
riaSi. magaliTad, damwyebi advokati, romelic axal saqmeze
iwyebs muSaobas, Tavdapirvelad policiis angariSSi asaxul
movlenaTa versias ecnoba. amiT advokati `prokuroris maxe-
Si~ ebmeba, varaudobs ra, rom angariSis didi nawili, Tu sul
ara, simarTlea. igi iwyebs Tavis Teoriaze fiqrs im varau-
diT, rom man unda miiRos policiis oficris naambobi imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ra dainaxa oficerma, da gaiTvaliswinos TiTis
anabeWdebis testis Sedegebi an is, Tu ras fiqroben TiTqosda
miukerZoebeli mowmeebi momxdar movlenebTan dakavSirebiT.
Tavis mxriv, es advokati maSinve ver SeamCnevs klientis
mier misTvis naTqvam potenciurad sasargeblo gancxadebebs
an klientis ojaxis wevris mier monaTxrob ambavs. igi avto-
maturad dauSvebs, rom klientis gancxadebebi sakuTari Tavis
gadarCenas emsaxureba an, rom ojaxis wevrisgan miRebuli in-
26
formacia ar aris sando, da Sedegad, maT erTi xelis mosmiT
iSorebs Tavidan. am gziT gamoucdelma advokatma(iseve, ro-
gorc prokurorma) SesaZloa SezRudos Tavisi SesaZleblo-
bebi ganixilos saqmis alternatiuli Teoriebi. ar dauSvaT,
rom policiis oficris monaTxrobi aucileblad zustia, an
rom Tqveni klientis deda mzad aris sakuTari vaJiSvilis
gulisTvis icruos.
saqmis am etapze prokurorma/advokatma unda ganixilos
potenciurad yvela mniSvnelovani informacia maTi wyaroe-
bis miuxedavad. mxaris mier Segrovebuli faqtebis wyaroebi
SesaZloa moicavdes, magram ar Semoifarglebodes SemdegiT:
klientebi (Tu dacvis mxarea), mtkicebulebebis wardgenis
dros mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier mowodebuli informacia,
gamoZieba, policiis angariSebi, sasamarTlo oqmebi, bral-
debis Suamdgomlobebi, a.S. Cven mzad unda viyoT ganvixiloT
yvela faqti, romelic nafici msajulebis winaSe warsadgenad
gamodgeba. pirvel rigSi unda CamovweroT yvela potenciurad
mniSvnelovani faqti miuxedavad maTi wyaroebisa. mogvianebiT
Cven ganvixilavT am faqtebis dasaSvebobas da am informaciis
wyaroebis potenciur mikerZoebas.
amdenad, prokurorma/advokatma yvela SesaZlo faqti unda
Seiswavlos. sailustraciod, oqros maZiebeli wylis nakadis
fskeridan masalis amosaRebad sacers iyenebs. igi sacers amoZ-
ravebs, raTa oqros nawilakebi saceris ZirSi aRmoCndes. igi
nawilakebs inaxavs da danarCens yris. rac ufro met masalas
amuSavebs igi, miT ufro meti nawilaki ugrovdeba. rac ufro
met faqts Seiswavlis prokurori/advokati, miT ufro meti
oqros masalis gamoyenebas SeZlebs igi sasamarTlo procesze.
usargeblo faqtebs ki ubralod ugulebelyof.
imis SiSi, rom gaumJRavnebeli faqtebi yovelTvis meore
mxares waadgeba, mxolod maxea, romelic Tavidan unda avici-
loT. maSinac ki, dacvis mxaris SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bral-
debuli damnaSavea, arsebobs udanaSaulobaze mimaniSnebeli
faqtebi. Tqven TviTon CaatareT gamoZieba: yuradRebiT gadaxe-
deT policiis yvela angariSs, gaesaubreT Tqvens klients da
mowmeebs, moipoveT mtkicebulebebi, moinaxuleT danaSaulis
27
Cadenis adgili (daakvirdiT damabrkolebel garemoebebs, ga-
naTebis pirobebs, ZiriTad nivTebs da adgilebs, gadaiReT su-
raTebi, SeqmeniT diagrama, a.S.), detalebSi SeiswavleT nivT-
ieri mtkicebulebebi da mowmeTa Cvenebebi, ifiqreT potenciur
mowmeebze, SeiswavleT ganxorcielebuli satelefono zarebi,
samedicino angariSebi da a.S.
axal saqmeze gamoZiebis dawyebamde gaxsovdeT, rom:
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad, mxaree-
bs sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebisas aqvT Tanabari ufle-
ba-movaleobebi, garda gamonaklisebisa.
kerZod, dacvis mxare ar aris uflebamosili, sasamarT-
los mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT Cxrekis an amoRebis Catarebis
Taobaze.
faqtebis Segrovebis Semdeg prokurorma/advokatma unda
daiwyos am faqtebis gaanalizeba da ifiqros, Tu rogor
datovos misTvis saziano faqtebi mtkicebulebebis miRma da
rogor dauSvas mtkicebulebebad sasargeblo faqtebi.
mtkicebulebebis gamoricxvis meTodis ZiriTadi idea imaSi
mdgomareobs, rom nebismieri faqti, romelic mowinaaRmdege
mxares surs Cvens winaaRmdeg gamoiyenos, aris swored is faq-
ti, romlis saqmeSi ararsebobasac Cven visurvebdiT. xSirad
Cven varwmunebT sakuTar Tavs, rom faqti CvenTvis mxolod
imitom aris sasargeblo, rom Cven is ukve saqmis Semadgenel
nawilad CavTvaleT da gadavwyviteT, Tu rogor Semovatri-
aloT is Cvens sasargeblod. mtkicebulebebis gamoricxvis
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis mizniT Cven ar unda vivaraudoT,
rom Cven mier aqamde Segrovebuli nebismieri faqti dasaS-
vebi an dauSvebelia. Cven unda SevxedoT, Tu rogori iqne-
boda saqme TiToeul faqtTan erTad da mis gareSe, da amis
Semdeg gadavwyvitoT, es faqti sazianoa Tu sasargeblo. im
faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac sazianod miviCnevT, unda
movifiqroT, Tu rogor davtovoT isini saqmis miRma. TiToeu-
li faqtisTvis, romelsac sasargeblod miviCnevT, unda Sevi-
muSavoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris Setevebisgan maTi dacvis gzebi.
SesaZloa, saboloo jamSi, davaskvnaT, rom zogierTi saziano
28
faqti Cvens kontrols ar eqvemdebareba. amitom SeiZleba ga-
davwyvitoT, Tu rogor moveqceT aseT faqtebs Cveni saqmis
TeoriaSi maTi inkorporirebis gziT. Tumca, am stadiamde jer
ar mivsulvarT.
am dromde Cven gaviTvaliswineT yvela potenciurad mniS-
vnelovani faqti wyaroebisadmi neitraluri midgomiT. Cveni
momdevno amocanaa gadavwyvitoT, Tu am faqtebidan romelia
saziano da romeli sasargeblo.7 zogierTi faqtis ziani da
sargeblianoba SesaZloa damokidebuli iyos saqmis Teori-
aze, romelsac, saboloo jamSi, Cven avirCevT. am faqtebTan
mimarTebaSi gaaanalizeT isini, rogorc saziano da sasarge-
blo faqtebi, raTa SeafasoT maTi gavlena sxva Teoriebis
farglebSic. TiToeuli faqtis SemTxvevaSi, ifiqreT, rogori
iqneboda Tqveni saqme mis gareSe. Tu ar xarT sruliad dar-
wmunebuli, rom gsurT faqti naficma msajulebma ganixilon,
ifiqreT yvela SesaZlo saSualebaze, raTa is mtkicebulebad
ar iqnes daSvebuli. amisaTvis saWiroa, rom SevamowmoT mt-
kicebulebebis dauSveblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da
kanonis an wesebis SesaZlo darRvevebi. magaliTad Tu dacvis
mxares warmoadgenT, ifiqreT SekiTxvebze, rogoricaa:
1. xom ar iyo mtkicebulebebi ukanono Cxrekis an
amoRebis Sedegad mopovebuli?
2. xom ar aris Cveneba iZulebiT an braldebulis ufle-
bebis darRvevis Sedegad miRebuli?
3. TiToeul amocnobasTan mimarTebaSi, xom ar iyo es
konstituciuri uflebebis darRvevis Sedegi an sxva-
gvarad arasando?
7 cxadia, rom zogierT faqtze Cven xeli saqmeze muSaobis dawyebisTanave
migviwvdeba da sxva mraval faqts ki saqmis mimdinareobisas movi povebT. aqedan
gamomdinare, am dokumentSi SemoTavazebuli modeli ar aris statikuri. Cven
es savarjiSo unda vakeToT nebismier dros, rodesac viRebT axal informacias
gamoZiebidan, mtkicebulebebis gacvlis procesidan, dayenebuli Suamdgomlobebis
Sedegad, klientTan gasaubrebebidan, an nebismieri sxva wyarosgan. nebismier
dros, rodesac saqmeSi axal faqtebs vayalibebT, isini winamdebare dokumentis
Tanaxmad unda gavaanalizoT da SevafasoT, Tu rogor imoqmedebs es analizi
Cveni saqmis Teoriaze da, saerTo jamSi, ambavze, romelsac sasamarTlo procesze
warvadgenT.
29
 4. aris Tu ara Cveneba relevanturi?
5. aris Tu ara Cveneba ufro saziano, vidre mtkiceb-
ulebis bunebis Semcveli?
6. sargeblobs Tu ara romelime mowme raime privile-
giiT?
7. hqonda Tu ara adgili darRvevebs mtkicebulebebis
gamJRavnebis procesis dros?
8. SesaZlebelia Tu ara `faqtis~ wyaros _ mowmis, dis-
kreditireba misi arakompetenturobis, mikerZoebis, da
a.S. warmoCeniT?
9. SesaZlebelia Tu ara `faqtis~ warmatebiT uaryofa?
10. SesaZlebelia Tu ara faqtis, romelic, savaraudod,
braldebas exmareba, ise Semotrialeba, rom is meore
mxarisTvisac sasargeblo aRmoCndes?
11. SesaZlebelia Tu ara sasargeblo daskvnebis gamota-
na iq, sadac braldebis azriT mxolod usargeblo
daskvnebamde SeiZleba mivideT?
12. da sxva.
cxadia, es ar aris amomwuravi sia, es aris ubralo ni-
muSi zogierTi kiTxvisa, romelic unda gaviTvaliswinoT im
TiToeul mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi, romlis dasaSveb mt-
kicebulebaTa nusxidan gamoricxvac gvsurs.
mtkicebulebebis gamoricxvis savarjiSos meore dadebiTi
mxare imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven vaxdenT nebismieri poten-
ciuri problemis identificirebas, rac SeiZleba sasargeblo
faqtebis daSvebas mohyves. ifiqreT SesaZlo protestebze,
romelic SeiZleba mowinaaRmdege mxarem wamoayenos CvenTvis
sasargeblo mtkicebulebebis daSvebis winaaRmdeg. ifiqreT,
Tu rogor upasuxebdiT am protestebs, raTa maqsimalurad
iyos SesaZlebeli sasurveli mtkicebulebebis daSveba.
am savarjiSos ganxorcielebis Semdeg gacilebiT ukeT
geqnebaT gaazrebuli faqtebi, romlebic Tqveni saqmisaTvis
SeiZleba yvelaze saziano iyos da am faqtebis dauSvebel mt-
kicebulebebad cnobis SesaZleblobac, iseve rogorc TqvenTvis
sasargeblo faqtebi da maTi mtkicebulebebad daSvebis alba-
Toba. mas Semdeg, rac mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebobasTan dakav-
30
Sirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvas daasrulebT, unda ganixiloT,
Tu ra datvirTvas miscemen nafici msajulebi am faqtebs da
Tu risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT Tqven maT gadawyvetilebaze gav-
lenis mosaxdenad.
am etapze Cven moviniSneT saqmis yvela potenciurad mniS-
vnelovani faqti, gavaanalizeT, Tu romeli SeiZleba iyos
saziano da romeli sasargeblo da ganvixileT dasaSvebobis
sakiTxebi ToToeul faqtTan mimarTebaSi. Cven kargad gaviaz-
reT faqtebi, romlebzec vimuSavebT saqmis Teoriis gansaviTa-
reblad. viciT saziano faqtebis Sesaxebac, romlebic proble-
mebs Segviqmnis. viciT zogierTi sasargeblo faqtic, romlis
ganviTarebasac SevZlebT. axla im etapamde mivediT, rodesac
mzad varT TiToeuli am faqtis xarisxi ganvixiloT. axla
unda gaviTvaliswinoT SekiTxvebi, romlebic nafic msajulebs
faqtebTan dakavSirebiT gauCndebaT. is, Tu rogori pasuxebi
gaicema am kiTxvebze, gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogor datvirT-
vas miscemen nafici msajulebi TiToeul faqts da, amdenad,
gansazRvravs movlenaTa ganviTarebis versiasac, romelsac na-
fici msajulebi, saboloo jamSi, miiReben. axla droa ganxil-
uli iyos TiToeuli faqtis wyaros sandooba, faqtebs Soris
winaaRmdegobebi da kiTxvebi, romlebic Segrovebuli faqtebis
mier upasuxod SeiZleba darCes. am savarjiSos miznebisTvis
Tqven unda SewyvitoT prokurorad/advokatad yofna da See-
cadoT nafici msajulis roli moirgoT.
gaxsovdeT, rom nafic msajulebs ar moswonT mxaris
mxolod iseTi strategia, romelic mowinaaRmdege mxaris
strategiaze Setevas gulisxmobs. maT surT icodnen, Tu ro-
gor Seesabameba damnaSaveobis/udanaSaulobis Teorias is, ra-
sac ama Tu im mxaris azriT hqonda adgili. aqedan gamomdin-
are, saWiroa dadebiTi braldebis/dacvis poziciis SemuSaveba.
es procesi amocanis amoxsnis process hgavs. dauSviT faqtebi,
romelTac nafici msajulebi daijereben, miuxedavad imisa, Tu
rogor Seecdeba vinme amas win aRudges. problema mdgomareobs
iseTi hipoTezis CamoyalibebaSi, romelic aseT faqtebsac Sei-
cavs da amavdroulad klientis udanaSaulobazec metyvelebs.
ifiqreT, Tu rogor SeiZleba es marTali iyos.
31
 amocanis gadasawyvetad gamoiyeneT `gonebrivi Sturmis~ (brein-
sTormingi) meTodi:
a) gamoiyeneT faqtebis yvela SesaZlo kombinacia damna-
Saveobis/udanaSaulobis suraTis aRmosaCenad;
b) moiZieT sasurveli ganmartebebi da daskvnebi;
g) gaagrZeleT fiqri da faqtebis damuSaveba iqamde, sanam
damnaSaveobis/udanaSaulobis hipoTezaze ar CamoyalibdebiT.
Tumca, prokurorma/ advokatma aseve dacvis/braldebis
Teoriaze Setevac unda moamzados. moiZieT sisusteebi sx-
vadasxva analizis meSveobiT:
a) mecnieruli analizi im mecnierul testebTan dakav-
SirebiT, romlebic ar Catarebula;
b) sagamoZiebo analizi im gamoZiebasTan mimarTebaSi, ro-
melic ar Catarebula;
g) Seusabamobebis analizi TiToeuli Cvenebis Seusabamo-
bebTan mimarTebaSi, mowmeTa Cvenebebs Soris da Cvenebebsa da
realur faqtebs Soris;
d) drois analizi imis saCveneblad, rom mowmeTa Cve-
nebebi ar Seesabameba dros, rodesac movlenebs hqonda ad-
gili;
e) motivis analizi Cvenebis micemisa da mxareebis qmede-
bebis mizezebisTvis;
v) gonivrulobis analizi. gansazRvreT, Seefereba Tu
ara aRwerili qmedebebi gonivruli adamianis qmedebebs. na-
ficma msajulebma SesaZloa uaryon Cveneba mxolod imitom,
rom is ar aris gonivruli. es argumentaciis sakiTxs wa-
moWris: `aqvs Tu ara azri imas, rom...~
amdenad, moifiqreT rac SeiZleba meti kiTxva saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT arsebuli faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT. magali-
TisaTvis: ratom ityoda policiis oficeri, rom Tqveni
klientis Sarvlidan narkotikebi amoiRo, Tu es sinamdvi-
leSi ar momxdara? ratom icdida gaupatiurebis saqmeSi
dazaralebuli erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi, sanam Tavisi gau-
patiurebis Sesaxeb vinmes uambobda? Tu TiTqosda iaraRis
gamoyenebiT yaCaRobas hqonda adgili, ratom dRemde ver
iqna iaraRi amoRebuli? SekiTxvaTa raodenoba SeuzRudavia,
32
ase rom moifiqreT rac SeiZleba bevri. arsebobs imis alba-
Toba, rom, nafic msajulebsac bevri is kiTxva gauCndebaT,
romelsac Tqven moifiqrebT. Tqveni unari gasceT pasuxebi
am SekiTxvebs, an datovoT nafici msajulebi pasuxebis ga-
reSe, gansazRvravs saqmis Sedegs. gaxsovdeT, rom pasuxgau-
cemelma SekiTxvebma saqmeSi SesaZloa eWvebi gaaCinos. nafi-
ci msajulebis pasuxgaucemeli SekiTxvebiT datoveba, rom-
lebic mowinaaRmdege mxaris Teoriis mimarT kiTxvebs aCens,
SesaZloa iseTive Rirebuli iyos, rogorc maTTvis, Tqveni
azriT, sasargebloa pasuxebis SeTavazeba.
ifiqreT gzebze, Tu rogor upasuxoT Tqveni saqmisaTvis
yvelaze sasargeblo kiTxvebs da moifiqreT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi, romlebzec pa-
suxis gacema SeuZlebeli iqneba.
im SekiTxvebis gaTviTcnobierebiT, romlebic SesaZloa
nafic msajulebs gauCndeT, Tqven moipovebT upiratesobas
sasamarTlo procesebisTvis mzadebisas.
sasamarTlo procesisTvis sarwmuno ambis
momzadeba. saqmis Teoriis ganviTareba.
mtkicebulebebis Sefaseba
Tqveni saqmis efeqturad warmodgenisa da `warmatebis~
miRwevis mizniT, prokurors/advokats erTiani, sarwmuno da
logikuri `saqmis Teoria~ unda hqondes.
ra aris `warmateba?~ magaliTad, dacvis mxarisTvis war-
mateba yovelTvis ar niSnavs `udanaSaulod cnobas~. es aseve
SeiZleba iyos:
a) ufro msubuqi msjavrdeba (magaliTad, mkvlelo-
ba Semamsubuqebel garemoebebSi ganzrax mkvlelobis
nacvlad, a.S.);
b) warmatebuli argumenti mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis
Taobaze;
g) sasurveli saproceso SeTanxmeba;
33
 d) warmatebuli iuridiuli argumenti/braldebis moxsna;
e) gasaCivreba da politikis Secvla.
v) Tqveni klientisTvis kargi variantebisa da sasurveli
samarTlebrivi garemos SemuSaveba.
warmatebis misaRwevad prokurorma/advokatma unda Sei-
muSavos samarTlebrivi da faqtobrivi dasabuTebis erTiani da
sarwmuno gza, romelic misi saqmis faqtebsa da garemoebebs
da moqmed kanonmdeblobas faravs da maT misi dacvis miznebis
Tanmxvedr martiv TeoriaSi aerTianebs.
kargi Teoria saqmis da sasamarTlo procesis yvela aspeq-
tze vrceldeba. is Tqvens strategias da azrovnebis process
warmarTavs. is ganasxvavebs mniSvnelovans da umniSvnelos;
kargs da cuds.. is Tqven gxelmZRvanelobT maSin, rodesac
wyvetT, Tu romel brZolaSi CaebaT, ra daTmoT da rogori
arCevani gaakeToT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tavidanve unda ifiqroT, Tu ra
mtkicebulebebia saWiro Tqveni SesaZlo saqmis Teoriebis
Camosayalibeblad:
1. mowmeebi;
2. dokumentebi, romelTa mopovebac klients SeuZlia;
3. dokumentebi, romlebic sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis
Taobaze sasamarTlo uwyebas axlavs Tan;
4. gamoZieba;
5. nivTmtkicebebi;
6. vizualuri damxmare masala.
mas Semdeg, rac moaxdineT Tqvens saqmeSi yvela poten-
ciurad mniSvnelovani faqtis identificireba da ganixileT,
Tu romeli SeiZleba iyos sasargeblo da romeli poten-
ciurad yvelaze saziano, Tqven unda ganixiloT dasaSvebobis
sakiTxebi, ris Sedegad ukve kargad aRiqvamT garkveuli mt-
kicebulebebis dauSveblad cnobis Sansebs. bolos, Tqven unda
ifiqroT SekiTxvebze, romlebic nafic msajulebs SeiZleba
mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT gauCndeT, da Tu rogor upa-
suxebT Tqven am sakiTxebs an Tu rogor gamoiyenebT maT
Tqvens sasargeblod. axla Tqven mzad xarT saqmis Teoriis
SesamuSaveblad.
34
saqmis Teoria warmoadgens saqmeSi arsebul samarTlebriv
sakiTxebTan Tqveni ambis adaptacias. saqmis Teoria gamoxat-
uli unda iyos erT abzacSi, romelic ise uxamebs erTmaneTs
faqtobriv garemoebebs da kanons, rom gamotanili daskvnebis
Sedegad Tqvenma klientma gaimarjvos.8
rodesac vambobT `saqmis Teoria~, Cven vsaubrobT gacile-
biT metze, vidre erT an orsityvian gancxadebaze imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ra aris Tqveni dacva. Tqveni saqmis Teoria aris struq-
tura, romlis garSemoc ganviTardeba Tqven mier monaTxrobi
ambavi. saqmis Teoria Tqveni ambis formas ayalibebs. saq-
mis Teoria gadmoscems Temas, warmoadgens monawile gmirebs
da aCens emocias, romelic aucilebelia nafici msajulebis
`SesaZravad~. saqmis Teoria dacviT iwyeba. Semdeg is moicavs
Tqvens strategias, Tu rogor logikurad aiZulebs nafic
msajulebs TiToeuli mowme da mniSvnelovani mtkicebuleba
daeTanxmon dacvas. es aris imis axsna, Tu rogor ewyoba
erTmaneTs saqmis yvela komponenti imisTvis, rom naficma
msajulebma TqvenTvis sasurveli daskvnebi gamoitanon. saqmis
Teoria sam komponents Seicavs: samarTlebrivs, faqtobrivs
da emociurs.
iseve, rogorc Tqveni Teoria logikaze unda axdendes
apelirebas, Tqveni Temac moralis Zalas unda exmianebodes.
logikuri Teoria faqtebis Semfasebels amcnobs mizezebs,
rom TqvenTvis sasurveli verdiqti iyos gamotanili. moral-
uri Tema ki imis demonstrirebas axdens, Tu ratom unda iyos
es verdiqti gamotanili. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tqveni Tema
_ saukeTeso saxiT warmodgenili erT winadadebaSi _ Tqveni
Teoriis moralurobas amarTlebs da saqmeSi samarTlianobis
zeims moiTxovs.9
8 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 22.
9 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 23.
35
 magaliTad kanonis Tanaxmad, sxvadasxva danaSaulis dac-
vis zogadi aRwera SesaZloa erT an or sityvaSi gamoixa-
tos. dacva gveubneba raRac samarTlebrivad racionalurs,
Tu ratom aris braldebuli udanaSaulo. Cveul magaliTebs
Sorisaa: mcdari amocnoba (zogadad gulisxmobs raime aragan-
zraxs), gayalbeba (ganzrax), alibi (SesaZloa adgili hqondes
mcdari amocnobis an gayalbebisas), Tavdacva, Tanxmoba, maxeSi
gabma, danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas udanaSaulod yofna, da a.S.
dacva gvawvdis Zalian zogad ideas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom
miviCnevT, rom naficma msajulebma Cveni klienti udanaSau-
lod unda cnon. is ufro vrceli saqmis Teoriis samarT-
lebriv komponentad gvevlineba. Tumca, is arafers gveubneba
im taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebis Taobaze, romlebic miznamde
migviyvans. saqmis Teoria ufro yovlismomcvelia. is dac-
viT iwyeba, magram aseve moicavs im strategiebs, romlebsac
Tqven TiToeul mowmesTan an mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi
gamoiyenebT. saqmis Teoria pasuxs gascems mraval SekiTxvas,
romelic savarjiSos ganxorcielebisas CamovwereT. es saqmis
Teoriis faqtobrivi da emociuri komponentebis ganviTarebiT
miiRweva.
Tu Tqven dacvis mxares warmoadgenT, maSin saqme Sesa-
Zlo dacvis safuZvlis ganxilviT unda daiwyoT. saqmeTa um-
ravlesoba ramdenime SesaZlo dacvis arCevis SesaZleblobas
gvaZlevs. SemoqmedebiTad SexedeT saqmes. am etapze arc erTi
SesaZlebloba ar gamoricxoT. ganixileT dacvis Semdegi kat-
egoriebi:
1. saxelmwifo ver SeZlebs daamtkicos danaSaulis yvela
elementi. zogjer danaSaulis elementis damtkicebis SeuZle-
blobas saxelmwifos mxridan pirdapir braldebulis gamar-
Tlebamde mivyavarT (am dacvasTan erTad gadmocemuli ambis
Tanaxmad danaSauls saerTod ar hqonia adgili) da zogjer
ki saqme ufro msubuqi danaSaulis CadenisTvis msjavrdeb-
iT sruldeba (am SemTxvevaSi ambis Tanaxmad, marTalia, Cemma
klientma raRac cudi Caidina, magram ara is, rasac braldeba
ambobs). pirveli SemTxvevis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos gaupati-
urebis saqme, sadac saxelmwifo ver adasturebs im elements,
36
rom seqsualur kavSirs adgili dazaralebulis nebis winaaR-
mdeg hqonda. meore SemTxvevis magaliTi SeiZleba iyos bral-
deba ganzrax mkvlelobis CadenaSi, rodesac dacvis Tanaxmad
klienti Sesabamisi provocirebis Sedegad afeqtis mdgomareo-
baSi moqmedebda. aq Cven mkvlelobas vaRiarebT, magram viTxovT
ganzraxvis Semamsubuqebeli elementis warmoCenas.
2. SesaZloa saxelmwifom daamtkicos, rom danaSauls
hqonda adgili, magram ver daamtkicos, rom piri, vinc es
danaSauli Caidina, Tqveni klienti iyo. es aris dacva mcdari
amocnobis meSveobiT, rodesac TviTmxilveli mowme SecdomiT
iSvers TiTs Tqveni klientisken an gulwrfeli Secdomis an
ganzrax tyuilis gamo.
3. SesaZloa saxelmwifom daamtkicos danaSaulis ele-
mentebi, magram Tqvens klients gasamarTlebeli sababi aRmo-
aCndes. es aris gamarTlebis safuZvliT dacvis SemTxvevebi
(magaliTad Zlieri sulieri aRelveba da a.S.).
4. SesaZloa Tqvenma klientma danaSauli Caidina, magram
mas kanonismieri sapatio mizezi hqonda. es aris sapatio
mizeziT dacvis SemTxvevebi (Seuracxadoba, aucilebeli mo-
gerieba, ukiduresi aucilebloba, da a.S.).
5. SesaZloa Tqvenma klientma danaSauli Caidina, magram
man amisTvis pasuxi ar unda agos. es bolo kategoria re-
alurad samarTlebriv dacvas ar warmoadgens. es aris nafici
msajulebis emociebze apelireba, rom maT Tqvens klients
danaSauli `apation~ ama Tu im mizezis gamo. amas nafic
msajulTa mier anulireba ewodeba. Tqven, savaraudod, amis
Sesaxeb pirdapir ver idavebT da am kategoriis Taobaze naf-
ic msajulTaTvis instruqcias namdvilad ver miiRebT. es
ukanaskneli imedis strategiaa.
mas Semdeg, rac TiToeuli dacvis safuZvelTan dakavSire-
biT SemoqmedebiTi kuTxiT ifiqrebT, unda daiwyoT TiToeuli
maTganisTvis saqmis Teoriis Camoyalibeba. amisaTvis gaiTval-
iswineT faqtebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, saqmis Semadgene-
li nawili iqneba `gonebrivi Sturmis~ meTodis gamoyenebis
Sedegad Tqveni analizis safuZvelze. ifiqreT, Tu rogor
37
SeiZleba TiToeuli am faqtis gamoyeneba Tqveni dacvis gasa-
Zliereblad. am faqtebidan romeli SegiZliaT miiRoT? aseve,
gaiTvaliswineT, Tu romeli faqtebia yvelaze problematuri
konkretuli dacvis SemTxvevaSi. es, savaraudod, is faqtebi
iqneba, romlebzec imuSavebT. aseve, ifiqreT SekiTxvebzec,
romlebic nafic msajulebs gauCndebaT am faqtebTan dakav-
SirebiT am konkretul dacvasTan mimarTebaSi. saqmis Semad-
geneli faqtebisa da nafic msajulTaTvis yvelaze metad sain-
tereso SekiTxvebis safuZvelze Tqven axla unda daiwyoT
strategiis SemuSaveba TiToeul mowmesTan da mtkicebule-
basTan mimarTebaSi. TiToeul mowmesTan da mtkicebulebasTan
mimarTebaSi SerCeuli es strategiebi erTiani saqmis Teoriis
nawili gaxdeba.
dacvis Teoriis faqtobrivi komponentis garda, Tqven emo-
ciuri komponentic unda SeimuSaoT. romeli emociuri Teme-
bia saxeze, romelTa wamowevac saWiro iqneba, raTa naficma
msajulebma Tqveni saqmis Teoria miiRon? rogori damokideb-
uleba gsurT hqondeT nafic msajulebs Tqveni saqmis Teoriis
gmirebisa da mniSvnelovani movlenebis mimarT? es emociuri
Temebic Tqveni saqmis Teoriis arsebiTi mniSvnelobis kompo-
nenti iqneba.
mokled rom iTqvas, Tqveni saqmis Teoria dacvis safuZvliT
iwyeba. Semdeg is moicavs yvela strategiul gadawyvetile-
bas, romelsac TiToeul mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi iRebT.
dacvis TiToeul safuZvelTan mimarTebaSi, romelzec Camoy-
alibdebiT, unda hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, Tu rogori iqneba
TamaSis gegma TiToeuli mowmisa da mtkicebulebasTan mimarTe-
baSi, raTa es taqtikuri variantebi dacvis Teoriis gamyare-
bas saukeTeso gziT moemsaxuros. amis Semdgom geqnebaT sul
mcire erTi saqmis Teoria TiToeuli dacvis safuZvlisTvis,
romelzec CamoyalibdebiT. Tqveni saqmis Teoria iqneba ambavi
yvela mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb, da Tu rogor midis is Tqveni
saqmis daskvnamde. airCieT saqmis Teoria, romelsac, Tqveni
38
azriT, sasamarTlo procesze warmatebis saukeTeso SesaZle-
bloba eqneba.10
warmatebuli Teoria Semdeg elementebs Seicavs:11
is logikuria. `gamarjvebul Teorias logikuri Zala aqvs.
is efuZneba udavo an sxvagvarad sarwmuno faqtebs.. faqtebi,
romlebsac Tqveni Teoria efuZneba, erTimeores unda aZlie-
rebdes (da arasodes ewinaaRmdegebodes). marTlac, erTs me-
oresTan unda mivyavdeT ise, rom TiToeuli faqti momdevno
faqts gulisxmobdes, mowesrigebuli da aucilebeli saxiT.~
is Tqveni saqmis samarTlebriv elementebze migviTiTebs. `sa-
samarTlo procesze Tqven mier ganxorcielebuli yvela dar-
wmunebis mcdeloba `samarTlebriv~ daskvnas unda amyarebdes.
Tqveni Teoria ara mxolod imas unda adgendes, rom Tqveni
klienti kargi da sandoa (an rom meore mxare cudi da uRir-
sia), aramed imasac, rom kanonic Tqvens mxarezea. amdenad,
Tqveni Teoria unda amtkicebdes yvela samarTlebriv ele-
ments, romelic aucilebelia moTxovnili verdiqtis gasamar-
Tleblad.~
is martivia. `kargi Teoria udavo faqtebidan maqsimalurs
iRebs. is rac SeiZleba naklebad eyrdnoba mtkicebulebebs,
10 dacvis erTi da imave safuZvlis gamoyenebisas Tqven SesaZloa
gqondeT erTze meti strategia konkretul mowmesTan an mtkicebulebasTan
mimarTebaSi. magaliTad, SesaZloa muSaobdeT Tavdasxmis saqmeze, romelSic
fiqrobT gamoiyenoT Tavdacvis dacvis safuZveli. erT-erTi mowme SesaZloa iyos
dazaralebulis megobari gogo. igi ambobs, Tu rogor dainaxa, Tqvenma klientma
Cxubi rom wamoiwyo. mis sawinaaRmdegod erT-erTi strategiis farglebSi
SegiZliaT amtkicoT, rom man es Tavisi megobari biWis dasaxmareblad moigona.
sxva strategiis Tanaxmad SegiZliaT amtkicoT, rom mas Cxubis dawyeba ar
daunaxavs da, rom rodesac man danaSaulis adgilisken gaixeda, mis megobar
biWs ukve moqneuli hqonda muSti. amdenad, Tavdacvis dacvis safuZvliT Tqven
SesaZloa saqmis or Teorias ixilavdeT. Tqven erT-erTi unda amoarCioT.
11 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi 2000 weli, gv. 23.
39
romlebic advilad eqvemdebareba SewinaaRmdegebas, dauSvebe-
lia, an romelTa damtkicebac sxvagvarad rTulia.~
is advilad dasajerebelia. `marTali~ Teoriis dajerebac
ki SesaZloa rTuli iyos, radgan is yoveldRiur gamocdile-
bas ewinaaRmdegeba an mkacr gansjas saWiroebs. Tqven unda
iswrafvodeT Tqveni Teoriidan yvela naklebad damajerebeli
elementis amoRebisken. analogiurad, unda SeecadoT Tavidan
aiciloT argumentebi, romlebic tyuilis, gayalbebis, boro-
ti zraxvis an pirovnuli Tavdasxmis mtkicebazea damokidebu-
li. Seuval Teorias SeuZlia meore mxaris saqme mTlianobaSi
moicvas da mainc Tqveni gamarjveba moitanos aSkara logikuri
Zalis safuZvelze.~
aqedan gamomdinare, prokuroris/advokatis ZiriTadi
mizani aris daarwmunos faqtebis Semfasebeli misi Teori-
is sisworeSi misi Temis moraluri berketis mudmivi moq-
medebiT. amis misaRwevad, arsebobs oTxi ZiriTadi saSualeba:
(1) nafici msajulebisadmi mimarTva, romelic Sesavali da
daskvniTi sityvebisgan Sedgeba; (2)pirdapir dakiTxvaze da,
ufro naklebad, jvaredin dakiTxvaze Cvenebis miReba; (3) mt-
kicebulebebis, maT Soris nivTmtkicebebisa da dokumenturi
mtkicebulebebis warmodgena; da (4) yvelaferi sxva, rasac
prokurori/advokati sasamarTlo darbazSi akeTebs, maT So-
ris is, Tu rogor gamoiyureba, moqmedebs, reagirebs, metyve-
lebs, moZraobs, dgas, zis da a.S.12
sasamarTlo procesisTvis saTanado mzadeba bolodan
iwyeba. namdvilad Wkvianuria, Tu Tqvens daskvniT sityvas
pirvel rigSi dagegmavT, radgan sasamarTlo procesis es
etapi yvelaze metad hgavs ambis moyolas; is aris proce-
sis erTaderTi elementi, sadac Tqven neba darTuli gaqvT
SesTavazoT da gaakeToT daskvnebi an faqtebis Semfaseblebs
warudginoT Tqveni Teoria, rogorc erTi mTliani. sxva si-
tyvebiT rom vTqvaT, daskvniTi sityvis dros Tqven yvelaze
meti Tavisufleba gaqvT TqvaT yvelaferi, risi Tqmac gsurT,
12 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 25.
40
xarT ra SezRuduli mxolod im moTxovniT, rom yvela ar-
gumenti damowmebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebiT, romelic sa-
samarTloSi iqna gamokvleuli (sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsi, 251-e muxli, 1-li nawili). aqedan gamomdinare,
Tu Tqveni momzadebis dasawyisSi Tqvens daskvniT sityvas
dagegmavT, Tqven Semdeg SeZlebT ise daabalansoT Tqveni saqme,
rom sasamarTloSi gamokvleuli iyos yvela faqti, romelic
daskvniTi sityvisTvis dagWirdebaT.13
Tqven Tavs es ori kiTxva dausviT: risi Tqma msurs saqmis
dasasruls? romeli mtkicebulebis wardgena an gamovlena
mWirdeba, raTa vTqva is, risi Tqmac msurs? pasuxebi Tqveni
mTliani saqmis farTo monaxazs CamogiyalibebT.14
saqmis dagegmvisas prokurorma/advokatma, pirvel rigSi,
unda Camoweros samarTlebrivi elementebi braldebis/dacvis
TiToeuli safuZvlisTvis, ris damtkicebasac igi imedovnebs
da Semdeg ukve Camoweros mtkicebulebaTa nusxa, romelic
mas aqvs TiToeuli am elementis gasamyareblad. savaraudod,
mtkicebulebaTa ZiriTadi nawili mowmeTa Cvenebebis saxiT
iarsebebs, magram zogierTi mtkicebuleba dokumentis, real-
uri nivTebis an nivTmtkicebebis saxiTac iqneba mopovebuli.
TiToeuli aseTi mtkicebulebisTvis prokurorma/advokatma
unda moiniSnos mowme, romlis saSualebiTac igi am mtkiceb-
ulebis daSvebas Seecdeba.15
TiToeuli mowme individualurad SeafaseT. prokurorma/ad-
vokatma unda warmoidginos, Tu ris Tqmas isurvebda igi
daskvniT sityvaSi TiToeuli mowmis Sesaxeb, romelic dah-
kiTxa. Tqven Tavs hkiTxeT: ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia am
mowmes Cems TeoriaSi? romeli pozitiuri faqtebis wardgena
SemiZlia am mowmis meSveobiT? arseboben Tu ara sxva mowmeebi
amave faqtebTan mimarTebaSi? aris Tu ara es mowme efeqturi
13 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi 2000 weli, gv. 24-25.
14 iqve.
15 iqve.
41
iaraRi Cemi TemisTvis? ra SemiZlia vTqva am mowmis Sesaxeb,
rac logikurad da moralurad damajerebeli iqneba? mas Sem-
deg, rac TiToeuli mowmis Sesaxeb yvela `pozitiur~ infor-
macias moagrovebT, yvela SesaZlo problemisa da sisustis
ganxilvaze unda gadaxvideT.16
faqtobrivi sisusteebi. Tqven Tavs hkiTxeT: iqneba Tu ara,
savaraudod, mowmis CvenebaSi Seusabamobebi an xarvezebi?
flobs Tu ara mowme saziano informacias, romelic, savarau-
dod, jvaredin dakiTxvaze gamomJRavndeba? Tu romelime am
SekiTxvaze pasuxi dadebiTia, rogor SeZlebT am probleme-
bis minimumamde dayvanas? SegiZliaT Tu ara SeusabamobaTa
gamosworeba Tqveni Teoriis gadafasebiT? SeuZlia Tu ara
sxva mowmes xarvezebi Seavsos? SegiZliaT Tu ara potenci-
urad saziano faqtebis ganmuxtva maTi pirdapir dakiTxvaze
gamotaniT?17 yvela es SekiTxva gaiTvaliswineT da saukeTeso
saSualebiT gadawyviteT.
mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. TiToeuli mow-
mis Cveneba Sefasebuli unda iyos mtkicebulebebTan dakavSi-
rebuli SesaZlo problemebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ar dauSvaT,
rom nebismieri mtkicebuleba an Cveneba avtomaturad dasaSve-
bia. amis nacvlad, Tqven unda SegeZloT dasaSvebobis dadebiTi
Teoriis gancxadeba yvelafer imasTan mimarTebaSi, ris SeTa-
vazebasac saqmis mimdinareobisas apirebT. gasaprotesteblad
momzadebisas Tqven Tavs hkiTxeT: rogor SevZlebdi am mtkice-
bulebis dauSveblad cnobas? Semdeg Tqveni pasuxi dagegmeT.18
damajereblobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. SesaZlo Se-
kiTxvebi: savaraudod, rogor SeiZleba mowmeze ieriSis mita-
na? eqvemdebareba Tu ara mowme diskreditacias mikerZoebis an
dainteresebis safuZvelze? eqneba Tu ara mniSvneloba aRqmas?
aris Tu ara impiCmentis SesaZlebloba adrindeli Seusabamo
16 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 25-26.
17 iqve.
18 iqve.
42
gancxadebebis safuZvelze? SegiZliaT Tu ara Tqveni pirda-
piri dakiTxvis ise Camoyalibeba, rom es problemebi Tavidan
aiciloT an minimumamde daiyvanoT?19
Tqveni yvela potenciuri mowmis wvlilis, siZliereebisa
da sisusteebis Sefasebis Semdeg SegiZliaT gadawyvitoT, Tu
romel mowmeebs dahkiTxavT. Tqveni ZiriTadi sazrunavi imaSi
darwmunebaa, rom TqvenTvis aucilebeli yvela mtkicebuleba
dasaSvebad iyos cnobili. Tqven unda gamoiZaxoT yvela mowme,
romelic gadamwyveti mniSvnelobis mqone informaciis erTad-
erTi wyaroa. iSviaTi an iZulebiTi garemoebebis garda, Tqven
unda dahkiTxoT aseve nebismieri mowme, romlis damajere-
blobas an gamoCenas Tqveni saqmis Sida logikis an moraluri
suraTis warmoCenisTvis ZiriTadi mniSvneloba eniWeba.20
yvela araarsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone mowme maTi si-
Zlierisa da sisustis gaTvaliswinebiT unda Sefasdes. unda
ifiqroT iseTi mowmeebis gamoricxvaze, romelTa Cvenebac Ses-
aZloa ganmeordes, radgan es saziano winaaRmdegobebis gamov-
lenis albaTobas zrdis. aseve sasurvelia, Tu ar gamoiZaxebT
mowmeebs, romelTa damajerebloba seriozul eWvebs badebs, an
romelTa Cvenebac gacilebiT saziano iqneba TqvenTvis, vidre
sasargeblo.21
mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni mowmeebis saboloo siaze Camoyali-
bdebiT, daalageT isini iseTi TanmimdevrobiT, romelic Tqveni
saqmisTvis yvelaze sasargeblo iqneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom
ar arsebobs calsaxa da swrafi wesebi mowmeTa Tanmimdevro-
bis gadasawyvetad, Semdegi sami principi am gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi dagexmarebaT:22
`informaciis damaxsovreba. nafic msajulebma mtkiceb-
ulebebis Sesaxeb ara mxolod unda moisminon informacia,
aramed mosmenili unda daimaxsovron kidec. kvlevebi mudmi-
19 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 26.
20 iqve.
21 iqve.
22 iqve, gv. 27.
43
vad uTiTeben im garemoebaze, rom mosamarTleebi da nafici
msajulebi ukeT imaxsovreben Cvenebebs, romelTac procesis
dasawyisSi, dabolos, ismenen. am principis Tanaxmad, Tqveni
yvelaze mniSvnelovani mowme pirveli unda dahkiTxoT da mom-
devno yvelaze mniSvnelovani mowme ki _ bolo. daiwyeT da
daasruleT Zlierad.~
`progresiis uzrunvelyofa. zogierT SemTxvevaSi `pir-
velisa da bolos~ principma gza logikuri progresiis
saWiroebas unda dauTmos. zogierTi mowme sxvaTa Cvenebebis
safuZvels qmnis. amdenad, SesaZloa aucilebeli iyos `dama-
dasturebeli~ mowmeebis procesis adreul etapze dakiTxva
rogorc logikuri ganviTarebis, ise samarTlebrivi dasaS-
vebobis kuTxiT. SegiZliaT Tqveni mowmeebis rigiToba ise
daalagoT, rom ZiriTadi movlenebis ganviTareba qronologi-
uri TanmimdevrobiT iyos gadmocemuli.~
`efeqturobis SenarCuneba. Tqveni mowmeebis saSualebiT
SesaZloa gsurdeT maqsimalurad dramatuli efeqtis moxdena.
magaliTad, mkvlelobis saqmeSi SesaZloa daiwyoT gardacv-
lili bavSvis erT-erTi mSoblis dakiTxviT. meore mxriv,
saWiro mowme, romelic amavdroulad odnav uaryofiTi an
impiCments daqvemdebarebuli pirovnebaa, savaraudod, saqmis
mimdinareobis Sua etapze unda daikiTxos, raTa misi Cveneba
daviwyebas mieces. efeqtis principis erT-erTi varianti, ro-
melic TiTqmis sayovelTao praqtikad iqca, dacvis mxaris
bolo mowmed braldebulis dakiTxvaa. am praqtikis damkvi-
drebas ori mizezi aqvs. pirvel rigSi, ukanasknel SesaZlo
momentamde xdeba im drois gadadeba, rodesac advokatma unda
gadawyvitos, dakiTxos Tu ara braldebuli da Sedegad, igi
jvaredini dahkiTxvis ieriSis qveS moaqcios. meore mxriv,
rac kidev ufro Rimilis momgvrelia, braldebulis bolos
gamoZaxeba saSualebas aZlevs mas dakiTxvamde moisminos yvela
sxva mowmis Cveneba maSin, rodesac yvela sxva mowmes amis
saSualeba ar aqvs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis dagegmva gacilebiT rTulia, vidre
44
pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis momzadeba. cxadia, yvela siurprizis-
gan Tavis dacva SeuZlebelia, magram Semdegi oTxi nabiji maT
minimumamde Seamcirebs:23
1. SeadgineT yvela potenciurad mowinaaRmdege mowmis
sia. warmoidgineT, Tu ra mizniT SeiZleba dakiTxon es
mowme. Tqvens Tavs hkiTxeT: rogor SeuZlia am mowmes
yvelaze didi ziani miayenos Cems saqmes? yovelTvis
mzad iyaviT yvelaze cudi SesaZlo alternativisTvis.
2. ifiqreT, xom ar arsebobs mowmis dakiTxvis SeuZle-
blobis safuZveli. aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi
Cvenebis misacemad? Semdeg gaiTvaliswineT, SesaZle-
belia Tu ara mosalodneli Cvenebis raime nawilis
dauSveblad cnoba. mowmis yovel SesaZlo gancxadebas-
Tan mimarTebaSi warmoidgineT mkicebulebebTan dakav-
Sirebuli yvela gonivruli protesti. igive gaakeTeT
yvela mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic Sesa-
Zloa mowmis meSveobiT iyos warmodgenili. TiToeuli
protestisTvis Tqveni argumenti dagegmeT da SesaZ-
lo kontrargumentisTvisac moemzadeT. yvela SesaZlo
protesti ar unda daayenoT, magram nebismieri SemTx-
vevisTvis mzad unda iyoT.
3. gaiTvaliswineT mowinaaRmdege mxaris TiToeuli mowmis
faqtobrivi sisusteebi. arsebobs Tu ara Seusabamo-
bebi, romelTa gamokvleva an ganviTareba SesaZlebe-
lia? eqvemdebareba Tu ara mowmis xasiaTi masze ieri-
Sis mitanas? SesaZlebelia Tu ara mowmis impiCmenti
adreuli gancxadebebis safuZvelze? rogor SeiZleba
mowmis gamoyeneba, raTa Tqveni sakuTari Tema gaaZli-
eroT?
4. daaxarisxeT yvela sasurveli informacia, romlis mop-
ovebasac mowinaaRmdege mxaris TiToeuli mowmisgan Se-
ZlebT.
23 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 28.
45
 axla, mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni saqmis ZiriTadi elementebi
da jvaredini dakiTxvebi dagegmeT, aucileblad ukan unda
mibrundeT da Tqveni saqmis TiToeuli aspeqti xelaxla Sea-
fasoT. Tqveni pirdapiri dakiTxvebi srulad amyareben da
amtkiceben Tqvens Teorias? xom ar toveben isini raime logi-
kur xarvezebs? sarwmunod miiCnevT, rom yvela TqvenTvis
saWiro mtkicebuleba daSvebulad iqneba cnobili? rogori
iqneba maTi damajereblobis xarisxi? potenciuri jvaredini
dakiTxvebis Sedegad xom ar wamoiWreba sakiTxebi, romelTac
Tqven ver gaumklavdebiT? SeZlebT Tu ara Tqveni moraluri
Temis xazgasmas yvela an umetesoba pirdapiri da jvaredini
dakiTxvebis dros? Tu am kiTxvebs warmatebiT ver pasuxobT,
maSin SesaZloa Tqveni Teoriis an Temis Secvla dagWirdeT.
Tu davuSvebT, rom Tqveni Teoria gakmayofilebT, maSin Tqven
Zalian kargi warmodgena unda gqondeT procesze ganxiluli
mtkicebulebebis Taobaze. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqmes miub-
rundiT da Tqvens daskvniT sityvas gadaxedeT. darwmundiT,
rom is srulad Seesabameba mosalodnel mtkicebulebebs da
maqsimalurad iyenebs udavod miCneul faqtebs.24
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebis
strategiuli gamoyeneba
metad sainteresoa es sakiTxi dacvis mxaris perspeq-
tividan. winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis praqtika
xSirad CrdilSia moqceuli, savaraudod, im albaTobisa da
varaudis gamo, rom SuamdgomlobaTa umravlesoba ar dakmayo-
fildeba da rom dacva jer ar aris saqmeSi `CarTuli~. am
Tavis mizania xazi gausvas Suamdgomlobebis dayenebis praq-
tikis mniSvnelobas saqmis mogebis saboloo miznis miRwevaSi.
24 stiven liube, `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~, samarTlis skolis
gamocema, sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis erovnuli instituti (NITA),
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, 2000 weli, gv. 28.
46
upirveles yovlisa, mokled mimovixiloT sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis muxlebi Suamdgomlobebis Sesaxeb:
`mxares ufleba aqvs, am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT daay-
enos Suamdgomloba ...~ (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsis me-9 muxli, me-2 nawili).
`mxareebma Suamdgomloba SeiZleba daayenon am kodeqsiT
pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT,
sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze~ (sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 93-e muxli, 1-li nawili).
`Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos werilobiTi an zepiri.
werilobiTi Suamdgomloba unda daerTos sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmes. zepiri Suamdgomloba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi,
Suamdgomloba dasabuTebuli unda iyos, masSi konkretulad
unda iyos gadmocemuli jer moTxovna da Semdeg moTxovnis
argumentacia da igi unda exebodes mxolod im garemoebebs,
romlebsac uSualo kavSiri aqvs SuamdgomlobaSi dasmul
sakiTxebTan~ (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 93-e
muxli, me-2 nawili).
`marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma dauSvebe-
lia. sasamarTlo valdebulia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT,
gansjadobis mixedviT ganixilos sisxlis samarTlis saqme,
Suamdgomloba da saCivari~ (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis me-19 muxli, me-2 nawili).
`Tu mtkicebulebis mopovebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi saga-
moZiebo an sxva saproceso moqmedebis Catareba, romelsac
braldebuli an misi advokati damoukideblad ver atarebs,
igi uflebamosilia Sesabamisi ganCinebis gamotanis Suamdgom-
lobiT mimarTos mosamarTles gamoZiebis adgilis mixedviT
...~ (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 39-e muxli, me-2
nawili).
`Tu SuamdgomlobaSi gadmocemuli moTxovnis Sesruleba
xels uwyobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis amocanebis ganx-
orcielebas, igi unda dakmayofildes ...~ (sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 94-e muxli, 1-li nawili).
sanam gadawyvetT, Tu romeli Suamdgomlobebi daayenoT,
47
`sasamarTlo procesis gegma~ unda SeimuSaoT. sasamarTlo
procesis gegma Sedgeba saqmis Teoriisgan, mowinaaRmdege mx-
aris mtkicebulebebTan gamklavebis meTodebisgan, warmosadge-
ni mtkicebulebebisgan da a.S., ise, rom prokurorma/advokatma
icodes, Tu strategiulad risi ganviTarebaa aucilebeli. sa-
samarTlo procesis gegmis Camoyalibeba da mis Tanaxmad moq-
medeba sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba sasamarTlo procesis `spon-
tanurad~ Catarebisgan. arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom
dasayenebeli Suamdgomlobebi sasamarTlo procesis gegmaSi
ewerebodes da mas aZlierebdes.
ra aris Suamdgomlobebis mizani? _ Suamdgomlobis da-
kmayofileba?! cxadia, es aris mizani da is mniSvnelovania,
magram kargi prokurori/advokati warmosaxvisa da Semoqmedeb-
iTi midgomis meSveobiT sxva miznebsac emsaxureba, rogori-
caa informaciis mopoveba (im informaciis garda, romelic
mtkicebulebebis gacvliss procesSi moipoveba, Suamdgomlo-
bebis ganxilvisas mowinaaRmdege mxarem SesaZloa ganacxados,
rom gamoiyenebs an ar gamoiyenebs garkveul mtkicebulebebs,
mowmeebs, rom warmodgenili iqneba nivTmtkicebebi, da a.S.),
Seusabamobebis dadgena, sakuTari saqmis Teoriis SemuSaveba,
faqtebis dafiqsireba oqmebSi apelaciisTvis da a.S.
Tumca, prokurori/advokati sifrTxiliT unda moekidos
Tavis mier dayenebul Suamdgomlobebs! zogjer ukeTesia na-
klebad aqtiuri poziciis arCeva, radgan Suamdgomlobebis
Sedegad SesaZloa mowinaaRmdege mxare saqmeSi `aqtiurad Caer-
Tos~, rasac sxva SemTxvevaSi ar gaakeTebda. Tavidan airideT
Suamdgomlobebis meSveobiT an sasamarTlo procesebze miniS-
nebebis micema Tqveni saqmis Teoriis Sesaxeb. Suamdgomloba
mxolod imitom ar unda iyos dayenebuli, rom es SesaZlebe-
lia. imdenad, ramdenadac Suamdgomlobebi mxarisaTvis erT-
erTi umniSvnelovanesi iaraRia sasamarTlo procesis mimdi-
nareobisas, prokurorma/advokatma kargad unda moifiqros,
sanam Suamdgomlobas daayenebs da gaiTvaliswinos, Seesabameba
Tu ara Suamdgomloba, romlis dayenebasac apirebs, mis mier
winaswar SemuSavebul sasamarTlo procesis gegmas.
48
daskvna
sasamarTlo procesze efeqturad gamosvla, saboloo jam-
Si, uamrav fiqrs da SemoqmedebiT midgomas saWiroebs. unda
ixelmZRvaneloT SeTanxmebuli modeliT, romelic SesaZle-
blobas mogcemT mravali ubralo faqti procesze prezen-
taciisTvis erTian ambad aqcioT. magaliTisTvis, erTi aseTi
modeli qvemoT aris mocemuli:
(1) saqmis analizis gegma
a. faqtebis Segroveba
1. ganixileT yvela potenciurad mniSvnelovani faqti.
2. SeinarCuneT neitraloba faqtebis wyaroebis mimarT.
b. faqtebis analizi / `mtkicebulebebis gamoricxva~
1. gansazRvreT, romeli faqtebia saziano da romeli sa-
sargeblo.
2. ganixileT saziano faqtebis dauSveblad cnobis gzebi.
3. ganixileT sasargeblo faqtebis dasaSvebad cnobis gze-
bi.
g. SekiTxvebis dasma faqtebTan dakavSirebiT
1. ifiqreT SekiTxvebze, romlebic SeiZleba nafic msaju-
lebs faqtebTan dakavSirebiT gauCndeT.
2. saziano faqtebis Taobaze SekiTxvebTan dakavSire-
biT ifiqreT, Tu rogor SeuZlia braldebas am SekiTxvebs
gaumklavdes da Tu risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT, raTa SekiTxvebze
braldebisTvis damakmayofilebeli pasuxebi ar iyos gacemuli.
3. sasargeblo faqtebis Taobaze SekiTxvebTan dakavSire-
biT ifiqreT, Tu rogor SegiZliaT maTze nafici msajule-
bisTvis damakmayofilebeli pasuxebis gacema.
(2) saqmis Teoriis ganviTareba
a. gansazRvreT braldebis/dacvis yvela SesaZlo safuZve-
li (samarTlebrivi komponenti).
b. braldebis/dacvis TiToeuli safuZvlidan gamomdina-
re gaiTvaliswineT Tqveni strategia TiToeul mowmesTan da
49
mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi (faqtobrivi da emociuri kom-
ponentebi).
g. airCieT saqmis Teoria, romelic yvelaze misaRebia
Tqvens saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
d. strategiulad gamoiyeneT Suamdgomlobebi Tqveni
dacvis Teoriis Camosayalibeblad.
(3) sasamarTlo procesze efeqturi gamosvlisTvis ambis Cam-
oyalibeba.
TiToeul mowmesTan da mtkicebulebasTan mimarTebaSi Camoaya-
libeT sarwmuno ambavi, romelic Tqveni saqmis Teorias amyarebs.
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis mixedviT
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadoba
saqarTvelos axalma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsma, romelic ZalaSi 2010 wlis 1 oqtombridan
Sevida, warmogvidgina mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi qarTul
sisxlis samarTlis sistemaSi. yuradsaRebi inovaciebi,
gaTvaliswinebuli axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kanonmdeblobiT, moicavs SejibrebiTobis principze
dafuZnebuli sistemis SemoRebas, nacvlad inkviziciuri
sistemisa da nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos danergvas. nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlo Tavdapirvelad warmodgenil iqna
mxolod Tbilisis masStabiT, Tumca gaTvaliswinebulia misi
gavrceleba saqarTvelos sxva regionebzec momdevno 4 wlis
ganmavlobaSi.
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos droebiTi gansjadoba
gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
saproceso kodeqsis 330-e muxliT, romelic gansazRvravs,
rom:
1. `2011 wlis 1 oqtombramde nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo
50
moqmedebs mxolod Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi da
ganixilavs misi teritoriuli gansjadobisTvis mikuTvnebul,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (mxolod damTavrebulis)
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas,
Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (mxolod
damTavrebulis) CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes
am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo.~
11. `2011 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2012 wlis 1 oqtombramde
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo moqmedebs mxolod Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTloSi da ganixilavs misi teritoriuli
gansjadobisTvis mikuTvnebul, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas,
Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSic edeba,
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT
ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.~
2. `2012 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2014 wlis 1 oqtombramde
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi
ganixilavs misi teritoriuli gansjadobisTvis mikuTvnebul,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-e da 137-e
muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebs. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 111-e an/da
137-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSic edeba,
sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT
ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.~
3. `2012 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2014 wlis 1 oqtombramde
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis saqmeebs nafic msajulTa
monawileobiT, pirveli instanciis wesiT ganixilaven
Tbilisisa da quTaisis saqalaqo sasamarTloebi. danaSaulTa
erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis
51
samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli
danaSaulis CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am
kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo.~
nafic msajulTa SerCeva
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
Tanaxmad (muxli 27-e) nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba
12 msajulisgan da 2 saTadarigo msajulisgan, garda s.s.s.
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. kerZod, nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar unda iyos eqvsze
naklebi msajuli naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa
saqmeebze, rvaze naklebi _ mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa
saqmeebze, aTze naklebi _ gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis
danaSaulTa saqmeebze.
manam, sanam nafic msajulTa mier sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva daiwyeba, mxareebi winaswar mowveuli
kandidatebisgan irCeven msajulTa, konkretuli kategoriis
saqmisTvis saWiro, Semadgenlobas.
nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomamde mosamarTle,
samoqalaqo reestris erovnuli saagentos mier winaswar
gagzavnili 18 wels miRweul moqalaqeTa erTiani siidan,
mxareTa mosazrebebis mosmenis Semdeg, SemTxveviTi SerCevis
principiT adgens nafici msajulobis kandidatTa sias, ara
umetes 100 piris SemadgenlobiT. SerCeuli nafici msajulobis
kandidatTa siaSi mieTiTeba piris gvari da saxeli, rasac
xels awers sxdomis Tavmjdomare da siis aslebs gadacems
mxareebs. nafici msajulobis kandidatebs msajulTa SerCevis
sxdomamde egzavnebaT uwyeba, sadac miTiTebulia sxdomis
dawyebis dro, adgili da gamocxadebis savaldebulooba (sssk
221-e muxlis pirveli, meore, meoTxe da mexuTe, nawilebi).
nafici msajulobis kandidatebs msajulTa SerCevis
sxdomamde gonivrul vadaSi sacxovrebeli adgilis misamarTze
egzavnebaT mosamarTlis mier mxareebTan moTaTbirebis
safuZvelze damtkicebuli kiTxvari. nafic msajulTa kandidati
valdebulia upasuxos kiTxvebs kiTxvarSi miTiTebul vadaSi
52
(sssk-is 221-e muxlis, pirveli nawili).
mosamarTle uflebamosilia daiwyos sxdoma da msajulTa
SerCevis procedura im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu sasamarTloSi
msajulobis 50-ze naklebi kandidati gamocxaddeba.
msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis gaxsnisa da Sesabamisi pirveladi
procedurebis gatarebis Semdeg, mosamarTle msajulobis
kandidatebs miawvdis mxareTa monawileobiT momzadebul
ganmartebebs gamosayenebeli kanonis Taobaze. amis Semdeg,
mosamarTle amowmebs yvela garemoebas, romelic SeiZleba
gaxdes msajulobis kandidatis acilebis (TviTacilebis)
safuZveli, da mxareebs saSualebas aZlevs, SekiTxvebi dausvan
msajulobis kandidatebs da warmoadginon damatebiTi masalebi
acilebis Taobaze (sss k-is 222-e muxli da 223-e muxlis
meore nawili)
mosamarTle uflebamosilia mosTxovos mxareebs misTvis
winaswar im SekiTxvebis wardgena, romelTa msajulobis
kandidatebisTvis dasmasac isini apireben; es ar zRudavs
mxareebs, rom dasvan damazustebeli kiTxvebi. msajulobis
kandidati valdebulia swori da amomwuravi pasuxebi gasces
misTvis dasmul SekiTxvebs, warmoadginos sxva aucilebeli
informacia misi pirovnebisa da gansaxilveli saqmis
monawileebTan misi urTierTobis Taobaze, agreTve yvela im
garemoebis Taobaze, romelmac SeiZleba mas xeli SeuSalos
saqmis obieqturad da miukerZoeblad ganxilvaSi (sssk-is
223-e muxlis mesame da meoTxe nawilebi).
msajulobis kandidatisTvis dasmuli SekiTxvebi ar
unda xelyofdes mis pirad, profesiul an/da komerciul
saidumloebas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac es aucilebelia
marTlmsajulebis interesebisTvis. msajulobis kandidats
SeiZleba moeTxovos aRniSnuli informacia mxolod mxaris
dasabuTebuli moTxovnis arsebobisas. Tu aRniSnuli
informaciis gamJRavnebam SeiZleba gamousworebeli ziani
miayenos mis interesebs, msajulobis kandidati informacias
awvdis mxolod uSualod sxdomis Tavmjdomares (sssk-is
223-e muxlis mexuTe nawili).
nafici msajulobis kandidati valdebulia kanoniT
53
gansazRvruli acilebis safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi es
acnobos sasamarTlos uwyebis miRebidan 2 dRis ganmavlobaSi.
msajulobis kandidats, aseve SeuZlia mosamarTlis winaSe
daayenos Suamdgomloba TviTacilebis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos
im garemoebaze, romelic mas xels SeuSlis nafici msajulis
uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaSi. TviTacileba dasabuTebuli
unda iyos. mxareebs ufleba aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi
damokidebuleba msajulobis kandidatis TviTacilebisadmi
(sssk-is 221-e muxlis meeqvse nawili da 223-e muxlis meSvide
nawili).
pirs ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados nafici msajulis mo-
valeobis Sesrulebaze (sssk-is 31-e muxli):
a) Tu ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi ukve iyo nafici
msajuli;
b) Tu asrulebs iseT samuSaos, romelSic misi Secvla
gamoiwvevs mniSvnelovan zians;
g) janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo;
d) Tu xangrZlivad imyofeba an miemgzavreba saqarTvelos
farglebs gareT;
e) Tu 70 wels gadacilebulia.
mxare uflebamosilia daayenos msajulobis kandidatis
acilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba. acilebis uflebas pirvelad
axorcielebs braldebis mxare, xolo Semdeg _ dacvis mxare
(sssk-is 223-e muxlis pirveli nawili). mxareebs SeuZli-
aT gamoiyenon, rogorc dasabuTebuli, aseve dausabuTebeli
Suamdgomlobebi.
piri ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monaw-
ileobas nafic msajulad, Tu arsebobs sss kodeqsiT dadge-
nili nafici msajulis acilebis romelime safuZveli (sss
k-is 31-e muxli):
a) igi saxelmwifo-politikuri Tanamdebobis piria;
b) igi gamomZiebelia;
g) igi policielia;
d) igi iricxeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi;
54
e) igi sasuliero piria;
v) igi aRniSnul saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis
monawilea;
z) igi braldebulia;
T)igi narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT mox-
marebisTvis administraciul saxdeldadebuli piria;
i) misi monawileoba nafic msajulad aRniSnul saqmeSi
aSkarad usamarTlo iqneboda am piris mier gamoxatuli mo-
sazrebebis an piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze;
k) igi fsiqologia;
l) igi fsiqiatria;
m) igi iuristia.
rac Seexeba dausabuTebeli acilebis sakiTxs, Tu ward-
genili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs uvado Ta-
visuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis
gancxadebis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mxare ufle-
bamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba. Tu saqmeSi
ramdenime braldebulia, TiToeul maTgans damatebiT 3 kandi-
datis dausabuTebeli acilebis gancxadebis ufleba eZleva.
igive ufleba eZleva braldebis mxares. Tu romelime bral-
debuli srulad ar gamoiyenebs acilebis gancxadebis sakuTar
kvotas, misi gamoyenebis ufleba eniWeba imave saqmeSi sxva
braldebuls. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis mxare sargeblobs im-
denive dausabuTebeli acilebis gancxadebis uflebiT, ramden-
iTac isargebla yvela braldebulma saerTo jamSi. dausabuTe-
beli acileba ar SeiZleba imgvarad iyos gamoyenebuli, rom
moxdes msajulobis kandidatTa diskriminacia rasis, kanis
feris, enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri
Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kul-
turuli da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri,
qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis,
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis ad-
gilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze (sssk-is
223-e muxlis meeqvse, meaTe da meTerTmete nawilebi).
acilebisa da TviTacilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobebs
55
mosamarTle ganixilavs sajarod da gamoaqvs dasabuTebuli
ganCineba. acilebulma msajulobis kandidatma unda datovos
sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazi. (sssk-is 223-e muxlis merve
nawili).
Tu TviTacilebisa da acilebis Semdeg msajulobis kandi-
datTa raodenoba siaSi 14-ze naklebia, mosamarTle gadadebs
sxdomas ara umetes 10 dRiT da dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad
moiwvevs damatebiT ara umetes 30 kandidats nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis sss kodeqsiT dadgenil raodeno-
bamde Sesavsebad (sssk-is 223-e muxlis mecxre nawili).
acilebis Semdeg darCenil msajulobis kandidatTagan
Tormets sxdomis Tavmjdomare niSnavs nafic msajulad, xolo
ori saqmis ganxilvaSi monawileobas miiRebs, rogorc sa-
Tadarigo msajuli. saqmis sirTulidan gamomdinare, mosamar-
Tle uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba ufro meti sa-
Tadarigo msajulis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. saTadarigo msajuli
eswreba sasamarTlo sxdomas da sasamarTlos TaTbirs. sa-
Tadarigo msajuls ufleba ara aqvs, gamoxatos sakuTari
azri, gavlena moaxdinos nafic msajulebze an monawileoba
miiRos kenWisyraSi (sssk-is 224-e muxlis pirveli da meore
nawilebi).
nafic msajulTa SerCevis proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg
sxdomis Tavmjdomare niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes, romelic
unda iyos ara ugvianes SerCevis proceduris dasrulebidan
mesame dRisa (sssk-is 224-e muxlis mesame nawili).
sxdomis Tavmjdomare nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobidan
wilisyris safuZvelze niSnavs ufros msajuls. ufrosi msa-
juli Tavmjdomareobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos TaTbirs,
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos saxeliT werilobiTi SekiTxviT
mimarTavs sxdomis Tavmjdomares, ajamebs kenWisyris saerTo
Sedegebs, adgens Sesabamis dokumentebs, xels awers verdiqts
da sasamarTlo sxdomaze acxadebs mas. ufrosi msajulis gaT-
avisuflebis SemTxvevaSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Tavisi
Semadgenlobidan wilisyris safuZvelze irCevs axal ufros
msajuls (sssk-is 233-e muxli).
56
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mosmenis Semdgom nafici msa-
julebi verdiqts iReben erTxmad. Tumca, Tu nafic msa-
julTa sasamarTlo 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ver moaxerxebs
gadawyvetilebis erTxmad miRebas, gadawyvetileba momdevno
6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi miiReba xmaTa Semdegi umravlesobiT:
Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba aranakleb 11 nafici
msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 8 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo Sedgeba 10 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiRe-
ba 7 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 9 nafici
msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 6 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlo Sedgeba 8 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba
5 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 7 an 6 na-
fici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 4 xmiT (sssk-is 261-e
muxlis mesame da meoTxe nawilebi).
Tu nafic msajulebs ar SeswevT unari, miaRwion saerTo
SeTanxmebas, sxdomis Tavmjdomare kidev erTxel ganumartavs
nafic msajulebs verdiqtis mniSvnelobas da sTxovs ufros
nafic msajuls, sxdomis Tavmjdomares moaxsenos, aris Tu ara
iseTi msajuli, romelic uars acxadebs msjelobaSi monaw-
ileobis miRebaze an romelsac aqvs interesi saqmis mimarT,
ris Sesaxebac ar ganacxada nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros.
aRniSnuli ganmartebis Semdeg sxdomis Tavmjdomare mimarTavs
nafic msajulebs, dabrundnen saTaTbiro oTaxSi da gamoi-
tanon verdiqti kanonis Sesabamisad (sssk-is 261-e muxlis
mexuTe nawili).
Tu saTaTbiro oTaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg nafici msajule-
bi momdevno 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic ver miiReben verdiqts,
mosamarTle miscems maT damatebiT gonivrul vadas an daiTxovs
maT srul Semadgenlobas da daniSnavs nafic msajulTa axali
Semadgenlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRs. Tu arc am nafic
msajulTa sasamarTlos Seswevs unari, miiRos gadawyvetileba
am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, braldebuli gamarTlebulad
iTvleba (sss.k-is 261-e muxlis meeqvse nawili).
57
 nafic msajulTa efeqturi SerCeva25
nafic msajulTa SerCeva iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc
sasamarTlo ganxilvis nebismieri sxva etapi. aucilebelia
icodeT, rogor SearCioT, an piriqiT, aiciloT konkretuli
nafici msajulobis kandidati. nafic msajulTa Semadgenloba,
sul mcire, neitraluri da miukerZoebeli kandidatebisagan
unda iyos dakompleqtebuli.
nafici msajulebis SerCevis sxdomaze, potenciuri
kandidatebis gamokiTxvisas, mxareebi oTxi ZiriTadi miznis
miRwevas cdiloben:
1. moipovon informacia nafici msajulebisagan;
2. daamyaron maTTan urTierTgageba;
3. gaacnon maT ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi;
4. daarwmunon isini sakuTari (prokuroris/advo-
katis) poziciidan Sexedon saqmes.
`Voir Dire~- (nafic msajulTa SerCevis procesi) _ aris
nafici msajulobis kandidatebTan saubris, maTi gamokiTxvis,
SerCevis da acilebis procesi.
terminis pirdapiri mniSvnelobaa `ilaparake simarTle~.
nafici msajulobis kandidatebma dasmul SekiTxvebs swo-
ri pasuxebi unda gascen.
nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma, prokuroris/advokatis
25 nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCeva _ `SerCevis sxdoma da nafici
msajulebis SerCeva~ Sesworda da qarTul enaze iTargmna `amerikis iuristTa
asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis
mier saqarTveloSi moRvawe advokatebisaTvis. teqsti amoRebulia amerikis
iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan
`SerCevis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias
(aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa
asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis
mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.
2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis
teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis
gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:
copyright@abanet.org
58
pirveli da erTaderTi SesaZleblobaa esaubros pirispir
TiToeul nafic msajuls. sasamarTlo darbazis gareT saqmeze
saubari nafic msajulebTan dauSvebelia. aseTi SesaZlebloba
prokurors/advokats mxolod sasamarTlo darbazSi, msajul-
Ta SerCevis sxdomaze eZleva, ra Tqma unda, mosamarTlisa da
mowinaaRmdege mxaris TandaswrebiT.
sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebis Semdeg, nafic msajulebT-
an kerZo (piradi) saubari mxolod sasamarTlos mandaturs,
mosamarTles da sxdomis mdivans SeuZlia. braldebuls, mow-
meebs, gamomZiebels, an nebismier sxva pirs, romelic dakav-
Sirebulia dacvis, an braldebis mxaresTan ekrZalebaT naf-
ic msajulebTan yovelgvari saubari SerCevis sxdomis das-
rulebis Semdeg rogorc sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi, aseve
mis farglebs gareT. Tuki mxare SemCneul iqna, rom esaubreba
nafic msajuls Tundac iseT umniSvnelo sakiTxze, rogoricaa
amindi, amas, savaraudod, acnobeben mosamarTles, romelic
gamoikvlevs ra sakiTxs,Aa.S.S-Si damkvidrebuli praqtikis
Tanaxmad, SesaZloa daiTxovos mTeli nafic msajulTa Semad-
genloba, xolo samarTaldamrRvev mxares daakisros jarima.
imisaTvis, rom SevarCioT Cveni saqmisTvis sasurveli nafic
msajulTa Semadgenloba, saWiroa vicodeT acilebis samarTlebrivi
safuZvlebi.
saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsi, romelic moqmedebs 2010 wlis oqtombridan, erTmniS-
vnelovnad gansazRvravs msajulTa dasabuTebuli acilebis
safuZvlebs:
muxli 30. SeuTavsebloba
piri ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monaw-
ileobas nafic msajulad, Tu arsebobs am kodeqsiT dadgenili
nafici msajulis acilebis romelime safuZveli an/da:
a) igi saxelmwifo-politikuri Tanamdebobis piria;
b) igi gamomZiebelia;
g) igi policielia;
59
 d) igi iricxeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi;
e) igi sasuliero piria;
v) igi aRniSnul saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis
monawilea;
z) igi braldebulia;
T) igi narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT mox-
marebisTvis administraciul saxdeldadebuli piria;
i) misi monawileoba nafic msajulad aRniSnul saqmeSi
aSkarad usamarTlo iqneboda am piris mier gamoxatuli mo-
sazrebebis an piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze;
k) igi fsiqologia;
l) igi fsiqiatria;
m) igi iuristia.
yvela zemoT CamoTvlili acilebis safuZveli, garda `i~
qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlisa, ukavSirdeba nafici
msajulobis kandidatis samsaxurebriv mdgomareobas an sta-
tuss.
`i~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZveli ki saWiroebs
konkretul arguments, mizezs msajulis acilebis Taobaze da
amitom, swored is unda iyos yvelaze xSirad ganviTarebuli
da gamoyenebuli mxareebis mier msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze.
`i~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli dasabuTebuli acilebis
magaliTebia: winaswari uaryofiTi ganwyoba braldebulis,
policiis an braldebis mxaris mimarT; winaswari ganwyoba
braleulobis an udanaSaulobis mimarT Seqmnili sazoga-
doebrivi saSualebebis mier; kanonis moTxovnebis ugulebe-
lyofa (mtkicebis tvirTi, gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti,
mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebuli wesebi); danaSaulis msx-
verpli an misi naTesavi, romelsac am SemTxvevis gamo jer
kidev uaryofiTi ganwyoba aqvs SemorCenili; rwmena imisa,
rom policia/prokuratura arasodes wauyenebda brals udana-
Saulo adamians an, rom policieli arasodes cruobs, an,
piriqiT, _ yovelTvis cruobs; ganwyoba, rom sxva ar unda
gansajo da a.S.
60
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 221-e muxlis I nawili
moiTxovs nafic msajulTa kiTxvaris gamoyenebas, nafic msajulTa
mier gansaxilvel yvela sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.
aRniSnuli kiTxvari mniSvnelovania, raTa prokurorma/ad-
vokatma moipovos nafici msajulobis kandidatis Sesaxeb is
saWiro informacia, romelic daexmareba mas dasabuTebuli
acilebis Sesaxeb safuZvlis moZiebasa da SeqmnaSi da, Sesabam-
isad, dausabuTebeli acilebebis mizanSewonilad gamoyenebaSi
(aRniSnul masalebs Tan erTvis nafic msajulTa kiTxvaris
nimuSi).
kiTxvari moicavs SekiTxvebs mraval sakiTxze. magaliTi-
saTvis: msajulobis kandidatis saxeli da gvari; sacxovre-
beli adgili; samsaxuri; ganaTleba; ojaxuri mdgomareoba;
raime organizaciis wevroba; wignebi da Jurnal-gazeTebi,
romlebsac kandidati kiTxulobs; kinofilmebi, romelsac is
uyurebs; samxedro samsaxuri; Svilebi; gansaxilvel saqmes-
Tan dakavSirebuli informacia da misi wyaro; nacnoboba mo-
cemul saqmeze braldebulTan an sxva procesis monawile
pirebTan; ganwyoba dacvis an braldebis mxaris, policiis,
kanonis, mtkicebis tvirTis, gonivrul eWvs miRma stand-
artis, saeqsperto kvlevebis mimarT; kandidatis religiuri
an filosofiuri Sexedulebebi, romelic xels SeuSlis mis
mier verdiqtis gamotanas, radgan miaCnia, rom ar aqvs ufleba
gansajos sxvebi; xom ar fiqrobs kandidati, rom aravis sde-
ben brals tyuilubralod? xom ar fiqrobs is, rom bralde-
buls unda mieca Cveneba policiisaTvis, an aucileblad unda
misces Cveneba sasamarTloze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es mis
sawinaaRmdegod iqneba aRqmuli; xom ar iyo kandidati an misi
axlo megobari warsulSi danaSaulis msxverpli, an dapatim-
rebuli; xom ar gaaCnia kandidats specialuri codna an war-
suli gamocdileba saqmisTvis mniSvnelovan, raime konkretul
sakiTxze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, cecxlsasroli iaraRebi an
ojaxuri Zaladoba da sxva.
prokuroris/advokatis mier nafic msajulTa kiTxvarSi
Sesatani kiTxvebi maTi Sinaarsisa da raodenobis mixedviT
SeiZleba SeizRudos, mxolod: drois faqtoridan gamomdin-
61
are, prokuroris/advokatis fantaziis Sesabamisad, sakiTxebiT
romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis iqneba miuRebeli, Tuki
aRniSnulis mizanSewonilobaSi mosamarTle ver darwmundeba.
gamoiyeneT s.s.s. kodeqsis 221-e muxlis I nawiliT gaTval-
iswinebuli nafic msajulTa kiTxvari mniSvnelovani informaciis
mosapoveblad.
mosamarTleebis mier nafic msajulTa gamosakiTxad mxa-
reebisaTvis gansazRvruli dro, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis na-
klebia, vidre amas mxare isurvebda. msajulobis kandidatebi
ki, TavSekavebulni arian gulwrfeli pasuxebis gacemisagan,
rodesac saubari ucnobi adamianebis TandaswrebiT uwevT. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, prokurori/advokati gacilebiT vrcel da
Rirebul informacias moipovebs, Tuki is nafic msajulTa
savaldebulo kiTxvars sworad da mizanmimarTulad gamoiy-
enebs. aRniSnuli kiTxvari xels uwyobs kandidats piradi
saxis informaciis da mosazrebebis ufro Tamamad gamJRavne-
baSi, vidre is amas gaakeTebda zepirsityvierad, sasamarTlo
darbazSi, mxaris an mosamarTlis mier gamokiTxvisas. kiTx-
vari agreTve saSualebas iZleva moipovoT gacilebiT meti
informacia, vidre es zepiri gamokiTxvisas aris SesaZlebeli.
SeadgineT iseTi kiTxvari, romelic samarTliani iqneba
orive mxarisTvis. Tqven momavalSi mogiwevT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris daTanxmeba Tqven mier Sedgenil kiTxvarze da mis Si-
naarsze. SeecadeT CarToT iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic dagex-
marebaT moipovoT demografiuli xasiaTis da msoflmxedv-
elobis amsaxveli informacia da SeiZinoT codna, romelic
xels SegiwyobT sworad SeafasoT msajulobis kandidatis
pirovnuli da fsiqologiuri portreti. imis gadawyvetisas
Tu, romeli kiTxvebi CarToT msajulTa kiTxvarSi, SeekiTxeT
sakuTar Tavs _ gamogadgebaT Tu ara, da dadebiT SemTxvevaSi,
rogor gamogadgebaT ama Tu im konkretul kiTxvaze miRebuli
pasuxi Tqveni miznis miRwevaSi. SeecadeT CamoayaliboT daax-
loebiT 10 ZiriTadi kiTxva, romelic SegiqmniT msajulis
piradi mosazrebebis da damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb garkveul
warmodgenas.
62
SeqmeniT Sesabamisi forma an gamoiyeneT is formati, ro-
melic ganTavsebulia aRniSnuli Tavis bolos, raTa CainiSnoT
mniSvnelovani informacia da Tqveni Sefasebebi yoveli msaju-
lobis kandidatis Sesaxeb.
daiTanxmeT mowinaaRmdege mxare kiTxvaris Sinaarsze, sasamarT-
lomde sakmao xniT adre.
SeecadeT gaugzavnoT Tqven mier Sedgenili kiTxvari mow-
inaaRmdege mxares, sasamarTlo procesamde sakmao xniT adre.
sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis mzadebis dawyebamde, gaugzavneT
mosamarTles mxareebis mier winaswar SeTanxmebuli kiTxvari.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi ver SeTanxmdnen kiTxvaris Si-
naarsze, mniSvnelovania daiTanxmoT mosamarTle gadawyvitos
romeli sadavo kiTxva SeiZleba Caidos kiTxvarSi da romeli
unda iqnes amoRebuli.
Zalian mniSvnelovania guldasmiT SeiswavloT Tqvens
kiTxvarze kandidatTa mier gacemuli pasuxebi manam, sanam
daiwyebT potenciur msajulTa zepir gamokiTxvas. gamonaxeT
sakmarisi dro, raTa kargad gaecnoT kiTxvebze gacemul pa-
suxebs da safuZvlianad moemzadoT zepiri gamokiTxvisTvis.
gaxsovdeT, rom umjobesia, Tu delikatur kiTxvebs nafic msa-
julTa werilobiT kiTxvarSi dasvamT.
adamianebi ufro gulwrfelni arian werilobiT kiTxvebze
pasuxebis gacemisas, vidre Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamok-
iTxvisas. mxolod jgufis mimarT dasmuli zogadi xasiaTis
kiTxvebze (magaliTad, Tu romelime Tqvengans smenia raime
gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, gTxovT, aswioT
xeli?) miRebuli `diax~ an `ara~ pasuxebiT, Tqven ver Seiqm-
niT swor warmodgenas Tqveni saqmis momaval msajulebze.
werilobiT kiTxvarSi Tqven aseve SegiZliaT CaurToT iseTi
kiTxvebi, romlebis Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze dasmasac ar
gariskavdiT. magaliTad xom ar yofila romelime Tqvengani
an Tqveni axlo naTesavi seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli?
ras fiqrobT prokurorebze an sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi
moRvawe advokatebze? ratom TvliT ase?
63
 winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebi
gamoiyeneT winasasamarTlo sxdomis Suamdgomlobebi, raTa
moipovoT upiratesoba msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze. gaxsov-
deT, rom isini SeiZleba gamoynebul iqnes im mizniT, rom
mosamarTles gauCndes garkveuli warmodgena Tqveni saqmis
Teoriis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, advili gasagebi iqneba misTvis,
Tu ratom usvamT ama Tu im kiTxvas nafici msajulobis kan-
didats SerCevis sxdomaze.
moemzadeT msajulTa SerCevisaTvis
TiToeuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas
garkveulwilad gansxvavebulad warmarTavs. zogierTi maT-
gani nebas rTavs mxareebs, rom iaron sasamarTlo darbazSi
da miuaxlovdnen nafic msajulebs. zogi ki, moiTxovs, rom
kiTxvebis dasmas mxarisaTvis gamoyofili samuSao magididan
moxdes. aqedan gamomdinare, Tqven winaswar unda icodeT, Tu
rogor warmarTavs SerCevis sxdomas is konkretuli mosamar-
Tle, romelsac gansaxilveli saqme daewera. sasurvelia, rom
potenciurma naficma msajulebma dainaxon, rom Tqven Tavda-
jerebuli da kargad momzadebuli xarT da zustad iciT, Tu
ras akeTebT. Tu Tqven ar iciT, rogor warmarTavs konkre-
tuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas, maSin dae-
swariT da naxeT misi moqmedebebi sxva sasamarTlo sxdomaze
an hkiTxeT TqvenTvis saintereso detalebi im iuristebs,
romelTac hqoniaT procesi aRniSnul mosamarTlesTan. daaT-
valiereT is sasamarTlo darbazi winaswar, sadac unda gaim-
arTos Tqveni saqmis ganxilva. SeiswavleT Tqveni mowinaaR-
mdege mxare da daakvirdiT, Tu rogor iqceva is msajulTa
SerCevis sxdomaze. Tu saWiroa, daeswariT misi monawileobiT
gamarTul sxva sasamarTlo process an hkiTxeT mis Sesaxeb
sxva iuristebs.
ganawyeT nafici msajulebi Tqvens sasikeTod pirvelive dRidan
msajulebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis ganviTareba Zalzed
mniSvnelovania. msajulebis mier miRebuli pirveli STabeW-
dileba Tqvens mimarT, SesaZloa arasodes Seicvalos. iRoneT
64
yvelaferi, raTa is pozitiuri iyos. warudgineT Tqveni Tavi
da Tqveni klienti an Tu braldebis mxares warmoadgenT, saq-
mis gamomZiebeli potenciur msajulebs.Tu Tqven advokati br-
ZandebiT, SeecadeT, rom Tqveni klienti Tqvens gverdiT ijdes
dacvis mxaris magidasTan da ara gisosebSi an sxva specialu-
rad gamoyofil adgilas, Tqvengan moSorebiT da badragis
TanxlebiT. darwmundiT, rom braldebuli samoqalaqo tansac-
melSi Cacmuli wardges sasamarTloze da ara patimris for-
miT. sTxoveT mosamarTles, rom ar ekeTos Tqveni dacvis qveS
myofs borkilebi msajulTa dasanaxad. es yovelive saWiroa,
imisaTvis, raTa nafic msajulebs ar SeeqmnaT ganwyoba, rom
braldebuli saSiSi pirovnebaa an arsebobs gaqcevis riski da
is damnaSavea wardgenil braldebaSi.
iyaviT yovelTvis Sesabamisad Cacmuli da mowesrigebuli.
esaubreT nafic msajulebs da nu isaubrebT ubralod movale-
obis moxdis mizniT. iyaviT Tavaziani da daanaxeT kandidatebs,
rom Tqven gainteresebT maTi pasuxebi.
Tqven yvelaferi unda gaakeToT imisaTvis, rom msajulebs
moewonoT da gauCndeT ndoba Tqvens mimarT. esaubreT maT
martiv da gasageb enaze. ar gamoiyenoT iuridiuli termi-
nebi. gamoxateT Tqveni pativiscema da Tavazianoba TiToeuli
potenciuri msajulis mimarT, maSinac ki, Tu Tqven TvliT,
rom is arasasurveli msajulia da gadawyvetili gaqvT misi
acileba.
miuxedavad imisa, Tu, ra pasuxs miiRebT dasmul kiTxvaze,
arasodes ekamaToT potenciur msajuls da ar agrZnobinoT,
rom man Tqva sisulele.
potenciur msajulebTan urTierTgagebis Camoyalibebas
ori mniSvnelovani sikeTe moaqvs: pirveli, msajulebi cdilo-
ben iyvnen ufro gaxsnili da gulwrfeli TavianT pasuxebSi
da meore, pozitiuri ganwyoba advokatis/prokuroris mimarT,
romelic warmoiSoba urTierTgagebis damyarebis Sedegad, rac
zrdis mxaris damajereblobas sasamarTlo procesze.
imisaTvis, rom ganaviTaroT urTierTgageba msajulebTan,
Tqven unda:
 gamoxatoT interesi TiToeuli msajulis mimarT;
65
  moepyraT maT pativiscemiT;
 agrZnobinoT Tavi komfortulad kamokiTxvis procesSi;
 SeinarCunoT simSvide nebismier situaciaSi.
urTierTgageba msajulebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis
damyarebis Sedegad warmoiSoba. amgvarad, saWiroa iseTi kiTx-
vebis momzadeba, romlebic saSualebas miscemen msajulebs
isaubron sakuTar Tavze da pirad Sexedulebebze. Ria dabo-
loebis kiTxvebis dasma sasargebloa rogorc informaciis
mopovebis TvalsazrisiT, aseve urTierTgagebis Camoyalibebi-
sTvisac.
mniSvnelovania, Tu rogori formiT davsvamT
kiTxvebs msajulTa winaSe
mieciT potenciur msajulebs saSualeba, raTa isaubron.
nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis warmatebulad Catarebis
mTavari principia miaRwioT, rom kandidatebma giambon saku-
Tari Tavis Sesaxeb. dausviT maT iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic
saubris saSualebas miscems.. ras akeTeben samsaxurSi? ra in-
teresebi gaaCniaT an riTi arian dakavebuli Tavisufal dros?
amgvari SekiTxvebi, ara marto mniSvnelovani informaciis mop-
ovebaSi dagexmarebaT, aramed xels Seuwyobs nafici msaju-
lobis kandidatebs, raTa gaixsnan da ufro Tamamad ganewyon
gamokiTxvis procesis mimarT.
dasviT Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi. mieciT msajulebs sa-
Sualeba, raTa gadmoscen pasuxi TavianTi sityvebiT. Ria
daboloebis kiTxvebi, romlebic ar Semoifargleba mxolod
`diax~ an `ara~ pasuxebiT, saSualebas iZleva moipovoT ufro
vrceli informacia msajulis mosazrebebis Sesaxeb. kiTxva:
`gTxovT, gviTxraT ras fiqrobT im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom mt-
kicebis tvirTi mTlianad awevs braldebis mxares da bral-
debuli araa valdebuli amtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba?~ _
es saSualebas mogcemT ufro vrclad moisminoT informacia
potenciuri msajulis namdvili Sexedulebebisa da azrebis
Sesaxeb, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kiTxva Semdegnairad
66
iqneboda dasmuli: `fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorma unda
amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba?~
Tavi aarideT imgvari kiTxvebis dasmas, romlebic ubiZgebs
potenciur msajuls gasces swori pasuxi, raTa gamoCndes
`kargi~ sxvebis TvalSi. zogierTi kiTxva, misi Sinaarsidan
gamomdinare, pirdapir uTiTebs kandidats swori pasuxisaken.
magaliTad, Tu vkiTxavT msajuls SeZlebs, Tu ara igi iyos
samarTliani da miukerZoebeli, pasuxad yovelTvis miviRebT
_ `ra Tqma unda, ki.~
maqsimalurad gamoiyeneT mosamarTlis mier moniWebuli
uflebebi. Tuki mosamarTle dagrTavT nebas saTiTaod gamo-
kiTxoT TiToeuli potenciuri msajuli, gamoiyeneT es ufle-
ba da dasviT yvela TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani, Ria daboloebis
kiTxva. gamoiyeneT msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma kandidatebTan
sasaubrod, Tumca nu miscemT am yvelafers axali samsaxuris
Taobaze gamarTuli intervius an dakiTxvis formas. msaju-
lebi, rogorc wesi, ufro mets mogiyvebian sakuTari Tavis
Sesaxeb Cveulebrivisaubris dros, vidre amas gaakeTebdnen,
Tuki Tavs dakiTxvaze igrZnobdnen.
Tu mosamarTle mxolod jgufurad gamokiTxvis nebas
dagrTavT, SeecadeT, rom maqsimalurad aqtiurad CarToT
jgufis yvela wevri gamokiTxis procesSi. pirvel rigSi,
dasviT iseTi SekiTxvebi, romelzec kandidatTa umravlesoba
aswevs xels. amiT Tqven daexmarebiT potenciur msajulebs
moixsnan is daZabuloba, romelic sasamarTlo darbazSi yof-
niT gauCndaT da ufro Tamamad CaerTon saubris procesSi.
Semdeg ki im msajulebs mimarTeT, romlebsac xeli pirvelad
dasmuli kiTxvisas ar auweviaT. aseTi taqtika swrafad mi-
axvedrebs kandidatebs, rom xelis araweviT isini sabolood
mainc ver aarideben Tavs am gamokiTxvis procesSi monawileo-
bas. bolos ki daimaxsovreT, rodesac potenciuri msajuli
aswevs xels da mogcemT pasuxs raime mniSvnelovan sakiTxze,
gansakuTrebiT ki TqvenTvis arasasurvel pasuxs, CaekiTxeT
sxva kandidatebs iziareben, Tu ara isinic am pozicias.
Tqveni mTavari mizania gaigoT TiToeuli potenciuri msa-
julis xasiaTi da ganwyoba. kandidatis warsuli, gamocdi-
67
leba da mosazrebebi gansazRvravs mis msoflmxedvelobas da
imas, Tu rogor Seafasebs igi ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, argu-
ments da saqmesTan dakavSirebul sxva sakiTxebs. konkretuli
unar-Cvevebi da midgomebi exmareba prokurors/advokats, raTa
moipovos aseTi informacia msajulobis kandidatebisagan.
daeyrdnoT mxolod demografiul informacias. demogra-
fiuli informacia da warsuli gamocdileba (magaliTad, sam-
saxuri, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, ganaTleba da a.S.) SesaZlebelia
iyos sasargeblo, Tumca es mxolod pirveli nabijia, raTa
sworad SeicnoT msajulis xasiaTi da ganwyoba. gamokvlevebma
AaCvena, rom demografiuli informaciiT ufro naklebadaa Se-
saZlebeli msajulis gadawyvetilebis ganWvreta, vidre misi
gamocdilebis da mosazrebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacnobis
SemTxvevaSi.
gansazRvreT, Tu ra zegavlena moaxdina msajulobis kan-
didatis pirovnebaze warsulma gamocdilebam. informacia
garkveuli warsuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, romelic msajuls
SeiZleba hqondes, metad mniSvnelovania, vinaidan aRniSnulis
mixedviT Tqven SesaZlebelia gamoicnoT, Tu ra ganviTareba
pova am gamocdilebis Sedegad msajulis Sexedulebebma da
rwmenam. magaliTad, Tu Tqveni saqmisaTvis kanditatis sisx-
lis samarTlis saqmeze dazaralebulad yofna mniSvnelova-
nia, maSin mas ara marto zogadad is unda hkiTxoT, yofila
Tu ara odesme danaSaulis msxverpli, aramed aseve hkiTxoT:
(1) ra saxis danaSauls hqonda adgili, (2) ra konkretu-
li garemoebebi arseboda am saqmeze, (3) Tu Seicvala raime
mis cxovrebaSi am faqtis Semdgom (magaliTad,LTu daamontaJa
usafrTxoebis specialuri sistema saxlze da a.S.) da (4) am
konkretuli gamocdilebis Semdgom, rogoria misi Sexedule-
bebi piradi usafrTxoebisa da marTlmsajulebis mimarT.
CaekiTxeT msajulebs maTi mosazrebebis da Sexedule-
bebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, aqvT Tu ara undobloba policiis
mimarT? FTu fiqroben, rom qali iTvaliswinebs seqsualuri
Zaladobis risks, rodesac paemanze mamakacis binaSi midis?
rac ufro Rrmad gamoikvlevT, Tu rogor uyureben msajulebi
im kritikul sakiTxebs, romlebic Tqvens saqmeSia, miT ufro
68
gaizrdeba Tqveni Sansebi sworad SeicnoT msajulebis xasiaTi
da mosazrebebi.
usmineT nafic msajulebs yuradRebiT. maT pasuxebSi ga-
moxatuli mosazrebebi, SesaZlebelia mxolod umniSvnelo
gansxvavebas moicavdes. rodesac mxare ar usmens msajulis
mier gacemul pasuxs, amas kandidatebi advilad xvdebian da
aRar iwuxeben, raTa kargad gaazrebuli pasuxebi gascen das-
mul kiTxvebze.26
miaqcieT yuradReba araverbalur komunikacias _ `sxeu-
lis enas~ da `saubris maneras.~ mniSvnelovania ara marto is,
Tu ras ambobs nafici msajuli, aramed isic, Tu rogor ambobs
is amas. msajulis sxeulis moZraoba, Jestikulacia, gamome-
tyveleba da Tvalis kontaqti, is mniSvelovani elementebia,
romlebic miganiSnebT mis azrebsa da grZnobebze. asevea sau-
bris manera, pauza pasuxis gacemis dros, xmis tembri, toni.
yuradsaRebia, msajulis mondomeba _ gadmogceT ufro meti
informacia Tqven, vidre mowinaaRmdege mxares. es yvelaferi
erTobliobaSi dagexmarebaT SeqmnaT sruli suraTi imisa, Tu
ras fiqrobs da grZnobs nafici msajuli.
ar arsebobs iseTi miniSneba, romelic erTmniSvnelovnad
da utyuarad daadasturebda msajulis TvalTmaqcobas. kon-
kretuli Jestikulacia da moZraoba SesaZlebelia gamowveu-
li iyos sxvadasxva mizeziT. es, saboloo jamSi, saWiroebs
Sefasebas kandidatis zogad qcevasa da yvela moqmedebebTan
erTad. MmTavari principi, raTa sworad SevicnoT msajulis
sxeulis ena, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kargad unda davakvirdeT
da SevafasoT misi qceva sxvadasxva saxis kiTxvebis dasmis
dros, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu vin dasva esa Tu is kiTxva.
daakvirdiT, xom ar aridebs potenciuri msajuli Tvals
advokats, an xom ar uyurebs is braldebuls daJinebiT, ise
TiTqos is araraoba an raime saxis qvewarmavali iyos. an,
piriqiT, xom ar ucinis is gamudmebiT prokurors an bralde-
buls. yvela es detali mianiSnebs prokurors da advokats,
26 vrclad aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb ixileT qvemoT `informacia
potenciur nafic msajulTa Sesaxeb~.
69
Tu ramdenad misaRebia esa Tu is kandidati maTi mxarisaTvis.27
aswavleT nafic msajulebs Tqveni saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi.
msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze prokurorma/advokatma unda
aswavlos nafic msajulebs Tavisi saqmis mniSvnelovani sakiT-
xebi da gadawyvetilebis miRebis kriteriumebi. mTavari arsi
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven gvinda msajulebs esmodeT CvenT-
vis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi. umetes SemTxvevaSi kandidatebi
sasamarTloSi araswori SexedulebebiT modian, kanonebis da
maTi, rogorc msajulis movaleobebis mimarT.
msajulTa swavlebis mizani imaSi mdgomareobs, rom swo-
red amazea damokidebuli, Tu rogor gadaamuSaveben isini sa-
samarTlo ganxilvisas miRebul informacias. Tuki msajulebs
araswori warmodgena aqvT mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis mimarT,
isini sasamarTlo ganxilvis procesSi miRebul informacias
swored Tavisi araswori Sexedulebebis safuZvelze gadaamu-
Saveben. Sesabamisad, Tuki maTi Sexedulebebi ar iqna gamoswo-
rebuli adreul etapzeve, Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT mcdari
daskvnebi an ugulebelyofili mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebani.
swavlebis procesi potenciur msajulTa mosazrebebis
(mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis mimarT) gamokiTxviT iwyeba. ro-
desac araswori warmodgenebi gamoaSkaravdeba, prokurors/
advokats SeuZliaT gamoiyenon Ria daboloebis SekiTxvebi,
raTa dadgindes adgili aqvs marTlac araswor Sexedulebas
Tu saxezea mikerZoeba. Tu msajulis Sexeduleba ubralod
araswori mosazrebaa, maSin damatebiTi kiTxvebis saSualebiT
unda mimovixiloT es konkretuli samarTlebrivi sakiTxi da
gamovkveToT mondomebulia Tu ara kandidati daemorCilos
Sesabamis samarTlebriv standarts. magaliTad:
advokati: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebuli unda daikiT-
xos mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT?
msajuli: diax. mgoni, asea, vfiqrobdi, rom braldebuli
unda dakiTxuliyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi me, rogorc teleekra-
nidan minaxavs, braldebulebi yovelTvis aZleven Cvenebas.
advokati: Tqven ra ganwyoba dagrCebaT, Tuki braldebuli
27 ixileT qvemoT, potenciuri nafici msajulebis araverbaluri
kominikaciebis Sesaxeb Tavi.
70
ar miscems Cvenebas?
msajuli: albaT, raRac damakldeba, arasrulyofili iqne-
ba. (damatebiTi kiTxvebiT SeiZleba am sakiTxis kidev ufro
vrclad gamokvleva).
advokati: cota xnis win Cven aRvniSneT, rom am saqmeSi
mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares akisria. ras niSnavs es
ganacxadi TqvenTvis?
msajuli: es niSnavs, rom prokurorma unda daamtkicos
braldeba, anu man unda dagvarwmunos Cven, rom braldebuli
damnaSavea.
advokati: ras niSnavs es dacvis mxarisaTvis?
msajuli: es niSnavs, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtki-
cos yvelaferi da ara dacvam.
advokati: marTalia! sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva
sakmaod seriozuli sakiTxia. Tu saxelmwifos surs, rom
damnaSaved cnos piri da cixeSi Casvas igi, maSin man unda
aiRos iniciativa da daamtkicos wardgenili braldeba. axla
ki miTxariT, rogor esadageba es principi braldebulis mier
Cvenebis micemis sakiTxs?
msajuli: is araa valdebuli da arc unda iyos valdebuli
misces Cveneba. braldebis damtkiceba xom saxelmwifos saqmea.
advokati: braldebuls rom Cveneba ar mieca, amas mis sa-
winaaRmdegod gamoiyenebdiT?
msajuli: ara.
advokati: Tqveni es pozicia zedapiruli gaazrebis Sede-
gia?
msajuli: ara. adre marTla ar mifiqria kargad am sakiTx-
ze. rogorc nafici msajuli, Cemi movaleobaa davicva kanoni
da es ki kanonis moTxovnaa.
advokati: xom ar SeikavebdiT Tavs aRniSnulis gakeTebisa-
gan?
msajuli: ara.
msajulTa `swavlebis~ sawyis etapze umjobesi iqneba Tavi
SeikavoT iseTi frazebisagan, rogoricaa `kanonis Tanaxmad...~
71
an `gesmiT, rom...~. marTalia, zogierTi mosamarTle avalde-
bulebs mxareebs gamoiyenon es frazebi, Tumca, Tuki mogecaT
SesaZlebloba, rom ar ixmaroT isini, aucileblad gamoiyeneT
es Sansi, raTa Tavidan airidoT msajulTa mxridan araswori
pasuxebi.
darwmuneba/daTanxmeba
mxaris bolo amocanas SerCevis procesze `darwmuneba~
warmoadgens. vinaidan, nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma, kan-
didatebsa da mxareebs Soris, interaqtivis saxiT mimdina-
reobs, Sesabamisad, arsebobs garkveuli winaswari ganwyobis
Seqmnis potencialic. es sakiTxi swavlebis procesisgan imiT
gansxvavdeba, rom, rogorc wesi, farulad mimdinareobs da
miznad isaxavs zemoqmedebis moxdenas nafic msajulTa Sex-
edulebebze, gansaxilveli saqmidan gamomdinare. aRniSnulis
misaRwevad arsebobs ramdenime saSualeba.
SeqmeniT winaswari ganwyoba Tqveni saqmis Sesaxeb
dasmuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT prokurors/advokats SeuZ-
lia Seqmnas Tavisi saqmis Sesaxeb sasurveli ganwyoba; anu,
sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ganawyos msajulebi, raTa saqmes
Sexedon mxaris poziciidan. magaliTad, prokurors SeuZlia
Seqmnas winaswari ganwyoba Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT: xom ar
moeliT, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos piris bral-
euloba nebismieri an yvela eWvs miRma standartiT? albaT
xvdebiT, rom Tu es ase iqneboda, maSin aseT standarts mxare
verasodes daakmayofilebda? an, Tuki prokurori gegmavs iri-
bi mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebas braldebis dasamtkiceblad, is
ikiTxavs: xom ar iqneboda TqvenTvis miuRebeli iribi mtki-
cebulebebi?
moigeT verbaluri omi
sityvebi, romlebsac viyenebT movlenebis aRweris dros,
zegavlenas axdens msajulTa mier am movlenebis aRqmaze.
mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon es xerxi Tavis sasargeblod,
Tu isini mudmivad gamoiyeneben sasurvel sityvebsa da frazebs
72
mTeli gamokiTxvis procesSi (sasamarTlo ganxilvis drosac).
magaliTad, SevadaroT erTi da imave Temaze dasmuli kiTxve-
bi, erTi _ prokuroris da meore _ advokatis mier, mxolod
mciredi gansxvavebiT sityvebSi:
prokurori mimarTavs msajuls: es saqme exeba mkvlelobas,
romelic Cadenil iqna braldebulis yofili sayvarlis daya-
CaRebisas. braldebuls bralad edeba msxverplis dayaCaReba
da mkvleloba, Cadenili cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebiT.
gsmeniaT raime am saqmis Sesaxeb? Semdeg prokurori danarCen
nafic msajulebs umeorebs imave kiTxvas da sTxovs aswion
xeli, Tu vinmes smenia raime aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT.
advokati mimarTavs msajuls: am saqmeze, wardgenili bral-
debis Tanaxmad, aw gansvenebuli moklul iqna cecxlsasroli
iaraRidan, rac prokuroris mtkicebiT, ganxorcielda yaCa-
Robis Cadenis momentSi. gardacvlili da braldebuli erT
dros erTmaneTs xvdebodnen. gsmeniaT raime am saqmis Sesaxeb?
Semdeg ki advokati mimarTavs danarCen nafic msajulebs: gs-
meniaT raime aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT?
gansxvaveba zemoaRniSnul gancxadebebs Soris imaSi md-
gomareobs, rom prokurorma gamoiyena sityvebi: `mkvleloba,~
`msxverpli,~ `yofili sayvareli,~ maSin roca dacva iyenebs:
`wardgenili braldeba,~ `aw gansvenebuli,~ `prokuroris
mtkicebiT ganxorcielda yaCaRobis Cadenis momentSi,~ `erT
dros erTmaneTs xvdebodnen~. garda amisa, prokuroris ter-
minebi, dacvis mxaris mier gamoyenebul terminebTan SedarebiT,
ufro pirdapiria. advokati wardgenil braldebebze saubrobs
da ara faqtebze. braldebis mxare xazs usvams braldebulisa
da msxverplis axlo urTierTobebs, dacvis mxare ki cdilobs
maT Soris distancia gamokveTos.
iuridiuli standartebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli ganmartebebi,
romlebic maT ufro mkacrad an ufro msubuqad warmoaCenen, gan-
sazRvraven, Tu rogor gamoiyeneben am standartebs nafici msaju-
lebi momavalSi.
73
 is, Tu ra sityvebiT gadmovcemT ama Tu im informacias,
gavlenas axdens ara marto saqmis Sinaarsze, aramed gansaz-
Rvravs msajulTa mier iuridiuli standartebis gamoyenebis
principebs saqmis ganxilvisas. mxaris mier iuridiuli stan-
dartebis im saxiT ganmarteba, romlebic maT ufro mkacrad
an ufro msubuqad warmoaCens, gansazRvravs, Tu rogor gamoi-
yeneben am standartebs nafici msajulebi. magaliTad, prokur-
orebi cdiloben aCvenon ufro dabali standarti mtkicebis
tvirTTan mimarTebaSi, maSin rodesac dacvis mxare mis amaR-
lebas cdilobs.
prokurori: `braldebis mxares akisria mtkicebis tvirTi,
rac niSnavs, rom mxolod man unda aiRos iniciativa pirvelma
da warmoadginos braldebulis damnaSaveobis damadasturebeli
mtkicebulebebi, raTa dagarwmunoT Tqven mis damnaSaveobaSi
gonivrul eWvs miRma. rogor fiqrobT, SeZlebT daeTanxmoT am
kanons?~ an, `xom ar fiqrobT, rom prokurorma wardgenili
braldeba yovelgvari eWvis gamoricxviT unda daamtkicos?~
advokati: `braldebuli araa valdebuli amtkicos Tavis
udanaSauloba, vinaidan mtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad bralde-
bis mxares akisria, rac niSnavs, rom prokurori valdebulia,
gonivrul eWvs miRma daamtkicos Cemi dacvis qveS myofis mier
danaSaulis Cadena, misi yvela Semadgeneli elementis gaTva-
liswinebiT. rogor fiqrobT, SeZlebT daeTanxmoT am kanons?~
moamzadeT yvelaze idealuri da yvelaze miuRebeli
nafici msajulis profili.
aRniSnuli niSnavs iseTi specialuri maxasiaTeblebis
mixedviT msajulTa dajgufebas, romlebic gasazRvraven Tqve-
ni saqmisTvis yvelaze sasurvel an, piriqiT, yvelaze miuRe-
bel nafic msajuls. anu, vin gindaT, rom iyos nafic msajul-
Ta SemadgenlobaSi da vis acilebas moisurvebdiT.
visi acileba unda ganxorcieldes dasabuTebuli wesiT?
gamomdinare iqidan, rom konkretuli potenciuri nafi-
ci msajuli SeiZleba ar iyos obieqturi da miukerZoebeli,
74
Tqven SesaZloa dagWirdeT misi acileba an, piriqiT, Tu msa-
juli dadebiTad aris ganwyobili Tqveni poziciisadmi _ misi
nafic msajulad SerCeva. qvemoT CamoTvlilia is sakiTxebi,
romlebic dagexmarebaT zemoxsenebulis gansaxorcieleblad:
1. icis Tu ara potenciurma naficma msajulma saqmis
irgvliv arsebuli faqtebis Sesaxeb?
2. icnobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli dazara-
lebuls, braldebuls, advokats an gamomZibels, an
saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs?
3. xom ar aqvs potenciur nafic msajuls Camoyalibebu-
li raime winaswari Sexeduleba mas-mediaSi am saqmis
Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli informaciis Sedegad.
4. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls sakuTari
Sexeduleba saqmis Sesaxeb raime sxva mizeziT?
5. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli tendenci-
uri romelime mxaris mimarT?
6. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi, ro-
melic ar Seasrulebs kanonis moTxovnas?
7. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi
pirovneba, romelsac ar SeuZlia gansajos sxva piri
da Sesabamisad, SeTanxmdes verdiqtze? fiqrobs Tu
ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom Tu pirovnebas
brali aqvs wayenebuli, igi aucileblad damnaSavea?
8. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
braldebulma unda daamtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba
da ara braldebis mxarem?
9. gaaCnia Tu ara poteniur nafic msajuls raime sax-
is arakeTilganwyoba policiis an braldebis mxaris
mimarT?
10. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
braldebulis mier dumilis uflebis gamoyeneba, da-
kavebis dros an saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas,
miuTiTebs mis damnaSaveobaze?
11. yofilaA Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, misi
axlo megobari an ojaxis wevri danaSaulis msxver-
pli, gansakuTrebiT msgavsi danaSaulisa?
75
 12. Tu es asea, SeuZlia Tu ara Ppotenciur nafic msa-
juls daiviwyos misi gamocdileba?
13. miuRia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls monawileo-
ba nafic msajulad sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi?
14. SeuSlis Tu ara zemoaRniSnuli garemoeba mas xels,
rom iyos samarTliani an miukerZoebeli mimdinare saq-
mis ganxilvisas?
15. aqvs Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls raime saxis
fizikuri nakli, smenis, mxedvelobis an enasTan daka-
vSirebuli problemebi, rac xels SeuSlis mas nafici
msajulis movaleobis SesrulebaSi?
16. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls gansa-
kuTrebuli mizezi, romelic xels SeuSlis mas, rom
iyos nafici msajuli?
17. arsebobs Tu ara raime mizezi, romelic miuTiTebs
imaze, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli ver iqneba
samarTliani da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo ganxil-
visas?
Tu Tqven ver gamonaxavT dasabuTebuli wesiT acilebis
safuZvels, gamoiyeneT dausabuTebeli acilebis ufleba. das-
abuTebuli da dausabuTebeli acilebis safuZvlebi mocemu-
lia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
223-e muxlSi.
muxli 223. nafic msajulTa SerCeva, acileba da TviTacileba
1. mxare uflebamosilia daayenos msajulobis kandidatis
acilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba. acilebis uflebas pirvelad
axorcielebs braldebis mxare, xolo Semdeg _ dacvis mxare.
Tumca
6. dausabuTebeli acileba ar SeiZleba imgvarad iyos gam-
oyenebuli, rom moxdes msajulobis kandidatTa diskriminacia
rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis,
76
politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eT-
nikuri, kulturuli da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis,
ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovre-
beli adgilis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis,
dabadebis adgilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZ-
velze.
10. Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTval-
iswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTe-
beli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi
mxare uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba.
mzad iyaviT mosalodneli acilebisaTvis, romlis safuZ-
vlebic mocemulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsis 223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi.
gaxsovdeT, rom arc erTi mxare ar aris uflebamosili,
rom gamoiyenos dausabuTebeli acileba `rasis, kanis feris,
enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri Sexed-
ulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli
da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi
da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrT-
elobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis adgilis,
asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze.
gamomdinare zemoTqmulidan, iyaviT mzad, raTa daasab-
uToT, rom konkretuli msajulis acileba ganxorcielda
sxva safuZvliT, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli sssk-is
223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi. es moiTxovs Zalian did dafiqre-
bas da ufro rTulia saqarTvelos realobaSi, vidre amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi, radgan im mizezebis CamonaTvali, ra
drosac ar SegiZliaT moaxdinoT nafic msajulTa dausabuTe-
beli wesiT acileba, gacilebiT didia. Tumca iyaviT mzad,
raTa moaxdinoT reagireba braldebis mxaris mier dayenebul
dausabuTebel acilebaze, zemoT moyvanili romelime safuZv-
lis gamo.
akontroleT gamoyenebuli dausabuTebeli acilebebis raodenoba
Tqven unda icodeT, Tu ramdeni acilebis gamoyenebis
ufleba gaqvT konkretul saqmeze. mniSvnelovania akotro-
77
loT, Tu ramdeni gamoiyeneT da ramdeni dagrCaT. agreTve ram-
deni acilebis ufleba gamoiyena Tqvenma oponentma da ramdeni
darCa mas gamosayenebeli.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 223-e
muxli, me-10 da me-11 punqtebi
Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs
uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli ac-
ilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mx-
are uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba.
Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, TiToeul maTgans damate-
biTY3 kandidatis dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba
eZleva. igive ufleba eZleva braldebis mxares. Tu romelime
braldebuli srulad ar gamoiyenebs acilebis ganacxadis sa-
kuTar kvotas, misi gamoyenebis ufleba eniWeba imave saqmeSi
sxva braldebuls. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis mxare sargeblobs
imdenive dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis uflebiT, ramde-
niTac isargebla yvela braldebulma saerTo jamSi.
ra dros unda moxdes dausabuTebeli da dasabuTebuli aci-
lebebis gamoyeneba?
unda daisvas kiTxva: vin gsurT, rom `gamoricxoT~ da vin
gsurT, rom daitovoT nafic msajulad?
vin aris TqvenTvis misaRebi nafici msajuli da vin aris mi-
uRebeli?
zemoaRniSnulze pasuxis gacema sakmaod problematuria.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac nafic msajulTa sa-
samarTlos oraswliani gamocdileba arsebobs, amaze naTeli
pasuxi jerac ar aris. arseboben e.w. eqspertebi, romlebic
exmarebian prokurorebs/advokatebs konkretul saqmeebze naf-
ic msajulTa SerCevisas. isini sakmaod maRal anazRaurebas
iReben, Tumca maT mier micemuli rCeva xSirad kvalificiur
78
winaswar daskvnas ver scdeba..
saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi pasuxis gacema kidev ufro
rTulia gansxvavebuli kulturisa da gansxvavebuli Sexed-
ulebebis gamo.
zogadad amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi menejerebi, xelmZ-
Rvaneli Tanamdebobis pirebi, adamianebi, romlebic konser-
vatiul politikur partiebs ekuTvnian, braldebis mxaris
mimarT arian keTilganwyobilebi. maSin, roca pedagogebi, xe-
lovnebis dargis muSakebi an/da adamianebi, romlebic `lib-
eralur~ politikur partiebs ekuTvnian, SesaZloa dacvis
mxarisadmi dadebiTad iyvnen ganwyobilebi. ra Tqma unda, ar-
sebobs gamonaklisebi.
prokurorma/advokatma unda Seiswavlos potenciuri
nafici msajulebis warsuli
upirveles yovlisa, nafic msajulTa Sesaxeb informacias
viRebT maTi biografiidan. igi moicavs mTel rig informacias,
rogoricaa rasa, sqesi, samuSao gamocdileba, ganaTleba da
organizaciis wevroba.. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul faq-
torebs SesaZloa meorexarisxovani roli hqondeT msajulis
mier gadawyvetilebis miRebaze, es informacia mainc axdens
gavlenas am procesze. magaliTad, erT-erTi kvlevis Tanax-
mad, msajulTa sqesi iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli
msajulTa mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas seqsualuri Za-
ladobis saqmeebze _ mdedrobiTi sqesis nafici msajule-
bi ufro dazaralebulis (braldebis mxaris) mimarT iyvnen
keTilganwyobilebi, maSin roca mamrobiTi sqesis msajulebi
dacvis mxarisadmis gamoxatavdnen simpaTias. rodesac mxed-
velobaSi miiReba nafic msajulTa biografia, prokurorma/
advokatma unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ramdenad sasargebloa an
saziano mxaris poziciisaTvis nafic msajulTa Sexedulebebi
ama Tu im sakiTxze. identifikaciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi:
biografiulma maxasiaTeblebma SesaZloa moaxdinos potenci-
uri nafici msajulebis identificireba mxareebis, mowmeebis
an movlenebis mimarT. aqvT Tu ara msajulebs iseTi biografi-
uli monacemebi, ris gamoc, maT romelime mxaris warmomadgene-
79
li an konkretuli mowme naklebad moewonebaT. im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu potenciuri msajulebi miekuTvnebian maRal socialur an
ekonomikurad SeZlebul fenas, xom ar gamoiwvevs es maT mier
biznesisadmi mxardamWer damokidebulebas. es da sxva kiTxvebi
naTels mohfens msajulTa identificirebis SesaZleblobas
mxareebis, mowmeebis da movlenebis mimarT.
sxvadasxva jgufebisadmi kuTvnileba: am jgufebSi moiazreba
mravali jgufi, romelic sazogadoebaSi arsebobs. magaliTad:
socialuri, politikuri, religiuri, ekonomikuri, samuSao
adgilTan dakavSirebuli da demografiuli. adamianebi am
jgufebis wevrebi sxvadasxva gziT xdebian. wevroba SesaZloa
iyo nebayoflobiTi, savaldebulo an bunebrivi (asaki, sqesi
an rasa). aRniSnuli jgufebi sakmaod did gavlenas axdenen
adamianebze. isini gvevlinebian erTgvar standartad, romlis
meSveobiTac Cven erTmaneTs vadarebT Cvens SesaZleblobebs,
Sexedulebebsa da Rirebulebebs. religiuri jgufebisadmi
da politikuri organizaciebisadmi kuTvnileba, gansazRvravs
adamianebis garkveul Sexedulebebs, Rirebulebebs da qcevas.
adamianebis dadebiTi ganwyoba raime jgufisadmi, zegavle-
nas axdens maT keTilganwyobaze da harmoniulobaze zogadad
am jgufis wevrebis mimarT. amasTan, mowme ufro damajere-
blad gamoiyureba nafici msajulis TvalSi, Tu es mowme
da nafici msajuli warmoadgenen erTsai da imave jgufs da
iziareben msgavs Sexedulebebs. magaliTad, mowmes, romelic
aris gaerTianebis wevri, eqneba meti zegavlena im nafic msa-
julebze, romlebic imave gaerTianebis wevrebs warmoadgenen,
vidre maTze, romlebic ar arian am gaerTianebis wevrebi (an
sulac ewinaaRmdegebian mas).
romelime jgufisadmi kuTvnileba aseve zegavlenas axdens
TviT nafic msajulTa dinamikurobaze.. msajulebs, romlebic
erTi jgufis wevrebi arian (magaliTad, erTi politikuri
da socialuri organizaciis an eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgu-
fis wevrebi), SeuZliaT zegavlena moaxdinon sxva msajulis
poziciaze. amasTanave, rac ufro relevanturia gansaxil-
vel saqmesTan jgufis wevroba, miT ufro didia am jgufis
wevrebis gavlena _ rogorc msajulebze, ise mowmeebze. amas-
80
Tan, isini SeiZleba ufro damajereblad msjelobdnen, vidre
Cveulebrivi (arawevri) nafici msajulebi (zogjer am jgufis
wevrebi gamodian, rogorc `eqspertebi~ nafici msajulebis
TvalSi).
gamocdileba
nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros gamosakvlevi informaciis
meore wyaro aris maTi warsuli gamocdileba. es gamocdileba
SesaZloa moicavdes Semdeg faqtorebs: piradi travma, saxl-
Tan da samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli gamocdileba, miyenebuli
zianis da diskriminaciis zemoqmedeba, samxedro samsaxuri,
jandacvis da samarTlebrivi sistemis zemoqmedeba. ojaxuri
urTierTobebi da sxva.
umetes SemTxvevaSi msajulTa gamcdilebebs aqvT Sedare-
biT naklebi zegavlena maT cxovrebaze. Tumca, gasaTvaliswine-
belia is faqtoric, rom zogierTma gamocdilebam SesaZloa
mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdinos maT rwmenasa da saqcielze.
. magaliTad, rodesac piri iyo gaupatiurebis an sxva seq-
sualuri Seuracxyofis msxverpli, SesaZloa am faqtma nafic
msajulebs Seacvlevinos warmodgena braldebulze, romelsac
analogiuri braldeba aqvs wayenebuli. aseve, mZime ekonomi-
kur pirobebSi aRzrdam SesaZloa gamoiwvios nafic msajulTa
keTilganwyoba Raribi adamianis mimarT da sxva.
nafic msajulTa warsuli gamocdilebis Sefasebis dros
kidev mravali faqtori unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli mxaris
mier.
pirdapiri da arapirdapiri gamocdileba
potenciuri nafici msajulis pirdapiri Tu arapirda-
piri gamocdilebis codna, mniSvnelovania imis gagebaSi, Tu
rogor Sexedaven es msajulebi konkretul saqmes. pirdapiri
gamocdileba exeba nafici msajulis piradi SemTxvevis gamom-
JRavnebas konkretul situaciasTan mimarTebSi. nafici msaju-
lisaTvis, romelic iyo danaSaulis uSualo msxverpli da
hqonda pirdapiri Sexeba danaSaulTan, gasagebia is mdgomareo-
ba, romelSic msxverpli imyofeba. arapirdapiri gamocdileba
81
ki gamomdinareobs ara piradad dakavSirebuli SemTxvevidan.
magaliTad, nafici msajulebi SesaZloa icnobdnen adamians,
romelic msgavs situaciaSi yofila, an SesaZlebelia hqon-
deT mosmenili, nanaxi, wakiTxuli axali ambebis, internetis,
mediis, Tu sxva wyaros meSveobiT analogiuri garemoebebis
Sesaxeb.
Tu msajuls gaaCnia msgavs situaciaSi arsebobis uSualo
gamocdileba, mniSvnelovania am faqtis gamomJRavneba. nafici
msajulebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT uSualo, pirdapiri gamoc-
dileba, ufro met TanagrZnobas gamoxataven, vidre is nafic,
msajulebi, romlebsac arapirdapir an saerTod ar gaaCniaT
gansaxilvel saqmesTan msgavsi gamocdileba.
warsuli gamocdilebis zegavlenis Sefasebisas mxedvelo-
baSi unda iqnes miRebuli mravali garemoeba. calkeul kiTx-
vebze gacemuli pasuxi dagexmarebaT imis gamovlenaSi, Tu
ra zegavlena moaxdina ama Tu im garemoebam am konkretul
msajulze. magaliTad:
 ra saxis gamocdileba iyo es?
 konkretulad ra moxda an ris Sesaxeb aris es gamoc-
dileba?
 Tu potenciuri nafici msajuli gaZarcves, rogor
ganxorcielda Zarcva? potenciur nafic msajuls,
romelsac fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes Zarcvis
dros, eqneba gansxvavebuli gamocdileba im pirisa-
gan, romelsac safule mopares ofisis magididan an
ujridan. ramdenad Seesabameba msajulis gamocdileba
konkretul saqmes?
rac ufro metia Sesabamisoba gansaxilvel saqmesa da msa-
julis gamocdilebas Soris, miT ufro did rols TamaSobs
es faqtori nafic msajulTa TaTbirisa da maT mier verdiqtis
gamotanis procesSi. saqmis ganxilvisas, nafici msajulebi
eyrdnobian maT gamocdilebas da cdiloben sxva msajulebi
daarwmunon maTi poziciis sisworeSi. gamocdilebaTa msgavse-
ba gadamwyveti faqtoria maTi Sesabamisobis gansazRvrisas.
rac ufro meti msgavsi gamocdileba aris saqmeSi faqtTan
mimarTebiT, miT ufro didia varaudi imisa, rom nafici msa-
82
julebi gaiTvaliswineben mas.
rogor reagireben potenciuri nafici msajulebi gamoc-
dilebaze? _ maTi reaqcia sxvadasxvagvaria.
arsebobs SesaZlebloba imisa, rom gamocdilebam moaxdi-
nos STabeWdileba erT nafic msajulze, xolo meoreze ara.
rodesac SeekiTxebian binis gatexvis Taobaze, erTma msajulma
SesaZloa upasuxos, rom moxda SemoWra, maSin rodesac sxva
nafici msajuli SesaZloa iyos optimisturad ganwyobili da
ganacxados, rom `msgavsi faqtebi xdeba xolme~.
Seicvala Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajulis yofaqceva
gamocdilebis Sedegad? am kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxi faseuli
informaciaa.
rogor unda Sefasdes nafic msajulTa gamocdileba?
 rogori iyo gamocdileba?
 ramdenad Seesabameba gamocdileba mocemul situacias?
 rogori iyo nafici msajulis reaqcia?
 Seicvala Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajulis yo-
faqceva gamocdilebis Sedegad?
 ramdeni xani gavida mas Semdeg?
 rogor unda ixelmZRvanelos naficma msajulma gamoc-
dilebaze dayrdnobiT?
SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli efeqti
arapirdapiri gamocdilebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli
formaa e.w. SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli
efeqti, romelic mediis CarTulobiT miiRweva. arsebobs mo-
sazreba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdi-
nos nafic msajulTa molodinze SemTxvevis adgilis Cvenebam.
SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebas gaaCnia ori mTavari
potenciuri gavlena nafic msajulTa aRqmaze da maT mier
verdiqtis gamotanaze.
uaxloes kvlevebSi, verdiqtis gamotanisas, SemTxvevis
adgilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli efeqtis gavlena nafic
msajulebze, ar iqna gamokvleuli. miuxedavad amisa, Sesa-
83
Zloa nafic msajulebze arsebuli zegavlenis Sesaxeb zogadi
molodinis gansazRvra. magaliTad, zogierTi kvlevis Tanaxmad
dadginda, rom, pirebma, romlebmac naxes SemTxvevis adgili,
ukeT gaiges eqspertebis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi da
iyvnen ufro kritikulebi sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebis Se-
fasebis dros, vidre is pirebi, romlebsac ar unaxavT SemTx-
vevis adgili.
miuxedavad imisa, aris Tu ara aRniSnuli efeqti mniS-
vnelovani, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mxareebisTvis igi war-
moadgens faseul Temas nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros. bral-
debis mxarem SesaZloa gamoiyenos es Tema nafic msajulTa
iseTi interesebis gamosavlenad, rogoricaa, maTi moTxovna
eqspertizis Catarebis Sedegad mopovebul mtkicebulebebze
(magaliTad, dnm-is analizi), raTa damnaSaved cnon pirovneba.
dacvis mxaremac SesaZloa gamoiyenos igive Tema, raTa gaigos,
aniWeben Tu ara nafici msajulebi did mniSvnelobas calkeu-
li saxis mtkicebulebebs.
zogadi mosazrebebi da piradi Tvisebebi
nafic msajulTa Sexedulebebis gansazRvrisaTvis gamo-
sakvlevi informaciis mesame wyaros warmoadgns nafici msaju-
lebis zogadi mosazrebebi da maTi piradi Tvisebebi. mniSvne-
lovania potenciuri msajulebis ramdenime zogadi mosazre-
bis da piradi Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba. Cven ganvixilavT
or maTgans _ avtoritarizms da miukerZoeblobas. Tumca,
mniSvnelovania gaacnobieroT, rom nafic msajulTa zogadi
mosazrebebi da piradi Tvisebebi ar winaswarmetyveleben maT
moqmedebebs didi sizustiT. msajulebis zogadi mosazrebebi
da Tvisebebi mxolod qcevis zogad wesebs prognozireben,
magram SesaZloa konkretuli verdiqtis prognozireba ver
moaxdinon. am xarvezis miuxedavad, nafici msajulebis zogadi
mosazrebebis da piradi Tvisebebis codna mniSvnelovnad exma-
reba mxareebs msajulTa SerCevis dros sasurveli kandidatis
gamovlenaSi.
84
avtoritarizmi
avtoritarizmi aris piradi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba, ro-
melic gamoxatavs individTa antidemokratiul an totali-
tarul tendencias. es damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba xSirad aris
gaTvaliswinebuli nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros, gansaku-
TrebiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. arsebobs cxra kompo-
nentisagan Semdgari modeli, romelic damaxasiaTebelia avto-
ritaruli pirovnebisaTvis da romelic gviqmnis zogad STa-
beWdilebas am pirovnebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli komponentebia:
1. konvencionalizmi _ saSualo klasebisaTvis normebis
miReba da maTi Rirebulebebis ganmtkiceba;
2. avtoritaruli daqvemdebareba _ morCileba an daqvem-
debareba Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis brZanebebisa
da survilebisadmi;
3. avtoritaruli agresia _ socialuri Rirebulebebis
an normis damrRvevaTa dasjis survili;
4. xelis SeSla _ warmosaxviTi da kreatiuli ideebis
an qcevis oponireba;
5. crurwmena da stereotipi _ stereotipebisa da cru
Sexedulebisadmi erTguleba, magaliTad, qsenofobia
da rasizmi;
6. Zalaufleba da simkacre _ Zalauflebis da simkacri-
sadmi midrekileba;
7. gamanadgurebloba da cinizmi _ erTmaneTis mimarT
mtrulad ganwoba;
8. prognozireba _ Sexeduleba, rom sxvebsac igive grZ-
nobebi, Sexedulebebi da perspeqtivebi gaaCniaT;
9. seqsualuroba _ gadaWarbebuli seqsualuri Relva.
avtoritaruli pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli moce-
muli komponentebi gvixatavs sasargeblo suraTs, Tu ro-
gorebi arian amgvari adamianebi. avtoritaruli pirovnebebi,
xSir SemTxvevaSi, arian politikuri TvalsazrisiT konser-
vatorebi, rasistebi, mkacrebi da Zalauflebis moyvarulni.
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas avtoritaruli nafici msa-
julebi xSirad damnaSaved cnoben braldebuls, ufro metad
arian eqsperti mowmis Cvenebisa da nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
85
gavlenis qveS. amavdroulad, amgvari msajulebi ufro Sem-
wynareblebi arian im braldebulis mimarT, romelTanac isini
msgavsebas xedaven.
mniSvnelovani daskvna, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes, aris is,
rom avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi umetesad braldebis
mxarisTvis arian xelsayrelebi. isini warmoadgenen braldebis
mxaris `xerxemals~. amgvari msajulebi iTaviseben im faqts,
rom prokurorebi warmoadgenen saxelmwifos da xalxis le-
gitimur Zalauflebas _ dasajos kanonis damrRvevi pirebi.
adamianebi, romlebic asocirdebian braldebis mxaresTan, arian
policiisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmoamdgenlebi.
is faqti, rom maT samsaxurebriv movaleobas warmoadgens kan-
onis aRsruleba da sazogadoebis dacva, amaRlebs braldebis
mxaris pozicias avtoritaruli adamianebis TvalSi. amas-
Tan, avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi negatiurad aRiqvamen
braldebuls, radgan mas brali aqvs wayenebuli kanonis dar-
RvevisaTvis da xSir SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgens dabal social-
ur-ekonomikur fenas da Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia nafic
msajulTa umetesobisagan. umetes SemTxvevaSi braldebulebi
arian garkveuli seqtis an umciresobis warmomadgenlebi da
es maxasiaTebeli avtoritarebSi iwvevs winaswar uaryofiT
ganwyobas amgvari pirebis mimarT.
Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi avto-
ritaruli nafici msajulebi braldebis mxaris mimarT arian
keTilganwyobilebi, es ar niSnavs imas, rom amgvari msajulebi
yovelTvis braldebis sasargeblod iReben gadawyvetilebas.
advokatebma brmad ar unda gaiziaron is stereotipi, rom
avtoritarizmi nafic msajulebs maTTvis arasasurvels xdis.
rogorc cxrakomponentiani modeli cxadyofs, misi Semad-
genloba rTulia. aucilebelia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes es
kompleqsuroba, raTa ganisazRvros ramdenad sasurveli an
arasasurvelia avtoritaruli nafic msajulTa kandidatebi
Tqveni poziciisaTvis.
arsebobs garkveuli gamonaklisebi braldebis mxaris
mimarT keTilganwyobil avtoritarul nafic msajulebs So-
ris. magaliTad, iranSi, oliver norfis saqmeze (`crimes of
86
obedience~ _ `ukanono an moralurad gaumarTlebeli qmedeba
Cadenili uflebamosili pirebisadmi daumorCileblobis sapa-
suxod~), braldebulma moipova simpaTia avtoritarul nafic
msajulTa rigebSi. norfis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, igi asrulebda
prezidentis davalebas, raTa miewodebinda daxmreba nikara-
guas mowinaaRmdegeebisaTvis, rasac mohyva sapasuxo akordi
avtoritaruli nafic msajulebis mxridan. amasTan, is faqti,
rom igi asrulebda misi uSaualo zedamxedvelis miTiTebebsa
da brZanebebs iranisaTvis iaraRis miyidvis gasaidumloebis
Sesaxeb, warmoSva ufro meti simpaTia leitenant qolonel
norfis mimarT prokurorebTan SedarebiT.
iseTi saqmeebi, romlebic Seexeba samarTaldamcavi orga-
noebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan usamarTlo qcevas (magali-
Tad, gadaWarbebuli Zalis gamoyenebas an policiis mxridan
uxeSobas), xSir SemTxvevaSi, iwveven avtoritaruli nafici
msajulebis simpaTias braldebulis mimarT. avtoritaruli
nafici msajulebi guldasmiT iziareben samarTaldamcavi or-
ganoebis warmomadgenelTa gancxadebebs, rom maTi moqmedeba
iyo ubralod pasuxi im zomis odenobiT, rac aucilebeli iyo
konkretul situaciaSi. is faqti, rom braldebulebi arian
policiis warmomadgenlebi da policiis sxva TanamSromlebs
SeuZliaT Cvenebis micema braldebulis sasargeblod, zrdis
nafic msajulTa simpaTiebs. avtoritarul nafic msajulebs
da samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebs, xSir SemTx-
vevaSi, gaaCniaT msgavsi Sexedulebebi kanonis AaRsrulebasTan
dakavSirebiT. es msgavseba zrdis samarTaldamcavi organoebis
warmomadgenlebis Cvenebebs avtoritaruli nafici msajulebis
TvalSi.
avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi aseve iWeren bralde-
bulis sasargeblo pozicias rasistuli motiviT Cadenil
danaSaulebSi (umciresobebis mimarT) da zogierT seqsualuri
xasiaTis danaSaulSi. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi avtorita-
ruli msajulebi ar uTanagrZnoben danaSulis msxverpls..
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca arsebobs msxverplis Tanxmoba an
TviTon msxverpli iyenebs sakuTar Tavs sarisko situaciaSi,
avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi dacvis mxaris sasargeblo
87
pozicias iziareben. zemoaRniSnul magaliTebSi prokurorebs,
romlebic eyrdnobian maTTvis sasargeblo da misaReb avtori-
tarul stereotipebs, SeuZliaT gamoiyenon TavianTi dausab-
uTebeli acilebis ufleba.
potenciuri nafici msajulis avtoritarulobis xarisxis
gamosavlenad, aucilebelia iseTi kiTxvebis dasma, romlebic
miesadageba avtoritarul pirovnebas. iseT SekiTxvebze dadeb-
iTi pasuxebi, rogoricaa _ `migaCniaT Tu ara, rom morCileba
da pativiscema Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis mimarT mTavari
Rirsebebia, rac bavSvebma unda iswavlon?~ da `migaCniaT Tu
ara, rom umjobesia policias mieces ganusazRvreli Zalau-
fleba da uflebamosileba wesrigis SenarCunebis mizniT?~ _
aris avtoritarizmis maCvenebeli. AamerikaSi, zogierTi Sta-
tis iurisdiqciaSi sasamarTlo ar aZlevs mxareebs uflebas,
dasvan msgavsi zogadi xasiaTis kiTxvebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi
umjobesia daisvas iseTi saxis kiTxvebi, rogoric aris, mag-
aliTad:
`policielis Cveneba ufro sarwmuno iqneba TqvenTvis
sxva mowmeebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT?~
`migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tu braldebis mxares eqmneba prob-
lemebi sasamarTlo procesze mowmis mosayvanad, es imis maniS-
nebelia, rom braldebuli, savaraudod, damnaSavea?~
`migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebulma unda misces Cveneba
sakuTari Tavis dasacavad?~
dabolos, iuristebma, nafic msajulTa avtoritarizmis
gamovlenisaTvis unda Seadginon yoveli konkretuli saqmis
garemoebidan gamomdinare sxva kiTxvebic, romelic miesadageba
maT Teorias.
samarTlianoba
meore mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gaxlavT adamianTa zogadi
Sexedulebebi samarTlebriv urTierTobebze. samarTlianobis
Teoria gaxlavT urTierTobebSi samarTlianobis sakiTxis
erT-erTi damaregulirebeli faqtori. is exeba adamianebis
88
samarTlian urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul mosazrebebs, ker-
Zod, ras unda gascemdnen da ras unda iRebdnen mxareebi
urTierTobebidan. samarTlianobis Teoriis formulirebaT
saerTo maxasiaTebelia is faqti, rom adamianebs ar uyvarT
usamarTloba da Tuki miiCneven, rom urTierToba usamarTloa,
samarTlianobis aRdgenis survili uCndebaT.
nafic msajulTa SerCevisas, mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT,
Tu ra amocanis gadaWra uxdebaT nafic msajulebs da ro-
goria maTi damokidebuleba samarTlian urTierTobebTan, an
samarTlianobasTan mimarTebaSi. mxareebs Soris samarTlian
urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli SfoTva aqtualuria rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis, aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebis konteqstSi,
Tumca samoqalaqo sferoSi kidev ufro TvalSisacemia.
sisxlis samarTalSi, nafici msajulebi afaseben namd-
vilad Caidina Tu ara braldebulma danaSauli, romelic
bralad wauyenes. Sesabamisad, naficma msajulebma unda Seamow-
mon urTierTobebi braldebulsa da dazaralebuls Soris.
nafici msajulebi xSirad SeSfoTebuli arian samarTliano-
bis sakiTxis gamo, magram mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT kanonis
mier dawesebuli SezRudvebis zegavlena. Cveulebriv nafic
msajulebs ar eubnebian, rom isini moqmedeben sazogadoebis
saxeliT da Sesabamisad, SeuZlian samarTlianobis saWiroe-
bebidan gamomdinare gaamarTlon damnaSave braldebuli,_ ra-
sac nafic msajulTa uunarobas uwodeben. zogadad, nafici
msajulebi Zlieri zewolis qveS arian, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
maTi mosazreba samarTlianobsaTan dakavSirebiT da kanonis
moTxovna urTierTwinaaRmdegobrivia, cxadia, Tuki samar-
Tlianobis sakiTxebi ukiduresobamde ar midis. dgeba dilema:
nafici msajuli unda daemorCilos kanons Tu gadawyvetileba
miiRos sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
nafici msajulebis SerCevisas samarTlianobis principis
dacvis SemTxvevaSi 2 sakiTxi wamoiwevs win. pirvel rigSi,
mniSvnelovania gavarkvioT, Tu rogoria nafici msajulebis
ganwyoba mocemuli mdgomareobisadmi. magaliTad, miaCniaT Tu
ara nafic msajulebs, rom gaupatiurebis msxverplTa zogi-
erTi qmedeba _ magaliTad, braldebulis saxlSi gayola _
89
niSnavs, rom is Tavad daTanxmda, an garkveulwilad man Tavad
Seuwyo xeli, an winaswar gansazRvra riski imisa, rac moxda?
nafic msajulebs miaCniaT, Tu ara is faqti, rom qali Tavad
gahyva braldebuls saxlSi, ar aris mis mier Setanili `wv-
lili~ da ar niSnavda braldebulTan seqsualuri urTiier-
Tobis damyarebaze Tanxmobas?
mxareeTa `wvlilisa~ da mxareTaTvis `Sedegebis~ Sefaseba
potenciuri nafici msajulebis mxridan, gavlenas axdens ima-
ze, Tu ras miiCneven samarTlian, an Tanaswor urTierTobebad.
gaupatiurebis saqmis magaliTSi, potenciuri nafici msajuli,
romelic miiCnevs, rom braldebulis binaSi qalis yofna misi
mxridan Tanxmobas, anda riskis Sefasebaze miuTiTebs, sasarge-
blo iqneba dacvis mxarisaTvis.
nafic msajulTa SerCevasTan dakavSirebuli meore sakiTxi
ukavSirdeba Tavad potenciuri nafici msajulebis mier samar-
Tliani urTierTobebis Sefasebas. rodesac win aris wamoweu-
li Tanasworobis, an samarTlianobis sakiTxebi, potenciurma
naficma msajulebma, romelTaTvisac prioritetulia samar-
Tlianoba, SeiZleba gansxvavebuli pasuxebi gascen maTTan Se-
darebiT, visTvisac samarTlianoba naklebad mniSvnelovania.
qvemoT CamoTvlili kiTxvebis dasma SesaZloa dagexmaroT
imis garkvevaSi, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania samarTlianoba
potenciuri nafici msajulebisaTvis.
ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT msajulTa zogadi Sexedulebebis
gansazRvrisas nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros:
 rogoria nafic msajulTa Sexeduleba samarTlianobisa
da avtoritarizmis Sesaxeb?rogori iqneba nafic msa-
julTa reqacia mocemuli saqmis garemoebebze?
 ra kiTxvebiT SeiZleba nafic msajulTa amocoba?
 ra kiTxvebis dasma iqneba dasaSvebi sasamarTlos mier?
konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli Sexedulebebi
informaciis saboloo wyaro exeba konkretul saqmesTan
dakavSirebul Sexedulebebs. konkretul saqmesTan dakavSire-
90
buli Sexedulebebi gansxvavdeba zogadi mosazrebebisagan da
es mosazrebebi pirdapir ukavSirdeba saqmis konkretul maxa-
siaTeblebs. magaliTad, sakiTxebs da Temebs, mxareebs (pro-
kurors/advokats), potenciur moweebs, mtkicebulebebs, argu-
mentebs da mxareTa qcevis standartebs. konkretul saqmesTan
dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
maTi meSveobiT ukeTesad SeiZleba nafic msajulTa qmedebebis
winaswarmetyveleba, vidre zogad mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT,
vinaidan isini ufro pirdapir ukavSirdeba im gadawyvetile-
bebs, romlebsac nafici msajulebi miiReben.
konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli potenciurad gamosade-
gi mosazrebebis gansazRvra saqmis detaluri analizis Sedegadaa
SesaZlebeli. analizi saSualebas iZleva miviRoT pasuxebi Semdeg
kiTxvebze:
 ra aris saqmis Tema?
 ra ZiriTad samarTlebriv Tu emociur problemebTan
asocirdeba saqme?
 saqmesTan dakavSirebiT winasasamarTlo etapze gakeTeb-
uli publikacia (Tu iyo aseTi),misi Sinaarsi da Tval-
Taxedva??
 ra aris saqmis Zlieri da susti mxareebi?
 vin arian mowmeebi, romlebic sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi
miiReben monawileobas?
 ra aris saqmis monawile orive mxaris ZiriTadi ar-
gumentebi?
 saWiroa Tu ara, rom SerCevis sxdomis dros dasmuli
SekiTxvebi gamoricxavdes garkveuli faqtebis poten-
cir uaryofiT zegavlenas?
 saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT xom ar arsebobs
raime uCveulo, rac saWiroebs nafic msajulebTan er-
Tad am sakiTxis ganxilvas. mag rodesac didi fizi-
kuri aRnagobis, SeiaraRebuli mamakaci irwmuneba, rom
SedarebiT patara aRnagobis, SeuiaraRebeli mamakaci
Tavdacvis mizniT mokla?
91
 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi nafici msajulobis kandi-
datTa konkretuli Sexedulebebi SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes
winasasamarTlo sajaroobis zegavlenidan. aseve es Sexedule-
bebli SeiZleba efuZnebodes TviTmxilveli mowmis Cvenebis
sandoobas, saxelmwifos mier operaciis Sesasruleblad
`agentis~ gamoyenebas, an da im mowmeebis sandoobas, rom-
lebmac aRiares imave saqmeSi monawileoba. qvemoT mocemulia
ramdenime sademonstracio kiTxva:
 `raime informacia xom ar migiRiaT saqmesTan dakav-
SirebiT radios, televiziis, gazeTis an internetis
saSualebiT.~
 `mokled gviambeT am informaciis Sesaxeb.~
 `xom ar SegeqmnaT garkveuli wormodgena saqmis Sesaxeb
Tqvens megobrebTan da TanamSromlebTan saubris Sede-
gad? da ra warmodgena SegeqmnaT?~
dacvis mxare: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TviTmxilvels Sesa-
Zloa zustad ar axsovdes Tu ra moxda konkretul garemoe-
bebSi? SegiZliaT miTxraT ra garemoebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvi-
os TviTmxilvelis mier gulwrfeli Secdomis daSveba ambis
gaxsenebasTan dakavSirebiT?
braldebis mxare: rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT danaSaulis
monawile piris dasakaveblad `agentebis~ gamoyenebis mimarT?
braldebis mxare: sarwmuno iqneba Tu ara TqvenTvis im mow-
mis Cveneba, romelmac aRiarebiTi Cveneba gaakeTa da daTanxmda
Cveneba mieca imave saqmeSi monawile sxva brldebulebis wi-
naaRmdeg?
samarTlebrivi mosazrebebi
mosaxleobis did umciresobas gaaCnia mosazrebebi, rom-
lebic ewinaaRmdegeba marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxvadasx-
va samarTlebriv da iuridiul princips. Sesabamisad, mniS-
vnelovania, rom gaigoT potenciuri nafici msajulebis
codna da mosazrebebi ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi principebisa
da kanonebis Sesaxeb. potenciuri msajulebis samarTlebrivi
mosazrebebis gacnobisas, saWiroa daadginoT nebismieri aras-
92
wori mosazreba ubralod araswori gagebis Sedegia, Tu ufro
Rrma rwmenas efuZneba. es ukanaskneli SesaZloa potenci-
uri msajulis mier sasamarTlo miTiTebebis gauTvaliswine-
blobis mizezi gaxdes da Sesabamisad, pirovnebam msjeloba
imis mixedviT gaagrZelos, Tu, misi azriT, rogori unda iyos
kanoni. potenciuri msajulebis samarTlebrivi mosazrebebis/
Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba SesarCevi sxdomis
dros sistemuri midgomis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli. nafic
msajulTa swavleba, imisaTvis, raTa uzrunvelvyoT maT mier
samarTlebrivi standartebis gaTvaliswineba, unda ganxor-
cieldes mxolod mas Semdeg, rac isini gamoavlenen sakuTar
samarTlebriv damokidebulebebs. Tuki ver moaxerxebT naf-
ic msajulTa namdvili mosazrebebis garkvevas mniSvnelovani
samarTlebrivi sakiTxebebisa da cnebebis Sesaxeb, es SeiZleba
gaxdes nafici msajulis mier aragulwrfeli an politiku-
rad koreqtuli pasuxis gacemis safuZveli da realurad ar
gamoaaSkaravos maTi sapirispiro mosazrebebi.
Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi principebisa da kanonebis Ses-
axeb nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebis codnas gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aqvs. sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi mniSvnelova-
nia icodeT potenciuri msajulebis damokidebuleba bral-
debis mtkicebis tvirTis, mtkicebis xarisxis, an standartis
Sesaxeb, aseve udanaSaulobis prezumfciis da braldebulis
ZiriTadi uflebebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, dacvis mxaris pozi-
ciidan brldebulis CvenebasTan dakavSirebuli damokidebule-
bebis garkvevis mizniT dasmuli SekiTxvebi SesaZloa aseTi
Sinaarsis iyos:
 `migaCniaT Tu ara, rom danaSaulSi braldebul pirs
unda hqondes survili gagiziaroT misi pozicia, Tu
ra moxda?
 `rogori damokidebuleba geqnebaT braldebulis mimarT,
romelmac sasamarTloze dumilis uflebis gamoyenebis
gadawyvetileba miiRo? aseT SemTxvevaSi, xom ar CaTv-
liT, rom braldebuli raRacas malavs?~
gaiTvaliswineT, rom zemoT moyvanili kiTxvebi ar gamox-
93
atavs dacvis pozicias, rom braldebulma ar unda misces
Cveneba, aramed isini mimarTulia imisken, rom gairkves po-
tenciuri nafici msajulebis reaqcia braldebulis mimarT,
romelic sargeblobs dumilis uflebiT.
braldebis mxares SesaZloa ainteresebdes ras miiCneven
nafici msajulebi marTebulad da ramdenad faseulia maTTvis
iribi mtkicebuleba.
magaliTad, `raime problema xom ar gaqvT imasTan daka-
vSirebiT, rom braldebuli mxolod iribi mtkicebulebebis
safuZvelze gansajoT?~
rogor gavarkvioT (gamovavlinoT) nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebi
samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi:
 gamoavlineT Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi Sexedulebebi.
 nu etyviT nafic msajulebs romelia marTebuli samar-
Tlebrivi mosazreba, anda pozicia.
 saSualeba mieciT nafic msajulebs aRweron sakuTari
poziciebi da masTan dakavSirebuli warmodgenebi.
potenciuri nafici msajulebis Sesaxeb xSirad misi araver-
baluri komuniaciis SeswavliT ufro met informacias miiRebT,
vidre Tavad kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebidan.
nafic msajulTa araverbaluri komunikaciis
Seswavla
miznebi
 nafici msajulebis mier sakuTari mosazrebebisa da
midrekilebebis gamovlenis Seswavla araverbaluri
qcevis safuZvelze.
 komunikaciis normaluri formebisagan gadaxvevebis
mniSvnelobis gaazreba.
 nafici msajulebis SesarCevad araverbaluri komunika-
ciis xerxebis gamoyenebis strategiebis SemuSaveba.
94
potenciuri nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebisa da
midrekilebebis Sesafaseblad, mniSvnelovania vicodeT raze
migvaniSnebs nafici msajuli garda im pasuxebisa, romelsac
SerCevis sxdomis dros vismenT. rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT,
Cveulebriv, SerCevis sxdomis warmarTvis forma nafici msa-
julebis gulwrfelobas da gulaxdilobas aferxebs. amasTan,
damtkicebulia, rom potenciurma naficma msajulebma SeiZle-
ba scadon moatyuon mxareebi kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebis
meSveobiT. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom SerCevis pro-
cesi umeteswilad Tavad nafici msajulebis mier mowodebul
informacias emyareba, mxolod potenciuri msajulebis mier
gacemulma pasuxebma maTi WeSmariti grZnobebi da Sexedule-
bebi SeiZleba ar gamoavlinos.
araverbaluri komunikaciis tipebi
adamianebs Soris komunikaciis erT-erTi yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani xerxi ar ukavSirdeba maTi naTqvamis Sinaarss, gan-
sakuTrebiT, rodesac saubaria maT Sexedulebebsa da emo-
ciebze. kvlevebis Tanaxmad, adamianTa mTliani komunikaciis
60-65% egreT wodebuli araverbaluri komunikaciis meSveo-
biT myardeba. am tipis komunikacia moicavs JestebiT, mimike-
biT gamoxatul qcevebs (aralingvisturi sxeulis moZraobe-
bi) da paralingvistur qcevebs (saubris arakonteqstualuri
aspeqtebi). araverbalur komunikaciaSi aseve mniSvnelovani
yuradReba eTmoba adamianis mRelvarebas, gansakuTrebiT imis
dasadgenad, tyuils ambobs Tu ara igi. rodesac adamianebi
Relaven sakiTxis delikaturobis gamo, zogadad nerviuloben,
anda cdiloben moityuon, am dros isini sxvadasxva tipis
Jestebis, mimikebisa da paralingvisturi qcevis an mRelva-
rebis sxva saxiT amJRavneben Tavs.
nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis procesSi advoka-
tebs/prokurorebs SeuZliaT potenciuri msajulebis Sexed-
ulebebi, grZnobebi da midrekilebebi araverbalur komunika-
ciaSi nagulisxmevi informaciis meSveobiT amoicnon. arse-
bobs ori tipis araverbaluri indikatori, romlebic nafic
msajulTa grZnobebze, anda maT mier simarTlis Tqmis Ta-
95
vis aridebaze miuTiTebs: vizualuri niSnebi (rasac vxedavT)
da smeniTi signalebi (rac gvesmis). vizualuri da smeniTi
niSnebisa da signalebis Seswavlisas ramdenime sakiTxi unda
gaviTvaliswinoT. pirvel rigSi, ar arsebobs e.w. `pinoqios
efeqti~ (zRaprul gmir pinoqios tyuilis Tqmisas cxviri ez-
rdeba) erTi sayovelTaod cnobili qceva, romelic asocird-
eba, mRelvarebasTan an tyuilis TqmasTan. meore, marTalia,
ganmartebisaTvis am niSnebs da signalebs viTvaliswinebT, ma-
gram realurad msajulTa qceva ase martivad gasagebi ara
ris. araverbaluri niSnebi Cveulebriv sxvadasxva niSnis kom-
binaciisa da erTobliobis formiT miuTiTebs mocemuli qce-
vis mniSvnelobaze. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom arc erT
etapze potenciuri msajulis araverbaluri komunikaciis in-
terpretacia mxolod erTi martivi niSnis/qcevis safuZvelze
ar ganvaxorcieloT.
mesame _ naficma msajulebma individualuri qcevebi, anda
qcevaTa erToblioba sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo SeiZleba ga-
moavlinon. magaliTad, potenciuri nafici msajulis mier xe-
lebis gulmkerdis aresTan gadajvaredineba SeiZleba mosme-
nilisadmi mis arakeTilganwyobas gamoxatavdes, anda ubralod
imas, rom kondencioneris gamo Sescivda. potenciuri nafici
msajulis namdvili grZnobebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani infor-
maciis misaRebad saWiroa yuradRebiT daakvirdeT mTlian pro-
cess.
meoTxe _ rodesac vsaubrobT imaze, Tu ra unda movZe-
bnoT nafici msajulis araverbalur komunikaciaSi, saWiroa
yvelaferi Tavidan daviwyoT, rac imas niSnavs, rom unda gaviT-
valiswinoT potenciuri nafici msajulisaTvis Cveulebriv
damaxasiaTebeli araverbaluri qceva. rogor iqcevian nafici
msajulebi Tavad SerCevis sxdomis dros? uSaualod sxdomis
dawyebisas maT qcevaze dakvirveba erTgvar saxelmZRvanelo
principad, anda aTvlis wertilad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT da
moaxdinoT maT momdevno qcevebTan Sedareba. icvleba Tu ara
nafic msajulTa qceva imis mixedviT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba
movlenebi SerCevis sxdomis dros (ra kiTxvebs usvaven, anda
ra sakiTxis ganxilva mimdinareobs sxdomaze)? magaliTad,
96
xom ar avlens msajuli nerviulobis niSnebs, anda kiTxvebis
dasmis dros xom ar aris aJitirebuli, anda xom ar Relavs
mxolod maSin, rodesac saubroben rasobriv urTierTobebze,
anda garkveul reformaze? xom ar aris nafici msajuli rome-
lime mxaresTan ufro komunikabeluri, vidre sxvebTan?
dabolos, mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mRelvare-
ba da ganzrax motyueba SeiZleba erT adamianSi sxvadasxvagvar
reaqciebs iwvevdes. nafici msajulebis kandidatebi SeiZle-
ba mRelvarebis niSnebs (mag., Tvalis daxamxamebis gaxSireba,
an Tvalis kontaqtis ar damyareba) mgrZnobiare sakiTxebTan
mimarTebaSi avlendnen, magram, rodesac saqme exeba konkre-
tulad SecdomaSi Semyvan an mcdar mosazrebebs, SesaZloa
ufro metad Seecadon sakuTari araverbaluri komunikaciis
kontrolirebas (mag., warmatebiT SeinarCunon Tvalis kon-
taqti). es ukanaskneli SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes nafic msa-
julTa stereotipebs motyuebis warmatebuli xerxebis Ses-
axeb, radgan, magaliTad, Tvalis kontaqtis dakargva tyuilis
TqmasTan asocirdeba. nafic msajulTa pasuxebis amocnobis
saidumlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ganasxvaoT maTi qcevis
gadaxvevebi tipuri qcevidan. swored tipuri qcevidan gan-
sxvavebuli qceva, anda qcevaTa erToblioba exmareba proku-
rorebs/advokatebs imis garkvevaSi, ramdenad emTxveva nafici
msajulis naTqvami da misi mosazrebebi erTmaneTs.
vizualuri niSnebi: ras vxedavT
niSnebis pirveli kategoria Sedgeba imisagan, rasac po-
tenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevaSi vxedavaT. magaliTad,
maTi moZraoba, poza da saxis gamometyveleba. mniSvnelovania
8 tipis niSani:
 sxeulis moZraoba;
 sxeulis poza;
 sxeulis orientacia;
 uneblie niSnebi;
 mxrebis aCeCva;
 Tvalis kontaqti;
 saxis gamometyveleba;
97
  Tundac umniSvnelo mimika;
sxeulis moZraoba
zogadad, rac ufro Relavs potenciuri nafici msajuli,
miT ufro met moZraobas akeTebs. es moZraobebi SesaZloa
mTeli sxeulis (mag., sxeulis pozis Secvla) moZraobas, anda
mxolod zogierTi nawilis moZraobas gulisxmobdes (mag.,
wriali anda TiTebis tkacuni). gauCerebeli moZraoba, ro-
melic sxeulis mTeli masis gadaadgilebas moicavs (`cqmutva~
an `krunCxva~), mRelvarebis, an nerviulobis gamomxatvelia
da erTgvari tradiciuli reaqciaa `cxel skamze~ jdomisa.
nervuli energiis, an mRelvarebis gafantvas emsaxureba
ufro susti, SeumCneveli moZraobebi _ xelebis erTdroulad
xaxuni da sresa, anda TiTebis gamudmebiT skamis saxelurze,
wignze, gazeTze, an sxva saganze kakuni. TiTebis tkacuni da
kakuni SesaZloa amavdroulad mouTmenlobasac gamoxatavdes.
sxeulis amgvari moZraobebi xSirad tyuilis Tqmis indikato-
ria da prokuroris/advokatis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebisadmi
aradadebiT damokidebulebaze miuTiTebs. xelsaxocis, gul-
sakidis, samajuris, saaTis anda beWdis wvalebasac analogi-
uri axsna aqvs, Tumca mRelvarebis SedarebiT mcire miniSnebaa.
mRelvarebis sxva niSnebia e.w. `adaptaciuri~ moZraobebi,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva, Tmis moqaCva, an dax-
veva, an ubralod saxeze xeliT Sexeba. xeliT Tmis varcx-
na SesaZloa aseve mRelvarebis gamomxatveli iyos. aRelve-
buli nafici msajulobis kandidatebi xSirad erTi xeliT
ukan ivarcxnian Tmas, anda swrafi moZraobiT gaiqneven Tavs
Tmis gasworebis mizniT. mRelvarebis niadagze xeliT da-
varcxnis msgavsi moZraobebis gakeTebisas potenciurma naficma
msajulebma SesaZloa aseve daiwyon tansacmlis `wvaleba~,
tansacmlidan nacveTis mocileba, an ubralod Seisworon
tansacmeli (kaba, qurTuki, perangi, an halstuxi).
magram zemoT xsenebuli yvela moZraoba aucileblad
mRelvarebis maniSnebeli ar aris. magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva
SesaZloa aseve gaurkvevlobas, yoymansac niSnavdes, gansa-
kuTrebiT Tuki Tavi moqeqvis dros erT mxareze aqvs adamians
98
gadaxrili. xelebis moWera Tu mRelvarebas gamoxatavs, xe-
lisgulebis erTmaneTze win da ukan xaxuni SesaZloa Tavda-
jerebulobis, anda raRac sasurvelis molodinis gamomxatve-
li iyos. xelisgulebis SeerTeba imgvarad, rom TiTebi cisken
iyos mimarTuli, mianiSnebs sakuTar poziciaSi, an/da naTqvamSi
dajerebulobaze. amasTan, eqspresiuli Jestebi, an `ilus-
traciuri~ moZraobebi, romlebic saubrisas iqna gamoyenebu-
li, zogadad procesSi meti CarTulobis, anda moxerxebulad
grZnobis gamomxatvelia. es niSnebi Tu qcevebi potenciuri na-
fici msajulebis aRelvebul reaqciebSi ar unda SegveSalos.
sxeulis poza
es niSani informaciis or wyaros aerTianebs _ sxeulis
simtkices da Jestebs. zogadad, rac ufro mtkice sxeulis
pozicia aqvs potenciur msajuls, miT ufro metad Relavs
is. simtkicis niSnebi moicavs gamarTul, gaSeSebul pozas da
daZabul kunTebs. xelisa da TiTebis kunTebis daZabvis Sede-
gad, SeiZleba TiTebi gaTeTrebulad gamoiyurebodes, rode-
sac aRelvebuli piri xels skamis saxelurebs hkidebs, anda
xelebs gadaajvaredinebs da muxlebze daidebs. mRelvarebis
SedarebiT mcire niSnebs warmoadgens sxeulis mcire kunTebis
jgufis daZabva, gansakuTrebiT saxis areSi. 28
simtkice aseve TvalSisacemia, rodesac SerCevis sxdomi-
sas kiTxvebis dasmis dros Tavisa da sxeulis Cveulebrivi
moZraobebis Sesruleba ar xdeba. umoZraoba aseve SeiZleba
gamoixatebodes xelebis, fexebis gadajvaredinebiT. Tumca
mniSvnelovania, rom zemoT xsenebuli niSnebi potenciuri na-
28 es mosazrebebi ara marto nafic msajulebze, aramed sxva pirebzec
moqmedebs. magaliTad, aviRoT samedicino gaufrTxileblobis motiviT, saavad-
myofos winaaRmdeg warmoebuli saqmis ganxilva. daikiTxa saavadmyofos
administratori, romelmac saavadmyofos sandoobis da miyenebuli zianis
moculobis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze mcire, magram informaciuli araverbaluri
pasuxebi gasca. misi pasuxebi pirdapir mosarCelis sawinaaRmdego ar iyo,
magram pasuxismgeblobisa da miyenebuli zianis sakiTxebis xsenebisTanave is
ybis kunTebs Zabavda, xolo rodesac kiTxvebi naklebad mgrZnobiare sakiTxebs
exeboda, maSin ybis ZarRvebs moadunebda xolme.
99
fici msajulis araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva Tvisebebis
WrilSi ganvixiloT. magaliTad, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi mRelvarebisa da motyuebis vizualuri niSnebi
da Tavdajerebuli Rimili moxerxebulobis, simSvidis, anda
wyaro qcevaTa nimuSebi
Tanxmobis maniSnebelia. gadajvaredinebuli fexebi da erTi
fexis mciredi moZraoba mouTmenlobas, anda mobezrebas gamox- sxeulis pozis cvlileba, xelebis sresa, erTi
atavs. xelebis jibeebSi Cawyoba, gansakuTrebiT muStebiani xe- moZraoba da igive ganmeorebiTi moZraobebi, an
lis, mRelvarebisa da zogjer damaluli mtrobis amsaxvelia. `adaptaciuri moZraobebi~
sxvadasxva Jestis meSveobiT SesaZloa aseve miviRoT in-
formacia potenciuri nafici msajulebis grZnobebis Sesaxeb. sxeulis poza ufro meti simtkice da naklebi Tavis da
TiTebis pirze Sexeba imis mauwyebelia, rom nafici msajuli sxeulis moZraoba
Tavis namdvil grZnobebs malavs, anda survili ar aqvs, rom
gamoavlinos. pirze mTliani xelis mifareba niSnavs, rom msa- dafaruli orientacia, gadajvaredinebuli
juli naTqvamSi darwmunebili ar aris, anda naTqvamis gamo xelebi da fexebi, momxseneblisagan ukan
sxeulis
uxerxulad grZnobs Tavs. nafici msajulebi, romlebic Tavs
orientacia gadaxra
iqeqaven, SesaZloa dasmuli kiTxvis Sefasebas cdiloben, anda
eWvi eparebaT gakeTebul gancxadebaSi (tuCebis daWimva kidev
ufro gaZlierebuli reaqciaa). yelze gaxsnili mtevnis mideba Sekruli muStebiT gadajvaredinebuli
uneblie
gviCvenebs, rom msajuli amaRelvebeli situaciidan, sakiTxis- xelebi, anda fexebze dawyobili moxrili
niSnebi
agan, an pirovnebisagan, magaliTad, damnaSave braldebulisagan xelebi
Tavis dacvas saWiroebs.
sxeulis poziciis ukanaskneli aspeqti `sarkis~ efeqtis mxrebis aqaCva mxrebis aqaCva
cnebas exeba. sarkis efeqti gulisxmobs, Tu ramdenad imeo-
reben adamianebi maT garSemo myofi pirebis (anda mosaubris) naklebi vizualuri kontaqti da gax-
sxeulis poziciebs da manerebs. sarkis efeqti Cveulebriv Sirebuli Tvalis xamxami; gamonaklisi:
Tvalis
mianiSnebs daTanaxmebas, dadebiT reaqcias mosmenilze, an mo- mtruli ganwyoba da kulturuli nor-
kontaqti
saubre pirTan sakuTari Tavis identificirebas. potenci- mebidan gamomdinare Semcirebuli vizua-
urma naficma msajulebma SeiZleba gaimeoren prokuroris/ luri kontaqti
advokatis an sxva nafici msajulis poza, an manera, Tuki am saxis Sublis Sekvra, skeptikuri gamometyveleba,
adamianis identificirebas axdenen, anda maTdami dadebiTad gamometyveleba xelovnuri Rimili (`dayenebuli~ sicili)
arian ganwyobili. nafic msajulebs Soris erTmaneTis qcevis
gameoreba SeiZleba migvaniSnebdes, imaze, rom maT Soris urT- Tundac swrafi (gakvriTi) saxis gamometyvelebebi,
ierTgagebaa damyarebuli.erTi msajulis mier meoris qcevis umniSvnelo romlebic xSirad dominanturTan Seu-
gameoreba imis mauwyebelia, rom Tuki erTad mouxdebaT nafic mimika Tavsebel gamometyvelebas gamoxataven
msajulebad gamosvla, SesaZloa maT Soris urTierTTanamS-
romloba damyardes.

100 101
 sxeulis orientacia
mesame niSani exeba potenciuri nafici msajulis sxeulis
orientacias prokuroris/advokatis mimarT. zogadad, sxeu-
lis orientacia gulisxmobs msmenelis sxeulis wina nawilis
mimarTebas mosaubresTan. Ria orientaciisas msmenelis sxeuli
mosaubrisaken aris `moxrili~. nafici msajulis Ria orien-
tacia Cveulebriv imaze metyvelebs, rom msajuli ar Relavs,
dadebiTad aris ganwyobili mosaubris mimarT, an eTanxmeba
mosaubris pozicias. ZiriTadad, Ria orientaciisas msmeneli
Tavisuflad zis, ise rogorc im adamianebis garemocvaSi,
visTanac komfortulad grZnobs Tavs. aqedan gamomdinare, mo-
saubris mimarT msmenelis sxeulis gadaxris kuTxis xarisxi
miuTiTebs urTierTobis `daxurul~ xasiaTze, anda mosaubris,
an misi poziciis mimarT winaaRmdegobaze. daxuruli orien-
tacia SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT informatiuli iyos, rodesac
erTi an meore mxaris mimarT orientacias asaxavs.
orientaciis am maxasiaTebelTan mimarTebaSi aseve mniS-
vnelovania dakvirveba nafici msajuli `dacviT~ poziciaSi
xom ar zis. kidurebis gadajvaredineba orientaciasTan kom-
binaciaSi prokuroris/advokatis mimarT daxurul poziciaze
miuTiTebs. nafici msajulebi, romlebic amgvarad gadaijvare-
dineben xelebs, amJRavneben mxaris mimarT winaaRmdegobas, an
mtrul damokidebulebas.
sarkiseburi efeqtis msgavsad, sxeulis orientacia gvawv-
dis informacias potenciuri nafici msajulebis erTmaneTTan
savaraudo urTierTobis Sesaxeb. potenciur nafic msajulTa
qceva derefanSi, Sesvenebebis da SerCevis sxdomis dros, maT
urTierTobaze metyvelebs. rodesac ramdenime nafici msajuli
jgufad dgas da sxeuli jgufis centrisaken aqvT mimarTuli,
jgufi `daxuruli~ xasiaTisaa. es eqskluziuri urTierToba
gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia, rodesac am jgufis maxloblad
sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebic dganan, Tumca jgufSi ar
Sedian. potenciur nafic msajulTa orientaciiT SesaZlebe-
lia sxdomaze maTi damokidebulebebi ganvsazRvroT. rodesac
ramdenime potenciuri nafici msajuli erTad dgas, sxva msa-
julebi erTgvarad `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi arian da maTi
sxeulebi an pirdapir aris mimarTuli, anda am potenciuri
102
nafici msajulebisagan gansxvavebul mxares.
dabolos, mosaubris, an mis sawinaaRmdegod gadaxra
gviCvenebs prokuroris/advokatis, an dasacavi piris mimarT
msmenelis interesis xarisxs. zogadad, nafici msajulebi,
romlebic win arian gadaxrili, interess, yuradRebas, an
Tanxmobas gamoxataven, magram es prokurorisaTvis/advokati-
saTvis aucileblad dadebiTi niSani ar aris. mtrulad gan-
wyobili potenciuri nafici msajuli, romlis win gadaxrili
pozicia mxaris mimarT yuradRebaze miuTiTebs, realurad Sei-
Zleba ufro sabrZolo interess gamoxatavdes da ara dadebiT
damokidebulebas. meore mxriv, nafici msajulis ukan gadaweva
Cveulebriv sakiTxisadmi nakleb interess, an sakiTxis mi-
uReblobas gamoxatavs. es ukanaskneli niSani SeiZleba aseve
asaxavdes naTqvamis, an miRebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT kom-
fortul damokidebulebas. magram orive SemTxveva mainc imaze
miuTiTebs, rom nafici msajuli naklebad yuradRebiT aris
ganwyobili.
uneblie niSnebi (simboloebi)
niSnebi aris Jestebi, romlebic sityvebis nacvlad gamoiy-
eneba. Tavis daqneva (dasturis niSnad), an gaSlili xelis
yuris ukan mideba (ar mesmis/cota maRali xmiT TqviT) ada-
mians sityvebis gareSe sakuTari ganzraxvis gamoxatvaSi ex-
mareba. iseve rogorc arsebobs `sityvis wamocdena~, SeiZleba
arsebobdes `uneblie Jestebi~, an `uneblie niSnebi~.
`uneblie niSnebidan~ informaciis miRebis mTavari said-
umlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom, rogorc wesi, es niSnebi Cveu-
lebriv mxedvelobis viwro farglebs gareT iCens Tavs (da
xSirad mxolod nawilobrivad). magaliTad, iseTi niSani, an
Jesti, rogoricaa SekumSuli muSti, anda akankalebuli xeli,
xSirad sxeulis win, anda sxeulisagan moSorebiT fiqsirdeba
da mtruli ganwyobis, anda gabrazebis gamoxatvaa. Cveulebriv,
msgavsi niSnebis gamoyeneba SerCevis sxdomisas ar aris mar-
Tebuli. amisgan gansxvavebiT, idayvTan mitanili SekumSuli
muSti naklebad SesamCnevia, Tumca isic nafici msajulis
namdvil mtrul damokidebulebas gamoxatavs.
103
 mxrebis aqaCva
pasuxis gacemisas mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba imaze miuTiTeb-
des, rom (tyuilis TqmiT gamowveuli) mRelvarebis gamo mo-
pasuxe ar aris sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli, uxerxulad an
dabneulad grZnobs Tavs. mxrebis aqaCva SesaZloa nafici msa-
julis mier dasmuli SekiTxvis kvalificirebas asaxavdes. po-
tenciuri nafici msajulebi, romlebic braldebulis savarau-
do udanaSaulobasTan, an miyenebuli tkivilis, an tanjvis
kompensaciis kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis dros qaCaven mxrebs,
faqtobrivad prokurorebs/advokatebs eubnebian imas, rom isi-
ni darwmunebuli ar arian, an ar eTanxmebian maT naTqvams. am
informaciis codna mniSvnelovania, raTa SevafasoT ramdenad
sasurvelia konkretuli nafici msajulis arCeva.
nafici msajulis mier mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve mi-
aniSnebdes, rom is valdebuli ar aris gaiTvaliswinos mos-
menili. am pirobebSi, potenciuri nafici msajuli mxares
faqtobrivad eubneba, rom sityvierad eTanxmeba mosmenils,
Tumca am Tanxmobam SeiZleba aranairi gavlena ar iqonios mis
gadawyvetilebebze. dabolos, mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve
sakiTxis mimarT indiferentuli damokidebulebis gamoxat-
uleba iyos, rogorc im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msa-
juli amCnevs, rom policia zogjer aWarbebs sakuTar ufle-
bamosilebas potenciur samarTaldamrRvevebTan mimarTebaSi.
vizualuri kontaqti
SerCevis sxdomisas potenciuri nafici msajulis mcd-
eloba an unari, daamyaros da SeinarCunos vizualuri kon-
taqti, SesaZlebelia misi mRelvarebis donis sazomi iyos.
Tuki prokurors/advokats da potenciur nafic msajuls So-
ris urTierToba daZabuli an mRelvarea, droTa ganmavlobaSi
es daZabuloba kidev ufro gaizrdeba. daZabulobis zrdaze
potenciuri nafici msajulebis reaqcia ki vizualuri kon-
taqtis darRveva (Tvalis aridebis, an daxamxamebis formiT)
iqneba. vizualuri kontaqtis gawyvetis Semdeg daZabulobis
done droebiT Semcirdeba da mogvianebiT nafic msajulebs
104
SeuZliaT kvlav aRadginon Tvalis kontaqti prokurorTan/
advokatTan. mRelvarebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, nafici
msajulobis kandidats SeuZlia `SeinarCunos saSualodan
maRal donemde vizualuri kontaqti prokurorTan/advokat-
Tan.. igive damokidebuleba vrceldeba im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac nafici msajulis kandidati dadebiTad aris ganwyobili
mxaris mimarT, anda ainteresebs ris Tqmas apirebs igi. Tumca,
rodesac potenciuri nafici msajuli aRelvebulia (SesaZloa
imis gamo, rom tyuils ambobs), SeiZleba davafiqsiroT vi-
zualuri kavSiris Sewyveta da potenciuri nafici msajulis
mier mniSvnelovan momentSi Tvalis arideba, an/da daxamxameba.
vizualur kontaqtsa da mRelvarebas Soris arsebuli
kavSiris codna prokurors/advokats saSualebas aZlevs gaiT-
valiswinos ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi. inarCuneben,
Tu ara vizualur kontaqts potenciuri nafici msajulebi
prokurorTan/advokatTan kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis dros, Tu
mniSvnelovan momentSi arideben Tvals? magaliTad, sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeSi, braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemisagan
Tavis Sekavebaze, nafici msajulis pasuxia: `am faqts bralde-
bulis sawinaaRmdegod ar gamoviyeneb (nafici msajuli Tvals
aridebs advokats), Tuki braldebuli Tavs ikavebs Cvenebis
micemisagan Tavdacvis mizniT (da am dros msajuli aRadgens
vizualur kontaqts)~, pasuxis bolos Tvalis arideba nafici
msajulis mRelvarebaze metyvelebs. xom ar axSirebs poten-
ciuri nafici msajuli Tvalis daxamxamebas romelime konkre-
tul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas, an rodesac prokurori/
advokati usvams romelime konkretul SekiTxvas? SeuZlia,
Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls SeinarCunos vizualuri
kontaqti gamokiTxvis procesSi? Tuki potenciuri nafici
msajuli ver moaxerxebs vizualuri kontaqtis SenarCunebas,
es SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom msajuli mxarisaTvis sasargeblo/
sasurveli kandidatura ar aris.
vizualur kontaqtsa da mRelvarebas Soris arsebuli ze-
moT xsenebuli kavSiridan 3 gamonaklisi arsebobs: pirveli _
myari vizualuri kavSiri Cveulebriv nafici msajulis saku-
Tari Tavis Tavisuflad grZnobas, an dainteresebas mianiSnebs,
105
magram gadaWarbebuli kavSiri SesaZloa mtruli damokideb-
ulebis maCvenebeli iyos. am fenomens ukavSirdeba gamoTqma
`Seicani mteri Seni~ (mag., `ar momwonxar da amitom Tvals
gadevneb~). meore _ gadametebuli vizualuri kontaqti aseve
asocirdeba motyuebis, an namdvili grZnobebis dafarvis mcd-
elobasTan. rogorc wesi, rodesac nafici msajuli motyuebas,
an araswori informaciis gadmocemas cdilobs da miaCnia,
rom daJinebuli mzera mas ufro sarwmunod gamoaCens, amis
gamo man SeiZleba gangeb gadametebuli vizualuri kavSiri
daamyaros. mesame _ sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxva do-
nis vizualuri kavSiria mizanSewonili. magaliTad, espanuri
da aziuri warmomavlobis nafici msajulebis kandidatebma
SeiZleba naklebi vizualuri kavSiri daamyaron, rac Zalian
martivad aixsneba maTi kulturuli kuTvnilebiT.es gamon-
aklisebi kidev erTxel usvams xazs im faqts, rom saWiroa
yvela verbaluri da araverbaluri niSani erTad ganixiloT,
raTa swored SevafasoT nafici msajulis kandidatis real-
uri grZnobebi da Sexedulebebi.
saxis gamometyveleba
saxis gamometyveleba, savaraudod, swored is niSania,
romelsac adamianebi yvelaze metad endobian urTierTobi-
sas. Sublis SeWmuxna, gaRimeba, SeSfoTebuli gamoxedva, skep-
tikuri an eWviani gamometyveleba arsebuli situaciis, an
pirovnebis Sesaxeb gvawvdis informacias. saxis gamometyvele-
basTan dakavSirebuli problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom so-
cializaciis procesSi, adamianebi yvelaze ukeTesad, sxva ara-
verbaluri komunikaciis aspeqtebTan SedarebiT, swored saxis
gamometyvelebis kontrolirebas swavloben. nafici msajulis
kandidati SeiZleba iRimebodes, anda dainteresebas gamox-
atavdes maSinac ki, rodesac misi grZnobebi ar Seesabameba
am gamometyvelebas. Tumca, Tuki nafici msajulis kandidati
gansakuTrebiT daxelovnebuli ar aris araverbaluri komuni-
kaciis unar-CvevebSi, realur grZnobebsa da gamometyvelebas
Soris arsebul Seusabamobas raime formiT mainc gamoavlens
106
or aspeqtSi: Tavad saxis gamometyvelebasa da sxeulis sxva
niSnebTan SeusabamobaSi.
potenciuri nafici msajulebis saxis gamometyvelebam
SeiZleba ramdenime gziT amxilos (gasces) maTi `damaluli~
grZnobebi. pirvel rigSi, saxis gamometyvelebis xarisxiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom tyuilis dadgenis raime Zlieri da
swrafi wesebi ar arsebobs, `dayenebuli~ (xelovnuri) Rimi-
li, romelic mocemuli situaciisaTvis Seuferebelze metx-
ans grZeldeba, tyuilis an SeniRbulobis gamovlenaa. nafici
msajulebi xSirad iyeneben Rimils namdvili grZnobebis Ses-
aniRbad. xelovnuri Rimili ufro xangrZlivia, gulwrfeli
Rimili ki bunebrivad uCinardeba situaciis, an grZnobebis
cvlilebis paralelurad. xelovnuri Rimili gviCvenebs,
Tu ramdenad SeuZlia nafic msajuls sakuTari Tavis kon-
trolireba da uemocio, dayenebuli saxis SenarCuneba, maSin
rodesac konkretul situaciaSi sawinaaRmdego reaqcia unda
hqondes. magaliTad, rodesac prokurori/advokati SemTxve-
viT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caagdebs uaryofiTad ganwyobil
nafic msajuls, naficma msajulma SeiZleba xelovnuri Ri-
milis meSveobiT dafaros mxaris mimarT sakuTari uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba.
amasTan, aragulwrfeli saxis gamometyveleba xSirad asi-
metriulia da gulwrfeli Rimilisagan gansxvavebiT, mTel
saxeze ar vrceldeba. arsebobs gamoTqma `mrudi (calyba)
Rimili~. aseTi Rimilis dros tuCebi mxolod erT boloSia
erTad aziduli maRla, xolo tuCebis meore bolo umoqm-
edod, horizontalur poziciaSi, anda umniSvnelod dablaa
daweuli, SeWmuxnili.
dabolos, realuri grZnobebis gamoaSkaraveba nafici msa-
julis sxva araverbaluri niSnebis meSveobiTac xdeba. gamoaS-
karavebas adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac saxis gamometyveleba
sasurvel efeqts asaxavs, xolo sxeulis niSnebi mis sapir-
ispiro gzavnilebs gvawvdian. magaliTad, protenciuri nafici
msajuli SesaZloa sityvierad gamoxatavdes mxaris mimarT
samarTliani mopyrobis survils, xolo saxis gamometyvelba
neitraluri, anda dadebiTi hqondes. amavdroulad sxeulis
107
niSnebi SesaZloa winaaRmdegobas, anda mRelvarebas gamoxat-
avdes gadajvaredinebuli xelebisa da daxuruli orienta-
ciis mxriv. rogorc mogvianebiT ganvixilavT, araverbaluri
niSnebis Tavsebadobis xarisxi nafici msajulis WeSmariti
grZnobebis gamovlenis ZiriTadi faqtoria.
arsebobs erTi tipi potenciuri nafici msajulebisa,
romlebic yvelaze did mniSvnelobas saxis gamometyvele-
bebs aniWeben. `moRimar~ nafic msajuls, SerCevis sxdomis
dros, prokuroris/advokatis mier kiTxvebis dasmis proces-
Sic Rimili aqvs saxeze da STabeWdilebas qmnis, rom mxaris
mimarT dadebiTad aris ganwyobili. magram realurad es ase
ar aris. SerCevis Semdegac es nafici msajuli prokurors/
advokats sasamarTlo ganxilvaze RimiliT egebeba da agrZe-
lebs iseTi STabeWdilebis moxdenas, TiTqos kvlav dadebiTad
aris ganwyobili. mas Semdeg, rac nafici msajulebi klientis
sawinaaRmdego verdiqts gamoitanen, nafici msajuli kvlavac
gaagrZelebs Rimils (da mxolod mogvianebiT gairkveva, rom
klientis sawinaaRmdego pozicia hqonda).
potenciuri nafici msajulis xelovnuri Rimilis gamov-
lenis mTavari gasaRebi misi araverbaluri niSnebis urTierT-
Tavsebadobis SemowmebaSi mdgomareobs. axlavs Tu ara nafici
msajulis Rimils Tvalis gare kuTxeebSi naoWebi, an sxva
niSnebi, rogorc es gulwrfeli Rimilis dros unda iyos?
xom ar SeiniSneba TvalebSi sisvele, rogorc es dadebi-
Ti grZnobebis SemTxvevaSi unda iyos an, piriqiT, xom ar
aris gamoxedva civi? aris Tu ara Rimili asimetriuli (mag.,
tuCebis erTi mxare maRlaa mimarTuli, rodesac meore mx-
are umoZraod, dablaa daxrili)? aris Tu ara Rimili sxva
araverbalur niSnebTan, rogoricaa sxeulis orientacia da
poza, Tavsebadi? yovelTvis ufrTxildiT potenciur nafic
msajuls, romelic iRimeba, magram sxeuli sxva mxares aqvs
mimarTuli da mtkice pozas inarCunebs!
saxis umniSvnelo mimika
saxis gamometyvelebebis gansakuTrebuli klass `saxis
umniSvnelo mimikad~ moixsenieben. saxis umniSvnelo mimika
108
Zalian xanmokle da swrafia, imdenad, rom wamis measedeb-
iT izomeba. saxis umniSvnelo mimika asaxavs universalur
emociebs, maT Soris mowyenas, bednierebas, SiSs, gabrazebas,
zizRs, Tanxmobas da gakvirvebas. saxis umniSvnelo mimika
dominantur gamometyvelebebTan araTavsebadia da individu-
aluri piris mier am gamometyvelebebis daTrgunvas asax-
avs. magaliTad, Tuki Senelebul reJimSi vuyurebT Canawers,
romelSic asaxulia moRimari adamiani, romelic bednieri ar
aris, saxis umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba gamoavlinos mowy-
enili an gabrazebuli gamometyveleba, romelic dominanturi
moRimari gamometyvelebis miRma imaleba. saxis umniSvnelo
mimikis dadgena rTulia misi swrafi xasiaTis gamo, magram
iTvleba, rom swavlebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia adamianma gai-
umjobesos amgvari gamometyvelebebis amocnobis unari. sax-
is umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba qvecnobier donezec iqonios
gavlena da prokuroris/advokatis mxridan nafici msajulis
mimarT intuitiuri ganwyobis Camoyalibebis wyaro gaxdes,
maSin rodesac prokurors/advokats dadebiTi, an negatiuri
reaqcia aqvs nafic msajulze, magram ar SeuZlia am grZnobis
obieqturi safuZvelis axsna.
smeniTi niSnebi: ra gvesmis
niSnebis meore kategoria mosmenil informaciaze, anu sme-
niT niSnebze akeTebs aqcents. qvemoT CamoTvlilia 8 smeniTi
niSani, romlebic mRelvarebaze, anda tyuilze miuTiTebs:
 wyvetili saubari;
 Seyovnebuli saubari;
 aRmavali tonaloba;
 saubris moculoba;
 saubris siCqare;
 xmis toni;
 daZabuli sicili;
 saubrisas gamoyenebuli sityvebi (sityvebis SerCeva).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am niSnebis umetesoba mocemul
situaciaSi potenciuri nafici msajulis Cveulebrivi qcev-
isagan gansxvavebul qcevas asaxavs.
109
 wyvetili saubari
potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris Cveulebrivi maneri-
dan gadaxveva da saubris wyveta SeiZleba mRelvarebis mi-
maniSnebeli iyos. potenciuri nafici msajulis mRelvarebis
zrdasTan erTad ki izrdeba saubris wyvetis sixSire. Sewyve-
tas SeiZleba SeCerebis xasiaTi hqondes da Tan axldes iseTi
niSnebi, rogoricaa: `mmmmm~, `uuuf~, `isa~. magaliTad, `Tqveni
azriT, SeZlebT gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis gamotanas, Tuki
prokurori ver SeZlebs ikisros mtkicebis tvirTi?~ qvemoT
mocemul or pasuxSi sxvadasxva donis mRelvareba gamoix-
ateba:
_ `vfiqrob SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas~
(uwyveti pasuxi).
_ `vfiqrob, mmmmm... SevZleb, mmmmm..., braldebulis udana-
Saulod cnobas~(wyvetili pasuxi).
meore pasuxSi wyveta imis maCvenebelia, rom meore poten-
ciuri nafici msajuli pirvelTan SedarebiT ufro Relavs.
saubris wyveta SeiZleba aseve gamoixatebodes pasuxis dros
erTi da imave sityvebis gameorebiT, magaliTad `vfiqrob, rom
(mcire pauza), vfiqrob, SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod
cnobas~.
dabolos, potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris wyveta
an gavlena SeiZleba gamoixatos dausrulebeli sityvebis
gamoyenebiT da winadadebebis ardasrulebiT. winadadebebis
ardasruleba SeiZleba mRelvarebas gamoxatavdes. magaliTad,
rodesac nafici msajulis savaraudo pasuxi aseTia: `vfiqrob
SevZleb braldebulis samarTlianad gansjas~, es niSnavs, rom
igi ar Relavs. xolo aRelvebuli msajulis pasuxi SeiZleba
iyos Semdegi: `vfiqrob SevZleb...~ pauza da Semdeg gagrZleba
`braldebulis samarTlianad gansjas~. wyveta SeiZleba aseve
dafiqsirdes, rodesac msajuli daiwyebs winadadebas, Se-
Cerdeba da Semdeg axali winadadebis Tqmas daiwyebs, rogorc
pasuxSi iyo: `vfiqrob, samarTlianoba mniSvnelovania~. daus-
rulebeli winadadebis an axali winadadebis dawyebis gagebis
mTavari arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, Tu rogor daasrulebs na-
110
fici msajuli winadadebas. prokurori/advokati potenciuri
problemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb im SemTxvevaSi unda dafiqrdes,
Tuki msajuli Tavs aridebs garkveuli sityvebis gamoyenebas,
anda pasuxis dasrulebamde uceb gaCumdeba.
Seyovnebuli saubari
Seyovnebuli saubari aris pauzebi nafici msajulis pa-
suxebSi. saubarSi Seyovnebebi potenciuri msajulis mRel-
varebis matebis paralelurad xSirdeba. pauzas aseve iyene-
ben tyuilis Tqmis dros, tyuilis mosafiqreblad da sakon-
troleblad. pauza SeiZleba saubris dawyebamde iyos, mag-
aliTad, `(pauza)……jarimis dakisrebas ar moveridebodi~. rac
Seexeba saubris wyvetas, pauzebs, an SeCerebebs SeiZleba isini
pasuxis gacemi dros dafiqsirdes, magaliTad: `ar moveride-
bodi (pauza).... jarimis dakisrebas~. nebismier SemTxvevaSi,
mniSvnelovania mousminoT da yuradReba miaqcioT raze mianiS-
nebs saubris Seyovneba, raTa gamovavlinoT potenciuri nafici
msajulis Sexedulebebi.
zogierTi SekiTxva potenciri nafici msajulis mxri-
dan pasuxis gacemisas fiqrisaTvis minimalurze met dros
moiTxovs. pasuxis mofiqrebisas naficma msajulma SeiZleba
ara mxolod namdvili SegrZnebebi gamoavlinos, aramed if-
iqros imaze, Tu ra tipis pasuxi warmoaCenda mas ukeTesad.
magaliTad, nafic msajuls ekiTxebian, Tu rogori damokideb-
uleba aqvs braldebulTan, romelmac ar misca Cveneba. nafici
msajuli pauzis Semdeg pasuxobs: `rogorc vici, mas aqvs amis
ufleba~, rac SeiZleba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom is Tavs ika-
vebs imis xmamaRla aRiarebisagan, rom braldebulis amgvari
saqcieli SesaZloa mis braleulobaze metyvelebdes.
aRmavali tonaloba
potenciuri nafici msajulis xmis tonaloba SeiZleba
aseve miuTiTebdes mRelvarebaze. mRelvarebisas yelis kunTi
iZabeba da Sedegad, xmis tonaloba ufro maRalia. nafici
msajulis mier konkretul kiTxvebze sxvaze maRali tonalo-
biT gacemuli pasuxi mis am sakiTxebisadmi mRelvarebaze
111
miuTiTebs. am niSnis yvelaze naTeli magaliTia, rodesac na-
fici msajuli mRelvarebis gamomwvev kiTxvas mokled, maRali
tonalobiT `diax~ an `aras~ pasuxobs. aRmavali tonaloba
SesaZloa aseve pasuxSi daurwmuneblobas asaxavdes. am Sem-
TxvevaSi, marTalia, Tavad naTqvams moxsenebiTi xasiaTi aqvs,
magram saubris bolos aRmavali tonaloba migvaniSnebs, rom
nafici msajuli ar aris Tavdajerebili sakuTar naTqvamSi.
saubris moculoba
prokuroris/advokatis mimarT nafici msajulobis kandi-
datis dadebiTi damokidebuleba SeiZleba gamovlindes nafici
msajulis saubris moculobaSi. dadebiTad ganwyobili na-
fici msajuli mzad aris ufro meti esaubros prokurors/
advokats. igive SeiZleba iTqvas potenciur nafic msajulze,
romelic konkretuli prokuroris/advokatis keTilganwyobis
mopovebas cdilobs. magram, rodesac nafic msajuls ar mos-
wons mxare, mcirdeba misi survili, rom gulwrfeli pasuxebi
gasces kiTxvebze. amgvarad, saubris moculoba mniSvnelovan
informacias gvawvdis potenciuri nafici msajulebis mxaree-
bis mimarT damokidebulebaze.
mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gavamaxviloT,
Tu ramdenad mondomebulia potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom
sruli pasuxi gagceT dasmul kiTxvaze, anda dasmul kiTxvaze
pasuxTan erTad mogawodoT damatebiTi informacia. prokuro-
ri/advokati sifrTxiliT unda moekidos iseT potenciur naf-
ic msajuls, romelic mis kiTxvebs mokled pasuxobs, xolo
mowinaaRmdege mxaris kiTxvebze detalur pasuxebs iZleva.
faqtobrivad amgvari gansxvavebuli aqtiuroba SeiZleba iqa-
mdec mivides, rom potenciurma naficma msajulma keTilgan-
wyobili prokuroris/advokatis mier sxva potenciuri nafici
msajulebis gamokiTxvis procesi CaSalos ama Tu im sakiTxe-
bze sakuTari mosazrebebis gadaWarbebuli gaTqmiT.
zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, bevri saubari dadebiTi damokide-
bulebis gamoxatulebaa. magram Sinaarsis mixedviT gamonak-
lisad unda CaiTvalos SemTxvevebi, rodesac pasuxi Seusabamo
informacias an kiTxvaze pasuxisagan Tavis aridebas moicavs.
112
am SemTxvevaSi bevri saubari tyuilisa da mRelvarebis man-
iSnebelia. potenciurma naficma msajulma, romelic Relavs
an prokuroris/advokatis motyuebas cdilobs, SesaniRbad
SesaZloa ararelevanturi informaciia mogviTxros. am Sem-
TxvevaSi potenciuri nafici msajulis mizania Tqvas nebi-
smieri ram, raTa upasuxod ar datovos mxaris kiTxva da
amavdroulad, ar gamoavlinos realuri damokidebuleba. mag-
aliTad, rodesac potenciur nafic msajuls ekiTxebian, Tu
ramdenad SeZlebs braldebulis samarTlian gansjas, pirda-
piri pasuxi iqneba `b-n jonss samarTlianad ganvsji~, xolo
Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi ityvis: _ `albaT yvela dameTanx-
meba, rom samarTlianoba Zalian mniSvnelovania~. yuradReba
miaqcieT, rom meore pasuxs _ braldebulis mimarT sakuTari
damokidebulebis gacxadebas, potenciuri nafici msajuli Seg-
nebulad aridebs Tavs. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos ubralo
daudevrobiT, anda surviliT, rom ar gamoavlinos sakuTari
damokidebuleba. damatebiTi kiTxvebi saSualebas mogvcems Se-
sabamisad SevafasoT, Tu ra SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme _ Tavis
arideba Tu daudevroba. qvemoT moyvanilia yofili leitenan-
tis, kolonel oliver nortis saqmis ganxilvisaTvis nafic
msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis dros gamarTuli gamokiTxva:
prokurori: xom ar arsebobs mizezi, romlis gamoc gagi-
WirdebaT am saqmeSi nafic msajulad gamosvla?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara.
prokurori: zogjer adamianebs religiuri mosazrebebiT
uWirT nafis msajulad gamosvla. Tqveni religiuri rwmena
an mosazrebebi xels xom ar SegiSliT nafici msajulis mova-
leobis SesrulebaSi?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: iciT, me qristiani var,
magram simarTlis mjera, imitom, rom simarTle RmerTis
megobaria (yuradReba miaqcieT im faqts, rom nafici msaju-
lobis kandidati faqtobrivad ver pasuxobs dasmul SekiTx-
vas).
prokurori: kargiT, magram Tuki simarTle, Tqveni gagebiT,
da kanoni, rogorc mosamarTlisagan moismineT _ moiTxovs,
rom xma misceT gadawyvetilebas kolonel norTis damnaSaved
cnobis Sesaxeb, da gjeraT rom es asea, Tqven amas gaakeTebT?
113
 nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara, amas ver gavakeTeb, imi-
tom, rom iq ar viyavi da ar vici, man Caidina Tu ara es.
warmoidgineT, xma rom mivce am gadawyvetilebas, gamodis, rom
faqtobrivad me mas sicocxles varTmev, adamianis sicocxle
ki Zvirfasia da misi damnaSaveobis gadawyvetilebas xmas ver
mivcem.
prokurori: ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras gaigebT sasamarT-
lo darbazSi?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: diax.
prokurori: anu mainc ar daadanaSaulebdiT mas?
nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara.
prokurori: vafaseb Tqvens gulwrfelobas, didi madloba,
qalbatono.
nafici msajulobis kandidati: gmadlobT.
sasamarTlo: didi madloba, Tqven Tavisufali xarT (ac-
ilebuli xarT).
rogorc winamdebare TavSi ganvixilavT, Tuki ver SeZlebT
ararelevanturi pasuxis gamocnobas, SeiZleba miiRoT poten-
ciurad damangreveli Sedegebi.
geT potenciur nafic msajuls, romelic SerCevis procesSi
prokurors/advokats civi xmiT pasuxobs.
daZabuli sicili
sicili xandaxan daZabulobis gamovlinebad iTvleba. po-
tenciuri nafici msajuli daZabuloba SeiZleba gamoaSkara-
vdes misi sicilis xarisxisa da mocemul situaciaTan adekva-
turobis mixedviT. rogorc wesi, daZabuli sicili mocemul
situaciaSi misaRebze xmamaRalia. sicili SesaZloa arsebul
situaciaSi marTebuli iyos, magram daZabulobis gamo, norm-
alur sicilTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT xmamaRali iyos. amas-
Tan, naficma msajulma SeiZleba Seamoklos an uceb Sewyvitos
daZabuli sicili, rodesac gacineba realurad ar hqonda
ganzraxuli, anda mixvdeba, rom mocemul situaciaSi sicili
Seuferebelia (uadgiloa).
dabolos, daZabulobiT provocirebuli sicilis amocnoba
SesaZlebelia imaze dakvirvebiT, Tu ramdenad marTebulia si-
cili SerCevis sxdomaze. delikaturi Temebis ganxilvisas
sicili uadgiloa da SesaZloa potenciuri nafici msajulis
mRelvarebis Sedegi iyos.

saubris siCqare mRelvarebisa da motyuebis smeniTi niSnebi

mRelvarebis kidev erTi niSania is, Tu ramdenad swrafad
wyaro qcevaTa nimuSebi
pasuxobs potenciuri nafici msajuli dasmul SekiTxvas. wyvetili saubari arasrulyofili saubari, `mmm~
zogjer aRelvebuli nafici msajuli cdilobs dauyovnebliv Seyovnebuli `uf~ da sityvis gameoreba pasuxis
da swrafad upasuxos SekiTxvas. swrafad saubari mRelva- saubari dawyebamde da pauzebi pasuxis dros;
rebis xangrZlivobas amcirebs. tonaloba aRmavali tonaloba cota saubari;
saubris moculoba gamonaklisi: uadgulo saubari an
xmis toni saubris siCqare saubari Tavis aridebis mizniT,
potenciuri nafici msajulis xmis toni SeiZleba tyuil- xmis toni swrafi saubari, civi toni,
isa da uaryofiTi damokidebulebis mniSvnelovani miniSneba daZabuli sicili uadgilo sicili an Cveulebrivze
iyos. es niSani adre ganxilul vizualur niSnebTan SedarebiT sityvebis SerCeva xmamaRali sicili meti
tyuilis dadgenis ufro zusti saSualebaa. xmis civi toni
fsiqologiuri distancia (mag.,
Cveulebriv tyuilze, gulgrilobaze, an potenciur uaryofiT
`isini~, `afroamerikelebi~) da
damokidebulebaze _ arakeTilganwyobaze metyvelebs. amitom
uaryofis makavSireblebi
Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom ukiduresad frTxilad mivud-

114 115
 mocemuli magaliTi naTlad warmoaCens daZabuli Rimilis
xasiaTs (mniSvnelobas). erT patara samezobloSi gaufrTx-
ileblobiT Cadenili danaSaulis gamo eqimis winaaRmdeg aRZ-
ruli saqme ganixileboda. erTi potenciuri nafici msajuli
braldebuli eqimis pacienti iyo. SerCevis sxdomaze potenci-
urma naficma msajulma prokuroris kiTxvis sapasuxod daa-
dastura, rom SeeZlo yofiliyo miukerZoebeli. `diax, mi-
ukerZoebeli viqnebi, hahaha!~ _ upasuxa qalbatonma daZabuli
siciliT. mogvianebiT mas hkiTxes, xom ar iqneboda misTvis
rTuli gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis gamotana, Tuki es kanonisa
da mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze gaxdeboda saWiro. misi pa-
suxi iyo: `ara, hahaha~. misi sicili ar iyo sarkastuli, ma-
gram arsebul situaciaSi aSkarad uadgilo iyo. potenciuri
nafici msajuli SesaZloa msajulad gamosvlis gamo mRelva-
rebas sxva araverbaluri komunikaciis drosac avlenda. Tan-
daTan ki misi mRelvareba iseT daZabulobaSi gadaizarda, rom
misi sicili Zalzed xelovnuri gaxda.
sityvebis SerCeva
wina niSnebisagan gansxvavebiT, smeniTi niSnebis bolo el-
ementi potenciuri nafici msajulis pasuxebis Sinaars exeba.
sityvebi (terminebi), romlebsac potenciuri nafici msajule-
bi kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas iyeneben, SeiZleba Zalian in-
formaciuli iyos. SerCeuli sityvebi asaxavs im fsiqologiur
da logikur distancias, romelsac potenciuri nafici msa-
juli sakuTar Tavsa da mosaubres Soris awesebs. fsiqolo-
giuri distanciis arseboba msajulis uaryofiTi ganwyobis an
mRelvarebis gamoxatulebaa. magaliTad, nafici msajuli, ro-
melic braldebuls moixseniebs nacvalsaxelebiT (`is~, `man~
da a.S.), ufro met fsiqologiur da logikur distancias
awesebs sakuTar Tavsa da braldebuls Soris, vidre sxva
msajulebi, romlebic mas saxeliT moixsenieben.
fsiqologiuri distancia SeiZleba garkveuli jgufebis
mimarT garkveuli stereotipebis arsebobazec metyveleb-
des. potenciuri nafici msajuli, romelic sxva rasobrivi
an eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs moixseniebs rogorc
116
`isini~, anda `iseTi xalxi~, nacvlad Sesabamisi mimarTvisa
(mag., `Savkanianebi~, `afroamerikelebi~, `espanurenovani mo-
saxleoba~, `laTinoamerikelebi~), gamoxatavs mis stereo-
tipul midgomas, anda aRelvebul damokidebulebas. komuni-
kaciis pirdapiroba, anda arapirdapiroba aseve metyvelebs
arsebul fsiqologiur distanciaze. naficma msajulma, ro-
melic uaryofiTad aris ganwyobili, an ar aris gulaxdi-
li, SeiZleba magaliTad aseTi ram ganacxados: `mTlianobaSi
maT (igulisxmeba korporacia, romelic saqmeSi figurirebs)
mimarT cudad ar var ganwyobili (maTi sawinaaRmdego araferi
maqvs)~, Tumca realurad SeiZleba fiqrobdes, rom am korpo-
raciam usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis marTvas Tavi saTanadod ver
gaarTva.
sityvebis SerCevis paralelurad, damatebiT gasaTval-
iswinebelia potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris stili.
nafici msajuli, romelic iyenebs aramtkicebiT, an aradama-
jerebel saubris, stils naklebad sarwmunoa, vidre is, vinc
saubris Zlier (damajerebel) stils irCevs. aradamajerebeli
saubris stilisTvis damaxasiaTebelia pirdapiri saubrisa-
gan Tavis arideba (mag., `vfiqrob~, `darwmunebuli var~, and
`raRac msgavsi~), gamaZliereblebi (mag., `ase rom~, `Zalian~,
an `zedmetad~), yoymani (mag., `iciT raa~, `uf~, `ra vici~, an
pauzebi), zrdilobiani an zedmetad formaluri diqcia (mag.,
`batono~, `geTayva~, an `gmadlob~), da kiTxviTi toni (mag.,
saubris aRmavali toni, romelic asocirdeba kiTxvebis das-
masTan, TxrobiT konteqstebSic ki). saubris stili, Cvens mier
potenciuri nafici msajulis komunikaciis gaanalizebaSi ori
mimarTulebiTaa mniSvnelovani. pirveli, aradamajerebelisau-
bris stilis ramdenime maxasiaTebeli zemoT ukve ganxilul
niSnebs moicavs da migvaniSnebs imaze, rom aradamajerebe-
li saubris stili tyuilis an mRelvarebis gamoxatulebaa.
meore, nafic msajulTa SerCevis TvalsazrisiT, potenciuri
msajulebi, romlebic aradamajerebeli saubris stils iyene-
ben, gacilebiT naklebad sarwmunoni arian sakuTari azrebis
gadmocemisas, vidre isini, vinc saubris Zlier stils iyene-
ben. amgvarad, saubris stili faseul informacias gvaZlevs
117
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra gavlena eqnebaT nafic msajulebs
uSualod gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze.
SerCeuli terminologia kidev or mniSvnelovan sakiTxs
exeba. pirveli _ uaryofiTi kavSiri `magram~-is gamoyeneba
ori winadadebis dasakavSireblad, SesaZloa pirveli wina-
dadebis gaqarwylebas emsaxurebodes. magaliTad, potenciurma
naficma msajulma SeiZleba aseTi pasuxi gagceT: `samarTliani
viqnebi, magram gazeTSi wavikiTxe, rom braldebulma aRiara
mkvleloba~, es maRali albaTobiT niSnavs imas, rom, poten-
ciuri msajuli realurad ar aris darwmunebuli pirvel
winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrSi (`samarTliani viqnebi~) da
faqtobrivad, advokats eubneba amis Sesaxeb meore winadadebis
dros (`magram gazeTSi wavikiTxe, rom braldebulma aRiara
mkvleloba~).
meore _ Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT nafici
msajulis mier terminologiis SerCevis SefasebaSi. es aris
is kiTxvebi, romlebic potenciur nafic msajuls pasuxis
gacemisas farTo arCevnis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs,
magaliTad: `ras fiqrobT ganzrax mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi
sikvdilis dasjis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT?~ _ yuradReba
miaqcieT, rom dasmuli kiTxva nafic msajuls pirdapiri pa-
suxis gacemis saSualebas ar utovebs. kiTxvebs, romlebic
potenciur nafic msajuls SezRuduli pasuxis gacemisaken
ubiZgebs, mimaniSnebel kiTxvebsac eZaxian, magaliTad: `marTe-
bulad migaCniaT ganzrax mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi sikvdil-
iT dasjis gamoyeneba?~ Ria kiTxvis Rirebuleba imaSi mdgo-
mareobs, rom pasuxSi nafici msajuli informacias gawvdiT
sakuTari sityvebiT da gamoxatavs sakuTar mosazrebebs.
rogor SevafasoT potenciuri nafici msajulis
araverbaluri komunikacia
am momentamde cal-calke ganvixilavdiT sxvadasxva vizua-
lur da smeniT niSnebs. Tumca, potenciuri nafici msajulis
118
qcevis sworad Sesafaseblad yvela xelmisawvdomi informacia
unda gavaerTianoT. praqtikaSi am niSnebis gadarCeva damatebiT
dros ar moiTxovs, magram saWiroa yuradRebiT davakvirdeT
xelmisawvdom informacias.
araverbaluri niSnebis Sefasebis mTavari arsi maT Tanmim-
devrulobaSi mdgomareobas. saWiroa Tvali mivadevnoT ara-
verbaluri komunikaciis nimuSebs an maT erTobliobas (rom-
lebic niSnebis Tanmimdevrulobas gamoxatavs). iZleva Tu
ara am niSnebis erToblioba srul suraTs nafici msajulis
qcevaze (mag., malavs simarTles) an damokidebulebaze (mag.,
TanagrZnoba, ugulebelyofa, brazi)? niSnebis araTanmimdevru-
loba pirdapir mianiSnebs imaze, rom raRac ar aris wesrigSi.
am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamaxvildes
imaze, Tu ra ar aris wesrigSi. gamoyenebuli araverbaluri
informacia Tavad SeiZleba ar moicavdes am kiTxvaze pa-
suxs, magram samagierod arsebuli situaciis amoxsnis sawyisi
wertili iyos.
standartuli (sabaziso) kriteriumis gansazRvra
(tipuri qcevis gansazRvra)
potenciuri nafici msajulis verbaluri da araverbalu-
ri komunikaciis Sefasebisas mniSvnelovania msajulis Cveu-
lebrivi (tipuri) qcevis zogadi suraTis Seswavla. rogorc
am Tavis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, am procesis pirveli etapi
gulisxmobs nafici msajulis mRelvarebis an nerviulobis
standartuli kriteriumis gansazRvras Sedarebis gasakeTeb-
lad. mRelvareba `vakuumSi~ ar arsebobs. potenciuri nafici
msajulis mRelvareba an nerviuloba SeiZleba mxolod imiT
iyos gamowveuli, rom is sasamarTloSia da kiTxvebs usvamen.
nafici msajulis araverbaluri komunikaciis gansazRvra:
 standartuli kriteriumis an tipuri qcevis gansaz-
Rvra;
 nafici msajulis pasuxebSi arsebuli cvlilebebis an
gadaxrebis Sefaseba;
 misTvis damaxasiaTebeli da araTanmimdevruli qcevis
gansazRvra;
119
  ganmartebis mopoveba;
 is, Tu vis uyurebs nafici msajuli gaurkvevel situa-
ciaSi;
 nafic msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba.
tipuri qcevis dadgenis saukeTeso gza potenciuri nafici
msajulis araverbalur komunikaciaze dakvirvebaa im peri-
odSi, rodesac isini sakuTari biografiis Sesaxeb dasmul
kiTxvebs pasuxoben. aseTi kiTxvebi yvelaze naklebad iwvevs
mRelvarebas. amgvarad, SerCevis sxdoma unda daiwyos da Cveu-
lebriv iwyeba kidec martivi, aramgrZnobiare Sinaarsis kiTx-
vebiT. potenciuri nafici msajulis pasuxebis modeli avlens,
Tu ramdenad Relavs is SerCevis sxdomaSi monawileobis gamo
da rogoria zogadad misi araverbaluri komunikaciis stili.
nafici msajulis pasuxebSi cvlilebebis Sefaseba
potenciuri nafici msajulis tipuri mRelvarebisa da
saqmianobis gansazRvris Semdeg, keTdeba Sefaseba imisa, Tu
rogor Seicvala potenciuri nafici msajulis Semdgomi qce-
va. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces cvlilebas, ro-
melic gamowveulia imiT, TuU vin svamda SekiTxvebs da ra
Temas exeboda es kiTxvebi. magaliTad, potenciurma naficma
msajulma xom ar daiwyo ukan daxeva mas Semdeg, rac kiTx-
vebi mSromelTa usafrTxoebaze Secvala kiTxvebma jarimis
dakisrebis an/da daudevrobiT Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb?
aseve mniSvnelovani dakvirveba potenciuri nafici msajulis
araverbalur komunikaciaze, rodesac gamokiTxvas sxva proku-
rorebi/advokatebi atareben. xom ar gansxvavdeba potenci-
uri nafici msajulis pasuxebi imis mixedviT, Tu vin usvams
kiTxvas _ prokurori, advokati an mosamarTle? dabolos,
nafici msajulis araverbaluri qceva xom ar gansxvavdeba
sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevisagan? magaliTad,
potenciuri nafici msajuli nerviulad moZraobs savarZelSi,
rodesac diskusia exeba rasobriv urTierTobebs, maSin roca
sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebi yovelgvari nerviulobis
gareSe pasuxoben dasmul kiTxvebs.
120
tipuri qceva da araTanmimdevruloba
ramdenadac realur cxovrebaSi `pinoqios efeqti~ ar ar-
sebobs, saWiroa Tvali gadavavloT potenciuri nafici msa-
julis araverbaluri qcevis jgufs. qcevaTa msgavsi jgufebi
SeiZleba iyos an kargi an cudi im konteqstidan gamomdinare,
Tu sad xorcieldeba es qceva. aseve mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT,
rodis da rogor icvleba es qceva.
dazusteba
mniSvnelovani araverbaluri komunikaciis gamvlenisas,
magaliTad, rogoricaa qcevis niSnebis araTanmimdevruloba,
saWiroa davazustoT, Tu ras fiqrobs, an ra ganwyoba aqvs
potenciur nafic msajuls am dros. dasviT damazustebeli
kiTxvebi, rac potenciur nafic msajuls saubris saSualebas
miscems. magaliTad: `SegiZliaT miTxraT, ufro konkretulad,
rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?~
marTalia, mniSvnelovania, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ar CavayenoT, magram SesaZlebelia
aRniSnoT, Tu ratom gadawyviteT mocemuli sakiTxis da-
zusteba (`SevniSne, rom am sakiTxze saubars eridebodiT.
SegiZliaT cota ufro detalurad miamboT am sakiTxis Ses-
axeb?~). Tumca niSnebis Sesaxeb damazustebeli kiTxvebi didi
sifrTxiliT unda daisvas. potenciurma naficma msajulma
SeiZleba ver gaacnobieros ratom usvamT mocemul kiTxvebs,
ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTi reaqcia gamoiwvios masSi Tqven
mier garkveul qcevebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisas, gansa-
kuTrebiT, Tuki es qceva potenciuri nafici msajulisaTvis
ucnobia (rac zogjer xdeba xolme), anda negatiuri xasi-
aTis matarebelia. Tuki darwmunebili ar xarT, sakiTxi kidev
ufro detalurad SeiswavleT ise, rom ar miuTiToT Tanmdev
araverbalur komunikaciaze.
yuradReba miaqcieT Tu vis moiazrebs nafici msajuli mxardamWerad
potenciuri nafici msajulis qcevaSi cvlilebis garda,
saWiroa SevafasoT, Tu vis mimarTavs is `daxmarebisaTvis~
gaurkvevel situaciebSi. SerCevis sxdomisas sakmaod bevri
121
gaurkveveli situaciaa. amitom mniSvnelovania yuradReba mi-
vaqcioT, Tu vis mimarTavs `daxmarebisaTvis~ potenciuri na-
fici msajuli, rodesac iseT kiTxvas usvamen, romlis pasux-
Sic ar aris darwmunebuli. sayuradReboa, agrZelebs Tu ara
potenciuri nafici msajuli vizualuri kontaqtis SenarCu-
nebas prokurorTan/advokatTan, romelic damabnevel kiTxvas
svams, moelis Tu ara misgan met ganmartebas, anda daxmarebas?
xom ar uyurebs potenciuri nafici msajuli am SemTxvevaSi
mowinaaRmdege mxares? mosamarTles uyurebs Tu mosamarT-
lis TanaSemwes? gaurkvevel situaciebTan dakavSirebiT msa-
julis pasuxi migvaniSnebs, Tu vis SeiZleba mimarTos naficma
msajulma `daxmarebisaTvis~ pasuxis gacemisas, anda rodesac
msgavsi damabneveli kiTxvebi sasamarTlo darbazSi daismeba.
Tuki SesaZlebelia, unda aiciloT potenciuri msajuli, ro-
melic pasuxisaTvis an `daxmarebisaTvis~ mowinaaRmdege mxares
`mimarTavs~.
awarmoeT potenciur msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba
zemoT ZiriTadi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyos imaze, Tu
ra reaqcia hqondaT dasmul kiTxvebze potenciur nafic msa-
julebs, Tumca informaciis mopoveba sxva dros (sxva xe-
rxebiTac) SeiZleba. dakvirvebul prokurors/advokats Seu-
Zlia isargeblos am mdgomareobiT. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa
dakvirveba potenciuri nafici msajulis reaqciaze, rodesac
mxare kiTxvas svams sxva nafici msajulebis misamarTiT da
rodesac isini am kiTxvebs pasuxoben. xSirad potenciuri
nafici msajulebi Tanxmobis niSnad Tavs aqneven an iReben
skeptikuri, an kritikuli saxis gamometyvelebas, anda sxva
nafici msajulisaTvis dasmul kiTxvebze sakuTari azris da
damokidebulebebis gamoTqmiT, gamoscemen araverbalur indi-
katorebs.
daakvirdiT potenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevas, rode-
sac isini jer kidev nafici msajulobis kandidatis rolSi
gvevlinebian. potenciuri nafici msajulebi komfortulad
grZnoben Tavs am dros da ara maSin, rodesac ukve SerCeul
nafic msajulTa SemadgenlobaSi arian. Sedegad, nafici msa-
122
julebi cdiloben ar gamoavlinon sakuTari araverbaluri
reqciebi msajulTa SerCevis etapze. nafic msajulTa SerCe-
vis sxdomaze mosamarTle xSirad gansaxilveli saqmis mokle
aRwerilobas akeTebs. sasurvelma Tu arasasurvelma potenci-
urma naficma msajulebma sakuTari Tavi SeiZleba gamoavlinon
am aRwerilobis mosmenisas dadebiTi an negatiuri araverbal-
uri komunikaciis meSveobiT. magaliTad, mosamarTlis mier
saqmis mokle Sinaarsis gadmocemisas, potenciurma naficma
msajulma SeiZleba TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli, Sewuxebuli
an arakeTilganwyobili saxis gamometyveleba SeiZleba miiRos.
am dros potenciuri nafici msajuli Zalian dramatulad
moiqces.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT nafic msaju-
lebs, maSin rodesac sasamarTlo mxareebs kamaTisaTvis moi-
wvevs. am situaciaSi mniSvnelovania, Tu saiT aris mimarTuli
potenciuri nafici msajulis mzera da rogoria misi reaqcia.
Zalian bunebrivia, rodesac nafici msajulis mzera prezenta-
tori mxariskenaa mimarTuli. am dros vizualuri kontaqtis
ararseboba, anda mowinaaRmdege mxarisken mzeris mipyroba,
warmodgenili mxarisadmi uaryofiT damokidebulebas avlens.
garda amisa, xSirad potenciur msajuls saxeze TanagrZnobis,
SeSfoTebis gamomxatveli gamometyveleba aqvs. es reqciebi
erTiandeba da emateba informacias, romelic, saboloo jamSi,
mxaris mier am konkretuli msajulis sasurvelad an arasa-
survelad CaTvlas uwyobs xels.
dabolos, gamosadegi iqneba, Tuki potenciur nafic msa-
juls davakvirdebiT Sesvenebebis dros, derefanSi an sasa-
diloSi. rogorc sxeulis orientaciis niSnebze saubrisas
iTqva, potenciurma naficma msajulebma SeiZleba aseve erTma-
neTis mimarT damokidebulebis amsaxveli niSnebic gamoavli-
non. vis esaubrebian nafici msajulebi? visTan erTad sadi-
loben? saubris dros romeli msajuli an msajulebi avlenen
lideris Tvisebebs? amgvari dakvirvebebi SeiZleba faseuli
iyos imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogor imoqmedebs konkretuli
nafici msajuli jgufSi da rogoria sxvadasxva nafici msa-
julis liderobis potenciali.
123
 daskvna nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros
yuradReba gaamaxvileT SerCevis sxdomis oTx mTavar mizan- gasaTvaliswinebeli zogierTi sakiTxi29
ze: 1. informaciis Segroveba; 2. keTilganwyobis mopoveba; 3.
nafic msajulTa informaciis miwodeba samarTlebriv sakiTxe-
sasamarTlo procesis am etapisTvis prokurors/advokats
bze da 4. darwmuneba. isargebleT am miznebis miRwevis teqni-
dagegmili unda hqondes, Tu rogor waradgens saqmes, man unda
kuri da strategiuli xerxebiT.
icodes, Tu ra aris misi saqmis Tema/Teoria. metic, is faq-
tobrivad mzad unda iyos daskvniTi sityvis warmosadgenad.
prokurors/advokats mxolod maSin SeuZlia daiwyos naf-
ic msajulTa kandidatebis gamokiTxvis dagegmva, roca mas
ukve Sedgenili aqvs mTliani procesis gegma da SemuSavebuli
aqvs strategia.

1. nafic msajulTa SerCeva morgebuli unda iyos mxaris

poziciaze.
2. nafic msajulebad iseTi kandidatebi airCeva, romelTa
mier mxaris poziciis gaziarebis albaToba maRalia.

dagegmeT msajulobis kandidatebis SerCevis procesi

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela saqmeze erTi da imave
xasiaTis gamokiTxvis Catareba ar iqneba efeqturi.
yovel konkretul saqmeze nafic msajulTa SerCevis pro-
cesi morgebuli unda iyos mxaris Teoriaze.

nafic msajulTa SerCevis Catarebis wesi

nafic msajulTa SerCevis mizania msajulTa ndobis mop-
oveba da Tqvensa, Tqvens klientsa da potenciur msajuls
Soris urTierTobis damyareba. aseve mniSvnelovania:
1. mxaris mimarT arsebuli eWvis etapobrivad gafantva;
2. Tavis warmoCena, rogorc lideris, romelsac nafici
msajulebi SeiZleba endon;
aucilebelia dadebiTi pirovnebis da kompetenturi iuris-
29 `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
madlobas uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis
nebarTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas. redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia
`amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI)
saqarTvelos ofisis mier qarTul enaze.
124 125
tis (prokuroris/advokatis)Tvisebebis gamovlena, rogoricaa:
1. gulwrfeloba;
2. samarTlianoba;
3. daxmarebis gawevisTvis mzaoba;
4. yuradRebianoba;
5. humanuroba;
6. orientireba adamianebze da ara teqnikur sakiTxebze;
7. kompetenturoba;
8. saqmis codna;
9. simSvidisa da zomierebis SenarCuneba, raTa msajulebs
ar gauCndeT agresia da TqvenTan brZolis survili; um-
jobesia, meti emocia gamoavlinoT jvaredini da daskvn-
iTi sityvebis dros.
braldebulis personificireba
(Tu dacvis mxares warmoadgenT, SeecadeT naficma msajulma
braldebulSi dainaxos pirovneba)
dadebiTad ganewyveT Tqveni dacvis qveS myofis mimarT da
daanaxeT es ganwyoba nafic msajulebs:
1. esaubreT mas;
2. usmineT;
3. SeexeT mas;
4. SesTavazeT wyali;
5. uzrunvelyaviT, rom naficma msajulebma braldebuli
ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi naxon.
xSirad mimarTeT mas saxeliT. periodulad mimarTeT mas,
rogorc `b-n giorgis~. es miuTiTebs pativiscemaze bralde-
bulis mimarT.
gauziareT nafic msajulebs rame piradi informacia
braldebulis Sesaxeb, magaliTad is, rom `giorgi skolaSi
TbilisSi, kekeliZis quCaze dadioda~.
ramdeni kiTxva davsvaT?
 ar dasvaT arc erTi kiTxva konkretuli miznis gareSe.
ar SegeSindeT imis, rom Zalian mokle droSi CaataroT
126
gamokiTxva, radgan msajulebi advilad kargaven interess da
yuradRebas. zogierTs hgonia (amerikuli samuSao eTikis an
sxva mizezis gamo), rom rac mets isaubrebs, miT metad imsa-
xurebs gamarjvebas _ es araswori midgomaa. Tqven msajulebis
ndobas moipovebT, Tu isini dainaxaven, rom roca fexze dge-
biT ramis saTqmelad, raRac mniSvnelovans ambobT da Tqvens
adgils ubrundebiT.
 dasviT yvela mniSvnelovani da saWiro kiTxva;
 gamoiyeneT kiTxvebi, romlebic mimarTulia msajulobis
kandidatTa mTeli SemadgenlobisaTvis;
 dausruleblad nu gaimeorebT erTsa da imaves. nacvlad
amisa, xazi gausviT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs.
fsiqologiuri dakvirvebis meTodis gamoyenebiT, Tqven
SeZlebT nafic msajulTa SerCevis teqnikis gaumjobesebas.
uambeT msajulebs Tqveni saqmisa da Zireuli principebis Sesaxeb
Tu dacvis mxares warmoadgenT:
a. axseniT ZiriTadi principebi da warmoaCineT isini ara
rogorc teqnikuri detalebi, aramed principebi, romlebic
uzrunvelyofs usamarTlo msjavrdebis dauSveblobas.
b. ganmarteT, rom sistema, romelic icavs udanaSaulo
pirs ukanono msjavrdebisagan, moicavs iseT Zireul princi-
pebs, rogoricaa: _ mtkicebis tvirTis braldebis mxarisaTvis
dakisreba, gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti, udanaSaulobis
prezumfcia da msajulTa mier verdiqtis xmaTa umravlesobiT
miReba. am principebis `gacocxlebis~ ZiriTadi problema aris
is, rom Cven maT mxolod vaxmovanebT.
g. ganumarteT nafic msajulebs kanoni, romelsac Tqven
eyrdnobiT da auxseniT, rom igi saR azrs emyareba.
imuSaveT problemur sakiTxebze
yovel saqmes axlavs Tan garkveuli sirTuleebi, ramac
SesaZloa xeli SeuSalos samarTlianobis principis uzrunve-
lyofas, magaliTad, iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa:
127
 1. rasobrivi da eTnikuri stereotipebi.
2. dacvis uflebis ganxorcilebis xelis SeSla (bralde-
bulis uflebebis darRveva an aseTi darRveviT mopove-
buli mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebobis porblematika). (?)
3. dacvis strategia _ braldebuli Seuracxadia da am
sakiTxisadmi arsebuli uaryofiTi damokidebuleba.
4. braldebulis mier Cvenebis miucemloba.
5. sxva sakiTxebi, rasac Tqveni saqmis analizis dros
gamoavlenT.
zogjer umjobesia ar axsenoT problema, Tu TvliT, rom
SeZlebT sxva sakiTxebze gadaitanoT yuradReba ise, rom es
problema saerTod ar amotivtivdes nafic msajulTa TaT-
biris dros.
TuUmosalodnelia, rom nafici msajulebi TaTbiris dros
ganixilaven problemur sakiTxs, umjobesia, Tqven TviTon wa-
moswioT igi da winaswar imuSaoT mis dasaZlevad.
albaT yvelaze sasargeblo gadawyvetaa uTxraT msaju-
lebs, rom arsebobs garkveuli problema, auxsnaT raSi mdgo-
mareobs igi da aswavloT misi gadawyvetis gza. SemoqmedebiTi
midgomiTa da swori dagegmviT SesaZlebelia msajulTa gan-
wyoba TqvenTvis sasikeTod SemoabrunoT.
nafic msajulTa SerCevisTvis saWiro informaciis moZieba
adamianebi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamen movlenebs. am aRqmazea
damokidebuli yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis
miReba. Sesabamisad, yvelaze mniSvnelovania TiToeuli poten-
ciuri msajulis ganwyobis winaswar ganWvreta. TiToeuli po-
tenciuri msajulis ganwyobis winaswar gansaWvretad saWiroa
sakiTxs delikaturad da SemoqmedebiTad mivudgeT. amasTan
erTad, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi sakiTxebi:
1. SeiZleba pirdapir vkiTxoT msajulobis kandidats
CvenTvis raime problematuri da saintereso sakiTxis
Sesaxeb, magram amas SesaZloa ar mohyves pirdapiri da
gulwrfeli pasuxi.
2. SesaZlebelia zogadi xasiaTi kiTxvebis dasma, rogori-
caa misi prioritetebi pirad da samsaxurebriv cxovre-
128
baSi, is Tu saidan Rebulobs informacias, misi hobi,
organizaciebi, romelSic gawevrianebulia, da a.S. da
miRebuli informaciis mixedviT ganvsazRvroT misi xe-
dva CvenTvis saintereso ZiriTad sakiTxze.
3. daakvirdiT araverbalur signalebs, xmis tembrs, uad-
gilo pauzas, romelic yoymanze miuTiTebs, braldebu-
lisTvis Tvalis aridebas, mxardaWerisTvis mosamarT-
lis an porkuroris yurebas (an piriqiT, prokurori-
saTvis Tvalis aridebas da dacvis mxaris mimarT sim-
paTiis gamoxatvas), sityvebis SerCevas, da a.S. Jestebs
xSirad sityvebze metis Tqma SeuZliaT.
msajulobis kandidatebis gamokiTxva _ sasargeblo rCevebi
1. nu CargavT Tavs nawerebSi da nu mihyvebiT zedmiwevniT
furcelze Camoweril kiTxvebs. SesaZlebelia iqonioT
sakiTxebis CamonaTvali furcelze, magram aucilebe-
lia msajulobis kandidatebs esaubroT. Tu Tqven erT
Temaze saubrobT da msajuli gadava sxva sakiTxze,
romelic me-10 Temad gaqvT moniSnuli, gadadiT masze.
mTavaria, sanam daasrulebT, yvela saWiro sakiTxze
isaubroT. Tumca, yovelTvis pozitiurad daamTavreT.
2. daakvirdiT araverbalur komunikacias. SesaZloa ar
gqondeT gavlili specialuri kursi araverbalur ko-
munikaciaSi, magram Cven yvela eqspertebi varT am sfer-
oSi. araverbalur signalebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze
vakvirdebiT da vSifravT. endeT sakuTar grZnobebs.
kiTxvebis saxeebi
1. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebi
es aris kiTxva, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs pasuxs da
pirisgan mxolod daTanxmebas an uaryofas moiTxovs. aseTi
saxis kiTxvebi TiTqmis ar tovebs sxva arCevans, garda pa-
suxisa `diax~ an `ara~. amgvari kiTxvebi sasargebloa samar-
129
Tlebriv principebze SeTanxmebis misaRwevad, magram xels ar
uwyobs msajulis mier sakuTari azris gamoxatvas.
2. Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi
es aris kiTxva, romelic msajuls SesaZleblobas aZlevs
gamoTqvas azri garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad,
`ras fiqrobT im adamianze, visac mkvlelobaSi edeba brali~?
prokurorma /advokatma unda gamoimuSaos unari dasvas
Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi, Tu mas marTla surs gaicnos po-
tenciuri nafici msajulebi.
msajulobis kandidatis dasabuTebuli acileba
safuZvlis gareSe msajulis daTxovnis ufleba Zalian
Zvirfasi uflebaa.
garkveul dros msajulobis kandidati ityvis raRac is-
eTs, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis mis dasabuTebul acilebas. amis
Semdeg mosamarTle da prokurori/advokati xSirad ekiTxebian
aseT msajuls, `magram Tqven SeZlebT iyoT samarTliani da
miukerZoebeli, ase ar aris?~ razec msajuli dadebiTad pa-
suxobs.
am problemis Tavidan asacileblad, saWiroa imuSaoT ima-
ze, rom gaamyaroT (gamokveToT) msajulis pozicia da naTlad
aTqmevinoT mas sakuTari azri. daTanxmebis miReba SesaZlebe-
lia Semdegi gancxadebebis meSveobiT:
1. es ar aris zustad is, rac axlaxans gaifiqreT, xom
asea? es sakiTxi Tqven namdvilad gaRelvebT, ase ar
aris?
2. darwmunebuli var, rom veravin SeZlebs am sakiTxze
azri SegacvlevinoT. es imisTvis keTdeba, rom msa-
julma veRar SeZlos poziciis Serbileba mosamar-
Tlisa da prokuroris/advokatis mier dakiTxvis dros.
am proceduris dacva uzrunvelyofs msajulis pozi-
ciis gamyarebas. msajulis dasabuTebuli acilebisTvis
gamoiyeneT jvaredini dakiTxvis teqnika.
130
ramdenime sasargeblo taqtikuri rCeva
1. braldebis mxares CamoacileT `mmarTveli Zalis~ aura:
_ `gamoiWireT~ prokurori kanonis arasworad gad-
mocemaSi da daayeneT protesti, romelsac dagikmayo-
filebT mosamarTle;
2. advokati marTlmsajulebis sistemis monawilea, iseve,
rogorc prokurori;
3. am saqmeze aravis daudgenia piris braleuloba an
arabralebuleba;
4. am sakiTxis gadawyveta mxolod msajulTa prerogativaa;
5. SearCieT konkretuli msajulebi konkretuli sakiTxebi-
sTvis;
6. gaamJRavneT saqmis araxelsayreli elementebi, raTa So-
kis efeqti aiciloT Tavidan. sisxlian suraTs aRar
eqneba imdenad damangreveli efeqti, Tu msajulebi
momzadebuli iqnebian amisTvis;
7. daajereT msajulebi, rom wardgenili braldeba umZi-
mesia;
8. SeZlebisdagvarad daamZimeT msajulebis pasuxismgeblo-
ba;
9. daupirispireT msajulobis erTi kandidati meores.
gansaxilveli sferoebis sakontrolo CamonaTvali
1. urTierToba an nacnoboba samarTaldamcavebTan;
2. warsulSi iyo danaSaulis msxverpli; msxverplis axlo
megobari an naTesavi;
3. msajulisa da misi meuRlis saqmianoba;
4. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi wevroba;
5. urTierToba/nacnoboba saqmeSi monawile pirebTan;
6. saqmis codna;
7. sajarooba;
8. saqmis viTarebis (SemTxvevis adgilis) codna;
9. konkretuli danaSaulis saxe da misi specifika;
10. msajulis codna/gamocdileba, romelic braldebis/dac-
vis poziciisTvis sazianoa;
11. mowmis sandooba;
131
 12. policielis Cvenebis Sefaseba;
13. mtkicebulebebze da ara varaudebze dafuZnebuli ver-
diqti;
14. informacia ar aris mtkicebuleba;
15. rasobrivi/eTnikuri stereotipebi;
16. sakiTxi adre ar yofila gadawyvetili;
17. mZime pasuxismgebloba;
18. kanoni, romelic gamoiyeneba am saqmeze;
19. mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares;
20. gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis dakmayofilebis
saWiroeba;
21. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia;
22. erTxmad miRebuli verdiqtis moTxovna/mniSvneloba;
23. msajulTa SerCevasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sxva
sakiTxi.
msajulTa SerCevis Svidi oqros wesi
1. prioriteti mianiWeT potenciur liderebs. liderebi
gansazRvraven verdiqts;
2. miudeqiT gamoricxvis meTodiT da aicileT is, vinc
yvelaze naklebad sasurvelia TqvenTvis;
3. iyaviT Zalian frTxili bolo an TiTqmis bolo
dausabuTebeli acilebis gamoyenebisas;
4. ifiqreT imaze, Tu rogor dajgufdebian msajulebi
da yuradRebiT SeafaseT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba
movlenebi;
5. Tu Tqveni mizania msajulebi ver SeTanxmdnen verdiqtze
(rasac amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mosdevs xelaxali
procesi), daakvirdiT da gamoarCieT, vin daupirispirdeba
erTmaneTs;
6. hkiTxeT braldebuls, Tu ras fiqrobs msajulze,
vinaidan ganwyoba SesaZloa ormxrivi iyos;
7. ZiriTadi wesi moiTxovs, rom sakuTari grZnobebis
safuZvelze gadawyvitoT, Tu rogor iqneba ganwyobili
romelime konkretuli msajuli Tqveni poziciis mimarT.
132
nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)30
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa
ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul
masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, rom maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
nafici msajulebis kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis mizania
sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobisaTvis maTi mzaobis
dadgena. mzaoba gulisxmobs, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli
ara mxolod kanoniT dadgenil moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes,
aramed emorCilebodes mosamarTlis miTiTebebs. amasTan,
procesis monawile nafici msajulebi minimalur standartebs
mainc unda akmayofilebdnen. Cveulebriv mosamarTle SerCevis
sxdomas swored imisTvis atarebs, rom uzrunvelyos nafici
msajulebis mier am standartebis dakmayofileba. zogierTi
sasamarTlo, konkretulad ki a.S.S. -s federaluri sasamarTlo
msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis dros mxareebs kiTxvebis dasmis
uflebas saerTod ar aZlevs, anda mxolod SezRuduli
30 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da
Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro
ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema
da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba
ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba
daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi an mTliani
Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis
ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org.
133
raodenobis kiTxvebis dasmis nebas rTavs31.
im sasamarTloebSi, sadac daSvebulia msajulTa SerCevis
sxdomisas mxaris nafic msajulebTan gasaubreba, sxdoma ara
mxolod nafici msajulebis mier kanonis moTxovnaTa dacvas
amowmebs, aramed or damatebiT mizansac emsaxureba. pirveli
damatebiTi mizani nafici msajulebisaTvis saqmis gacnoba
da am saqmis kanonismieri regulirebis Sesaxeb informaciis
miwodebaa. xolo meore mizani mxaris mier nafici msajulebis
keTilganwyobis mopovebaa; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mxare nafici
msajulebis ndobis mopovebas cdilobs. amavdroulad mxares
saSualeba eZleva daakvirdes ramdenad keTilganwyobili, anda
arakeTilganwyobilia potenciuri nafici msajuli konkretuli
prokuroris/advokatis mimarT. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
gasaubrebis procesSi ara mxolod advokati/prokurori
akvirdeba potenciur nafic msajulebs da iqmnis STabeWdilebas
maT Sesaxeb, aramed Tavad potenciuri msajulebic akvirdebian
advokats/prokurors da iqmnian garkveul warmodgenas maTze.
prokurors/advokats aseve SesaZlebloba aqvs daaskvnas
potenciuri nafici msajuli romeli poziciisaken ufro metad
ixreba an ra konkretuli Sexedulebaa misTvis misaRebi. Tuki
mosamarTle msajuls obieqturi mikerZoebulobis Sesaxeb
dausvavms kiTxvas, advokatma/prokurorma unda gamoikvlios
xom ar arsebobs subieqturi mikerZoebis safuZveli. im
SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac msajulTa SesarCev sxdomas
mTlianad mosamarTle atarebs, advokatis umTavresi funqciaa
daakvirdes da CainiSnos potenciuri msajulis reaqciebi
31 federaluri sasamarTlos centris mier 1994 wels Catarebuli
kvleva. kvlevaSi 150 praqtikosma federalurma raionulma mosamarTlem
miiRo monawileoba da Sedegad dadginda, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan
mimarTebaSi, mosamarTleebis 75% dacvis mxares nafic msajulTa SerCevis
procesSi monawileobis uflebas saerTod ar aZlevs, anda didi SezRudviT
aZlevs. advokatis mier SerCevaSi aqtiurad monawileobis uflebas mxolod
mosamarTleTa 9% iZleva. ix. Fed. R. Crim. Pro. 24(a), sadac gacxadebulia,
rom sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs SearCios msajulebi, anda misces amis ufleba
mxareebs. Tuki SerCevas sasamarTlo atarebs, man mxareebs mainc unda misces
ufleba dasvan marTebuli damatebiTi kiTxvebi, anda es kiTxvebi sasamarTlos
gadascen, raTa Tavad dasvas es SekiTxvebi.
134
dasmul kiTxvaze da ara sinamdvileSi ara mxolod kiTxvaze
gacemuli pasuxi.
advokats/prokurors SeuZlia aseve daakvirdes potenciuri
msajulebis damokidebulebas sasjelis SefardebasTan, Tuki
nafic msajulebs sasjelis Sefardebis gadawyvetilebis
miRebac evalebaT. mkvlelobis saqmeebze, sadac sasjelis
Sefardebis gadawyvetileba nafic msajulebs gamoaqvT (a.S.S-s
praqtika), dacvis mxare SesaZloa dadges dilemis winaSe, Tu
ra moculobiT saubari iqneba sakmarisi potenciur sasjelTan
dakavSirebiT msajulTa SerCevis dros, ramdenadac, rac ufro
met aqcents gaakeTebs advokati potenciur sasjelze, miT ufro
metad Seiqmneba STabeWdileba, rom dacvis mxare faqtobrivad
moelis sasjelis Sefardebas. Tuki braldebuls uwinac aqvs
Cadenili danaSauli, gansakuTrebiT ki mkvleloba, faqtobrivad
advokati valdebulia SerCevis sxdomisas ganacxados amis
Sesaxeb da gadaamowmos nafici msajulebis damokidebuleba.
Tuki braldebuls uwin Cadenili hqonda mkvleloba, maSin
ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom nafici msajulebi `avtomaturad~
sikvdiliT dasjas (a.S.S.-s praqtika) dauWeren mxars, Tuki
braldebuls kvlavac mkvlelobaSi damnaSaved cnoben? es
aris ZiriTadi dilema, romlis winaSec dgas dacvis mxare
mkvlelobis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi nafic msajuleTa SerCevis
sxdomisaTvis mzadebis procesSi.
im advokatebisaTvis, visac SerCevis sxdomis Catarebis
SesaZlebloba aqvT, bevri naSromi arsebobs, romelic nafici
msajulebis SerCevis sxdomis CatarebasTan dakavSirebul
mniSvnelovan rCevebs gvTavazobs32.
32 ix.: Roy Moses, Jury Selection in Criminal Cases, CTR. FOR CRIM. JUST. ADVOC.
(1998), e e se. o es e . o. y e e o .
135
 samodelo kiTxvebi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas33
winamdebare masala exeba gansazRvrul sakiTxebs, romlebic
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas aris
saintereso. SekiTxvebis umravlesoba isea formulirebuli,
rom konkretul pasuxs moiTxovs (diax an ara). aRniSvnebi
`d~ _ (dacva) da `b~ _ (braldeba) gulisxmobs SekiTxvebs,
romlebsac, savaraudod, `dacva~ an Sesabamisad `braldeba~
dasvams.
aRsaniSnavia, rom winamdebare dokumentSi rigi kiTxvebisa
miesadageba mxolod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul dRevandel sinamdviles da
naklebad _ qarTuls, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa
azriT, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo
praqtikis Sedegad, es kiTxvebi aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebis
da dacvis mxarisTvisac.
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom radgan saxelmwifom pirs brali
wauyena danaSaulis CadenaSi, igi, savaraudod, damnaSavea?
[d] is faqti, rom braldebuls danaSaulis CadenaSi
sdeben brals, xom ar tovebs Tqvenze STabeWdilebas, rom igi
savaraudod damnaSavea?
33 nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis kiTxvebi _ Sesworda
da qarTul enaze iTargmna `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. kiTxvebi amoRebulia
amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan
`SerCevis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias
(aSS. 2011). Targmanis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias
(aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare
gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa
asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi
Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA;
el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org
136
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tu vinmes bralad danaSaulis
Cadena edeba, maSin mas, savaraudod, raime kanondarRveva aqvs
Cadenili?
[d] axla rom xmis micema (verdiqtis gamotana) mogiwioT,
rogori iqneboda Tqveni arCevani? (acnobierebT Tu ara, rom
braldebuli udanaSauloa?).
[d] ra igrZeniT, rodesac gaigeT, rom [braldebulis
saxeli] am danaSaulis CadenisTvis daapatimres?
[d] gqondaT Tu ara iseTi SegrZneba, rom saxelmwifom
swori pirovneba daapatimra?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom zogjer udanaSaulo adamianebs
damnaSaveebad cnoben im danaSaulisTvis, romlebic maT ar
CaudeniaT?
mtkicebis tvirTi
[d] marTlmsajulebis Cvens sistemaSi braldebas
ekisreba danaSaulis TiToeuli elementis gonivrul eWvs
miRma damtkicebis tvirTi. anu, braldebis movaleobaa, rom
Tqven gonivrul eWvs miRma dagimtkicoT, rom braldebulma
misTvis wayenebuli danaSauli Caidina. raime problema xom ar
SegeqmnebodaT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom braldebam es tvirTi
unda gaswios?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi
braldebulebma maTi udanaSauloba unda amtkicon?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebulma Cveneba unda
misces an mtkicebulebebi warmoadginos imisaTvis, rom igi
udanaSaulod cnoT?
[d] rogori iqneba Tqveni damokidebuleba, Tu dacvis mxare
araviTar mtkicebulebas ar warmoadgens?
137
 [d] Tu dacvis mxare araviTar mtkicebulebas ar waradgens,
amas braldebulis sawinaaRmdegod xom ar aRiqvamT? anu, xom
ar ifiqrebT, rom braldebuli damnaSavea?
[d] moeliT Tu ara, rom dacvis mxarem braldebis poziciis
mcdaroba unda daamtkicos?
iribi mtkicebulebebi
[b] sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas, konkretuli
faqtis dadasturebis ori gza arsebobs. pirveli aris pirdapiri
mtkicebuleba, mtkicebuleba, romelic TavisTavad adasturebs
faqts, magaliTad, TviTmxilveli mowmis gancxadebebi an
nivTze vinmes TiTis anabeWdebi. xolo, konkretuli faqtis
dadasturebis meore gza iribi mtkicebulebaa. iribi
mtkicebulebebi moicavs faqtebs, romelTa safuZvelze Tqven
askvniT, rom sxva faqts hqonda adgili. sailustraciod, Tu
diliT gaiRviZebT da miwaze Tovli iqneba, romelic wina dRes
ar iyo, Tqven daaskvniT, rom Rame Tovda. axla, am saqmeSi ar
iqneba arc erTi pirdapiri mtkicebuleba, rom braldebulma
dazaralebuli mokla; saqme irib mtkicebulebebzea agebuli. Tu
SeiZleba miTxariT, rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba mxolod
iribi mtkicebulebebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis
safuZvelzec unda gadawydes, mokla Tu ara braldebulma
dazaralebuli?
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom iribi mtkicebulebebi
garkveulwilad dabali xarisxis an susti mtkicebulebebia?
[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mxolod irib mtkicebulebebze
agebuli saqme yovelTvis dagitovebT gonivrul eWvs
braldebulis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT?
[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mxolod irib mtkicebulebebze
agebuli saqme yovelTvis dagitovebT raime eWvs braldebulis
braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT?
138
[b] Tu Cven warmovadgenT irib mtkicebulebebs, romelTa
safuZvelze Tqven gonivrul eWvs miRma daaskvniT, rom
braldebuli damnaSavea, SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs raimes gamo,
iribi mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis
gamotanisgan?
[b] SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs braldebulis mZime danaSaulis
(rogoricaa mkvleloba) CadenaSi damnaSaved cnobisgan iseTi
mtkicebulebebis gareSe, rogoricaa `dnm~, TiTis anabeWdebi
an TviTmxilveli mowme?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mxolod iribi mtkicebulebebis
safuZvelze braldebuli ar unda iyos damnaSaved cnobili?
[d] mocemul saqmeSi braldeba, savaraudod, waradgens
irib mtkicebulebebs da Seecdeba dagarwmunoT, rom, saerTo
jamSi, es mtkicebulebebi braldebulis brals gonivrul eWvs
miRma adasturebs. axla, modiT, erTi wuTiT ganvixiloT iribi
mtkicebulebebi, radgan zogjer maT ufro Zlieri efeqti aqvT,
vidre es sinamdvileSia. davuSvaT, Tqven Senobis ukan SeuxvieT
da miwaze daSavebuli pirovneba dainaxeT. dazaralebulis
gverdiT dgas mamakaci, romelsac xelSi joxi uWiravs da
romelic misken aris gadaxrili. uamravi adamianis pirveli
STabeWdileba iqneboda Semdegi: „dazaralebulis gverdiT
Tavdamsxmeli dgas.“ Tumca, SegiZliaT Tu ara mouZebnoT sxva
axsna mamakacs, romelic joxiT xelSi dainaxes (magaliTad,
mamakaci swored axla movida danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas da
miwidan joxi aiRo)?
[d] saerTo jamSi, rogoria Tqveni STabeWdileba irib
mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT?
[d] prokuroris mier aRweril Tovlis scenarSi, Tqveni
pirveladi daskvna, rom Rame Tovda, xom ar Seicvleboda im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu dainaxavdiT xelovnuri Tovlis mosafrqvev
manqanas quCaSi?
139
 [d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom iribi mtkicebulebebi didi
sifrTxiliT unda iyos ganxiluli, radgan maT SesaZloa
mcdari STabeWdilebebi gamoiwvion?
mtkicebis standarti
[b] rogorc am saqmeze momuSave prokurors, me mevaleba
davamtkico gonivrul eWvs miRma, rom braldebulma Caidina
danaSauli, risTvisac mas brali aqvs wayenebuli. mraval
Tqvengans dRemde gaugonia fraza „gonivrul eWvs miRma“ _
SesaZloa televiziidan an sasamarTlo procesebis Sesaxeb
wakiTxuli literaturidan. es aris sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze, sasamarTloebSi gamoyenebuli mtkicebis standarti.
rogorc TviTon fraza mianiSnebs, es aris gonivruli
standarti. Cveni saRi azridan gamomdinare, sruliad
gonivrulia, rom Cven gaviqarwyloT nebismieri seriozuli
Tu gonivruli eWvi, romelic SeiZleba gvqondes braldebulis
bralTan dakavSirebiT. da Cven asec moviqceviT. Tumca, msurs
SegaxsenoT, rom standarti ar aris „aragonivrul eWvs
miRma“. rogorc mogvianebiT mosamarTle agixsniT, Cven ar
unda gavaqarwyloT yvela SesaZlo _ da umniSvnelo eWvi _
aramed mxolod nebismieri safuZvliani an seriozuli eWvi.
raimes gamo Tavs xom ar SeikavebdiT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
gamotanisgan, Tu Cven am standarts davicavT?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac
CaTvliT, rom braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRmaa
damtkicebuli, Tqven raime mizezis gamo ar moisurvebdiT
gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanas?
[d] miiCnevdiT Tu ara, rom gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
argamotanis SemTxvevaSi Tqveni samuSao garkveulwilad ver
Sesrulda an Seusrulebeli darCa?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac
CaTvliT, rom braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs
miRma ar aris damtkicebuli, Tqven raime mizezis gamo ar
140
moisurvebdiT gamamarTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas?
sasamarTlo ganxilvamde saqmesTan dakavSirebiT
miRebuli informacia
[b],[d] am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT (zustad gadaeciT saqmis
aRweriloba) xom ar gagigoniaT raime radioSi an ginaxavT
raime gazeTSi, televizorSi, internetSi, an gisaubriaT me-
gobrebTan an TanamSromlebTan?
[b],[d] Tu SeiZleba, mokled momiyeviT Tu ra gaxsendebaT
iqidan, rac gaigoneT, naxeT an ris Taobazec isaubreT.
[b],[d] ra azrma gagielvaT gonebaSi, rodesac waikiTxeT/
gaigoneT/naxeT ambis [konkretuli movlenisa da Semdgomi mov-
lenebis/ambebis] Sesaxeb?
[b] ra ifiqreT braldebulis Sesaxeb, rodesac am ambebis
Taobaze waikiTxeT/gaigoneT/SeityveT?
[d] sanam dRes sasamarTloSi mobrZandebodiT, ras fi-
qrobdiT saqmis an [braldebulis saxeli] Taobaze?
[b],[d] SegeqmnaT Tu ara raime STabeWdileba imasTan dakav-
SirebiT, Tu ra moxda?
[b],[d] iqidan gamomdinare, Tu ra SeityveT an raze isau-
breT Tqvens megobrebTan an TanamSromlebTan, SegeqmnaT Tu
ara raime STabeWdilebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra moxda?
[b],[d] es konkretulad ra STabeWdilebebia?
motivi
[b] saxelmwifom am saqmeSi araviTari motivis arseboba
ar unda amtkicos. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tqven mier bralde-
bulis damnaSaved cnobamde saxelmwifom Tqven raime motivis
arseboba unda dagimtkicoT?
141
 [d] ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara vinme im mosazrebas, rom mo-
tivis ararseboba SeiZleba braldebulis udanaSaulobis gan-
msazRvreli faqtori iyos?
saqmis xelaxali ganxilva (verdiqtis gamotanis SeuZlebloba nafic
msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanxmeblobis gamo)
[b] Tu braldebam braldebuls brali wauyena da verdi-
qti ver iqna gamotanili nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze
SeuTanxmeblobis gamo, fiqrobT Tu ara, rom usamarTlo iqne-
boda, Tu braldeba mas brals xelmeored wauyenebs?
[d] Tu Tavdapirvel sasamarTlo procesze verdiqti ver
iqna gamotanili nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanxme-
blobis gamo, migaCniaT Tu ara, rom amis gamo, savaraudod,
braldebuli damnaSavea?
braldebulis mier Cvenebis armicema
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi Tavis
dasacavad braldebulma aucileblad unda misces Cveneba?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom braldebuli valdebulia momxd-
arTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari pozicia ganmartos?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi
braldebulebi, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar aZleven,
savaraudod, damnaSaveni arian?
[d] Tu braldebuli Cvenebas ar miscems, CaTvlidiT Tu
ara amas braldebulis savaraudo braleulobis damadasture-
bel mtkicebulebad?
[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT im braldebuleb-
ze, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar miscemdnen?
[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT braldebulze,
romelic sasamarTlo sxdomaze Cvenebas ar miscemda?
142
[d] SeZlebdiT Tu ara [braldebulis saxeli] udanaSau-
lod cnobas [wayenebuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi], Tu igi Cve-
nebas ar miscems momxdarTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari poziciis
ganmartebis mizniT?
[d] ifiqrebdiT Tu ara, rom igi raimes damalvas cdilob-
da?
eTnikuri warmomavloba an rasizmi
[b],[d] ras niSnavs TqvenTvis fraza „eTnikuri stereoti-
pi~ an „rasobrivi stereotipi~?
[b],[d] ras fiqrobT sxvadasxva eTnosis an rasis warmomad-
genelTa Soris qorwinebaze?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom sxva eTnikuri an rasobrivi
jgufis warmomadgenlebi ufro metad an naklebad Caidenen
danaSauls, vidre qarTvelebi? ratom?
[b],[d] swavlis an samuSaos gareT, ramdenad gaqvT so-
cialuri kontaqti gansxvavebuli eTnikuri an rasobrivi war-
momavlobis adamianebTan?
[b],[d] grZnobT Tu ara Tavs arakomfortulad garkveuli
eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufebis warmomadgenlebis garemoSi?
gangicdiaT Tu ara sxva eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufis
warmomadgenlis SiSi?
[b],[d] rasobrivi an eTnikuri cru Sexedulebebi zogjer
gamoixateba iarliyebSi an stereotipebSi, romlebic garkveu-
li rasobrivi an eTnikuri jgufebis aRweris mizniT gamoi-
yeneba. rasobrivi an eTnikuri warsulis gamo Tqvens, Tqveni
ojaxis wevris an axlo megobris mimarT odesme xom ar ga-
mouyenebiaT aseTi saxis iarliyebi an stereotipebi?
143
 [b],[d] zogadad, migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Cveni sazogadoeba
yvela eTnikur da rasobriv jgufs Tanabrad epyroba?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom zogierTi eTnikuri an raso-
brivi jgufi ufro ZalmomreobiT xasiaTdeba, vidre sxvebi?
[b],[d] Tqvens ojaxSi, farTo gagebiT, arian Tu ara gansx-
vavebuli rasis, eTnikurobis an mrwamsis mqone wevrebi?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom dazaralebuli an diskrimini-
rebuli jgufebi imave kanonieri uflebebiT unda sargeblobd-
nen, rogorc sxva jgufebi?
kriminaluri dajgufebebi/kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianoba
qvemoT mocemuli SekiTxvebi kriminaluri dajgufebebis
Sesaxeb kanonier qurdebsac moicavs.
[b],[d] iciT Tu ara kriminaluri dajgufebebis raime sa-
qmianobis Sesaxeb Tqvens samezobloSi, qalaqSi, dabaSi an
sofelSi?
[b],[d] gqoniaT Tu ara odesme Tqven an Tqvens axlobel
adamians raime problema romelime kriminalur dajgufebasTan
an dajgufebis wevrebTan?
[b],[d] xom ar gqoniaT raime Sexeba romelime kriminalur
dajgufebasTan an xom ar yofila Tqveni nacnobi/ojaxis wevri
aseTi dajgufebis wevri an mis saqmianobaSi Cabmuli?
[b],[d] xom ar gangicdiaT Tqven an Tqvens nacnobs SiSi sa-
marTaldamcavebisTvis kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianobis
Taobaze informaciis miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT?
[b] gaxsendebaT Tu ara raime situacia, rodesac pirov-
nebam ar moisurva samarTaldamcavebisTvis danaSaulis Tao-
baze simarTlis Tqma samagieros mizRvis an raime sxva SiSis
gamo? Tu diax, ra saxis situaciebi gagaxsendaT?
144
braldebulis/mowmeebis qceva (ZiriTadad dacvaze
orientirebuli SekiTxvebi)
cxovrebis stili
warmodgenili iqneba mtkicebuleba, rom [braldebulis sa-
xeli] eswreboda wveulebas, sadac narkotikebs moixmardnen.
is faqti, rom igi am wveulebaze iyo, xom ar gafiqrebinebdaT,
rom mas raime cudi unda Caedina?
dauSvebdiT amis gamo, rom igi damnaSavea?
alkoholizmi/narkomania
[b],[d] svamT Tu ara xandaxan raime saxis alkoholur
sasmelebs?
[b],[d] xom ar gaqvT raime saxis religiuri an moraluri
Sexedulebebi alkoholuri sasmelebis gamoyenebis winaaRm-
deg?
[b],[d] xom ar gaqvT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba maTTan
mimarTebaSi, vinc alkoholur sasmelebs moixmaren?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis)
moxmarebas pirovnebis azrovnebis daqveiTeba SeuZlia?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeiZleba pirovnebam imdeni
alkoholi (narkotikebi) moixmaros, rom aRar icodes, ras
akeTebs?
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi alko-
holis (narkotikebis) intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa piro-
vnebis tvini daazianos?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeiZleba adamianebi alko-
hols (narkotikebs) imis gasamarTleblad moixmaren, rom sa-
kuTar saqcielze aRar iyvnen pasuxismgebelni?
145
 [b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom SesaZlebelia pirovneba ga-
nicdides intensiur Trobas, Tumca ar iyos gaTiSuli an jer
goneba ar hqondes dakarguli, da amave dros man icodes (an
unda icodes) Tu ras akeTebs?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis)
intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa, savaraudod, pirovnebis
araracionaluri qceva gamoiwvios?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis)
intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa pirovnebas iseTi ram gaake-
Tebinos, risi gakeTebac mas sinamdvileSi ar surda?
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholi mxolod garkveul
SezRudvebs xsnis da sinamdvileSi araracionalur qcevas ar
iwvevs?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeuZlebelia pirovnebam im-
deni alkoholi moixmaros, rom aRar icodes, ras akeTebs?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fizikuri dauZlurebis niSnebi
(magaliTad, koordinaciis nakleboba an areuli metyveleba)
erTaderTi saSualebaa imis dasadgenad, rom pirovnebis azro-
vnebis unarze gavlena alkoholis (narkotikebis) moxmarebam
iqonia? romeli sxva saSualeba gaxsendebaT?
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholikis (narkomanis)
mier wlebis ganmavlobaSi alkoholis (narkotikebis) inten-
siurma moxmarebam SesaZloa misi saRad azrovnebis unari daa-
qveiTos?
[b],[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom pirovneba, romelic alkohols
(narkotikebs) moixmars, garemoebebisda miuxedavad, pasuxs
unda agebdes sakuTar qmedebebze?
146
saproceso SeTanxmeba. imuniteti. gansakuTrebuli mopyroba
[b],[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos mier im mowmeebis ga-
moyenebaze, romlebic, savaraudod, zogierT wayenebul dana-
SaulSi monawileobdnen da romlebmac maTi TanamSromlobis
sanacvlod saxelmwifosTan saproceso SeTanxmeba gaaformes?
[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos mier im mowmeebis gamoyene-
baze, romlebsac am saqmeSi brali ar aqvT wayenebuli, magram,
romlebmac SesaZloa saxelmwifosgan xelsayreli pirobebi
miiRon sakuTar sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi?
[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos praqtikaze, rodesac is
garkveuli danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebulebs sTavazobs „sa-
proceso SeTanxmebis“ (Semcirebuli sasjelis SeTavazeba) ga-
formebas sasamarTloSi Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod, im sxva
braldebulis winaaRmdeg, romelsac imave danaSaulis Cadena-
Si edeba brali?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan mowme saxelmwifos sa-
sargeblod aZlevs Cvenebas, igi simarTles ambobs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kriminalebma SesaZloa moi-
tyuon, raTa saxelmwifosgan ukeTesi garigeba (an Semcirebu-
li sasjeli) miiRon?
[d] rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad savaraudoa, rom bral-
debulma, romelsac misi Cvenebis sanacvlod saproceso Se-
Tanxmebas uformeben, motyuebiT daadanaSaulos vinme danaSau-
lis CadenaSi, raTa sakuTari sasjeli Seimciros?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan saxelmwifo xelsay-
rel pirobebs sTavazobs kriminals, romelic sxva pirovnebis
winaaRmdeg aZlevs Cvenebas, aseTi Cveneba yovelTvis marTali
iqneba?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom rodesac braldebuli, romel-
147
mac danaSauli Caidina da romelsac misi Cvenebis sanacvlod
saproceso SeTanxmeba gauformes, sxva pirovnebas imave dana-
SaulSi monawileobas abralebs, es sxva pirovneba, savarau-
dod, damnaSavea?
[d] Tqveni azriT, ramdenad sandoa im mowmeebis Cvene-
ba, romlebmac danaSaulis Cadena aRiares da braldebasTan
saproceso SeTanxmebebi gaaformes, ris safuZvelzec maTi
TanamSromlobisa da Cvenebis sanacvlod SesaZloa sasjeli
Seimsubuqon?
[d] ras fiqrobT im mowmeebze, romlebmac Cvenebis sanacv-
lod SesaZloa fuli an saxelmwifos mxridan gansakuTrebu-
li pirobebi miiRon maTi mxridan simarTlis Tqmis mzaobis
SemTxvevaSi?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom saxelmwifo ar moiyvanda mowmes,
Tu misi saTqmeli simarTle ar iqneboda?
[b] am saqmeSi SesaZloa moisminoT TanamSromlobaze wa-
mosuli braldebulebis Cvenebebi, romlebmac braldebasTan
saproceso SeTanxmebebi gaaformes. braldebulis TanamSrom-
lobis mosamarTliseuli Sefasebis Sedegad braldebulma Se-
saZloa Semcirebuli sasjeli miiRos. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom
saxelmwifos mxridan aramarTebulia saproceso SeTanxmebis
im mizniT gaformeba, rom mowmes SezRuduli an Semcirebuli
sasjeli Seufardon?
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom avtomaturad ar daujerebdiT an
ar gaiTvaliswinebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelmac aseTi
SeTanxmeba gaaforma?
[d] ras fiqrobT im braldebulTa Cvenebebis Sesaxeb, rom-
lebic maTi Cvenebebis sanacvlod garigebebSi Sedian?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom braldebuli moityueboda sxveb-
148
Tan dakavSirebiT im imediT, rom Semcirebuli sasjeli mieRo?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom, radgan braldeba sasamarT-
lo sxdomaze hkiTxavs braldebuls, romelmac saproceso
SeTanxmeba gaaforma, aseTi mowme (anu es braldebuli) simar-
Tles unda ambobdes?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom braldebuls, romelic saproceso
SeTanxmebas aformebs, aqvs sakmarisi mizezi Tqvas is, risi
gagonebac prokurors surs?
damnaSaveebi/informatorebi, romlebic sxvebs danaSaulis
Cadenisken aqezeben
[b] ras fiqrobT samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier infor-
matorebis gamoyenebaze Cvens sazogadoebaSi danaSaulebrivi
saqmianobis gamoaSkaravebis mizniT?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mxolod imis gamo, rom piri
CarTuli iyo danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi, ver iqneba sando
mowme sxvaTa danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis Taobaze Cvenebis mi-
cemisas?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kriminalebma SesaZloa vinme uka-
nono saqmianobaSi CaiTrion, Tu Sedegad es kriminalebi met
fuls an nakleb sapatimro vadas miiReben?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom Tu kriminalebs fuls uxdian
an isini xelsayrel pirobebs iReben, maT aqvT namdvili wa-
maxalisebeli mizezi uTxran policias is, risi gagonebac
policias surs?
biznesmenTa an ofisis muSakTa mier Cadenili
ekonomikuri danaSaulebi
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tu kompania da misi mowileebi
149
didi raodenobiT fuls kargaven, es imas niSnavs rom vinmem
danaSauli Caidina?
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom msxvili korporaciebis finans-
uri da sabuRaltro praqtikis saxelmwifos mxridan regu-
lireba Zalze mkacria, arasakmarisad mkacria Tu rogoric
saWiroa, zustad iseTia?
[d] odesme biznesgarigebis dros xom ar moutyuebixarT
an SecdomaSi SeuyvanixarT vinmes?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kompaniis sxva TanamSromlebis
mier danaSaulis aRiareba im faqtze uTiTebs, rom, savarau-
dod, mTavari aRmasrulebeli direqtoric aseve damnaSavea?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom Tu kompaniis ufro dabali ran-
gis TanamSromlebisTvis cnobilia gadacdomis Sesaxeb, maSin,
savaraudod, amis Sesaxeb mTavarma aRmasrulebelma direqtor-
mac icis?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompaniis aRmasrulebeli pi-
rebisTvis kanoni pasuxismgeblobis ufro did dones unda
iTvaliswinebdes sxva TanamSromlebTan SedarebiT im martivi
mizezis gamo, rom maT kompaniis aRmasrulebeli Tanamdebobebi
uWiravT?
[d] SesaZleblad migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompaniaSi mniSv-
nelovani danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba xorcieldebodes da amis
Sesaxeb mTavarma aRmasrulebelma direqtorma araferi ico-
des?
politikuri/sajaro korufcia
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara mniSvnelovan sakiTxad kanonis darR-
vevebs kompaniebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb?
150
[b],[d] ras fiqrobT politikuri miznebisTvis finansebis
moZiebaze?
[b] raime uaryofiTi damokidebuleba xom ar gaqvT sa-
marTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa mier saidumlo
agentebis gamoyenebis mimarT, rodesac isini sajaro Tanamde-
bobis pirebs sajaro korufciis saqmeebis gamoZiebisas ukav-
Sirdebian?
[b] ras fiqrobT im pirebze, romlebic politikuri kandi-
datebis kampaniebisTvis didi odenobis Tanxebis mobilizebas
axdenen?
[b] ras fiqrobT biznes subieqtebis im praqtikaze, ro-
desac isini saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebTan socialuri an
politikuri kavSirebis mqone pirovnebebs qiraoben kanonebze
da/an regulaciebze gavlenis moxdenis mizniT?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara cxovrebiseul kanonad im faqts, rom
adamianebis warmatebuli kariera imazea damokidebuli, Tu vis
icnoben isini?
[d] aramarTebulad migaCniaT Tu ara, rodesac adamianebi
maTi politikuri, socialuri an biznes kavSirebis Tu mego-
brobis Sedegad finansur sargebels iReben?
[d] marTebulad migaCniT Tu ara, rodesac pirovneba kom-
paniis mier saxelmwifosTan kontraqtis warmatebiT dadebaSi
gaweuli daxmarebisTvis Sesabamis kompensacias iRebs?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis
TanamSromlebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda ak-
mayofilebdnen, vidre sxva adamianebi?
151
 [d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sajaro moxeleebi ufro ma-
Ral moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre sxva
adamianebi?
[d] saerTo jamSi, ras fiqrobT parlamentis an mTavrobis
wevrTa eTikisa da patiosnebis Sesaxeb?
[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni Sexedulebebi politikosTa da sa-
jaro moxeleTa Sesaxeb?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom politikosebi da sajaro moxe-
leebi zogadad sando an arasandoni arian?
prokuroris/advokatis mxridan protestis gamoTqma
[b],[d] sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas me zogjer
gamovTqvam protests procesualur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
da sasamarTlo gadawyvets, ramdenad safuZvliani iqneba ga-
moTqmuli protesti. es Cemi samuSaos nawilia. raime proble-
ma xom ar geqnebaT am gamoTqmul protestTan dakavSirebiT?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom rac iTqmeba, Tqvens yuradRe-
bas daimsaxurebs?
[b],[d] SeZlebT Tu ara es saqme gadawyvitoT mxolod imis
safuZvelze, rasac mowmeebi Cvenebis micemisas ityvian da ara
imaze fiqriT, Tu ratom iyo protesti gamoTqmuli?
mkacri jvaredini dakiTxva
[b],[d] braldebis/dacvis mowmeebis mier Cvenebis micemisas
me meqneba SesaZlebloba davkiTxo es mowmeebi, raTa maTgan
miviRo is informacia, romelic, Cemi azriT, Tqven unda ico-
deT. zogjer momiwevs viyo sakmaod Seupovari da daJinebuli.
Sevecdebi viyo Tavaziani mowmeebis mimarT, magram SesaZloa
momiwios viyo Semtevic. raime problemas xom ar SegiqmnidaT
152
is faqti, rom me SeiZleba mowme `Semtevi maneriT~ davkiTxo?
iuristi braldebuli
[d] unda akmayofilebdes Tu ara braldebuli, romelic
iuristia an romelsac iuridiuli ganaTleba aqvs miRebu-
li, gansxvavebul samarTlebriv an eTikur standartebs sxva
braldebulebTan SedarebiT?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorebi/advokatebi ufro
maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre
sxva adamianebi?
mowmis damajerebloba
[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, rodesac vinmem SesaZloa am
sasamarTlo procesis SedegiT ixeiros, es faqti gaTvalis-
winebuli unda iyos am pirovnebis mier simarTlis TqmisaTvis
mzadyofnis Sefasebisas?
[b],[d] Tqveni azriT, romeli mniSvnelovani faqtorebi gan-
sazRvravs, Cvenebis micemisas pirovneba simarTles ambobs Tu
ara?
[b],[d] gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara mowmis qcevis maneras
imis Sesafaseblad, igi simarTles ambobs Tu ara?
[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis simarTlis dadgenis mizniT, gaiTva-
liswinebdiT Tu ara imas, Tu ra SeiZleba man Cvenebis micemis
sanacvlod miiRos?
[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis sandoobis dadgenisas, ramdenad
mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom mowmeebi Cvenebis mi-
cemis sanacvlod raime sargeblis miRebas elian?
[b] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu nakle-
153
bad daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelmac danaSauli
aRiara da axla Cvenebas aZlevs im pirTa winaaRmdeg, ro-
melTac imave movlenebis safuZvelze danaSaulebis CadenaSi
sdeben brals?
[d] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu nakle-
bad daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelsac braldebis
mxare gamoiZaxebs?
[d] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu naklebad
daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelsac dacvis mxare
gamoiZaxebs?
eqsperti mowmeebi: fsiqikuri janmrTelobis sferos specialistebi
[b],[d] ras fiqrobT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis sferos spe-
cialistebis SesaZleblobaze Seicnon adamianis goneba?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fsiqikuri janmrTelobis spe-
cialistebis mosazrebebi mxolod subieqturi Sexedulebebia,
romlebic seriozul doneze gaTvaliswinebas ar imsaxurebs?
ramdenime braldebuli
[d] saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
daijerebdiT Tu ara, rom erT-erTi braldebulis damnaSaveo-
bis SemTxvevaSi, isini yvela damnaSaveebi unda iyvnen?
[d] SeZlebdiT Tu ara gageTvaliswinebinaT mxolod is
mtkicebulebebi, romlebic konkretul braldebuls exeba,
da ara mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romelic TiTqos yvela
braldebuls exeba?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeZlebT TiToeuli bralde-
bulis cal-calke ganxilvas da rom mosTxovoT prokurors
154
TiToeuli braldebulis braleulobis gonivrul eWvs miRma
cal-calke damtkiceba?
ramdenime braldeba
[d] is faqti, rom pirovnebas SesaZloa ramdenime bralde-
ba hqondes wayenebuli, xom ar gafiqrebinebT, rom igi raRa-
caSia damnaSave?
samarTaldamcav organoTa muSakebis qmedebebi/gamoZiebis teqnika
[b] ras fiqrobT danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi CarTuli pi-
rebis gamovlenis mizniT socialur garemoSi agentebis Can-
ergvis operaciebis gamoyenebaze?
[b] mocemuli procesis dros Tqven moismenT policiis
oficris Cvenebas, romelic am saqmeze mtkicebulebebis mo-
povebis mizniT saidumlo agentis funqciebs axorcielebda.
gaqvT Tu ara raime piradi Sexeduleba aseTi saxis saqmiano-
basTan dakavSirebiT, ris safuZvelzec Tavs SeikavebdiT am
Cvenebis miRebisgan mxolod im martivi mizezis gamo, rom is
saidumlo operaciis Sedegad iyo mopovebuli?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom policiisTvis ufro mniSvne-
lovania eZios simarTle, vidre ubralod is, rom Seecados
damnaSaved cnos braldebuli?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis
zogierTma TanamSromelma SesaZloa ganzrax damalos mtkice-
buleba, raTa braldebulis damnaSaved cnobas miaRwios?
[d] aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni azriT, ramdenad
xSirad SeiZleba samarTaldamcavi organoebis zogierTma Ta-
namSromelma ganzrax damalos mtkicebuleba, raTa braldebu-
lis damnaSaved cnobas miaRwios?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom policiis oficeri Seecdeboda
155
xeli SeeSala dacvis mxarisTvis Rirebuli mtkicebulebebis
mopovebaSi, raTa braldebulis poziciisTvis dabrkolebebi
Seeqmna?
[d] yofilxarT Tu ara iseTi incidentis momswre, ro-
desac policiis oficrebma gamoiyenes Zala vinmes dapatimre-
bis an sxvagvarad dakavebis mizniT?
[d] ra STabeWdileba datoves Tqvenze incidentSi monawi-
le policielebma?
[b] gaqvT Tu ara raime problema im policielis sisxlis-
samarTlebriv devnasTan an dasjasTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac
brali dapatimrebis mizniT gamoyenebuli Zalis gadametebaSi
edeba?
[d] gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara konkretuli situaciis yve-
la garemoebas erToblivad manam, sanam daadgendiT, policiis
oficris qmedebebis marTebulobas?
[b] miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTaldamcav organoTa TanamS-
romlebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben sazogadoebis dacvaSi,
miiCnevT Tu ara, rom isini kanonis winaSe ufro metad ar
arian privilegirebulin, vidre rigiTi moqalaqeebi, rodesac
brali ukanono gamoZiebis CatarebaSi an Cvenebis micemaSi
edebaT?
[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorebi gamamtyunebeli
ganaCenis mopovebiT ufro arian dainteresebulni, vidre imis
dadgeniT, Tu ra moxda sinamdvileSi?
[d] is faqti, rom dapatimrebul pirs [cifri-jer] daar-
tyes, miganiSnebdaT Tu ara, rom mis winaaRmdeg Zalis gadame-
tebas hqonda adgili?
156
[d] Tqveni azriT, romeli faqtorebis codna iqneboda
mniSvnelovani imis dasadgenad, aris Tu ara policiis ofice-
ri Zalis gadametebaSi damnaSave?
TviTmxilveli mowmis Cveneba
[b] mocemul saqmeSi Cven warmogidgenT ramdenime TviT-
mxilvel mowmes, romlebic TqvenTvis zustad aRweren imas,
rac im dRes sakuTari TvaliT naxes. raime Sexeduleba xom
ar gaqvT Camoyalibebuli TviTmxilveli mowmeebis CvenebasTan
dakavSirebiT, ris safuZvelzec gagirTuldebodaT maT mier
ficis qveS dadebuli Cvenebis saTanadod gaTvaliswineba?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom garkveul garemoebebSi TviT-
mxilveli mowmis mexsiereba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra mox-
da, SesaZloa ar iyos zusti? SegiZliaT Tu ara momiyvanoT
zogierTi garemoeba, Tu rodis SeiZleba TviTmxilvelma mow-
mem dauSvas gulwrfeli Secdoma imasTan mimarTebaSi, rac
momxdarTan dakavSirebiT axsovs?
samarTaldamcav organoTa TanamSromlebis Cveneba
[d] policielis sityvas ufro daujerebdiT Tu sxva mow-
meebis?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom zogierTma policielma sasa-
marTloSi Cvenebis micemisas SesaZloa icruos an simarTle
damalos?
[d] sxva mowmeebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT, policielTa
Cvenebebs ufro metad, naklebad Tu Tanabrad damajereblad
miiCnevT.
gansaxilveli mtkicebuleba
[b] sasamarTloze warmodgenili iqneba faruli Canawerebi,
romlebic am saqmeSi braldebulis saubrebs (am saqmis konkre-
157
tul aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT) asaxavs. ras fiqrobT am saxis
sasamarTlo procesze saubrebis Canawerebis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebiT?
[b] SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos braldebulis foto fi-
zikuri TvalTvalis, iseve rogorc misi saxlis da/an samsa-
xuris adgilis Cxrekis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi.
ras fiqrobT aseT TvalTvalTan an kerZo sakuTrebis Cxreka-
sTan dakavSirebiT?
[b] SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos Camweri mowyobilobebis
meSveobiT Cawerili saubrebidan mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi.
ras fiqrobT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi kerZo saubrebis
aseTi Canawerebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT?
[b] SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs raimes gamo aseTi mtkicebu-
lebebis gaTvaliswinebisgan, rodesac braldebulis damnaSa-
veobasa Tu udanaSaulobaze imsjelebdiT?
[b] ras fiqrobT danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis faruli ga-
moZiebisas faruli video da audioCanawerebis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebiT?
[d] braldebis mxare warmoadgens audioCanawerebs, romle-
bic TiTqos [braldebuli]-is mxridan garkveul danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaze uTiTebs. Tu Tqven nafici msajuli iqnebiT, SeZ-
lebT Tu ara yuradRebiT mousminoT da gaiTvaliswinoT zu-
stad is, Tu ra iTqmeba am CanawerebSi, da ara ubralod
migeRoT prokuroris axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ras
exeboda mosmenili saubari?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kerZo saubrebis faruli Ca-
nawerebi pirad cxovrebaSi Carevaa, romelic ar unda iyos
nebadarTuli garemoebebisda miuxedavad?
[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TvalTvali an kerZo sakuTre-
158
bis Cxreka pirad cxovrebaSi Carevaa, romelic ar unda iyos
nebadarTuli garemoebebisda miuxedavad?
[b] zogierTi mtkicebuleba, romlis Sesaxebac am saqmeSi
SeityobT, ramdenime wlis win aris mopovebuli. fiqrobT Tu
ara, rom ufro Zveli mtkicebulebebi naklebad sandoa, vidre
bolo dros mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi? ratom?
Sexedulebebi abortis Taobaze
[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni Sexeduleba Cvens qveyanaSi abortis
kanonierad an ukanonod cnobasTan dakavSirebiT?
[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni piradi, religiuri an filosofi-
uri Sexedulebebi abortTan dakavSirebiT?
[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom abortis garkveuli saxe Se-
saZloa kanonieri iyos, da mainc, nebismieri aborti moralu-
rad miuRebelia?
[b],[d] aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ra pirobebSi/gare-
moebebSi CaTvlidiT marTebulad orsulad myofi qalbatonis
mier abortis moTxovnas?
[b],[d] Tu gecodinebaT, rom pirovnebas aborti aqvs gake-
Tebuli, rogori grZnobebi dageuflebodaT mis mimarT?
[b],[d] Tu qalbatoni abortis gakeTebas gadawyvets da
misi mama am gadawyvetilebas eTanxmeba, rogori grZnobebi da-
geuflebodaT misi mamis mimarT?
qorwinebis gareT arsebuli urTierTobebi
[b],[d] ras fiqrobT qorwinebis gareT arsebul urTierTo-
bebze (sqesobriv kavSirze).
159
 [b],[d] Tu gecodinebaT, rom pirovneba qorwinebis gareT
arsebul urTierTobebSi imyofeba, rogori grZnobebi dageuf-
lebodaT mis mimarT?
[b],[d] rodesac saqme qorwinebis gareT arsebul urTier-
Tobebs exeba, Tqveni Sexedulebebi imis mixedviT xom ar gansx-
vavdeba, urTierTobebSi mamakacia CarTuli Tu qali?
[b],[d] Tu qorwinebis gareT arsebuli urTierTobebi dao-
jaxebul da dauojaxebel pirebs aqvT, ufro metad vis daa-
danaSaulebdiT? daojaxebul pirovnebas? dauojaxebel piro-
vnebas? orive Tanabrad damnaSavea?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mamakaci, romelic cols
Ralatobs, savaraudod, raime sxva saeWvo qmedebebSic iqneba
gareuli?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom qalbatoni, romelic qmars
Ralatobs, savaraudod, raime sxva saeWvo qmedebebSic iqneba
gareuli?
sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi
[b],[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris danaSaulis gamomwvevi Zi-
riTadi mizezebi?
[d] ras fiqrobT saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis
marTlmsajulebis sistemis muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT?
[d] Tqveni azriT, ra xdis pirovnebas saxifaTod?
[d] Tqveni azriT, ra xdis pirovnebas moZaladed?
[d] zogadad, rogoria Tqveni STabeWdileba policiis da
sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier kriminaluri gamoZie-
160
bis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT?
[d] ZaladobiT Cadenil danaSaulebSi msjavrdebulTaTvis
sasjelis Sefardebisas, Tqveni azriT, romeli miznis gaTva-
liswineba ufro mniSvnelovani unda iyos _ dasjis, reabi-
litaciis Tu sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis?
[d] ZaladobiT Cadenil danaSaulebSi msjavrdebulTaTvis
sasjelis Sefardebisas, Tqveni azriT, romeli mizani ufro
mniSvnelovani unda iyos, braldebulis dasja Tu reabilita-
cia?
[d] rogor fiqrobT, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajule-
bis sistema kriminalebs Zalze mkacrad, rogorc saWiroa, Tu
Zalze msubuqad epyroba?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kanoni sakmarisze metad irjeba
braldebulTa dasacavad da arasakmarisad irjeba dazarale-
bulTa da maTi ojaxebis uflebebis dasacavad?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mdidari adamianebi naklebad age-
ben pasuxs sakuTar qmedebebze, vidre saSualod macxovrebeli
adamianebi?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-
julebis Cveni sistema mdidrebs da/an Zalauflebis mqoneT
upiratesobas aniWebs?
[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris uaresi, damnaSave pirovnebis
gaSveba Tu udanaSaulo pirovnebis damnaSaved cnoba?
[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris uaresi, damnaSave pirovnebis
gaSveba Tu udanaSaulo pirovnebis cixeSi gamomwyvdeva?
161
 [d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom adamianebs, romelTac bevri
fuli aqvT, sasamarTlo sistema ukeTesad epyroba, vidre sxva
adamianebs?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mdidrebs Cvens sazogadoeba-
Si sasamarTlo sistema ufro msubuqad epyroba, vidre sxva
adamianebs?
[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom zogjer udanaSaulo adamianebs
damnaSaved cnoben im danaSaulebis CadenaSi, romlebic maT ar
CaudeniaT?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis sasamarT-
loebSi braldebulebma unda amtkicon, rom isini udanaSau-
loni arian?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom Tu braldebuli Cvenebas ar
miscems, is, savaraudod, damnaSavea?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom braldebulebi xSirad saqmis
teqnikuri detalebis xarjze situaciidan Zvrebian?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavma organoebma
adamianebisTvis bralis wayenebisas SesaZloa Secdoma dauSvan?
[d] rogor fiqrobT, ra sixSiriT uSveben samarTaldamca-
vi organoebi Secdomebs adamianebisTvis bralis wayenebisas?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom sa-
marTaldamcavma organoebma SesaZloa adamianebisTvis bralis
wayenebisas Secdomebi dauSvan, magram, rodesac saqme sasamarT-
lomde miva, nebismieri Secdoma ukve gamosworebuli iqneba?
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom, rodesac saqme sazogadoebaSi
162
gaxmaurebulia an is cnobil pirovnebas exeba, policia saWi-
roze swrafad moqmedebs braldebulis dapatimrebis mizniT?
[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom zogjer politikis an sazo-
gadoebrivi zewolis Sedegad, policiam SesaZloa saWiroze
swrafad imoqmedos pirovnebis dapatimrebis mizniT?
[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-
julebis farglebSi damnaSave adamianebi sakmarisze advilad
gaurbian marTlmsajulebas da sasjels, romlebsac imsaxu-
reben?
[d] zogadad, ras fiqrobT sisxlis samarTlis speciali-
zaciiT momuSave advokatebze da maT eTikasa da patiosnebaze?
[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom yvela kanoni mkacrad unda Ses-
ruldes maTi Sedegebisda miuxedavad?
[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom Cveni sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-
sajulebis sistema unda Seicvalos, raTa is ukeTesi gaxdes?
Tu diax, romel cvlilebebs gulisxmobT?
daskvniTi SekiTxvebi
[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mniSvnelovania Tqvens Sexedu-
lebas miemxroT? ratom?
[d] Tu Tqven nafici msajuli iqnebodiT da msajulebi
erTsulovan gadawyvetilebas verdiqtze ver miiRebdnen _ ra
damokidebuleba geqnebodaT amasTan dakavSirebiT?
[d] geqnebodaT Tu ara `Cavardnis~ an arasrulfasovnebis
gancda verdiqtze SeTanxmebis SeuZleblobis gamo?
[d] geqnebodaT Tu ara imis gancda, rom Tqveni, rogorc
163
nafici msajulis samuSao ver SeasruleT?
[d] Tu imis safuZvelze, rac sasamarTloSi gaigoneT da
naxeT, darwmunebuli iqnebodiT, rom braldebam ver SeZlo
gonivrul eWvs miRma [braldebuli]-is braleulobis damt-
kiceba, miemxrobodiT Tu ara mainc Tqvens gadawyvetilebas
maSinac ki, Tu sxva nafici msajulebi gansxvavebul azrze
iqnebodnen?
[d] Tu Tqven am saqmeSi nafic msajulad agirCeven, raime
mniSvneloba xom ar eqneboda TqvenTvis gamotanil verdiqtze
sxva piris, magaliTad, Tqveni ojaxis wevrebis, megobrebis,
mezoblebis Tu TanamSromlebis reaqcias?
[b] raime religiuri, moraluri an eTikuri Sexedulebebi
xom ar gaqvT, ris safuZvelzec gagiZneldebodaT sisxlis
samarTlis sasamarTloSi sxva pirovnebis gansja?
[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kanoni,
rogorc amas mosamarTle saqmis bolos getyviT, Tqvens pi-
rad Sexedulebebs ewinaaRmdegeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu
rogori gadawyvetileba unda iyos saqmeze gamotanili, Tqven
verdiqts mainc saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Tqvens pirad Sexedu-
lebebs daafuZnebdiT?
[d] Tqven rom yofiliyaviT bradebuli mocemul saqmeSi,
aris Tu ara raime mizezi, ris gamoc sakuTar Tavs am saqmeSi
nafic msajulad ar isurvebdiT?
SeniSvnebi: 1. zogierTi es SekiTxva aRebulia Semdegi
gamocemidan: „nafic msajulebTan muSaoba: sistematuri teqni-
ka (nafic msajulTa erovnuli proeqti, 2009 weli).
164
Sesavali sityva34
saqmis Sesavali sityva _ es aris sasamarTlo procesis
is etapi, rodesac prokurori/advokati axdens pirvel STabe-
Wdilebas mosamarTlis winaSe an aZlierebs nafic msajulTa
SerCevis dros ukve mopovebul STabeWdilebas nafic msajul-
Ta Semadgenlobis winaSe. gaiTvaliswineT, rom amisaTvis Tqven
mxolod erTi Sansi gaqvT. STabeWdileba, romelsac Tqven Ses-
avali sityvis dros moaxdenT, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
gahyvebaT mTeli sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi. Sesavali
sityva aseve, aris Tqveni pirveli SesaZlebloba, uTxraT
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu ras exeba saqme. is sa-
samarTlo procesis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia da gul-
dasmiT unda iyos momzadebuli. samwuxarod, Sesaval sityvas
xSirad ar aqceven saTanado yuradRebas, rogorc sasamarTlo
procesis nawils, radgan mas ar axasiaTebs danarCeni oTxi
aspeqtis msgavsi momxibvleloba.
Sesaval sityvaSi Tqven ganaviTarebT saqmis Temas, romelsac
Semdgom sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas ganagrZobT da
daamuSavebT. TemaSi Tqven unda CaaqsovoT Sesabamisi faqtebi,
romlebic Tqvens mxares sasurvel verdiqts moutans. Ses-
avali sityva warmoadgens did suraTs, romelic saSualebas
aZlevs mosamarTles da nafic msajulebs TqvenTvis swori
perspeqtividan dainaxon mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa, magali-
Tad, mowmis Cveneba.
am etapze erTi mniSvnelovani ram unda vicodeT. Sesavali
sityva ar unda Seicavdes raime yalb an SecdomaSi Semyvan
gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras gviCvenebs faqtebi. aseTi
praqtika ara mxolod araeTikuria, aramed, rodesac simarTle
gamoaSkaravdeba Tqven mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis Tval-
Si damajereblobas dakargavT. prokuroris/advokatis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani atributi misi damajereblobaa da Tu is ikar-
34 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
165
geba, misi dabruneba SeiZleba SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. rodesac
Tqven cdilobT vinme raimeSi daarwmunoT, es pirovneba ga-
dawyvetilebis miRebisas ZiriTad faqtorad Tqvens damajereb-
lobas Seafasebs.
Sesavali sityva sami aspeqtisgan Sedgeba: (1) Tema, (2)
ambavi/Teoria da (3) verdiqtis moTxovna.
Tema
Tema arsebiTad aris erTi an ori winadadebisgan Semdga-
ri gancxadeba, romelic ajamebs imas, Tu ras exeba saqme. Tema
mosamarTles an nafic msajulebs uqmnis `fsiqologiur sayr-
dens~. mas prokurori/advokati mTeli sasamarTlo procesis
ganmavlobaSi ubrundeba. is pirvelad naxsenebi iqneba Sesa-
val sityvaSi, Semdeg masze isaubreben mowmeebi da sabolood
moeqceva daskvniTi sityvis yuradRebis centrSi da Sekravs
mTlian sasamarTlo process. kargi Tema sayovelTao WeSma-
ritebebs eyrdnoba. aseTi Temebis wyaroebia wminda wignebi,
werilebi, literatura, popularuli gamonaTqvamebi da kul-
turuli gamocdileba. qvemoT mocemulia Temebis magaliTebi:
_ `es aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb.~
_ `merabi simdidresa da bednierebaze ocnebobda, rogorc
mravali Cvengani. da es aris ambavi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
aqcia braldebulma es ocneba koSmarad.~
_ `fulis siyvaruli yvelanairi siborotis safuZvelia da
braldebuli mocemul saqmeSi am siborotis gansaxierebaa.~
_ `es aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobisa da sxva adamianisT-
vis braldebis wayenebis Sesaxeb.~
_ `am saqmeSi namdvili dazaralebuli TviTon braldebu-
lia.~
pirveli STabeWdileba didxans Zlebs. Sesavali sityvis
dasawyisSi miwodebuli kargi Tema mosamarTlis/nafic msa-
julTa gonebaSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi rCeba. pro-
kurori/advokati Temas kvlavac gaimeorebs daskvniT sityvaSi,
raTa is mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis gonebaSi SenarCun-
des, rodesac isini gadawyvetilebis misaRebad imsjeleben.
166
Temisa da Semdgom ambis gadmocemisas, prokurorma/advo-
katma unda gamoavlinos sakuTari enTuziazmi saqmis mimarT.
Sesavali sityva warmoTqmuli unda iyos damajereblad da
energiulad, rac yvelas auwyebs, rom prokuroris/ advokatis
pozicia ara mxolod marTalia, aramed mas sakuTari poziciis
sjera kidec. saukeTeso faqtebi da Temac ki ver daarwmunebs
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu prokurori/advokati Tavis
saqmeSi rwmenis demonstrirebas ver SeZlebs. karg prokur-
orebs/advokatebs erTi kargi devizi aqvT: `Cven veliT am
saqmeSi gamarjvebas, radgan Cven marTalni varT.~ miuxedavad
amisa, gaxsovdeT, rom Sesavali sityva ar aris argumentaciis
stadia, romlis droc procesis bolos dgeba. garda amasa,
marTalia, Tqveni devizi unda iyos is, rom Tqveni pozicia
marTalia, magram realurad Tqven arasodes unda TqvaT `vfi-
qrob, braldebuli damnaSavea~ an `piradad me mimaCnia, rom
braldebuli udanaSauloa~. Tqvens mosazrebebs mniSvnelo-
ba ar aqvs; mniSvnelovania mtkicebulebebi. Tqven SegiZliaT
TqvaT: `sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT
dadasturdeba, rom braldebuls ar Caudenia is danaSauli,
romlis CadenaSic brals sdeben~ an `sasamarTlo procesis
dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT dadasturdeba, rom yovelgvar
gonivrul eWvs miRma braldebulma petre nemsaZe mokla~.
ambavi/Teoria
ambavi, es ubralod saqmis Teoriaa, anu sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, Tqveni mxaris versia imasTan dakavSirebiT, `Tu ra
moxda sinamdvileSi~. is unda iyos martivi, logikuri da
SesabamisobaSi unda modiodes saqmeSi arsebul faqtebTan da
samarTlebriv moTxovnebTan.
sasamarTlo procesi ramdenime mcire ambisgan Sedgeba. arc
erTi mowme mTlian ambavs ar mohyveba, igi mxolod ambis im
nawilze isaubrebs, romelic misTvis aris cnobili. Sesaval
sityvaSi advokati warmoTqvams mTlian ambavs, romelic im
mcire ambebs efuZneba, romlebzec mowmeebi isaubreben. Sesa-
vali sityva mosamarTles aZlevs saSualebas aRiqvas mTliani
suraTi da TiToeuli mowmis mcire ambavi konteqstualurad
167
gaiazros. is, rom Sesavali sityvis am nawils ambis moyola
ewodeba, ar niSnavs, rom is faqtobrivad mcdaria. es ubralod
niSnavs, rom prokurori/advokati saubrobs imaze, Tu ra mox-
da da imaze _ rasac procesis ganmavlobaSi mowmeebi gad-
moscemen. is didad ar gansxvavdeba nebismieri sxva ambisgan,
rodesac pirovneba msmenelisTvis sainteresod hyveba, Tu ra
gaigona an dainaxa. prokurori/advokati, romelic Sesaval
sityvas warmoTqvams, arsebiTad igives akeTebs. faqtobrivad,
Sesavali sityvis warmoTqmisas prokurori/advokati gadmos-
cems ambavs ise, TiTqos rusTavelis gamzirze operasTan ax-
los dgas da sakuTar megobrebs uyveba imis Sesaxeb, rac mas
WeSmaritad ainteresebs, raSic mas surs sakuTari megobrebi
daarwmunos da maTi mxardaWera moipovos.
karg ambavs Sesaval sityvaSi ramdenime aspeqti aqvs. pir-
vel rigSi, ambavSi aqcenti adamianebze da ara problemeb-
ze unda iyos gakeTebuli. mosamarTlesa da nafic msaju-
lebs erTi ram aqvT saerTo: isini adamianebi arian da sxva
raRacebs sxva adamianebis meSveobiT xedaven. aq igulisxmeba,
rom warmatebuli prokurori/advokati saqmes warmoadgens,
rogorc sakuTari TvaliT danaxuls. prokurorma/advokatma
unda moaxdinos sakuTari klientis an dazaralebulis per-
sonificireba da igi realur pirovnebad unda gaxados. igive
exeba mowmeebsac. Sesaval sityvaSi am adamianebs xorci unda
SeesxaT, raTa, rodesac isini Cvenebis micemas daiwyeben, ukve
damajerebelni iyvnen. TiToeuli monawilis personificireba
saSualebas aZlevs mosamarTles da nafic msajulebs, rom sa-
kuTari perspeqtividan ukeT aRiqvan situacia, rogorc Cveu-
lebrivma adamianebma. qvemoT mocemulia ori magaliTi:
`es aris ambavi elenes Sesaxeb, romelic yovelTvis
TbilisSi cxovrobda. igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi-
tetis studenti iyo da samedicino fakultetze bejiTad
swavlobda. magram yvelaferi 1 ivliss Seicvala, rodesac
mas is manqana daejaxa, romelsac braldebuli marTavda.
igi saxlSi midioda WavWavaZis gamzirze saRamos megobreb-
168
Tan erTad mecadineobis Semdeg, rodesac braldebulis
manqanam gzidan gadauxvia da mas daejaxa. maSin, rodesac
elene swavlis dasrulebis Semdgom svaneTSi muSaobaze
fiqrobda, braldebuli alkoholis bolo Wiqas miirTmev-
da xangrZlivi drostarebis Semdeg. es elenes ukanaskneli
nabijebi iyo, rameTu igi adgilze gardaicvala.~
`iraklisa da daTos Soris problemebs hqonda adgili.
2010 wlis 14 ivlisis saRamos, rodesac irakli market-
Si midioda Tavisi meuRlisTvis dabadebis dRis saCuqris
SesaZenad, daTo mas misi saxlis win daxvda quCaSi. daTo
iraklis ojaxs emuqreboda da iraklis ufro da ufro
uaxlovdeboda. igi igineboda da iraklisa da misi ojaxis
mimarT muqaras ganagrZobda. iraklim daTo Tavidan moi-
Sora. amis Semdeg, daTom iraklis muSti mouqnia, xolo
iraklim ubralod Tavi daicva. miuxedavad amisa, axla
irakli aq aris sasamarTloSi warmodgenili braldebulis
saxiT, imis gamo, rom TiTqos daTos mimarT Zaladoba ga-
naxorciela.~
Tumca, frTxilad iyaviT da gaxsovdeT auditoria. Tu
saqmes mxolod mosamarTle ixilavs, maSin dramatuloba ufro
naklebad saWiroa, vidre es nafic msajulTa winaSe iqneboda.
mraval SemTxvevaSi mosamarTleebs ar uyvarT gadaWarbebu-
li dramatuloba da aman SesaZloa Tqveni pozicia daazara-
los. amitom es advokatis mxridan dagegmvasa da SemoqmedebiT
momzadebas moiTxovs. mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvis Sem-
TxvevaSi advokati aseve unda Seecados gaigos, Tu ra saxis
prezentaciebi moswons an ar moswons mosamarTles da saku-
Tari gamosvlac Sesabamisad moamzados. nafic msajulTa Sem-
TxvevaSi yuradRebiT unda mousminoT potenciuri msajulebis
pasuxebs da SesaZloa Tqveni Sesavali sityvis Secvlac mo-
giwioT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra Tqves msajulebad Ser-
Ceulma adamianebma maTi SerCevis dros.
169
 warmatebuli Sesavali sityvis mesame elementi imaSi md-
gomareobs, rom is martivad da logikurad unda iyos organi-
zebuli. savaraudod, prezentaciis organizebis saukeTeso gza
misi qronologiurad gadmocemaa, radgan adamianTa umravle-
soba ambis mosmenas swored ase icnobs da amjobinebs. aseTi
saxiT warmodgenili Sesavali sityva ufro martivia gad-
mosacemad (prokurorisTvisac/advokatisTvisac) da gasagebad
(msmenelisTvisac).
Sesavali sityvis Semdegi elementi mdgomareobs mosamar-
Tlis/nafic msajulTa gafrTxilebaSi, Tu ras unda elodon
isini Semdgom. mosamarTlisTvis/nafic msajulTaTvis miniS-
neba imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Cveneba iqneba mniSvnelovani,
aZlierebs msmenelTa molodins da amaxvilebs maT yuradRebas
sasamarTlo procesis am stadiaze. qvemoT mocemulia amis
magaliTi:
`braldebis mxare qeTevans gamoiZaxebs. yuradRebiT us-
mineT mis Cvenebas, rom TiTqos man bankis mZarcvelSi giga
amoicno. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT imas, Tu dRis
ra monakveTi iyo da sad idga qeTevani.~
zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
gauCndaT molodini, rom mowmis mier bankis mZarcvelSi Tqve-
ni klientis amocnoba garkveul problemebTan iqneba dakav-
Sirebuli. yuradReba miaqcieT imasac, rom advokatma Tavisi
klienti ara braldebulad, aramed misi saxeliT moixsenia.
braldebis mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba moaxdinos braldebu-
lis depersonizacia misi braldebulad moxseniebiT, maSin,
rodesac dacvis mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba Tavisi klientis
humanizebas, rogorc wesi, misi saxeliT moxseniebiT. isev da
isev, gaxsovdeT Tqveni damajerebloba, ar gaazviadoT is, Tu
ras ityvian Tqveni mowmeebi da rogor moaxdenT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowmeTa Cvenebebis impiCmentს.
efeqturoba
efeqturi Sesavali sityva ar aris Zalian grZeli, magram
yvela arsebiT elements Seicavs. rekomendebulia Sesavali
170
sityva 15-30 wuTs ar aRematebodes. amaze grZel Sesaval
sityvas mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi ar mousmenen da Se-
sabamisad, Sesavali sityva araefeqturi iqneba. gaxsovdeT,
rom efeqturi Sesavali sityva ise unda iqnes gadmocemuli,
TiTqos advokati am ambavs Tavis megobrebs WavWavaZis gamzirze
uyveba. cnobilia, rom, Tu ambis moyola 30 wuTze metxans
grZeldeba, nebismieri msmeneli interess kargavs. Tumca unda
aRiniSnos, rom saqmis specifikidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa
warmodgenili iyos gansxvavebuli xangrZlivobis Sesavali
sityva. magaliTad, zogierTi saqme Zalze kompleqsuria da
moiTxovs grZel Sesaval sityvas.
strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi Sesavali sityvis dros
1. ar ikamaToT saqmis Sesaxeb es daskvniTi sityvisTvis SemoinaxeT
Sesavali sityva Seicavs gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ras exeba saqme, da es gancxadebebi ar unda iyos argumentebi.
daskvniT sityvebSi cxaddeba faqtebi, keTdeba daskvnebi, fas-
deba mowmeTa damajerebloba da saRi azri da sxva sakiTxebi
sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi gamovlenili mtkiceb-
ulebebis safuZvelze. Sesavali sityva unda Semoifarglos
mtkicebulebebiT, romlebic, dacvis mxaris azriT, mowmeTa
CvenebebSi iqneba miTiTebuli da saqmeSi warmodgenili nivT-
ieri mtkicebulebebiT. SesaZloa es wesi martivad mogeCvenoT,
magram mas xSirad yvelaze gamocdili prokurorebic/advo-
katebic ki arRveven. saukeTeso saSualebaa Sesavali sity-
vis winaswar dagegmva, dawera da Semdeg misi gadaxedva imis
dasadgenad, konkretuli gancxadeba argumentia Tu ubralod
faqti. qvemoT mocemulia misaRebi da miuRebeli Sesavali
gancxadebebis magaliTebi:
171
 misaRebi miuRebeli igi maT TvalSi damajereblobas kargavs. aseve, prokurorma/
advokatma unda icodes, rom mowinaaRmdege mxare daskvniT
manqana 45-kilometrian igi giJiviT atarebda sityvaSi Seaxsenebs mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu ra iyo
SezRudvis zonaSi daaxloebiT da mTel saval gzas dapirebuli da sinamdvileSi ki, ras hqonda adgili, rac pro-
80 kilometriT saaTSi ikavebda. kuroris/advokatis damajereblobas kidev ufro avnebs.
siCqariT moZraobda.
saRi azri gikarnaxebT, 3. ifiqreT Sesavali sityvis dros nivTieri mtkicebulebebis
oficeri ganacxadebs, rom rom oficris mtkicebas, gamoyenebaze
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi Tavi eTmoba niv-
braldebuli, romelic 60 TiTqos braldebuli
Tieri mtkicebulebebis wardgenas sasamarTlo procesis dros.
kilograms iwonis, Tavs daesxa dazaralebuls Tavs magram nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSvebamdec ki is SeiZ-
da daaziana dazaralebuli, daesxa, adgili ar hqonia. leba Sesavali sityvis warmoTqmis dros iyos gamoyenebuli.
romelic 100 kilograms SesaZloa es iyos diagrama, foto, an Tundac ruka, rome-
iwonis. lic Sesavali sityvis konteqstSi jdeba. zogierT SemTxveva-
Si, cxrilis an diagramis gamoyenebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba
amas dro sWirdeba, magram gamocdili prokurori/advoka- aqvs prokuroris/advokatis poziciis axsnisaTvis. am mizniT
ti advilad mixvdeba, Tu romeli argumenti unda gaaprote- nivTmtkicebis gamoyeneba Sesaval sityvas aZlierebs da kidev
stos Sesaval sityvaSi da ra aris misaRebi. ufro dasamaxsovrebels xdis mosamarTlisaTvis/nafici msaju-
kvlavac aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesaval sityvaSi prokuroris/ lebisTvis, ris Sedegadac isini ukeTesad aRiqvamen procesze
advokatis piradi Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb saubari yovelTvis micemul Cvenebebs. darwmundiT, rom Tqveni nivTieri mtkice-
miuRebelia. Sesaval sityvaSi miuRebelia iseTi frazebis ga- buleba zustia. mcdari nivTieri mtkicebuleba gaprotestebis
moyeneba, rogoricaa: `me mjera~, `vfiqrob~, `me vici~ an `Cven sagani gaxdeba an Tqvens pozicias daazianebs, Tu mtkicebule-
gvjera~. amasTan, es ara mxolod Sesaval sityvas, aramed bebi Tqvens nivTmtkicebas mxars ver aubams. Sesavali sityvis
procesis nebismier stadiasac exeba. analogiurad, daskvniTi dros gamoyenebuli nivTmtkiceba mtkicebulebad ar daiSveba
sityvac ar unda Seicavdes gancxadebebs prokuroris/advo- da mas msajulebi damnaSaveobis an udanaSaulobis gansazRvri-
katis Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. advokatma unda ikamaTos imis sas ver gaiTvaliswineben. Tu gsurT, rom mosamarTlem/naficma
Sesaxeb, Tu raze uTiTebs mtkicebulebebi, da ara Tavis pirad msajulebma Tqven mier Sesavali sityvis dros gamoyenebuli
mosazrebebze, radgan mosamarTleebi da nafici msajulebi ga- nivTmtkiceba ganixilon, Tqven is sasamarTlo procesze mow-
dawyvetilebebs mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT iReben. mis meSveobiT unda waradginoT. Tu apirebT nivTmtkicebis
gamoyenebas Sesavali sityvis dros, SeecadeT mowinaaRmdege
mxaresTan SeTanxmdeT, rom mtkicebulebebi, romelTa gamoy-
2. nu gaazviadebT mtkicebulebebis mniSvnelobas
enebasac Tqven apirebT, dasaSvebia. aseTi SeTanxmebis miuR-
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, prokuroris/advokatis damajereb-
wevlobis SemTxvevaSi iSuamdgomleT mosamarTlesTan, raTa
loba misi yvelaze Zvirfasi iaraRia. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
man gamosces Sesabamisi ganCineba mtkicebulebis dasaSvebo-
Tavis Sesaval sityvaSi prokurori/advokati mosamarTles/na-
bis Taobaze. gaxsovdeT, rom mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa Tu
fic msajulebs amcnobs, rom moyvanili iqneba garkveuli mt-
dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares ekisreba.
kicebulebebi da amas procesis ganmavlobaSi adgili ar eqneba,
172 173
kerZod, gaxsovdeT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis
72-e muxlis me-3 nawili: `braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebis
dasaSvebobisa da dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis
mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels.~
4. mzad iyaviT saqmeSi arsebuli sisusteebisaTvis
prokurori/advokati nebayoflobiT aRiarebs Tu ara sa-
qmeSi arsebul sisusteebs, es, saboloo jamSi, misi strate-
giuli gadawyvetilebaa, magram am variantis ganxilva, sul
mcire, aucilebelia. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas pro-
kurorma/advokatma unda gaTvalos, misi aRiarebis miuxedavad
mainc gamomJRavndeba Tu ara misTvis arasasurveli mtkicebu-
lebebi. Tu arasasurveli mtkicebuleba nebismier SemTxvevaSi
gamomJRavndeba, maSin prokurorma/advokatma es Tavis Sesaval
sityvaSi unda aRniSnos. ukeTesia, Tu cnobebi arasasurveli
mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb Tqvengan gaJRerdeba, vidre amas mo-
winaaRmdege mxare gaakeTebs. sisustis aRiareba gexmarebaT,
raTa is TqvenTvis sasurveli saxiT da konteqstSi warmoaCi-
noT da misi gavlena minimumamde SeamciroT. magaliTad:
`diax, merabi 2009 wlis gamoSvebis BMW-s mar-
Tavda, romlis sabargulSic 50 kilogrami heroini
ido, magram verc erTi mtkicebulebiT ver dadastur-
deba, rom misTvis amis Sesaxeb cnobili iyo.~
sisustis imgvarad aRiareba, rom minimumamde Semcirdes
misi ziani da amavdroulad aRiarebul iqnes misi arsebo-
ba, prokuroris/advokatis poziciis damajereblobas uwyobs
xels. sisustis gamotoveba da misi arsebobis ignorireba
ubiZgebs mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs ifiqron, rom prokur-
ori/advokati garkveul sakiTxebs malavs, an rom igi Tavis
saqmes marTebul konteqstSi ver xedavs. Sedegad ki mosa-
marTlem/naficma msajulebma SeiZleba ifiqron, rom prokur-
ori/advokati ar aris sando.
meore mxriv, SesaZloa meore mxare ver aTviTcnobierebs,
rom sisuste arsebobs. sisustis aRiarebiT Tqven SesaZloa
miuTiToT oponents, Tu ra mimarTulebiT warimarTeba sasa-
marTlo procesi.
174
Tu prokurori/advokati saqmeSi sisustis aRiarebas ga-
dawyvets, es misi Sesavali sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes.
sisustiT dawyeba an dasruleba mosamarTles/nafic msaju-
lebs kargad amaxsovrdebaT, maSin roca sisusteze saubari
Sesavali sityvis SuaSi mis gulwrfelobasac usvams xazs
da sisustiT miyenebul ziansac amcirebs. adamianebi Sesavali
sityvis dasawyisSi an bolos gadmocemul saqmis pozitiur
aspeqtebs ufro imaxsovreben, vidre sityvis SuaSi naxseneb
uaryofiT sisusteebs.
5. Sesavali sityvis Sinaarsi
qvemoT mocemuli struqturuli modeli prokurors/
advokats Sesavali sityvis wardgenaSi daexmareba:
1. Sesavali (Tema);
2. waradgineT saqmeSi arsebuli mxareebi;
3. warmoadgineT saqmeSi gaTamaSebuli scenari:
a. sad moxda?
b. rodis (TariRi)?
g. ra dros (dRis monakveTi)?
d. rogori amindi iyo? (Tu es mniSvnelovania)
4. mohyeviT ambavi;
5. ra sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos mosamarTlem/naficma msa-
julebma;
6. romelia braldebulis damnaSaved an udanaSaulod cno-
bis safuZvlebi.
am sqemis gamoyeneba prokurors/advokats daexmareba Ca-
moayalibos Sesavali sityva, romelic efeqturad gadmoscems
faqtebs da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gaacnobs mtkiceb-
ulebebs, romlebic misi rwmeniT unda iyos daSvebuli.
6. unda warmoTqvaT Tu ara Sesavali sityva
es ar aris SekiTxva braldebis mxarisaTvis; braldebam
Sesavali sityva aucileblad unda warmoTqvas. Tumca, dacvis
mxare ar aris valdebuli igive gaakeTos. zogadad, dacvis
mxaris mier Sesavali sityvis gamotoveba kargi azri ar aris.
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs ar ecodinebaT Tqveni saqmis
175
Teoria da SesaZloa ver Caswvdnen im sakiTxebs, romlebzec
Tqven braldebis mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gaa-
maxvilebT yuradRebas. isini aseve, SesaZloa ver Caswvdnen im
sakiTxebsac, romlebze aqcentsac Tqveni mowmeebis meSveobiT
gaakeTebT. erTaderTi mizezi, Tu ratom SeiZleba advokatma
Sesavali sityva gamotovos, aris is, rom man ar icis rogori
iqneba misi dacvis strategia da imedovnebs, rom strategiis
ganviTarebas procesis mimdinareobisas SeZlebs. Tu igi Se-
saval sityvaSi ityvis, Tu rogori iqneba dacvis Teoria, am
Teoriis Secvla daskvniT sityvaSi kidev ufro gaZneldeba.
daskvniTi SeniSvnebi
Sesavali sityva prokuroris/advokatis mier nafic msaju-
lebze moxdenili STabeWdilebaa. pirveli STabeWdilebebi xan-
grZlivi xasiaTisaa. sasamarTlo procesamde saqmis jerovani
momzadeba daexmareba prokurors/advokats warmoTqvas Sesava-
li sityva, romelic mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze udides
STabeWdilebas moaxdens. am devizs winamdebare saxelmZRvane-
loSi mudmivad gavimeorebT: `momzadeba warmatebis sawinda-
ria!~
176
Sesavali sityva35
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli State-
bis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels Se-
saZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
braldebis mxare
mkvlelobis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxilva TiTqmis ar
gansxvavdeba sxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebsagan. prokuroris Se-
savali sityva iseTive STambeWdavi unda iyos, rogorc filmis
anonsi (Treileri). Cveulebriv saukeTeso anonsi potenciur
auditorias filmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan momentebs uCvenebs,
yuradRebas ipyrobs, da, saboloo jamSi, mTliani filmis
naxvis survils aRuZravs.
braldebis mxaris Sesavali sityva ar unda iwyebodes
imgvarad, rom nafic msajulebs momxseneblis ignorirebisaken
ubiZgos (`qalbatonebo da batonebo, rasac axla mogaxse-
nebT, mtkicebuleba ar aris, es gaxlavT saqmis martivi mo-
naxazi. pirvel rigSi oficer smits moviwvev, romelic mo-
giTxrobT~...). Tuki mosamarTle nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs,
35 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b.
rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011).
Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.
2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis
teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis
gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:
copyright@abanet.org.
177
rom Sesavali sityva mtkicebulba ar aris, maSin saWiro aRar
aris igives Sexseneba. prokuroris amocanaa miipyros nafici
msajulebis yuradReba, daaviwyos axlaxan mosmenili miTi-
Tebebi da filmisaTvis SeZlebisdagvarad saintereso anonsi
moamzados _ iseTi, romelic msmenels aiZulebs kinos bile-
Tis SeZenas da ubiZgebs gaakeTos winaswari daskvnebi filmis
Sesaxeb, romlis naxvis survilic ukve gauCnda.
ganvixiloT realuri cxovrebiseuli magaliTi uaxlesi
istoriidan da erTmaneTs SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis ori
sasamarTlo procesis Sesavali sityvebi _ pirvel SemTxveva-
Si braldebis mxarem waago procesi, xolo meore SemTxveva
samoqalaqo saqmis (a.S.S.-Si nafici msajulebi ganixilaven ro-
gorc sisxlis, aseve samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebs) mogebiT
dasrulda. mkvlelobis saqmis procesze braldebam Sesavali
sityva ase daiwyo:
`mogesalmebiT Tqveno Rirsebav, mosamarTle ito, b-n.
koCran, b-n. Sapiro da din uelmen, Zvirfaso kolegebo,
saqmis monawile mxareebo, braunebis ojaxis wevrebo,
goldmenebis ojaxis wevrebo, simfsonebis ojaxis wevre-
bo, nafico msajulebo. albaT samarTliani iqneba, Tuki
vityvi, rom dRes mTel qalaqSi yvelaze rTuli samuSao
Tqvens Semdeg swored me maqvs. Tqveni davaleba cota
ufro rTulia, magram Cven yvelas erTi mizani gvaqvs
da es mizani marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebaa. sasamarTlo
procesi xangrZlivi iqneba da minda giTxraT, rom Zalian
vafasebT Tqvens monawileobas procesSi, miT umetes, rom
kargad gvesmis ramdenad rTuli SeiZleba es TqvenTvis.36~
warmodgenili Sesavali sityvis nawilSi ramdenime mniS-
vnelovani Secdomaa daSvebuli. is zedmetad grZeli da apol-
ogetikuria da faqtobrivad nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs, rom
saqmis mogeba gauWirdeba (`qalaqSi yvelaze rTuli samuSao me
36 People of the State of California v. O.J. Simpson, (kaliforniis Statis
mosaxleoba o. j. simfsonis winaaRmdeg) 1995 wlis 24 ianvris sasamarTlo
sxdomis oqmi ixileT Semdeg veb. gverdze: http://walraven.org/simpson/jan24.
html
178
maqvs~). Sesavali sityva mxolod erTi nawili iyo, braldebis
gundis mier daSvebuli uxeSi Secdomebis seriidan (dawyebuli
iqidan, rom politikuri mosazrebebiT sasamarTlos adgili
Secvales). am yvelafris saboloo Sedegi ki sasamarTlos
mier gamotanili gamamarTlebeli verdiqti iyo.
axla ki es Sesavali sityva SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis
winaaRmdeg warmatebuli samoqalaqo saqmeSi mosarCele advo-
katis mier warmoTqmul Sesaval sityvas.
`1994 wlis 12 ivnisis saRamos, nikol braunma Ta-
visi 10 wlis gogona sidni da 6 wlis biWi jastini
daaZina Tu ara, abazana wyliT aavso, sanTlebi aanTo da
abazanis misaRebad da gantvirTvisaTvis moemzada.
9:40-ze telefonma dareka da nikolma upasuxa. deda
urekavda imis saTqmelad, rom axlomdebare retoranSi,
brentvudSi saTvale darCa. 1 saaTiT adre swored am
restoraSi aRniSna mTelma ojaxma sidnis cekvis koncer-
ti. dedas ainteresebda SeeZloo, Tu ara nikols meore
dRes restornidan misi saTvalis wamoReba. nikolma upa-
suxa, rom SeeZlo da yurmili dakida.
Semdeg nikolma restoranSi dareka da Tavazian ax-
algazrda mimtanTan saubari iTxova. nikolma axalgaz-
rda mimtans sTxova dedamisis saTvale gamoeyolebina.
mimtanma upasuxa, rom saTvales samsaxuris Semdeg miu-
tanda, gzad marina del reisaken, sadac Tavis megobars
unda Sexvedroda. axalgazrda mamakacs ron goldmeni
erqva da is 25 wlis iyo. saRamos 9:50-ze roni saT-
valiT xelSi restornidan iqve mdebare saxlSi gadavida
tansacmlis gamosacvlelad~.37
Sesavali sityvis anonsi kinos formatiT daiwyo, dazara-
lebulTa personalizaciiT, wina saRamos maTi, nikol simf-
sonisa da ron goldmenis cxovrebaSi ganviTarebuli mov-
37 nawyvetebi daniel petroCelis Sesavali sityvidan, romelic
Setanilia wignSi Joel J. Seidermann, In the Interest of Justice, Great Opening and
Closing Arguments of the Past 100 Years, 6-7 (2004).
179
lenebis aRweriT da TandaTanobiT gadavida mkvlelTan maTi
sabediswero Sexvedris Txrobaze. mosarCelis advokatma am
SemTxvevaSi brwyinvaled isargebla arsebuli garkveuli md-
gomareobiT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rac naficma msajulebma
ukve icodnen, da ris Tqmasac moelodnen advokatisagan. am
droisaTvis simfsonebis saqme Tveebis ganmavlobaSi gazeTebis
pirvel gverdze ixileboda da yvela am ambavze saubrobda;
igive iqneboda advokats `titanikis~ ambavi rom moeyola,
magram mis sityvaSi ar iyo mobodiSeba, anda wuxili imis
Sesaxeb, rom msajulebis darwmuneba rTuli iqneboda, arc
zedmet saubars, an advokatisaTvis damaxasiaTebel Txrobas
moicavda. advokatma filmis Sesavali damajerebeli xerxiT
warmoadgina.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, garkveulwilad mkvlelobis
saqmeebis ganxilva sxva saqmeebis ganxilvisagan gansxvavebulad
xorcieldeba. braldebulma msxverpls, an msxverplebs yvela-
nairi ufleba waarTva. am dros prokurori didi cdunebis
winaSe dgas, daayenos nafici msajulebi dazaralebulis adgi-
las. problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sasamarTloebi amgvar
midgomas aramarTebulad miiCneven yvelaze metad Tavad mkvle-
lis38 poziciidan gamomdinare. amgvarad, prokurori mudmivi
dilemis winaSe dgeba: rogor warmoTqvas Zalian STambeWdavi
sityva misaRebi formiT? pasuxi am SemTxvevaSi igivea _ gaa-
keTos filmis anonsi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom dazaralebulma da misma mkvlelma
erTmaneTTan SexvedriT faqtobrivad Tavad Seqmnes filmis
scenari, mkvlelobis filmis reJisori mainc prokuroria.
scenarSi bolo Sesworebebic swored prokurors Seaqvs, da
ara mosamarTles, an advokats. prokurori iRebs gadawyvetile-
bas imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor, ra TanmimdevrobiT, vin dawers da
mohyveba mimzidvelad filmis anonss _ Sesaval sityvas.
38 ix. Uilsoni simsonis winaaRmdeg. (Wilson v. Simmons, 536 F.3d 1064,1119
(10th Cir. 2008). amgvari qmedeba Cveulebriv nafic msajulebSi TanagrZnobis
gamowvevis araswor midgomad iTvleba. mkvlelobis saqmis warmodgenili
magaliTi, romelic federalurma sasamarTlom 28 U.S.C. § 2254 ganixila,
SesaniSnavi magaliTia rogorc prokurorebisaTvis, aseve dacvis mxarisaTvis.
180
axla ki am Tavis meore abzacSi moyvanili citata qvemoT
mocemul magaliTs SevadaroT:
`mtkicebulebebi gviCvenebs (es fraza qvemoT
moyvanil yvela mtkicebulebas, Tuki aseTi iqneba, dasaS-
vebs gaxdis), rom sicocxlis bolo dRes, brenda evansma
Cveulebisamebr dilis 6 saaTze gaiRviZa. sicocxlis
bolo dilas, Cveulebisamebr manqaniT gaemgzavra riv-
erfrant parkSi sarbenad. sicocxlis ukanasknel di-
las brendam manqana gaaCera da Caketa, rogorc Cveu-
lebriv akeTebda xolme. Semdeg Cveulebisamebr mobrunda,
rom sirbili daewyo _ magram brendas sicocxlis es
ukanaskneli dila Cveulebrivi ar iyo. im diliT bren-
das parkSi viRac elodeboda, imitom, rom es adamiani
brendas uTvalTvalebda, dasdevda da iwerda yvelafers,
rasac brenda Cveulebriv dRis ganmavlobaSi akeTebda.
manqanasTan mdgar brendas uknidan viRacam Tavze mo-
hkida xeli. xelSi qloroformSi dasvelebuli naWeri
eWira. brenda ucnobis xelis mocilebas cdilobda, am
dros qloroformi CaisunTqa da goneba dakarga. is 2003
wlis `ford tauras~-is markis avtomanqanaSi Catenes
da parkidan samxreTiT, 17 milis moSorebiT mdebare
Tavlisaken waiyvanes. garkveuli periodis Semdeg brenda
gonze movida, magram aRmoaCina, rom TavlaSi sajinibos
moajirze iyo mibmuli.
mamakaci, romelmac brenda parkidan moitaca, mis
gonze mosvlas elodeboda, radgan undoda gonze yo-
filiyo im dros, ris gakeTebasac mere apirebda. mamak-
acs undoda brendas scodnoda, rom is gaaupatiures.
mas Semdeg rac kargad momzadebuli gegmis `es punqti~
daasrula, kedlidan fiwali CamoiRo da brendas yelze
miabjina. Semdeg man ramdenjerme gauyara fiwali yelSi,
sanam ar moswyinda. sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas bren-
da evansma bolos braldebuli _ jeremi lii tomasi
dainaxa, romelmac fiwali CaurWo yelSi.
181
 zemoT moyvanili magaliTi faqtiobrivad zustad imas
akeTebs, rac Teoriulad akrZalulia. is ubiZgebs nafic msa-
julebs, rom sakuTari Tavi warmoidginon msxverplis adgi-
las da danaSauls misi poziciidan Sexedon, Tumca Txrobi-
sas gamoyenebuli ar aris terminebi, romelTa gamoyenebasac
sasamarTlo krZalavs. Sesavali sityva ase rom dawyebuliyo:
`warmoidgineT sakuTari Tavi brendas adgilas~ nacvlad, ze-
moT gamoyenebuli sityvebisa `mtkicebuleba gviCvenebs~ _ sa-
varaudod, warmodgenili filmis danarCen nawils _ proku-
roris sityvas da verdiqts _ saapelacio sasamarTlo proku-
rors ukan daubrunebda studiaSi gadasakeTeblad araswori
qcevis motiviT.
enobrivi da meToduri akrZalvebi sxvadasxva iurisdiq-
ciaSi sxvadasxvagvaria da prokurori valdebulia kargad ic-
nobdes precedentul samarTals. ra iqna CaTvlili Secdomad.
ra CaiTvala `iZulebad, magram samarTlianad~ da marTebulad?
rogorc zemoT warmodgenili magaliTi gviCvenebs, Sesavali
sityvis kargad dagegmva TiTqmis yovelTvisaa SesaZlebeli,
ise rom dasaSvebad warmoadginoT is, rac sxva SemTxvevaSi
dauSvebeli iqneboda. Tumca amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, Tuki
TamaSis wesebi, anda saTamaSo moednis sazRvrebi ar iciT.
amitom Sesabamisi kanonis codna aucilebelia, gansakuTrebiT,
Tuki prokurors unda rom sazRvars misi gadakveTis gareSe
miuaxlovdes.
rogorc am wignSi araerTxelaa aRniSnuli, aucilebeli
ar aris mtkicebuleba qronologiurad warmoadginoT. konkre-
tuli mosazrebebiT, anda teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa
mtkicebuleba araTanmimdevrulad miawodoT nafic msajulebs.
kidev ufro damajerebeli Sesavali sityva aris retrospeq-
tiuli anonsi (sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas, brenda evansma
wamliT gabruebuli ugono mdgomareobidan gamoiRviZa da aR-
moaCina, rom TavlaSi iyo dabmuli, sadac uwin arasodes yo-
fila. iq rogor moxvda ar icoda, mxolod is axsovda, rom
im diliT parkSi sarbenad manqaniT gaemgzavra....~).
sxva SemTxvevebSi, Sesavali sityva SesaZloa amave for-
matSi erTgvar `satyuaras~ moicavdes, ufro konkretulad
182
ki, miuTiTebdes msajulebs, rom prokuroris saqmeSi gansa-
kuTrebuli yuradReba `denTis kvalian pistolets~ miaqcion.
(`brenda mkvdaria, maS, saidan unda gavigoT, rom is bral-
debulma mokla? gTxovT, Zalian didi yuradReba miaqcioT
teqnologiebis eqspertis, doqtor brus mileris Cvenebas~).
es gancxadeba ar aiZulebs msajulebs daaskvnan, rom doqtori
mileri braldebuls mkvlelad cnobs, anda braldebulis dam-
naSaved cnobis garda sxva alternativa ar eqneba; amis nacv-
lad ubiZgebs msajulebs Tavad gaakeTon sakuTari daskvnebi,
romlebic SeiZleba ukve gakeTebulic aqvT. amgvarad, msajuli
interesiT daelodeba teqnologiebis eqspertis Cvenebas da
gonebaSi gauxardeba, rodesac doqtori mileris Cveneba faq-
tobrivad daadasturebs mis sakuTar daskvnebs.
zogjer yvelaze efeqtur gamosvlebs musikalur kreSen-
dos adareben, romelic TandaTanobiT zrdis tonalobas da
intensivobas Sesavali sityvidan daskvniT sityvamde. kidev
ufro Sesaferisi analogi SeiZleba iyos sforcando, sadac
Tavdapirvelad musikalur notze Zlieri aqcentis gakeTeba
xdeba, Semdeg ki misi Semcireba saboloo dasrulebamde. Ses-
avali sityvac swored notis quxilisebur dasawyiss hgavs.
Semdeg bgeris (mtkicebulebis) tonaloba mcirdeba tonis
centrisaken, vidre saboloo notamde ar daiwyebs zrdas
(daskvniTi sityva).
Sesavali sityva Zalian frTxilad, mxolod yvela mt-
kicebulebebis detaluri Seswavlis Semdeg unda moamzadoT.
amasTan, Sesavali sityva mxolod daskvniTi sityvis momza-
debis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. im saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, sa-
dac sasjels nafici msajulebi ufardeben, Sesavali sityva
sasjelis sityvis momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. Tuki
es kontraintuitiurad mogeCvenebaT, gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi
sakiTxebi:
 maSin, rodesac yvela an umetesi daskvniTi si-
tyvebisa ZiriTadad im mtkicebulebis detalur mi-
moxilvas unda moicavdes, romelsac efuZneba mTa-
vari sakiTxi (brali, an Seracxadoba), Sesavali si-
183
 tyva zogadi unda iyos da ara yovlismomcveli, an
konkretuli. iSviaTia, rom braldebam srulyofilad
moamzados sityva winaswar. umetesoba efuZneba mowmis
wyvetil mexsierebas, mosamarTlis uars dasaSvebad sc-
nos garkveuli mtkicebuleba, an Tundac dacvis dama-
jerebel mowmes, romlis Cveneba kiTxvis niSnis qveS
ayenebs braldebis mxaris mowmeTa mTliani Cvenebis
utyuarobas. maSin roca prokurori cdilobs mTliani
saqme detalurad warmoadginos, misi Sesavali sity-
va dacvis mxares situaciis Sejamebis gakeTebis karg
SesaZleblobas aZlevs, xazs usvavs ra, prokuroris
Sesaval sityvasa da mtkicebulebebs Soris arsebul
SeuTavseblobas (prokurorma giTxraT, rom b-n smiti
mogiyvebodaT a-s, b-s da g-s, magram b-n smits es saer-
Tod ar uTqvavs!~ `prokurorma giTxraT, rom fiwal-
Tan dakavSirebiT serologiuri eqspertizis daskvnas
gaCvenebdaT, magram mtkicebuleba msgavs dokuments ar
moicavs!). prokurori, romelic `filmis anonsis~ Se-
Tavazebis nacvlad, hyveba ambavs, da masSi warmogid-
genT mtkicebulebas, an Cvenebas, romelic dagegmilisa-
gan gansxvavebiT mtkicebulebaTa nusxaSi ar moxvdeba,
naklebad savaraudoa, rom mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tav-
dasxmas gaumklavdeba.
 filmis anonsis gamoyenebis midgoma Tavidan ag-
vacilebs mosawyen daskvniT sityvas, romelic Sesavali
sityvis gameoreba iqneba. Tumca, kargad momzadebuli
braldebis saqme yovelTvis mimarTuli iqneba daskvniT
sityvaze. daskvniTi sityva samarTalwarmoebis pro-
cesis gansxvavebuli etapia da Sesabamisad, gansxvave-
buli daniSnuleba aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad
momzadebul Sesaval sityvas SeuZlia saqme mogagebi-
noT, Tuki moaxerxebT nafic msajulTa daarwmunebas
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenamde, mas mainc ar SeuZlia
mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenisas wamoWrili kamaTisa da
kiTxvebis mogvareba.
ornawilian sasamarTlo procesze (a.S.S.- praqtika), sadac
184
nafici msajulebi braldebuls sasjels ufardeben, daskvniT
sityvisTan dakavSirebuli igive mosazrebebi vrceldeba
sasjelis SefardebasTan dakavSirebul saboloo sityvazec _
amas eZaxian prokuroris saboloo sityvas, es sityva moicavs
miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
mocemuli braldebis SemTxvevaSi esa, Tu is sasjeli. igi ar
SeiZleba iyos Sesavali sityvis gameoreba. gameoreba TiTqmis
yovelTvis uintereso da ara damajerebelia. daskvniTi sityva,
iseve rogorc sasjelis Sefardebis etapze gakeTebuli
sityva, nafic msajulebs dafiqrebisaken unda ubiZgebdes. es
ki sasamarTlo procesamde momzadebas, sxvadasxva sakiTxis
gadanawilebas da nafic msajulTa winaSe mtkicebulebebis
warmodgenas moiTxovs.
dacvis mxare
dacvis mxares yovelTvis aqvs saproceso ufleba
warmoTqvas Sesavali sityva. dacvis mxares, aseve ufleba
aqvs ar gaakeTos Sesavali sityva iqamde, vidre ar moismens
braldebis mxaris gamosvlas, anda saerTod ar isargeblos
sityvis Tqmis uflebiT. advokatebis umravlesobas miaCnia,
rom Sesavalis sityvis Tqmis uflebaze uaris Tqma ar aris
marTebuli ramdenime mizeziT. pirvel rigSi imitom, rom bevri
eqsperti miiCnevs, rom nafici msajulebi gadawyvetilebas
swored Sesavali sityvis mosmenis Semdeg iReben da Tuki es
simarTlea, maSin mniSvnelovania, rom daupirispirde braldebis
mxares. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, Cveulebriv im saqmeebSi,
sadac ramdenime braldebulia, rodesac Sesavali sityviT
gamosvlisagan Tavis Sekaveba SeiZleba erTgvari strategia
iyos imisaTvis, rom Tqveni klienti sxva braldebulebisagan
gamoarCioT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi, dacvis mxare
unda Seecados, rom braldebis mxaris gamosvlis Semdeg
dauyovnebliv daamyaros nafic msajulebTan kontaqti. Tundac
konkretuli dacvis mtkiceba ar arsebobdes, dacvis mxarem
unda isargeblos am SesaZleblobiT, raTa nafici msajulebis
keTilganwyoba da ndoba moipovos.
185
 Sesavali sityva aseve gaxlavT SesaZlebloba imisa,
rom xazi gausvaT braldebis poziciis sust mxareebs. Tuki
absoluturad ar xarT darwmunebuli imaSi, rom braldebuli
Cvenebas gaakeTebs, umjobesia amaze ar isaubroT. Tqveni
Sesavali sityva SesaZloa misi Cvenebis sanacvlod gamodges.
marTalia, Sesavali sityva dacvis mxarisaTvis SesaniSnavi
SesaZleblobaa warmoaCinos sakuTari Tavi sando advokatad,
magram gaxsovdeT, rom potenciuri sirTuleebi (maxeebi) mainc
arsebobs.
 arasodes dadoT piroba, romelsac ver SeasrulebT,
radgan nafici msajulebi amas arasodes daiviwyeben da
arc gapatieben.
 nu daiwyebT saubars samarTlebriv teqnikur detalebze
da terminebze, romlebzec nafic msajulebs CamoeZine-
baT.
 dacvis mxarisaTvis sasargeblo mtkicebulebis arse-
bobis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyeneT Sesavali sityva nafici
msajulebis Sexedulebis Camosayalibeblad.
zogierTi iuristis azriT, kargi iqneba Tuki Sesavali
sityva mTeli istoriis moyolas daeTmoba, miT umetes,Tuki
Txroba Tqveni erT-erTi Zlieri mxarea, aucileblad
gamoiyeneT es SesaZlebloba. meore mxriv, ar aris saWiro
komunikaciis stilis Secvla mxolod imisaTvis, rom mibaZoT
sxva warmatebul advokatebs. rodesac dacvis mxarisaTvis
sasargeblo mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs, xSirad mtkicebis
tvirTi, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da gonivruli eWvi
sasargeblo meqanizmebia, Tuki maT saTanadod gamoyenebas
SeZlebT. dacvis mxarem nafic msajulebs unda auxsnas, rom
mxolod udanaSaulobis prezumfcia sakmarisia gamamarTlebeli
verdiqtis/ganaCenis gamosatanad. Sesavali sityva brwyinvale
droa nafic msajulebSi gonivruli eWvis marcvlebis
dasaTesad.
nafici msajulebi yvelaze didi interesiT Sesaval
sityvas usmenen da Tqvens gamosvlas mouTmenlad elian.
amitom Sesavali sityva unda iyos lakoniuri, damajerebeli
da zustad pasuxobdes Temas. rekomendebuli ar aris
186
xangrZlivi sityvis warmoTqma, romelic ver miipyrobs nafici
msajulebis interess. mniSvnelovania, rom Sesavali sityvis
repeticia winaswar gaiaroT, raTa Semdeg misi warmoTqma
Canawerebis moSveliebis gareSe SeZloT. swored am dros unda
acnoboT nafic msajulebs, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfcia
sicocxlisunariani cnebaa. marTalia, nafici msajulebi
mosamarTlis mantiaSi ar arian gamowyobili, magram isini arian
mosamarTleebi da maTzea damokidebuli ramdenad `cocxalia~
prezumfcia. aucilebelia nafic msajulebs sTxovoT, rom
yuradRebiT mousminon mosamarTlis miTiTebebs udanaSaulobis
prezumfciisa da gonivruli eWvis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg Tqvens
naTqvams mosamarTlis miTiTebebi gaamyarebs. msajulebma unda
icodnen, rom isini arian erTaderTi mosamarTleebi da maT
unda gadawyviton Tu vis daujeron da Sesabamisad, gansazRvron
mowmeebis sandoobis xarisxsi.
udanaSaulo adamianis dasja arc erT nafic msajuls
ar unda. Sesavali sityvisas SesaZlebloba gaqvT auxsnaT
msajulebs, Tu ratom aris barldebuli udanaSaulo da Tuki
saWiroa, gaakeToT Sedareba mowmeebs Soris. braldebuli
xSirad gaTavisuflebas Tveebis ganmavlobaSi elodeba;
nafic msajulebs ki saSualeba aqvT saxelmwifos Sesabamisi
`gzavnili~ miawodon. uamravi magaliTi arsebobs imisa, Tu
rogor unda gakeTdes rekomendebuli Sesavali sityva39.
39 ix. Peter Lagarias, Effective Closing Argument (1989) (romelic mimoixilavs
darwmunebis xelovnebas).
187
 mowmis momzadebis sakontrolo 11. ar gascdeT faqtebs, ar gaakeToT daskvnebi da ar
gamoTqvaT mosazrebebi. rogorc wesi, Tqven ar geqne-
CamonaTvali baT ufleba Cveneba misceT iseT sakiTxze, rac sxvam
giTxraT, an ris Sesaxebac Tqven ubralod sxvisgan
qvemoT moyvanilia magaliTebi, romlebic rekomendebulia
gaqvT informacia, Tu amas kanoni pirdapir ar moiTxovs;
prokurorma/advokatma gamoiyenos maT mier mowmeTa momzadebi-
12. Tu ar gesmiT kiTxvis Sinaarsi, moiTxoveT misi gameo-
sas:
reba;
1. is, Tu rogor gamoiyurebiT, iseve mniSvnelovania, ro-
13. mas Semdeg, rac me dagisvamT kiTxvebs im sakiTxebis ir-
gorc is, rasac Tqven ityviT. sasamarTlo procesze
gvliv, razec Cven visaubreT, Tqven jvaredini dakiTx-
sufTad da konservatiulad CaicviT.
vis wesiT dagkiTxavT mowinaaRmdege mxare. Cven unda
2. sasamarTloSi Tqven gTxoven dadoT religiuri an ara-
visaubroT im savaraudo kiTxvebis Sesaxeb, rasac, Cemi
religiuri fici. am dros Tqven fexze unda abrZandeT
azriT, mowinaaRmdege mxare dagisvamT;
da garkveviT TqvaT: _ `vficav~. mowmis skamze gamarTu-
14. nu dakargavT moTminebas jvaredini dakiTxvis dros;
li unda ijdeT. nu moeSvebiT da daeyrdnobiT magidas;
15. jvaredini dakiTxvis dros mzad iyaviT imisTvis, rom
3. sasamarTlo darbazSi nu daReWavT saReW rezins, da nu
ar daeTanxmoT prokurors/advokats. Tu is ityvis
miirTmevT kanfets;
araswor informacias, ar daeTanxmoT mas da aucile-
4. isaubreT xmamaRla, raTa gameoreba ar mogiwioT;
blad SeasworeT/daazusteT faqtebi, magram SeecadeT
5. Cvenebis micemis dros iyaviT Tavdajerebuli da pirda-
es Tavazianad gaakeToT;
piri _ amgvarad msajulebi metad irwmuneben Tqvens
16. yovelTvis Tavaziani iyaviT mosamarTlisa da yvela im
naTqvams;
piris mimarT, vinc kiTxvas dagisvamT;
6. nu daizepirebT imas, ris Tqmasac apirebT;
17. Tu prokurori/advokati gkiTxavT, gisaubriaT Tu ara
7. iyaviT mudam seriozuli. Tavi aarideT saqmeze sicilsa
am saqmeze vinmesTan _ es xafangia _ amitom upasuxeT
da saubars foieSi, sapirfareSoSi an sxva nebismier
_ `diax~ da ganmarteT, rom am saqmeze me (an policias,
adgilas sasamarTlos SenobaSi. gaxsovdeT, rom sa-
da sxva.) mesaubreT. nu miscemT prokurors/advokats
samarTlos SenobaSi Sesvlisas SesaZloa msajulebma
SesaZleblobas agaCqaroT. gaiazreT SekiTxva da pasuxi.
daginaxon;
Tu gkiTxes _ ramis Tqma xom ar gTxoveso, gaxsovdeT,
8. kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas esaubreT msajulebs an
rom Tqven gTxoves yovelTvis simarTle TqvaT. yvelaze
mosamarTles (Tu saqme msajulebis monawileobis gareSe
mniSvnelovania simarTlis Tqma;
ixileba). ZiriTadad maT uyureT da gulwrfelad da
18. Tu me gavaproteste kiTxva, ar upasuxoT mas, manam,
Riad esaubreT, ise, rogorc isaubrebdiT megobarTan;
sanam mosamarTle ar miiRebs gadawyvetilebas. Tu
9. yuradRebiT usmineT kiTxvebs. mxolod kiTxvas gaeciT
mosamarTle daakmayofilebs Cems protests, es imas
pasuxi da Tqveni surviliT nu daamatebT sxva infor-
niSnavs, rom Tqven ar mogeTxovebaT pasuxi gasceT
macias. Tqven ufleba gaqvT ganmartoT Tqveni pasuxi
SekiTxvas. Tu mosamarTlem protesti ar daakmayofila,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. yovelTvis ar xarT valdebuli
Tqven valdebuli xarT upasuxoT SekiTxvas. Tu amaso-
upasuxoT diax an ara, Tu pasuxi ganmartebas moiTxovs;
baSi dagaviwydaT, ra kiTxva iyo dasmuli, SegiZliaT
10. Tu arasworad upasuxeT kiTxvas, maSinve gamoasworeT
iTxovoT kiTxvis gameoreba;
Secdoma; Tu pasuxi bundovani iyo, maSinve ganmarteT;
188 189
 19. Tu ar iciT pasuxi kiTxvaze, amis gamo nu aReldebiT
da nu ivaraudebT. ubralod upasuxeT _ `ar vici~;
20. Tu rame dagaviwydaT, TqviT, rom ar gaxsovT. yvelas
SeiZleba daaviwydes raRac;
21. Tu ar gsurT kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, ar hkiTxoT
mosamarTles unda upasuxoT Tu ara kiTxvas. Tu kiTxva
miuRebelia, me gavaprotesteb mas da mivmarTav mosamar-
Tles am sakiTxze;
22. nu dagviwyebT yurebas me da mosamarTles kiTxvaze pa-
suxis gacemaSi daxmarebisTvis;
23. isaubreT martivi eniT da Tavi aarideT, Jargon an
teqnikur terminologias, Tu es ar aris sasicocx-
lod mniSvnelovani. Tu CaTvliT, rom teqnikuri ter-
minologiis gamoyeneba aucilebelia, maSinve ganmarteT
terminebi, romelsac gamoiyenebT;
24. Cvenebis micemis dasrulebis Semdeg mowmis adgili dam-
ajerebeli gamometyvelebiT datoveT.
SeniSvna: winamdebare CamonaTvali amomwuravi ar aris.
sasamarTlo praqtikis ganmavlobaSi prokurorma/advokatma
SeiZleba SeniSnos sxva problemebic, rasac SesaZloa mowme
sasamarTlo procesze waawydes da Seadginos ufro sru-
lyofili sia sakuTari moxmarebisTvis.
190
advokatisa da klientis urTierTobebi.
klientis gamokiTxvis specifika40
sanam uSualod advokatisa da klientis urTierTobebis
ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, mniSvnelovania gavixsenoT sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis is muxlebi, romlebic am sa-
kiTxs exeba. saxeldobr:
muxli 38. braldebulis ufleba-movaeleobani
5. braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve
mis mier arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis uf-
leba, xolo Tu is uqonelia _ ufleba, daeniSnos advokati
saxelmwifos xarjze. braldebuls unda hqondes gonivruli
dro da saSualeba dacvis momzadebisTvis. braldebulisa da
misi advokatis urTierToba konfidencialuria. akrZalulia
braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobebze aseTi Sez-
Rudvebis daweseba, romlebic xels SeuSlis dacvis saTana-
dod ganxorcilebas.
muxli 41. braldebulis mier advokatis ayvana
advokats irCevs da iyvans braldebuli an, braldebulis
nebis gaTvaliswinebiT, _ misi axlo naTesavi an sxva piri.
gamomZiebels, prokurors, mosamarTles ufleba ara aqvT, re-
komendacia gauwion romelime advokats. braldebuli (misi
axlo naTesavi, sxva piri) da advokati TavianT urTierTobebs
awesrigeben SeTanxmebis safuZvelze.
40 klientis gamokiTxva _ statia: klientTan urTierTobis damyareba,
avtori jon repingi. iuridiuli daxmarebis saswavlo centris samxreTis ofisi;
iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris saswavlo programebis (centris) yofili
direqtori (kolumbiis olqi), niu orleansi, jorjiis Stati. gamoynebulia
jon repingis nebarTviT, `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier ganxorcielebuli
SesworebebiTa da TargmniT.
191
 muxli 43. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobebis
konfidencialuroba
1. braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan
konfidencialuri da Tavisufalia.
2. konfidencialuria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde
misi urTierToba mis SesaZlo advokatTan.
3. dakavebuli an dapatimrebuli braldebulis urTier-
Toba mis advokatTan SesaZleblia SeizRudos mxolod
vizualuri meTvalyureobiT.
muxli 60. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi advokatis monaw-
ileobis gamomricxavi garemoebebi.
advokati ver miiRebs monawileobas sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi, Tu:
a) am saqmeSi monawileobda rogorc mosamarTle, nafici
msajuli, prokurori, gamomZiebeli, sasamarTlo
sxdomis mdivani, mowme an eqsperti.
b) iuridiul daxmarebas uwevs an uwevda im pirs,
romlis interesebic ewinaaRmdegeba mis mier dasacavi
braldebulis interesebs, romelsac is warmoadgens.
g) naTesauri urTierToba aqvs mosamarTlesTan,
prokurorTan, gamomZiebelTan an sxdomis mdivanTan,
romelic monawileobs an monawileobda am saqmis
gamoZiebasa Tu sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi.
klientTan urTierTobis damyareba
advokatis saqmianobis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
elementi klientebTan kargi urTierTobis damyarebaa.
klientebis ndobis mopoveba sakuTari Tavis maT adgilze
dayenebas moiTxovs. es ki moTminebis, TanagrZnobis da
urTierTobis Camoyalibebis survilTan aris dakavSirebuli.
urTierTobis damyarebisaTvis aucilebelia dadebiT ganwyoba.
jansaRi urTierToba xels uwyobs Tqveni klientis
192
interesebis kargad warmodgenas. es dagexmarebaT moipovoT
sando informacia klientisgan, rac saqmis momzadebaSi
dagexmarebaT. Tu klients Tqvendami ndobas STaagonebT,
SedarebiT advili iqneba misi darwmuneba Tqven mier
SeTavazebuliEkursis sisworeSi. am SeTxvevaSi klients
mudmivad ar dasWirdeba moiTxovos Tqvengan imis dadastureba,
rom mis saqmeze muSaobT, rasac SeuZlia Zalian didi dro
wagarTvaT. zogierTi advokati arasaTanado yuradRebas uTmobs
klientebTan urTierTobas. ufro metic, zogierTi Tvlis,
rom klienti dabrkolebebs uqmnis `sakuTari~ saqmianobis
ganxorcielebaSi. advokatebi, romlebic ase fiqroben,
dabrkolebas uqmnian saqmis warmatebiT gadawyvetas.
klientTan urTierTobis damyareba pirveli SexvedriT
iwyeba. am urTierTobis Semdgomi ganviTareba moxdeba klientTan
Semdgom Sexvedrebze. umniSvnelovanesia daumtkicoT klients,
rom mis da mxolod mis mxares xarT da rom mzad xarT
CadoT mis saqmeSi dro da energia. imdenad, ramdenadac
klientis ndobisa da pativiscemis mopoveba Tqvens qmedebazea
damokidebuli, da ara Tqvens sityvebze, SeuZlebeli iqneba
klientis sruli ndobisa da pativiscemis mopoveba masTan
pirvelive Sexvedraze. Tumca, Tu gaiazrebT amas, SeZlebT
safuZveli CauyaroT klientTan ormxrivad sasargeblo
urTierTobis Camoyalibebas Tavidanve. qvemoT ganxilulia
ramdenime sakiTxi, rac dagexmarebaT klientTan urTierTobis
dawyebasa da ganviTarebaSi. kargi iqneba, Tu am sakiTxebs
mxedvelobaSi miiRebT da gaiTvaliswinebT saqmeze muSaobis
dawyebisTanave.
icodeT Tqveni saqme da daexmareT klients gaerkves
Tqvens saqmianobaSi
klientTan pirveli SexvedrisTvis momzadebis dros
gaiTvaliswineT, rom is, rasTanac mas uwevs Sexeba, misTvis
sruliad ucxoa. maTac ki, visac warsulSi hqonia Sexeba
marTlmsajulebis sistemasTan, SesaZloa saerTod ar hqondes
warmodgena, sisxlis samarTlis sistemaze. es procesi
iqneba erTdroulad damabneveli da SiSis momgvreli Tqveni
193
klientisTvis. pirveli Sexvedris dros klientze kompetenturi
da mcodne advokatis STabeWdilebis datovebiT, gaiadvilebT
misi ndobis mopovebas.
Tqven unda uzrunvelyoT, rom klientma gaigos wayenebuli
braldebis Sinaarsi, mosalodneli sasjeli da dacvis
potenciuri mimarTulebebi. auxseniT klients, rom advokatisa
da klientis urTierToba daculia. uTxariT mas, Tu ra didi
mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom TqvenTan winaswari konsultaciis
gareSe, aravis esaubros. miawodeT klients im adamianebis
CamonaTvali, vinc Tqveni davalebiT daukavSirdeba mas.
moipoveT arsebuli dokumentebisa da angariSebis, sabraldebo
aqtis, aslebi da ganixileT isini klientTan erTad.
aCveneT klients, rom gsurT irwmunoT misi udanaSauloba
daarwmuneT Tqveni klienti, rom mis mxares xarT. da rom
Tqven mas damnaSaved ar miiCnevT.
radgan klienti Tavdapirvelad Tqven aRgiqvamT, rogorc
sistemis kidev erT monawiles, romelsac misi ar sjera. is
Tqven aRgiqvamT, rogorc adamians, romelic unda daarwmunos
sakuTar udanaSaulobaSi. is CaTvlis, rom Tu Tqven mis
udanaSaulobaSi darwmundebiT, ufro mets gaakeTebT misTvis,
vidre im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven CaTvliT, rom is damnaSavea.
Tqven unda daexmaroT mas imis aRqmaSi, rom Tqveni Zalisxmevis
xarisxi ar aris damokidebuli mis damnaSaveobasa Tu
udanaSaulobaze. Tumca, am etapze misvlamde, Tu is igrZnobs,
rom Tqven mas damnaSaved TvliT, didia imis safrTxe, rom man
gawyvitos TqvenTan urTierToba.
darwmunebuli xarT, rom gindaT hkiTxoT Tqvens klients ra moxda?
rogorc albaT ukve naTelia wina ori qveTavidan
gamomdinare, ar unda isaubroT Tqvens klientTan imaze, Tu ra
moxda misi versiiT, manam, sanam ar daamyarebT masTan saTanado
urTierTobas. advokatebs Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa imasTan
dakavSirebiT, saerTod unda hkiTxos Tu ara advokatma
klients Tu ra moxda, magram erTi ram cxadia: amis gakeTeba
194
klientTan urTierTobis adreul etapze araswori strategiaa.
klientis iZuleba mohyves misi versia advokatTan urTierTobis
Camoyalibebamde, riskebTan aris dakavSirebuli. dakvirvebulma
advokatma klientis aseT poziciaSi Cayenebis gareSe unda
SeZlos saWiro informaciis mopoveba.
Cvens klientebs ar aqvT safuZveli gvendobodnen, roca
Cven maT pirvelad vxvdebiT. maT ar ician, Tu rogor imoqmedebs
maT mier mowodebuli informacia Cvens Zalisxmevaze davicvaT
maTi interesebi. Tavdapirvelad, klienti aucileblad Tvlis,
rom Tqven ufro energiulad imuSavebT mis dasacavad, Tu
mis udanaSaulobas irwmunebT. Sesabamisad, Tqvens pirvel
Sexvedraze klients eqneba didi cduneba, dagixatoT
udanaSaulobis suraTi. es Tanabrad exeba rogorc faqtobrivad
udanaSaulo, ise damnaSave klients. maSinac ki, roca klienti
udanaSauloa, arsebobs faqtebis garkveuli versia, romelic
mis damnaSaveobaze miuTiTebs, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi is ar
iqneboda dakavebuli. am SemTxvevaSi is safrTxe arsebobs, rom
udanaSaulo klienti Seecdeba `Sealamazos~ faqtebi, raTa
ufro naTlad daxatos sakuTari udanaSaulobis suraTi.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tu pirvel Sexvedraze vaiZulebT
klients mogviyves faqtebis sakuTari versia, maRalia arazusti
informaciis miRebis albaToba. am midgomis safrTxeebi aSkaraa.
pirvel rigSi, didi albaTobaa imisa, rom klientis saqmis
momzdebis dawyebisas Tqven daeyrdnobiT arazust informacias.
meore mxriv, Tqveni klienti SesaZloa miejaWvos am araswor
versias. mas Semdeg, rac Tqven damatebiTi informaciis meSveobiT
gaarkvevT, rom Tqveni klientis Tavdapirveli versia araswori
iyo, Tqvens klients SesaZloa gauCndes survili dagarwmunoT,
rom mas tyuili ar uTqvams. man SesaZloa CaTvalos, rom Tu
Tqven mis ndobas dakargavT, igive ZalisxmeviT ar ganagrZobT
mis dacvas. amgvarad, SesaZloa aRmoCndeT rTul mdgomareobaSi,
roca Tqveni klienti daJinebiT mogTxovT amtkicoT versia,
romelic ar Seesabameba arsebul mtkicebulebebs.
Tu klients pirvelsave Sexvedraze mosTxovT mogiyveT ra
moxda, SesaZloa aiZuloT igi mohyves da miejaWvos araswor
195
versias, romlis gadaTqmevineba misTvis Zalian gagiWirdebaT.
es gaarTulebs SemdgomSic misgan sarwmuno informaciis
miRebas.
gamoiCineT mzrunveloba Tqveni klientis, rogorc adamianis
mimarT
kidev erTi ram, rac unda gadalaxoT, is aris, rom Tqveni
klienti Tvlis, rom Tqven misgan sruliad gansxvavebul sa-
myaroSi cxovrobT. es ganwyoba gaamyarebs mis gancdas, rom
Tqven da is marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxvadasxva mxares
dgaxarT. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom, savaraudod, Tqveni da Tqve-
ni klientis ganvlili gza da cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba
gansxvavebuli iqneba, aucileblad iqneba raime saerTo Tqvens
Soris. gamoiCineT mzrunveloba imis mimarT, rac Tqvens
klients awuxebs da gamoavlineT interesi misi pirovnebis
mimarT. hkiTxeT ojaxis, interesebis, cxovrebiseuli gamoc-
dilebis Sesaxeb _ ra Tqma unda, urTierTobis Zalian adreul
etapze Rrmad piraduli sakiTxebiT daintereseba ar Rirs.
aucileblad miubrundiT am Temebs urTierTobis Semdeg eta-
pebze. MmagaliTad, Tu Tqveni klienti getyvT, rom dedamisi
avad aris, dainteresdiT dedamisis mdgomareobiT Semdeg Sex-
vedraze. Tu getyviT, rom romeliRac sportul gunds gul-
Sematkivrobs, komentari gaakeTeT am gundis bolo TamaSze
Tqvens Semdeg Sexvedraze. am gziT Tqven eubnebiT Tqvens
klients, rom gainteresebT igi, rogorc adamiani.
nurasdros dadebT iseT pirobas, rasac ver SeasrulebT/iseTi
piroba dadeT, rasac SeasrulebT
Znelad Tu warmoidgenT raimes, rac ufro metad imoq-
medebs Tqveni da Tqveni klientis urTierTobis sawinaaRmde-
god, vidre piroba, romelic dadeT da ver SeasruleT. Tqveni
klienti gakvirdebaT da Tqvengan moiTxovs daumtkicoT, rom
Tqveni sityvis ndoba SeiZleba. ndobis mopovebaSi xels SegiS-
liT nebismieri piroba, Tundac Zalian umniSvnelo, ris dacv-
asac ver SeZlebT. Cveni saqmianobis Sedegebis winaswargan-
Wvretis SeuZleblobidan gamomdinare, Tqven bevrs verafers
196
SehpirdebiT klients saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. es, upirveles
yovlisa, exeba sakiTxs, rac Tqvens klients yvelaze metad
anaRvlebs: movigebT saqmes? SeZleb gamaTavisuflo?
nu SehpirdebiT klients misTvis sasurvel Sedegs imisT-
vis, rom misi ndoba moipovoT. Tu am pirobis Sesrulebas ver
SeZlebT, misi SeusruleblobiT urTierTobisTvis miyenebu-
li ziani gacilebiT ufro mZime iqneba, vidre is savaraudo
sargebeli, rac SeiZleba aseTma pirobam mogitanoT mokleva-
dian perspeqtivaSi.
meore mxriv, klientis ndobis mopovebis saukeTeso Sesa-
Zleblobaa misTvis micemuli dapirebis Sesruleba. aseTi pi-
roba SesaZloa iyos misi monaxuleba cixeSi garkveul dRes.
hkiTxeT Tqvens klients, xom ar unda vinmes daurekoT da
uTxraT, rom is kargad aris. es piroba aucileblad unda Sea-
sruloT. Tu etyviT, rom misTvis rames moiZiebT an garkveul
sakiTxs SeiswavliT, asec moiqeciT. aseTi mciredi JestebiT
Tqven moipovebT Tqveni klientis ndobas da daamyarebT masTan
saTanado urTierTobas.
miawodeT informacia siaxleebis Sesaxeb Tqvens klients da
iqonieT masTan regularuli kontaqti
erTi ram, rac SeiZleba klients TavSi utrialebdes, aris
is, rom advokats imaze meti saqme aqvs, vidre mas SeuZlia
gauZRves. Tqveni klienti ar iqneba darwmunebuli, rom Tqven
saTanado yuradRebasa da dros dauTmobT mis saqmes. sanam mis
darwmunebas SeZlebT sawinaaRmdegoSi, SesaZloa bevri dro
dagexarjoT. es gansakuTrebiT dakavebul klients Seexeba.
Tu klienti ar aris darwmunebuli, rom advokati mis saqmes
saTanado dros uTmobs, is sxvebs hkiTxavs, ra unda gakeT-
des mis situaciaSi. xalxi, visac igi rCevisTvis mimarTavs,
savaraudod, imave Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi mo-
Tavsebuli adamianebi iqnebian, vinc masaviT gaucnobierebelia
samarTalSi. amis Semdeg, Tqveni klienti telefonis zarebiT
agiklebT, raTa Seamowos gaakeTeT Tu ara yvelaferi, rac
unda gagekeTebinaT.
rCevebi, rasac is miiRebs, SesaZloa sruliad ar iyos
197
relevanturi misi saqmisTvis. Sesabamisad, Tqven damatebiTi
drois daxarjva mogiwevT imaze, rom Tqvens klients auxs-
naT, Tu ratom ar aris saWiro, an ar aqvs azri konkretuli
qmedebis ganxorcielebas mis saqmeze. amrigad, Tqven mogiwevT
klientis gadarwmuneba. es ki imazea damokidebuli, Tu rogo-
ri adamiania Tqveni klienti da ramdenad didia misi Tqvendami,
rogorc advokatisadmi, ndoba. SesaZloa klientma daiJinos
iseTi qmedebis ganxorcieleba, romlis uSedegobaSic Tqven
darwmunebuli xarT, Tumca ver SeZloT amaSi klientis darw-
muneba. isev da isev, is Tu ramdenad SeZlebT mis gadarwmune-
bas, imazea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad sjera Tqvens klients,
rom mis saqmes saTanado yuradRebas uTmobT.
rogor moviqceT, Tu pirveli SexvedrisTvis Zalian cota dro
gvaqvs
zemoT aRwerili miznebis miRweva pirvelive Sexvedraze
iwyeba. idealur SemTxvevaSi pirveli Sexvedra droSi Sez-
Ruduli ar unda iyos. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqvens klients
pirvelad sasamarTloSi xvdebiT mosamarTlis winaSe ward-
gomamde sul cota xniT adre, SeecadeT, rom am pirvelma
daCqarebulma Sexvedram urTierToba ar gagifuWoT. klientma
Tqvens mimarT ndoba ar unda dakargos imis gamo, rom Tqven
ganerviulebuli an daZabuli xarT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma
unda, 10-15 wuTi ar iqneba sakmarisi imisTvis, rom klient-
Tan saTanado urTierToba daamyaroT. ifiqreT imaze, Tu risi
miRweva SeiZleba am Sexvedraze: 1) miiRoT informacia, rac
dagWirdebaT sasamarTloSi; 2) auxsnaT klients, Tu ra xdeba
sasamarTloSi am pirvel dRes, da rodis SeZlebT masTan
xangrZliv saubars. Tqvens klients, savaraudod, bevri eqne-
ba saTqmeli TqvenTvis am pirvel Sexvedraze. is Seecdeba
yvelaferi erTad `mogayaroT~, magram Tqven ar geyofaT dro,
rom yvelaferze upasuxoT. auxseniT klients, Tu raze unda
gaamaxviloT yuradReba am pirvel Sexvedraze. auxseniT, ra-
tom aris mniSvnelovani am informaciis miReba. uTxariT, rom
male SexvdebiT da gacilebiT ufro detalurad isaubrebT
saqmeze. uTxariT, rodis Sedgeba Semdegi Sexvedra.
198
aucileblad unda auxsnaT Tqvens klients, rom advo-
katisa da klientis urTierTobis Sinaarsi saidumloa da,
rom igi ar unda esaubros aravis sxvas mis saqmeze. auxseniT
Tqvens klients, Tu ra moxdeba im dRes sasamarTloSi. auxse-
niT mas, rom im etapze gWirdebaT mxolod is informacia, rac
im etapze arsebuli sakiTxis mogvarebaSi _ savaraudod, mis
gaTavisuflebaSi dagexmarebaT. auxseniT mas, rom Tqven Zalian
gainteresebT masTan saubari, rom Zalian bevri kiTxva gaqvT,
magram axla Zalian cota dro gaqvT amisTvis.
qvemoT ixileT nimuSi: advokatis saubari klientTan maTi
urTierTobis dasawyisSi:
batono X, me gaxlavarT _________ , Tqveni advokati.
ai, Cemi savizito baraTi, sadac aris Cemi sakontaqto infor-
macia. sul Tan iqonieT es baraTi, rom yovelTvis SeZloT
CemTan dakavSireba, roca dagWirdebaT. pirvel rigSi minda
giTxraT, rom Cveni urTierTobis Sinaarsi saidumloa. iciT,
es ras niSnavs? (mieciT saSualeba gipasuxoT, Tu mas surs).
es imas niSnavs, rom Cven gansakuTrebuli urTierToba gvaqvs.
Tqven SegiZliaT miTxraT yvelaferi, rogorc Tqvens advo-
kats da me ar maqvs ufleba vinmes vuTxra Tqveni naTqvmi,
Tqveni nebarTvis gareSe. aseTi gansakuTrebuli urTierToba
Tqven aravisTan ar gaqvT, arc im pirebTan, visTan erTadac
cixeSi sxedxarT, arc SeyvarebulTan, arc ojaxis wevrebTan.
Tu Tqven saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Cem garda vinme sxvas rames
etyviT, an sxvebis TandaswrebiT ityviT rames, es adamiane-
bi SeiZleba iZulebulebi iyvnen sasamarTloSi miscen Cveneba
imis Sesaxeb, rac Tqvengan gaiges. mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven
seriozulad moekidoT am privilegirebul urTierTobas, raTa
daicvaT sakuTari Tavic da Tqveni sayvareli adamianebic. es
Tqven gicavT imdenad, ramdenadac Tqven iciT, rom SegiZliaT
yvelaferi miTxraT da rom is, rasac Tqven metyviT, saidum-
loa. Tqven sayvarel adamianebs rac Seexeba, Tu maT sasamarT-
loSi daibareben da hkiTxaven, ra ician am saqmis Sesaxeb, isi-
ni SeZleben gulwrfelad upasuxon, rom Tqven uTxariT, „Tu
199
saqmeze undaT laparaki, Tqvens advokats daurekon“. ase rom, auxseniT, Tu ratom unda SemoifargloT mxolod garkveuli
Tu vinme saqmesTan dakavSirebiT rames gkiTxavT, uTxariT, sakiTxebiT dRevandel Sexvedraze da, rom es is sakiTxebia,
rom Tqvenma advokatma gagafrTxilaT, aravisTan isaubroT rac misi ZiriTadi survilis asrulebisTvis, anu gaTavisu-
saqmeze da, rom Tu survili aqvT, SeuZliaT me damirekon. flebisTvis aris saWiro; 3) Tqven mas SeuTanxmdiT Sexvedraze
amasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? konkretul dros da dahpirdiT, rom am sakiTxebze detalu-
axla, swored im mizezis gamo, ris Sesaxebac gesaubreT, rad isaubrebdiT; 4) Tqven datoveT kompetenturi iuristis
STabeWdileba, vinaidan gaarkvieT igi samarTlebriv niuansebSi
ar minda, am xalxis TandaswrebiT visaubroT Tqvens saqmeze.
da Tavdajerebuli da organizebuli warsdeqiT mis winaSe; 5)
modiT, movicadoT, sanam marto davrCebiT. axla ar minda saq-
Tqven mas SesaZlebloba mieciT daesva kiTxvebi, Tumca Sez-
meze saubari. amasTan, bevri dro ar gvaqvs da minda yuradRe- RudeT saubris sakiTxebi; da 6) hkiTxeT ra, xom ar surda
ba im sakiTxebs davuTmoT, rac dagvexmareba dResve gagiSvaT vinmesTan dagerekaT, Tqven mas aCveneT, rom zrunavT masze da
aqedan. Cven xval SevxvdebiT da ufro detalurad visaubrebT mieciT piroba, romlis Sesrulebac SegiZliaT _ savaraudod,
saqmeze. Tu dRes gagaTavisufles, Cems ofisSi SevxvdeT. Tu pirveli aguri dadeT Tqvens Soris urTierTobis damyarebaSi.
ar gagaTavisufles, me TviTon moval Tqvens sanaxavad xvalve. axla ki mibrZandiT sasamarTloSi masTan erTad da aCveneT
axla, modiT, imaze visaubroT, Tu ra moxdeba dRes. is mas, rom misTvis da misi interesebis dasacavad muSaobT.
rac dRes xdeba, aris aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardeba. iciT, klientTan gamarTuli urTierTobis damyarebisTvis swor
ra niSnavs es?...…(esaubreT mas, raTa darwmundeT, rom mas gzas adgaxarT.
esmis risTvis imarTeba sxdoma da ra sakiTxi unda gadawy-
des). sasamarTlo mosmenis Semdeg unda davicadoT da vnaxoT
wagiyeneben Tu ara braldebas. am process mTlianobaSi Cven
xval ganvixilavT. Tu ar gagaTavisufles, Semdegi mosmena
iqneba winasasamarTlo sxdoma da Tu saWiro iqneba, amaze
xval visaubroT. dRes mWirdeba miviRo informacia, romelic
damexmareba viTxovo Tqveni gaTavisufleba dRes. rame kiTxva
xom ar gaqvT, sanam daviwyebT? (ganixileT sakiTxebi, rac mis
gaTavisuflebaSi dagexmarebaT)...
... rame kiTxva xom ar gaqvT romelime sakiTxTan dakav-
SirebiT? Tu ar gagaTavisufles, xom ar gindaT vinmes davu-
reko _ ojaxs, damqiravebels, vinme sxvas?
es klientTan advokatis saubaris mokle variantia, ro-
melic arsebuli viTarebidan gamomdinareobs. Tumca, am sau-
brisas Tqven garkveul miznebs ukve miaRwieT: 1) gaagebineT
Tqvens klients is, rac man Tavidanve unda icodes, kerZod
is, rom saqmesTan dakavSirebiT aravis unda esaubros da
auxseniT, Tu ra moxdeba sasamarTloSi dRes; 2) Tqven mas

200 201
 klientis gamokiTxvisas gamosayenebeli (gamokiTxvis dros avsebs advokati)
kiTxvebis sakontrolo CamonaTvali41
advokatis failis #:
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis #:
gamokiTxva klientis saxeli:
klientis urTierTgamomricxavi monaTxrobis miuxedavad, wayenebuli braldeba:
dacvis mxarem SesaZloa eWvqveS ar daayenos is, Tumca mow- gamokiTxvis TariRi da dro:
inaaRmdege mxare klients jvaredini dakiTxvisas ramdenime gamokiTxvis adgili:
mniSvnelovan SekiTxvas dausvams da sakmaod mZime gamocdis advokatis saxeli:
winaSe daayenebs. sasamarTlo ganxilvis moaxloebasTan erTad,
rodesac dacvis mxares ukve aqvs sasamarTloze warsadgeni piradi informacia klientis Sesaxeb
informacia, sasurvelia, gamokiTxvis garkveul etapze, man saxeli:
es informacia obieqturad gaacnos klients da moeridos sxva saxelebi (kninobiTi saxeli an metsaxeli):
misTvis dausabuTebeli optimizmis an pesimizmis safuZvlis misamarTi:
Seqmnas. telefoni (anda sakontaqto piris nomeri da saxeli):
dabadebis TariRi:
gamokiTxvisas gamosayenebeli kiTxvebis sakontrolo CamonaT-
dabadebis adgili:
vali: `samodelo~ anda `idealuri~ gamokiTxva aris infor-
macia imis Sesaxeb, rac advokatma unda miiRos klientisa- sacxovrebeli adgili piris dakavebis periodSi:
gan, imisaTvis, rom mxarem srulyofilad waradginos saqme wina sacxovrebeli adgilebi (pirvelidan ukanasknelamde):
sasamarTlo procesze, aucilebelia man gamokiTxvis etapze sacxovrebeli adgili (TariRi) -dan (TariRi) -mde
miiRos sruli informacia klientisagan.
xSirad arsebuli pirobebi pirvelad gamokiTxvaSi qvemoT ganaTleba:
CamoTvlili yvela sakiTxis mimoxilvis SesaZleblobas ar
iZleva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, kiTxvebi biografiuli monacemebisa samxedro samsaxuri:
(ganaTleba, samxedro samsaxuri, samuSao gamocdileba, ojax- SeiaraRebuli Zalebi:
uri mdgomareoba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba) da gamoZiebis samsaxuris danayofi:
detalebis Sesaxeb SesaZlebelia momdevno gamokiTxvebisaTvis samxedro samsaxuris dawyebis TariRi:
gadadoT. samxedro samsaxuris dasrulebis TariRi:
samxedro samsaxuris dasrulebis tipi:
jildoebi da medlebi:
41 klientis gamokiTxvisaTvis gamosayenebeli kiTxvebis sakontrolo
CamonaTvalis gamoyenebis uflebis moniWebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT amerikis sabrZolo operaciebSi monawileobis gamocdileba:
samarTlis instituts. teqstis Sesworeba da qarTul enaze Targmna uzrunvelyo sazRvargareT samsaxuris periodi (adgili da TariRi):
`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) hqonda Tu ara braldebuls wayenebuli brali an iyo Tu
saqarTvelos ofisma.
202 203
 ara igi nasamarTlevi samxedro danayofSi samsaxurisas? klientis samuSaos aRweriloba:
wayenebuli braldeba: xelfasi (dasawyisSi): (damTavrebisas):
ganaCeni: samuSaos dawyebis da damTavrebis TariRi: (-dan) (-mde)
ganaCenis gamotanis TariRi: samsaxuris datovebis mizezi:
sasjelis zoma, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi:
ojaxuri mdgomareoba:
mimdinare saqmianoba [ ] dasaojaxebeli
samuSao adgili (ramdenime samuSao adgilis SemTxvevaSi [ ] ganqorwinebuli
TiToeuli miuTiTeT calk-calke) [ ] qvrivi
damsaqmeblis saxeli: [ ] daojaxebuli: oficialurad [ ] araoficialurad [ ]
misamarTi: meuRle/partniori:
telefonis nomeri: saxeli:
saqmianobis tipi: misamarTi:
telefoni:
klientis uSualo xelmZRvaneli: samuSao adgili:
klientis Tanamdeboba: samsaxuris tipi:
klientis samuSaos aRweriloba: damsaqmeblis saxeli:
xelfasi (dasawyisSi): (dReis mdgomareobiT): damsaqmeblis misamarTi:
samuSaos dawyebis TariRi: damsaqmeblis telefonis nomeri:
Svili (Svilebi):
amJamad umuSevari: [ ] saxeli: asaki:
umuSevaria .... (TariRidan): saxeli: asaki:

Semosavlis sxva wyaro: mSoblebi/da-Zma

klientis mama:
wina samsaxuri saxeli: samsaxuri:
wina samsaxuri (yvela damsaqmebeli, yvelaze adreulidan calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
bolomde): calke sacxovreblis SemTxvevaSi:
damsaqmeblis saxeli: misamarTi:
misamarTi: telefoni:
telefonis nomeri: klientis deda:
saqmianobis tipi: saxeli: samsaxuri:
klientis uSualo xelmZRvaneli: calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
klientis Tanamdeboba:
204 205
 calke sacxovreblis SemTxvevaSi:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
klientis Zma (Zmebi):
saxeli: samsaxuri:
calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
calke sacxovreblis SemTxvevaSi:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
klientis da (debi):
saxeli: samsaxuri:
calke sacxovrebeli [ ] avadmyofoba [ ]
calke sacxovreblis SemTxvevaSi:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
vin gazarda klienti? miuTiTeT, Tuki bavSvobaSi mSoblebi
ganqorwinebuli iyvnen. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu klienti
mSoblebs ar gauzrdiaT, moipoveT aRmzrdeli pirebis
Sesaxeb igive informacia, rac mSoblebis SemTxvevaSi.
damatebiTi informacia:
moixmars Tu ara klienti narkotikul saSualebebs?
tipi(tipebi):
moxmarebis dawyebis TariRi:
moxmarebis sixSire dReisaTvis:
xom ar gauvlia klients narkotikebis mkurnalobis kursi,
anda raime formis detoqsikaciis programa? aRwereT:
moixmars Tu ara klienti alkohols?
alkoholis moculoba:
gadametebuli moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi, ra TariRidan:
xom ar gauvlia klients alkoholis mkurnalobis kursi,
anda raime formis detoqsikaciis programa? aRwereT:
klientis fizikuri da fsiqikuri mdgomareoba:
mimdinare fizikuri SezRuduloba:
206
mimdinare fizikuri avadmyofoba:
amJamad gadis samedicino mkurnalobis kurss:
eqimis saxeli:
misamarTi:
telefoni:
seriozuli fizikuri dazianebebi (yvelanairi dazianeba
Tavis areSi):
tipi:
mizezi:
TariRi:
hospitalizaciis SemTxvevaSi saavadmyofos saxeli,
misamarTi, qalaqi da hospitalizaciis TariRi:
iyo Tu ara klienti odesme moTavsebuli fsiqiatriul
saavadmyofoSi an/da institutSi (dawesebulebis saxeli
da adgili):
usargeblia Tu ara klients odesme fsiqiatris an fsi-
qologis momsaxurebiT (saxeli, misamarTi da telefoni):
fsiqologebis an fsiqiatrebis raodenoba:
gauvlia Tu ara klients odesme fsiqiatriuli, an fsi-
qologiuri Sefaseba (pirobebi: Semfaseblis saxeli da
misamarTi):
nasamarTloba
(yvela dakaveba, yvelaze adreulidan bolomde, bralde-
bebis CaTvliT, maT Soris mimdinare braldebebi, arasrul-
wlovan asakSi dakaveba da/an sxva iurisdiqciaSi (amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika) wardgenili braldebebi:
dakavebis TariRi:
dakavebis adgili:
wayenebuli brali:
gadawyvetileba, Tuki is sasamarTlos mier ar iyo miRe-
buli (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika):
saproceso SeTanxmeba sasamarTlo procesi mosamarTlis,
anda nafici msajulebis monawileobiT:
207
 mosamarTlis saxeli:
sasamarTlos ganaCeni (damnaSave an udanaSaulo;):
sasjelis zoma:
sasjelis Sefardebis TariRi:
advokatis saxeli:
misamarTi:
telefonis nomeri:
sasjelis xangrZlivoba:
dawesebuleba:
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis nomeri:
probaciis, anda pirobiT vadaze adre gaTavisuflebis
TariRi: -dan: -mde:
probaciis, an pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis pirobebis
darRvevisaTvis ganmeorebiT dakaveba:
probaciis oficris, anda pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis
oficris saxeli:
meored dakavebis TariRi:
darRvevis Sedegad wayenebuli brali:
gadawyvetileba:
ixdida Tu ara klienti probaciis, an pirobiT vadamde
gaTavisuflebis periods dakavebis procesSi?
probacia, an pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufleba:
zemoT CamoTvlili romeli bralis gamo (miuTiTeT no-
meri):
dakavebis momentSi xom ar mimdinareobda saqmi warmoeba
klientis winaaRmdeg?
(miuTiTeT zemoxsenebul warmoebaSi myofi saqmis nomeri):
dakavebis momentSi klienti romelime iurisdiqciis Tanax-
mad xom ar iZebneboda dakavebis mizniT?
iurisdiqcia (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika):
brali:
saidan aqvs klients informacia mis winaaRmdeg warmoebu-
li Zebnis Sesaxeb:
samarTaldamcavi uwyebis saxelwodeba (Tu cnobilia):
208
saqmeze momuSave oficris saxeli (Tu cnobilia):
mimdinare sapatimro statusi:
cixe (dasaxeleba da misamarTi):
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebuleba ( dasaxeleba da misa-
marTi):
sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebis nomeri:
girao:
sad gamocxadda:
rodis gamocxadda:
odenoba:
forma (naRdi fuli, qoneba da piradi Tavdeboba):
Tuki giraos Tanxa kompaniam dafara, miuTiTeT saxeli:
ratom dafara giraos Tanxa:
klientis mier mowodebuli informacia
sTxoveT klients qronologiurad mogiyveT mimdinare
wayenebuli braldebis Sesaxeb: ra gaakeTa, ra SeemTxva, ra
moxda, sxva vin iRebda masTan erTad monawileobas, rodis
da ra viTarebaSi moxda klientis dakaveba, aseve dakavebis
momentidan moyolebuli misi da policiis urTierTobis
Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg rac klienti daasrulebs ambis Txro-
bas, advokatma dazustebis mizniT mas damatebiTi kiTx-
vebi unda dausvas: vin, ra, ratom, rodis, sad da rogor.
gamokiTxvis dasrulebamde advokati unda darwmundes,
rom aqvs sul mcire, qvemoT moyvanili informacia:
movlenaTa ganviTarebis klientiseuli versia, romelic
safuZvlad udevs wayenebul brals, an Tuki klienti
uaryofs saqmeSi sakuTar monawileobas, sad iyo da ras
akeTebda klienti im movlenebis dros, romelTac emyareba
misTvis wayenebuli brali:
mowmeebi (miuTiTeT sasurvelia, Tu ara maTTan dauyovne-
bliv dakavSireba raime mizezis gamo):
TviTmxilveli mowmeebi, romelTa Cvenebas emyareba way-
enebuli brali (maT Soris momCivani da braldebis mxaris
mowmeebi).
209
 alibis Semqmneli mowmeebi:
mowmeebi (romelTac SeuZliaT braldebulis daxasiaTeba):
TiToeuli mowmis saxeli (sTxoveT mowmes aseve giTxraT
kninobiTi saxeli da metsaxeli):
misamarTi:
telefonis nomeri:
mowmesTan dakavSirebisaTvis gamosadegi sxva informacia
(sad muSaobs, sad dadis gasarTobad/gaerTianebis wevroba/
daxmareba da sad Rebulobs daxmarebis vauCers da sxva):
dakaveba:
vin, ra, ratom, rodis, sad da rogor:
visTan erTad iyo klienti dakavebis momentSi? sxva pire-
bic daakaves Tu ara masTan erTad? moipoveT informacia
am pirebis Sesaxeb iseve, rogorc mowmeebis SemTxvevaSi:
iyo Tu ara klienti nasvam mdgomareobaSi dakavebis momen-
tSi, an xom ar miuRia alkoholi bolo xanebSi:
iyo Tu ara klienti narkotikebis zemoqmedebis qveS, an
xom ar mouxmaria narkotikuli saSualebebi bolo xanebSi:
dakavebis momentSi klienti avad xom ar iyo:
dakavebis momentSi, an Semdgom xom ar iyo klintTan mimarTe-
baSi uxeSad mopyrobis SemTxveva (aRwereT dazianebebi):
dakavebis dro da TariRi:
dakavebis zusti adgili:
dakavebis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis saxelebi:
hqondaT Tu ara dakavebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos ganCineba
(orderi):
dakavebis safuZveli:
ra kiTxvebi dausves klients:
ra upasuxa klientma?
dakavebis momentSi an nebismier sxva dros policiam xom
ar ganaxorciela raime nivTis amoReba Tavad klientisa-
gan, misi saxlidan, samuSao adgilidan, avtomanqanidan,
klientis yofnis adgilidan, nebismieri sxva piris saxli-
210
dan, an sxva adgilidan:
amoRebuli nivTis saxeoba:
hqonda Tu ara policias Cxrekis/amoRebis Sesaxeb sa-
samarTlos ganCineba?
aRwereT ra garemoebebSi moxda nivTis amoReba:
yvela damswre piris Sesaxeb moipoveT igive informacia,
rac mowmeebis SemTxvevaSi moipoveT:
dakavebis Semdeg:
yvela adgili, sadac ganxorcielda policiis mier kli-
entis gadayvana:
TiToeul adgilze miyvanis zusti dro:
TiToeul adgilze policiis oficerTa raodenoba (ga-
moZiebaSi monawile policielebis saxelebi, wodebebi da
aRwerilobebi):
dakiTxva:
sad ganxorcielda dakiTxva?
rodis da ramdeni xani gagrZelda dakiTxva?
oficrebi, romelTac ganaxorcieles dakiTxva:
sxva damswre pirebi:
gamoyenebul iqna Tu ara sicruis testi (amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika)?
ra konkretuli kiTxvebi dasva policiis oficerma
(xSirad es braldebis mxaris poziciis dadgenis kargi
saSualebaa):
xom ar daupirispira policiam klients misi sawinaaRmdego
mtkicebulebebi?
ra mtkicebulebebi iyo gamoyenebuli:
xom ar uTqvams policias klientisaTvis imis Sesaxeb,
rom vinmem misi sawinaaRmdego Cveneba misca, anda saqmis
monawile romelime sxva braldebulma aRiara danaSauli?
vin iyo es piri:
saqmeSi monawile romelime sxva braldebulma xom ar
misca klientis sasargeblo an sawinaaRmdego Cveneba
klientis TandaswrebiT? vin iyo es piri:
211
 uTxra Tu ara klientma policias raime?
konkretulad ra uTxra:
gaakeTa Tu ara klientma werilobiTi gancxadeba?
moawera Tu ara klientma xeli am gancxadebas:
Seavso Tu ara, an xeli xom ar moawera raime anketas? ra
anketa iyo es:
gaakeTa Tu ara klientma zepiri gancxadeba?
ganxorcielda Tu ara zepiri gancxadebis videoCawera:
gakeTda Tu ara misi stenografiuli Canaweri:
akeTebda Tu ara vine Canawerebs an SeniSvnebs?
detalurad aRwereT klientis gancxadebisas dafiqsire-
buli sxva garemoebebi:
gaafrTxiles Tu ara klienti winaswar, rom:
hqonda dumilis ufleba;
mis mier gakeTebuli nebismieri gancxadeba SeiZleba gamoy-
enebuli yofiliyo mis winaaRmdeg (amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis praqtika);
hqonda advokatis moTxovnis ufleba Cvenebis micemamde;
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ar hqonda advokatis ayvanis finansu-
ri SesaZlebloba, mas dakiTxvamde daeniSneboda advokati:
ra pasuxi gasca klientma am gafrTxilebebze:
hkiTxes Tu ara klients gasagebi iyo Tu ara misTvis
yvela gafrTxileba:
klientis pasuxi:
sToves Tu ara am gafrTxilebebis Semcveli specialuri
formis xelmowera:
klientis pasuxi:
Cautarda Tu ara klients fizikuri Semowmeba, auRes Tu
ara sisxlis nimuSi. xom ar aiRes misi Tmis nimuSi, anda
davarcxnes, Cautarda Tu ara narkotikebis an alkoho-
luri testi, an nebismier sxva tipis sxeulis Semowmeba,
klienti eqimma an fsiqiatrma xom ar gasinja:
sad:
rodis:
212
aRwereT Semowmebis an gasinjvis procesi:
yvela damswre piri:
vinmes xom ar uTqvams raime Semowmebis, analizis an gas-
injvis Sedegebis Sesaxeb:
Semowmebamde an gasinjvamde klients sTxoves Tu ara Se-
sabamisi nebarTva:
gaafrTxiles Tu ara klienti imis Sesaxeb, rom hqonda
Semowmebaze uaris Tqmis, anda procesze advokatis das-
wrebis moTxovnis ufleba:
ganxorcielda Tu ara klientis raime formiT amocnoba,
sxva pirebTan erTad amocnobisaTvis dayenebiT an identi-
fikacia?
sad:
rodis:
aRwereT es procesi:
yvela damswre piri (maT Soris policia, mowmeebi, romle-
bic amocnobas axorcielebdnen, amocnobaSi monawile sxva
pirebi, saqmis monawile sxva braldebulebi):
ra ganmarteba misca policiam mowmes, romelic axor-
cielebda amocnobas:
sTxoves Tu ara klients raimes Tqma:
sTxoves Tu ara klients nebarTva amocnobis procesSi
monawileobaSi CarTvamde, anda mis identifikaciamde:
ra pasuxi gasca amaze klietma:
ganumartes Tu ara, rom hqonda uaris Tqmis, anda advoka-
tis daswrebis moTxovnis ufleba:
ra pasuxi gasca amaze klietma:
identifikaciis proceduris ganmavlobaSi xom ar sTxoves
raimes gakeTeba (gavla, raime Jestikulaciis gakeTeba,
dalaparakeba):
ra upasuxa klientma:
ganumartes Tu ara, rom hqonda uaris Tqmis ufleba?
ra upasuxa klientma:
xom ar sTxoves klients raimes gaxseneba (qvekiTxvebi
amocnobis procesisaTvis):
213
 sTxoves Tu ara klients nebarTva raime adgilis an nivTis nivTieri mtkicebulebebi42
Cxrekaze:
sad: nivTieri mtkicebulebaa is sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba
rodis: an sxva obieqti, romelic warmoSobiT, aRmoCenis adgiliTa
vin sTxova: da droiT, niSan-TvisebebiTa da masze darCenili kvaliT da-
procesis yvela damswre piri: kavSirebulia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis faqtobriv garemoe-
ra adgilis, anda nivTis CxrekisaTvis iTxoves nebarTva: basTan da SeiZleba danaSaulis aRmoCenis, damnaSavis dadgenis
ra nivTis amoRebas emsaxureboda Cxreka: an braldebis uaryofis Tu dadasturebis saSualeba iyos.
ra uTxra klients pirma, romelmac Cxrekis nebarTva karg nivTmtkicebas mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze uaRresad
sTxova: Zlieri efeqtis moxdena SeuZlia. mas SeuZlia iseTi saxiT
ra upasuxa klientma: warmoaCinos sakiTxi, rac ubralod Cvenebis micemiT SeuZle-
ganumartes Tu ara klients, rom ufleba hqonda uari beli iqneboda. magaliTad, im pirovnebis foto, vinc sikvdi-
eTqva Cxrekaze: lamde scemes, gacilebiT dramatulia, vidre mxolod imis
ra upasuxa man: aRwera, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda dazaralebuli. cxrili
Cxrekis orderis Sesaxeb xom ar uTqvamT rame? konkre- SesaZloa Seicavdes informacias, romlis aRqmac ufro advi-
lia, vidre mowmis mier cifrebis an saxelebis grZeli siis
tulad ra Tqves:
CamoTvla. iseTi dokumentebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa weri-
wina sasamarTlo procesebi: gamosula Tu ara klienti
lebi, sabanko angariSebi da a.S. mowmesTan SedarebiT damaje-
sasamarTlos winaSe:
reblobis xarisxi gacilebiT didia, radgan isini ar cruoben
rodis: da maT ar aqvT mexsierebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, Tu
ra Tqma unda, isini ar Secvales. rogorc wesi, nafici msaju-
lebi dokumentebs ufro eyrdnobian, vidre mowmis Cvenebebs,
Tu orive erTsa da imave informacias exeba.
nivTmtkicebebis upiratesoba aseve imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
mosamarTlis an nafici msajulebis yuradReba im sakiTxze
Cerdeba, romelzec prokurori/advokati msjelobs, maSin, ro-
desac es mowmis CvenebiT Zalian iSviaTad miiRweva. zepir
CvenebasTan erTad nivTmtkicebis gamoyeneba prokurors/advo-
kats saSualebas aZlevs informacia ori formiT gadasces.
rogorc winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi zemoT iyo aRniSnuli,
fsiqologiurma eqsperimentma daadastura, rom erTdroulad

42 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
214 215
yurebisa da smenis kombinirebuli efeqtiT informacia orjer
ufro kargad aRiqmeba.
nivTmtkicebebis gamoyenebis qvemoT mocemuli magaliTe-
bi aRebulia aSS-is federaluri saolqo sasamarTloebidan,
romlebic federaluri sistemis pirveli instanciis sasa-
marTloebia da sadac sasamarTlo procesebi tardeba.
nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSveba
nivTmtkiceba ori daniSnulebiT SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebu-
li. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi nivTmtkiceba mtkicebulebad dai-
Sveba. meore SemTxvevaSi, misi meSveobiT Sesavali an daskvniTi
sityvebis dros mosamarTlisTvis/nafici msajulebisaTvis be-
vri ram gacilebiT naTeli xdeba. orive SemTxveva Taviseburad
sasargebloa. Tumca, rodesac saqme gadawyvetilebis miRebamde
midis, mosamarTles an nafic msajulebs SeuZliaT ganixilon
mxolod is nivTmtkicebebi, romlebic mtkicebulebebad iqna
daSvebuli. amitom, saxelmZRvanelos es nawili swored im
nivTmtkicebebs daeTmoba, romelTa mtkicebulebad daSvebasac
mxare moiTxovs.
sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebis msgavsad, nivTmtki-
cebis mtkicebulebad daSvebas saTanado momzadeba esaWiroe-
ba. prokurorma/advokatma ara mxolod is unda gansazRvros,
Tu ra saxis nivTmtkicebebi dasWirdeba, aramed isic, Tu
romeli mowmeebi dasWirdeba am nivTmtkicebebis warsadge-
nad. brwyinvale nivTmtkiceba, romelic mtkicebulebad ver
iqneba daSvebuli, droisa da fulis fuWi xarjvaa mxolod.
prokurorma/advokatma aseve unda ifiqros imaze, Tu pro-
cesis mimdinareobis ra etapze waradginos nivTmtkicebebi.
dabolos, prokurorma/advokatma unda moamzados mowmeebi,
romelTa meSveobiTac nivTmtkicebebis wardgena moxdeba da
nebismieri sxva mowme, romelic nivTmtkicebas mowmis momza-
debisas ganixilavs.
1. moniSneT nivTmtkiceba
aucileblad moniSneT nivTmtkicebebi. magaliTad, `bral-
216
debis nivTmtkiceba #1~. mniSvneloba ar aqvs, cifrebs gamoiy-
enebT Tu asoebs, mTavaria Tqven, mowinaaRmdege mxarem da
mosamarTlem icodeT, raze saubrobs mowme, rodesac garkveul
nivTmtkicebaze uTiTebs. idealur SemTxvevaSi, moniSvna sa-
samarTlo sxdomamde unda ganxorcieldes. maSin amis gakeTeba
ufro advilic aris da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs uqmnis
STabeWdilebas, rom Tqven momzadebuli xarT. sasurvelia,
nivTmtkicebebi im TanmimdevrobiT moiniSnos, ra Tanmimdevro-
biTac, Tqveni azriT, maT procesze waradgenT.
2. uCveneT nivTmtkiceba mowinaaRmdege mxaris warmomadgenels
sasamarTlo sxdomaze prokurorma/advokatma warmodge-
nili nivTmtkiceba mowinaaRmdege mxares unda uCvenos, sanam
misi mtkicebulebad daSvebis process daiwyebdes. es Tqvens
mowinaaRmdege mxares aZlevs saSualebas survilis SemTxveva-
Si gamoTqvas nebismieri saxis protesti. amis Semdeg mowi-
naaRmdege mxares unda misceT gonivruli vada nivTmtkicebis
Sesaswavlad.
`me vuCveneb dacvis nivTmtkicebas __.~
3. sTxoveT mosamarTles mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTva
saqmeTa umravlesobaSi prokurorma/advokatma nivTmtkice-
ba mowmes unda gadasces. Tu es aucilebelia, man mosamar-
Tlisgan nebarTva unda aiRos, raTa mowmes miuaxlovdes. es
aris Tavazianoba, romelic mosamarTlis mier sasamarTlo
darbazis kontrols aRiarebs. nebarTva Semdegi saxiT unda
iyos moTxovnili:
`SeiZleba mowmes mivuaxlovde? ~
4. uCveneT nivTmtkiceba mowmes
nafici msajulebisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebamde is mt-
kicebulebad unda iyos daSvebuli. naficma msajulebma ar
unda naxon dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebi. imis uzrunvelsayo-
fad, rom es ar moxdes, sasamarTlos nivTmtkiceba mtkiceb-
ulebad daaSvebineT.
217
 5. moamzadeT safuZveli nivTmtkicebisTvis
es gulisxmobs imis dadgenas, Tu ratom unda iyos ganxi-
luli da daSvebuli nivTmtkiceba. es procesi qvemoT deta-
lurad aris ganxiluli.
6. moiTxoveT nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSveba
sanam mowme nivTmtkicebis ganxilvas SeZlebs, is mtkiceb-
ulebad unda iyos daSvebuli. am etapze prokurori/advokati
mxolod imas ambobs arsebiTad, rom mis mier warmodgenili
nivTmtkiceba mtkicebulebad dasaSvebobis moTxovnebs akmayo-
filebs da mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebisTvis safuZvels qm-
nis. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxares raime protestis gamoTqma surs,
es misi bolo SesaZleblobaa. Tu mosamarTle protests daak-
mayofilebs, mowmes am nivTmtkicebis Taobaze SekiTxvebs veRar
dausvamT. Tu protesti ar gamoTqmula an ar dakmayofilda,
SegiZliaT nivTmtkicebis irgvliv mowmis dakiTxva daiwyoT.
mtkicebulebis daSvebis moTxovna Semdegnairad xdeba: `mo-
viTxov, mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli braldebis nivTmt-
kiceba #3.~
mosamarTle mowinaaRmdege mxares ekiTxeba, xom ar surs
mas protestis gamoTqma. Tu protesti ar gamoiTqmeba an ar
dakmayofildeba mosamarTlis mier, maSin nivTmtkiceba daSve-
bulad CaiTvleba.
safuZvlis momzadeba
safuZvlis momzadeba imis dadgenas gulisxmobs, rom nivT-
mtkiceba avTenturia da rom is WeSmaritad is aris, rasac
mxare amtkicebs. amis Sesasruleblad sami moTxovna arsebobs.
(1) mowme kompetenturi unda iyos, raTa is ganixilos.
sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, mowme nivTmtkicebas unda
icnobdes da masze msjeloba SeeZlos.
(2) rogorc yvelaferi sxva sasamarTlo procesis mimdin-
areobisas, is relevanturi unda iyos.
(3) is namdvili (utyuari) unda iyos.
qvemoT mocemulia safuZvlis momzadebis magaliTi. momdev-
218
no qveTavebSi saxelmZRvanelo nivTmtkicebaTa konkre-
tul saxeobebs Seexeba.
k: q-no ekaterine, me giCvenebT dacvis nivTmtkicebas #1,
TqvenTvis is cnobilia?
p: diax.
k: ra aris es?
p: es aris 2010 wlis 23 TebervliT daTariRebuli wer-
ili, romlis avtori daTo xidaSelia, xolo adresati _
Teimuraz lomiZe.
k: icnobT Tu ara b-n xidaSelis xelmoweras?
p: diax.
k: SegiZliaT mosamarTles uTxraT, Tu saidan icnobT mis
xelmoweras?
p: me 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi misi mdivani viyavi da mis mier
xelmowerili uamravi dokumenti maqvs nanaxi.
k: dacvis nivTmtkiceba #1-is qveS visi xelmoweraa das-
muli?
p: b-ni xidaSelis.
qmedebebi, romlebic mxarem gadadga, nivTmtkicebis iden-
tificirebas emsaxureboda (misi Sesabamisoba dadgenili iqne-
boda adreuli CvenebiT an prokuroris/advokatis mxridan mt-
kicebis SeTavazebis Sedegad). prokurorma/advokatma daadgina
mowmis kompetencia, Tu saidan icnobda igi b-ni xidaSelis
xelmoweras, da mxolod amis Semdeg misca mowmem Cveneba imis
Sesaxeb, Tu visi xelmowera iyo dasmuli werilis boloSi.
mtkicebulebebis saxeebi da maTi wardgenis wesi
yvela saxis mtkicebuleba oTx kategoriad iyofa. rogorc
qvemoT iqneba naCvenebi, TiToeuli kategoriis mtkicebulebad
daSvebis procesi garkveulwilad gansxvavebulia.
1. fizikuri nivTmtkiceba
es kategoria iseT nivTebs moicavs, rogoricaa iaraRebi,
narkotikebi, tansacmeli, an nebismieri sxva ram, rac fizi-
kuri nivTia.
219
 2. sailustracio mtkicebuleba
es iseTi nivTmtkicebaa, romelic raime konkretul nivTs
gamoxatavs, magram TviTon es nivTi ar aris. aseTi saxis
mtkicebuleba dasaSvebia, rogorc arsebiTi mtkicebuleba.
mtkicebulebis am saxeobis magaliTebia fotoebi, maketebi,
rukebi, profesiuli naxazebi an kompiuteruli grafika.
3. werilobiTi mtkicebulebebi
es aris dokumentebi, rogoricaa werilebi, Tamasuqebi
da kontraqtebi. am dokumentebis dasaSvebad, rogorc zemoT
mocemul magaliTSi iyo naCvenebi, unda dadgindes maTze ar-
sebuli xelmowerebis wyaro, raTa dokumentebis utyuaroba
dadasturdes.
4. Canawerebi
aq saubaria Cveulebrivi biznes saqmianobis dros Seqm-
nil dokumentaciaze, rogoricaa korporatiuli qaRaldebi,
sabanko da sxva saxis Canawerebi. es SeiZleba moicavdes kom-
paniebis korespondencias, angariSebs da finansur angariSebs,
angariS-faqturebs da gzavnilebTan dakavSirebul doku-
mentebs, satelefono amonawerebs, Cekebs an nebismier sxva
dokuments, romelsac konkretuli biznesi awarmoebs.
nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSveba
nivTmtkicebis ori saxeoba arsebobs. pirveli aris raime
unikaluri nivTi, rogoricaa naxati, uCveulo beWedi an Tofi
seriuli nomriT. meore saxeoba Sedgeba gvarovnuli nivTebis-
gan, anu, sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, rac ar aris unikaluri,
magaliTad, narkotikebi, sisxli. pirveli saxeoba ufro mar-
tivia da masTan mimarTebaSi qvemoT mocemulia magaliTi:
k: policiis oficero grigol sarjvelaZe, Tqven aRmoaCi-
neT Tea tabiZis cxedari?
p: diax.
k: rodesac cxedari aRmoaCineT, dainaxeT Tu ara raime,
rasac mkvlelobis iaraRad miiCnevdiT?
220
p: diax. mas zurgSi dana hqonda CarWobili.
mowinaaRmdege mxarisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebisa da
mosamarTlisgan mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTvis mopovebis
Semdeg:
k: me axla giCvenebT braldebis nivTmtkicebas #1. TqvenT-
vis es cnobilia?
p: diax, es aris dana, romelic q-n tabiZes zurgSi hqonda
CarWobili, da romelic polieTilenis daluqul konteinerSi
inaxeba. luqze aRniSnulia saxeli grigol sarjvelaZe.
k: saidan iciT, rom es zustad is danaa, romelic q-ni
tabiZis zurgSi CarWobili naxeT?
p: danas Zvlis tari aqvs, xolo mis pirs ki kbilanebi.
magram rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania da risi naxvac tarze Se-
giZliaT, me Cemi inicialebi da TariRi amovkawre.
k: aris Tu ara dana imave mdgomareobaSi, rogorc is
pirvelad naxeT?
p: tarze Cemi inicialebi da TariRi aris, magram, rogorc
Cans, taridan da danis piridan sisxlia moSorebuli.
k: am gamonaklisebis garda, aris Tu ara dana imave mdgo-
mareobaSi?
p: diax.
k: moviTxov mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli braldebis
nivTmtkiceba #1.
zemoT micemul CvenebaSi SegiZliaT naxoT, Tu rogor gai-
ara prokurorma yvela is aucilebeli nabiji nivTmtkicebis
mtkicebulebad dasaSvebad. pirvel rigSi man moaxdina Sesabam-
isobis demonstrireba da daadgina, rom mowme kompetenturi
iyo Cvenebis misacemad, radgan cxedari swored man aRmoaCina.
man daadgina, rom nivTmtkiceba Sesabamisi iyo, rameTu mowmis
gancxadebiT dazaralebuls dana hqonda CarWobili. proku-
rorma mowmes misca imis demonstrirebis saSualeba, rom man
icoda, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda nivTmtkiceba gansazRvrul
dros da rom is arsebiTad igive iyo sasamarTlo procesze.
mcire gansxvavebas rac Seexeba, mowmem esec ganmarta. yuradRe-
ba miaqcieT im garemoebas, rom, savaraudod, nivTmtkicebis ms-
221
gavsi kidev uamravi dana arsebobs. policielis inicialebis an
raime sxva unikaluri niSnis gareSe dana dauSveblad iqneboda
cnobili, radgan oficeri sxva danebisgan mis garCevas analo-
giurad ver SeZlebda. ganmasxvavebeli niSnis ararsebobisas
dacvis mxarem danis mtkicebulebad daSvebasTan dakavSirebiT
protesti unda gamoTqvas, rasac Semdeg sxva ganviTareba, ker-
Zod ki, danaze Catarebuli cdebis gamokvleva mohyveba.
momdevno magaliTSi, romelic danaze arsebuli sisxlis
gamokvlevas exeba, oficeri mohyveba, Tu ra moimoqmeda sisx-
lis mtkicebulebis SesanarCuneblad. es danis daluqul md-
gomareobaSi Senaxvas moicavs. es nabiji mniSvnelovania, raTa
sisxli ar dabinZurdes an ar daikargos. Tumca danis da-
luqul mdgomareobaSi Senaxva kargi praqtikaa, mas arsebiTi
mniSvneloba am konkretul SemTxvevaSi ar eqneboda danis
mtkicebulebad dasaSvebad imdenad, ramdenadac policieli mis
amocnobas Tavisi inicialebiT yovelTvis SeZlebda. Tumca,
daluqul mdgomareobas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eqneboda im
mtkicebulebis dasaSvebad, Tu visi sisxli iyo danaze.
qvemoT mocemuli Cveneba danaze aRmoCenil sisxls exe-
ba. rodesac mxare gvarovnul nivTTan muSaobs, rogoricaa
sisxli an narkotikebi, mas imis demonstrireba moeTxoveba,
rom Cvenebis micema warmoebaSi arsebul nivTTan dakavSirebiT
xdeba. nivTi gvarovnulia, Tu mas raime ganmasxvavebeli niSniT
sxva nivTebisgan ver gamoarCevT. magaliTad, TiTqmis yvela
TeTri fxvnili erTnairad gamoiyureba. prokurorma/advoka-
tma unda daadginos, rom TeTri fxvnili, romlis mtkice-
bulebad daSvebasac is iTxovs, igive TeTri fxvnilia, ro-
melic braldebulisgan iyo amoRebuli. rodesac gvarovnul
nivTze vinme cdas atarebs, unda dadgindes, rom cda Catarda,
magaliTad, imave TeTr fxvnilze, romelic braldebulisgan
amoiRes. rodesac gvarovnuli nivTis mtkicebulebad daSvebis
moTxovna xdeba, advokatma `nivTmtkicebebis usafrTxod ga-
dacemis sistema (jaWvi)~ unda daadasturos. es jaWvi imis
dadasturebas gulisxmobs, Tu sad imyofeboda mTeli es dro
nivTi da ra mdgomareobaSi iyo is, raTa mosamarTlem icodes,
es originali nivTia Tavdapirvel mdgomareobaSi Tu man raime
222
cvlileba ganicada. qvemoT mocemuli Cveneba zemoT miTiTe-
buli mkvlelobis saqmes exeba. grZeldeba policielis da-
kiTxva, romelic ukve Cvenebis micemis procesSi iyo.
k: rodesac danaze Tqveni inicialebi dasviT, mere ra
moimoqmedeT?
p: me is polieTilenis konteinerSi Cavde da davluqe.
k: SegiZliaT plombi aRweroT, romelic gamoiyeneT?
p: es standartuli plombi iyo, romelsac departamenti
iyenebs. Cveni plombis gaxsna misi gatexvis gareSe SeuZlebe-
lia. me aseve plombze xeli movawere, raTa im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mas vinme gaxsnida, Cemi xelmowera ar SeecvalaT.
k: daluqvis Semdeg sad waiReT?
p: is TbilisSi, policiis mTavar sammarTveloSi mivitane
da specialur macivarSi movaTavse, sadac iseT nivTmtkicebebs
vinaxavT, romlebic gril temperaturas moiTxovs. me iq myofi
morige oficrisgan qviTari miviRe.
k: da ratom macivarSi?
p: imitom, rom vicodi, danaze arsebul sisxlze analizebi
unda Catarebuliyo da sisxlis nimuSebi gril temperaturaze
unda inaxebodes, raTa analizebi srulfasovnad Catardes.
amis Semdgom prokurori policiis eqspert-qimikoss, q-n
Tamar CixlaZes gamoiZaxebs. misi, rogorc sisxlze analizebis
CatarebaSi sertificirebuli qimikosis uflebamosilebisa da
gamocdilebis dadasturebis Semdeg, daiwyeba misi dakiTxva.
k: 2010 wlis 6 oqtombers imyofebodiT Tu ara policiis
mtkicebulebaTa oTaxSi TbilisSi, policiis mTavar sammarT-
veloSi?
p: diax.
k: iq ratom mixvediT?
p: mtkicebulebebis oTaxis gamge oficrisgan miviRe
satelefono zari, rom sisxlSi amosvrili dana axali mit-
anili iyo da undodaT, rom am sisxlze analizi Cametarebina.
k: rodesac dana naxeT, ra mdgomareobaSi iyo is?
p: is Senaxuli iyo polieTilenis daluqul konteinerSi,
223
romelic plombze xelmowerili iyo vinme grigol sarjvela-
Zis mier. danis taric da piric sisxlSi iyo amosvrili.
k: ra mdgomareobaSi iyo konteineri, raime dazianebis niS-
nebi xom ar etyoboda?
p: ara.
k: rodesac konteineri aiReT, sad waiReT is?
p: policiis laboratoriaSi.
k: da laboratoriaSi misvlis Semdeg ra gaakeTeT?
p: me plombi avxseni da danis tarisa da piris sxvadasxva
adgilidan sisxlis nimuSebi aviRe.
k: TiToeuli nimuSi cal-calke daaxarisxeT?
p: diax, zustad aRvniSne, Tu TiToeuli nimuSi danis ra
adgilidan iyo aRebuli. isini aseve davnomre 1-dan 10-mde,
raTa aTive aRebuli nimuSi mekontrolebina.
k: sad waiReT dana mas Semdeg, rac Tqveni nimuSebi aiReT?
p: me is polieTilenis axal konteinerSi movaTavse, dav-
luqe da plombze xeli movawere.
k: da sisxlis nimuSebze ra saxis analizebi CaatareT?
p: TiToeuli nimuSi imis dasadgenad gavsinje, sisxlis
erTsa da imave jgufs Seicavda Tu ara.
k: da ra daadgineT?
p: davadgine, rom danaze sisxlis jgufis ori saxeoba iyo.
erTi iyo `o~ dadebiTi, xolo meore ki `ab~ dadebiTi.
k: analizis dasrulebis Semdeg nimuSi sad waiReT?
p: TiToeuli nimuSi calke polieTilenis parkSi movaT-
avse, davluqe da plombze xeli movawere.
k: Tqveni analizebis Catarebis dasrulebis Semdeg dana da
sisxlis nimuSebi sad waiReT?
p: dana policiis mTavari sammarTvelos macivarSi dava-
brune, xolo sisxlis nimuSebi policiis laboratoriis
macivris erT-erT ganyofilebaSi Sevinaxe.
am mowmis Cveneba zemoT xsenebul jaWvs asrulebs. man
daadastura, rom Tan hqonda policielis mier konteinerSi
moTavsebuli dana da rodesac man procedura daasrula, dana
224
axal konteinerSi Cado, daluqa da plombze xeli moawera.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze eqspert-qimikosma Cveneba misca plombze
arsebuli xelmoweris Taobaze. man aseve daadastura, rom
analizi im sisxlze Caatara, romlis nimuSebic daluqul
konteinerSi moTavsebuli danidan iyo aRebuli. savaraudod,
mogvianebiT micemuli Cveneba aseve Seexeboda mis mier momza-
debul angariSs Catarebuli analizebisa da dazaralebulisa
da savaraudo mkvlelis sisxlis jgufebis Sesaxeb. Tu, magal-
iTad, sxva piri sisxlze damatebiT analizebs Caatarebda dnm-
is mtkicebulebis miRebis mizniT, es piri Cvenebis micemisas
aRniSnavda, rom nimuSebi amoiRo daluquli konteinerebidan,
romelzec xels Tamar CixlaZe awerda.
sailustracio mtkicebulebebi
sasamarTlo procesebze yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli
sailustracio saxis mtkicebuleba aris fotosuraTi. qvemoT
mocemulia imis magaliTi, Tu rogor xdeba fotosuraTis
mtkicebulebad daSveba.
k: nacnobia Tu ara TqvenTvis teritoria WavWavaZis
gamzirze atenisa da ramiSvilis quCebs Soris?
p: diax, nacnobia.
k: am teritoriaze ramdenad xSirad imyofebiT xolme?
p: am kvartals yoveldRe fexiT gavdivar, rodesac samsax-
urSi mivdivar da ukan vbrundebi.
k: ramdeni xania, rac amas akeTebT?
p: ukanaskneli 4 weli.
k: iciT Tu ara, rogor gamoiyureboda es kvartali 2010
wlis 14 ivliss?
p: diax.
mowinaaRmdege mxarisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebisa da
mosamarTlisgan mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTvis mopovebis
Semdeg:
k: me axla amocnobis mizniT giCvenebT dacvis nivTmtkice-
225
bas #2. Tu SeiZleba nivTmtkiceba #2 SeiswavleT da rode-
sac daasrulebT, mosamarTles moaxseneT, ra aris is.
p: es aris WavWavaZis gamziris teritoriis fotosuraTi
atenisa da ramiSvilis quCebs Soris.
k: zustad da obieqturad asaxavs Tu ara es fotosuraTi
imas, Tu rogor gamoiyureboda es teritoria 2010 wlis 14
ivliss?
p: diax.
k: moviTxov mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli dacvis nivT-
mtkiceba #2.
Tqven SeniSnavdiT sxvadasxva nabijs, romlebic advokatma
ganaxorciela. pirvel rigSi man daadgina mowmis kompetencia,
rom mas SeeZlo fotosuraTze aRbeWdil adgilTan dakavSire-
biT Cvenebis micema. rodesac advokatma mowmes nivTmtkiceba
pirvelad uCvena, mas is ukve saTanadod moniSnuli hqonda
sakuTari amocnobisa da sasamarTlo Canawerebis miznebisTvis.
amis Semdeg man mowmes sTxova daedasturebina, rom fotosura-
Ti zustad da obieqturad asaxavda teritoriis mdgomareobas
konkretuli TariRisTvis. mxolod da mxolod amis Semdeg
iTxova advokatma nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSveba. sxva
sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, nivTmtkicebebTan dakavSirebiT proku-
rorma/advokatma pirvel rigSi dasaSvebobisTvis safuZveli
unda moamzados, sanam nivTmtkicebis romelime konkretul
nawilTan dakavSirebiT SekiTxvebs dasvamdes, magaliTad imis
Sesaxeb, Tu sad idga mowme. safuZvlis momzadebis Semdeg
prokurorma/advokatma marTebulad iSuamdgomla sasamarTlos
winaSe mtkicebulebis dasaSvebad cnobis Taobaze da amis Sem-
deg daiwyo dakiTxva.
naxazis SemTxvevaSi procesi igive iqneboda. aucilebeli
ar aris, rom naxazis an fotosuraTis avtori mowme iyos.
mTavaria, rom is zustad da obieqturad asaxavdes konkret-
ul TariRze arsebul adgils, sadac da ra drosac danaSauli
iyo Cadenili.
226
audio da videoCanawerebi
zogierT saqmeSi warmodgenili iqneba audioCanawerebi,
rogoricaa faruli Canaweri (audio an video), satelefono
Canaweri da a.S. arsebobs garkveuli qmedebebi aseTi saxis
Canawerebis mtkicebulebis saxiT dasaSvebad. sxva SemTxveva-
Si isini dauSveblad iqneba cnobili. prokurorma/advokat-
ma, romelic Canaweris mtkicebulebad daSvebas iTxovs, unda
daadginos, rom Caweris dros Camweri mowyobiloba gamarTu-
lad muSaobda, rom mas kompetenturi piri amuSavebda, rom
is mTliani saubris ganmavlobaSi gamarTulad muSaobda, rom
mowmem gaigona an dainaxa yvelaferi, rac firze aRibeWda, Sem-
deg Canaweri Semowmda imis dasadastureblad, rom yvelaferi
zustad da srulad iyo Cawerili, Semdeg firi saTanadod
inaxeboda, raTa gamoricxuli yofiliyo raimes damateba,
Secvla an waSla, da rom mowmes SeuZlia CanawerSi mosau-
bre pirovnebebis xmebisa da videofirze aRbeWdili pirovne-
bebisa da mdebareobis identificireba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
Canaweris avTenturobis dadgenas SesaZloa erTze meti mowme
dasWirdes.
sasamarTlo sxdomaze mTliani Canaweris gaSveba aucile-
beli ar aris im pirobiT, rom mowinaaRmdege mxares Canaweris
sruli versia gadaeca da mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi in-
formirebulni arian imis Sesaxeb, rom sxdomaze Semoklebuli
versia iqneba gaSvebuli. aseT SemTxvevebSi, mowinaaRmdege mx-
ares SeuZlia firis is nawilebi gauSvas, romlebic gamotove-
buli iyo da romlebic, misi azriT, sasargebloa da Canawers
saTanado konteqstSi warmoaCens.
am saxelmZRvanelos miznebisTvis, gamosayenebeli swori
meTodis sademonstraciod erTi mowme iqneba gamoyenebuli.
k: oficero zviad lomiZe, SexvdiT Tu ara braldebuls
2010 wlis 20 dekembers?
p: diax.
k: es Sexvedra xom ar CagiweriaT?
p: diax.
S: ra saxis Camweri mowyobiloba gamoiyeneT?
p: `soni M327~ miniaturuli Camweri.
227
 k: braldebulTan Sexvedramde Tu gamogiyenebiaT odesme p: davbrundi Tu ara policiis ganyofilebaSi, daaxloe-
aseTi mowyobiloba? biT 45 wuTis Semdeg.
p: diax, bevrjer. k: rodesac Canawers mousmineT, zustad da obieqturad
k: am mowyobilobasTan dakavSirebiT instruqtaJi xom ar asaxavda is yvelafers, rac im Sexvedraze iTqva?
migiRiaT? p: diax.
p: diax, policiis teqnikurma personalma gakveTilebi k: Canaweris mosmenis Semdeg ra gaakeTeT?
Camitara. p: me is mtkicebulebebis specialur CanTaSi movaTavse,
k: Sexvedramde xom ar gagisinjavT gamoyenebuli mowyobi- davluqe da plombze xeli movawere.
loba? k: amis Semdeg Canaweri isev amoiReT?
p: diax, es standartuli proceduraa. p: diax.
k: is gamarTulad muSaobda? k: rodis?
p: diax. p: daaxloebiT erTi Tvis ukan, rodesac TqvenTvis da
k: Sexvedramde ramdeni xniT adre gasinjeT mowyobiloba? dacvis mxarisTvis aslebi davamzade.
p: ori saaTiT adre. k: rodesac Canawers iRebdiT, is isev daluquli iyo da
k: braldebulTan Sexvedramde Tqven piradad aamoqmedeT plombze Tqveni xelmowera isev miTiTebuli iyo?
mowyobiloba? p: diax.
p: diax. k: CemTvis da dacvis mxarisTvis damzadebuli aslebi zus-
k: Sexvedramde ramdeni xniT adre? ti da sruli iyo?
p: daaxloebiT 5 wuTiT adre, manqanidan gadmosvlamde. p: diax.
k: Sexvedris dros sad iyo mowyobiloba moTavsebuli? k: Canaweris aslebis damzadebis Semdeg ra gaakeTeT?
p: me is webovani lentiT mivimagre gulmkerdis daaxloe- p: me is mtkicebulebis CanTaSi davabrune, davluqe da
biT Sua adgilas. plombze xeli movawere.
k: am adgilas mimagrebuli mowyobiloba manamde gagisin- mowinaaRmdege mxarisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebisa da
javT an gamogiyenebiaT? mosamarTlisgan mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTvis mopovebis
p: diax, da is yvela saubars iwerda. Semdeg:
k: braldebulTan Sexvedrisas, raime dros xom ar gamo- k: me axla amocnobis mizniT giCvenebT braldebis nivTmt-
girTavT mowyobiloba? kicebas #5, Tu iciT ra aris es?
p: ara. p: es aris mtkicebulebis CanTaSi moTavsebuli originali
k: Sexvedris Semdeg ramdeni xnis gasvlis mere gamorTeT Canaweri plombze Cemi xelmoweriT.
mowyobiloba? k: moviTxov mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli braldebis
p: xuTi wuTis mere, mas Semdeg rac manqanaSi davbrundi. nivTmtkiceba #5.
k: mousmineT Canawers misi Caweris Semdeg? mosamarTle: dacvis mxare protests xom ar gamoTqvams?
p: diax. ar gaprotestebula, mtkicebulebad daSvebulia.
k: ramdeni xnis Semdeg? k: axla ki amocnobis mizniT giCvenebT braldebis nivTmt-
228 229
kicebas #5a, Tu iciT ra aris es?
p: es aris redaqtirebuli Canaweri. is ar Seicavs origi-
nalis nawilebs, romlebis waSlac Tqven damavaleT.
k: Tu SeiZleba uTxariT mosamarTles, originali Canawer-
is romeli nawilebia waSlili?
p: Tqven miTxariT wameSala originalis 5 wuTi, sanam
braldebuls Sevxvdebodi da 5 wuTi ukve Sexvedris Semdeg.
Tqven aseve miTxariT wameSala is dro, rodesac oTaxi saaba-
zanoSi gasasvlelad davtove. me aseve wavSale braldebulsa
da Cems Soris daaxloebiT 20 wuTis manZilze gamarTuli
diskusia madridis realsa da barselonas Soris gasamarTi
safexburTo matCis Sesaxeb.
k: Tu SeiZleba gauSviT nivTmtkiceba #5a. xma, romelic
axla gvesmis da romelmac pirvelma Tqva gamarjoba, vis ekuT-
vnis is?
p: braldebuls.
k: da meore xma, romelmac aseve gamarjobiT upasuxa?
p: es Cemi xmaa.
k: CanawerSi sxva xmebsac xom ar movismenT?
p: diax, daaxloebiT Sua adgilas Tqven gaigonebT, Tu ro-
gor Semovida braldebulis meuRle oTaxSi da gvkiTxa, Cais
xom ar visurvebdiT. es erTaderTi gansxvavebuli xma iqneba.
SeamCnevdiT, rom #5a nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daS-
veba moTxovnili ar yofila. es aris SemTxveva, rodesac nivT-
mtkiceba sasamarTlo sxdomaze drois dasazogad momzadda. is
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Tavidan aSorebs arafris momcem
Canawerebs Sexvedramde 5 wuTiT adre, mas Semdeg da safex-
burTo matCis Sesaxeb. prokurorma/advokatma redaqtirebuli
Canaweric ki Seuwyvetliv ar unda gauSvas. Tu CanawerSi aris
adgilebi, sadac mxareebi, magaliTad, kodur sityvebs iyene-
ben, rogoricaa 20k, rac 20 kilogram heroins gulisxmobs,
Canaweri SesaZloa SeCerdes da mowme daikiTxos imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ra igulisxmeboda kodur sityvaSi. garda amasa, saubris
garkveuli nawilebis xazgasasmelad prokurorma/advokatma
SesaZloa dasvas damatebiTi SekiTxvebi, rogoricaa `ratom
230
TqviT es?~, raTa mowmes damatebiT aTqmevinos imis Sesaxeb,
Tu im konkretul momentSi ra xdeboda. dabolos, es aseve
kargi gzaa saubris konkretul mniSvnelovan segmentze yur-
adRebis gasamaxvileblad.
Canawerebi
es aris dokumentebi, romelTa mtkicebulebebad daSve-
bac prokurors/advokats surs, da romlebzec mniSvnelovani
xelnawerebia gakeTebuli. am saxis dokumentis mtkicebulebad
daSvebis magaliTi mocemuli iyo qveTavSi mtkicebulebisTvis
safuZvlebis momzadebis Sesaxeb.
sabuTebi
rogorc wesi, sabuTebi, romelTa mtkicebulebad daSve-
basac prokurori/advokati sasamarTlo sxdomaze Seecdeba,
saqmiani sabuTebia. aSS-Si aseT sabuTebze iribi Cvenebis wesi
ar vrceldeba imdenad, ramdenadac kompania am sabuTebs Cveuli
saqmianobis reJimSi awarmoebs. amis logika imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom es sabuTebi yovelgvari gayalbebis miznis gareSe Seiqmna.
Tu prokurori/advokati fiqrobs, rom isini yalbia, mas Seu-
Zlia mosamarTlisgan mowmis jvaredinad dahkiTxvis nebarTva
iTxovos, sanam mosamarTle am mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobis
Taobaze ganCinebas gamoitans. mowinaaRmdege mxaresac SeuZlia
mogvianebiT mowme imis dasadgenad dakiTxos, rom sabuTebi
ar aris zusti. aseTi sabuTebis mtkicebulebad dasaSvebad
aucilebelia, rom vinmem misces Cveneba imis Taobaze, rom es
kompaniis oficialuri sabuTebia. es pirovneba meTvalyureo-
bas unda axorcielebdes sabuTebze, magram ar aris aucilebe-
li, rom isini misi Sedgenili iyos. marTlac, did kompaniaSi
dokumentebs sxvadasxva adamiani adgens. man mxolod is unda
ganacxados, rom sabuTebi namdvilad kompaniis sabuTebia. es
SesaZloa Semdegi saxiT gakeTdes:
k: b-no kaxaber vaSakiZe, vin aris Tqveni damqiravebeli?
p: `saqarTvelos eleqtrokompania.~
k: iq ra Tanamdebobaze muSaobT?
p: me vice-prezidentis mesame TanaSemwe var.
231
 k: am Tanamdebobaze yofnisas gevalebaT Tu ara kompaniis
sabuTebze meTvalyureoba?
p: diax.
mowinaaRmdege mxarisTvis nivTmtkicebis Cvenebisa da
mosamarTlisgan mowmesTan miaxloebis nebarTvis mopovebis
Semdeg:
k: me axla amocnobis mizniT giCvenebT dacvis nivTmtkice-
bas #2, Tu iciT es ra aris?
p: diax, es aris `saqarTvelos eleqtrokompaniis~ finans-
uri transaqciebis maCvenebeli sabuTebi.
k: romeli wlebisTvis?
p: 2009-2010.
k: aseT sabuTebs `saqarTvelos eleqtrokompania~ saqmi-
anobis Cveul reJimSi inaxavs?
p: diax.
k: moviTxov mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli dacvis nivT-
mtkiceba #2.
Semajamebeli mtkicebulebebi
winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi ganxiluli nivTmtkicebebis
bolo kategoria Semajamebeli mtkicebulebebia. mtkicebule-
bebis erTi didi jgufidan mtkicebulebaTa saTiTaod ward-
genas didi dro sWirdeba da es damabneveli da mosabezre-
belia (magaliTad, drois xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi
ganxorcielebuli gzavnilebi, ramdenime sabanko angariSze
depozitebi da angariSebidan Tanxebis gatanebi). zogadad
prokurori/advokati dainteresebuli unda iyos Sejamebuli
monacemebis da ara individualuri transaqciebis wardgeniT.
mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb aSS-is federaluri wesebis 1006-e
wesis Tanaxmad, individualuri transaqciebis Sejameba dasaS-
vebia imdenad, ramdenadac mowinaaRmdege mxares sasamarTlo
sxdomamde gadaeca ZiriTadi monacemebi. radgan Semajamebeli
mtkicebuleba SesaZloa jvaredin dakiTxvas daeqvemdebaros,
mosamarTles gadawyvetilebis misaRebad marTebuli safuZve-
li aqvs. qvemoT mocemulia imis magaliTi, Tu rogor unda
232
iyos mtkicebulebad daSvebuli Semajamebeli mtkicebulebebi.
k: Tu SeiZleba amocnobis mizniT SexedeT dacvis nivTmt-
kicebas #8.
p: diax.
k: ra aris dacvis nivTmtkiceba #8?
p: es aris `saqarTvelos erovnul bankSi~ `saqarTvelos
eleqtrokompaniis~ sabanko angariSidan 2010 wlis 1 ianvridan
2010 wlis 31 dekembramde ganxorcielebuli depozitebisa da
gatanebis Sejamebuli monacemi.
k: es nivTmtkiceba Tqven moamzadeT?
p: diax, me movamzade.
k: Tu SeiZleba agvixseniT, ra iyo Tqveni pirveli nabiji
am nivTmtkicebis momzadebisas?
p: me `saqarTvelos pirveli erovnuli bankidan~ movipo-
ve `saqarTvelos eleqtrokompaniis~ yvela sabanko amonaweri
2010 kalendaruli wlisTvis. Semdeg amonawerebidan amov-
wie kompaniis angariSze ganxorcielebuli yvela depoziti
da gatana.
k: rogorc vxedavT, #8 nivTmtkicebaze ori svetia gamo-
saxuli, erTis saTauria depozitebi, xolo meoris _ gata-
nebi da marcxniv miTiTebulia TiToeuli Tvis monacemi. Tu
SeiZleba agvixseniT, ras gulisxmobs es svetebi da rogor
gansazRvreT Sig ra cifrebi CageweraT?
p: TiToeuli Tvis depozitebi saTiTaod davajame da Sem-
deg nivTmtkicebis Sesabamisi svetis Sesabamisi Tvis gaswvriv
Cavwere. igive gavakeTe gatanebTan dakavSirebiTac. cxrilis
bolos mocemuli cifrebi zemoT arsebuli individualuri
Tanxebis ubralod dajamebuli odenobebia.
k: moviTxov daSvebul iqnes mtkicebulebad dacvis nivT-
mtkiceba #8.
rogorc xedavT, advokatma mowmes aaxsnevina, Tu raSi
mdgomareobda nivTmtkicebis arsi. Semdeg mowmem isaubra iq
mocemuli monacemebis safuZvelze. sxva sityvebiT rom vT-
qvaT, advokatma cxrilis dasaSvebad cnobisTvis safuZveli
233
moamzada, sanam mis Sesaxeb raime SekiTxvebs dasvamda. man aseve saxelebi da brZanebaTa gacemis ierarqia. es SesaZloa iyos
mowmes moaTxrobina cxrilSi mocemuli kategoriebis Sesaxeb, grafikuli gamoxatuleba, fotosuraTi, an Tqveni usazRvro
raTa es mosamarTlisTvis SekiTxvebis dasmis gareSec naTe- fantaziis nayofi. Tu es nivTmtkicebebi kargad aris momza-
li yofiliyo. mowinaaRmdege mxares SeuZlia protesti maSin debuli, mxaris azriT, mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi mosamarTlis/
gamoTqvas, rodesac cxrilis dasaSveb mtkicebulebad cnobas nafici msajulebis TvalSi SesaZloa sakmaod damajereblad
iTxoven. mas aseve SeuZlia sasamarTlos sTxovos gadawyve- gamoCndes. cxadia, arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom
tilebis mogvianebiT miReba, mas Semdeg rac is mtkicebule- cxrilebi an diagramebi zustad iyos Sedgenili, rameTu ara-
bis warmomdgeni mxaris mowmis jvaredin dakiTxvas SeZlebs. zustma nivTmtkicebam prokuroris/advokatis damajerebloba
sasamarTlo xSirad rTavs nebas mxares am etapze msgavsi SesaZloa seriozulad daazianos. am gafrTxilebis gaTval-
jvaredini dakiTxvis Casatareblad da ar icdis im momen- iswinebiT, prokurorebi/advokatebi SemoqmedebiTad unda mi-
tamde, rodesac mowme nivTmtkicebis Sesaxeb Cvenebis micemas udgnen nivTmtkicebebis Seqmnas da maT imaze unda ifiqron, Tu
daasrulebs. mowinaaRmdege mxaris perspeqtividan es ukeTesi romeli nivTmtkicebebis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli sasamarTlo
strategiaa, radgan Tu is imis demonstrirebas SeZlebs, rom procesisaTvis momzadebis etapze.
nivTmtkiceba ar aris sando, maSin am mtkicebulebidan arasa-
surveli Cvenebis miRebasac aRudgeba win.
am SemTxvevaSi cxrili pirdapiri cifrebis ubralo da-
jamebas efuZneba. Tu is eqspertizas daqvemdebarebul sfe-
ros Seicavda, rogoricaa, magaliTad, imis dadgena, Tu ra
unda iyos aqtivebad da ra pasivebad klasificirebuli, maSin
buRaltruli gamocdilebis mqone pirovnebis Cvenebis micemis
saWiroeba dadgeboda. maSin mowmes, upirveles yovlisa, saku-
Tari kvalifikaciisa da uflebamosilebis dadastureba das-
Wirdeboda, sanam imas Seexeboda, Tu rogor da ra principebze
dayrdnobiT daamzada cxrili.

dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebi
arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac prokurori/ad-
vokati gamoiyenebs nivTmtkicebas, romlis dasaSveb mtkiceb-
ulebad cnobis Sesaxeb moTxovna ar aris aucilebeli. es Ses-
aZloa iyos cxrili an diagrama, romelsac mxare Sesavali an
daskvniTi sityvis dros gamoiyenebs. magaliTad, man SesaZloa
movlenaTa qronologia warmoadginos, raTa mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs imis ukeT aRqmaSi daexmaros, Tu garkveul movle-
nebs rodis hqonda adgili da maTi yuradRebac Sesabamisad am
movlenaze SeaCeros. es SesaZloa iyos diagrama kriminaluri
sawarmos Sesaxeb, sadac naCvenebi iqneba ZiriTad moTamaSeTa

234 235
 pirdapiri dakiTxva43
prokurori/advokati faqtebs sakuTari perspeqtividan
gadmoscems da Semdeg am faqtebs Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi ka-
nons Seuxamebs im mizniT, rom mosamarTle /nafici msajulebi
gaigeben, miiReben da daixsomeben mowmeTa Cvenebebs.
pirdapiri dakiTxva sasamarTlo procesis erT-erTi umni-
Svnelovanesi stadiaa. pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros yuradRebis
centrSi unda moeqces ara prokurori/advokati, aramed _
mowme. prokurorma/advokatma misi mowmis pirdapiri dakiTxva
ise unda Caataros, rom mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yura-
dReba mowmeze iyos mipyrobili. gaxsovdeT, rom mtkicebule-
bebi modis ara prokurorisagan/advokatisagan, aramed mowmee-
bisgan. amasTan, Tqven unda uzrunvelyoT, rom mosamarTle/
nafici msajulebi yuradRebiT usmenen yvelafers, rasac Tqve-
ni mowme ambobs. Tqvens mowmes daujereben da mis Cvenebas
daimaxsovreben ara imitom, Tu rogori brwyinvale gamosvla
gqondaT Tqven, aramed misi pasuxebis xasiaTisa da Sinaarsidan
gamomdinare. swored amitom unda daxarjoT dro sasamarTlo
procesze TiToeuli mowmis mosamzadeblad.
Semadgeneli elementebi
mowmis pirdapiri dakiTxva gacilebiT metia, vidre ubra-
lo SekiTxva `Tu SeiZleba moaxseneT mosamarTles, ra moxda
2010 wlis 14 ivlisis Rames.~ Tqven, rogorc prokurorma/
advokatma unda gadawyvitoT, Tu mowmis Cvenebis romeli na-
wilia mniSvnelovani da romel nawilze gsurT yuradRebis
gamaxvileba. prokurorma/advokatma sakuTari Tavi mwerlad
unda warmoidginos, da Tu rogor SeuZlia mas, miawodos am-
bavi mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs saukeTeso gziT, raTa maT
SeZlon igrZnon da dainaxon, Tu ra moxda sinamdvileSi.
43 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
236
efeqtur pirdapir dakiTxvas aqvs garkveuli aspeqtebi,
romlebic yvela mowmisTvis erTia. kerZod:
SeinarCuneT simartive
realurad es aris sakiTxi, romelic Tqven yvela prezen-
taciis dros unda gaiTvaliswinoT. mowmem bevri ram icis,
magram mniSvnelovani mxolod ramdenime maTgania. mowmis Cve-
nebaSi yuradReba mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze unda gaamaxviloT
da naklebad mniSvnelovani gamotovoT. Tu mowmes yvelafers
aTqmevinebT, rac icis, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs SesaZloa
mobezrdeT an SeiZleba isini sulac daibnen imasTan dakavSi-
rebiT, Tu ra aris mniSvnelovani. magaliTad, TaRliTobis
Sesaxeb saqmeSi, savaraudod, araviTari mniSvneloba ar eqneba
imas, Tu erT-erT adamians TeTri perangi ecva Tu lurji, an
mziani dRe iyo Tu wvimda. es exeba TariReba da dros, zogi
mniSvnelovania da zogi _ umniSvnelo. ase rom, mxolod im
sakiTxebze moaxdineT koncentracia, rac mniSvnelovania. es
Cvenebas naklebad damabnevels da ufro efeqturs gaxdis. ara-
vis surs usminos Cvenebas, romelic dausruleblad iweleba,
radgan msmeneli fiqrobs `netav rodis gadava mniSvnelovan
sakiTxze.~ zogadad, adamianis yuradReba 15-30 wuTis Semdeg
ifanteba. Tqveni mowmis momzadebisas unda SeZloT usargeblo
masalis gacxrilva da Tqveni SekiTxvebis ise formulireba,
rom mxolod mniSvnelovani informacia iyos gadmocemuli.
mowmis Cvenebis organizeba
zogadad sasurvelia, Tu mowmeebs movlenaTa qronolo-
giuri rigis Tanaxmad dahkiTxavT. mowmis Cvenebis drosac
movlenebi zogadad qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT unda iyos
gadmocemuli, radgan adamianTa umravlesoba ase azrovnebs da
mosamarTlisaTvisac/nafici msajulebisTvisac Cvenebis gageba
da damaxsovreba ase gacilebiT advilia.
mowmis mier Cvenebis micemisas yvelaze miRebuli da lo-
gikuri Tanmimdevroba Semdegia:
237
 mowmis piradi monacemebi
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ratom aris am pirovnebis Cveneba
mniSvnelovani? mowmis piradi monacemebis wardgena swrafad
unda moxdes. magaliTad, mowmis mier Tavisi saxelis war-
moTqmisTanave unda iyos gacxadebuli, rom igi im dRes
rusTavelis gamzirisa da besikis quCis kuTxeSi imyofeboda,
rodesac imave adgilas banki gaiZarcva. aRsaniSnavia, rom im
mowmesTan mimarTebaSi, romelic mxolod imas hyveba, Tu ra
dainaxa, sruliad umniSvneloa iseTi sakiTxebis ganxilva, ro-
goricaa daojaxebulia Tu ara is, hyavs Tu ara Svilebi da
rogoria maTi moswreba skolaSi. Tu mowme aris eqsperti,
maSin mis kvalifikacias unda gaesvas xazi. eqsperti mowmis
SemTxvevaSi mis swavlasa da gamocdilebasac unda SeexoT.
realurad, mowmis wardgena mowmis tribunasTan mis ga-
mocxadebamde iwyeba. imis mixedviT, Tu pirovneba rogor
gamoiyureba, adamianebs mis Sesaxeb pirveli STabeWdilebebi
mis mier pirveli sityvebis warmoTqmamde eqmnebaT. Tu mowme
sasamarTlo darbazSi binZuri tansacmliT Semodis, TiTqos
sul axlaxan adga sawolidan, igi ver iqneba iseTive dama-
jerebeli, rogorc sxva, vinc ukeT gamoiyureba. mowme da
braldebuli maTi profesiebis Sesaferisad unda iyvnen Cac-
mulni. biznesmeni Sarval-kostiumsa da halstuxSi unda ga-
mocxaddes. amave dros, Tu avtomeqanikoss imave tansacmelSi
gamoawyobT, naTeli iqneba, rom es specialurad gaakeTeT da
amiT mowmes diskreditacias gauwevT. avto-meqanikosi sufTa
Sarvalsa da perangSi unda gamocxaddes. ar endoT mowmes an
braldebuls, rom isini saTanadod Cacmulni gamocxaddebian,
Tu mxolod etyviT: `saTanadod CaicviT~; uTxariT, Tu ra
Caicvan.
aRwereT danaSaulis Cadenis adgili
sad iyo mowme, rodesac imas akvirdeboda, ris Sesaxe-
bac CvenebaSi saubrobs? mowmemac unda aRweros danaSaulis
Cadenis adgili, detalebSi CaRrmavebis gareSe, rogoricaa
zusti manZili, dro da a.S. es sakiTxebi jvaredin dakiTxvaze
wamoiweva, xolo pirdapiri dakiTxvisas mxolod ambis gad-
238
mocemas Seaferxebs. zogierTi prokurori/advokati fotos an
sxva nivTmtkicebebs iyenebs, raTa danaSaulis Cadenis adgili
aRweros, maSin, rodesac sxvebs miaCniaT, rom amiT yuradReba
ifanteba da xsenebuli meTodis gamoyeneba Cvenebis bolosken
jobs, radgan is mowmis Cvenebas ajamebs. danaSaulis Cad-
enis adgilis aRweris mizania mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
miewodoT adgilmdebareobis suraTi, sanam Cvenebis moqmedebis
Sesaxeb nawilze gadaxvalT. Tu iseT nivTebs gamoiyenebT, ro-
goric aris foto, sqema, naxazi uzrunvelyaviT, rom mowmem
Tavad aRweros isini. magaliTad, rodesac igi adgils aRwers,
Tqven SegiZliaT mowmes sTxovoT fotoze, sqemaze, naxazze
es adgili gaCvenoT. amiT nivTmtkiceba gacilebiT gasagebi,
damajerebeli da saintereso iqneba.
moqmedeba
moqmedeba mowmis Cvenebis umTavresi nawilia. magaliTad,
mas Semdeg rac mowmis adgilmdebareoba daadgineT danaSaulis
Cadenis adgilze, SegiZliaT dakiTxva ganagrZoT Semdegnairad:
k: Tqven TqviT, rom 14 ivliss aT saaTze rusTavelis
gamzirisa da besikis quCis kuTxeSi iyaviT. raime xom ar
moxda im dRes, ramac Tqveni yuradReba miipyro?
p: diax.
k: ra iyo pirveli, rasac yuradReba miaqcieT?
p: me iaraRidan srolis xma gavigone.
k: miixedeT Tu ara iqiTken, saidanac srolis xma ismoda?
p: diax, xma bankidan modioda.
k: da ra dainaxeT?
p: davinaxe, Tu rogor morboda bankidan ori mamakaci ia-
raRebiT xelSi.
dakiTxvis tempis regulirebiT prokurors/advokats
SeuZlia mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs agrZnobinos, Tu ra
xdeboda realurad. es aseve mowmis Cvenebis is segmentia, ro-
melzec prokurorma/advokatma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos.
umniSvnelovanesi garemoeba, anu mowmis mier bankis mZarcvele-
bis danaxva SesaZloa sul ramdenime wami grZeldeboda, magram
239
prokurorma/advokatma es situacia kontrolis qveS, Sene-
lebul moqmedebaSi unda warmoaCinos. prokurorma/advokat-
ma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs unda miawodos TiToeuli
detali da xazi gausvas maT mniSvnelobas saqmisaTvis. amis
Semdeg prokurorma/advokatma unda dasvas kiTxvebi TiToeuli
braldebulis aRweris mizniT, imis Sesaxeb, agrZelebdnen Tu
ara isini srolas (Tu ase iyo), ra mimarTulebiT mirbodnen,
Casxdnen Tu ara manqanaSi da moZraobda Tu ara es manqana ru-
sTavelis gamzirze gadaWarbebuli siCqariT. sxva sityvebiTrom
vTqvaT, prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
unda daanaxos, Tu ra moxda. am teqnikis efeqturad warmoCe-
nisTvis aucilebelia, rom mowmis sasamarTlo procesisTvis
momzadebisas mas xazgasmiT ganumartoT, rom kiTxvebs usminos
da mxolod imas upasuxos, ris Sesaxebac ekiTxebian.
isaubreT martivi eniT
es gafrTxileba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rodesac
nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo tardeba. Tqven unda uzru-
velyoT, rom maT gaigon Tqveni SekiTxvebi da mowmis pasu-
xebi. zogierT prokurors/advokats da mowmes hgonia, rom
isini ubralo da pirdapiri sityvebis nacvlad didi, rTuli
sityvebis an frazebis gamoyenebiT adamianebze STabeWdilebas
axdenen. es ar aris marTali da metic, es msmenels yuradRe-
bas akargvinebs. prokurorma/advokatma Tavis mowmeebs maTi
momzadebis dros unda miuTiTos, rom maT martivi eniT isau-
bron da Tavi Seikavon iuridiuli Jargonisagan an teqnikuri
terminologiisgan, Tu amis saWiroeba ar dgas. Tu mowmem
unda gamoiyenos teqnikuri terminebi, raTa, magaliTad, mec-
nieruli eqsperimentis Sedegebi aRweros, darwmundiT, rom
terminebis ganmarteba maTi gamoyenebisTanave moxdes. arc erT
mosamarTles/nafic msajuls ar surs uxerxulad igrZnos
Tavi imis gamo, rom ar esmis Tu raze saubrobs mowme, da es
maT aRizianebs. metic, prokurori/advokati CvenebiT verafers
daamtkicebs, Tu mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs araferi esmiT.
qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi imisa, Tu ra unda gavakeToT
da ra _ ara.
240
cudia. `gisargebliaT Tu ara SemTxveviT, raTa masTan
gesaubraT?~
kargia. `odesme gisaubriaT masTan?~
cudia. `ramdeni xania, rac aseTi saqmianobiT rom xarT
dakavebuli?~
kargia. `ramdeni xania, rac avtomeqanikosi brZandebiT?~
cudia, rogorc pasuxi. `me Cemi manqanis gamosasvleliT
visargeble da Semdeg braldebuls mivuaxlovdi.~
kargia. `Cemi manqanidan gadmovedi da braldebulTan mi-
vedi.~
cudia. `ara braldebulma, aramed merabma moaxdina angari-
Sis damatebiT debetireba.~
kargia. `ara braldebulma, aramed merabma gamoitana fuli
specialuri angariSidan.~
Ria daboloebis SekiTxvebis gamoyeneba
qarTuli da amerikuli samarTlis Tanaxmad, mimaniSnebeli
SekiTxvebis dasma mowmeTa pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros dauS-
vebelia. SekiTxva mimaniSnebelia, rodesac kiTxva konkretul
pasuxs moicavs. magaliTad, `marTalia Tu ara, rom bankis
erT-erTi mZarcveli 175 sm. simaRlis iyo?~ an `banki, romli-
danac isini gamorbodnen, saqarTvelos banki iyo, marTalia?~
pirdapir dakiTxvaze es SekiTxvebi ase unda dasmuliyo: `ra
simaRlis iyvnen bankis mZarcvelebi?~ da `romeli bankidan
gamorbodnen isini?~ meore magaliTad mocemuli SekiTxva
dasaSvebia, Tu mowmem ukve ganacxada, rom man dainaxa bankidan
gamoqceuli mZarcvelebi. Tu SekiTxvaSi imas SeexebiT, razec
mowmem ukve Cvenebis micemisas isaubra, es mimaniSnebel kompo-
nentad ar CaiTvleba. marTlac, umjobesia, Tu mowmes Semdeg
SekiTxvas micemuli Cvenebis gaTvaliswinebiT davusvamT, da
ara ubralod mudmivad hkiTxavT `da Semdgom ra moxda?~ es
SekiTxva dasaSvebia, Tu mas Zalian xSirad ar gamoiyenebT.
misi mudmivad gamoyeneba Cvenebas mosabezrebels xdis. mowmis
mier ukve micemul Cvenebaze momdevno SekiTxvebis ageba marT-
lac kargi teqnikaa, radgan es imis gameorebis SesaZleblobas
241
gaZlevT, rac gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa TqvenTvis. magali-
Tad: `Tqven TqviT, rom bankis mZarcvelebi Tavis manqanaSi
Casxdnen da iseTi siswrafiT gaqandnen, rom quCaSi kinaRam or
moxuc qalbatons daejaxnen. romeli mimarTulebiT moZrao-
bdnen isini?~ SekiTxvis pirvel nawilSi Tqven mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs SeaxseneT, rom bankis mZarcvelebi kinaRam
or moxuc qalbatons daejaxnen.
mieciT mowmes axsnis SesaZlebloba
Tu mowme ityvis raimes, rac gaugebaria, an gamoiyenebs
termins, romlis mniSvnelobac Tqveni azriT mosamarTlem/
naficma msajulebma SesaZloa ar icodnen, Tqven mas pasuxi
unda aaxsnevinoT. es ise unda gakeTdes, rom mowmes ar Sercx-
ves an ise ar gamoCndes, TiTqos man ar icoda raze saubrobda,
raTa misi damajerebloba eWv qveS ar dadges. magaliTad,
damabneveli pasuxis Semdeg SegiZliaT ikiTxoT: `ukacravad,
pasuxis es nawili ver gavige, Tu SeiZleba amixseniT.~ an,
teqnikuri terminis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, `Tqven gamoiyeneT
abreviatura `dnm~ ra igulisxmeba masSi?~ mosamarTle/nafi-
ci msajulebi madlierni iqnebian imisaTvis, rom nebismieri
gaugebroba aRmoifxvras da teqnikuri termini ganimartos.
gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi faqtebis Sejamebis mizniT
mTel rig faqtebze muSaobisas prokurorma/advokatma
unda gaiTvaliswinos nivTieri mtkicebulebebis, maT Soris,
cxrilebis, sqemebis naxazebis gamoyeneba. es gansakuTrebiT
exeba SemTxvevebs, rodesac saqmeSi didi raodenobis saxelebi
an cifrebi figurirebs, rac SesaZloa damabneveli da mosabez-
rebeli iyos. analogiurad, danaSaulis Cadenis adgilis aR-
werisas sasargeblo iqneboda diagramis gamoyeneba, romelzec
miTiTebuli iqneboda sxvadasxva adgili. aRniSnuli nivTmt-
kicebebis gamoyeneba mowmis ambavs gacilebiT aRqmads gax-
dis. Cvens magaliTze, diagramaze asaxuli unda iyos quCa,
romelzec banki iyo ganTavsebuli, adgili, sadac mowme idga,
mimarTuleba, saiTkenac mZarcvelebi gaiqcnen da a.S. rogorc
ukve aRvniSneT, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis, cxrilebisa da di-
242
agramebis gamoyenebisas mowmem unda axsnas, Tu ra kavSiri aqvs
mocemul nivTmtkicebasTan. kerZod, mowmem am nivTmtkicebis
gamoyenebiT unda miuTiTos faqtebze da axsnas detalebi saq-
mis irgvliv.
did cifrebTan urTierTobisas, magaliTad, TaRliTo-
bis saqmeze, gamoiyeneT nivTmtkiceba, romelic sxvadasxva
sakiTxebs ajams, rogoricaa angariSidan Tanxis gatana an
Tanxis Setana. aseTi saxis saqmeebSi zogadad mniSvnelova-
nia dajamebuli Tanxebi da ara individualuri Senatanebi an
gatanebi. es meTodi mosamarTlisaTvis/nafici msajulebisaT-
vis aRsaqmelad ufro advilia.
mousmineT pasuxebs
saxelmZRvanelos avtori araerTxel Seswrebia pro-
cesze SemTxvevas, rodesac prokurori/advokati kiTxvebs us-
vams mowmes winaswar momzadebuli TanmimdevrobiT. am dros,
prokurori/advokati ar aqcevs yuradRebas, rom mowmis pasuxi
is ar aris, rasac igi moeloda, da rom saWiroa damatebiTi
SekiTxvebi mowmis pasuxis asaxsnelad. qvemoT mocemulia re-
aluri magaliTi, Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes, rodesac advokati
mowmis pasuxebs ar usmens.
kiTxva: ramdeni Svili gyavT?
pasuxi: sami.
kiTxva: aqedan biWi ramdenia?
pasuxi: arc erTi.
kiTxva: da gogoebi gyavT?
dabolos, dakiTxvis dros mowmesTan daamyareT vizual-
uri kontaqti. es mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs daanaxebs,
rom Tqven gainteresebT pasuxebi da es interesi maTac ga-
daecemaT. es aseve qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom mowme ubralod
winaswar momzadebuli scenaris mixedviT ar moqmedebs.
moamzadeT mowme (ebi)
marTalia, mowmis momzadebis zogierTi sakiTxi ukve mimov-
ixileT, magaliTad, rogoric aris mowmis Cacmuloba. Tumca,
arsebobs mowmis momzadebis kidev sxva aspeqtebi, romlebsac
unda SevexoT.
243
 bevri mowme sasamarTlo darbazSi arasodes yofila da
amitom isini garkveulwilad, SeSinebulni arian. prokurorma/
advokatma mowmes unda auxsnas mis gamosvlasTan dakavSire-
buli procedura. unda daiwyoT imiT, Tu sad unda mivides
mowme; sad unda moicados, sanam Cvenebis misacemad gamoiZaxe-
ben da ra moxdeba mas Semdeg, rac igi sasamarTlo darbazSi
Seva. amaSi igulisxmeba isic, Tu sad dgas mowmis tribuna,
rodis xdeba ficis micema da a.S. acnobeT mowmes, rom mas Sem-
deg, rac kiTxvebis dasmas daamTavrebT, mas jvaredini wesiT
dahkiTxaven. auxseniT, ra aris jvaredini dakiTxva da Tqveni
azriT, romelia mosalodneli kiTxvebi, romelTac mas daus-
vamen jvaredini dakiTxvis etapze. mowmem aseve unda icodes,
rom araferia cudi imaSi, Tu sasamarTlo procesamde igi
prokurors/advokats Sexvdeba mis CvenebasTan dakavSirebiT,
da rom Tu mas jvaredin dakiTxvaze aseTi Sexvedris Taobaze
SeekiTxebian, man is unda aRiaros.
arsebobs garkveuli sasargeblo miniSnebebi imasTan da-
kavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda iqceodes mowme. es gulisxmobs
ara imas, Tu ra unda Tqvas man, aramed imas, Tu rogor unda
moiqces igi mowmis tribunasTan. am miniSnebebis mizania, rom
mowmem sasamarTlo darbazSi Tavi gacilebiT komfortulad
igrZnos da zustad gadmogvces is informacia, rac misTvis
cnobilia gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. warmogidgenT
sasargeblo miniSnebis ramdenime magaliTs:
1. TqviT simarTle, es yvelaze mniSvnelovania. im SemTx-
vevaSic ki, Tu pasuxi uxerxulia TqvenTvis an mxarisT-
vis, romelmac mowmed gamogiZaxaT, mainc simarTle unda
TqvaT.
2. Tu SekiTxvas ver gaigebT, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin das-
va is (mosamarTlem, prokurorma, advokatma), aucile-
blad gaameorebineT.
3. Tu SekiTxvas ver gaigebT, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin das-
va is (mosamarTlem, prokurorma, advokatma), aucile-
blad aaxsnevineT. am gafrTxilebebis erT-erTi mizezi
is aris, rom Tu mowme marCielobs imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ras exeboda SekiTxva, igi SeiZleba Secdes. Semdgom
244
ise Cans, TiTqos mowmem SekiTxvas Tavi aarida, maSin
rodesac man SekiTxva ubralod ver gaigo.
4. Tu dagisves SekiTxva, romlis Semdeg mxareebma erTma-
neTSi ikamaTes (romelime mxarem daayena protesti) da
am kamaTis gamo dagaviwydaT SekiTxvis arsi, aucile-
blad gaameorebineT.
5. ar imarCieloT! Tu pasuxi ar gaqvT, ubralod TqviT
`ar vici~.
6. Tu raime informacia dagaviwydaT, ubralod TqviT rom
dagaviwydaT. nebismier adamians SeiZleba daaviwydes
raRac, rac odesRac icoda.
7. yovelTvis iyaviT zrdilobiani da pativiscemiT gam-
sWvalulni yvelas, maT Soris meore mxaris mimarT.
8. usmineT, Tu ras gekiTxebian da upasuxeT mxolod ima-
ze, rasac gekiTxebian; nebayoflobiT ar gasceT is in-
formacia, rasac ar gekiTxebian.
9. jvaredin dakiTxvaze mzad iyaviT, raTa prokurors/ad-
vokats ar daeTanxmoT. Tu is, rasac igi ambobs mcdar-
ia, TqviT amis Sesaxeb da gaeciT marTali informacia,
mxolod ecadeT es zrdilobiani formiT gaakeToT.
10. SekiTxvas Tavi ar aaridoT an ar ecadoT mas ar upa-
suxoT. mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi savaraudod
dauSveben, rom marTali pasuxi kidev ufro uaresia,
vidre is realurad aris.
11. Tu raime uxerxulis Sesaxeb gekiTxebian, kiTxvaze
mainc pirdapir unda upasuxoT. Tu amas ar izamT,
prokurori/advokati gaagrZelebs imave sakiTxze kiTx-
vebis dasmas da gamoCndeba, rom Tqven ara mxolod Tavs
aridebT pasuxis gacemas, aramed am sakiTxs azviadebT
da mas kidev ufro uxerxuls xdiT.
12. Tu gaCveneben dokuments, romelic bolo dros an ma-
namde ar ginaxavT, dauTmeT dro mis wakiTxvas, sa-
nam mis Sesaxeb kiTxvebs upasuxebT. Tqven gaqvT amis
ufleba. Tu prokurori/advokati gekiTxebaT dokumen-
tis/nawilis Sesaxeb, romelsac ver ixsenebT doku-
mentebis/dokumentis wakiTxvis Semdeg, sTxoveT migiTi-
245
 ToT konkretul dokumentze an dokumentis nawilze,
romelzec kiTxvas gisvamT.
13. Tqven ar xarT valdebuli daeTanxmoT dokumentis
mxariseul interpretacias. Tu ar eTanxmebiT, TqviT,
rom Tqven mas ase ar ganmartavT da TqviT, Tu ras gu-
lisxmobs Tqveni azriT konkretuli dokumenti.
14. Tu gesaWiroebaT dokumentis naxva, raTa misi Sinaarsi
gaixsenoT, moiTxoveT is. aravis aqvs imis molodini,
rom yovel dokuments zepirad SeiswavliT.
15. Tu me an Cemi mowinaaRmdege mxare kiTxvas gavapro-
testebT, ar upasuxoT mas manam, sanam mosamarTle
sakiTxs ar gadawyvets. Tu mosamarTle protests daak-
mayofilebs, ar upasuxoT kiTxvas, miuxedavad imisa,
is me davsvi Tu mowinaaRmdege mxarem. Tu mosamarTle
protests ar daakmayofilebs, kiTxvas unda upasuxoT.
16. kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas daxmarebisTvis mosamarTles
an me nu mogvmarTavT.
17. Tu gkiTxes, ganixileT Tu ara prokurorTan/advoka-
tTan erTad sasamarTlo procesamde Tqveni Cveneba,
dadebiTad upasuxeT _ rom Tqven saqmeSi arsebuli
faqtebi ganixileT da giTxres yovelTvis simarTle
geTqvaT.
18. rodesac Cvenebis micemis Semdeg mowmis tribunas da-
tovebT, iyaviT Tavdajerebuli da ara guldamZimebuli.
19. dabolos, prokurorma/advokatma unda hkiTxos mowmes,
SeiZleba Tu ara sasamarTlo procesze Tavi iCinos
raimem, rac uxerxuli iqneba mowmisTvis an mxaris
poziciisTvis. Tu aseTi ram arsebobs, prokurors/ad-
vokats SeuZlia amis Sesaxeb mowmes pirdapir dakiTx-
vaze SeekiTxos da mowmes misces SesaZlebloba, raTa
potenciurad uxerxuli informacia axsnas.
zemoT mocemuli sia ar aris amomwuravi. met gamocdile-
basTan erTad prokurori/advokati dainaxavs sxva proble-
mebs, romlebsac SesaZloa mowmeebi waawydnen. Tu erT mowmes
aqvs raime problema, arsebobs didi albaToba, rom momavalSi
sxva mowmec imave problemis winaSe aRmoCndes. es sia aris
246
ubralod saSualeba, raTa mowmeebTan dakavSirebul momaval
problemebs warsuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze gavumklavdeT.
sasamarTlo procesamde prokurorma/advokatma TiToeul
mowmesTan erTad unda ganixilos, Tu ra iqneba misi Cvenebis
arsebiTi nawili. prokurorma/advokatma unda gadaxedos mow-
mis mier manamde gakeTebul yvela gancxadebas da hkiTxos
mowmes, arsebobs Tu ara kidev raime informacia, rac misTvis
cnobilia. prokurorma/advokatma unda gaiaros mowmesTan yve-
la kiTxva, romelsac igi procesze dasvams, raTa naxos, aris
Tu ara pasuxebi iseTi, rasac igi eloda. uCveulo ar aris,
rom mowmem ver gaigos prokuroris/advokatis mier dasmuli
SekiTxva. mowmis momzadeba swored is etapia, rodesac es
sakiTxi unda gairkves. kiTxva ise unda iyos xelaxla formu-
lirebuli, rom sasamarTlo procesze mowmem gaigos, Tu ra
informaciis miRebas elis prokurori/advokati.
saqmeSi arsebuli susti mxaris aRiareba
Tu mowmem icis iseTi ram, an warsulSi adgili hqonda
iseT movlenas, ramac SesaZloa mowmis damajerebloba daazia-
nos, es im mxarem unda gamoaaSkaravos, romelic mowmis pirda-
pir dakiTxvas atarebs. es mowmis problemas sasurveli saxiT
warmoaCens da im STabeWdilebas aqarwylebs, TiTqos proku-
rori/advokati raimes damalvas cdilobs. saqmeSi arsebuli
susti mxaris gamoaSkaraveba prokurorisTvis/advokatisTvis
strategiuli sakiTxia. man unda gansazRvros, wamoswevs Tu
ara mowinaaRmdege mxare am faqts jvaredini dakiTxvis dros.
prokurorma/advokatma unda Seafasos sisustis gamoaSkara-
vebis riski imasTan mimarTebaSi, rac mowinaaRmdege mxarem ar
icis, an rac SesaZloa jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gamoaSkara-
vdes. qvemoT mocemulia potenciur problemebTan gamklavebis
ori magaliTi:
kiTxva: fotoebis daTvalierebis dros Tqven amoicaniT
braldebuli fotoze?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: ratom, ara?
pasuxi: rogorc Can, Cems mier nanaxi fotos Semdeg igi
247
sagrZnoblad gasuqda.
an
kiTxva: b-no daviT, miiCqarodiT Tu ara rusTavelis
gamzirze 14 ivliss, daaxloebiT 10 saaTze?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ratom?
pasuxi: eqimTan vizitze magviandeboda.
Tu gadawyvitavT saqmeSi arsebuli susti mxaris aRi-
arebas, es unda gaakeToT mowmis Cvenebis SuaSi, rac nakleb
STabeWdilebas tovebs mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze, vidre
maTi gamoaSkaraveba Cvenebis dasawyisSi an dasasruls.
daskvna
mowmis pirdapiri dakiTxva unda dasruldes Zlierad. mag-
aliTad, Tu mowme braldebulia, maSin bolo kiTxva unda
iyos:
kiTxva: dabolos, b-no daviT, Tqven gaZarcveT banki, ris
CadenaSic brali gedebaT?
pasuxi: araviTar SemTxvevaSi!
an
kiTxva: dabolos, q-no mowmev, sruliad darwmunebuli
xarT, rom vinc Tqven 2010 wlis 14 ivliss dainaxeT bankidan
gaqceuli iaraRiT xelSi, braldebuli iyo?
pasuxi: diax, darwmunebuli var.
248
mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi eqspertis
mowmed mowvevis Taobaze44
sakanonmdeblo baza
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 144-e muxliT,
eqspertizis daniSvnis safuZveli, romlis pirveli nawilis
Tanaxmad, `Tu mecnierebis, teqnikis, xelovnebis saTanado
dargis an ama Tu im xelobis eqspertTa monawileobis gareSe
SeuZlebelia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone faqtobriv
garemoebaTa dadgena, aseve Tu sxeuls an informaciis Semcvel
obieqts aCnevia saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone kvali, niSani
an Tavisebureba, romlis sworad gageba da aRqma specialuri
codnis gareSe SeuZlebelia, tardeba eqspertiza~. amave
muxlis me-5 nawilis Tanaxmad, `eqspertizis Catarebis
Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi da dacvis mxaris mimarTvaSi aRiniSneba
eqspertizis daniSvnis safuZveli, eqspertis winaSe dasmuli
kiTxvebi, saeqsperto dawesebulebis dasaxeleba an im piris
gvari, romelsac daevala eqspertizis Catareba~.
eqspertis pirdapiri dakiTxva
pirdapiri dakiTxva SeiZleba da unda iyos iseTive ST-
ambeWdavi, rogorc sasamarTlo procesis sxva Semadgeneli
nawilebi. nafici msajulebis yuradRebis SesanarCuneblad
Tqven pirdapir unda gadaxvideT ZiriTad sakiTxebze da miuTi-
44 mocemuli masala gamoyenebulia sesil kuhne III-s (Cecil C. Kuhne
III) saxelmZRvanelodan „procesis monawileTa saxelmZRvanelo eqsperti
mowmeebis Taobaze~, amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro ufleba, 2006. es
masalebi gamoyenebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa
da garigebebis ganyofilebis nebarTviT, misamarTi: copyright@abanet.org.
igi Seiqmna pirvelwyaros redaqtirebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad, qarTul
kanonmdeblobasTan da praqtikasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad da
qarTulad TargmanisTvis amerikis iuristTa asociaciis (ABA ROLI) mier
da es cvlilebebi ar asaxavs pirvelwyaros avtoris, sesil kuhne III-is da
arc amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mosazrebebs. winamdebare masala momzadda
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis narkotikebisa da
samarTaldamcavi organoebis sakiTxTa biuros (INL) dafinansebiT.
249
ToT eqspertis yvelaze relevantur kvalifikaciebze. eqsper-
tis daskvnis Sesaxeb yvela kiTxvebi winaswar unda ganisaz-
Rvros da eqspertis gamocdileba da eqspertiza aRiniSnos
saTanado formiT.
eqspertis daskvnebi damajereblad unda aixsnas da am
daskvnebis safuZvlebi ganimartos naTlad da martivad, gas-
agebi formiT. Tuki SesaZlebelia, grafikebi, diagramebi da
sxva damxmare sademontracio saSualebebi unda iyos gamoyeneb-
uli prezentaciebis ufro sainteresod warmosadgenad. gansa-
kuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba, Tu Cvenebis bolos, garkveuli
saxis Semajamebeli grafiki iqneba gamoyenebuli nafici msa-
julebisTvis eqspertis daskvnebis Sesaxseneblad.
mTavari Tema
eqspertis pirdapir dakiTxvas, ra Tqma unda, aqvs faqtebis
damdgenis Tqveni klientis sasargeblod darwmunebis mizani.
magram am miznis qveS Tqven yovelTvis unda moiazrebdeT
konkretuli eqspertis mxridan TqvenTvis Cvenebis micemis
moTxovnas mtkicebulebis Sesaqmnelad.
Tuki samecniero, teqnikuri da sxva specializebuli cod-
na daexmareba faqtebis Semfasebels mtkicebulebis gagebaSi
an faqtebis gansazRvraSi, eqspertad kvalificrebulma mowmem,
codnis, unarebis, gamocdilebis, momzadebis an ganaTlebis
safuZvelze, SeiZleba Cveneba misces daskvnis an sxva saxiT,
Tu (1) Cveneba saTanado faqtebs da monacemebs emyareba, (2)
Cveneba sarwmuno principebis da meTodebis Sedegia da (3)
mowmem gamoiyena saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesabamisi
principebi da meTodebi.
aucilebelia, rom eqsperts hqondes daskvnis misaRebad
saWiro adekvaturi safuZvlebi, romlis Sesaxebac man Cveneba
unda misces. samecniero CvenebisTvis, es SesaZloa moicavdes
imis dadasturebas, rom eqsperti flobs adekvatur cod-
nas konkretul sferoSi an ganaxorciela kvleva am sfer-
oSi. arasamecniero CvenebisTvis Tqven unda moaxdinoT imis
demonstrireba, rom eqsperts aqvs sakmarisi gamocdileba an
250
konkretuli sakiTxis sakmarisi codna.
eqspertma Tavisi daskvna unda moamzados Seswavlili
faqtebis an monacemebis safuZvelze. maSinac ki, rodesac
eqsperts aqvs Sesabamisi codna an gamocdileba misi Cvenebis
saganTan dakavSirebiT, man aseve unda gamoiyenos sando meTodo-
logia am daskvnis misaRebad.
eqspertis daskvnebi unda iyos procesisa da damxmare faq-
torebis gonivruli Sedegi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es SesaZloa yovelTvis ar iyos sa-
Wiro, pirdapirma damkiTxavma eqspertisgan unda moipovos yve-
la is faqti, romlebic safuZvlad udevs eqspertis daskvnas.
jvaredin damkiTxavzea aseve mowinaaRmdege mxaris daskvnaSi
problemebisa da winaaRmdegobebis aRmoCenis tvirTi.
Tqveni eqspertis momzadeba pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis
mowme eqspertebma unda gaacnobieron, rom miuxedavad
imisa, rom mxarisaTvis sasargeblo Cveneba sasurvelia, maT ar
unda SeiTavson advokatis roli. gamokveTilad mikerZoebuli
Cveneba male kargavs Tavis efeqts da Zalian susti xdeba
jvaredini dakiTxvis SemTxvevaSi.
Tavidanve mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos Tu ra gansxvavebebi
arsebobs Tqvens eqspertsa da Tqvens oponents Soris da Tu
aseTi arsebobs, daakompensiroT is kvalifikaciebiT. Tqvesa
da Tqveni oponentis eqspertebs Soris nebismieri gansxva-
veba, iqneba es titulSi, midgomebsa da stilSi, unda aR-
niSnoT. Tu Tqvenma eqpsertma airCia meTodologia, romelic
sxva eqsperts ar aqvs da Semdeg miuTiTa amaze. darwmundiT,
rom Tqveni eqsperti maqsimalurad gamomxatvelobiTia, iyenebs
saintereso grafikebs da saubrobs Cveulebrivi sasaubro le-
qsikiT.
251
 Cvenebis Sinaarsi
Tqveni eqspertis pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis mosamzadeblad
ramdenime momenti unda gaiTvaliswinoT:
 Tqven eqsperts aucileblad unda gaacnoT misi dakiTx-
vis gegma, raTa man icodes Tu ra sakiTxebs moicavs,
ra faqtebi dadgindeba da ra signalebs gamoiyenebT
Cvenebis mimarTulebis samarTavad.
 eqsperti unda daikiTxos imitirebul garemoSi imave
stiliT, rasac is gamoiyenebs sasamarTloSi. kiTxvebi
unda dalagdes imave TanmimdevrobiT, rogorc warmod-
genili iqneba sasamarTlo ganxilvisas, magram unda
gadmoices sxvagvari teqstiT, ise rom saubars spon-
tanuri saxe hqondes.
 eqsperts unda SeeZlos axsnas da ganmartos nebismieri
teqnikuri termini, romelsac gamoiyenebs sasamarT-
loSi. es cnebebi unda Seesabamebodes teqnikur le-
qsikonebs da sxva miTiTebiT masalebs.
 Tqven unda ganixiloT eqspertis Teoriebi detalurad
da warmoadginoT yoveli kuTxiT. eqspertis Teorie-
bi ar unda iyos mxolod sicocxlisunariani, aramed
STabeWdileba unda moaxdinos mosamarTlesa da nafic
msajulebze Tavisi gulwrfelobiT da erTiani mid-
gomiT.
 Tqven unda moamzadoT eqsperti, raTa man SeZlos mis
kvalifikaciasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebze pasuxis
gacema.
 Tqven aseve unda ganumartoT eqsperts, ramdenad deta-
luri unda iyos misi pasuxebi.
 nebismieri realuri da sademonstracio mtkicebule-
bebi detalurad unda iqnes ganxiluli, aseve is kiTx-
vebic, romlebic Tqven SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT dasadas-
tureblad.
252
gadmocemis stili
eqsperts efeqturad unda hqondes kontaqti mosamarTles-
Tan da nafic msajulebTan. warmogidgenT ramdenime rCevas.
eqsperti:
 unda warmodges stendTan komfortulad da ara gaS-
eSebuli;
 frTxilad unda iyos, rom ar gamovides mfarvelis
rolSi;
 unda ecados, isaubros pirdapir, naTeli da martivi
terminebiT;
 unda ecados iyos pozitiuri da mtkice, magram ara
zedmetad Tavdajerebuli;
 unda SeinarCunos profesiuli qceva, nerviuli ma-
nerebis gareSe;
 unda Caicvas akuratulad da situaciis Sesaferisad;
 unda mimarTos mosamarTles da nafic msajulebs da
sakmarisad xmamaRla imisTvis, rom maT gaigon naTqvami.
Tqveni eqspertis pirdapiri dakiTxva
kvalifikaciis damtkiceba
arsebobs Tqveni eqspertis kvalifikaciis damtkicebis ori
ZiriTadi strategia _ tradiciuli midgoma da kumulatiuri
midgoma.
tradiciuli midgoma
tradiciuli midgoma iTvaliswinebs iseTi Cvenebis
warmodgenas, romelic aRwers yvela diploms, sertifikats,
licenzias, publikacias, profesiul wevrobas da sakvalifikacio
gamocdilebas, romelic eqsperts odesme miuRia. Tavidanve
kvalifikaciebis CamoTvlis es meTodi yvelze usafrTxoa da,
rogorc wesi, unda gamoiyenoT Tuki eqspertis kvalifikaciis
gasaCivrebis realuri Sansi arsebobs.
rodesac irCevT tradiciul strategias an amas
253
sasamarTlo moiTxovs, sasamarTlos diskreciaSia dagrToT
neba, waikiTxoT biografia da Semdeg uSualod eqspertTan
daazustoT aris Tu ara relevanturi kvalifikaciebi. am
teqnikis safrTxe imaSi mdgomareobs, rom nafici msajulebis
yuradReba SeiZleba gaifantos. naficma msajulebma SesaZloa
martivad daiviwyon konkretuli kvalifikaciebi, romlebic
eqspertis daskvnebis mTavari safuZvelia.
praqtikuli miniSneba
eqspertis ganaTlebis Sesaxeb detalebis warmodgenisas,
ikiTxeT „zustad asaxavs es Tqven ganaTlebasa da
kvalifikacias?~ mas Semdeg rac mowme dageTanxmebaT, Tqven
SegiZliaT ganagrZoT Semdegi fraziT, „modiT, axla gadavideT
Tqvens samuSao gamocdilebaze~.
Semdeg waikiTxeT eqspertis samuSao gamocdilebis aRwera,
maT Soris funqciebi da movaleobebi konkretuli poziciisTvis
da daasruleT Semdegi kiTxviT, „Cem mier wakiTxuli nusxa
detalurad asaxavs Tu ara Tqvens profesiul gamocdilebas?~
Tqven Semdeg SegiZiaT ganagrZoT imave stilSi sxvadasxva
kategoriis gamocdilebasTan mimarTebiT, romelsac efuZneba
eqspertis kvalifikacia. TiToeuli kategoriis warmodgenis
Semdeg mowmis CarTva arRvevs mTeli avtobiografiis kiTxvis
monotonurobas.
am midgomis kidev erTi upiratesobaa is, rom Tqven zrdiT
eqspertis Cvenebis zegavlenas imis gansazRvriT, rom eqsperti
kvalificirdeba konkretul sakiTxebze daskvnis momzadebaSi.
kumulatiuri midgoma
kumulatiuri midgoma moicavs eqspertis kvalifikaciebis
Tavdapirvel mimoxilvas, romelic Semdeg ivseba damatebiTi
detalebiT, radganac Cveneba viTardeba ZiriTad sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. mosamarTle da nafici msajulebi afaseben am
midgomas, radganac amiT izogeba dro da amasTan, SenarCunebulia
interesi. avtobiografiis kiTxvis monotonuroba SesaZloa
Semcirdes kvalifikaciis sxvadasxva kategoriis wakiTxviT da
mowmisgan garkveuli CarTvebis warmarTviT.
254
kumulatiuri midgomis strategiaa, Tavidan acilebul
iqnes grZeli, gawelili gamosvla eqspertis kvalifikaciis
detalebTan dakavSirebiT da nacvlad amisa eqspertis
konkretul daskvnasTan dakavSirebiT mtkicebulebebi iqnes
warmodgenili. es strategia ufro damajerebelia, radganac
eqspertis kvalifikacia konkretul sakiTxTan mimarTebiT
dgindeba ama Tu im sakiTxze konkretuli daskvnis warmodgenamde.
eqspertis kvalifikaciebis CamoTvla
drois dazogvis mizniT, advokatebi xSirad ubralod
ganmartaven, rom mowinaaRmdege eqsperti kvalificiuria.
magram mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokati iSviaTad iRebs aseT
gancxadebas, radganac rac ufro met informacias iReben
nafici msajulebi eqspertis kvalifikaciaze, miT metad
damajerebeli xdeba maTi Cveneba.
Tqven momzadebuli unda iyoT imisTvis, rom winaaRmdegoba
gauwioT drois dazogvis am strategias. gTavazobT pasuxs,
„vafaseb ra advokatis mxridan Cemi eqspertis aRiarebas,
vTvli, rom naficma msajulebma meti unda gaigon Cveni
eqspertis kvalifikaciaze, raTa saTanadod Seafason daskvnis
sandooba. magram vici Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania drois
dazogva, mokled mogaxsenebT~.
eqspertis ZiriTadi kvalifikaciis Sejamebebi SeiZleba
waukiTxoT nafic msajulebs nacvlad avtobiografiasTan
dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi kiTxvebisa. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT
eqspertis mxridan mokle CarTvebi uzrunvelyoT mowmis
kvalifikaciis yoveli kategoriis CakiTxvis Semdeg.
mokled gadmocema
rogorc wesi, pirdapiri dakiTxvis saukeTeso strategiaa
sakiTxze swrafi gadasvla. eqspertis kvalifikaciis dadgenis
Semdeg Tqven unda ganagrZoT kiTxvebiT imis warmosaCenad, Tu
ratom moiwvieT es eqsperti.
k: eqimo smit, ganixilavT Tqvens Tavs paTologiis eqspertad?
255
 p: diax, asea.
k: Cven gvinda Tqveni daskvna movisminoT am saqmesTan da-
kavSirebiT. mogvawvdiT Tqven daskvnas gonivruli samedicino
albaTobiT?
p: ra Tqma unda.
k: sanam Tqven daskvnaze gadavalT. msurs, mokled gesau-
broT Tqveni ganaTlebisa da momzadebis Taobaze. xom mogva-
wodeT Tqveni avtobiografia, es asea?
ecadeT Tqveni gamosvla iyos mokle, naTeli da swrafi,
imis gamotovebis gareSe, rac SesaZloa gamodges eqspertis
daskvnis safuZvlebis gansamartad. mokled gadmocema
aucilebelia, radganac Tqvenma eqspertma gavlena unda
moaxdinos da Tqven ar unda gsurdeT am gavlenis Semcireba
zedmeti detalebis miwodebiT. zedmetoba SesaZloa mosawyeni
iyos nafici msajulebisTvis da wamoWras sakiTxebi, romlebic
ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi jvaredini dakiTxvisas. ufro metic,
sxva detalebi, romlebsac emyareba Tqveni eqspertis daskvnebi,
ufro STambeWdavi iqneba jvaredini dakiTxvisas kiTxvebze
pasuxis saxiT.
daskvnasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis kontroliTa da
CarTvebiT Tqven naklebad ganapirobebT protests imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom marTavT mowmes. ufro metic, momdevno
kiTxvebi kiTxvebisa da pasuxebis etaps warmoadgens naklebad
repeticiis formiT.
Tavmdabloba
eqspertis mxridan mcire Tavmdabloba kvalifikaciebis
aRwerisas kargad moqmedebs nafic msajulebze:
k: Tqven sikvdilis mizezebis damdgeni eqsperti xarT?
p: radganac cota ar iyos zedmetobaa ijde aq da
acxadebde, rom eqsperti xar, neba miboZeT gangimartoT, Tu
ras vgulisxmob eqspertSi. vgulisxmob adamians specialuri
gamocdilebiTa da codniT. rogorc aRvniSne, medicinis
doqtori var. specialuri momzadeba gaviare saeqsperto
256
paTologiaSi da am sferoSi vmuSaob oc welze metia. Cavatare
ori aTasze meti autofsia sikvdilis mizezebis da formis
dasadgenad da gamovaqveyne 16 publikacia, romlebic daibeWda
samecniero JurnalebSi sami saxelmZRvanelos damatebis saxiT.
am gagebiT eqsperti gaxlavarT.
k: Tqven sisxlis komponentebis eqsperti xarT?
p: radganac cota ar iyos zedmetobaa ijde aq da acxa-
debde, rom eqsperti xar, neba miboZeT giTxraT, Tu ras
vgulisxmob eqspertSi. me vgulisxmob adamians specialuri
gamocdilebiTa da codniT.
rogorc aRvniSne, vmonawileobdi klinikur ganxilvebSi,
rasac mohyva mTavrobis mxridan sisxlis komponentebis damt-
kiceba. am TvalsazrisiT me eqsperti var.
Tu Tqven saubrobT adamianze, vinc muSaobs laborato-
riaSi da sacdel WurWelTan, me namdvilad ar gaxlavarT es
adamiani.
nafici msajulebis ganaTleba
eqspertis erT-erTi udidesi wvlili nafici msajulebis
informirebaSi mdgomareobs. rac ufro meti konkretika Seaqvs
eqsperts sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, miT ufro damajerebeli xdeba
is:
k: xom ver ganumartavdiT nafic msajulebs: ra aris pa-
Tologia?
p: paTologia daavadebis kvlevaa. is, rogorc wesi, or
vrcel kategoriad iyofa. anatomiuri paTologia, romelic
moicavs autofsiis paTologiasa da qirurgiul paTologias.
da aseve citopaTologia, romelic ujredis detalebs Seis-
wavlis.
k: SesaZlbelia batoni holdersis koronaluri arteriis
slaidebis xilva?
p: diax.
k: gvaqvs sasamarTlo darbazSi mikroskopi?
257
 p: diax, gvaqvs.
k: gangvimarteT, ras vxedavT am slaidebze.
kompleqsuri sakiTxis ganxilvisas analogiebi saganmana-
Tleblo procesis mniSvnelovani nawilia.
k: aRwereT risgan Sedgeba sisxlis kolti.
p:koltis ori ZiriTadi komponenti arsebobs. tromboc-
itebi individualuri Semadgeneli nawilebia da SeiZleba aRi-
weros rogorc agurebi aguris kedelSi. sisxlis koltis Tx-
evadi nawili, romelic Sedgeba qimiuri nivTierebebisgan, bad-
isgan. es iqneba, rogorc agurebis duRabi. is Tavdapirvelad
siTxea, magram Semdeg myardeba da qmnis duRabs, romelsac
fibrini ewodeba.
k: SegiZiaT ganumartoT nafic msajulebs, ra aris sae-
qsperto paTologia?
p: saeqsperto paTologia paTologiis erT-erTi mimar-
Tulebaa, romelic sikvdilis gamomwvev mizezebs ikvlevs gv-
amebis SeswavliT. autofsias atarebs eqspert-paTologi sax-
elmwifos an ojaxis moTxovniT, rogorc wesi, sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeebze da zogierT samarTlebriv sistemebSi samo-
qalaqo samarTlis saqmeebzec. eqspert-paTologebs sTxoven
aseve gvamis identificirebas.
sityva saeqsperto (forensics) momdinareobs laTinuri
sityvidan forensis, rac forums niSnavs.
k: ra aris saeqsperto paTologi?
p: eqspert paTologi medicinis doqtoria, romelmac
momzadeba gaiara anatomiur paTologiaSi da specializacia
saeqsperto paTologiaSi.
„srulad kvalificiuri~, eqspert-paTologisTvis arse-
buli moTxovnebi gansxvavdeba qveynebis mixedviT. eqspert-pa-
Tologi, rogorc wesi, atarebs autopsias/sikvdilis Semdgom
gamokvlevas sikvdilis mizezebis dasadgenad. autopsiis Ses-
axeb angariSi moicavs daskvnebs Semdeg sakiTxebze: paTolo-
giuri procesi, dazianeba an daavadeba, romelic pirdapir
iwvevs an provocirebas uwevs mTel rig movlenebs, rac Tavis
258
mxriv sikvdils ganapirobebs (aseve sikvdilis meqanizmad wo-
debuli), rogoricaa tyviiT miyenebuli Wriloba TavSi, sisx-
ldena dartymiTi Wrilobis Sedegad, koronaruli arteriis
avadmyofobiT gamowveuli miokardiuli infarqti da sxva)
da sikvdilis forma, sikvdilTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebi,
romlebic samarTlebriv sistemaTa umravlesobaSi Semdegia:
 mkvleloba;
 sicocxlis mospoba gaufrTxileblobiT;
 bunebrivi sikvdili;
 TviTmkvleloba;
 afeTqeba.
autofsia aseve sikvdiliT gamowveuli sxva sakiTxebis
garkvevis saSualebas, rogoricaa kvalis mtkicebulebebis Se-
groveba an daavadebulis identobis dadgena. ikvlevs da doku-
menturad afiqsirebs Wrilobebs da dazianebebs, autofsiisas
da klinikur pirobebSi gamokvlevisas. agrovebs da mikros-
kopulad ikvlevs qsovilis nimuSebs (histologia) bunebrivi
daavadebis arsebobs an ararsebobis dasadgenad da sxva mik-
roskopiuli aRmoCenebisTvis, rogoricaa azbesturi sxeulebi
filtvebSi an asafeTqebeli nivTierebis kvali cecxsasroli
iaraRiT miyenebuli Wrilobis irgvliv.
agrovebs da ganmartavs sxeulis qsovilebis da fluid-
ebis toqsikologiur analizs SemTxveviT dozis gadametebis
an ganzraxi mowamvlis qimiuri mizezebis dasadgenad.
eqspertis daskvna
dabolos, eqspertis daskvnis mTavar nawils. Tqven, pirvel
yovlisa, unda hkiTxo eqsperts, aqvs Tu ara mas daskvna da
Tu dadebiTad gipasuxebT, Tqven unda hkiTxoT daskvnis Si-
naarsi:
k: Tqven momzadebaze, gamocdilebaze, kvelavaze da am
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Tqveni mimoxilvis Canawerebze dayrd-
nobiT gaqvT Tu ara daskvna dazaralebulis sikvdilis mizez-
Tan, akavSirebiT?
259
 p: diax, maqvs.
k: ra daskvna gaqvT?
p: gonivruli samedicino varaudis farglebSi vfiqrob,
rom is grdaicvala ventrikularuli fibrilaciiT. es riTmi
Canda kardiogramaze. da es gamowveuli iyo misi koronaruli
arteriis mZime daavadebiT, rac kargad aRweres paTologiaSi.
mas aReniSneboda mZime koronaruli aTerosklerozi or ar-
teriaSi, maT Soris sasicocxlo arteriaSi. mas, savaraudod,
hqonda gamokveTili iSemia, romelic avtofsiisas fibroziT
dadasturda da am iSemiam gamoiwvia sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi
ariTmia.
k: ginaxavT Tu ara Tqveni karieris ganmavlobaSi amgvari
sikvdilis magaliTebi?
p: faqtobrivad yovelTvis amas vxedav. samwuxarod, Cven
amas vxvdebiT im adamianebSi, romlebmac ician, rom aqvT mZime
koronaruli daavadeba da maT emarTebaT iSemia da iRupebian.
da Cven amas vxvdebiT pacientebSi moulodneli mZime aT-
eroskleroziT.
eqsperti eyrdnoba faqtebs da monacemebs, romlebic misT-
vis xelmisawvdomi gaxda sasamarTlo ganxilvamde. ufro
metic, eqsperti SeiZleba daeyrdnos dauSvebel faqtebs an
monacemebs, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom isini gonivrulad
gasaTvaliswinebelia dasayrdnobi daskvnebis momzadebisas da
eqspertis mxridan am sferoSi Carevisas.
Tumca kanoni, Zala scildeba dokumenturi mtkiceb-
ulebis farglebs. is saSualebas aZlevs eqsperts TavianTi
daskvnebi daamyaron, magaliTad, aRunusxavi eqsperimentebis
Sedegebs, romelTa Sesaxebac maT gaiges sxva eqspertebT-
an sakiTxis ganxilvisas. sasamarTloebi farTo diskrecias
itoveben am sferoSi, magram isini xSirad gansxvavdeba eqsper-
tis gadawyvetilebisgan wyaros sandoobis Sesaxeb, romelzec
isini TavianT daskvnebs afuZneben.
am wesis Tanaxmad, sasamarTlos gareT gakeTebuli
gancxadebebi, romlebic gamoiricxa rogorc Wori, SesaZloa
mtkicebulebad iqnes daSvebuli eqspertis daskvnis safuZv-
lis demonstrirebis mizniT. faqtebisa da monacemebis far-
260
glebis gafarToebis tendenciam, rasac eqspertebi eyrdnobian,
Seamcira mravali teqnikuri saCivari sasamarTlo ganxilvisas.
Tqven ufro martivad SegiZliaT ganamtkicoT Tqveni
eqspertis daskvna gamoqveynebuli da privatulad gavrcele-
buli dokumenturi mtkicebulebebis warmodgeniT, im pirobiT,
rom Tqveni eqspertis daskvnas iziareben am sferos gamor-
Ceuli specialistebi. am wesis Tanaxmad (da aRniSnuli gam-
onaklisebiT cnobil traqtatebze), eqspertma unda moiZios
teqnikuri literatura CvenebisTvis mtkicebulebebis Sesa-
Tanxmeblad.
ra ganixila eqspertma
pirdapiri dakiTxvisas mniSvnelovania informaciis yvela
im wyaros Sejameba, romlebic Tqvenma eqspertma ganixila
daskvnis gamotanamde. mniSvnelovania darwmundeT, rom Tqven
eqsperts yvela xelmisawvdomi Canaweri gadaeciT da arc erTi
ar darCenila gadadebuli an damaluli. es aseve miuTiTebs
imaze, rom eqsperti keTilsindisieria da daskvnamde mivida
xangrZlivi ganxilvis da Zalisxmevis Sedegad:
k: modiT, axla visaubroT im konkretul masalebze, rac
Tqven ganixileT am saqmesTan mimarTebiT. yvela Canawers gae-
caniT rac xelmisawvdomi iyo msxverplTan dakavSirebiT?
p: me yvela im Canawers gavecani, rac gadmomeca. vfiqrob,
rom yvela xelmisawvdomi masala gadmomeca.
k: gadaxedeT autofsiis daskvnas?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT samedicino kvlevis samsaxuris Canawerebs?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT kardiogramas?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT policiisa da gamomZeblis Canawerebs?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT msxverplis samedicino anketas?
p: diax.
261
 k: gadaxedeT eqim medea maTiaSvilis Cvenebas?
p: diax.
k: gadaxedeT eqim giorgi mdivanis Cvenebas?
p: diax.
k: xelmisawvdomi Canawerebis safuZvelze gviTxariT, Tu
SeiZleba, msxverplisa da misi samedicino istoriis Sesaxeb.
hipoTeturi kiTxvebis dasma
Tqven SeiZleba gsurdeT, rom eqspertma Tavisi daskvna
daamyaros an pirad codnaze an hipoTetur kiTxvebSi asaxul
faqtebze. am iurisdiqciaSi zogadi wesi imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom unda arsebobdes sakmarisi faqtebi, ukve asaxuli mt-
kicebulebaSi an mowmis mier gamJRavnebuli, misi dakiTxvis
Sedegad mixvedrebiTa da gaanalizebiT.
hipoTeturi kiTxvebi taqtikurad mniSvnelovania sa-
samarTlo ganxilvisTvis, im iurisdiqciaSic (rogoric fed-
eraluri sasamarTloebia), sadac es aRar moiTxoveba. hipo-
Teturi kiTxvebi SesaZleblobas iZleva efeqturad Sejamdes
da nafic msajulebs waredginos faqtebi, romlebic Tqvens
pozicias uWers mxars. zogadad aucilebelia, rom arsebobs
sakmarisi faqtebi im mtkicebulebebSi, romlebic amyarebs
varaudebs, romlebsac hipoTeturi kiTxvebi emyareba. hipoTe-
turi kiTxva ar unda moicavdes iseT faqts, romelic ar aris
mtkicebulebaSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac dasabuTebuli
garantia arsebobs imisa, rom es faqtebi warmodgenili iqneba
mogvianebiT Semdgom stadiebze.
faqtebi, romlebic hipoTeturad aris navaraudevi, ar
aris udavo. TqvenTvis dasaSvebia ivaraudoT faqtebis mdgo-
mareoba, romlebic Tqven gamarTlebulad migaCniaT mtkiceb-
ulebis doneze da romelic mowmes saSualebas aZlevs moamza-
dos dasabuTebuli pasuxi.
hipoTeturi kiTxvebi yovelTvis sasamarTlo ganxilvamde
unda momzaddes, manamde aRmoCenil faqtebze dayrdnobiT. es
faqtebi SeiZleba Seivsos sasamarTo ganxilvisas, Tu dam-
262
atebiTi mtkicebulebebi da daSvebebi gaamyarebs. Tqven unda
gqondeT hipoTeturi situaciebis analogebi, imisaTvis, rom
mosamarTlem mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatma da Tqvenma mowme
eqspertma SeZlos midevneba, rodesac Tqven gaaxmovanebT hi-
poTetur faqtebs.
mas Semdeg, rac mowme daeTanxmeba hipoTetur kiTxvebze
pasuxis gacemas, Tqven unda aRweroT movlenebis ganviTareba
naTeli da logikuri gziT, myari faqtobrivi mtkicebule-
bebiT. gasaCivrebis da Sewyvetis Tavidan asarideblad Tqven
dokumenturad unda daamtkicoT TiToeuli faqti, magaliTad
miuTiToT werilobiTi Cvenebis konkretuli gverdi.
yovelTvis roca Tqvens TxovT eqsperts konkretuli
faqtis ganxilvas, romelic konkretuli dokumentiT dastur-
deba, is unda gamoqveyndes da moxseniebul iqnes Sesabamisi
TvalsaCinoebis nomerze miTiTebiT. Tuki faqti werilobiTi
Cvenebidan aris, miuTiTeT Cvenebis mimcemis saxeli, Cvenebis
micemis TariRi da werilobiTi Canaweris Sesabamisi gver-
di. es uzrunvelyofs mtkicebulebiT safuZvels TiToeuli
faqtisTvis, romelsac daemyareba eqspertis daskvna, nafici
msajulebisTvis ukve wardgenili mtkicebulebebis Sexsenebi-
sas.
varaudebi, rasac hipoTeturi kiTxvebi emyareba, ufro me-
tad damajerebeli iqneba Tu sadavo faqtebi aRreulia arasa-
dao faqtebTan. yovelTvis aris arasadavo faqtebi, romlebic
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos hipoTeturi kiTxvebis formuli-
rebisas. sadao da arasadao faqtebis aRrevis mizania is, rom
nafici msajulebi gadaixaron imisken, rom miiRon Tqveni in-
terpretacia sadavo faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac xedaven
Tu rogor esadageba es faqtebi udavo faqtebs.
daskvnis miReba Semajamebel sakiTxze
pirdapiri dakiTxvisas Tqven SeiZleba mowmes Semdegi
kiTxva dausvaT: „im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT rac axla me
Tqven agiRwereT da Tqveni eqspertuli gamocdilebis safuZ-
velze, gaqvT Tu ara daskvna dasabuTebuli mecnieruli varau-
263
diT, rom am produqtis dizainma ganapiroba momCivanis da-
zianebebi?~ rodesac Tqveni eqsperti dadebiT pasuxs gagcemT,
Tqven unda hkiTxoT, „raSi mdgomareobs Tqveni daskvna?~ da
Semdeg, ra Tqma unda, moiTxovoT am daskvnis mxardamWeri
mizezebis ganmarteba.
wina Cvenebebis gamoyeneba
imis Cveneba, rom eqsperts Cveneba miucia orive mxares,
saukeTeso gzaa mikerZoebis eWvis Sesamcireblad:
k: migiciaT Cveneba dacvis mxares sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebze?
p: diax, mimicia.
k: migiciaT Cveneba saxelmwifos mxares sisxlis samarT-
lis saqmeze?
p: diax, mimicia, me xSirad miwveven erovnuli saeqsperto
biuros konsultantad.
Tuki Tqven gaqvT molodini, rom mowinaaRmdege mxaris ad-
vokati miuTiTebs Tqveni eqspertis mier dacvis an momCivanis
mxares mowmed gamosvlis raodenobaze, Tqven unda moaxerxoT
am miTiTebis Tqvens sasargeblod gamoyeneba eqspertis kvali-
fikaciaze miTiTebiT. magaliTad, Tqven SegiZliaT TqvaT, rom
„Tqveni mravali gamoZiebisa da Sefasebis safuZvelze, gi-
wvevdnen Tu ara mTeli qveynis masStabiT daskvnebis mosamza-
deblad?~
aseve saukeTeso iqneba, Tu daadgenT, rom eqspertis kon-
sultaciis sazRauri erTi da igivea, miuxedavad imisa, is
moiwvia momCivanma Tu dacvis mxarem.
erTi strategia, romelmac unda gaaqarwylos dacvis mx-
aris mcdeloba, daaxasiaTon momCivani mxare rogorc „daqi-
ravebuli iaraRi~, aris im Cvenebis mopoveba, romelic gansaz-
Rvravs eqspertis asociaciebs advokatTan an mwarmoebelTan.
iSviaTad xdeba ise, rom kvalificiur eqsperts ar hqondes
asociaciebi dacvis advokatTan an mwarmoebelTan. eqspertTa
umravlesobas eqneba mcire gamocdileba mainc profesiuli
264
jgufebis winaSe leqciebis wakiTxvisa, maT Soris mwarmoe-
belTa winaSe da yvelaze popularuli naSromebi qveyndeba
biznes sazogadoebaSi popularul JurnalebSi.
maSinac ki, Tu Tqven eqsperts mxolod erT mxaris eqsper-
tad procesSi monawileobis gamocdileba aqvs, mas aucile-
blad daukavSirdebobdnen meore mxaris warmomadgenlebi. aseTi
informaciis Tqvens sasargeblod gamosayeneblad Tqven unda
hkiTxoT eqsperts, daukavSirda Tu ara mas momCivani mxaris
warmomadgeneli. Semdeg Tqven SegiZliaT hkiTxoT, „mas Semdeg
rac Tqven gadaeciT maT Tqveni daskvna da analizi, dagikav-
Sirdnen isini rogorc eqsperts?~ rodesac mowme pasuxobs
aras, nafici msajulebisTvis es gzavnilia imis Taobaze, rom
advokatebs ar moswonT eqspertis daskvna, miuxedavad imisa,
rom aRiareben mis eqspertizas.
Tqven unda aCvenoT, rom Tqveni eqsperti mowinaaRmdegis
eqspertze kvalificiuria. es SesaZloa taqtianad ganxor-
cieldes:
k: SegiZliaT nafic msajulebs ganumatoT, riT gansx-
vavdeba Tqveni kvalifikacia da gamocdileba eqimi abaSiZisagan.
p: eqimi abaSiZe erovnuli saeqsperto biuros TanamSro-
melia srul staJze. is mTel Tavis dros saTao ofisSi at-
arebs. is eqsperti paTologia mxolod xuTi welia.
me gaxlavarT eqsperti paTologi ukve oci welia, vas-
wavli Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi da vaxorcieleb
autopsias bevr saqmeze, saxelmwifo organoebis da kerZo
pirebis dakveTiT evropis sxvadasxva qveynidan da yvelaze
rTul SemTxvevebSi.
k: aq warmodgenili iyo eqimi abaSiZis Cveneba imis Taobaze,
rom msxverplis sikvdilis mizezi iyo daxrCoba.
p: ar maqvs vinmes mimarT upativcemulobis gamoxatvis
ganzraxva, magram es gauazrebeli daskvnaa ramdenime mizezis
gamo.
k: ganagrZeT da agvixseniT.
Tqveni mowmis gamoyenebiT imis Sejameba, Tu ra marcxi
ganicada mowinaaRmdege mxarem Sesabamisi mtkicebulebis war-
265
modgenisas SesaZloa wamgebiani iyos: garsSi kapilarebis gawyvetiT. es movlena miuTiTebs msxver-
k: daxrCobiT sikvdili aris Tu ara is, rasac Tqven plsa da Tavdamsxmels Soris fizikur brZolaze.
varaudobT, Tu Tqven gWirdebaT amis mtkicebuleba? k: msxverpls aReniSneboda mcire zomis laqebi?
p: daxrCobis sikvdilis diagnozi ar aris gamoricxvis p: ara.
diagnozi. Tqven unda gqondeT mtkicebuleba. k: kidev ra SeiZleba iyos?
k: vnaxoT, warmoadgina Tu ara dacvis mxarem msgavsi mt- p: xSirad aRiniSneba sasunTqi gzebis fizikuri dazianeba.
kicebuleba. modiT, daviwyoT klinikuriT. warmoadgina Tu ara k: ra mdgomareobaSi hqonda msxverpls sasunTqi gzebi?
braldebam sakmarisi mtkicebuleba imis dasamtkiceblad, rom p: mTeli da dauzianebeli iyo.
msxverpli gardaicvala daxrCobis Sedegad? k: daxrCobis mikroskopuli mtkicebuleba xom ar arse-
p: ara. bobs?
k: warmoadgines Tu ara maT imis mtkicebuleba, rom p: ara.
kiserze aRiniSneboda dazianebebi, nakawrebi, gadayvlefili da k: arsebobs raime klinikuri mtkicebuleba imisa, rom
naWdevebi, romelic SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos msxverplis msxverpli daaxrCves? arsebobs raime paTologiuri mtkicebu-
frCxilebiT TavdacviTi manevris Sedegad, an rogorc msxver- leba imisa, rom msxverpli daaxrCves?
plisa da Tavdamsxmelis frCxilebiT gamowveuli dazianeba. p: ara.
k: ras ityviT, dazianebebidan SegviZlia vimsjeloT
Tavdamsxmeli sargeblobda erTi Tu orive xeliT, axrCobda
Tu ara is msxverpls uknidan an winidan, frCxilebis kanSi
CaWeris Sedegad gaCenili Wrilobebi mZimis Tu naxevar-rka-
lis formisaa?
p: ara..
k: Tqven gamoricxavT sxva dazianebebis aRmoCenas?
p: nikapis dazianebebi damaxasiaTebelia xeliT daxrCo-
bilTaTvis. msxverpli instinqturad Tavs dabla xris yelis
dasacavad da am dros izianebs nikaps Tavdamsxelis xelze.
k: dazianebebi saxezea?
p: ara.
k: ganvixiloT paTologia. ra mtkicebuleba SegiZliaT
warmogvidginoT imaze damatebiT rac ukve warmogvidgineT?
p: mcire zomis wiTeli laqebi damaxasiaTebelia mravali
SemTxvevisTvis. isini gamowveulia kapilarebis gawyvetiT _
umciresi sisxlZarRvebi sxeulSi. isini aRiniSneba Tvalebis
irgvliv, quTuTeobTan, saxesa da kiserze, moWeris adgilis
irgvliv. CawiTlebuli Tvalebi gamowveulia Tvalis TeTr
266 267
 jvaredini dakiTxva45
kinofilmebSi jvaredini dakiTxva sasamarTlo procesis
momxiblavi nawilia. es is adgilia, rodesac prokurori/advo-
kati brwyinvaled gamoiWers meore mxaris ZiriTad mowmes, ro-
melic aRiarebs, rom igi mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi cruobda
da mxolod axla ityvis simarTles. daiviwyeT, rameTu es ar
moxdeba. arasodes minaxavs es momxdariyo da arc aravis vic-
nob, visac unaxavs. rogorc winamdebare TavSi mogvianebiT de-
talurad iqneba ganxiluli, jvaredini dakiTxva ori mizniT
tardeba: (1) Tqveni saqmis TeoriisaTvis sasargeblo Cvenebis
miReba; da (2) mowmis an misi Cvenebis diskreditacia.
rogorc sasamarTlo procesis yvela sxva etapisaTvis,
aseve jvaredini dakiTxvisaTvis prokurori/advokati winas-
war unda moemzados. prokurorma/advokatma yuradRebiT unda
gadaxedos TiToeuli mowmis manamde micemul Cvenebas an ga-
keTebul gancxadebebs da unda gaecnos nebismieri saxis mt-
kicebulebas. momzadebis gareSe prokurori/advokati ver Se-
Zlebs mowmis impiCmentis warmatebiT ganxorcielebas Seusa-
bamo gancxadebebis an im Cvenebis safuZvelze, romelsac sxva
mtkicebuleba ewinaaRmdegeba, rogoricaa biznes an sabanko
dokumentacia, eqspertTa angariSebi, a.S.
unda CaataroT Tu ara jvaredini dakiTxva
es SekiTxva am komponentSi yvelaze arsebiTi mniSvnelo-
bisaa. uamravi prokurori/advokati atarebs jvaredin dakiTx-
vas imitom, rom, maTi azriT, maT es evalebaT. isini cdebi-
an. arasworma jvaredinma dakiTxvam prokuroris/advokatis
pozicias SesaZloa ziani miayenos, an saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi
mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi gaaRizianos im SekiTxvebis das-
miT, romlebic saqmes arafers mateben. jvaredini dakiTxvis
Catarebamde unda hkiTxoT sakuTar Tavs, realurad ris miRw-
45 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
268
evas fiqrobT. SeZlebT iseTi miniSnebebis gakeTebas, romelic
meore mxaris saqmis Teorias daazianebs? SeZlebT mowmis dama-
jereblobisaTvis zianis miyenebas? SeZlebT iseTi Cvenebis
miRebas, romelic Tqveni saqmis Teorias gaamyarebs?
prokuroris/advokatis mier mowmis jvaredini dakiTx-
vis valdebuleba ar arsebobs. zogierTi gamoucdeli proku-
rori/advokati fiqrobs, rom mowmis jvaredin dakiTxvaze
uaris Tqmis Sedegad mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi ifiqre-
ben, rom mowmem prokuroris/advokatis pozicia daaziana. es
mcdari Sexedulebaa. mosamarTlisTvis/nafici msajulebisTvis
ubralod imis Setyobineba, rom mowmis jvaredini wesiT da-
kiTxva ar gsurT, xSirad Tqvens Tavdajerebulobaze metyve-
lebs. marTlac, Semdeg daskvniT sityvaSi SegiZliaT axsnaT
kidec, Tu ratom ar gadawyviteT konkretuli mowmis jvare-
dinad dakiTxva. jvaredini dakiTxvis Catarebamde TiToeulma
prokurorma/advokatma sakuTar Tavs Semdegi eqvsi SekiTxva
unda dausvas.
(1) miayena mowmem ziani Tqvens pozicias?
yvela mowme erTnairad mniSvnelovani ar aris. zogierT
mowmes mxolod imitom iZaxeben, rom teqnikuri elementi an
dokumentis avTenturoba daadginon. magaliTad, mowme Sesa-
Zloa gamoiZaxon, raTa daadasturos, rom sajaro Setyobineba
gazeTSi iyo gamoqveynebuli, an garkveuli sabanko Canawerebi
avTenturia. Tu raime mizezi ar gaqvT mowmeSi eWvi SeitanoT,
mis jvaredinad dakiTxvas azri ar aqvs.
(2) aris mowme mniSvnelovani?
mowmem SeiZleba daadasturos iseTi ram, rac TqvenTvis
ar aris mniSvnelovani. magaliTad, narkotikebis saqmeze dacva
SesaZloa amtkicebdes ara imas, rom amoRebuli narkotikebi
kokaini ar iyo, aramed imas, rom isini braldebuls ar hqonia.
amdenad, Tqven jvaredinad ar unda dahkiTxoT qimikosi, ro-
melic daadasturebs, rom narkotikebi kokaini iyo. SegiZliaT
mas erTaderTi ram aTqmevinoT _ rom mowmes warmodgena ar
aqvs Tu vin flobda narkotikebs. rodesac mowme mniSvnelova-
269
nia, prokurori/advokati, rogorc wesi, mas jvaredinad dah-
kiTxavs, radgan mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi amas moelian.
rogorc zemoaRniSnul magaliTSia mocemuli, jvaredini da-
kiTxvis farglebi SeiZleba asaxavdes konkretuli mowmis
mniSvnelobas an umniSvnelobas mxaris poziciisTvis.
(3) iyo mowmis Cveneba damajerebeli?
zogierTi mowme sruliad daujerebel rames ityvis. mag-
aliTad, mowmem Cvenebis micemisas ganacxada, rom 3 metris
simaRlis Robes gadaaxta, raTa mZarcvelebs gaqceoda. sxva
dros mowmis Cvenebas SeiZleba daupirispirdes imave proku-
roris/advokatis sxva mowmeTa Cvenebebi. aseT situaciebSi
Cveneba ukve imdenad cudia, rom arafris gakeTeba aRar aris
saWiro. Tu Tqven SekiTxvebs dasvamT, mowmes SesaZloa mieces
Tavisi Cvenebis gamosworebis saSualeba, ase rom, ar mis-
ceT mas es Sansi. magaliTad, Tu prokurori/advokati dasvams
kiTxvas, marTla 3 metris simaRlis iyo Tu ara Robe, mowme
SeiZleba mixvdes, rom misi gancxadeba sasacilod JRerda da
Cvenebis gamosworebis mizniT ganacxados, rom mas wamoscda
da sinamdvileSi Robe mxolod metr-naxevari iyo simaRleSi.
sxva sityvebiT rom iTqvas, Tu mowmis Cveneba TqvenTvis sa-
sargebloa, daanebeT mas Tavi da daskvniT sityvaSi aRniSneT,
Tu ra sasacilo iyo misi pasuxi.
(4) pirdapiri dakiTxvisas mowmem Tqva, Tu ara imaze naklebi,
vidre mosalodneli iyo?
zogjer (gacilebiT xSirad vidre ggoniaT) sasamarTlo
procesisaTvis arasaTanado momzadebis an mowmis Secdomis
Sedegad, romelsac prokurorma/advokatma yuradReba ar mi-
aqcia, mowme gamotovebs (an prokurors/advokats aviwydeba
swori kiTxvis dasma) Tavisi Cvenebis mniSvnelovan nawils.
bevri gamoucdeli prokurori/advokati jvaredin dakiTxvas
swored gamotovebuli nawiliT iwyebs. amis Sedegad ki mox-
deba mxolod is, rom mowmes miecema SesaZlebloba gamoto-
vebuli masala daamatos an Tavis mxares misces saSualeba es
masala xelaxal pirdapir dakiTxvaze gaiaros.
270
zogjer ki mowme an prokurori/advokati, rogorc gamar-
jvebis taqtikis nawili, ganzrax gamotovebs raimes im imediT,
rom mowinaaRmdege mxare mas jvaredin dakiTxvaze wamosw-
evs. rodesac es xdeba, Cveneba kidev ufro sazianoa, radgan
prokurori/advokati daskvniT sityvaSi aRniSnavs, rom sazia-
no Cveneba ara misi, aramed mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier dasmuli
kiTxvebis Sedegad iyo miRebuli. Tu mowinaaRmdege mxare
Secdomas dauSvebs da mniSvnelovan masalas gamotovebs, ar
daexmaroT mas ise, rom am masalaze Tqven TviTon isaubroT.
(5) realurad risi demonstrireba SegiZliaT jvaredin
dakiTxvaze?
sasamarTlo procesamde Tqveni momzadebis etapze, hkiTx-
eT sakuTar Tavs, gaqvT Tu ara raime kargi iaraRi mowmis
winaaRmdeg. gaqvT Tu ara mowmis adrindeli gancxadebebi,
romlebic procesze mis mier micemul Cvenebas ewinaaRmdegeba?
gaqvT Tu ara raime dokumenti, rogoricaa sabanko an satele-
fono Canawerebi mowmesTan dasapirispireblad? Tu mowmem
damajerebeli STabeWdileba datova da mas verafriT Seewi-
naaRmdegebiT, SesaZloa jvaredini dakiTxva ar CaataroT an
CaataroT mokle dakiTxva umniSvnelo sakiTxTan dakavSire-
biT imis saCveneblad, rom mowme jvaredinad dahkiTxeT. misi
Cvenebis yvela sakiTxs ar SeexoT, Tu ar fiqrobT, rom raime
mniSvnelovans miaRwevT. Tu pirvelad misi Cveneba TqvenTvis
saziano iyo, misi gameoreba kidev ufro uaresi iqneba.
(6) romel riskze wasasvlelad xarT mzad?
im sakiTxis gadawyveta, CaatarebT, Tu ara jvaredin da-
kiTxvas da ra farglebSi, damokidebuli unda iyos imaze, Tu
ramdenad Zlierad migaCniaT Tqveni pozicia. Tu Tqveni pozi-
cia Zlieria da realurad migaCniaT, rom gaimarjvebT, maSin
SesaZloa jvaredin dakiTxvaze ufro konservatiulic iyoT
da Tqveni riskebi minimumamde SeamciroT. Tumca, Tu Tqveni
pozicia sustia, SesaZloa gariskoT da CaataroT jvaredi-
ni dakiTxva, radgan dasakargi isedac bevri araferi gaqvT.
zogjer sarisko jvaredini dakiTxvis Sedegad prokurors/
271
advokats umarTlebs da wagebul saqmes mogebulad aqcevs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis safuZvlebi
jvaredin dakiTxvas gaaCnia zogierTi elementi, romelic
umetesad jvaredini dakiTxvebis warmoebisas iCens Tavs. isini
qvemoT aris mocemuli. Tumca, rogorc winamdebare saxelmZR-
vanelos yvela sxva sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, qvemoT mocemuli
miTiTebebi, sasamarTlo procesamde momzadebis etapis garda,
TvaldaxuWuli ar unda Sesruldes. gaxsovdeT, rom TiToeu-
li saqme gansxvavebulia da arsebobs sakiTxebi, romlebic
konkretuli saqmidan gamomdinare unda iyos ganxiluli da
gadawyvetili.
zogadad jvaredin dakiTxvaze ifiqreT, rogorc partiza-
nuli omis Setevaze. SevardiT moqmedebis adgilze, esroleT
zogierT adamians da gaiqeciT.
(1) dakiTxvisas SemoifargleT mxolod ramdenime sakiTxiT
prokurori/advokati ver iqneba efeqturi, Tu mowmis jva-
redini dakiTxvisas yvela sakiTxze gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas.
rekomendebulia mowmis jvaredini dakiTxvisas SemoifargloT
sami an oTxi mniSvnelovani sakiTxiT, raTa SeinarCunoT efeq-
turoba. es aris sferoebi, sadac SegiZliaT mowmis meSveobiT
Tqveni saqmis Teoriis gamyareba an mowmis damajereblobis da-
zianeba, misi diskreditacia. metic, Tu uamravi sakiTxi gaqvT
momzadebuli, mxolod uZlieres sakiTxebze unda SeCerdeT.
Tu sakiTxi, romelsac ixilavT ar aris is, romelsac Tqvens
daskvniT sityvaSic moixseniebT, maSin, savaraudod, misi ganx-
ilva dakiTxvebis etapze arc Rirs. gamonaklisia SemTxveva,
rodesac saxezea meore mxaris mniSvnelovani mowme da jva-
redin dakiTxvaze raime mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi ar gaqvT,
magram grZnobT, rom raRac unda gaakeToT. aseT SemTxvevebSi
SesaZloa ganixiloT umniSvnelo sakiTxic, raTa aCvenoT, rom
mowme ar iyo uzado.
(2) daiwyeT da daasruleT Zlierad
rogorc sasamarTlo procesis yvela sxva stadiaze, daw-
272
yebuli Sesavali sityviT da damTavrebuli daskvniTi sityviT,
jvaredini dakiTxvac daiwyeT da daasruleT Zlierad. Tqveni
pirveli SekiTxva an SekiTxvebis seria Zlier sakiTxTan daka-
vSirebul Temas unda exebodes. igive exeba jvaredini dakiTx-
vis dasasruls. gaxsovdeT, adamianebs pirveladi STabeWdile-
bebi dasawyisSi eqmnebaT da kargad imaxsovreben imas, rasac
TavSi da boloSi ismenen.
(3) ar gaimeoroT pirdapiri dakiTxvis Tanmimdevroba
mowme, rogorc adamianTa umetesoba, savaraudod, qro-
nologiuri TanmimdevrobiT iazrovnebs. Tqven SesaZloa igi
kalapotidan amoagdoT, Tu Tqvens jvaredin dakiTxvas mowmis
Cvenebis dasawyisidan ar daiwyebT. es teqnika aseve gulisx-
mobs, rom mowme ver SeZlebs Tqveni momdevno SekiTxvebis
gansazRvras. man SesaZloa aseve ar icodes, Tu ras amtkicebT,
sanam amas realurad gaakeTebT. Tumca, sakiTxebi Zalian xSir-
ad ar unda cvaloT, radgan aman SesaZloa mosamarTle/nafici
msajulebi daabnios.
(4) SeecadeT ar daiwyoT konfrontaciul reJimSi
zogierTi mowmis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa sjobdes maT Tavi-
danve SeutioT, raTa isini daabnioT. magram bevrTan mimarTe-
baSi umjobesia isini moCvenebiTi usafrTxoebis garemoSi
SeityuoT. SegiZliaT daiwyoT ramdenime ioli SekiTxviT,
romelTa dasmis dros SegiZliaT gaiRimoT kidec. mowme moeS-
veba da koncentracias dakargavs. mas ki mogvianebiT SeutevT.
gaxsovdeT, SegiZliaT sasiamovnodan usiamovnod iqceT, magram
arasodes piriqiT.
(5) SeecadeT mowmem Secdoma dauSvas
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac SeZlebT mowme gacilebiT met
sakiTxze asaubroT, vidre man pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros Ta-
vad isaubra. SegiZliaT scadoT mowmem kidev ufro mtkiced da
dasturos garkveuli faqtebi, vidre amas pirdapir dakiTxvaze
akeTebda. Tumca, am taqtikas mxolod maSin gamoiyenebT, rode-
sac gaqvT raime xelmosaWidi, rac sruliad daupirispirdeba
273
mas. magaliTad, aTqmevineT mowmes, rom samsaxuris Semdeg igi
yovelTvis romelime konkretul restoranSi midioda maSin,
rodesac gyavT Tqveni mowme, romelic ityvis, rom mowme mis
kafeSi yovel xuTSabaTs dadioda. SegiZliaT igive gaakeToT
dokumentebis SemTxvevaSic, romlebic mowmes daupirispird-
eba. magaliTad, Tu pirdapir dakiTxvaze mowmem ganacxada, rom
kompaniidan arasodes gadauricxavs fuli, jvaredini dakiTxva
SeiZleba ase warimarTos:
kiTxva: pirdapir dakiTxvaze Tqven ganacxadeT, rom kompa-
niis sabanko angariSidan fuli arasodes gadagiricxavT.
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: SesaZleblobac ki ar aris, rom es erTxel an
orjer gagekeTebinaT?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: da amis mizezi is iqneboda, rom amis gakeTeba ar
SeiZleba, rom es qurdobaa?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da Tqven qurdi ar xarT?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: axla giCvenebT Tqveni sabanko angariSis asls saqa-
rTvelos erovnuli bankidan, romelic aRniSnulia, rogorc
dacvis mxaris nivTmtkiceba `a~; es Tqveni sabanko angariSia,
ase ar aris?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: angariSis meore gverdze gadadiT, aq miTiTebulia,
rom kompaniis angariSidan Tqvens angariSze Tanxa samjer iyo
gadaricxuli, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ase rom, sabanko angariSi Tqvens Cvenebas ewinaaR-
mdegeba, ara?
rogorc zemoaRniSnul magaliTSia mocemuli, albaT um-
jobesia, Tu mowmes tyuilSi pirdapir ar daadanaSaulebT. man
SesaZloa axsna-ganmarteba moZebnos. daskvniT sityvaSi Segi-
ZliaT ikamaToT, rom mowmem icrua.
274
(6) ar gaimeoroT pirdapiri dakiTxva
bevri prokurori/advokati mowmes ameorebinebs pirdapir
dakiTxvaze mis mier micemul Cvenebas im usafuZvlo Teoriis
gamo, TiTqos gameorebis Sedegad Cveneba CamoiSleba. es ase ar
moxdeba im iSviaTi SemTxvevis garda, rodesac mowmes Tavisi
Cveneba dazepirebuli aqvs da gameorebis dros garkveuli
adgilebi daaviwydeba. amis imedze nu iqnebiT. rogorc zemoT
iyo aRniSnuli, Tu pirvelad Cveneba TqvenTvis saziano iyo,
meored misi mosmena kidev ufro uaresi iqneba.
jvaredini dakiTxvis wesebi
(1) yovelTvis gamoiyeneT mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi
SekiTxva mimaniSnebelia, rodesac SekiTxvis pasuxs Tqvenve
sTavazobT kiTxvaSi. jvaredin dakiTxvaze Tqven mowmis pa-
suxebze unda gaamaxviloT yuradReba da daiTanxmoT igi im
sakiTxze, romlis damtkicebasac cdilobT. magaliTad, rode-
sac cdilobT daumtkicoT mowmes, rom man pirovneba Sec-
domiT amoicno, dakiTxva Semdegi saxiT warmarTeT:
kiTxva: marTalia Tu ara, rom 2011 wlis 14 ivlisis Ra-
mes kafe `antre~-Si brZandebodiT?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da iq yofnisas 5 Wiqa arayi miirTviT, ara?
pasuxi: 4 an 5.
kiTxva: da iq mxolod 45 wuTi brZandebodiT?
pasuxi: daaxloebiT, SesaZloa odnav ufro didi xani.
kiTxva: da swored amis Semdeg miseirnobdiT rusTavelis
gamzirze da dainaxeT, rom banks Zarcvavdnen?
pasuxi: diax, garkveuli mcire drois Semdeg.
kiTxva: `antre~-dan bankamde ori wuTis fexiT sasiarulo
manZilia, ara?
pasuxi: mgoni.
kiTxva: da am dros amtkicebT Tqven, rom b-ni daviTi dain-
axeT, romelic bankidan gamorboda?
275
 pasuxi: diax.
bolo magaliTSi mocemuli mizezebisa da im mizezebis
gamo, romlebic mogvianebiT iqneba garCeuli, umjobesi iqneba,
Tu am etapze jvaredin dakiTxvas daasrulebT.
pirdapiri dakiTxvisgan gansxvavebiT, jvaredin dakiTxvaze
yuradRebis centrSi prokurori/advokati eqceva. mimaniSnebe-
li kiTxvebis gamoyeneba erT-erTi gzaa, riTic prokurori/
advokati yuradRebas iqcevs da sakuTari gancxadebebis mniSv-
nelobas usvams xazs. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebi aseve mosamarT-
lis/nafici msajulebis yuradRebas amaxvilebs prokuroris/
advokatis Teoriaze, anu am SemTxvevaSi im mosazrebze, rom
mowme Zalian mTvrali iyo imisTvis, rom braldebuli swor-
ad amoecno. prokurori/advokati faqtis Sesaxeb gancxadebas
akeTebs da mis Taobaze mowmes iTanxmebs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros prokurorma/advokatma ZiriTad
sakiTxze gadasvlamde mokle, faqtobrivi gancxadebebiT unda
gaikvalos gza, ase rom, ar SeecadoT ZiriTadi sakiTxi erTi
SekiTxviT dafaroT. dakiTxvis mizania mowmis CixSi mimwyv-
deva, sadac mas sxva gza ar eqneba, garda imisa, rom Tqvens
ZiriTad sakiTxs daeTanxmos an ise gamoCndes, rom cruobs.
Tu Tu mas CixSi moamwyvdevs pirvelive SekiTxviT Seecde-
biT, mowme migixvdebaT, Tu saiTken midixarT da Tavs aaridebs
im pasuxis gacemas, romelsac moeliT. qvemoT mocemul maga-
liTSi braldebuls mkvlelobis CadenaSi edeba brali. advo-
kats surs daamtkicos, rom mowmes saerTod ar daunaxavs, Tu
ra moxda. Tu advokati ikiTxavs `Tqven ar daginaxavT mamakaci,
romelsac TiTqos b-ma WeliZem esrola, asea Tu ara?~, mowme
daiwyebs mtkicebas, rom dainaxa. Tumca, Tu advokati sakiTxs
nel-nela, mokle SekiTxvebis seriiT miudgeba da dadebiT
pasuxebs miiRebs, mowme advokats misTvis sasurvel pasuxs
gascems.
kiTxva: TqvenTvis cnobilia Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze
arsebuli gadakveTis Sesaxeb, atenisa da ramiSvilis quCebs
Soris?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tqven am ubanSi mravaljer giseirniaT, ase ar
276
aris?
pasuxi: mgoni.
kiTxva: garda amisa, Tqven am monakveTs yoveldRe gadix-
arT samsaxurSi rodesac midixarT da iqidan brundebiT?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tqven manamde iq mokluli aravin ginaxavT, ara?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: 14 noemberi Cveulebrivi dRe iyo, ara, ubralod
diliT da saRamos odnav ufro cioda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: WavWavaZeze avtomanqanebis sacobi saRamos 5 saa-
Tze Cveulebriv gamoiyureboda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: xdeboda Tu ara raime iseTi, rac Tqvens yuradRe-
bas miipyrobda da gansxvavebuli iqneboda, vidre Tqveni sxva
uamravi seirnobis dros trotuaris am monakveTze?
pasuxi: ara.
kiTxva: Tqven samsaxuridan saxlSi brundebodiT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: samsaxurSi kargi dRe gqondaT?
pasuxi: mgoni, Cveulebriv ramdenime problema mqonda, ma-
gram araferi seriozuli.
kiTxva: ase rom, Tqven fiqrobdiT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
moxda dRis ganmavlobaSi da rogor gadageWraT zogierTi es
problema?
pasuxi: SesaZloa, Tumca zustad ver vixseneb.
kiTxva: ase rom, pirveli uCveulo ram, rac SeniSneT, es
gasrolis xma iyo, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da es maSin moxda, rodesac viRacas esroles, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
TiTqosda arafrismTqmeli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebiT advo-
katma mowme im momentamde miiyvana, rodesac man aRiara, rom
realuri gasrola ar daunaxavs da maSasadame, misi manamde
277
micemuli nebismieri Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra moxda da ro-
gor hqonda adgili sasikvdilo gasrolas, dauSveblad iqneba
cnobili.
(2) erTi SekiTxvac SeiZleba zedmeti iyos
aseve SeniSnavdiT, rom rogorc bankis Zarcvis zemoT mo-
cemul magaliTSi iyo miTiTebuli, bolo SekiTxva imis Sesa-
xeb, rom mowmes srola ar daunaxavs, dasmuli ar yofila. am
SekiTxvis dasmis SemTxvevaSi mowme dadebiTi pasuxis gacemiT
Seecdeboda sakuTari Tavis reabilitacia moexdina da axsna-
ganmartebebi gaekeTebina. bolo SekiTxvis dasmis aucilebloba
ar iyo, radgan advokatma sasurveli pasuxi ukve moipova da
mowmes aRar aqvs Cixidan gamosvlis SesaZlebloba. daskvniT
sityvaSi advokati mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Seaxsenebs,
rom mowmis Cvenebis Tanaxmad, mas gasrola ar daunaxavs, rad-
gan, rodesac man pirvelad raime uCveulo SeniSna, es gasro-
lis xma iyo, da es ki mxolod gasrolis Semdeg SeiZleboda
momxdariyo. bankis Zarcvis saqmeSi advokatma ukve daamtkica,
rom mowme uaRresad mTvrali iyo da amocnobas uSecdomod
ver moaxerxebda. Tu daismeboda SekiTxva imis Taobaze, SeeZ-
lo Tu ara mas mZarcvelis amocnoba, mowmes miecemoda SesaZ-
lebloba raime mizezi moegona, Tu ratom SeZlebda amas. ar
misceT mowmeebs aseTi SesaZlebloba.
am swavlebis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom rodesac mow-
misgan sakmariss amoiRebT, unda gaCerdeT. ar aris saWiro
SeecadoT, rom mowmem aRiaros, rom icrua. amaze mtkicebu-
lebebi isedac metyvelebs. Zalian bevr prokurors/advokats
hqonia yvelaferi, rac mowmisgan iyo saWiro, da mxolod erT
zedmet SekiTxvas mowme problemisgan dauxsnia.
(3) akontroleT mowme
prokurori/advokati mowmes imiT akontrolebs, rom us-
vams zust kiTxvebs, romelTa pasuxebia: diax an ara. Tu mow-
me pasuxebis ganvrcobas iwyebs, prokurorma/advokatma unda
sTxovos mosamarTles, rom mowmem Sewyvitos iseTi pasuxebis
gacema, romlebic araadekvaturia.
278
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowme ar pasuxobs Tqven mier
dasmul kiTxvas, aramed cdilobs upasuxos kiTxvas, rome-
lic misTvis ufro misaRebia, prokurorma/advokatma mas amis
saSualeba ar unda misces. prokurorma/advokatma xelaxla
unda dasvas igive kiTxva da miuTiTos mowmes imis Taobaze,
rom kiTxva imitom meordeba, rom mowmem pasuxs Tavi aarida.
amgvarad, prokurori/advokati mowmes acnobebs, rom is Tavs
ver daaRwevs im kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemas, romlebsac pro-
kurori/advokati dasvams. es aseve aCvenebs mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs, rom mowme cdilobs pasuxebs Tavi aaridos, rac
mowmis damajereblobas azianebs.
(4) prokuroris/advokatis emociebi
kargi prokurori/advokati garkveul doneze msaxiobic
unda iyos. Tu pirdapir an jvaredin dakiTxvaze mowme ityvis
raime iseTs, rac prokuroris/advokatis pozicias azianebs,
man amasTan dakavSirebiT raime emocia ar unda gamoxatos. Tu
Tqven emociurad aCvenebT, rom Tqveni pozicia dazianda, amiT
Cvenebas kidev ufro sazianos xdiT. meore mxriv, Tu araviTar
reaqcias ar gamoavlenT, mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma Se-
saZloa ifiqron, rom Cveneba arcTu ise saziano iyo.
rodesac mowme aSkarad cruobs, prokurori/advokati sx-
vebis dasanaxad unda gaRiziandes. amiT mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs aCvenebT, Tu raoden ukmayofilo xarT, rom, Tqven
da maT atyueben. es maT aSkarad daarwmunebs imaSi, rom Tqveni
azriT, mowme cruobs. am SemTxvevaSi emociis damalvam SesaZ-
loa mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs afiqrebinos, rom, Tqveni
azriT, mowme ar cruobda.
(5) arasodes dasvaT Ria daboloebis SekiTxvebi
jvaredini dakiTxvis dros prokurori/advokati cdilobs
daamtkicos garkveuli viwro mniSvnelobis sakiTxebi. Tu
prokurori/advokati mowmes raimes axsnas sTxovs, amiT igi
mowmis Cvenebas `xsnis~ da mowmeze kontrols kargavs. ar
aris saWiro imis Tqma, Tu ras moimoqmedebs mowme, Tu raimes
axsnis SesaZlebloba mieca. unda SeecadoT, rom Tqven mier
279
dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis saxiT miiRoT mxolod `diax~ an
`ara~. Sesabamisad, arasodes unda gamoiyenoT `ratom~, `ro-
gor~, `ra~ da `agvixseniT~ kiTxvebi.
(6) usmineT mowmis pasuxebs
pirdapiri dakiTxvis msgavsad, zogierT prokurors/ad-
vokats winaswar aqvs garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT Camowerili
kiTxvebi, romlebic unda dasvas. Semdgom isini Zalian did
yuradRebas uTmoben kiTxvebis dasmas da ver axerxeben pasuxe-
bisTvis yuris dagdebas. yuradReba miaqcieT mowmis pasuxebs,
radgan man SesaZloa iseTi ram Tqvas, rac prokurorma/advo-
katma aucileblad unda ganavrcos.
(7) ar dasvaT kiTxvebi, romlebzec pasuxebi winaswar ar iciT
prokurorma/advokatma kiTxvebis dasmamde am kiTxvebze pa-
suxebi unda icodes. rodesac prokurorma/advokatma ar icis
pasuxi an sul mcire, ar aqvs kargi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ra iqneba pasuxi, misi pozicia mowmis pasuxiT SesaZloa
Zalian daziandes. es gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevebSi xdeba,
rodesac prokurors/advokats mowmis impiCmentisaTvis xelmo-
sakidi CvenebaSi araferi aqvs. aseT SemTxvevebSi igi ubralod
cudi pasuxiT unda dakmayofildes.
es wesi aseve pirdapir dakiTxvazec vrceldeba. marT-
lac, cudi pasuxi uaryofiTad SeiZleba aisaxos pirdapir
dakiTxvaze. prokurorma/advokatma gamoiZaxa mowme, romelic
sasamarTlo sxdomaze acxadebs, rom prokurorma/advokatma es
mowme imitom gamoiZaxa, rom mowmis swori Cveneba mis pozi-
ciebs gaamyarebs. amis Sedegad, rodesac prokurori/advokati
iZulebuli xdeba sakuTari mowmis diskreditacia moaxdinos,
es mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze uaryofiT STabeWdilebas
datovebs. amasTan, am SemTxvevas kargi oponenti yovelTvis
warmatebulad gamoiyenebs daskviT sityvaSi.
winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli wesebis mimarT
garkveuli sifrTxilis gamoCenaa saWiro. wesebma SesaZloa
yvela SemTxvevaSi ar imuSaos. am wesTan mimarTebaSi, ma-
galiTad, Tu prokurori/advokati sasowarkveTilia da mas
280
dasakargi araferi aqvs, man gamarTlebis imediT SesaZloa
dasvas kiTxva, romelzec pasuxi winaswar ar icis.
(7) gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi jvaredini dakiTxvis war-
moebisas
sasurveli Cvenebis mopoveba
prokurors/advokats yovelTvis ar surs mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowmeebisTvis zianis miyeneba. aris SemTxvevebi, ro-
desac mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs SeuZliaT misi pozicia
gaamyaron. saqmis masalebis gacnobis Sedegad Tqven SeiZleba
icodeT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmis iseTi gancxadebis Sesa-
xeb, romelic Tqvens pozicias gaamyarebs da romelzec jva-
redini dakiTxvis dros unda isaubroT. magaliTisTvis, Tu
gamoZiebis stadiaze Cvenebis micemisas mowmem ganacxada, rom
Zarcvis Rames bankis win quCis ganaTeba gamorTuli iyo, advo-
katma es unda warmoaCinos. mniSvnelovania daskvniTi sityvis
dros prokurorma/advokatma miuTiTos misTvis sasargeblo
Cvenebaze da aRniSnos, rom is mowinaaRmdege mowmisgan iyo
miRebuli.
rodesac prokurors/advokats gaaCnia mowmis mier adre
gakeTebuli gancxadebebi an garkveuli dokumenti, mowinaaRm-
dege mxaris mowmisTvis kiTxvebis dasma ukve garkveulwilad
usafrTxoa. Tu mowme Cvenebas Secvlis an avTenturi dokumen-
tis sawinaaRmdegod isaubrebs, es misi impiCmentis safuZveli
iqneba da mTeli misi Cveneba eWv qveS dadgeba.
impiCmenti aris mowmis jvaredini dakiTxvis Semadgene-
li nawili, romelic warmatebis SemTxvevaSi mowmis Cvene-
baSi eWvs Seitans. amis misaRwevad ramdenime gza arsebobs,
romlebic qvemoT iqneba ganxiluli. ramdenadac am etapze
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi mtki-
cebulebebTan dakavSirebiT Zalian mcire raodenobis muxlebi
arsebobs, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli magaliTebi
amerikuli sasamarTlo praqtikidan iqneba aRebuli.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac ar gaqvT adre gakeTebuli gancxa-
deba an raime dokumenti, magram saRi azris, logikis an mo-
281
salodnelobis safuZvelze varaudobT, rom mowmem garkveuli
gancxadeba unda gaakeTos, marTalia, es pirveli kategoriis
msgavsad usafrTxo ar iqneba, magram albaT cda mainc Rirs.
magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis saqmeSi braldebis erT-erTi
mowme aris piri, romelic mZarcvelebis bankSi yofnis dros
bankSi imyofeboda rogorc klienti, savaraudod, SegiZliaT
aRiarebinoT, rom SeSinebuli iyo, rodesac mZarcvelebma bank-
Si iaraRidan gaisroles. rogorc advokati, Tqven cdilobT
warmoaCinoT, rom igi sakmarisad SeSinebuli iyo imisaTvis,
rom zusti amocnoba ganexorcielebina. Tu igi amas uaryofs,
mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi savaraudod ar daijereben misi
Cvenebis am nawils da mis danarCen Cvenebasac ufro didi eW-
vis TvaliT Sexedaven.
arasasurveli Cvenebis miRebis minimumamde dayvana
es jvaredini dakiTxvis is nawilia, rodesac prokurori/
advokati cdilobs mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmis Cveneba daa-
zianos. arsebobs garkveuli sakiTxebi, romlebzec prokuror-
ma/advokatma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos saqmis Sinaarsidan
gamomdinare.
aRqma
am dros prokurori/advokati amowmebs mowmis SesaZ-
leblobas dainaxos, gaigonos, iynosos an gamoiyenos misi
aRqmis sxva unari, romelsac misi Cveneba eyrdnoba. zemoT
mocemuli SemTxvevebi mkvlelobisa da bankis Zarcvis Sesaxeb
amis ori magaliTia. kidev erTi magaliTi SesaZloa exebodes
imas, Tu ra manZiliT iyo danaSaulis adgilidan mowme daSo-
rebuli an rogori ganaTeba iyo danaSaulis adgilas. rogorc
wina qveTavSi iyo aRniSnuli, prokurori/advokati pirdapir
im sakiTxze unda gadavides, romlis damtkicebac surs. war-
mogidgenT advokatis mier braldebis mowmis jvaredini da-
kiTxvis magaliTs:
kiTxva: Tqven TqviT, rom saRamos 8 saaTze WavWavaZis gam-
zirze midiodiT, marTalia?
pasuxi: diax.
282
kiTxva: da es 27 ianvars xdeboda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: gareT bneloda?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tqven WavWavaZeze ideqiT, atenis quCasTan axlos,
asea?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: am adgilas WavWavaZeze oTxi Sesaxvevi Sedis
TiToeuli mimarTulebiT, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ase rom Tqven sul mcire 25 metris daSorebiT
iyaviT im adgilidan, saidanac mZarcvelebi bankidan gamoiqcnen.
pasuxi: mgoni. maseTi daSorebiT, diax.
kiTxva: da WavWavaZis meore mxares quCis ganaTeba ganTav-
sebulia kuTxeSi, sadac WavWavaZe da ateni ikveTeba?
pasuxi: mgoni.
kiTxva: da es daaxloebiT 7 Tu 8 metriT aris daSorebu-
li bankis Sesasvlelidan?
pasuxi: ar vici, SesaZloa.
kiTxva: da rodesac mZarcvelebi bankidan gamoiqcnen, isini
WavWavaZeze atenisgan da Sesabamisad Tqveni poziciisgan daSo-
rebiT gaiqcnen, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
am dros advokatma mowmis jvaredini dakiTxva unda SeaCe-
ros. mowme, savaraudod, mainc Seecdeba amtkicos, rom mis
mier gakeTebuli amocnoba zusti iyo, ase rom, azri ar aqvs
ecadoT mas aRiarebinoT, rom mas aravis amocnoba ar SeeZ-
lo. yuradReba miaqcieT, Tu rogor miiwevda win advokati
im kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic TiTqosda mowmes aravi-
Tar safrTxes ar uqmnida. es iseTi kiTxvebia, romlebTanac
mowme paeqrobas ver daiwyebs. Tu mowmes surs erTi an ori
metris distanciasTan dakavSirebiT ikamaTos, advokatma SesaZ-
loa es sakuTari poziciis dazianebisa da mowmis TavdacviTi
poziciis warmoCenis gareSec daTmos. advokatma aseve ukve
daadgina, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu mZarcvelebi quCis sxva
283
ganaTebisken mirbodnen, isini mowmisken zurgiT iqnebodnen,
rac amocnobas SeuZlebels gaxdida.
mexsiereba
prokurorma/advokatma unda aCvenos, rom mowme ver ixse-
nebs movlenas, an mowmes imdenad cudad axsovs movlena, rom
mis Cvenebaze dayrdnoba ar SeiZleba. qvemoT mocemulia maga-
liTi, romelSic braldebulis dacvis Tanaxmad braldebuli
ara danaSaulis Cadenis adgilas, aramed sxvagan imyofeboda,
da gamoZaxebulia mowme, romlis Cvenebis Tanaxmad braldebu-
li mis restoranSi imyofeboda.
warmogidgenT prokuroris mier dacvis mowmis jvaredini
dakiTxvis magaliTs:
kiTxva: q-no Tamar, ramdeni xania, rac restoran `metexis
CrdilSi~ muSaobT?
pasuxi: 10 weli.
kiTxva: restorani kargad muSaobs, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ase rom, dReSi sul mcire 200 klienti gyavT?
pasuxi: daaxloebiT, zogjer naklebi, zogjer meti.
kiTxva: darwmunebuli var kargi TanamSromeli xarT da
rogorc vxvdebi, Tqven Zalian dakavebuli unda iyoT klien-
tebis SekveTebis momsaxurebiT?
pasuxi: diax, es rTuli samuSaoa.
kiTxva: ase rom, kviris ganmavlobaSi 1000-ze meti kli-
entis naxva giwevT?
pasuxi: sul mcire magdenis.
kiTxva: da isini, savaraudod, yvelanairi tipis adamianebi
arian?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: pirdapir dakiTxvaze Tqven ganacxadeT, rom bral-
debuls ar icnobdiT, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
284
kiTxva: da Tqveni Cvenebis Tanaxmad, igi zrdilobiani iyo
da rogorc misi Cacmuloba aRwereT, mas iseve ecva, rogorc
TbilisSi uamravi sxva adamiani icvams, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: meti SekiTxva ar maqvs, gmadlobT.
prokurorma daadgina, rom mowme braldebuls ar ic-
nobda, rom masTan dakavSirebiT arafer gansakuTrebuls ad-
gili ar hqonia da rom kviris ganmavlobaSi igi 1000-ze met
klients naxulobda. naklebad damajerebelia, rom igi am erT
pirovnebas daimaxsovrebda. prokurorma ar unda dasvas bolo
SekiTxva, Tu ratom axsovs mas braldebuli, radgan mas Sesa-
Zloa pasuxi mzad hqondes. aseve naklebad savaraudoa, rom
mowmem aRiaros, rom icrua, rodesac ganacxada, rom bralde-
buli axsovda. daskvniT sityvaSi prokurori ikamaTebs imis
Sesaxeb, rom ubralod daujerebelia, rom mas braldebuli
daemaxsovrebina.
SeniSvna: Tu zemoT aRweril SemTxvevaSi advokati dah-
kiTxavs Tavis mowmes, pirdapir dakiTxvaze man aucileblad
unda hkiTxos mas, Tu ratom daamaxsovrda mowmes braldebu-
lis restoranSi yofna.
jvaredini dakiTxvisas mexsierebis sakiTxis warmoWris
dros mniSvnelovania detalebSi CaRrmaveba. bankis Zarcvis
saqmis magaliTze, dasasmeli SekiTxvebi iqneboda: ra feris
perangi ecva mZarcvels? ra siswrafiT mirboda igi? iseve,
rogorc ramdeni xani dasWirda mas, raTa Tavis manqanamde mi-
suliyo? Tu policiam daadgina, sad idga manqana, dacvis mx-
ares SeuZlia azomva ganaxorcielos imis dasadgenad, sworad
aRwera, Tu ara mowmem manZili. dacvis mxares aseve SeuZlia
vinmes daavalos manZilis garbena da drois CaniSvna. Tu mow-
mis Cvenebasa da realur faqtebs Soris Seusabamoba dadginda,
advokats SeuZlia mowmed gamoiZaxos piri, romelmac azom-
vebi Caatara. amiT dadgindeba, rom braldebis mowmem kargad
ver gaixsena, rac dainaxa, an kargad ver aRwera danaSaulis
Cadenis adgili da Sesabamisad misi Cvenebis sxva nawilic
SesaZloa ar iyos zusti.
285
 impiCmenti
aq prokurori/advokati mowmis an misi Cvenebis diskredi-
tacias axdens, rac SesaZloa jvaredini dakiTxvis yvelaze
dramatuli adgili iyos. aSS-s praqtikis klasikuri mag-
aliTis Tanaxmad, prokurori/advokati imis demonstrire-
bas axdens, rom mowmis adrindeli gancxadebebi sasamarTlo
procesze mis mier gakeTebul gancxadebebs ewinaaRmdegeba.
Tu Zalian did Seusabamobas aqvs adgili, CvenebaSi cvlile-
bebis dadgenis Semdeg prokurors/advokats SeuZlia mowmes
hkiTxos: `maSin cruobdiT Tu axla cruobT?~ alternativis
saxiT, Tu adrindeli gancxadeba Tqveni mxarisTvis ukeTesia,
SegiZliaT mowmes hkiTxoT, dageTanxmebodaT Tu ara, rom
adrindeli gancxadeba maSin gakeTda, rodesac movlenebi gac-
ilebiT ukeT axsovda. am midgomiT Tqven xazs ar usvamT im
garemoebas, rom mowme cruobs, aramed mxolod imas, rom ise
kargad aRar axsovs movlenis Sesaxeb, rodesac mis Sesaxeb
pirveli gancxadebebi gaakeTa.
rodesac adrindeli Seusabamo gancxadebis safuZvelze
mowmis impiCments axorcielebT, pirvel rigSi mowmes unda
daadasturebinoT, rom man sasamarTlo procesze marTlac
aseTi Cveneba misca. Semdeg sTxoveT mas gaixsenos garkveul
dros da adgilze micemuli Cveneba, sadac Seusabamo gancxade-
ba gakeTda. man SesaZloa zusti dro ver gaixsenos, magram
prokurorma/advokatma unda SeZlos mas daadasturebinos, rom
adrindeli gancxadeba mas ekuTvnis. Semdeg mas es gancxadeba
gadaeciT. qvemoT mocemulia am teqnikis gamoyenebis magali-
Ti. yuradReba miaqcieT, Tu rogor adasturebinebs advokati
mowmes adrindeli Cvenebis micemas, Seaxsenebs mas am gancxade-
bas da Semdeg ukve `abams maxeSi~.
kiTxva: pirdapir dakiTxvaze Cvenebis micemisas Tqven ga-
nacxadeT, rom braldebulisgan 5 metris daSorebiT imyofe-
bodiT, marTalia?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da es Cveneba zusti iyo?
pasuxi: ra Tqma unda.
kiTxva: da radgan ase axlos iyaviT, amitom xarT ase dar-
286
wmunebuli Tqven mier mis amocnobaSi, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Zarcvis dRes Tqven oficerma nanam dagkiTxaT?
pasuxi: saxeli ar maxsovs, magram diax, me qalbaton po-
liciels vesaubre.
kiTxva: da es Zarcvidan mcire drois Semdeg moxda?
pasuxi: diax.
(am dros advokatma mowinaaRmdege mxares unda gadasces
Cvenebis asli, romlis gamoyenebasac apirebs da mosamarTlis-
gan moiTxovos nebarTva, raTa mowmes miuaxlovdes).
kiTxva: me giCvenebT oficer nanas mier aRebul mowmis Cve-
nebas, romelic msurs aRniSnuli iyos dacvis mxaris `a~ nivT-
mtkicebad. angariSis TavSi Tqveni saxelia miTiTebuli, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da boloSi ki Tqveni xelmoweraa, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: Tu SeiZleba xmamaRla waikiTxeT Cvenebis gayviT-
lebuli nawili.
pasuxi: im adgilidan, sadac mamakaci daWres, daaxloebiT
15 metris daSorebiT videqi.
kiTxva: meti SekiTxva ar maqvs.
Tumca, adreuli Seusabamo gancxadebis safuZvelze mow-
misaTvis impiCmentis Catarebamde, prokurorma/advokatma unda
gaiTvaliswinos saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis moTxovnebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra SemTxvevebSi
aqvs prokurors/advokats neba darTuli sasamarTlo sxdo-
maze mowmis deponirebuli Cvenebis (micemuli policiisaTvis
saqmis gamoZiebis dros) wakiTxvis ufleba. Tu impiCmentis
am iaraRis gamoyenebas saqarTveloSi romelime sasamarTlo-
Si gadawyvetT, SemoqmedebiTad miudeqiT sakiTxs, gadaxedeT
mosamarTleTa saxelmZRvanelo principebs, nafic msajulTa
instruqciebs (nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos SemTxvevaSi46),
da gaiTvaliswineT argumentebis gamoyeneba Tqveni poziciis
46 sasamarTlos saxelmZRvanelo; nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos
saxelmZRvanelo princi pebi; damtkicebuli saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos
mier; gamocemuli amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativis
mier; 2010 weli.
287
gasamyareblad. sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 243-e
muxlis pirveli da me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad:
`1. gamoZiebis dros mowmis deponirebuli Cvenebis sa-
samarTlo sxdomaze sajarod wakiTxva, aseve misi Cvenebis
audio an videoCanaweris mosmena (demonstrireba) dasaSve-
bia, Tu mowme gardaicvala, ar imyofeba saqarTveloSi, misi
adgilsamyofeli ucnobia an amowurulia misi sasamarTloSi
warmodgenis yvela gonivruli SesaZlebloba da Cveneba mice-
mulia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT.
2. Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom mowme ai-
Zules, daemuqrnen, daaSines an moisyides da micemul Cvene-
bebSi arsebiTi winaaRmdegobaa, mxares ufleba aqvs, daayenos
Suamdgomloba mowmis Cvenebis sajarod wakiTxvis, aseve misi
audio an videoCanaweris mosmenis (demonstrirebis) Taobaze
am muxlis pirveli nawilis moTxovnis daucvelad ...~
impiCmentis erT-erT sferos warmoadgens mowmis mikerZoe-
bis an winaswari Sexedulebebis warmoCena. magaliTad:
kiTxva: Tqven braldebulis deda brZandebiT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da Tqven, ra Tqma unda, Tqveni Svili giyvarT, xom
asea?
pasuxi: diax.
isev da isev, prokurorma/advokatma aRar unda ikiTxos,
moityueboda Tu ara mowme Tavisi Svilis dasacavad, radgan
igi ityvis, rom ara. prokurori/advokati am SekiTxvaze pa-
suxs daskvniT sityvaSi gascems.
qvemoT mocemulia negatiuri mikerZoebis magaliTi:
kiTxva: Tqven da b-ma melaZem gasul wels iCxubeT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da am CxubSi b-ma melaZem xeli mogtexaT?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: ase rom, Tqven b-n melaZesTan kargi damokideb-
uleba ar gaqvT, xom asea?
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi advokatma imis demonstrireba
moaxdina, Tu ratom ixreba mowmis Cveneba braldebulis wi-
naaRmdeg.
288
kidev erT sferos warmoadgens SemTxveva, rodesac mowme
sasamarTlo procesis SedegiT aris dainteresebuli. xSirad
dazaralebuls Seaqvs samoqalaqo sarCeli, romelic msja-
vrdebis Sedegebidan gamomdinare SeiZleba dakmayofildes.
dazaralebuls Semdegi ram SeiZleba vkiTxoT: `Tu b-ni melaZe
damnaSaved iqna cnobili, Tqven did Tanxas miiRebT, ara?~
aseTi saxis SekiTxvebi SeiZleba im SemTxvevaSic daisvas,
rodesac erT-erT mxares eqsperti hyavs daqiravebuli. qvemoT
mocemulia aSS-Si jvaredini dakiTxvis tipuri magaliTi:
kiTxva: b-no eqsperto, Tqven am saqmeSi dacvis mxarem
dagiqiravaT, marTalia?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: dRes aq Cvenebis misacemad ramdens gixdian?
pasuxi: me maqvs gaformebuli kontraqti 20000 aSS dol-
arze pirdapir dakiTxvaze Cvenebis misacemad.
mowmis aRqmis unaris Semowmebis martivi magaliTia Sem-
Txveva, rodesac mowme braldebuls amoicnobs da amtkicebs,
rom man sakuTari binidan dainaxa, Tu rogor gamorboda bral-
debuli bankidan Zarcvis Semdeg, xolo misi bina ki bankis
Sesasvlelidan 100 metriT aris daSorebuli. mogvianebiT
irkveva, rom mas aqvs mxedvelobasTan dakavSirebuli prob-
lema, magaliTad, cudi mxedveloba (fizikuri nakli) da ro-
gorc wesi, saTvales atarebs, romelsac swored im dros
ar atarebda, rodesac amtkicebs, rom bankis Zarcvis dRes
braldebuli dainaxa. amdenad, faqti adasturebs, rom mowmes
ar SeeZlo mZarcvelis zustad da sworad aRqma da amocnoba,
ris Sedegadac iqmneba mtkicebulebis (mowmis Cvenebis) dauS-
veblad cnobis Taobaze Suamdgomlobis dayenebis safuZveli.
am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyenoT saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 75-e muxlis pirveli da me-2
nawilebi:
`1. mowmis Cveneba mtkicebuleba ver iqneba, Tu mowme ver
miuTiTebs warmodgenili informaciis wyaros an Tu dadg-
indeba, rom fsiqikuri avadmyofobis an fizikuri naklis gamo
mas ar SeuZlia sworad aRiqvas, daimaxsovros da aRidginos
faqtebi.
289
 2. Tu mowmis CvenebebSi arsebiTi winaaRmdegobaa, mxares
ufleba aqvs, mosamarTlis winaSe daayenos Suamdgomloba
Cvenebis (Cvenebebis) dauSvebel mtkicebulebad cnobis Tao-
baze.~
saproceso SeTanxmeba
es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac mowme prokurors urigdeba
ufro msubuqi braldebis an braldebasTan TanamSromlobis
safuZvelze braldebis moxsnis sanacvlod. advokatma SeTanx-
meba unda gamoaaSkaravos da amtkicos, rom mowmem proku-
rorisTvis sasurveli Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod saproceso
SeTanxmeba gaiforma. amis adekvaturad gasakeTeblad advo-
katma sasamarTlo sxdomamde unda moipovos braldebasa da
braldebis yvela mowmes Soris SesaZlo arsebuli saproceso
SeTanxmebis aslebi. es advokats miscems damatebiT saSualebas
moaxdinos mowmis impiCmenti, Tu mowmis Cveneba misi sapro-
ceso SeTanxmebis pirobebis Taobaze mopovebuli werilobiTi
SeTanxmebisgan gansxvavdeba. magaliTi:
kiTxva: b-no paata, 2 Tvis ukan Tqven damnaSaved gcnes
yaCaRobaSi, asea?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da am msjavrdebis Sedegad Tqven 5 wliT Tavisu-
flebis aRkveTa mogesajaT, marTalia?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: 5 weli didi droa, ara?
pasuxi: arc ise.
kiTxva: Tumca, imdenad didi, rom SeTanxmeba gaaformeT
prokurorTan, ris Sedegad es dro 3 wlamde Camovida, ara?
pasuxi: me SeTanxmebas mivaRwie.
kiTxva: da am SeTanxmebis farglebSi Tqven dRes sasamarT-
loSi unda mosuliyaviT da geTqvaT, rom Cemi klienti, b-ni
melaZe narkotikebis kontrabandistia, asea?
pasuxi: Cemi SeTanxmebis farglebSi unda meTqva simarTle
imis Sesaxeb, rac melaZeze vicodi.
290
kiTxva: b-no paata, me giCvenebT dokuments, romelsac
aRvniSnav, rogorc dacvis mxaris nivTmtkicebas #5, Tu Sei-
Zleba am dokuments gadaxedeT.
pasuxi: ki, batono.
kiTxva: am dokumentis boloSi Tqveni xelmoweraa, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da es dokumenti aris werilobiTi saproceso Se-
Tanxmeba, romelsac Tqven xeli moawereT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da am saproceso SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, Tqveni
Cvenebis sanacvlod prokurori iSuamdgomlebs Tqveni Tavda-
pirveli sasjelis ori wliT Semcirebis Taobaze, asea?
pasuxi: Cemi marTali Cvenebis sanacvlod, diax.
kiTxva: da Tqveni dRevandeli Cvenebis safuZvelze Tqven
cixeSi ori wliT naklebs gaatarebT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: da imis Tqmis gareSe, rac dRes aq TqviT, cixeSi
kidev 2 weli ijdebodiT, ara?
pasuxi: diax.
kiTxva: radgan prokurorma unda gadawyvitos, moewona Tu
ara Tqveni Cveneba imdenad, rom sasjelis Semcireba moiTxo-
vos, ara?
pasuxi: ar vici, Cems advokats SeekiTxeT.
impiCmentis sxva sferoebic arsebobs. magaliTad, rodesac
mowmis mikerZoebis saCveneblad prokurors/advokats SeuZlia
imis demonstrireba, rom warsulSi mowmem icrua, msjavrde-
buli iyo, rom Camoyalibebuli hqonda winaswari cru Sexed-
ulebebi, magaliTad, im eTnikuri jgufis, religiis, rasis an
politikuri partiis mimarT, romelsac braldebuli ekuTvnis
da sxva.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli iyo mowmis jvaredini da-
kiTxvis zogierTi meTodi. rogorc sxva SemTxvevebSi, es amom-
wuravi sia ar aris. saxelmZRvaneloSi jvaredini dakiTxvis
meTodebia mocemuli, magram kargi prokurori/advokati sxva
meTodebsac moifiqrebs. cxadia, jvaredini dakiTxvis zemoT
291
CamoTvlili yvela aspeqtis gamoyeneba yoveli mowmis winaaR-
mdeg yovelTvis ver moxerxdeba, da zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki
SesaZloa verc erTi zemoT mocemuli magaliTi ver gamoiy-
enoT.
is, Tu rogor da rodis CavataroT mowmis jvaredini
dakiTxva, aris unar-Cveva, romlis ganviTarebasac dro da
praqtika esaWiroeba. kargi prokurori/advokati jvaredini
dakiTxvisTvis mzadebisas moipovebs yvela saxis informacias
mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis Sesaxeb. prokurorma/advokat-
ma unda scados moipovos yvela dokumenti, raTa mowmis mier
simarTlisTvis Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi misi impiCmenti
SeZlos. Tu amas ar gavakeTebT, maSin prokurors/advokats
mowmis pasuxebTan gamklaveba mouwevs.
292
eqsperti mowmis jvaredini dakiTxva47
mowme eqspertis Cvenebis sqemaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvn-
eloba aqvs jvaredin dakiTxvas eqspertis daskvnis safuZvlad
aRebuli faqtebisa da varaudebis gamosakvlevad.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis cnobilma da TvalsaCino
advokatma geri spensma erTi mniSvnelovani gancxadeba gaakeTa
eqspertebis jvaredini dakiTxvis riskTan dakavSirebiT:
`saqmesTan dakavSirebuli faqtebiTa da mecniere-
biT mdidar gonebaze ufro meti simdidre ar arse-
bobs. magram me eqsperts galiaSi gamomwyvdeul loms
Sevadareb. Cven SgviZlia SevideT am galiaSi da Seve-
WidoT loms. magram is gadagvylapavs. Cven SegviZlia
vidaoT mTeli dRe da Rame da miuxedavaT Cveni upira-
tesi akademiuri codnisa, is mogvigebs davas, radganac
es aris dava iuristsa da mecnier eqsperts Soris.~
batonma spenserma ganagrZo jvaredini dakiTxvis dros
warmoSobili dilemebis aRweriT:
`naficma msajulebma unda gadawyviton, Tu vis
daujeron _ advokats, romelic samarTlis eqsper-
tia, Tu mowmes, romelic Tavis samecniero sferoSia
eqsperti. gamarjvebuli winaswar aris gansazRvruli.
Cven vamtkicebT da es davas hgavs. Cven vaprotestebT
da vyviriT da es asec JRers _ da gamarjvebuli mainc
47 mocemuli masala gamoyenebulia sesil kuhne III-s (Cecil C. Kuhne
III) saxelmZRvanelodan „procesis monawileTa saxelmZRvanelo eqsperti
mowmeebis Taobaze~, amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro ufleba,
2006. es masalebi gamoyenebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro
uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis nebarTviT, misamarTi: copyright@
abanet.org. igi Seiqmna pirvelwyaros redaqtirebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad,
qarTul kanonmdeblobasTan da praqtikasTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad
da qarTulad TargmanisTvis amerikis iuristTa asociaciis (ABA ROLI) mier
da es cvlilebebi ar asaxavs pirvelwyaros avtoris, sesil kuhne III-is da
arc amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mosazrebebs. winamdebare masala momzadda
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis narkotikebisa da
samarTaldamcavi organoebis sakiTxTa biuros (INL) dafinansebiT.
293
 eqspertia. eqspertis codnis dakninebis Tandayolili
midgoma arsebobs, Cven mier axlaxan SeZenili codnis
CvenebiT~ (moigeT Tqveni saqme [wm. martinsi 2005]).
jvaredini dakiTxvis Catareba winaswari momzadebis gar-
eSe, sakmaod saxifaToa, magram zogadad situacia rTuldeba,
rodesac mowme eqspertia. eqsperti ganaTlebuli adamiania,
romelic gamocdilia Tavisi ideebis damajereblad gamoxatva-
Si da vinc udavod ufro erkveva konkretul sferoSi, vidre
Sen. situaciis gasarTuleblad eqspertis Cvenebas Sesabamisi
Zala eniWeba nafici msajulebis mier.
Tumca arsebobs mizezebi Tu ratom SeiZleba eqsper-
ti iyos yvelaze daucveli mowme sasamarTlo ganxilvisas.
pirvel yovlisa, nafici msajulebi yovelTvis piradad ar
urTierToben eqspertTan, romelic ufro ganyenebulia. da
kargad momzadebulma advokatma SesaZloa sakmarisi codna
miiRos eqspertis sferoSi da SeewinaaRmdegos mis Cvenebas.
eqspertis sandoobis dadastureba
mosamarTlem unda gansazRvros is, rom eqspertis Cvenebas
sando safuZveli aqvs gansaxilveli mimarTulebiT codnis
da gamocdilebis saxiT da rom Cveneba Seesabameba warmodge-
nil faqtebs. radganac sasamarTloebs farTo diskrecia aqvT
dacviT funqciasTan mimarTebiT, eqspertis Cveneba Seswavlil
unda iqnes relevanturobasTan da sandoobasTan mimarTebiT.
eqspertizis sferoebi, romlebic dasaSvebi iyo warsulSi,
daeqvemdebareba yuradRebiT Seswavlas, imaSi dasarwmuneblad,
rom daskvna sarwmuno meTodologias emyareba. meTodologiasa
da mis gamoyenebaze miTiTeba, nacvlad eqspertizis sferoze
miTiTebisa, arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa.
jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis momzadeba
Tqven unda isargebloT aRmoCenisa da sakuTari kvlevis
upiratesobebiT _ unda moipovoT Tanaswori sawyisebi mowi-
naaRmdege mxaris eqspertTan. eqspertis jvaredini dakiTx-
visTvis Tqven Zalian kargad unda gaecnoT ara marto mtkice-
bulebas aramed aseve mowmis kvalifikaciebs.
294
daiwyeT imis gansazRvriT, aris Tu ara es eqsperti
keTilsindisieri an ubralod Tavisi sferos profesionali.
moipoveT eqspertis TiToeuli wignis, statiis, samecniero
naSromis, Tezisis, disertaciis da moxsenebis aslebi. moipoveT
im sasamarTlo ganxilvebis Canawerebi, sadac eqspertma Cveneba
misca. moiZieT eqspertis saxeli sxvadasxva eleqtronul mo-
nacemTa bazaSi. SeiswavleT sasarCelo gancxadebebis indeqsi
Sesabamis sferoebSi. gadaamowmeT eqspertis profesiuli sta-
tusi Sesabamis licenziis gamcem organoebSi.
Sesabamis sferoSi moqmed eqspertebTan konsultaciis gav-
la arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis. mowme
eqspertis fsiqologiuri upiratesoba mniSvnelovnad mcird-
eba, rodesac Tqven iseve erkveviT imave sferoSi. romelime
eqspertis an misi kolegebis mier dawerili wignebis an sa-
mecniero naSromebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba
eqspertis daskvnas, Tqven SegiZliaT SeasustoT eqspertis
profesiuli imiji.
gamowvevebi jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelisTvis
SejibrebiTi sistema didwilad damokidebulia jvaredini
dakiTxvis ganmaxorcielebel advokatze, romelmac unda ga-
moaaSkaravos is farglebi, romlebSic misi Cveneba Camoyali-
bda im mxaris mier, vinc is daiqirava. nafis msajulebs aqvT
ufleba icodnen realurad vin gascems Cvenebas da es maT
realurad unda gaigon jvaredini dakiTxvisas. Tqven unda
ecadoT, gamoaaSkaravoT eqspertis Secdomebi, kvlevasTan da-
kavSirebuli problemebi, romlebic ZiriTad xazad gasdevs
eqspertis daskvnas da eqspertis gancxadebasa da mis xelT
arsebuli faqtebis Sesabamisobis xarvezi.
maSinac ki, rodesac mowinaaRmdege mxaris eqsperti gamoiZ-
axes eqspertis samuSaoSi samecniero an sxva teqnikur xarve-
zebis aRmosaCenad, mxolod Tqven SegiZliaT miuTiToT mom-
wvevis advokatis kontrolze, rogorc am xarvezebis ganmapir-
obebelze. nafici msajulebisTvis sasargebloa hqondeT imaze
meti, vidre Cvenebis mimcemi eqspertebis winaaRmdegobrivi
Cvenebebia. Tu Tqven daamtkicebT, rom mowinaRmdege mxaris
295
advokatma isargebla gadaWarbebuli kontroliT eqspertze,
nafic msajulebs eqnebaT ara marto xarvezebis mtkicebuleba,
aramed aseve am xarvezebis mizezebis mtkicebulebebi. Sedegebi
aryevs eqspertis keTilsindisierebas.
sarwmunoobis gonivruli xarisxi
ar unda arsebobdes eqspertis Cvenebis absoluturi dama-
jereblobis moTxovna. Tumca, eqspertis mxridan axsnis Teor-
iam unda daakmayofilos „sarwmunoobis gonivruli xarisxis~
standarti. Sesabamisad Tqven SegiZliaT jvaredini dakiTxvi-
sas eqsperts hkiTxoT, aqvs Tu ara mis daskvnas samecniero,
samedicino an sxva teqnikuri damajerebloba. miuxedavad imi-
sa, rom es standarti ver adgens konkretul cnebas, stand-
arti mouwodebs am sferoSi zogadad aRiarebul ganmartebiT
TeoriasTan Sesabamisobisken. eqspertis mxridan daskvnis dar-
wmunebiT gadmocemis SeuZlebloba ar imoqmedebs mis dasaSve-
bobaze, magram Seasustebs misi moqmedebis Zalas.
daskvnis safuZveli
radganac mtkicebuleba „gonivrulad sandoa~, eqspertis
daskvna SeiZleba gavandoT nafic msajulebs. xSirad amis
gansazRvra mosamarTleebisTvis Zalian rTulia. es moiTxovs
mosamarTleebisgan Seafason monacemi, romelsac isini ar ic-
noben da is sferoebi, romelSic isini ar arian eqspertebi.
zogi sasamarTlo iseTi liberaluri iyo am standartTan
mimarTebiT, rom eqsperts SeeZloa nebismier sakiTxze Cvenebis
micema, Tuki es nafic msajulebs daexmareboda.
jvaredini dakiTxvisas Tqven SegiZliaT eWvqveS daayenoT
im monacemebis validuroba, romlebsac eqsperti daeyrdno.
Tqven SegiZliaT es gaakeToT im dokumenturi mtkicebule-
bebis CvenebiT, romlebic adgens, rom eqspertis daskvnebs ar
iziareben am sferos cnobili warmomadgenlebi.
Tqveni, rogorc jvaredini dakiTxvis ganmaxorcielebeli
piris amocanaa, gansazRvroT, Tu romeli faqtebi da riskebi
296
iyo eqspertis daskvnaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani da Semdeg
eWvqveS daayenoT Cveneba imis aRniSvniT, rom daskvnebi gansx-
vavebuli iqneba, Tu faqtebi Seicvleba an damatebiTi faqte-
bi iqneba navaraudevi. sasamarTlom, magaliTad, SeiZleba ar
dauSvas Cveneba Tu ar arsebobs mtkicebuleba, romelic gaa-
myarebda hipoTeturi kiTxvebis safuZvels, romelsac eqsper-
ti pasuxobda. da saapelacio sasamarTlos SeuZlia Secvalos
verdiqti, Tuki arsebiTi faqtebi, romelzec eqsperti Tavis
Cvenebas amyarebda, ewinaaRmdegeboda am saqmesTan mimarTebiT
damtkicebul faqtebs.
mowmis diskreditacia
jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelma pirvel rigSi Sesa-
Zloa moaxdinos mowmis diskreditacia imis CvenebiT, rom
eqsperti ar aris sakmarisad kvalificiuri Cvenebis misacemad;
mag., eqsperts ar gaaCnia saTanado codna, unarebi, gamoc-
dileba, momzadeba an ganaTleba. eqspertis moqmedebis zusti
sferos miTiTebiT Tqven SegiZliaT warmoaCinoT, rom esa Tu
is sfero pirdapir SesabamisobaSi ar aris im sakiTxebTan,
razec eqspertma Cveneba misca. amis warmoCeniT dasturdeba,
rom mowme ar aris sakmarisad kvalificiuri imisTvis, rom
rogorc eqspertma Cveneba misces am sakiTxze, Cveneba Sesa-
Zloa gamoiricxos srulad da sul mcire, Tqven SeamcirebT
mowmis sandoobas.
mowmis diskreditaciis kidev erTi efeqturi saSuale-
baa eqspertis daskvnaSi araakuratulobis mtkicebulebis an
yalbi varaudebi da arazusti faqtebi, romlebsac efuZneba
daskvna. aseve SesaZloa sasargeblo iyos am sakiTxebis dra-
matizebis mTavari Tema. magaliTad, SesaZloa gamanadgurebeli
iyos imis Cveneba, rom eqsperti Tavis kvlevaSi fokusirda
mxolod erT specializebul sferoze, rom eqsperts Cveneba
aqvs micemuli mxolod erTi mxaris saxeliT, an is, rom
eqsperti profesionali mowmea, magram ara praqtikosi.
Tqveni sakuTari eqsperti SesaZloa Zalian sasargeblo
iyos mowinaaRmdege mxaris eqspertis mier daskvnis safuZvlad
297
gamoyenebuli argumentebis an Teoriis araswori momentebis
aRniSvna da daxmareba efeqturi jvaredini dakiTxvis momzade-
baSi. ar arsebobs mowinaaRmdege mxaris jvaredini dakiTxvis
mzadebis Canacvlebis saSualeba.
efeqtiani jvaredini dakiTxvis stili
sasamarTlos SeuZlia ar dauSvas eqspertis Cveneba, Tu-ki
es Cveneba ar exmareba faqtebis mkvlevars. Cvenebas ar aqvs
damxmare funqcia, Tu is kumulatiuria, hipoTeturia, speku-
laciuria an nafici msajulebis zogad codnas efuZneba. Cvene-
bas ar aqvs damxmare xasiaTi faqtebis damdgenisTvis, Tuki
is ar exmareba nafic msajulebs winaaRmdegobrivi sakiTxis
gadaWraSi.
yvelaze efeqtiani jvaredini dakiTxva Semoifargleba
im sakiTxebiT rac gamotovebul iqna pirdapiri dakiTxvi-
sas. Tqveni amocanaa aCvenoT, rom eqspertma gaakeTa Seusa-
bamo gancxadebebi an mikerZoebulia. Tqven SegiZliaT sakma-
risi informacia miiRoT mowmis mier gansamartav sakiTxze,
raTa upiratesobaSi aRmoCndeT SeusabamobasTan, magram erideT
eqspertTan diskusiaSi Sesvlas mis mier wamoWril sakiTxze.
Tqveni brZolis arenaa sasamarTlo darbazi _ CaeWideT Tqvens
upiratesobebs.
jvaredini dakiTxvis efeqtianoba didwilad damokidebulia
Tqvens perspeqtivaze, SeigrZnoT mowmis ganwyobebi da reaqcia.
Tqven mkveTr upiratesobas unda flobdeT kiTxvebis dasmisas,
ise rom mowmem ver SeZlos iseTi vrceli axsna-ganmartebis
gakeTeba, romelic Tqven kontrols ar daeqvemdebareba. kidev
erTi taqtikaa, ecadoT dakiTxvis adreul stadiazeve eqsper-
tisgan „ki~ an „ara~ pasuxebis miRebas. pasuxebisTvis winaaR-
mdegobis gaweva, rogorc araamomwuravebisTvis kidev erTi
gzaa saziano pasuxebis Tavidan asacileblad.
subieqturi gadawyvetileba
Tqven aseve unda ecadoT eqspertisgan moipovoT imis aRi-
areba, rom daskvna Seicavs zogierT subieqtur Sefasebebs.
298
nebismier dargSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs gadawyvetilebebis
miRebas, yovelTvis hkiTxeT eqsperts xom ar cdeba is, an aris
Tu ara sxvagvari interpretacia Tanabrad sando. aRiarebebis
mopovebisas, ecadeT gamoiyenoT iseTi frazebi, rogoricaa:
„rogorc gonieri adamiani, SegiZliaT ar daeTanxmoT~...
Tqven unda iyoT mtkice, magram pativs scemdeT:
k: Tqveni dRevandeli Cveneba cdeba Tqveni eqspertizis
sferos, ar meTanxmebiT?
p: ara, es ar Seesabameba simarTles.
k: male ufro vrclad ganvixilavT am sakiTxs, magram ar
meTanxmebiT, rom Tqven abuqebT garemoebebs, rodesac amt-
kicebT, rom sikvdilis mizezi daxrCobaa?
p: ara, mcirediTac ki ara.
k: SesaZlebelia, rom Tqven daeyrdeniT imas, rac polici-
is gamomZieblebma gangicxades, nacvlad imisa, rom samedicino
daskvnas dayrdnobodiT?
praqtikuli miniSnebebi jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis
 gamoiyeneT bolo kurseli studentebis gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba eqspertis kvalifikaciis, gamocemebis an
wina Cvenebebis Seswavlis mizniT. maT esmiT es sfero
da nakleb Zvirad Rirebulebi arian, vidre ukve pro-
fesionalebi.
 gaarkvieT aqvs Tu ara eqsperts reklama da Tu, ki,
aris Tu ara es reklama vulgarulad calmxrivi.
 hkiTxeT Tqvens eqsperts, romelic Cvenebas ar iZleva,
am eqspertis Sesaxeb da Tu saWiroa, moiZieT damatebiT
informacia am eqspertis Sesaxeb.
 esaubreT advokatebs, romelic wina saqmeebSi am eqsper-
tis mowinaaRmdege mxares iyo.
 ecadeT gamoiyenoT TvalsaCinoebebi, romlebic gamoiy-
enes eqspertis Cvenebisas wina saqmeebSi.
299
 konstruqciuli dakiTxva destruqciuli dakiTxvis pirispir
konstruqciul jvaredin dakiTxvas upiratesoba unda
hqondes destruqciul jvaredin dakiTxvasTan mimarTebiT.
ufro gonivrulia gamoyoT is sakiTxebi, romlebic amyarebs
Tqvens argumentebs, sanam eqspertis sandoobis sakiTxs
daayenebT.
gamokveTeT, xom ar eTanxmeba jvaredini dakiTxvis adresati
eqsperti Tqvens eqsperts. konkretulad ki, warmoadgineT
Tqveni eqspertis mier gamoyenebuli monacemebi da sxva
safuZvlebi da hkiTxeT mowinaaRmdege mxaris eqsperts,
Tanabrad aRiareben da eTanxmebian Tu ara mas da Tqvens
eqsperts am sferos eqspertebi. daadgineT eqspertisTvis
dadgenili SezRudvebi sasamarTlo ganxilvis moTxovnebidan
gamomdinare. Tu eqsperts ar surs daeTanxmos sakiTxs
konstruqciuli jvaredini dakiTxvisas, gadadeT am sakiTxis
ganxilva destruqciuli jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis.
ecadeT dasvaT daxuruli kiTxvebi imisaTvis, rom
eqspertma gipasuxoT „ki~ an „ara~ da ar hqondes sakuTari
pasuxis Semdgomi ganvrcobis SesaZlebloba. Tu kiTxva naTeli
da samarTliania, mowmis mxridan ganmarteba SesaZloa am
argumentisgan gaqcevas daemsgavsos. Tuki sakiTxi naklebad
mniSvnelovania, Tqven SegiZliaT kvlav sTxovoT mowmes
Semoifarglos pasuxiT „ki~ an „ara~.
Sesabamisi tonis SesarCevad, daiwyeT saSualo
mniSvnelobis sakiTxiT, rasTan dakavSirebiTac Tqven
sakontrolo masala gaqvT, rogoricaa werilobiTi Cveneba.
imisaTvis, rom mosamarTlem da naficma msajulebma daafason
is Tu ra informacias awvdiT maT, miuTiTeT im faqtebze,
romlebic eqspertma ar aRniSna Tavis analizSi. gaakritikeT
da ganagrZeT. gamoiyeneT mokle kiTxvebi, nacvlad grZeli,
daskvniTi kiTxvebisa.
ar misceT saSualeba eqsperts datovos mowmis skami da
mimarTos TvalsaCinoebebs. Tqveni ar unda gindodeT, rom
eqsperti wardges sainteresod da damarwmuneblad.
300
eqspertis kvalifikaciis eWvqveS dayeneba
daiwyeT imis CvenebiT, rom eqsperti ar aris kvalificiuri:
k: neba miboZeT davrwmunde, rom sworad gavige es. pirvel
rigSi, Tqven ar xarT medicinis dargis mecnieri, sworia?
p: diax, marTalia.
k: meore, Tqven ar gaqvT saTanado kvalifikacia imisTvis,
rom ganmartoT Tu ras gveubneba kvleva?
p: marTalia.
k: anu Tqven eyrdnobiT eqim mgelaZes, romelmac ganmarta
Tu ras vigebT mecnieruli kvlevidan?
p: diax.
mtkicebulebad daSvebuli informacia
eqsperts SeuZlia Tavisi mosazreba daamyaros faqtebs,
romlebTan dakavSirebiTac mowmeebma Cveneba misces sasamarT-
lo procesze. es moicavs dokumentebs, TvalsaCinoebebs,
faqtebs, monacemebs da daskvnebs, romlebic mopovebulia sxva
mowmeebisgan. eqspertma SeiZleba Tavisi daskvna daamyaros
konkretul varaudebs an faqtebs, romlebic sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvaze gamovlinda hipoTeturi kiTxvebiT, an eqspertma gaigo
sasamarTlo sxdomaze daswrebisas.
Tqven aucileblad unda miuTiToT Tu romel faqtebs daey-
rdno eqsperti da romeli faqtebi ar gaiTvaliswina daskvnis
gamotanisas. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT ar daeTanxmoT eqspertis
daskvnas araswori an araadekvaturi faqtobrivi varaudebis
gamovleniT, an imis CvenebiT, rom eqsperti daskvnis gamota-
nisas daeyrdno araswor da araadekvatur safuZvlebs.
rogorc jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelma, Tqven unda
SecvaloT faqtobrivi garemoebebi imis gansasazRvrad, Seicv-
leba Tu ara misi daskvna am cvlilebis Sesabamisad. Tqven
SegiZliaT hkiTxoT, magaliTad, „ras daaskvniT, Tu X varaudi
ar gamarTlda?~. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT Tqveni hipoTeza Ses-
TavazoT, romlis sworad formulirebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZle-
belia Tqveni sasargeblo ganmarteba miiRoT.
magaliTad:
301
 k: xom ar fiqrobT, rom ufro gonivruli iqneboda na-
fici msajulebisTvis Tqveni daskvnis wardgenamde sakuTari
kvlevis Catareba, nacvlad imisa, rom bralmdebels dayrdno-
bodiT?
informacia, romelic ar miiRes mtkicebulebad
eqspertebi xSirad afuZneben TavianT daskvnas iseT in-
formacias, romelic sasamarTlo darbazis gareT miiReT an
Tundac Tqven varauds da msjelobas ar efuZneba. umrav-
les iurisdiqciaTa mtkicebulebiTi wesis Tanaxmad, es sx-
vagvarad dauSvebeli mtkicebuleba daiSveba, Tu informacia
iseTia, romelsac am sferoSi moqmedi eqspertebi, rogorc
wesi, eyrdnobian. es kategoria moicavs iseTi tipis informa-
cias, romelsac eqspertebi profesiulad eyrdnobian daskvnis
formirebisas.
meore mxriv, eqsperts SeuZlia ar daafuZnos sakuTari
daskvna statistikas, romelic momzadda sasamarTlo ganx-
ilvisTvis, magram ar warmoadgens damoukidebeli kvlevis
nawils; werilobiT Cvenebas, romelic emyareba dausabuTebel
varaudebs; an mxareebisa da mowmeebis Cvenebas.
Tu sasamarTlo aRmoaCens, rom am sferos eqspertebi am
eqspertis mier gamoyenebul mtkicebulebebs eyrdnobian zoga-
dad, Tqven mainc SegiZliaT scadoT daadginoT, rom, miuxe-
davad yvelafrisa, daskvna ar aris sando. Tumca, miuxedavad
imisa, rom TerapevtisTvis SeiZleba dasabuTebuli iyos misi
pacientis gancxadebaze dayrdnoba, Tqven, rogorc jvaredini
dakiTxvis warmmarTvelma, SesaZloa es gancxadeba daaxasiaTon,
rogorc arasarwmuno.
Seswavlili samecniero naSromebi
sasamarTlom SesaZloa dasaSvebad miiCnios Seswavlil
samecniero naSromebSi mocemuli gancxadebebi: Tuki es naS-
romi miCneuli iqneba sando avtoritetad eqspertis Cvenebis
safuZvelze, romelsac Tqven jvaredinad dahkiTxavT, maSin
302
Canaweris Sesabamisi nawilebi SeiZleba miCneul iqnes arsebiT
mtkicebulebad. amtkiceT, rom: (1) eqspertma unda daamtkicos,
rom samecniero naSroms aqvs sando avtoriteti; (2) samec-
niero naSromze mowme eqspertma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos
jvaredini dakiTxvisas; da (3) Sesabamisi nawyvetebi mas Semdeg
rac dasaSvebad miiCneva, SeiZleba gamoqveyndes mtkicebulebad,
magram ara rogorc TvalsaCinoeba.
rodesac mowme avtoritetul samecniero naSroms eyrd-
noba Tavisi daskvnis formirebisas, Tqven SegiZliaT gamoikv-
lioT mowmisTvis xelmisawvdomi wyaroebi, romlebic gamoiy-
enes daskvnisTvis da aseve isini, romlebic uaryves. Tuki
eqsperti samecniero naSroms avtoritetulad aRiarebs, Tqven
SegiZliaT is gamoiyenoT mowmisTvis winaaRmdegobis gasaw-
evad, miuxedavad imisa, mowme daeyrdno mas Tu ara.
piradi mikerZoebisa da interesis gamoaSkaraveba
eqspertis diskreditaciis gavrcelebuli gzaa mikerZoe-
bis, an piradi interesis dadgena im mxaresTan mimarTebiT,
romelmac eqsperti moiwvia. marTalia Tqven iciT, rom eqsper-
ti daqiravebuli iaraRia, magram SesaZloa naficma msajulebma
es ar icodnen. amitom Tqven unda gamoikvlioT misTvis gadax-
dili sazRauris Sesaxeb informacia, gadaixades Tu ara saz-
Rauri da am eqspertis mier mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatTan
Cvenebis micemis sixSire. Tuki eqsperti muSaobs eqspertizis
erovnul biuroSi, Tqven SegiZliaT miuTiToT mikerZoebaze
zedmeti CaZiebis gareSec:
k: Tqven erovnul saeqsperto biuroSi muSaobT, ara?
p: namdvilad.
k: da es biuro samTavrobo dawesebulebaa, ara?
p: diax. realurad es biuro iusticiis saministros da-
qvemdebarebaSia.
k: anu yvela, vinc biuroSi muSaobs, iusticiis samini-
strosTvis muSaobs, ara?
p: diax.
303
 k: Tqveni zemdgomi iusticiis saministrosTvis muSaobs?
p: diax.
k: vin aris iusticiis ministri?
p:...
k: prokurorebic iusticiis saministrosTvis muSaoben?
p: diax.
k: anu Tqven da prokurorebs erTi xelmZRvaneli gyavT?
p: diax.
eqspertis mier ganxiluli masalebis gamoqveyneba
jvaredini dakiTxvis moxerxebul Camtarebels SeuZlia
aRmoaCinos eqspertis mier Seswavlili masalebis arasakmari-
soba:
k: Tuki farTod gadavavlebT Tvals im masalebs, romle-
bic prokurorma gadmogcaT gansaxilvelad da im masalebs,
romlebic Tqven TviTon aRmoaCineT, Cven gveqneba mxolod ori
Sekvra, marTalia?
Tqveni eqspertis momzadeba jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis
axla rolebi icvleba da Tqven unda daicvaT Tqveni
eqsperti mowinaaRmdege advokatis mxaridan jvaredini da-
kiTxvisas. miuxedavad amisa, Tqvenma eqspertma unda SeZlos
sando da damoukidebeli mowmis imijis SenarCuneba, visac saq-
mis SedgebTan mimarTebiT aranairi interesi ar gaaCnia. Tqveni
amocanaa, daexmaroT eqsperts gaiaros jvaredini dakiTxva
moTminebis dakargvis, daskvnebis Secvlis, TavdacviT pozicia-
Si gadasvlisa da sakuTari mosazrebebis gadafasebis gareSe.
Semdegi sakiTxebi unda gaiTvaliswinos Tqvenma eqspertma
imisaTvis, rom gaiazros ZiriTadi wesebi da miniSnebebi Tqveni
Cvenebis damarwmunebeli gavlenis gasaZliereblad.
da damabnevel kiTxvas dausvamen.
Tqven unda urCioT eqsperts:
 rom Tu hkiTxaven, esaubra Tu ara advokats saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT, man unda upasuxos, rom maT, ra Tqma
unda, isaubres.
304
 ar warmoadginos daskvnebi im sferoSi, raSic
mas eqspertuli codna ar gaaCnia da Tavisuflad
gaacnobieros Tavisi eqspertizis farglebi.
 ar daiwyos gamocnoba, ar gadaaWarbos daskvnebs da ar
SeeSindes imis aRiareba, rom raRac kiTxvaze ar aqvs
pasuxi.
 moamzados pasuxebi sanam saubars daiwyebs, gadaamowmos
Tavisi pasuxebi im nebismier CanawerTan mimarTebiT, rac
misi Cvenebis Sesaxeb arsebobs da pasuxis gacemamde
gaakeTos pauza imisTvis, rom Tqven mogceT protestis
gamoxatvis saSualeba.
 ar misces sakuTar Tavs saSualeba kiTxvebs gasces
„ki~ an „ara~ pasuxebi, Tuki WeSmaritebis dasadgenad
kvalificiuri pasuxia saWiro.
 mzad iyos imisTvis, rom axsnas Tavisi analizis
TiToeuli nabiji da ra vada dasWirda TiToeuli
moqmedebisTvis.
 moemzados imisTvis, rom axsnas, Tu ratom ar gamoiyena
Semowmebis konkretuli meTodologia.
 mzad iyos imisTvis, rom axsnas, ratom ar eTanxmeba am
sferoSi moqmed sxva avtoritetebs.
 Tavi aaridos romelime wyaroze rogorc avtoritetulze
miTiTebas, aramed miuTiTos am wyaroze, rogorc
sasargebloze zog sferoSi.
 mzad iyos misi sazRauris ganxilvisTvis Tavis aridebis
gareSe.
damabneveli kiTxvebi
Tqveni mowme SesaZloa elodos imas, rom mraval CamWrel
es moicavs Semdegs:
 Serwymuli kiTxvebi: Tuki erTi kiTxva meore kiTxvaSi
imaleba, mowmem unda sTxovos advokats am kiTxvebis
305
 gancalkeveba, sanam is pasuxs gascems.
 ormagi uaryofa: dabnevis albaToba aSkaraa.
 araswori citireba an araswori daxasiaTeba: es gansa-
kuTrebiT sazianoa Tu moicavs Tavad am eqspertis wina
Cvenebas an gamocemas. eqspertma unda gaasworos mcire
Secdomebic ki.
 Careva an damoukideblad sakmarisi mizezebi: gavrcele-
buli xriki kiTxvebSi SeiZleba moicavdes Carevas an
damoukideblad sakmaris mizezs hipoTetur kiTxvaSi.
Tuki zogi wayenebuli piroba mniSvnelovnad cdeba
faqts, eqspertma es advokatis yuradRebis qveS unda
moaqcios.
 arasaTanado hipoTeturi kiTxvebi: jvaredini dakiTxvi-
sas dasmuli hipoTeturi kiTxvebi xSirad ar Seicavs
sakmaris informacias an zust informacias daskvnis
gasamyareblad. eqspertma unda ganacxados, ra aklia an
am formiT dasmul kiTxvas ver upasuxebs.
 zogadi, farTo kiTxvebi: mowmem pasuxi unda gasces
zustad, damajereblad da rac SeiZleba lakoniurad.
praqtikuli rCevebi jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis
ramdenime sakiTxia, romlebsac rogorc kiTxvebs pasuxi
unda gasces eqspertma. eqsperts unda SeaxsenoT, rom:
 ar aris aucilebeli, rom yvela kiTxvas upasuxoT da
ar iqneba problema, Tu aRiarebT, rom kiTxvaze pasuxi
ar gaqvT.
 yuradRebiT unda mousminoT kiTxvas da ar upasuxoT,
sanam ar darwmundebiT, rom kargad gaigeT kiTxva.
 ar upasuxoT kiTxvas, Tu ar eTanxmebiT, sanam mosamar-
Tle ar miiRebs amis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas.
 nebayoflobiT ar unda gaamJRavnoT iseTi informacia,
romelic ar mouTxoviaT.
 unda daakonkretoT maTi kiTxva imisaTvis, rom gasceT
zusti da damajerebeli pasuxi.
 kiTxvis pasuxad unda gasceT faqtobrivi informacia
306
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu iciT faqtebi.
 unda upasuxoT yvela kiTxvas damajereblad.
 ar unda gaazviadoT.
 unda iyoT obieqturi da miukerZoebeli.
 ar unda moityuoT.
 ar unda gaayalboT.
 unda iyoT gonivruli da samarTliani.
simulacia sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis
eqspertisTvis jvaredin dakiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT ner-
viulobis mosaxsnelad Tqven unda CaataroT jvaredini da-
kiTxvis simulacia. simulacia wesiTac da SinaarsiTac unda
Seesabamebodes im wesebsa da mtkicebulebebs, romelsac sa-
samarTlo ganxilvisas gamoiyeneben. Tqven maqsimalurad unda
ecadoT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mimikebis simulacias.
kiTxvebic unda dasvaT maqsimalurad imave stilSi, ra-
sac mowinaaRmdege mxare iyenebs. aman SeiZleba Tavidan agaci-
loT kiTxvis arasworad gagebis zogadi problemebi. Tqven da
eqspertma unda ganixiloT is gzebi, romliTac mas SeeZleba
SeewinaaRmdegos kiTxvebs pirdapiri dakiTxvisTvis naklebi
zianis miyenebiT.
yvela savarjiSo jvaredin dakiTxvaSi unda iyos „satyu-
ara~ kiTxvebi, rogoricaa, gadauxades Tu ara mowmes Cvene-
bis micemisTvis da xom ar usayveduria advokats mowmisTvis
Cvenebis micemamde. Tqven unda SeecadoT mowmis dabnevas da
aRelvebas iseve, rogorc amas Seecdeba mowinaaRmdege mxaris
advokati sasamarTlo ganxilvisas.
Tqven aseve unda miuTiToT im sferoze, romlebSic eqsper-
ti da mowinaRmdege mxaris eqsperti Tanxmdebian. eqsperti
unda gaafrTxiloT, rom ar unda elodos xriks yvela kiTx-
vaSi da rom misaRebia mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatTan da-
Tanxmeba Sesabamis garemoebebSi. eqspertma unda akontrolos
mRelvareba. Tu jvaredini dakiTxvis ganmaxorcielebelma ad-
vokatma SeZlo sibrazis da sarkazmis warmoCenis provocire-
ba, maSin man warmatebiT moaxdina eqspertis Cvenebis diskre-
307
ditacia. eqspertma ar unda gamoavlinos gaRizianeba, mowyena,
daRliloba an gaoceba.
eqspertis amocanaa gamoavlinos profesionalizmi da go-
nivruli damajerebloba, romelic nafic msajulebs daarwmu-
nebs imaSi, rom man icis Tu raze laparakobs.
kontrolis SenarCuneba
eqspertma jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvels ar unda mis-
ces imis saSualeba, rom man „sityvebi Caudos pirSi~, rogorc
amas es gamocdili eqsperti akeTebs:
k: arsebobs kargi argumenti imis dasadastureblad, Tu
ratom ar Cndeba es piroba Tqveni Zilis dros, asea?
p: me ar veTanxmebi Tqvens daxasiaTebas, rom es ar xdeba
xSirad Tqveni Zilis dros.
eqspertma ar unda dauSvas misi mTavari argumentis da-
kargva:
p: faqtia, rom msxverpli eweoda ocdaaTi wlis ganmav-
lobaSi. da, saboloo jamSi, riskis gaTvla ar iyo zusti,
radganac batoni davisi ebrZoda mZime aTerosklerozs. es
aris mniSvnelovani faqti am saqmeSi, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ras
miviCnevT Cven riskis maCveneblad.
jvaredini dakiTxvis warmmarTvelis konkretulad mimar-
Tul enaze miTiTeba efeqtiani teqnikaa:
k: saidan daaskveniT, rom msoflioSi yvela mtkicebulebe-
bi miuTiTebs imaze, rom xangrZlivi mweveloba iwvevs uecar
sikvdils gulis SeteviT?
p: imedi maqvs naficma msajulebma gaiges fraza, „msoflio-
Si ar arsebobs mtkicebulebebi~.
me ar miTqvams rom aranairi mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs.
magram, vfiqrob, rom Tu Tqven gadaxedavT mtkicebulebebs er-
Tianad, arsebobs damajerebeli kvlevebi, romlebic miuTiTebs,
rom grZelvadiani mwevelobis Sedegebi zrdis moulodneli
gulis SeteviT sikvdilis albaTobas.
308
eqsperts SeuZlia warmoaCinos sakiTxis sirTule:
k: ar vfiqrob, rom Tqveni ganmarteba zustad asaxavs kv-
levas.
p: vfiqrob, rom es iseTi saxis kvlevaa, romlis Sedegebis
interpretacia rTulia.
zogadad, eqsperti SeiZleba Zalian xistic iyos:
p: Tqven araswor interpretacias ukeTebT Cems Cvenebas.
naficma msajulebma Zalian yuradRebiT unda mousminon am
ganmartebas. me vlaparakob gulis SeteviT uecar sikvdilze
da Tqven saubrobT yvela kardiologiur movlenaze.
Semajamebeli kiTxvebi eqsperts karg Sesavals uqmnis pa-
suxisTvis:
k: ar meTanxmebiT, rom msxverpli gardaicvala im mizeziT,
rom mis guls ar miewodeboda sakmarisi JangbadiT gajere-
buli sisxli? da Sesabamisad is daaxrCves?
p: ara. me Cemi sityvebiT unda avxsna. me am sityvebsac
gamoviyeneb. vfiqrob, rom baton Carlzs hqonda mwvave aT-
erosklerozi. aseve vfiqrob, rom arsebobs imis mtkiceb-
uleba, rom mas hqonda qronikuli iSemia. avtopsiam aCvena,
rom mas hqonda fibrozi da gulis miokardiuli infarqti,
amitomac gardaicvala.
mikerZoebis Sesaxeb dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
jvaredini dakiTxvis ganmaxorcielebeli yovelTvis Se-
ecdeba mikerZoebis Cvenebas. warmogidgenT karg pasuxebs:
k: Tqven Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetisTvis muS-
aobT, ara?
p: diax.
k: da dasacavi piri aseve Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetisTvis muSaobs, marTalia?
p: marTalia. me saeqsperto paTologiis profesori var
universitetSi da dasacavi piri sameurneo nawilSi muSaobs,
me mxolod erTxel Sevxvdi mas, rodesac is movida saleqcio
darbazSi naTuris Sesacvlelad.
309
 samecniero naSromebis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven arasdros aRiaroT samecniero
naSromis avtoritetuloba, miuxedavad jvaredini dakiTxvis
ganmaxorcielebelis mxridan zewolisa:
k: rubini paTologiis Sesaxeb Tqvens sferoSi bibliad
iTvleba, es asea?
p: es paTologiis saxelmZRvaneloa da farTod aris
gavrcelebuli da aRiarebuli.
k: es saxelmZRvanelo aSkarad avtoritetulia, ara?
p: ara.
k: Tqven mas ar miiCnevT avtoritetad.
p: ara. yvela saxelmZRvanelo literaturis Sejameba da
analizia. eseni avtorTa mosazrebebia. raRac sakiTxebi swo-
rad aris warmodgenili, sxvebi arasworad.
sazRaurTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
imis aRiareba, rom sazRauri gadagixades, efeqturia.
k: Tqven gadagixades dacvis mxarisTvis gaweuli konsul-
taciisTvis, ara?
p: ki, ase iyo.
warmogidgenT SemosavalTan dakavSirebul kiTxvaze kargi
pasuxis versias:
p: Cemi erTiani Semosavali naTlad aris warmodgenili
sagadasaxado angariSfaqturebze. ar aris sasiamovno piradi
Semosavlebis sajarod ganxilva, radganac adamianebi amas pi-
rad informaciad ganixilaven. Zalian gamimarTla, rom aseTi
samsaxuri maqvs da es aris Cemi Semosavali, romlis misaReba-
dac Zalian bevrs vSromob.
310
sasamarTlo ganxilva 48
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa
ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
mkvlelobis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilva SesaZloa ufro
xangrZlivad gagrZeldes, meti gamoxmaureba mohyves da ufro
meti mowme iyos CarTuli, vidre sisxlis samarTlis sxva
saxis saqmeTa SemTxvevaSi. Tumca sisxlis samarTlis sxva
saxis saqmeTa sasamarTlo ganxilvebis ZiriTadi praqtika
TiTqmis erTgvarovania. magram mainc aris ramdenime sakiTxi,
romelic ganxilvas saWiroebs.
sasamarTlo paTanatomia
paTanatomiis eqsperti aris eqimi, romelsac gaaCnia spe-
cialuri codna sikvdilis (gardacvalebis) sakiTxebSi. sa-
samarTlo paTanatomiis eqsperts damatebiTi codna gaaCnia
samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiTac. sasamarTlo pa-
Tanatomiis im eqspertebs, romlebic uflebamosilni arian
48 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. ra-
bini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011).
Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.
2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis
teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis
gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:
copyright@abanet.org.
311
imuSaon Statis iurisdiqciis donis farglebSi, xSirad
samedicino eqspertebsac eZaxian, Tumca terminologia sx-
vadasxva iurisdiqciaSi gansxvavebulia. iSviaTad samedicino
eqsperts specializrebul gamomZiebels eZaxian49, Tumca bevr
iurisdiqciaSi arseboben gamomZieblebi, romlebic arCeuli
Tanamdebobis pirebi arian da ara eqimebi. meore mxriv, Cveu-
lebriv (magram ara yovelTvis) samedicino eqspertebi sa-
samarTlo paTanatomiuri eqspertizis specialistebi arian.
sasamarTlo paTanatomiis eqspertebs SeuZliaT monaw-
ileoba miiRon sikvdilis mizezis dadgenaSi, gamoikvlion da-
naSauliT an sxva kanondarRvevis Sedegad gamowveuli daziane-
bebi, da sxeulisa da materialuri qsovilis nawilebi iseTi
danaSaulebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa gaupatiureba. samedi-
cino eqsperti atarebs avtofsias (gvamis gakveTas) saxelmwi-
fos saxeliT da xSirad uwevs sasamarTloze Cvenebis micema
sikvdilis mizezebis Sesaxeb. iurisdiqciaTa umetesobaSi ga-
nixilaven sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezebis xuT kategorias:
mkvleloba, ubeduri SemTxveva, bunebrivi gardacvaleba, TviT-
mkvleloba da daudgeneli mizezi50. sasamarTlo paTanatomiis
eqspertebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan sakuTari mosazreba iseTi
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa sikvdilis dro; xom ar hqo-
nia adgili gvamis gadaadgilebas Sesabamisi organoebis (an
sxva pirebis) mier mis aRmoCenamde; romeli dazianeba iqna
miyenebuli Tavdapirvelad; dazianebebi sikvdilamde iqna miy-
enebuli, Tu sikvdilis Semdeg; aseve gamoyenebul iaraRTan
dakavSirebiT.
Cveulebriv samedicino eqspertizis ofisSi gamomZieble-
bic hyavT, romlebic mtkicebulebebis mopovebaze/Segrovebaze
muSaoben51.
49 termin `iurisdiqciaSi~ moviazrebT SeiaraRebuli Zalebis patalo-
giebis instituts.
50 am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb rekomendebuli sakiTxavi literatura: Forensic
Pathology in Criminal Cases (MICHIE, 3D ED. 2006); Randy L. Hanzlick, et al., Forensic
Pathology in Criminal Cases (LEXIS 2000).
51 Nat’l Inst, of Justice, Death Investigation: A Guide for the Scene Investigator
(1999). (Tavdapirvelad 1997 wels daibeWda saxelwodebiT `sikvdilis gamoZa-
xebis erovnuli gaidlaini~).
312
mometebuli safrTxis mqone iaraRebi
sasamarTlo ganxilvaze martivi principi moqmedebs mom-
etebuli safrTxis mqone iaraRis warmodgenasTan/demonstri-
rebasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTisaTvis, rogoricaa cecxl-
sasroli iaraRi. masTan mopyrobisas swored ise imoqmedeT,
rogorc zogadad saxifaTo nivTs unda moepyraT. ratom aris
es mniSvnelovani? rodesac prokurori waradgens aseT nivTs
sasamarTloze, misi poziciisTvis mniSvnelovania, rom naficma
msajulebma gaaTviTcnobieron, rom es namdvilad saxifaTo
iaraRia da SesaZlebelia gamxdariyo da gaxda kidec adamianis
sikvdilis mizezi. xolo dacvis mxaris poziciidan, Tqvens
interesSia, rom naficma msajulebma araseriozul adamianad
ar aRgiqvan, da is, rom mosamarTlisagan usafrTxoebis we-
sebis darRvevis gamo gafrTxileba ar miiRoT. amasTan, nafic
msajulebs Soris SeiZleba iyvnen pirebi, romelTac Tavadac
aqvT cecxlsasruli iaraRi, ician masTan mopyrobis wesebi da
Sesabamisad, araswori mopyroba maT aRSfoTebas gamoiwvevs52.
prokurors SeuZlia, rom avTenturobaze pasuxismgebl
samarTaldamcavi organos oficers sTxovos iaraRis Semow-
meba, raTa darwmundes, rom iaraRi usafrTxo reJimSia. es
procedura sasamarTlo ganxilvamde Sesrulebulic rom
iyos, SesaZlebelia gadamowmebis mizniT, kidev moiTxovoT
igives Sesruleba sasamarTlo darbazSi. Sesabamisad, ofi-
cers SeuZlia dagidasturoT, rom sasxleti Caketilia, anda
Camketi gaaqtiurebulia da sxva. es moqmedeba kidev erTxel
usvams xazs cecxlsasroli iaraRis saxifaToobas. Tuki iara-
Ris xelSi aRebas apirebT, arasodes mimarToT is konkre-
tuli pirovnebisaken. SesaZloa ukeTesi iyos, Tuki iaraRs
Tavad saerTod ar SeexebiT da amis nacvlad Sesabamis mowmes
sTxovT, rom gaCvenoT iaraRis detali, anda rogor muSaobs
konkretuli meqanizmi.
Tuki mniSvnelovania sabrZolo masalis kalibris garkveva,
izruneT, rom cecxlsasroli iaraRis eqspertma moaxdinos
52 zogierTi sasamarTlos wesebiT sasamarTlo darbazSi iaraRTan mo-
pyobis ufleba mxolod kanonaRmsrulebels, mowmeebs da nafic msajulebs aqvT.
msgavs iurisdiqciebSi nivTs mowmes, an nafic msajulebs mandaturi uCvenebs.
313
sxvadasxva kalibris prezentacia. Tuki iaraRi ganadgurebu-
lia, magram cnobilia misi mwarmoebeli da modeli, maSin
prokurorma imave warmoebisa da modelis iaraRis sasamarTlo
darbazSi saCveneblad motana unda uzrunvelyos.
dacvis mxarem unda Seiswavlos iaraRi, gansakuTrebiT
ki cecxlsasroli iaraRi, aseve unda icodes gansxvaveba
revolversa da naxevrad avtomatur pistolets, sanadiro
(gluvlulian) Tofsa da SaSxanas Soris. aseve gaarkvieT
ra raodenobis tyvia-wamlis maragia mWidSi. romel iaraRs
eZaxian naWdevian Tofs, romels `revolvers~ da romels _
sanadiro `gluvlulian Tofs~. es terminebi sinonimebi ar
aris. nafic msajulTa Soris SesaZloa aRmoCndnen pirebi,
romlebmac ician gansxvaveba am terminebs Soris, Sesabamisad,
Tuki advokati maT arasworad gamoiyenebs, msajulebis ndobas
dakargavs. am terminebSi gasarkvevad nebismieri cecxlsas-
roli iaraRis eqsperti, maT Soris, samarTaldamcavi organos
oficrebis umetesoba SeZlebs Tqvens daxmarebas.
cecxlsasroli iaraRis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo-balistikuri
eqspertizis daskvnis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba dagWir-
deT iseTi damatebiTi cnebebis Seswavla rogoricaa: sasxle-
tis moqaCvis Zala, tyviis gasrolis siCqare (rac SeiZleba
absoluturad gansxvavebuli iyos Tofisa da ceclxlsas-
roli iaraRis SemTxvevebSi), natyviaris zoma, tyviis kalibri
da sxva. es parametrebi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania orive
mxarisaTvis im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac saubaria iaraRis Tavdac-
vis mizniT gamoyenebaze. aseTi xasiaTis mtkicebuleba SeiZleba
eqsperti mowmis garda sxva mowmemac mogawodoT. magaliTad,
xSirad samedicino eqspertebi iZlevian xolme Cvenebas tyviis
mier gavlili gzis Sesaxeb, kuTxeebis da TviT kalibris, an
siCqaris Sesaxeb. xSirad paTanatomiis specialistisa da ce-
cxlsasroli iaraRis eqspertis CvenebaTa kombinacia sakmaod
karg suraTs qmnis imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra tipis iaraRidan moxda
gasrola, aseve srolis kuTxis, Wrilobasa da iaraRs Soris
arsebuli daSorebis Sesaxeb.
314
mowmeebis Tanmimdevroba
nafici msajulebi mowmeebis sandoobis xarisxs afaseben.
Cveulebriv amgvar daskvnas imis mixedviT akeTeben, Tu ramde-
nad zustad gadmoscems mowme faqtebs (sxva mtkicebulebebTan
mimarTebaSi) da ramdenad mzadaa Tqvas simarTle. dacvis mxa-
rem Cvenebebi ufro STambeWdavi rom gaxados, SeuZlia Ta-
vad gansazRvros ra TanmimdevrobiT gamoiZaxos mowmeebi, anu
gansazRvros mowmeTa mier Cvenebis micemis rigiToba.
Tavdapirvelad warmogidgenT sasamarTlo advokatirebis
zogad principebs mowmeTa gamoZaxebis TanmimdevrobasTan
mimarTebaSi. yvelaze Zlieri mowmeebi dasawyisSi da bolos
gamoiZaxeT. naklebad saintereso da naklebad gavleniani mow-
meebi SualedSi dahkiTxeT. Tuki msgavs sakiTxebze ori mow-
mis Cveneba unda moisminoT, pirvelad Zlieri gamoiZaxeT da
bolos susti53. magaliTad, aviRoT gaupatiurebis ori msx-
verpli. pirvelma dazaralebulma mesamed Seitana sarCeli
gaaupatiurebis motiviT, Tumca pirvel or SemTxvevaSi gama-
marTlebeli ganaCeni dadga. meore dazaralebuls ki uwin
msgavsi saCivari ar aRuZravs da arsebobs arsebiTi mtkiceb-
ulebebi, romlebic adasturebs mis Cvenebas. umjobesia, rom
Tavdapirvelad meore mowme gamoiZaxoT. warmogidgenT kidev
erT magaliTs: sasjelis daniSvnis sxdomaze dacvis mxares
mowveuli hyavs eklesiis ori msaxuri, romlebic adasture-
ben, rom braldebuli reabilitaciaze gasagzavnad Sesabamisi
kandidatia, radgan am mimarTulebiT ukve bevri nabiji gadadga
da rom reabilitacia yvelaze kargad cixis gareT arse-
bul pirobebSi ganxorcieldeba. erT-erTi eklesiis msaxuri
sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda
xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobaze. Sesabamisad, warmodgenili ori
mowmidan umjobesia pirvel rigSi swored is gamoiZaxoT,
53 gafrTxileba: Tuki ori mowme Tanabrad sandoa, magram maTi Cvenebebi
erTi konkretuli detalis gamo araTanmimdevrulia, TqvenTvis ufro misaRebi
poziciis mqone mowme bolos gamoiZaxeT, Sesabamisad am ukanasknelis Cveneba
wina mowmis (SesaZlo Secdomis) Cvenebis gamosworeba iqneba.
315
romelsac cixeebSi muSaobis realuri gamocdileba aqvs. aseve
kargia Tuki sasamarTlo ganxilvis yovel dilas da SuadRes
Zlieri mowmis wardgeniT daiwyebT. unda aRiniSnos, rom ad-
vokats Tavad Cvenebis micemis procesis kontrolireba nak-
lebad SeuZlia. kargia aseve, Tuki ara mxolod kviris rome-
lime konkretul dRes, aramed TviTon kvirasac saintereso
da Zlieri mowmeebiT daiwyebT da daasrulebT. amgvarad, msa-
juls SeeZleba mTeli SabaT-kvira ifiqros bolo mowmeze,
romelsac paraskevs mousmina.
mowmeebis gamosvlis rigiTobis gansazRvrisas, kargi iqne-
ba, Tuki moifiqrebT nafici msajulebis winaSe gamosvlis
alternatiul midgomebs, imisaTvis, raTa msajulebisaTvis
ufro saintereso gaxadoT Tqveni prezentacia. magaliTad,
prokurors SeuZlia mowmeebi qronologiuri Tanmimdevro-
biT gamoiZaxos: ra moxda Tavidan, ra mohyva amas, ra moxda
meore dRes da sxva. cota gansxvavebuli midgomaa, rodesac
saqmes gamoZiebis rigiTobiT warmoadgenT. es bolo midgoma
Zalian xSirad gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva sisxlis samarTlis saq-
mis moTxrobisas, magaliTad, principi `vin Caidina danaSau-
li?~ am ukanasknelSi nafic msajuls saSualeba aqvs mihyves
movlenaTa im ganviTarebas, romlis Tanaxmadac iZiebda saqmes
gamomZiebeli da naxos Ziebis dros vin gamoiricxa, rogorc
damnaSave. mas Semdeg rac damnaSave dadgindeba, prokurors
SeuZlia warmoadginos damatebiTi mowmeebi, romlebic daadas-
tureben, rom braldebulma Caidina danaSauli.
ra unda gavakeToT im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saxezea ori mowme,
romelTa Cvenebebic urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa? es sakiTxi Sesa-
val sityvaSi unda axsenoT da aseve unda gansazRvroT, Tu
rogor moeqceT mowmes, romelic Tqveni poziciis sawinaaR-
mdego Cvenebas iZleva. gamoiZaxebT Tu ara mowinaaRmdege mx-
aris mowmes, Tu daelodebiT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mier am
mowmis gamoZaxebas. arsebobs taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebi,
magram aseve arseboben advokatebi, romlebic sawinaaRmdego
poziciis mqone mowmeebs ganzrax ibareben pirvel rigSi, Sem-
316
deg ki sakuTar mowmes iZaxeben, raTa pirvelis Cvenebas daup-
irispiron54.
yurmokruli informacia (iribi Cveneba) da mowmeebi, romelTa
gamocxadeba sasamarTlo ganxilvaze SeuZlebelia
mtkicebulebaTa federaluri wesis 804-e (b)me-(6)-e mux-
li _ `samarTaldarRvevis (danaSaulis) gamo uflebis Cam-
orTmevis Sesaxeb~ gansazRvravs: `gancxadebis gakeTeba im mx-
aris winaaRmdeg, romelic monawileobda, an daTanxmda pro-
cesualuri wesis darRvevaze, rac miznad isaxavda, da ramac
gamoiwvia potenciuri mowmis/ganmcxadeblis sasamarTloze
mowmis saxiT gamocxadebis SeuZlebloba, `yurmokruli in-
formaciis Sesaxeb~ wesis mixedviT, daSvebuli iqneba da ar
gamoiricxeba mtkicebulebis saxiT, Tuki potenciuri mowme
/ganmcxadebeli ar aris xelmisawvdomi daikiTxos sasamarT-
loze mowmis saxiT~.
braldebuli, romelic kanondarRveviT, ganzrax cdi-
lobs xeli SeuSalos Cvenebis misacemad mowmis sasamarT-
loSi gamosvlas, kargavs SesaZleblobas daupirispirdes am
mowmes.55 saqmeze aSS emeris winaaRmdeg,56 sasamarTlom Sem-
54 es gaxlavT Sedegobrivi princi pi im princi pisa, romelic zemoT iyo
gamoyenebuli. ix Elaine McArdel, Balancing Life and Practice, Law. Wkly. USA, Nov.
2003 (kidev erTi strategia, romlis gamoyenebac siarcis uyvars, aris, rodesac
mowmeebis dakiTxvas pirvelad misi poziciis sawinaaRmdego Cvenebis mqone
mowmis gamoZaxebiT iwyebs.... `ismis kiTxva, rodesac 2 urTierTsawinaaRmdego
Cvenebis mowme gvyavs _ erTi, romelic Tqvens pozicias amyarebs da meore,
romelic, piriqiT, auaresebs, rogor unda moiqceT? umjobesia, rom gamoiZaxoT
TqvenTvis sasargeblo mowme, xolo meoris gamoZaxebis saSualeba braldebuls
misceT? anda xom ar jobia, rom mowme romelic Tqvens pozicias auaresebs
pirvel rigSi daibaroT da Semdeg gamoiZaxoT meore, raTa man gadafaros
TqvenTvis arasasargeblo Cveneba? siarsi upiratesobas meore midgomas aniWebs~)
(advokati qristian searsis citireba).
55 United States v. Thevis, 665 F.2d 616, 630 (5th Cir. 1982), cert, denied, 459
U.S. 825 (1982); United States v. Emery, 186 F.2d 921, 926 (8th Cir. 1999), cert, denied,
528 U.S. 1130 (2000); Black v. Woods, 651 F.2d 528 (8th Cir.), cert, denied, 454 U.S. 847
(1981); United States v. Carlson, 547 F.2d 1346,1359 (8th Cir. 1976), cert, denied, 431
U.S. 914 (1977).
56 Emery, 186 F.2d 921.
317
degi gadawyvetileba miiRo: `cnobilia, rom braldebulis
arakanonierma qcevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios misi dapirispirebis
konstituciuri uflebis CamorTmeva da dapirispirebis ufle-
ba CamoerTmeva nebismier mowmesTan, an potenciur mowmesTan
mimarTebaSi, visi sasamarTlo procesze yofnis SeuZleblo-
bac braldebulma arakanonieri gziT uzrunvelyo.....uflebis
CamorTmevis igive wesi vrceldeba yurmokruli informaciis
SemTxvevaSi (wesi 804 (b)(6)).~57 emeris saqmeSi braldebuli
amtkicebda, rom es wesebi mxolod maSin unda gavrcelebuli-
yo, rodesac saqme exeboda iseT danaSauls, romlis SemTxveva-
Sic braldebuli darwmunebuli iqneboda, rom dazaralebuli
Cvenebas miscemda. sasamarTlom gadaWriT uaryo es argumenti
Semdegi motiviT:
`kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime SezRudvas gancxade-
bebis SinaarsTan dakavSirebiT, rac gamoricxavda akrZalvas
yurmokruli informaciis mtkicebulebis saxiT gamoyenebis
Sesaxeb. amis nacvlad kanoni moicavs zogad wess, romlis
Tanaxmadac braldebuls ar aqvs ufleba isargeblos am
uflebiT imisaTvis, rom danaSaulebrivi gziT SeaCeros
mowme, an potenciuri mowme momavali Cvenebis micemisagan.
b-n emeris poziciaze daTanxmeba ki swored amis gakeTebis
saSualebas miscemda mas.58~
emeris saqmeze sasamarTlom aseve uaryo braldebulis wi-
nadadeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom manam, sanam dazaralebu-
lis Cvenebebi mtkicebulebis saxiT iqneboda daSvebuli, unda
gamarTuliyo winaswari mosmena, romelic tardeba nafici msa-
julebis daswrebis gareSe, da sasamarTlos zusti da damajere-
beli mtkicebis standarti unda gamoeyenebina imis gasarkvevad
adgili hqonda, Tu ara misi mxridan mowmis gamoucxadeblobis
xelSewyobas. amis sanacvlod, sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom sa-
samarTlos mier mtkicebulebis aRiareba wesis dacviT ganx-
57 ix. zemoT 926 (citata Illinois v. Allen, 397 U.S. 337, 343 (1970)).
58 ix. zemoT.
318
orcielda sasamarTlo ganxilvaze nafici msajulebis Tan-
daswrebiT, mtkicebis pirobebis Tanaxmad _ ufro faseuli
mtkicebulebis arsebobiT _ rom emerim mokla informaciis
momwodebeli. sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom msgavsi praqtika iqna
gamoyenebuli danaSaulis Tanamonawilis Cvenebebis aRiarebas-
Tan dakavSirebiT aSS belis winaaRmdeg saqmeSi.59
zogierTs miaCnia, rom saqmeSi kroufordi vaSingtonis wi-
naaRmdeg60 dairRva emeris aSS-s konstituciiT gaTvaliswineb-
uli dapirispirebis ufleba. Tumca arsebobs am mosazrebis
sawinaaRmdego 2 argumenti: pirveli, kroufordma uari Tqva
garkveuli yurmokruli informaciis dasaSvebobisaTvis `san-
doobis~ testis Catarebaze, romelic sasamarTlom `Cvenebis~
xasiaTis informaciad daasaxela (rogoricaa gamoZiebis pro-
cesSi policiis oficerTan gakeTebuli gancxadebebi). emeris
saqmis SemTxvevaSi gakeTebuli gancxadebebi _ dazaralebu-
lis mier megobrisaTvis monaTxrobi ambebi _ ar Seesabameba
am ganmartebas da ar CaiTvleba `mtkicebulebad~.61 meore _
kroufordi daeyrdno doqtrinas `samarTaldarRvevis gamo
uflebis CamoTmeva~.62 aseTi gadawyvetileba miiRo aSS uzen-
aesma sasamarTlom da saolqo sasamarTloebma, romlebic ixi-
lavdnen kroufordis saqmis zegavlenas am doqtrinaze.63
59 ix. (citata saqmidan aSS belis winaaRmdeg _ United States v. Bell, 573
F.2d 1040,1044 (8th Cir. 1978)).
60 541 აშშ. 36 (2004) (ohaio robertsis winaaRmdeg sandoobis testis
miRebis gauqmeba garkveuli formis yurmokrul informaciasTan dakavSirebiT
ufro SezRuduli yurmokruli informaciis formis akrZalvis sasargeblod).
61 ix. zemoT.
62 ix. 62 gv.
63 Davis v. Washington (devisi vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg) 547 aSS. 813, 833
(2006) (`vimeorebT igives rac kroufordis saqmesTan mimarTebaSi ganvixileT.....
piri, romelic mowmis gamocxadebas xels SeuSlis danaSaulebrivi uflebiT,
kargavs dapirispirebis konstituciur uflebas~); United States v. Carson, (აშშ
karsonis winaaRmdeg) 455 F.3d 336,362-66 (D.C. Cir. 2006), cert, denied, 127 S. Ct.
1351 (2007); United States v. Montague, 421 F.3d 1099, 1102 (10th Cir. 2005); United
States v. Rodriguez- Marrero, 390 F.3d 1,17 (1st Cir. 2004).
319
 daskvniTi sityva64
daskvniTi sityva advokatis mier mosamarTleze/nafic msa-
julebze STabeWdilebis moxdenis bolo SesaZleblobaa. amis
gamo arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom prokurorma/
advokatma misi argumentebi logikurad da damajereblad war-
moadginos. prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msaju-
lebs unda auxsnas, Tu ratom amyarebs sasamarTlo procesze
warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi mis mier moTxovnil verdiqts.
rogorc procesis yvela sxva stadiis SemTxvevaSi, daskvniT
sityvasac momzadeba sWirdeba. marTlac, sasamarTlo proce-
sis dawyebamdec ki prokurori/advokati Camoyalibebuli unda
iyos imis Taobaze, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi sityva.
procesis ganmavlobaSi prokurori/advokati adgens mtkiceb-
ulebebs, romlebic mis mier winaswar dagegmil daskvniT si-
tyvas gaamyarebs. cxadia, Tu sasamarTlo procesi dagegmilis
Sesabamisad ar warimarTa, rac iSviaTad xdeba, prokurors/
advokats daskvniT sityvaSi cvlilebebis Setana mouwevs.
Tu prokurorisTvis/advokatisTvis yvelaferi kargad
warimarTa, daskvniTi sityvis momzadebisas igi imave Temas
daeyrdnoba, romelic Sesaval sityvaSi hqonda gadmocemuli.
Tema
daskvniTi sityvis pirveli ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi,
rodesac mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba mTlianad
Tqvenzea mopyrobili, prokurorma/advokatma unda warmoTqvas
misi Tema (`The Hook ~). am pirveli Tu ori wuTis ganmavloba-
Si ise unda miipyroT mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yur-
adReba, rom maT Tqveni mosmena ganagrZon. rogorc procesis
sxva stadiebze aRvniSneT, pirveladi STabeWdilebebi yvelaze
xangrZlivi droiT rCeba adamianis gonebaSi. daskvniTi sity-
64 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
320
vis dawyeba efeqturi Temis gaJRerebiT warmoadgens Zlieri
dawyebis erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebas. qvemoT mocemulia
ramdenime magaliTi:
`SecdomiT amocnoba. es aris saqme imis Sesaxeb, Tu
rogor amoicno mowmem, romelic kargad ver xedavda, Tu
ra moxda 14 ivlisis Rames, braldebuli, romelsac axla
cixeSi jdoma emuqreba im danaSaulisTvis, romelic ar
Caudenia.~
an imave Teoriis gamoxatvis kidev erTi saSualeba:
`SecdomiT amocnobili adamiani. ramdenjer yofila,
rom nacnobi gvgonebia vinme, xeli dagviqnevia da aRmoCe-
nila, rom vcdebodiT? es aris saqme, sadac mowmes egona,
rom viRac dainaxa, magram sinamdvileSi Secda, radgan
udanaSaulo adamiani daadanaSaula.~
an sxva saqmeze:
`es aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb. braldebulma mkv-
leloba imis gamo Caidina, rasac mtkicebulebebi naTlad
adasturebs.~
`siZulvili saSineli ram aris; mas pirovnebis dab-
rmaveba SeuZlia, ris Sedegadac igi saSinel qmedebebs
sCadis. am saqmeSi siZulvilma braldebuls udanaSaulo
kaci, batoni daviTi moakvlevina imis gamo, rac, misi az-
riT, daviTma mis winaaRmdeg Caidina.~
sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebis msgavsad, rogorc
xedavT, `Temis~ gamoyenebis dadgenili wesi ar arsebobs, ase
rom, process SemoqmedebiTad miudeqiT.
warsulSi bevrma prokurorma/advokatma daskvniTi sity-
vis pirveli wuTebi mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis mad-
lobebis gadaxdaSi dakarga. es tendencia nel-nela qreba,
radgan ufro da ufro meti prokurori/advokati xvdeba, rom
es mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze STabeWdilebas ar axdens
da amiT isini mxolod da mxolod `Zvirfas~ pirvel wuTebs
kargaven.
321
 idaveT!
daskvniTi sityva aris kamaTi. mosamarTles/nafic msaju-
lebs ar surT moisminon TiToeuli mowmis carieli citire-
bebi, radgan isini ukve Cvenebis micemisas moismines. daskvniTi
sityvis mizania yvela mowmis Cvenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
imis saCveneblad, Tu rogor gamyarda prokuroris/advokatis
mier SemoTavazebuli Teoria. unda axsenoT mowmis saxeli,
rodesac misi Cvenebis im nawilze miuTiTebT, romelic Tqvens
Teorias amyarebs. Tu prokurori/advokati mxolod imas gad-
moscems, Tu ra Tqva TiToeulma mowmem, mosamarTles/nafic
msajulebs mobezrdebaT da isini Seuracxyofilad igrZnoben
Tavs, radgan maT ukve mousmines aRniSnul Cvenebs. Tqveni
amocanaa imis warmoCena, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba Cvenebebis
sxvadasxva nawili erTmaneTs Tqveni Sexedulebebis mxarda-
saWerad. alternativis saxiT, rogorc dacvis mxaris advo-
katma, romelsac mtkicebis tvirTi ar aqvs, Tqven SesaZloa
ubralod aCvenoT, Tu rogor ar ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs mow-
meTa Cvenebebi prokuroris Teoriis gasamyareblad. es iseTi
Zlieri strategia ar aris, rogorc imis Cveneba, rom bral-
debuli udanaSauloa, magram xSirad es erTaderTi ram aris,
risi gakeTebac advokats SeuZlia.
efeqturoba
zogierTi prokurori/advokati Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi
saaTobiT saubrobs, ris Sedegadac mosamarTles/nafic msaju-
lebs Zilis ganwyoba eqmnebaT. amis gamo, Tu saerTo jamSi
prokurori/advokati Zlier ganacxads gaakeTebs, is mainc yu-
radRebis miRma darCeba. Tu saqme uaRresad rTuli ar aris,
daskvniTi sityva 40 wuTze mets ar unda grZeldebodes.
amisTvis saWiroa, rom dacvam sityva ise moamzados, rom
yuradReba mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze gaamaxvilos. metic, ar
gadatvirToT mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi saqmeSi arsebuli
umniSvnelo detalebiT, maT isini ar gaaxsendebaT da Tqven
ki riskze midixarT, rom am umniSvnelo faqtebis ganxilvisas
TqvenTvis umTavresi argumentebi daikargos.
322
strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi
gadaxedeT Tqven Sesaval sityvas. Tqven masSi garkveuli
aRniSvnebi da Temebi gamoiyeneT. gaimeoreT isini. Tu Tema
braldebulis SecdomiT amocnoba iyo, maSin es Tema unda
gaimeoroT. marTlac, SegiZliaT mosamarTles/nafic msaju-
lebs SeaxsenoT kidec, Tu rogor, TqviT Sesaval sityvaSi,
rom amas mtkicebulebebi daadasturebda. magaliTad:
`rogorc Sesaval sityvaSi mogaxseneT, es aris saqme
SecdomiT amocnobis Sesaxeb. b-ni melaZe arakvalificiuri
gamoZiebis msxverplia, radgan cxadia, rom saxeze gvaqvs ar-
adamajerebeli amocnoba. samwuxarod, policia saqmis dax-
urviT ufro iyo dainteresebuli, vidre misi swori gziT
gamoZiebiT.~
an sxva saqme braldebis perspeqtividan, korumpirebul
moxelesTan dakavSirebiT:
`es aris saqme moxelis Sesaxeb, romelsac sakuTari xeli
gamowvdili hqonda ara xelis CamorTmevis, aramed sxvebis
jibeebSi Cayofis mizniT.~
ikamaTeT Tqveni saqmis Teoriaze
Tqvens Sesaval sityvaSi mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
Tqveni Teoriis Sesaxeb moaxseneT. axla dadga imis axsnis
dro, Tu ratom damtkicda Tqveni Teoria procesze ganxi-
luli mtkicebulebebis meSveobiT. konkretul Cvenebebze da/an
nivTmtkicebebze miTiTebiT CamoayalibeT ambavi, romelic war-
moaCens, rom Tqvens Sesaval sityvaSi mocemuli Tema procesis
mimdinareobisas dadasturda. es moicavs sxvadasxva mowmis
Cvenebebidan konkretuli nawilebis moyvanas. qvemoT mocemu-
lia amis ganxorcielebis mokle magaliTi.
korumpirebuli moxelis saqmeze:
`sasamarTlom moismina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba da naxa
nivTmtkicebebi, romlebic aSkarad adastureben, rom melaZe
korumpirebulia. sasamarTlom moismina q-ni nanas Cveneba imis
Sesaxeb, Tu rogor uxdida igi qrTams braldebuls restor-
nis gasaxsnelad nebarTvis misaRebad. man detalurad mohyva,
323
Tu rogor uTxres nebarTvis asaRebad misvlisas, rom bral-
debulisTvis 20000 lari unda gadaexada, Torem saWiro
nebarTvas verasodes miiRebda. man sasamarTlos moaxsena, rom
es restorani misi cxovrebis ocneba iyo. misi gancxadebiT mas
SeeZlo am Tanxis gadaxda, radgan misi biZa aSS-Si gardaicva-
la da garkveuli Tanxa uanderZa. misi Cvenebis gasamyareblad
braldebam warmoadgina nanas sabanko Canawerebi, sadac Cans,
Tu rogor aris 2010 wlis 26 aprils 20000 lari gatanili.
nanas TqmiT, man braldebuls Tanxa naRd fulad gadauxa-
da. Tqven aseve giCvenes braldebulis sabanko angariSebi, rom-
lebic asaxavs 2010 wlis 29 aprils 10000 laris Setanis
faqts, da rogorc bankis warmomadgenelma mowmem ganacxada,
misi balansi 1000 lars arasodes aRemateboda.
braldebam aseve warmoadgina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba,
romlebmac isaubres braldebulis mier 2010 wlis aprilis
bolos maTgan ganxorcielebuli Sesyidvebis Taobaze. am Sesy-
idvebis mTliani Tanxa 9300 lari iyo.
sasamarTlom aseve moismina lali CalaZis Cveneba, ro-
melic gaxlavT im dawesebulebis buRalteri, sadac bral-
debuli muSaobda. misi gancxadebiT, braldebulis Tviuri
xelfasi 400 lari iyo da man misi gancxadebis dasturad
dawesebulebis Canawerebi warmoadgina.
saidan hqonda braldebuls amdeni fuli? Tumca mtkicebis
tvirTi braldebis mxares awevs, braldebulma, romelmac
Cveneba misca, veraviTari axsna-ganmarteba ver moitana, rac
raime saxis dokumentaciiT gadamowmdeboda.~
aravis ainteresebs Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi
Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi mtkicebuleba ar aris. mosamar-
Tle/nafici msajulebi saqmes imis mixedviT ar gadawyveten,
rom erTi an meore mxare miiCnevs, rom is marTalia. mosamar-
Tle/nafici msajulebi saqmes mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze
gadawyveten. mxarem unda Tqvas, rom mtkicebulebebiT das-
turdeba, rom braldebuli bankidan gamoqceuli mZarcveli
324
iyo, an rom mtkicebulebebis Tanaxmad mowme ver SeZlebda im
piris amocnobas, vinc bankidan gamorboda.
gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi
adamianebis umravlesoba informacias Tvalebis da yure-
bis meSveobiT aRiqvams. fsiqologiuri eqsperimentebiT damt-
kicebulia, rom adamianebi orjer ufro met informacias
imaxsovreben, Tu am informacias erTdroulad rogorc smenis,
ise danaxvis gziT iReben. Tqven unda gamoiyenoT procesis gan-
mavlobaSi mtkicebulebebad daSvebuli nivTmtkicebebi daskvn-
iTi sityvis dros. Tumca, procesze dauSveblad cnobili
nivTmtkicebebis, an im nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba, romelic
ar iqna gamokvleuli sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros, verdiqtis
safuZvli ver iqneba.
vizualuri mtkicebulebebis gamoyeneba ufro sainteresos
xdis prokuroris/advokatis gamosvlas mosamarTlis/nafici
msajulebis TvalSi. nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia
movlenaTa qronologiis, ZiriTadi faqtebis, fulis moZrao-
bis kalkulaciebis warmoCenisa da mravali sxva daniSnule-
biT, romlis mniSvnelobis xazgasmac prokurors/advokats
surs mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis.
rodesac nivTmtkicebebze isaubrebT, yuradReba maTken
unda gqondeT mipyrobili. Tu nivTmtkicebebs maTi ganxil-
vis Semdeg an manamde gamoamJRavnebT, Tqven aRar mogismenen,
radgan mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi yuradRebas nivTmtkice-
bebze gadaitanen. dafareT nivTmtkicebebi manam, sanam maTze
saubars daiwyebT, xolo maTi gamoyenebis dasrulebisTanave
TvalTaxedvis ares moacileT.
dasviT ritorikuli kiTxvebi
ritorikulia kiTxva, romelsac pirovneba svams, magram
masze pasuxs ar moelis. msmenelisTvis pasuxi kiTxvidan
gamomdinare naTeli unda iyos. aseTi saxis kiTxvebi SesaZloa
gamoyenebuli iyos Tqven mier mowinaaRmdege mxaris poziciaSi
ZiriTad naklovanebebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad.
mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi am kiTxvebs sasamarTlo
325
procesebis mimdinareobisas pasuxs ver gascemen, magram proku-
roris/advokatis mizania isini maT mexsierebaSi darCes. qve-
moT mocemulia ori magaliTi, erTi braldebis, xolo meore
dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan.
`am saqmeSi braldebulma Ramis 2 saaTze manqaniT gaiara
iq, sadac ori kvartalis iqiT policiam daapatimra erTi
mamakaci, romelsac 20 kilogramis wonis 5 Sekvra heroini
aRmoaCnda. braldebuli kalatozia, magram Tavis manqanaSi aR-
moaCnda konverti, romelSic 20000 aSS dolari ido. saidan
aqvs kalatozs amxela Tanxa drois am periodSi? ratom iqne-
boda amave kacis manqanis ukana savarZelze heroinis kvali aR-
moCenili, Tu igi narkotikebis biznesSi ar iqneboda CarTuli
da gayidvac sul axali ganxorcielebuli ar eqneboda?~
`sad aris mkvlelobis iaraRi? Tu braldebis Tanaxmad
b-ma melaZem marTlac mokla nana, ver SeZlebda policia iara-
Ris povnas mis saxlSi, manqanaSi an sadme sxvagan, sadac igi
imyofeboda? hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, Tu ratom ver moiyvana
braldebam erTi mowmec ki, romelic ityoda, rom b-ni melaZe
imave oTaxSi imyofeboda, sadac nana mokles. rodidan gaxda
danaSaulis Cadenis midamoebSi yofna danaSauli?~
gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi
zogjer saqmeSi danaSaulis pirdapiri mtkicebulebebi ar
arsebobs. pirdapiria mtkicebuleba, rodesac vinmes SeuZlia
ganacxados, rom dainaxa braldebuli, Tu rogor tovebda igi
mowmis saxls misi (mowmis) nivTebiT. zogjer mxolod is-
eTi mtkicebulebebi arsebobs, romlebsac iribi mtkicebule-
bebi ewodeba. iribia mtkicebuleba, rodesac saxezea faqtebi,
romlisganac mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma daskvna unda
gamoitanon. magaliTad, qurdobis msxverpls gansakuTrebulad
uCveulo qurTuki hqonda da igi saxlSi didi raodenobiT
naRd fuls inaxavda. erekles, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi
umuSevari iyo, danaSaulis CadenaSi edeba brali. igi qur-
dobidan meore dRes dainaxes, Tu rogor xarjavda uamrav
fuls da rogor iyo gamowyobili dazaralebulis qurTukSi.
326
mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis imis saCveneblad, Tu ra-
oden Zlieri mtkicebulebebi arsebobs saqmeSi, prokurorma
SesaZloa analogia gamoiyenos da ganacxados:
`es saqme im situacias waagavs, rodesac daZinebis dros
ca mowmendili iyo da dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar uwvimia. dil-
iT gaRviZebisas ki aRmoaCenT, rom irgvliv yvelaferi svelia
da xeebidanac ki wyali wveTavs. Tqven ar ginaxavT rogor
gawvimda, magram sruliad darwmunebuli xarT, rom Ramis
ganmavlobaSi iwvima.~
amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi
es braldebas da dacvis mxares Tanabrad exeba. cxadia,
rom prokuroris SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTi mas akisria
da man unda amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba da ara is,
rom braldebulis axsna-ganmartebebi saR azrs aris mokle-
buli. orive mxaresTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT damajerebelia,
Tu aCvenebT, ratom xarT marTali, vidre imaze miuTiTebT,
rom meore mxare cdeba. rodesac yuradRebas mxolod meore
mxaris sisusteze amaxvilebT, imis STabeWdilebas qmniT, rom
Tqveni mxare sustia. advokats amis gakeTeba mxolod erT
konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, rodesac mas araviTari dama-
dasturebeli mtkicebuleba ar aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi igi aRniS-
navs, rom rogorc braldebulis warmomadgenels, mas arafris
mtkiceba ar sWirdeba, da rom mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas
akisria. es aris susti dacvis poziciidan Tavis daZvrenis
gza. gaxsovdeT, rogorc winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi moce-
mul sxva wesebTan mimarTebaSi, advokatma unda gadawyvitos,
rodis unda gamoiyenos isini da rodis ara.
gaumklavdiT sisusteebs
ar ifiqroT, rom Tqvens poziciaSi arsebul sisusteebs
gaeqceviT. Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare maTze namdvilad gaamax-
vilebs yuradRebas. ori ZiriTadi mizezi arsebobs imisa, Tu
ratom unda moaxdinoT reagireba Tqvens sisusteebze: pirvel
rigSi, mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi problemas TqvenTvis
misaRebi perspeqtividan aRiqvamen. amas politikosebi `TqvenT-
327
vis sasurveli kuTxiT danaxvas~ uwodeben.
es wesi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania prokurorebis Sem-
TxvevaSi, radgan isini pirvelebi gamodian da rodesac dac-
vis mxare am sakiTxebs Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi Seexeba, maT
mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs es sakiTxebi sakuTari TvaliT
unda daanaxon. Tumca, sisusteebs dacvis mxarec unda gaum-
klavdes. advokatis yvelaze mniSvnelovani aqtivi misi dama-
jereblobaa. sisustis aRiarebiT advokati qmnis STabeWdile-
bas, rom igi gulwrfeli adamiania, romlis ndobac da da-
jerebac SeiZleba. Tu mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi fiqroben,
rom Tqveni ndoba SeiZleba, imedia isini movlenaTa ganviTa-
rebis Tqvens versiasac gaiziareben. magaliTad:
`marTalia, rom b-ni gelaSvili im manqanas marTavda, sa-
dac narkotikebi aRmoaCines, magram Tqven misgan moismineT,
rom igi gulkeTili adamiania, romelic Tavis manqanas xSirad
sxvebs aTxovebs xolme. narkotikebi manqanis sabargulSi iyo
da vin icis, ramdeni xani? adamianebi sabarguls ar amowmeben,
sanam manqanaSi Casxdebian. narkotikebi iq viRac sxvam Cado,
romelic b-ni gelaSvilis manqanis Txovebas da narkotikebis
daniSnulebis adgilze mitanas mogvianebiT gegmavda. amave
dros am pirovnebam icoda, rom narkotikebTan erTad ver
daiWerdnen.~
Tu Tqvens poziciaSi Zlieri mxareebic arsebobs, Tqveni
sisustis axsna-ganmarteba daskvniTi sityvis SuaSi unda ga-
keTdes. rogorc sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebze, Tqveni
daskvniTi sityva unda daiwyoT da daasruloT Zlierad!
amtkiceT kanonis normebi da daukavSireT faqtebi rogorc
argumentebs, ise nafic msajulTa instruqciebs
amtkiceT kanonis normebi, romlebic Tqvens pozicias ex-
mareba da am process faqtebi daukavSireT. nafic msajulTa
instruqciebi xSirad kanonis yvelaze naTeli ganmartebebia,
romelTac mosamarTle nafic msajulTaTvis gaakeTebs da ro-
melTac Sesabamisad udidesi wona da avtoriteti aqvs. moax-
328
dineT maTi citireba da gamoxateT isini sxva sityvebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleTa umravlesoba nebas ar
dagrTavT instruqciis zusti teqstis Semcveli slaidi an
cxrili waradginoT, SeqmeniT `fauer foinTis~ slaidebi an
cxrilebi nafici msajulebisaTvis daskvniT sityvaSi gansa-
xilvelad, romlebic Tqveni argumentebisa da poziciis mxar-
damWeri instruqciebis zust „perifrazirebas“ moaxdens.
daskvniTi sityvis organizeba
daskvniTi sityva zogadad garkveul organizebas eqvemde-
bareba, Tumca es SesaZloa saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare
icvlebodes.
a. Tema.
b. sakiTxi (ra unda damtkicdes moqmedi kanonebis
Sesabamisad, raTa braldebuli damnaSaved iyos cnobili).
g. ra moxda sinamdvileSi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic
Tqvens Teorias amyarebs. es unda moicavdes Tqveni mowmee-
bis Cvenebas, nivTmtkicebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa
aRiarebebs da saR azrze da SesaZleblobebze miTiTebebs.
d. axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom aris meore
mxaris pozicia susti. magaliTad, aCveneT, Tu sad ver SeZles
mtkicebulebebma braldebulis bralis warmoCena. es moicavs
meore mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebze ieriSis mitanas da savarau-
dod, ritorikuli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebas. Tqveni sityvis am
nawilis dasawyisSi Tqveni poziciis sust mxarezec isaubreT.
Tu braldebuls dacvis pozicia ar warmoudgenia, prokurors
amis komentireba ar SeuZlia, radgan aseTi komentari proce-
sualuri darRveva iqneba. braldebuls sasamarTlo procesze
arasodes arafris gakeTeba ar evaleba, radgan misi bralis
damtkiceba mxolod da mxolod prokuroris mtkicebis tvir-
Tia.
e. ganixileT mtkicebis tvirTi da is, Tu rogor gaswia
an ver gaswia is braldebam (narkotikebis zemoT mocemuli
saqmis magaliTze amtkiceT, rom braldebas unda daemtkice-
329
bina, rom braldebuli narkotikebs SecnobiT flobda, Tumca
braldebam es ver SeZlo). miuTiTeT, rom prokurorma unda
daamtkicos danaSaulis yoveli elementi da damnaSavis vinao-
ba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT, da Tu ratom ver gaswia
man es tvirTi yovel faqtTan mimarTebaSi, an rom ver daamt-
kica Tqveni klientis braleuloba.
v. moiTxoveT TqvenTvis sasurveli verdiqti. prokuroris
SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda braldebulis yvela punqtiT damna-
Saved cnoba. advokats SeuZlia moiTxovos yvela punqtiT
udanaSaulod cnoba. Tumca, advokats sxva variantebic aqvs,
rogoricaa udanaSaulod cnoba zogierT punqtTan mimarTeba-
Si, an damnaSaved cnoba ufro msubuqi braldebiT. magaliTad,
es SesaZloa moxdes saqmeSi, sadac naTelia, rom braldebulma
dazaralebuli mokla, magram dacvis mtkicebiT es iyo ara
ganzrax mkvleloba, aramed afeqtur mdgomareobaSi Cadenili
danaSauli, rodesac braldebulma dazaralebuli braldebu-
lis meuRlesTan erTad dainaxa.
z. saboloo daskvna
daskvniTi sityvis dros Tqven ukanasknelad geZlevaT Se-
saZlebloba mimarToT sasamarTlos/nafic msajulebs. daxar-
jeT dro gasagebi, mokle da gonivruli prezentaciis mosamz-
adeblad, radgan swored momzadebazea damokidebuli Tqveni
warmateba.
330
daskvniTi sityva65
(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa
ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia
xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi
warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro
metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis
Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da
dacvis mxarisTvis.
sandoobis sakiTxi dasawyisidan dasasrulamde
am etapamde mosasvlelad ukve yvelaferi gaakeTeT. winas-
war moamzadeT yvelaferi da gansazRvreT, Tu ra Suamdgomlo-
bebis dayeneba iqneba saWiro. dawereT damajerebeli pasuxebi
mowinaaRmdege mxaris Suamdgomlobebze. winaswar gansazRvreT
mowinaaRmdege mxaris savaraudo Tavdasxmis samizne sakiTxebi
da moamzadeT mtkicebulebebi da argumentebi am Tavdasxmebis
sapasuxod. amavdroulad, yuradRebiT moamzadeT mowmeebi da
winaswar icodiT, Tu ras da rogor ityoda sasamarTloze
TiToeuli mowme. moxerxebulad airideT Tavidan problema-
turi nafici msajulebi. ostaturad moamzadeT da warmoadgi-
neT Sesavali sityva, romelic ar moicavda imaze met da-
pirebas, vidre realurad SegeZloT gagekeTebinaT. mowmeebis
gamoZaxebis Tanamimdevroba imgvarad gansazRvreT, rom nafici
65 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~ maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da
Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro
ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema
da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba
ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba
daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani
Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis
ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street,
Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org.
331
msajulebis interesi gamogewviaT. TvalnaTliv warmoadgineT
Tqveni pozicia. gaanalizeT ra Tqveni pociziis susti mxaree-
bi, SeecadeT agexsnaT nafici msajulebisaTvis, Tu ratom iyo
isini umniSvnelo. Tqven mier Catarebuli jvaredini dakiTxva
gamanadgurebeli iyo. saboloo jamSi, nafici msajulebi dar-
wmundnen, rom Tqven mier miwodebuli informacia simarTle
iyo. sasamarTlo ganxilvis ganmavlobaSi yovelTvis pirdapi-
ri da sando iyaviT da nafici msajulebi absoluturad sando
pirad aRgiqvaven. axla ki droa, mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi
gaweuli samuSao logikur Sejamebamde miiyvanoT daskvniT
sityvaSi. daskvniTi sityva ar iqmneba cariel adgilas. es
aris Sejameba yvelaferi imisa, rac aqamde xdeboda saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT. `daskvniTi sityvis meSveobiT SeiZleba moigoT
iseTi saqme, romelic Tavidanve ar iyo wagebuli. Tumca meore
mxriv, kargad warmarTuli saqme SeiZleba swored im fata-
lur bolo wuTebSi waagoT~. 66
mkvlelobis saqmeebSi, daskvniTi sityvis dros gamoyeneb-
uli sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis principebi TiTqmis igivea, rac
nebismier sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. faqtobrivad daskvniTi
sityvis mTavari principebi TiTqmis identuria samoqalaqo
saqmeebSi gamoyenebuli principebisa (aSS praqtika). rogori
unda iyos daskvniTi sityva:
 saintereso;
 logikuri;
 kargad dagegmili;
 vizualurad TvalsaCino (gamoyenebuli iqnas suraTebi
da sxva TvalsaCino masala);
 damajerebeli;
 ar iyenebs sityvas `me~;
 iyenebs sityvas `Cven~ an `mtkicebuleba~;
 Sesavali sityvisa da saqmis masalebis Sesabamisi;
 aqvs Tema;
 ganmartavs Tqvens sust mxareebs;
 momzadebulia/gadmocemulia martivi eniT (moerideT
samarTlebrivi terminebis xmarebas);
66 Gerry Spence, Win Your Case 224 (ST. MARTIN’S 2005).
332
 moicavs miTiTebebs nafici msajulebisTvis;
 xazs usvams mowinaaRmdege mxaris sust mxareebs;
 agebulia gonivrulad da emociurad;
 lakonuri;
 Seicavs bunebriv moZraobebsa da Jestebs;
 gulwrfeli;
 Tavdajerebuli;
 pasuxobs nafici msajulebis nebismier kiTxvas (mag:
upasuxeT Tqvens sakuTar ritorikul kiTxvebs);
 gulisxmobs braldebulis CarTulobas (prokurors
SeuZalia miuTiTos braldebulze, dacvis mxares Seu-
Zlia Seexos mas);
 damajerebeli;
 sruldeba Zlieri argumentis xazgasmiT.
sxva saxis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi gamoyenebuli
kargi daskvniTi sityvis teqnika TiTqmis yovelTvis vrcel-
deba mkvlelobis saqmeebzec. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs stand-
artuli sityvebi, romlebic zogjer cota gansxvavebulia.
gansxvavebebi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdegs:
 miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom Tqveni mowmeebis Cvenebebi
gamyarebulia damoukidebeli, miukerZoebeli mtkiceb-
ulebebiT (nivTieri an dokumenturi mtkicebulebebiT,
an sxva miukerZoebeli TviTmxilvelis meSveobiT);
 xazgasmulia Tqveni oponentis mowmeebis mier faqtebis
SeTxzvis (gayalbebis) motivebi;
 (braldebis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba sando da miukerZoe-
beli;
 (dacvis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imasTan dakavSirebiT,
Tu ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba araswori inter-
pretaciis sagani;
 danaSaulis Cadenis motivis arsebobis an ararsebobis
xazgasma;
 Tqveni eqsperti mowmeebis namuSevris xazgasma da Tqve-
ni oponentis eqsperti mowmeebis codnis, meTodebis, an
daskvnebis xarvezebis warmoCena/xazgasma;
333
  SeaxseneT nafic msajulebs `denTis kvaliani iaraRis~
momentebi, romlebic SesaZloa dafiqsirda sasamarTlo
ganxilvisas (Tqveni oponentis gancxadebebi, romlebic
ar iyo dasabuTebuli, anda ewinaaRmdegeboda mtkiceb-
ulebebs; jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gamovlinda, rom
mowme tyuils ambobda da sxva);
 (braldebis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZleblobas
Seaxsenos nafic msajulebs (dawesebuli sazRvrebis
farglebSi) dazaralebulis, adamianis gardacvalebis,
danaSaulis simZimis Sesaxeb;
 (dacvis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZleblobas,
raTa braldebuli ar warmoaCinos, rogorc saxifaTo
adamiani.
Sesavali sityvisagan gansxvavebiT, daskvniT sityvaSi unda
gakeTdes mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebis Rrma da detaluri
mimoxilva da analizi. mas Semdeg, rac auditoriam filmis
anonss da ZiriTad nawilebs uyura, Tqveni amocanaa daarwmunoT
isini, raTa moamzadon filmis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi daskvna.
Tuki am momentamde Tqveni prezentaciebi ostaturad/kargad
iyo momzadebuli, praqtikulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom daskvniTi
sityva ukve mzad gaqvT. nafici msajulebi ukve mouTmenlad
elian filmis dasasruls, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas
da Sesabamisi daskvnis momzadebas.
Tqveni mizania daarwmunoT nafici msajulebi. darwmuneba
ufro rTuli iqneba, Tuki nafici msajulebi usamarTlod
uxeSad an utaqtod CagTvlian. arsebobs ori mizezi, ris
gamoc SeiZleba advokats gaawyvetinon sityva, anda miscen
disciplinuri gafrTxileba. esenia: faqtebis an damnaSaveobis,
an udanaSaulobis Sesaxeb piradi azris gamoxatva (`me
vfiqrob....~) da mowinaaRmdege mxareze pirovnuli Tavdasxmis
ganxorcieleba.
aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlo ixilavda saqmes, romlis drosac
prokurori da advokati daskvniTi sityvis dros arasworad
moiqcnen.67 dacvis mxarem daskvnebisa da Sejamebis gakeTeba ase
daiwyo: `braldebis mxarem saqme arasamarTlianad warmoadgina.
67 United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1 (1985). (aSS iangis winaaRmdeg)
334
dasawyisidan am momentamde braldebis mxaris gancxadebebi
mimarTuli iyo Tqveni gonebis araswori mimarTulebiT
mowamvlaze. braldebis mxarem ganzrax damala gamamarTlebeli
mtkicebuleba da `uRirsad~ `moiqca~. amasTan, dacvis mxarem
pirdapir gaakeTa miniSneba prokuroris magidaze da ganacxada:
`garwmunebT, rom am sasamarTlo darbazSi aravis, maT Soris,
arc am magidasTan msxdom batonebs sjeraT, rom bili iangs
apkos motyueba hqonda ganzraxuli~.
prokurorma dacvis mxaris amgvar Sejamebaze protesti
ar gamoTqva (a.S.S. sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT, daskvniTi
sityvebi Semdegi rigiTobiT warmoiTqmeba: braldeba _ dacva
_ braldeba), magram sapasuxo sityvaSi gamoexmaura dacvis
mxaris braldebas imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos braldebis mxare Tavad
ar iyo darwmunebuli sakuTar poziciaSi:
`dacvis mxarem ganacxada, rom sasamarTlo darbazSi
damswre sazogadoebidan aravis hgonia, rom b-n iangs apkos
motyueba hqonda ganzraxuli. mogaxsenebT, rom darbazSi
mec viyavi da me... mjera, rom mas ganzraxuli hqonda apkos
motyueba. Tuki pirad STabeWdilebebze saubari nebadarTulia,
maSin Tqven Tavad mTxoveT gamomeTqva Cemi azri~.
am momentSi kamaTSi sasamarTlo CaerTo:
`naTelia, rom orive mxare valdebulia nafici msajulebis
winaSe kamaTi Sesabamisi sazRvrebis farglebSi gamarTon.
mxareebis qceva SezRudulia. `mosamarTleebis mier, sasamarTlo
darbazSi kontrolis SenarCuneba sazogadoebis interess
warmoadgens da es interesi ar unda dairRves mxareTa mier
qcevis wesebis darRvevis gamo.~ dacvis mxarem, prokuroris
msgavsad, Tavi unda Seikavos piradi mosazrebebis gamoTqmisagan
saqmis warmodgenis procesSi. mxareTa aseTi qceva sasamarTlo
darbazSi Seuferebeli da dauSvebelia. mosamarTlem romelime
mxaris mier qcevis wesebis darRvevaze dauyovnebliv unda
moaxdinos reagireba... unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom prokurori
da advokati kamaTisas Tanabrad eqvemdebarebian zogad
SezRudvebs.... prokurorze piradi Tavdasxmebis akrZalva,
mxolod nawilia im didi valdebulebisa, romelic dacvis
mxares gaaCnia. is valdebulia moeridos `RvarZlianobas~
335
mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan urTierTobaSi, sasamarTlo procesis
dros da kamaTisas Semoifarglos arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT.
mkacrad aris miRebuli, rom advokatma Tavi unda Seikavos
mowinaaRmdege mxaris piradi maxasiaTeblebsa da Taviseburebebze
miTiTebisagan. prokuroris mier dacvis mxareze Tavdasxma
aramarTebulia da amgvari Tavdasxmisagan Tavis Sekaveba
erTmniSvnelovnad vrceldeba maszec.~68
68 ix. igive 9-10 gv.
336
protesti69
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan
naTeli ar aris, ra saxis protestis dayenebaa dasaSvebi da
rodis aris es SesaZlebeli. amitom, winamdebare saxelmZR-
vaneloSi ganxiluli iqneba amerikul sasamarTloebSi apro-
birebuli protestis saxeobebi. aseve ganxiluli iqneba Ti-
Toeuli protestis arsic, raTa prokurorma/advokatma SeZ-
los mosamarTles auxsnas, Tu ratom unda dakmayofildes
misi protesti.
unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara?
raimes gaprotestebamde prokurorma/advokatma unda ga-
dawyvitos, saWiroa Tu ara protestis dayeneba. protestis
xSirad gamoTqmam SesaZloa Seqmnas STabeWdileba, rom Tqven
raimes damalvas cdilobT an simarTlis gamoaSkaravebas uS-
liT xels. aseve SesaZloa isec moxdes, rom SekiTxva pro-
tests eqvemdebarebodes, magram Tqven Tavi SeikavoT.
aris Tu ara informacia, romlis misaRebadac SekiTxva
daisva, azrs moklebuli?
Tu, magaliTad, mowinaaRmdege mxare mowmes ekiTxeba misi
sacxovrebeli da samuSao adgilis an msgavsi faqtebis Ses-
axeb da Tu am faqtebis Sesaxeb mxareebi ar davoben, pasuxi
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, imis miuxedavad swored iqneba dasmuli
SekiTxva Tu ara, mainc gamJRavndeba. magaliTad, Tu advokati
mowmes ekiTxeba: `Tqven cxovrobT faliaSvilis quCis #34-Si
meoTxe sarTulze, xom asea?~ SekiTxva arasworad aris das-
muli, is mimaniSnebelia da rTulia. ra Tqma unda, Tqven Se-
giZliaT gaaprotestoT am safuZvliT, Tumca aseT protests
didi Sedegi ar mohyveba, radgan, saboloo jamSi, Tqveni mowi-
naaRmdege mxare Secvlis SekiTxvis formas da mainc miiRebs
69 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da
Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
337
pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze. amasTan, mocemuli informacia ar
aris imdenad mniSvnelovani, rom misi gaprotesteba Rirdes.
gaprotestebis dro
mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorma/advokatma araswori
SekiTxva manamde gaaprotestos, sanam mas mowme upasuxebs. mar-
Talia, araswor SekiTxvaze pasuxi SesaZloa moixsnas da nafic
msajulebs ganemartoT, rom es pasuxi ar gaiTvaliswinon, ma-
gram nafici msajulebis mier mosmenili arasasurveli infoma-
cia SesaZloa mainc saziano iyos mxarisaTvis. rogorc ki
advokati miiCnevs, rom SekiTxva arasworia, igi unda wamodges
da Tqvas `vaprotesteb~, raTa mosamarTle darwmundes, rom
advokatis azriT SekiTxva arasworia. amis Semdeg advokatma
protestis samarTlebrivi safuZveli unda miuTiTos. gapro-
testebis Semdeg mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos, protesti
safuZvliani iyo Tu ara. Tu is safuZvliani iyo, maSin mowme
aseTi formulirebis SekiTxvas ver upasuxebs. Tu protest-
Tan dakavSirebiT damatebiTi argumentebis wamoyenebaa saWiro,
mosamarTles miuaxlovdiT da argumentebi iq waradgineT ise,
rom naficma msajulebma es argumentebi ver gaigonon. CainiS-
neT argumentebi da mosamarTlis gadawyvetilebis safuZveli,
Tu misi gasaCivreba dagWirdaT. cxadia, oficialur Canawers
sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani ganaxorcielebs.
SekiTxvebis gaprotesteba
1. iribi Cveneba _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamocdileba
es aris SemTxveva, rodesac mowmes sTxoven Cveneba misces
iseT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ris Sesaxebac mas uSualo codna
ar aqvs. magaliTad, bankis Zarcvis Cvens saqmeSi, Tu mowme ar
ganacxadebs, rom 14 ivliss igi WavWavaZis gamzirze imyofe-
boda, maSin es protests eqvemdebareba. Tu mowme am TariRze
da Zarcvis dros iq ar imyofeboda, maSin mas Cvenebis micema
mxolod imasTan dakavSirebiT SeuZlia, rac sxvam uTxra. nebi-
smier dros, rodesac mowmes SekiTxvas dausvamen da dadg-
338
indeba, rom mas faqtis uSualo codna ar aqvs, iribi Cveneba
unda gaprotestdes.
am protestis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mowmis pasux-
is simarTlis gadamowmeba jvaredin dakiTxvaze SeuZlebelia.
magaliTad, Tu mowmis Cvenebis Tanaxmad daTom mas uTxra, rom
giorgim banki gaZarcva, rogor SeZlebs dacvis mxare iseTi
faqtebis dadgenas, Tu sad idga daTo, ramdenad Sors idga
igi, rogori iyo ganaTeba, uSlida Tu ara raime mis mxedv-
elobis ares, iyo Tu ara daTo axlomxedveli da a.S.
am SemTxvevaSi advokati wamodgeba da ambobs: `vapro-
testeb. SekiTxva irib Cvenebas Seicavs.~
saqarTveloSi iribi Cveneba dasaSvebia. Tumca, es mxolod
maSin aris dasaSvebi, rodesac aseT Cvenebas sxva mtkicebule-
ba amyarebs. Tu ara, maSin iribi Cvenebis Semcveli Cveneba unda
gaprotestdes. Tu iribi Cvenebis Semcvel Cvenebas sxva mt-
kicebuleba amyarebs, mowmis pasuxis iribi Cvenebis safuZvelze
gaprotestebas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs. am saxelmZR-
vanelos aucilebeli rekomendaciaa, rom jvaredin dakiTxvaze
advokatma dauyovnebliv gamoarkvios iribi Cvenebis safuZve-
li. Tu es aris saqme, romelSic arsebuli Cvenebis Tanaxmad
viRacam, TiTqosda, raRac dainaxa, Seteva iseT sakiTxebze
unda amaxvilebdes yuradRebas, rogoricaa pirovnebis zusti
adgilmdebareoba danaxvis momentSi, ganaTebis pirobebi, mxed-
velobis aris SezRudva da a.S. gaiares Tu ara manqanebma,
avtobusebma da satvirToebma mowmesa da subieqts Soris da
dafares Tu ara maT mowmis mxedvelobis are? Tu asea, ra six-
SiriT da ra xangrZlivobiT? subieqti CrdilSi xom ar imy-
ofeboda? rogoria pirovnebis mxedveloba _ Sorsmxedvelia,
axlomxedveli, astigmatizmi xom ar awuxebs, daltoniki xom
ar aris, Cveulebriv atarebs Tu ara saTvales, romel mxares
iyo mze an quCis ganaTeba? muSaobda Tu ara quCis yvela ga-
naTeba? Cautarda Tu ara mas Tvalebze gamokvleva da ra iyo
am gamokvlevis Sedegi? ras akeTebda pirovneba zustad im mo-
mentamde, rodesac misi mtkicebiT incidenti dainaxa? ra xnis
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda incidenti? incidentis mere ram-
deni xnis gasvlis Semdeg miiRo mowmem informacia? dalia Tu
339
ara mowmem raime incidentamde, ra dailia, ramdeni da inci-
dentamde ramdeni xniT adre? iRebda Tu ara mowme raime medi-
kaments, ras, ra doziT da risTvis? moixmarda Tu ara mowme
narkotikebs, romels, ra raodenobiT da rodis? wina RamiT
ramdeni xnis ganmavlobaSi eZina mowmes? ras akeTebda mowme
TiTqosda incidentis danaxvamde da sxva ramiT xom ar iyo
dakavebuli? ra asakis aris mowme da rogoria misi fizikuri
mdgomareoba? Tavi xom ar stkioda, gaciebuli xom ar iyo,
Tvalebi wyliani xom ar hqonda an sicxe xom ar awuxebda?
Tu laparakia SemTxvevaze, romelSic pirovnebam savaraudod
raRac gaigona, zemoT CamoTvlilis garda SekiTxvebi unda
exebodes imas, Tu molaparake subieqtisgan ra daSorebiT idga
igi, xom ar awuxebs mas smenasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi,
gamokvleula Tu ara odesme misi smena da ra iyo am gamokvle-
vis Sedegebi, rogori iyo garSemo arsebuli xmauris done? im
periodSi, rodesac pirovnebis mtkicebiT man raRac gaigona,
raime xelis SemSlel xmaurs xom ar hqonia adgili, rogori-
caa satvirTo manqanebis gavla, gamvlelTa mxridan yvirili?
saubris garkveuli epizodebi CurCuliT xom ar warimarTa
ise, rom igi saubris am epizodebs ver gaigebda? rogori iyo
saubarSi Cabmuli monawileebis saxis gamometyveleba? rogori
iyo saubris toni? icvleboda Tu ara saubris toni da Tu
ki, ra dros da rogor?
zemoT CamoTvlili magaliTebi ar aris amomwuravi. ad-
vokati am SemTxvevaSi mowmes ekiTxeba im patara detalebis
Taobaze, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac jvaredin dakiTxvaze
is pirovneba unda daekiTxa, romelmac TiTqosda incidenti
dainaxa an gaigona. imis Sansi, rom iribi Cvenebis mimcemma
mowmem am SekiTxvebze yvela an umetesoba pasuxebisa icodes,
Zalze mcirea. mowmes aseve unda hkiTxoT, vinme sxvisgan xom
ar gaigona, rasac hyveba, Tu uSualod TviTon am pirovnebis-
gan moismina yvelaferi. es SesaZloa sammagi an oTxmagi iribi
Cvenebis SemTxveva iyos. aseT SemTxvevaSi warmoiSoba damate-
biTi kiTxvebi am sxva pirovnebebTan da maT damajereblobas-
Tan mimarTebaSi. prokurorma/advokatma SesaZloa eqspertic
ki gamoiZaxos ambis ramdenime piris mier xelaxal moyolas-
340
Tan dakavSirebuli problemebis da Sesabamisad SesaZlo Sec-
domebis daSvebis gansaxilvelad. marTlac, Tu sasamarTlo
procesze gamocxadebul mowmes yvela SekiTxvaze pasuxi aqvs,
es TavisTavad Zalze saeWvoa da imaze uTiTebs, rom mTavari
mowme arasodes apirebda sasamarTlo procesze Cvenebis mi-
sacemad gamocxadebas. jvaredini dakiTxvis dasasruls proku-
rorma/advokatma sasamarTlos unda sTxovos iribi Cvenebis
Semcveli mowmis Cvenebis dauSveblad cnoba, Tu mis mier gace-
muli pasuxebis Sedegad irkveva, rom informacia, romelsac
mowme gvawodebs, aradamajerebelia.
arsebobs amerikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos saqme kroufordi
vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg (124 S.Ct. 1354). kroufordis saqmeze
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom, rodesac saqme ara Cvenebis tipis
mtkicebulebebs (iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa TiTis ana-
beWdebi, dnm, a.S.) exeba, dapirispirebis debulebis Sesaxeb aSS-
s konstituciis Sesworebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlos Seu-
Zlia diskreciuli uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba aseTi mtkice-
bulebebis sandoobis dasadgenad. `Tumca, rodesac ganxilvis
sakiTxi mowmeTa Cvenebebia, meeqvse Sesworeba imaves moiTxovs,
rasac saerTo samarTali: jvaredini dakiTxvis SesaZlebloba.
es sandoobis erTaderTi maxasiaTebeli, romelsac konsti-
tuciuri moTxovnebis dakmayofileba SeuZlia, radgan TviTon
konstituciiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli, iseTi saSualebaa, ra-
sac dapirispireba hqvia.~ saqarTvelos konstituciaSi dapiri-
spirebis debulebis msgavsi araferia. Tumca, sisxlis samar-
Tlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanaxmad braldebuls garantire-
buli aqvs samarTliani sasamarTlo da yovelTvis SeiZleba
imis mtkiceba, rom mTavar mowmesTan dapirispirebisa da misi
jvaredini dakiTxvis uflebis gareSe sasamarTlo procesi
ar SeiZleba iyos samarTliani. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs samarTliani sasamarTlo
ganxilvis ufleba (muxli me-6 _ samarTliani sasamarTlo
ganxilvis ufleba _ 1. samoqalaqo uflebaTa da movaleo-
baTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi braldebis safuZvlianobis gamorkvevisas yvelas aqvs
341
gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis samarTliani da saqveyno ganxil-
vis ufleba kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili damoukidebeli da
miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
cxaddeba saqveynod, Tumca mTel sasamarTlo procesze an
mis nawilze presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar dauSvan, de-
mokratiul sazogadoebaSi moralis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis
an erovnuli uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, agreTve,
rodesac amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi an mx-
areTa piradi cxovrebis dacva, an ramdenadac, sasamarTlos
azriT, es mkacrad aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis
arsebobisas, rodesac saqveynooba zians miayenebda marTlmsa-
julebis interesebs).
2. bundovaneba
es aris protestis saxeoba, romelsac, rogorc wesi, jva-
redini dakiTxvis dros vxvdebiT. mas Cveulebriv is proku-
rori/advokati gamoTqvams, romelmac mowme pirdapir dahkiTx-
vaze dakiTxa. misi mizania mowmis dacva, raTa ar gamoCndes,
rom man ar icis raze saubrobs, an rom mas SecdomaSi Sehyavs
vinme. am situaciaSi protestis safuZveli unda iyos Semdgi:
SekiTxva sakmaod bundovania, mowmes gauWirdeba pasuxi gasces
mas. magaliTad `mZarcveli maRali iyo?~ maRali SedarebiTi
cnebaa, radgan vinme erTi pirovnebisTvis SesaZloa maRali
iyos, da meoresTvis _ ki ara. sxva saxis bundovani SekiTx-
vebi: iyo Tu ara pirovneba mdidari, dabali, msuqani, lamazi,
swrafad morbenali an nela mosiarule, iyo Tu ara iq bevri
fuli, iyo Tu ara is Senoba didi, saxli patara, didi ZaRli
da a.S. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, nebismieri SekiTxva, rom-
lis pasuxzec adamianebs SeiZleba gansxvavebuli Sexedule-
bebi hqondeT. jvaredin dakiTxvaze kiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda
daisvas: `iyo Tu ara mZarcveli 1 metrisa da 62 santimetris
simaRlis?~ an Tundac Ria daboloebis: `ra simaRlis iyo ma-
makaci, romelic Tqveni gancxadebiT bankis mZarcvelia?~
prokurorma/advokatma bundovani SekiTxva aucileblad
unda gaaprotestos, radgan aseTi saxis kiTxvaze mowmem, Tavi-
si azriT, SesaZloa swori pasuxi gasces, magram sinamdvileSi
342
jvaredin dakiTxvaze gamoCndes, rom igi arazust informacias
iZleva/cruobs. magaliTad:
k: bankis mZarcveli maRali iyo?
p: diax.
gamoZaxebulia mowme, romelmac braldebuli gazoma da
misi Cvenebis Tanaxmad, braldebulis simaRle 1 metri da 58
santimetria. Tu mowme dabali pirovneba iyo, SesaZloa mas
mosCveneboda, rom 1 metri da 58 santimetri maRalia. meore
mxriv, Tu mowme kalaTburTeli iyo, maSin 1 metrsa da 58
santimetrs dabal simaRled CaTvlida. am SekiTxvis dasmis
nebarTvis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa Camoyalibdes mcdari STabeW-
dileba, rom mowmem mamakaci SecdomiT amoicno.
kidev erTi magaliTi:
k: Zarcvidan meore dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens
restoranSi didi odenobiT fuli daxarja, ara?
p: diax.
k: Tumca, im dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens dawesebule-
baSi mxolod 20 lari daxarja, ara?
p: diax.
k: magram Tqven TqviT, rom man didi odenobiT fuli
daxarja. xom ar eubnebiT mosamarTles, rom 20 lari didi
odenobis Tanxaa?
p: megona, iyo.
es SesaZloa ise gamoCndes, TiTqos mowme cdilobs Tavis
CvenebaSi Secdoma damalos. sinamdvileSi igi SeiZleba mar-
Tla fiqrobdes, rom 20 lari didi odenobis Tanxaa, magram
mosamarTlem an naficma msajulebma SesaZloa ar daijeron,
rom es asea da Sedegad mis damajereblobaSi eWvi Seitanon.
prokurori/advokati yovelTvis darwmunebuli unda iyos,
rom mis mowmes esmodes, Tu ras ekiTxebian. zemoT mocemul
magaliTSi prokurors pirveli SekiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda
gaeprotestebina: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva bundovania.~
Tu mosamarTlem ver gaigo, ra aris bundovani, proku-
rorma/advokatma unda miuTiTos frazaze `didi odenobiT
343
fuli~. sxvaTa Soris, SekiTxvis sizustes pirdapir dakiTx-
vazec didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. Tu Tqven zemoT mocemul
magaliTSi pirveli SekiTxvis msgavs SekiTxvas dasvamT, dac-
vis mxaris advokats ecodineba ra, rom braldebulma mxolod
20 lari daxarja, gaprotestebis gareSe moicdis da Tqveni
uxeSi Secdomis Sedegad jvaredin dakiTxvaze, savaraudod,
mowmes gaanadgurebs.
rodesac jvaredin dakiTxvaze bundovan SekiTxvas sva-
men, misi gaprotesteba Tu argaprotesteba strategiuli
gadawyvetilebaa. mowinaaRmdege mxare SesaZloa fiqrobdes,
rom mowmis pasuxi mowmes daazianebs jvaredin dakiTxvaze.
meore mxriv, mowmis pasuxs SesaZloa moelodnen da is sa-
zianoc ki iyos.
3. Semxebloba
rodesac prokurori/advokati svams SekiTxvas, romelic
saqmesTan uSualo kavSirSi ar aris, es gaprotestebas eqvem-
debareba im safuZvliT, rom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSi ar aris
sakiTxTan. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis magaliTze vinme
ikiTxavda, Tu ra miirTva sauzmeze braldebulma. TiTqosda,
msgavsi SekiTxvaa: hyavda Tu ara braldebuls megobari gogona.
erTi SexedviT, es SekiTxva Seusabamoa. Tumca, mxare SesaZloa
imis demonstrirebas cdilobdes, rom megobar gogonas surda
raime nivTi saCuqrad, is iTxovda braldebulisagan Zvirfas
nivTebs da amitom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSia saqmesTan, radgan
is danaSaulis motivs ukavSirdeba.
mtkicebis SeTavazeba
es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac mas mere, rac mosamarTle
gadawyvets, rom SekiTxva Seusabamoa, prokurori/advokati
mosamarTles uxsnis, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da
ratom unda darTon mas SekiTxvis dasmis ufleba. mosamarTlem
SesaZloa Tavisi gadawyvetileba Secvalos. mosamarTlem es
rom ar gaakeTos, prokurori/advokati am gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivrebas apelaciis dros SeZlebs. mas SeuZlia saapelacio
sasamarTlos winaSe amtkicos, rom mosamarTlem mas SecdomiT
344
ar darTo SekiTxvis dasmis neba, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvn-
elobis Cveneba mohyveboda da romelic sasamarTlo verdiqts
Secvlida. amitom aris mniSvnelovani, rom mtkicebis SeTava-
zebisas prokurorma/advokatma detalurad axsnas, Tu ratom
aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da ratom unda iyos is nebadarTuli.
mtkicebis SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi prokurori/advokati au-
wyebs mosamarTles, Tu ra Cvenebas miscems mowme, Tu mas
Cvenebis micemis nebas darTaven. aseve mxarem SesaZloa uTxras
mosamarTles kiTxvebis rigiToba, raTa daarwmunos igi ama Tu
im kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobaSi.
1. mowmis arasakmarisi kompetenturoba
protestis am saxeobis safuZvelia SemTxveva, rodesac
gasarkvevia, aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi misces is Cveneba,
ris Sesaxebac ekiTxebian. magaliTad, Tu narkotikebis saqmeze
mowmis tribunasTan policieli dgas da mas ekiTxebian: `ra
aris Tqven mier amoRebuli nivTiereba?~ Tu man narkotikebi
TviTon ar moixmara an ar aris kvalificirebuli aseTi cda
Caataros, igi ar aris kompetenturi am nivTierebaze isau-
bros. mas SeuZlia mxolod is Tqvas, rom braldebulisgan
amoiRo TeTri fxvnili, radgan imis dadgenas, Tu ra aris es
fxvnili, qimiuri analizi sWirdeba. amdenad, Tu TeTri fx-
vnili vinmem Sesabamisi cdiT ar Seamowma, policiels ar eco-
dineboda, Tu ra nivTierebaze iyo saubari. Tu saqarTveloSi
policieli ganacxadebs, rom TeTri fxvnili heroini iyo,
radgan policiis qimikosma is Seamowma, es dasaSvebi iribi
Cveneba iqneba, radgan cda mas TviTon ar Cautarebia da misi
Cveneba mxolod imis angariSia, Tu sxvam ra gaakeTa. Sesabamisi
mtkicebulebebiT gamyarebis SemTxvevaSi es Cveneba sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dasaSvebia. mraval sferoSi,
romelic eqspertizis garkveul dones saWiroebs, araeqsperti
mowme, savaraudod, ar iqneba kompetenturi Cvenebis misacemad.
marTlac, protestis es saxeoba SesaZlebelia maSinac ki iyos
gamoyenebuli, rodesac Cvenebas eqsperti aZlevs, magram igi
konkretul saqmeSi mocemul sakiTxSi ver erkveva. magaliTad,
eleqtrikoss SesaZloa ar hqondes sakmarisi eqspertiza, raTa
345
qimiur sferosTan dakavSirebiT misces eqspertuli Cveneba.
analogiurad, Tu policieli Seecdeba misces Cveneba imis
Taobaze, Tu ra iyo Cxrekis Sedegad amoRebuli, magram igi
ar aris pirovneba, romelmac kontrabanda ipovna, igi ar aris
kompetenturi ganacxados, Tu sad iyo kontrabanda napovni,
radgan mas is ar aRmouCenia. am SemTxvevaSi gaprotesteba Sem-
degi saxiT moxdeboda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva exeba informa-
cias, romelic am mowmis kompetenciis miRmaa.~
2. mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi
Cven ukve SevexeT imas, Tu ra igulisxmeba mimaniSnebel
SekiTxvaSi. Tu mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva pirdapiri dakiTxvis
dros daismeba, es mowinaaRmdege mxares Semdegnairad SeuZlia
gaaprotestos: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mimaniSnebelia.~
3. rTuli (Sedgenili) SekiTxva
SekiTxva rTulia (Sedgenilia), rodesac is realurad
ori an meti SekiTxvisgan Sedgeba. magaliTad, `dainaxeT Tu
ara bankidan gamoqceuli braldebuli da eWira Tu ara mas
xelSi iaraRi?~ `ara.~ raze upasuxa mowmem `ara~? imaze,
rom braldebuls iaraRi ar sWeria Tu imaze, rom bankidan
gamoqceuli braldebuli ar daunaxavs? rTuli (Sedgenili)
SekiTxvis problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aravin icis,
Tu mowmis pasuxi ras exeba. zemoT mocemuli SekiTxva or
calkeul SekiTxvad unda gaiyos. am safuZvelze gaprotesteba
Semdegi saxiT moxdeboda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva rTulia
(Sedgenilia).~
4. mowmisgan spekulirebis (varaudis gamoTqmis) moTxovna
es aris SekiTxva, romelic mowmes sTxovs ivaraudos imis
Sesaxeb, ris Taobazec pasuxi man ar SeiZleba icodes. zoga-
dad am tipis SekiTxvebi exeba imas, Tu ras fiqrobda sxva
pirovneba an rogori iyo misi ganzraxva. magaliTad, `ras
fiqrobda braldebuli, rodesac iaraRi amoiRo? ~ an `apireb-
da braldebuli SeTanxmebis Sesrulebas? ~ spekulirebis mom-
346
Txovn SekiTxvaze gaprotesteba Semdegi saxiT unda moxdes:
`vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mowmisgan spekulirebas moiTxovs.~
5. damabneveli an gaugebari SekiTxvebi
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowinaaRmdege mxare svams
SekiTxvas, romelic yovelgvar azrs aris moklebuli da Za-
lian damabnevelia. Tu Tqven ar gesmiT, Tu ras kiTxulobs
mowinaaRmdege mxare, maSin arsebobs imis didi albaTobac,
rom mowmesac araferi esmodes. gansakuTrebiT jvaredin da-
kiTxvaze prokurorma/advokatma unda uzrunvelyos, rom misi
mowmeebi ar daibnen, radgan es maT naklebad damajereblad
warmoaCens. momzadebis procesSi prokurorma/advokatma Ta-
visi mowmeebi unda gaafrTxilos, rom Tu mas SekiTxva ar
esmis, misi axsna unda moiTxovos. Tumca, prokurori/advokati
mxolod amas ar unda daeyrdnos. mowmem SeiZleba ar moisur-
vos Tqvas, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo. amitom, es prokuroris/ad-
vokatis movaleobaa, rom gaprotestebiT Tavisi mowme daicvas
da mowinaaRmdege mxares SekiTxvis `perifrazireba~ mosTxo-
vos. es Semdegi saxiT unda gakeTdes: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva
damabnevelia.~ an Tundac: `vaprotesteb. gaugebaria mxare ras
gulisxmobs.~ ukanaskneli meTodi SeiZleba daexmaros mowmes,
romelsac SesaZloa rcxvenoda imis aRiareba, rom SekiTxva
ver gaigo. mowmec Tavs ukeT igrZnobs, Tu SekiTxva advoka-
tmac ver gaigo. Tu Tqveni protestis Semdeg mosamarTle
hkiTxavs mowmes, gaigo Tu ara man ris Sesaxeb ekiTxebian, is
savaraudod ufro aRiarebs, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo.
6. SekiTxvebi, romlebic mtkicebulebebs miRma arsebul
faqtebs gulisxmobs
am SemTxvevaSi SekiTxva iseT rames exeba, rac sasamarTlo
procesze dadgenili ar yofila. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarc-
vis saqmeSi bankis Zarcvis, iq mowmis yofnisa da mis mier
raRacis danaxvis faqtebis dadgenamde, mowmes hkiTxaven, Tu
ra mimarTulebiT gaiqca mZarcveli, amas advokati Semdegi
saxiT gaaprotestebda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mtkicebule-
bebs miRma arsebul faqtebs gulisxmobs.~
347
 am protestis, iseve rogorc safuZvlianobis naklebo-
bis Sedegad gamoTqmuli protestis Tavidan acilebis mizniT,
pirdapir dakiTxvaze advokatma TiToeuli mowmis Cvenebis
safuZveli nel-nela, gamozomili nabijebiT unda Seqmnas.
7. sakamaTo
sasamarTlo procesze prokurorebma/advokatebma mowmeebs
SekiTxvebi unda dausvan da ara _ ekamaTon maT. Tu SekiTxvis
daniSnuleba ubralod mowmesTan kamaTia, es gaprotestebis
safuZvelia: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mowmesTan kamaTs emsax-
ureba.~
8. safuZvlianobis nakleboba
am motiviT gaprotesteba yvelaze xSirad maSin xdeba,
rodesac mowmes ekiTxebian im dokumentis Sesaxeb, romlis
avTenturobis dadgenac ar momxdara. raimes avTenturobis
dadgena misi namdvilobis dadgenas gulisxmobs. imisaTvis,
rom mowmem angariSis, gamokvlevis, dRiuris, fotos an nebis-
mieri sxva werilobiTi an fotomasalis Sinaarsze imsjelos,
mas avTenturi dokumenti an foto unda uCvenon. magaliTad,
sanam mowme raimes upasuxebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris fo-
toze asaxuli, unda dadgindes, rom foto konkretul adg-
ils zustad asaxavs. audioCanaweris SemTxvevaSi unda dadg-
indes, rom Canaweri namdvilia da masSi araferia Camatebuli
an Secvlili (amoRebuli). Tu magaliTad, mowmes vinmes mier
daweril raimes uCveneben, advokatma unda daadginos, rom es
braldebulis, dazaralebulis, Tu vinc iqneba, mis mier aris
dawerili. Sesabamisad, Tu vinmes sTxoven aRweros, Tu ra
aris fotoze asaxuli, maSin vinmes, da savaraudod TviTon
mowmes unda hqondes micemuli Cveneba imis Taobaze, rom es
ganxiluli adgilis zusti aRwerilobaa. Tu amas adgili ar
hqonia, maSin mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatma SekiTxva imaze
dayrdnobiT unda gaaprotestos, rom CvenebisTvis safuZveli
ar momzadebula.
348
9. daculi informacia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi.
muxli 15. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
aravin aris valdebuli, Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis an
sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kod-
eqsiT.
muxli 38. braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani
4. braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos du-
milis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas,
es ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel
mtkicebulebad.
muxli 43. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobis
konfidencialuroba
1. braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan konfiden-
cialuri da Tavisufalia.
2. konfidencialuria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde
misi urTierToba mis SesaZlo advokatTan.
muxli 74. braldebulis Cveneba
1. braldebulis Cveneba aris mis mier sasamarTloSi mi-
cemuli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa
Sesaxeb.
2. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa.
3. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an
cru Cvenebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi bral-
eulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.
4. braldebulis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
gamamtyunebel ganaCens, Tu igi ar dasturdeba misi braleu-
lobis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis zemoT mocemuli
muxlebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia im SekiTxvis gaprote-
steba, romelic braldebulisgan dacul informacias iTxovs,
349
iseve rogorc im safuZvliT, rom aseTi informaciis moTxovna
braldebulis uflebas an privilegias laxavs. Tu pasuxi ma-
namde iqneba gacemuli, sanam protesti dakmayofildeba, moi-
TxoveT pasuxis Cvenebidan moxsna da sTxoveT mosamarTles
auxsnas nafic msajulebs am yovelives mniSvneloba.
10. kiTxva, romelic pasuxad Txrobas moiTxovs
eqspertebis garda, mowmeebs konkretuli saxis SekiTxvebi
unda dausvaT. Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba mowmes hkiTxoT: `Tu
SeiZleba moaxseneT sasamarTlos, ra gadagxdaT Tavs 2010
wlis 14 ivlisis Rames.~ am SezRudvis mizezi is aris, rom
Tu mowme Tavisi Cvenebas Tavisufali TxrobiT mogviyveba
da ara kiTxva-pasuxis gziT gadmogvcems, maSin, faqtobrivad
SeuZlebeli iqneba iribi Cvenebebis, spekulaciebis, mowmis
kompetenciis miRma sakiTxebis dadgena da maTi Tavidan aci-
leba.
mowmis pasuxebi
marTalia, prokurorTa/advokatTa mier gamoTqmuli pro-
testebis umravlesoba mxaris mier mowmeebisTvis dasmul Se-
kiTxvebs exeba, magram sasamarTlo procesze SesaZloa mowmis
pasuxmac gamoiwvios protesti.
magaliTad, rodesac mowme aramarTebul pasuxs warmoT-
qvams, prokurorma/advokatma es unda gaaprotestos. misi pro-
testis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, prokurorma/advokatma
mosamarTles unda sTxovos pasuxis oqmidan amoSla da nafic
msajulTaTvis imis ganmarteba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebi-
sas es pasuxi mxedvelobaSi ar miiRon (an nafic msajulTa
gareSe sasamarTlos SemTxvevaSi sTxovos mosamarTles, rom
man pasuxi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ar gaiTvaliswinos). Tu
mogvianebiT mosamarTle Tavis verdiqts safuZvlad am pasuxs
daudebs, dauSvebeli mtkicebulebis gamoyeneba SesaZloa war-
matebuli gasaCivrebis safuZveli gaxdes.
1. iribi Cveneba
magaliTisaTvis, prokurorma mowmes Semdegi SekiTxviT
350
mimarTa: `imyofeba Tu ara dRes sasamarTlo darbazSi pirovne-
ba, romelmac 2010 wlis 14 ivliss WavWavaZis gamzirze banki
gaZarcva?~ mowmem ki Semdegi pasuxi gasca: `diax, rogorc
Cemma megobarma iraklim miTxra, es merabma gaakeTa da igi
iq zis.~ pasuxi aSkarad irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelsac sa-
samarTlo procesze ukve warmodgenili veraviTari arsebiTi
mtkicebulebebi ver amyarebs. advokatma es unda gaaprotestos
da pasuxis oqmidan moxsnis Taobaze Suamdgomloba daayenos:
`vaprotesteb. pasuxi irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelic sxva
mtkicebulebiT ar myardeba.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daak-
mayofilebs, maSin dacvis mxaris advokatma unda Tqvas: `vSua-
mdgomlob, raTa pasuxi oqmidan moixsnas da nafic msajulebs
ganemartoT, rom es konkretuli Cveneba mxedvelobaSi ar
miiRon.~ igive exeba nafic msajulTa gareSe sasamarTlosac.
2. Seusabamo pasuxebi
Seusabamoa pasuxi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi SekiTxvis arss
ar exeba. pasuxi SesaZloa mTlianad an nawilobriv Seusa-
bamo iyos. rodesac pasuxi mTlianobaSi Seusabamoa, mxarem
mTliani pasuxi unda gaaprotestos. nawilobriv Seusabamo
pasuxis SemTxvevaSi pasuxi nawilobriv unda gaprotestdes.
magaliTad: `dainaxeT Tu ara, rom 2010 wlis 14 ivliss b-ni
zurabi mwvane BMW-s marTavda?~ pasuxi: `ara, me b-n zurabs
wlebia, rac vicnob da mas araerTxel aqvs CemTvis naTqvami,
rom BMW -s markis avtomobilebi ar moswons da maT ara-
sodes marTavda.~ sityva `ara~ pasuxis erTaderTi nawilia,
romelic SekiTxvas exmianeba. mowinaaRmdege mxarem Semdegi
saxis protesti unda gamoTqvas: `vaprotesteb mTlian pasuxs
sityva `aras~ gamoklebiT.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daak-
mayofilebs, Semdeg mxare iSuamdgomlebs pasuxis dauSvebeli
nawilis moxsnisa da nafic msajulTa mier misi gauTval-
iswineblobis Taobaze.
gasakviria, magram bevri prokurori/advokati aRar cv-
lis gaprotestebul kiTxvas, raTa pasuxis oqmidan moxsnili
nawili mowmis CvenebaSi miabrunos. cxadia, mxares aqvs ufle-
351
ba, gaprotestebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalos kiTxvis formuli-
reba an mTlianad kiTxva da xelaxla swori formiT dasvas
SekiTxva an uzrunvelyos mowmis mier pasuxis marTebulad
gacemis SesaZlebloba.
3. safuZvels moklebuli Cveneba
arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi
am safuZvliT unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `2010 wlis
14 ivliss midiodiT Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze?~ pasuxi:
`es is dRe iyo, rodesac iq merabma banki gaZarcva.~ SekiTxva
kargi iyo, radgan prokurori cdilobda safuZvlis momzade-
bas Zarcvis scenis aRwerisaTvis. pasuxi ki safuZvels mokle-
bulia, radgan mowmis Cvenebis am etapze araferia dadgenili
imis Taobaze, rom igi WavWavaZeze swored im adgilas da
dros imyofeboda, raime dainaxa da raimes danaxvis poziciaSi
iyo. yvelas TvalSi ise Cans, TiTqos mis mier mowodebuli
informaciis wyaro misi megobari liaa da sasamarTlo pro-
cesze arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi jer gamokvleuli ar yofila.
kidev erTi magaliTi eqspertizas exeba: `gsmeniaT Tu ara
xanZris Sesaxeb, romelic 2010 wlis 30 agvistos WavWavaZis
gamziris #19-Si gaCnda?~ pasuxi: `diax, es cecxlis ganzrax
wakideba iyo, ris Sedegadac saxli bolomde daiwva.~ mxare
`diax~ sityvis Semdeg yvelafris Cvenebidan moxsnaze iSuamd-
gomlebda safuZvlianobis naklebobis motiviT. am etapze jer
arafriT yofila dadasturebuli, rom mowmes hqonda imis
SesaZlebloba scodnoda, cecxli ganzrax iyo wakidebuli
Tu ara. marTlac, jer isic ki ar iyo dadgenili, rom man
saxli naxa. iseve, rogorc nebismier sxvas, mowmesac SeeZlo
xanZris Sesaxeb gazeTSi waekiTxa, saidanac aseve gaigebda, rom
viRacis TqmiT es cecxlis ganzrax wakidebiT moxda. `diax~
sityvis Semdeg pasuxi aseve dauSvebelia da Seusabamo.
garkveuli pirovneba im bankis gareT, romelic gaZarcves,
SekiTxva kargia imdenad, ramdenadac is konkretul dros,
TariRs da adgils exeba. Tumca, Tu mowme pasuxobs `diax, igi
ise iqceoda, rogorc saguSagoze myofi~, pasuxi mowmis piradi
Sexedulebaa imis Taobaze, Tu ras akeTebda mamakaci. marTe-
buli pasuxi mxolod faqtebs unda eyrdnobodes, magaliTad,
`igi gamudmebiT aqeT-iqiT iyureboda. igi bankis win midioda
da orive mxares ixedeboda, Semdeg ukan brundeboda da igives
imeorebda.~ meore mxriv, Tu mowme gamocdili policiis ofi-
ceria, romlis kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb prokurorma safuZveli
moamzada, mas SeuZlia sakuTar gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT
gamoTqvas mosazreba, rom mamakaci raRacas yaraulobda.
mas Semdeg, rac maTi, rogorc eqspertebis uflebamosile-
ba dadgindeba, an rodesac maT uflebamosilebas sasamarTlo
maTi daniSvnisas daadgens, eqspertebs SeuZliaT sakuTari mo-
sazrebebi Tavisi eqspertizis sferoSi gamoTqvan. Cveneba, ro-
melic daskvnebs Seicavs igivea, rac mosazreba. aqedan gamomdi-
nare, policiels SeuZlia Tqvas, rom dazaralebuls esroles,
magram mxolod samedicino eqsperts SeuZlia daadasturos
daskvniT, rom dazaralebuli am gasrolisgan gardaicvala.

4. piradi mosazrebebi
eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT, yvela sxva mowme faqtebTan
dakavSirebiT Cvenebis misacemad aris gamoZaxebuli. ase, mag-
aliTad, Tu araeqspert mowmes ekiTxebian, Tu ras akeTebda
352 353
 nafic msajulTa instruqciebi70
(amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika)
rogor SevqmnaT gasagebi instruqcia nafici msajulebisaTvis
nafici msajulebi marTlmsajulebis sistemis ganuyofel
nawils warmoadgenen. mogvwons Tu ara, federaluri konsti-
tucia, iseve rogorc, umetesoba Statebis konstituciebisa
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze braldebulebs aniWebs uflebas
saqme nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganxilvas dauqvemdebaros.
xSirad es instituti samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSic moq-
medebs. miuxedavad amisa, aRniSnuli uflebis gamoyenebas azri
ekargeba, Tu nafic msajulebs arasworad esmiT is kanoni,
romlis Tanaxmadac gadawyvetileba unda miiRon.
Sesavali
nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobis mTavari amocanaa konkre-
tul saqmeze miiRon gadawyvetileba _ verdiqti. SesaZlebe-
lia iseTi sistemis warmodgenac, sadac nafici msajulebis
kompetenciaSi Sevidoda ara mxolod saqmeSi arsebuli fa-
qtebis gadawyveta, aramed verdiqtis misaRwevad faqtebisTvis
saWiro kanonis Sefardebac. ase magaliTad, mravali saukunis
manZilze inglisis nafici msajulebisaTvis kanonis ganmarteba
Zalze SezRudulad, praqtikulad ar xdeboda. aSS-s isto-
riuli ganviTarebis adreul etapzec, nafic msajulebs sak-
maod farTo diskrecia eZleodaT samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis
gadasawyvetad. aRniSnuli Tavisufleba nawilobriv, im did
ndobas emyareboda, romelic qveynis damfuZneblebs rigiTi
70 nafic msajulTa instruqciebis momzadeba _ redaqtireba da Targmna
ganaxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. warmodgenili teqsti pirvelad
daibeWda samarTlebrivi weris JurnalSi `sqraibs~ da qarTulad Targmnis
Semdeg gamoica `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. teqstis avtoria peter m. Tiersmani
da misi Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa `nafic msajulebTan urTierToba: rogor
SevadginoT nafic msajulebisaTvis martivad gasagebi miTiTebebi~, Statis
sasamarTloebis erovnuli centri, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in
10 Scribes J. Legal Writing 1 (2005_2006)].
354
adamianis keTilsindisieri/saRi azris mimarT gaaCndaT.
nafic msajulTa institutis Tanamedrove definicia Tan-
daTanobiT ganviTarda; dRes miiCneva, rom nafic msajulTa
Semadgenlobis funqciaa daadginos ra moxda, e.i. faqtebi
saqmeze, iseve rogorc gamoitanos verdiqti. amasTan, faqte-
bisaTvis Sesabamisi kanonis normaTa Sefardeba/misadageba mo-
samarTleTa eqskluziur kompetencias ganekuTvneba.
udavoa, rom mas mere, rac mosamarTleebi miiReben ga-
dawyvetilebas kanonis Sesabamisi normebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnuli
gadawyvetileba nafic msajulebs unda ecnoboT. swored es
aris nafici msajulebisaTvis ASeqmnili instruqciis daniSnu-
leba. instruqciam nafic msajulebs kanoni unda ganumartos.
gaiTvaliswineT, rom ganmartebis micema gansxvavdeba vinmesT-
vis raimes QTqmis an wakiTxvisagan. Tqven SegiZliaT uTxraT
vinmes raime, ise rom adresatma ver gaigos Tqveni naTqvami,
mag., Tuki msmeneli ar flobs mosaubris enas. ganmartebis arsi
ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tqven mxolod TqmiT an wakiTxviT
ar SemoifargloT, aramed auditoriam namdvilad unda gaigos
Tqven mier miwodebuli informaciis Sinaarsi, winaaRmdeg Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tqveni komunikacia fuWia. nafici msajulebisaTvis
instruqciis mxolod xmamaRla wakiTxva TavisTavad ver CaiT-
vleba ganmartebad.
winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs mkiTxvels gauziaros
nafic msajulebTan efeqturi komunikaciis ZiriTadi wesebi. es
masala emyareba ori-sami aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi Catare-
bul kvlevas dagrovili gamocdilebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi
enis, nafici msajulis aRqmisa da wminda `inglisuri wesebis~
Taobaze, agreTve Cems pirad gamocdilebas, romelic kali-
forniis StatisaTvis ufro gasagebi instruqciis SemuSavebis
mizniT Seqmnili specialuri samuSao jgufis wevris rangSi
SeviZine.
naSromis pirveli nawili eTmoba komunikaciisa da weris
xelovnebis zogadi principebis mimoxilvas, igi grZeldeba
nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis ufro detaluri prin-
cipebis aRweriT, dabolos, gvTavazobs aRniSnuli principebi
gaTvaliswinebul iqnes instruqciebis weris procesSi.
355
 zogadi principebi naTeli komunikaciisaTvis
kargi mwerali iTvaliswinebs auditorias, romelsac
mimarTavs da iseT enas SearCevs, romelic am ukanasknelisaT-
vis gasagebia.
nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis SemTxvevaSi, aRniS-
nuli moiTxovs Cveulebrivi qarTulis (da ara iuridiuli
terminologiis gamoyenebas, agreTve ramdenime sxva saxelmZR-
vanelo principis gaTvaliswinebas `gamarTuli enis~ uzrun-
velsayofad.
gaiTvaliswineT Tqveni auditoria
nebismieri mwerlis mTavari principia, mudmivad gaiaz-
ros auditoria, romlisTvisac wers. uzenaesi sasamarTlo-
saTvis Sedgenili dokumentis ena gansxvavdeba klientisaTvis
miwerili axsna-ganmartebis werilisagan, romelic mas ander-
Zisa Tu gayris Sesaxeb terminebs ganumartavs. WeSmaritad
kargi iuristi imdenad kargad unda icnobdes kanons, rom
sakuTari klientebisaTvis misi martivi eniT axsna SeeZlos.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, iuristis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani un-
ari ukavSirdeba iuridiuli cnebebisa da iuridiuli Jargo-
nis Cveulebriv qarTul literaturul da ara iuridiul
enaze Targmnis SesaZleblobas. bunebrivia, Tqveni auditoria
nafici msajulebisgan Sedgeba. siebi, saidanac nafici msa-
julebi irCevian gansxvavdeba qveynis masStabiT da xSirad
TviT konkretuli geografiuli arealis SigniTac. Sesabam-
isad, yvela Semadgenloba ramdenadme gansxvavebuli iqneba.
ase rom, arcTu martivia imis gadawyveta, Tu vin aris
Tqveni auditoria, konkretulad ki ra ganaTlebis done da
kiTxvisa Tu smenis SesaZleblobebi gaaCniaT mis wevrebs.
erTi SexedviT, mizanSewonilia iseTi instruqciis Sed-
gena, romelic yvela nafici msajulisTvis Tanabrad gasagebi
iqneba, Tumca es SesaZloa zogjer miuRwevel amocanad iqces.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo procesze dakvirveba da
iuristebis daskvniTi sityvebis mosmena garkveulwilad dae-
xmareba nafic msajulebs gaigon samarTlebrivi normebi. maT
aseve miecemaT SesaZlebloba imsjelon instruqciis Sesaxeb
356
saTaTbirod gasvlis drosac. aqve mniSvnelovania gaviTval-
iswinoT, rom braldeba/dacva ecdeba instruqciebis maTeuli
interpretacia SesTavazon auditorias. miuxedavad imisa, rom
TaTbiri SesaZloa daexmaros msajulebs kanonis sworad gage-
baSi, erToblivma ganxilvam aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios erTi
an meti msajulis mier danarCeni Semadgenlobis gadabireba
instruqciis araswori interpretaciis safuZvelze.
Sesabamisad, rCeva da TaTbiri ver Seavsebs cudad ganmarte-
buli instruqciis defeqtebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom instruqcia yovelTvis ver iqneba
Tanabrad gasagebi yvela msajulisaTvis, logikuri iqneba ar-
sebobdes minimaluri moTxovna, rom nafici msajulebisaTvis
instruqciis ganmarteba gasagebi iyos saSualo, Cveulebrivi
nafici msajulisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tavisuflad Segvi-
Zlia miviCnioT, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi msajulTa umravle-
soba sworad gaigebs kanons.
praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom sa-
Sualo nafic msajuls miRebuli aqvs saSualo ganaTleba (dam-
Tavrebuli aqvs skola). Sesabamisad, gonivrulia migvaCndes,
rom Cveni auditoria wera-kiTxvis SemZlea, 12- klasiani ga-
naTlebis donis standartiT. zogjer sasargebloa warmoid-
ginoT, TiTqos romelime iuridiul cnebas Tqvens parikmax-
ers, Tqveni sayvareli restornis mimtans, an sxva, SedarebiT
`Cveulebriv~ adamians uxsniT.
SearCieT Sesaferisi stili da tonaloba
sasamarTlo darbazi oficialuri tipis garemoa. aseTma
garemom SesaZloa Sesabamisi oficaluri da zogjer gadaWar-
bebiT pompezuri enisa da saubris manerisaken gvibiZgos. gamon-
akliss arc mosamarTleebi warmoadgenen. garda amasa, nafici
msajulebisaTvis instruqcia erT-erTi iSviaT gamonaklisia,
rodesac mosamarTles SeuZlia mimarTos nafic msajulebs
sxdomis msvlelobisas. msgavs situaciebSi umravlesoba Cven-
gans surs maRalfardovani da zedmetad literaturuli enis
gamoyenebiT sakuTari erudicia gamoamJRavnos da kargi STabe-
Wdileba datovos; magram oficialuri ena amcirebs Sinaarsis
gagebis albaTobas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esaubrebiT
357
saSualoze dabali ganaTlebis mqone adamianebs, radgan lit-
eraturuli enis Seswavla skolaSi xdeba. amasTan, zedmeti
formaloba qmnis distancias mosaubresa da msmenels Soris.
Sesabamisad, nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar unda iyos gadat-
virTuli oficialuri eniT. dRevandeli nafici msajulebi
ufro zedmiwevniT Seasruleben maTze dakisrebul movaleo-
bas, Tuki eqnebaT gancda, rom isini simarTlis dasadgenad
momarTuli erTiani meqanizmis nawils warmoadgenen da ara
jariskacebs, romelTac sakuTari valis moxda imperatorma
ubrZana.
amavdroulad, garkveuli doziT formalobis SenarCuneba
Seaxsenebs procesis monawileebs procesis mniSvnelobas da
aRZravs pativiscemas sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT. quCis Jar-
goni yovlad Seusabamoa aseTi situaciisaTvis. rogorc sxva
mraval cxovrebiseul SemTxvevaSi, aqac sworeba `oqros Su-
aledze~ unda gakeTdes. zogadad, nafici msajulebisaTvis
instruqcia zomierad oficialuri, Tumca ara zedmetad ga-
datvirTuli dokumenti unda iyos.
gamoiyeneT logikuri struqtura
informaciis logikuri saxiT warmodgena bevrad am-
artivebs auditoriis mxridan mis aRqmas. ase magaliTad,
monaTxrobi ufro advilad aRsaqmelia, Tu mas qronolo-
giur reJimSi movyvebiT. movlenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba
araqronologiuri sizustiT an msmenelis `ukan dabrunebis~
teqnikis gamoyeneba SesaZloa saintereso xerxia literatu-
ruli TvalsazrisiT, Tumca aseve SeiZleba damabneveli iyos
mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic iZulebulia gabneuli informacia
erT logikur msvlelobad Sekras.
nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar mogviTxrobs ambavs, Se-
sabamisad qronologiuri organizacia naklebad gamogvadgeba.
Tumca, garkveulwilad, sasamarTlo procesis qronologia
gvTavazobs informaciis organizebis garkveul princips: See-
cadeT nafic msajulebs informacia maSin miawodoT, rodesac
es maT winaSe arsebul amocanas Seesabameba. bevri mosamarTle
nafic msajulebs instruqcias praqtikulad procesis bolos
acnobs. Tumca, upriani iqneba maT garkveuli ZiriTadi xasi-
358
aTis informacia uSualod procesis dawyebamde mivawodoT.
sul mcire, nafic msajulebs unda SeeqmnaT warmodgena imis
Sesaxeb, rogori iqneba procesis msvleloba, ra wesebiTYunda
ixelmZRvanelon mtkicebulebebTan mimarTebiT, aseve YTu ra
edeba braladbraldebuls. msajulebs gacilebiT ukeT daa-
maxsovrdebaT mtkicebulebebi, Tuki Tavidanve ecodinebaT
ra aris mniSvnelovani da ra ara. aSS-s bevr sasamarTloSi
gavrcelebulia praqtika, rodesac msajulebs uamravi cudad
organizebuli faqtiT tvirTaven da mxolod Semdeg uxsnian
danaSaulis niSnebs, rac yovelgvar saR azrs aris moklebuli.
bevrad ufro xelsayrelia, umetesoba instruqiebisa pro-
cesis dawyebisas gavceT, xolo uSualod TaTbiris win zepi-
rad gavakeToT instruqciis mokle Sejameba da nafic msaju-
lebs gadavceT instruqciis werilobiTi asli.
konkretul instruqciebTan mimarTebiT gasaTvaliswinebeli
zogierTi organizaciuli principi:
 pirvel rigSi, SeexeT yvelaze metad mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebs;
 moaTavseT zogadi informacia konkretuli informaciis
win;
 axseneT jer zogadi mocemuloba an wesi, xolo Semdeg
miuTiTeT mTavar garemoebebze an gamonaklisebze.
nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar unda JRerdes rogorc
viqtorianuli epoqis dokumenti, romelic iwyeba iuridiuli
sityvebiT daxunZluli grZeli SesavliT da Seicavs iseT si-
tyvebs, rogoric aris `maSasadame~, `uwinaresad~, `viTvalis-
winebT ra~, `vaRiarebT ra~ da a.S., grZeldeba gamonaklisebis
da damatebiTi garemoebebis vrceli siiT da mxolod sul
bolos gadadis sakiTxis arsze. amis nacvlad, axseniT jer
zogadi wesi da Semdeg gadadiT misgan gamonaklisi SemTxveve-
bis daxasiaTebaze,aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
arsebobs informaciis organizebis sxva principebic, rom-
lebic SeiZleba mivusadagoT instruqciebs. erT-erTi aseTi
principia dasaTaureba. rodesac nafic msajulebs gadascemT
instruqciis werilobiT asls, TiToeul TavSi Sesabamisi sa-
Tauris an saxelwodebis miniSneba nafic msajulebs daexmare-
359
baT saWiroebisamebr moZebnon Sesabamisi instruqcia TaTbiris
dros. agreTve sasargebloa CamonaTvalis numeraciac. yov-
elTvis rodesac nafic msajulebs mxedvelobaSi misaRebad
eZlevaT sxvadaxva elementi an faqtorebi _ mag., danaSaulis
niSnebi, an mowmis sandoobis gansasazRvrad gasaTvaliswine-
beli garemoebebi _ maTi warmodgena siis saxiT unda moxdes.
amasTan aRsaniSnavia: braldeba/dacva da sasamarTlo in-
stinqturad xvdeba, rom danaSauli da misi gamomwvevi mizezi,
Cveulebriv, danaSaulis Semadgeneli elementebiT ganisaz-
Rvreba, romelTaganac yvela kumulaciurad unda dakmayofil-
des, maSin rodesac yvela faqtoris/garemoebis dakmayofileba
ar aris saWiro gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis da danarCeni
faqtorebi mxolod saTvalavSi moiazreba.
mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul gansxvavebaze raime gziT mieTiTos
nafic msajulebs, magaliTad:
braldebuls brali edeba qurdobaSi. saxelmwifom unda
daamtkicos, rom qvemoT CamoTvlili elementebidan yvela
simarTles Seesabameba:
1. braldebuli sxvis [saxeli, mag., Tengizis] nivTs am
ukanasknelis nebis gareSe daeufla;
2. braldebuls ganzraxuli hqonda miesakuTrebina [saxe-
li, mag., Tengizis] nivTi.
amasTan:
3. braldebulma Tundac mokle manZilze gadaaadgila niv-
Ti, da garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi flobda mas.
Tqveni gadasawyvetia endobiT Tu ara mowmes. mowmis
Cvenebis Sefasebisas dausviT Tqvens Tavs Semdegi SekiTxvebi:
1. ramdenad kargad esmoda an xedavda mowme im sagnebs,
romelTa Sesaxebac Cveneba misca?
2. ramdenad kargad axsovda mowmes momxdari da ramdenad
kargad aRwera igi?
3. esmoda Tu ara mowmes misTvis dasmuli SekiTxvebi da
pirdapir pasuxobda Tu ara maT?
4. ramdenad sandod geCvenaT mowme?
aseTi magaliTi gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebis kiTxvebis
saxiT gadmocemis yvelaze gasageb gzas warmoadgens.
360
iyaviT maqsimalurad konkretuli
kanoni zogad da abstraqtul formulirebebs unda Sei-
cavdes, raTa misi Sefardeba nebismieri pirisaTvis da misi
farglebiT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri qmedebisaTvis iyos
SesaZlebeli. arsebobs sakmao mizezi, Tundac danaSaulis
ganmartebisas aseTi zogadi da abstraqtuli enis gamosayene-
blad. magram mas Semdeg, rac danaSauli moxdeba, sasamarTlo
procesze ganixileba braldebulis braleulobis sakiTxi, e.i.
sakiTxi viwrovdeba da Zalze konkretuli xdeba. kanonebi ara
mxolod rTuli eniT aris dawerili, aramed is ar ganumar-
tavs nafic msajulebs, rogor Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli
amocana.
maSin, rodesac kanoni, rogorc wesi, Seicavs iseT ab-
straqtul terminebs, rogorcaa `nebismieri piri, romelic
Caidens X qmedebas, damnaSavea~, nafic msajulTa Semadgen-
lobam unda gadawyvitos, Caidina Tu ara pirma X qmedeba.
gansxvavebiT kodeqsisa, Tu kanonTa krebulisgan, instruqcia
ar unda Sedgebodes abstraqtuli iuridiuli principebis
CamonaTvalisagan, aramed is unda uxsnides msajulebs, Tu
rogor miaRwion verdiqts.
gamoiyeneT gasagebi leqsika
iuridiul fakultetze swavlisas yvela Cvengans axsovs
uamrav ucnob terminologiasTan Widili. Tuki aseT Soreul
warsuls ver ixsenebT, maSin SesaZloa filosofiis an lingvis-
tikis Sesaxeb leqcias daswrebixarT an wigni wagikiTxavT,
anda gicdiaT gagerCiaT instruqcia kompiuteris an sxva
mowyobilobis dasaprogrameblad da mimxvdarxarT, rom bevri
araferi gesmiT, radgan instruqcia uamrav teqnikur termin-
logias Seicavs. yoveldRiurad iuridiuli terminologiis
gamoyenebisas, advilia imis daviwyeba, Tu ramdenad ucnau-
rad JRers es leqsika maTTvis, vinc iuristi ara aris. ase
rom, nafici msajulebisaTvis gasagebi instruqciis erT-erTi
ZiriTadi principia, is martivi eniT iyos Sedgenili.
1. teqnikuri terminologia
Cveulebriv adamians aqvs zogadi codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu
361
rogor funqcionirebs samarTlebrivi sistema, iseve rogorc
daaxloebiTi warmodgena zogierTi ZiriTadi iuridiuli ter-
minis mniSvnelobaze. iseTi sityvebis mniSvneloba, rogoric
aris, magaliTad: mosamarTle, braldebuli, nafic msajulTa
Semadgenloba, mandaturi, badragi, umravles SemTxvevaSi na-
klebad problemuria, ase rom, maTi Setana nafic msajulTa
instruqciaSi dasaSvebia.
Tumca iuridiuli terminebis umravlesoba farTo sazoga-
doebisaTvis ucnobia, xolo zogierTi termini, iseTi, magali-
Tad, rogoricaa _ lis pendens (procesualuri gamowveva), per
stirpes (delikventi), pirveli rigis mekvidre, deliqti, Cveu-
lebrivi adamianebisaTvis sruliad burusiTaa moculi. meore
mxriv, aseTi sityvebis teqnikuri Sinaarsi aSkaraa da ufro
advili misaxvedria, rom aucilebelia maTTvis Tavis arideba
instruqciis Sedgenisas.
zogierT iurisdiqciSi meti albaTobiT mtkiceba niSnavs
varauds, rom raRac Seesabameba sinamdviles. magaliTad, ninom
unda daamtkicos, rom goCa misi mamaa, ufro martivi iqneba
vTqvaT, rom ninom unda daamtkicos, rom goCa savaraudod,
misi mama unda iyos, vidre ninom meti albaTobiT unda daamt-
kicos, rom goCa mis biologiur mamas warmoadgens. amgvarad,
zedmet terminologias avicilebT Tavidan.
iuristebic ki zogjer unda dafiqrdnen, rom gaixsenon
saxlis mepatrone moijarea/mogiravnea Tu meijare/megiravne.
amitom, SeecadeT yvelgan ufro martivi terminologia gamoi-
yenoT. mocemuli pirebi SesaZlebelia msesxeblad da gamsesxe-
blad movixsenioT. imave principiT moqiravne da gamqiravebeli
SeiZleba CavanacvloT mepatroniT da mdgmuriT.
Tumca yovelTvis ver SevZlebT Tavi avariodoT iuridi-
uli terminebis gamoyenebas. zogjer termini imdenad damkvi-
drebulia, rom ara mxolod darbazSi myofi iuristebisaTvis,
aramed albaT Tavad nafici msajulebisTvisac ki bunebrivad
JRers. iuridiuli terminologia agreTve xelsayrelia la-
koniurobisaTvis. maSin, rodesac meti albaTobis kriteriumi
ramdenime sityviT aixsneba, gonivruli eWvis standartis axs-
nisaTvis SesaZloa ramdenime winadadebac ki ar gveyos (garda
ramdenime iurisdiqciisa, sadac misaRebia `mtkiced sarwmu-
362
noobis~ standarti). Tuki gonivruli eWvis standartis ms-
gavsi sxva terminis axsna erTi-ori Cveulebrivi qarTuli si-
tyviT ver moxerxda, maSin SesaZloa ukeTesi iyos is pirdapir
gamoviyenoT. aseT dros jer unda avxsnaT terminis mniSvn-
eloba. araerT SemTxvevas hqonia adgili, rodesac nafic msa-
julebs TaTbiris dros leqsikonSi dauwyiaT sityvebis Zebna,
rac teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT aramarTebul qcevad iTvleba.
cnobilia, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebis dros ZiriTadad eZebdnen
Semdeg sityvebs: xelyofa, fizikurad gasworeba, braleuli,
sapatimro sasjeli, patimroba, meurveoba/mzrunveloba, pro-
vokacia, deduqcia, fsiqikuri aSliloba, iuridiuli Sedegi,
daudevroba, gadacdoma, motivi, mkvleloba, gaufrTxileblo-
ba, sakuTreba, winaswari Secnoba, albaTobis testi, siaxlove-
Si myofi, keTilgonieri, Seusabamo/arajerovani, brunvaSi CaS-
veba (magaliTad, yalbi Cekis), danaSaulebrivi gulgriloba.
miuxedavd imisa, rom umravles SemTxvevebSi aseTi Sec-
domebi nafici msajulebis qcevaSi umtkivneuloa, Tavad msgav-
si faqtebis arseboba imaze metyvelebs, rom nafic msajulebs
iSviaTad esmiT iuridiuli terminologia.
ra Tqma unda, mosamarTleebi ar iSureben mcdelobas
ganmarton sagnis ganmsazRvreli termini, Tumca xSirad avi-
wydebaT, rom sityvebi, romliTac ganmartebas vakeTebT ufro
martivi unda iyos, vidre Tavad gansamartavi sityva. ase mag-
aliTad, arsebobs ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac kaliforniis
nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobam sikvdiliT dasjis saqmeebze
mosTxova mosamarTles maTTvis ganemarta sityva `Semsub-
uqeba~ sabolood kaliforniam instruqcias daamata defini-
cia, sadac axsnili iyo, rom `Semsubuqeba~ pasuxismgeblobis
xarisxze moqmedi, Tumca ara misi gamomricxveli garemoebaa,
rac albaT arcTu martivi axsnaa. nafic msajulebs, romleb-
sac `Semsubuqeba~ ar esmiT, albaT gauWirdebaT pasuxismge-
blobis xarisxze moqmedi cnebis, mniSvnelobis wvdoma.
dabolos, zogierT teqnikur iuridiul frazasTan
mimarTebiT, adamianebi metwilad cdiloben `daSalon~ fraza
an gamoicnon misi mniSvneloba, magaliTisaTvis, xSirad miaC-
niaT, rom uaxloesi Sedegi niSnavs miaxloebiT Sedegs.
aseT SemTxvevebSi umjobesia saerTod Tavidan aviciloT
363
msgavsi frazis gamoyeneba, Tumca es yovelTvis ar aris Sesa-
Zlebeli. Tuki msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCndiT, upriania ganum-
artoT nafic msajulebs, rom mocemul sityvas/frazas sxva
datvirTva da mniSvneloba aqvs. mag., miuTiToT: `gansxvavebiT
gavrcelebuli mniSvnelobisagan, mocemul SemTxvevaSi sityva/
fraza [CasviT] (ar) unda gavigoT, rogorc [ CasviT ]~.
2. teqnikuri terminebi, romlebic Cveulebriv metyvelebaSic gamoiyeneba
damatebiTi problema iqmneba, rodesac iuridiuli termini
literaturul enaSi sxva mniSvnelobiT aris cnobili. amas
`iuridiul omonimebs~ uwodeben. zogjer iuridiuli mniSvn-
eloba ufro konkretulia, vidre zogadad miRebuli gansaz-
Rvreba. magaliTisTvis, umravlesobam icis, Tu ras niSnavs
cnebebi gonivrul eWvs miRma an daudevroba, Tumca mxolod
zogadi Sinaarsi esmiT. xalxi ver aRiqvams im niuansebs, rom-
lebic xSir SemTxvevaSi saukuneebis manZilze ixveweboda
precedentebis meSveobiT. cxadia, sasurveli iqneba msgavsi
terminebi SeZlebisdagvarad Tavidan aviridoT da Tu amas
ver SevZlebT, maSin ganvmartoT. kidev ufro did problemas
warmoadgens iseTi iuridiuli sityvebi da frazebi, romelTa
iuridiuli Sinaarsi ara mxolod ufro konkretulia, aramed
principulad gansxvavdeba maTi Cveulebrivi mniSvnelobisagan.
magaliTisaTvis, termini piradi sakuTreba umetesoba adamian-
ebisaTvis `piradi sagnebTan~ asocirdeba, Tumca iuridiulad
misi mniSvneloba sakuTrebis zogadi cnebisgan gansxvavdeba.
aseTive situaciaa individualur ganacxadTan mimarTebiT, um-
ravlesobas is gancxadebad miaCnia, romelic ar aris dakav-
Sirebuli raime sasamarTlo warmoebasTan. msgavs SemTxvevas-
Tan gvaqvs saqme inglisuri terminis mayhem-Tan mimarTebiT,
rac popularul inglisur enaze masiur areulobas, Rreobas
niSnavs, Tumca am terminis iuridiuli Sinaarsi dasaxiCrebas,
sxeulis an misi nawilebis daWras an/da damaxinjebas niS-
navs. aucilebelia sifrTxiliT movekidoT yvela aseT ter-
mins, radgan maT SesaZloa Cveulebrivi adamiani SecdomaSi
Seiyvanon. garda amasa, fsiqologiurma kvlevebma aCvena, rom
damkvidrebuli terminebis SemTxvevaSi Zalze Znelia sityvis
misi ordinaruli aRqmisagan gansxvavebuli, teqnikuri mniSvn-
elobiT aRWurva.
364
3. arqauli, formaluri da ucnauri sityvebi
radgan bevri samarTlebrivi cneba sakmaod Zvelia da am
profesias weris sakmaod konservatuli stilic axasiaTebs,
iuristebi xSirad iyeneben arqaul da ucnaur terminologias.
es SesaZloa naklebad problemuri yofiliyo ramdenime aT-
euli wlis winaT, rodesac xalxi Seqspirisa da mefe jeimsis
bibliis (tradiciuli gamocema) enas flobda. vinaidan axla
televiziis epoqaSi vcxovrobT da bevrad meti zepirsityv-
ieri praqtika gvaqvs, Cveulebriv adamianebTan urTierTobisas,
unda moveridoT arqauli enis gamoyenebas.
nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi aseTi arqauli enis tipuri
magaliTebi warmodgenilia zmniszedebiT: SemdgomSi, mas aqeT,
sadac, winamdebare, mocemuli, amasTan, iqve. garda garkveuli
anaqronizmisa, iuridiuli teqstSi zminszeda `aq~ mTlad gas-
agebi ar aris. magaliTisTvis, kanonis teqstSi, rogorc wesi,
Znelia gaigo Tu ras exeba sityva `aq~ _ im punqts, sadac
gvxvdeba termini, mTlianad qveTavs, Tavs, Tu srul kanons,
anda iqneb, Tundac mTlianad kodeqss. instruqciis SemTxveva-
Si, SesaZloa gaugebari darCes `aq~! konkretulad instruq-
cias exeba, brals Tu sulac mTel process.
aseve problemuria sityvebi: aRniSnuli, romeli, ze-
moaRniSnuli da rogorc, rodesac maTi gamoyeneba xdeba `es~,
`am~ da `im~ CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis datvirTviT. imis mag-
ivrad, rom davweroT: `aRniSnuli gancxadeba, romeli oqmi/c~,
TiTqmis yovelTvis sjobs vTqvaT, `gancxadeba da is/es oqmi“.
unda ecadoT SedarebiT rTuli da uCveulo sityvebis
nacvlad gamoiyenoT Cveulebrivi terminebi. iuristebs zoga-
dad axasiaTebT sisuste iseTi sityvebisadmi, rogorc: `dasa-
bami~ da `dasasruli~, maSin rodesac dawyebac da damTavrebac
zustad imave Sinaars gamoxatavs.
Tqvens winaSea zogierTi termini, romelic SeZlebis-
dagvarad sxva sityvebiT unda CaanacvloT:
uCveulo termini SesaZlo Canacvleba
miCneva CaTvla
miTiTeba Tqma, darigeba
imxanad maSin
365
 dadastureba mxari dauWira Tareba. akademiuri wreebs miRma kognituri arc iseTi Cveu-
sarwmuno damajerebeli lebrivi sityvaa, mis nacvlad umjobesia cnobieri an gon-
qmedeba saqcieli ebrivi ganviTareba gamoviyenoT, Tumca sinonimis gamoyeneba
diskreditacia ndobis dakargva yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli.
Seusabamoba gansxvaveba ganvixiloT mkvlelobis definicia, romelic winaswar
xarvezi araswori ganzraxvas iTvaliswinebs. kaliforniaSi es rTuli termini
miukerZoebeli samarTliani, obieqturi ganmartebulia kanoniT (da asec unda iyos!), magram am Sem-
ganpirobebulia SemdegiT Tu TxvevaSi ganmarteba saqmes kidev ufro arTulebs! sisxlis
mexsierebis Cavardna gulmaviwyoba, samarTlis kodeqsis 188-e muxlis mixedviT (aSS kanonmdeblo-
uzusto mexsiereba ba) winaswari ganzraxva saxeze gvaqvs, rodesac mkvlelobis
mimarTebiT dakavSirebiT Tanmdevi garemoebebi aCvenebs piris mier qmedebisa da Sedegis
uwinares sanam mimarT gulgril damokidebulebas.. cxadia, arc erT Cveu-
Sesabamisad mixedviT lebriv adamians ar aqvs warmodgena ras unda niSnavdes piris
miCneva CaTvla, aRiareba gulgrili damokidebuleba qmedebisa da damdgari Sedegisadmi
Semdgomi Semdeg interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva.
utilizeba gamoyeneba am SemTxvevaSic, SesaZleblobis farglebSi saukeTeso
utyuaroba simarTle gamosavali iqneba saerTod ar gamoviyenoT msgavsi terminolo-
gia da adamianuri eniT avxsnaT saTqmeli. xSirad `mosamarT-
aseve aramarTebulia mosazreba, TiTqos grZeli sityvebi lis ganmarteba~ SeiZleba dagvexmaros terminis ganmartebaSi.
araefeqturia da maT yovelTvis mokle sityvebi sjobs. ro- zogjer SesaZloa dagWirdeT sakuTari sityvebis gamoyeneba,
gorc wesi, es asea, Tumca arsebobs araerTi gamonaklisi. Tu mocemul sakiTxze ar arsebobs sasamarTlo praqtika,
magaliTad, sityvebi vertmfreni, saswrafo, saavadmyofo, av- an Tu Tavad `mosamarTlis ganmarteba~ rTuli iuridiuli
tomobili, TiToeuli sami-oTxi marcvlisagan Sedgeba, magram terminologiis gamoyenebiT aris gadmocemuli da savsea bun-
saSualo moqalaqisaTvis absoluturad gasagebia. dovani frazebiT. magaliTad, Tuki kanoniT ikrZaleba gayal-
sapirispirod, iseTi sityvebi, rogorc magaliTad gauqme- bebuli Cekis brunvaSi CaSveba, sakmarisia vTqvaT, rom bral-
ba, en banc (kolegia), kanonieri wili, in rem (sakuTrebasTan debuli damnaSavea, Tuki man yalbi CekiT gadaixada sagnebisa
dakavSirebiT), absoluturi gamocanaa Cveulebrivi adamiane- Tu momsaxurebis safasuri. Cven amas vuwodebT `CanacvlebiT
bisaTvis. midgomas~, radgan am gziT SesaZlebelia saerTod avaridoT
Tavi problemuri terminologiis gamoyenebas da is ufro
4. kanonis ena gasagebi terminebiT CavanacvloT.
arqauli da uCveulo eniT wera kidev ufro didi prob- mosamarTleebma, romlebsac eSiniaT sadaveebis gaSvebis,
lemaa maSin, rodesac aseTi eniTaa Sedgenili kanonis teqsti, Tuki isini kanonis enas gascdebian, SesaZloa amjobinon al-
romelsac instruqcia efuZneba. Teoriulad, wina abzacSi nax- ternatiuli da arcTu sasurveli midgoma: `gansazRvrebiTi
senebi principebi aqac moqmedebs: ecadeT rTuli terminis midgoma~. mosamarTles SesaZloa ufro usafrTxod miaCndes
sanacvlod moZebnoT Sesabamisi, gasagebi sinonimi. magaliTad, nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas miuTiTos, rom braldebuli
kanonis mixedviT, SesaZloa mcirewlovani mowmis sandoobis damnaSavea mkvlelobaSi, Tuki man vinmes sicocxle mouswrafa
Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi miviRoT bavSvis kognituri ganvi- winaswari ganzraxviT da amis Semdeg ganmartos terminebi

366 367
Cveulebrivi eniT. principSi, zogierTi iurisdiqciis mid-
goma iTvaliswinebs nafici msajulebisaTvis jer mTlianad
Sesabamisi kanonis teqstis wakiTxvas; mxolod amis Semdeg
xdeba Sinaarsis axsna. Sesabamisad, baTildeba argumenti, rom
msajulebs ar gaacnes kanoni; meore mxriv, aRniSnulma midgo-
mam SesaZloa daabnios msajuli ori sxvadasxva standartis
warmodgeniT.
ar SegeSindeT nacvalsaxelebis!
prokurorebs/advokatebs da mosamarTleebs aqvT
midrekileba gamoiyenon rac SeiZleba naklebi nacvalsaxeli,
gansakuTrebiT nacvalsaxelebi me da Sen. ase, magaliTad, Zve-
li drois instruqciebi, TiTqmis yovelTvis iwyeboda sityve-
biT sasamarTlo miuTiTebs nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas.
sakuTari Tavis mesame pirSi moxsenieba dRes cota maRalfar-
dovnad gamoiyureba. xolo Tuki Tqven msajulebs esaubrebiT,
ratom ar unda mimarToT maT Tqven-obiT? Tu Tqven restoran-
Si mimtans sTxovT salaTis motanas, xom arasodes etyviT mas:
`klienti iTxovs, rom mimtanma mas salaTi moutanos.!~
prokurorebi/advokatebi da mosamarTleebi ara mxolod
Tavs arideben me da Sen nacvalsaxelebis gamoyenebas, maT
aseve axasiaTebT nacvalsaxelebis nacvlad arsebiTi saxelebis
ganmeorebiTi gamoyenebac. magaliTad, instruqciam SeiZleba
miuTiTos msajulebs: Tuki Tqven daadgenT braldebulis
braleulobas mkvlelobaSi, Semdeg unda gadawyvitoT Tu ra
Caidina braldebulma. mocemul winadadebaSi meored gamoy-
enebuli sityva `braldebulma~, SesaZlebelia `man~ nacval-
saxeliT CavanacvloT. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom am magaliTSi
arsebiTi saxelis nacvalsaxeliT Secvla ar xdis azrs ufro
bundovans, Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs misi gamoyenebis sawinaaR-
mdego mizezi.
SeecadeT arsebiTi saxelebis magier gamoiyenoT zmnebi.
naTeli komunikaciis kidev erTi zogadi principia gamovi-
yenoT zmnebi, rodesac moqmedebaze vsaubrobT da ara mimReoba/
zmnisgan nawarmoebi arsebiTi saxelebi.
kaliforniis Zveli instruqciis magaliTze naTlad Cans,
368
Tu rogor SeiZleba didi raodenobiT mimReobis gamoyenebam
gamoiwvios teqstis bundovaneba:
mexsierebis mokrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi Cveu-
lebrivi praqtikaa, amasTan, gulubryvilo gauxsenebloba
nacadi xerxia.
gauxsenebloba da nacadi orive zmnebidan nawarmoebi si-
tyvebia, amasTan, mexsierebis mokreba arcTu xSirad gamoiyene-
ba (ratom ar SeiZleba vTqvaT ubralod gaxseneba/daviwyeba),
gauxseneblobis moZiebac gaWirdeba Cveulebriv leqsikonSi.
samarTlis studentebsac ki uWirT aseTi instruqciis gageba.
daicaviT gramatikuli konstruqciebis sisadave da simartive.
am etapze Cven ukve sintaqsis sakiTxebs vexebiT. `sintaq-
si~ es is wesebia, romliTac sityvebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba
winadadebaSi. tradiciulad, bevri mas `gramatikad~ moixse-
niebs.
1. ecadeT weroT SeZlebisdagvarad mokle winadadebebiT
Cveni unari, mexsierebaSi SevinaxoT informacia, SezRudu-
lia. umravlesoba Cvengans erTdroulad Svidi-rva sagnis
damaxsovreba SeuZlia moklevadiani mexsierebiT. uxeSad rom
vTqvaT, Cven vaCerebT sityvebs moklevadian mexsierebaSi ma-
nam, sanam CavwvdebiT maT Sinaarss, romelsac ukve grZel-
vadian mexsierebaSi vinaxavT, riTac vuTavisuflebT adgils
moklevadian mexsierebaSi sxva, axali lingvisturi informa-
ciis Semodinebas. Tumca Tu winadadeba grZeli da rTulia,
Cven gviWirs moklevadiani mexsierebiT sityvebis aRqma, Sede-
gad unda wavSaloT es informacia, raTa adgili axal Semo-
maval informacias davuTmoT, an SegviZlia SevaCeroT axali
informaciis Semosvla, sanam Zvels moklevadiani mexsiereba
amuSavebs. orive SemTxvevaSi, romelime maTgani dazaraldeba.
ufro advilia qaRaldze gadatanili rTuli informaciis
damuSaveba, radgan mis daSlas meti dro SegviZlia davuTmoT.
swored es aris msajulebisTvis instruqciebis werilobiTi
formiT miwodebis erT-erTi mizezi. Tumca werilobiT mowo-
debuli informaciis SemTxvevaSic sigrZe da sirTule amci-
rebs aRqmas.
369
 sabolood, sirTuleebs qmnis ara winadadebis sigrZe, ar-
amed misi wyobis sirTule. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, grZeli
winadadebebi TiTqmis yovelTvis ufro rTulia. ase rom, eca-
deT mokle winadadebebi weroT. xSirad grZeli winadadebis
Semokleba sworad SerCeul adgilze wertilis CamatebiT
aris SesaZlebeli. kidev ufro xSiria, rodesac saWiro xdeba
winadadebis gadawera.
2. ecadeT martivi winadadebebi weroT
rogorc aRvniSne, mTavari safrTxe winadadebis sirTulea
da ara TavisTavad misi sigrZe. ganvixiloT, kaliforniis Sta-
tis instruqciis kidev erTi magaliTi:
arasodes ar CaTvaloT simarTled mowmisTvis SekiTxvaSi
Sefaruli miniSneba.
es winadadeba ar aris Zalian grZeli, samagierod Cax-
larTulia. lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT is warmoadgens rigi
martivi winadadebebis sinTezs:
 arasodes daijeroT raime pirdapir;
 romelime miniSneba marTalia;
 viRac usvams SekiTxvas mowmes;
 SekiTxva gulisxmobs miniSnebas pasuxze.
winadadebis ase daSlis Semdeg, gamosavali naTelia. ter-
minologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia gadavaadgiloT sity-
vaTa wyoba da xelaxla SevaerToT martivi winadadebebi or
an met gasageb winadadebad.
viRacam SesaZloa dausva mowmes mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva.
Tqven ar unda CaTvaloT, rom miniSneba sinamdviles asax-
avs.
ukeTesia, Tuki Tavidanve CamovyalibdebiT imaze, ra cne-
bebis Sesaxeb gvinda nafic msajulTa informireba. aq mTavari
idea is aris, rom kiTxvebi, gansxvavebiT mowmis pasuxisagan,
ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebas.
Semdeg unda vuTxraT nafic msajulebs, rom kiTxvebi Sei-
Zleba sasargeblo iyos mowmis pasuxis gasagebad. amavdrou-
lad, Cven sulac ar gvsurs, rom msajulebma Tavad kiTxvebze
an maT formulirebaze dayrdnobiT gamoitanon daskvna, amitom
SesaZloa instruqcia Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT:
370
`kiTxvebi ar aris mtkicebuleba. mxolod maTze pasuxi
aris mtkicebuleba. Tqven unda gaiTvaliswinoT kiTxva, mx-
olod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is dagexmarebaT mowmis pasuxis
gagebaSi. nu CaTvliT, rom raime simarTlea, marto imitom,
rom kiTxva amas gulisxmobs.~
3. gamoiyeneT standartuli sityvaTwyoba
iuridiul enas xSirad axasiaTebs uCveuli da zogjer
CaxlarTuli sityvaTwyoba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi es oraz-
rovnebis gamoricxvis surviliT aixsneba. magram nafic msa-
julTa instruqciaSi aseTi ena zedmetad oficialurad JR-
ers da SesaZloa sawinaaRmdego efeqti hqondes _ meti dab-
neuloba warmoSvas. inglisur enaSi umetesoba winadadebebs
axasiaTebs e.w. `SVO~ _ Q(`qSd~) sityvaTwyoba: qvemdebare
-Semasmeneli-damateba. TiTqmis igive principi vrceldeba qa-
rTul enazec (Tumca, SesaZloa `qdS~ wyobac Segvxvdes, mag-
aliTad, gogona wigns kiTxulobs), kerZod, martiv winadade-
bebSi pirveli arsebiTi saxeli Cveulebriv qvemdebaris rols
asrulebs (moqmedi piri); mas mosdevs Semasmeneli (moqmedebis
an viTarebis aRmniSvneli zmna), romelic gveubneba, Tu ra
qmedeba Seasrula qvemdebarem, Semdeg _ morigi arsebiTi sax-
eli _ damateba (iribi/pirdapiri), romelic exeba pirovnebas/
sagans, romelzec xorcieldeba qmedeba. cxadia, bevri wina-
dadeba mocemul magaliTze sintaqsurad ufro rTulia. nafic
msajulTa instruqciam rTuli cnebebi unda axsnas, Sesabamis-
ad, garkveuli lingvisturi garTulebebi garduvalia. Tumca,
unda vecadoT sintaqsuri sirTuleebi minimumamde daviyvanoT.
uCveulo sityvaTwyobis magaliTia, e.w. `gadaadgilebuli
gansazRvrebebi~.
Tuki am instruqciaSi nebismieri wesi, mimarTuleba an
idea meordeba...
Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad aRmoCnda, rom zogierT ada-
mians esmoda, rom winadadeba gulisxmobda Tavad instruqciebis
da ara wesisa Tu ideis gameorebas. Zneli misaxvedri ar aris,
ratom CaTvala umravlesobam, rom rigiT pirveli arsebiTi
saxeli (instruqcia) asrulebda qvemdebaris rols winadade-
baSi. aRniSnuli problema sityvaTa gadaadgilebiT mogvardeba:
371
 Tuki romelime wesi, mimarTuleba an idea meordeba am
instruqciaSi ...
kidev ukeTesi iqneba usargeblo pasiuri konstruqciis
vnebiTi gvaris Semdegnairad Secvla:
Tu me gavimeoreb romelime wess, mimarTulebas an ideas
am instruqciaSi...
an ufro martivad:
mxolod is faqti, rom me raime gavimeore am instruq-
ciaSi, ar niSnavs, rom is ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre sxva
danarCeni, rac giTxariT.
Tuki aRmoaCenT, rom Tqveni winadadebebi zedmetad Cax-
larTulia, SeecadeT ipovoT qvemdebare, Semasmeneli da dam-
ateba (Tuki aseTi aris). xSirad aRmoaCenT, rom martivi wi-
nadadebis struqturiT dawyeba bevr problemas Wris.
4. Tavi SeikaveT ormagi uaryofis gamoyenebisagan
uaryofis gamoyeneba (gamoxatulia iseTi sityvebiT, ro-
gorc: ara, arasodes, da maTi Tanaswori prefiqsebiT ar _
ver) ar aris cudi. sxva Tu araferi, kanoni xom imazea dawer-
ili, Tu ra ar unda gaakeTos xalxma. rodesac erT winadade-
baSi ori uaryofa gvxvdeba, sakiTxi rTuldeba, radgan ormagi
uaryofa, rogorc wesi, sapirispiro _ dadebiT mniSvnelobas
aniWebs frazas/winadadebas, Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebic.
GganvixiloT zemoT ganxiluli instruqciis magaliTze.
arasodes ar CaTvaloT simarTled mowmisTvis kiTxvaSi
Sefaruli miniSneba.
rogorc Cans, uaryofis nawilakebi umizezod arTulebs
winadadebas.
araerT iurisdiqciaSi gonivruli eWvis standartis Ses-
axeb instruqcia savsea uaryofebiT. xSirad is mxolod eub-
neba msajulebs, Tu ra ar aris gonivruli eWvi _ gonivruli
eWvi `ar aris ubralod SesaZlo eWvi~ da `arc varaudi
Temaze~. negativze koncentrirebiT instruqcia ver axerxebs
dadebiTad auxsnas msajulebs, Tu ra raodenobis an xarisxis
mtkicebulebaa saWiro, rom pirs Seefardos sasjeli. aRniS-
nuli problemis mosagvareblad zogierT federalur da Sta-
tis sasamarTloSi ukve gamoiyeneba e.w. pozitiuri standarti:
372
Rrmad unda iyoT darwmunebuli wayenebuli braldebis sis-
woreSi.
5. bevri winadadeba SeiZleba CamovayaliboT rogorc moqmedebiT,
ise vnebiT gvarSi
moqmedebiTi gvari: goCam moWra xe.
vnebiTi gvari: xe moiWra (goCas mier).
sayuradReboa, rom moqmedebiT gvarSi winadadeba TiTqos
xazs usvams moqmedi piris mniSvnelobas da mas winadadebis
TavSi ayenebs (amaSi mdgomareobs `SVO~ struqturis arsi).
vnebiT gvarSi gadayvanil winadadebaSi goCas naklebi datvirT-
va aqvs, metic, fraza goCasmier SegviZlia saerTod movSaloT.
vnebiTi gvarSi winadadebis gamoxatvas unda veridoT,
radgan samarTlebriv saqmeebze Zalze didi mniSvneloba aqvs
imas, Tu vin moqmedebs
kvlevebis Tanaxmad, adamianebs ukeTesad esmiT ena, rode-
sac is gamokveTil modalur an damxmare zmnebs Seicavs (Seu-
Zlia, unda, valdebulia). sityvebi: SenTvis SesaZlebelia,
aucilebelia an valdebuleba gakisria, umjobesia Seicvalos
Semdegi sityvebiT:Sen SegiZlia..., Sen unda..., valdebuli xar...
6. Tavi SeikaveT cru ekonomiisagan
Cven yvelas gagvigia Civili imis Taobaze, rom iuridiuli
ena Zalian datvirTulia da usargeblo. aqamde TiTqmis arc
erTi iurisiti ar gaukicxavT sityvaZunwobisaTvis an zedme-
tad mokle dokumentebis SeqmnisaTvis.
amasTan, instruqcia nafici msajulebisaTvis zedmetad mS-
ralic ar unda iyos. yvela pedagogiuri gamocdilebis mqone
adamianma icis, rom efeqturi instruqcia ZiriTadad moiTxovs
sakiTxis, gansakuTrebiT ki rTuli sakiTxis irgvliv azris
dafiqsirebas ori-sami sxvadasxva gziT. sasargebloa mag-
aliTebis motanac, Tumca Zalze mciredis Tqma, albaT erTisa
da imaves gameorebaze kidev ufro uaresia.
cru ekonomiis magaliTia `romelic~ da `vinc~ tipis
frazebis gamotoveba, romelTa gareSec winadadeba mainc
gamarTulia, Tumca kvlevam aCvena, rom umjobesia aseTi si-
tyvebi teqstSi davtovoT, radgan isini aRqmas aadvilebs. mag.,
373
imis nacvlad rom davweroT: kiTxvebi faqtebTan dakavSire-
biT, romlebic Tqven wargedginaT, SesaZlebelia winadadeba
Semdegnairad SevamokloT: Tqvens winaSe wardgenili kiTx-
vebi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca instruqciis Sedgenisas
upiratesoba pirveli variants unda mivaniWoT. igive iTqmis
rom kavSiris Sesaxeb _ (me vfiqrob [rom] is aucileblad
dabrundeba) da Tu _ nawilakebTan mimarTebiT, romlebic
zogjer SegviZlia amoviRoT winadadebidan (mag., me gavigone
[Tu] rogor datova man saxli), Tumca es yovelTvis rodi
xdis winadadebas metad gasagebs.
nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis Sedgenis
konkretuli principebi
naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad gansazRvreT mxareebi
Zalzed mniSvnelovania gansazRvroT, naTlad da Tanmim-
devrulad CamoayaliboT, Tu vin arian sasamarTlo procesis
mxareebi, iseve, rogorc procesis sxva monawileni. umetesoba
Cvengans waukiTxavs rusuli moTxrobebi, romlebSic person-
aJs pirvel gverdze borisiT mimarTaven, meoreze ki _aleqsee-
viCiT, xolo SemdgomSi is romanovi xdeba. aseTi gadasvlebi
literaturul JanrSi SesaZlebelia, magram maTi adgili ar
aris nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi. braldebuls yovelTvis
saxeliT (batoni Tengizi) an braldebuliT, an sxva romelime
winaswar SerCeuli saxeliT unda mivmarToT. saukeTeso gamo-
savalia braldebuli pirdapir saxeliT an braldebulad mov-
ixsenioT. zogierTi ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas, radgan miiC-
nevs rom baton Tengizis braldebulad moxseniebas qveteqsti
gaaCnia, romelic qvecnobierad zrdis imis daSvebis SesaZle-
blobas, rom swored man Caidina danaSauli. miuxedavad imisa,
rom aucilebelia instruqciis Sedgenisas Tavidan aviciloT
yovelgvari mikerZoeba, aseTi SiSi gadaWarbebulia, Tumca igi
naTlad aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad problemuri SeiZleba gaxdes,
erTi SexedviT uniSvnelo Tema. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, bral-
debulis saxeliT moxsenieba, albaT saukeTeso midgomaa.
msgavs problemebs vawydebiT braldebis mxaris mimarTvi-
374
sas. ZiriTadi rekomendaciaa gamoviyenoT terminebi: prokuro-
ri, braldeba, xelisufleba, an saxelmwifo. romeli sityvac
ar unda airCioT, gaxsovdeT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
misi Tanmimdevruli gamoyeneba.
moiSvelieT magaliTebi rTuli sakiTxis asaxsnelad
magaliTi an sailustracio nimuSi xSirad aucilebeli
atributia sakiTxis kargad asaxsnelad. magaliTebi exmareba
adamianebs warmoidginon da daimaxsovron iseTi faqtebi, rac
sxva SemTxvevaSi albaT daaviwydebodaT. isaak niutonis Tavze
vaSlis vardnis amsaxvelma ilustraciam gravitaciis Zalis
koncefcia myarad CabeWda Cvens mexsierebaSi. aSS-Si, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom mosamarTleebma kargad ician magaliTebis
Zala da fasi, sifrTxiliT ekidebian maT gamoyenebas instru-
qciaSi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba
`Semrisxvel~ saapelacio instancias araerTxel gauuqmebia im
motiviT, rom qveda instanciis mosamarTlem jerovnad ver ax-
sna kanoni da sakuTari ganmartebiT gadaxara gadawyvetileba
erT-erTi mxaris sasargeblod. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi
mtkicebulebis tvirTTan mimarTebiT instruqciis gansakuTre-
biT faqizi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, albaT mozanSewonilia ar
moviyvanoT magaliTebi an ilustraciebi am Temaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom magaliTebi frTxilad (saTuTad)
unda SeirCes, isini gansakuTrebiT kargi damxmare masalaa
rTuli cnebebis axsnisa da CvenebisaTvis. SeuZlebelia maga-
liTis gareSe Tundac iseTi cnebis gaazreba, rogoricaa pir-
dapiri da iribi mtkicebuleba. arsebobs magaliTebis mTeli
arsenali TovlSi nakvalebTan an svel qolgebTan dakavSire-
biT; sxva sakiTxebze utyuari magaliTebis moZiebas SesaZloa
meti Zalisxmeva dasWirdes, magram TavisTavad mcdeloba amad
Rirs.
SeqmeniT danaSaulis niSnebis amsaxveli TvalsaCino forma
miuxedavad imisa, rom arc erTi formati ar aris sau-
keTeso, kargi forma SedarebiT konkretuli unda iyos da
acnobdes msajulebs sakuTar movaleobebs. forma unda uxs-
nides msajuls, Tu vis akisria mtkicebis tvirTi. naTlad
375
unda iyos Camoyalibebuli danaSaulis niSnebis/elementebis
CamonaTvali, iqve unda gakeTdes miTiTeba, rom braleulobis
gamosavlenad saWiroa dadgindes danaSaulis yvela elementis
erToblioba. msajulebs unda ganemartoT ra gaakeTon, mas
Semdeg, rac gadawveten, rom danaSaulis niSnebi saxezea/an
piriqiT _ yvela niSani ar aris saxeze.
konkretul Temebze mtkicebis tvirTma SesaZloa mxari-
dan mxareze gadainacvlos da konkretul sakiTxTan mimarTe-
baSi mtkicebis xarisxic gansxvavebuli iyos. aseT situaciaSi,
forma mainc unda Seicavdes msgavsi tipis informacias.
mieciT nafic msajulebs naTeli miTiTeba, rogor Seudgnen
maTze dakisrebuli amocanis ganxorcielebas
xSirad instruqcia Seicavs abstraqtuli iuridiuli
principebis koriantels da aklia konkretuli direqtivebi
imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda CaerTos msajuli verdiqtis
gamotanaSi da rogor unda Seavsos man nafici msajulis
forma. gansxvavebiT britaneli kolegebisagan, amerikeli mosa-
marTleebisTvis zogadad ar aris sasurveli mtkicebulebeb-
Tan dakavSirebiT komentaris gakeTeba da msajulTaTvis imis
axsna, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba yovelive es maT mier misaReb
gadawyvetilebas.
miuxedavad amisa, umetes iurisdiqciebSi mosamarTleebs
unda hqondeT ufleba nafic msajulebs miscen konkretuli
rCeva imis Taobaze, Tu rogor gaagrZelon saqmeze muSaoba.
ase magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis mixedviT, mosa-
marTleebi urCeven nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas TaTbiris
gagrZelebamde jer kenWi uyaron da naxon SeZleben Tu ara
`gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis~ miRebas.mosamarTleebs kanoniT
moeTxovebaT nafic msajulebs auxsnan zogierTi iseTi prin-
cipi, rogoricaa mtkicebis tvirTi da gonivrul eWvs miRma
standarti.
aseTi procesualuri xasiaTis instruqciebis gacema er-
Toblivad, procesis bolos SeiZleba. alternativis saxiT ki
SesaZlebelia maTi inkorporireba Tavad instruqciis doku-
mentis teqstSi. magaliTad, rodesac braldebuls bralad
edeba mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi, nafic msajulTa
376
Semadgenlobas jer unda eTxovos ganszRvron braldebulis
mkvlelobaSi braleulobis sakiTxi da mxolod Semdeg ga-
dawyviton aqvs Tu ara adgili erT an ramdenime damamZime-
bel garemoebaTa erTobliobas. Tuki msajulTa Semadgenloba
gadawyvets, rom braldebuli udanaSauloa, maSin maT unda
gadainacvlon Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebis gansazRvris saki-
Txze. garda amasa SesaZlebelia nafic msajulebs davexma-
roT verdiqtis formiT, sadac detalurad, nabij-nabij iqneba
gawerili verdiqtis miRebis procdura (aSS praqtika).
Sesabamisi principebis gamoyeneba
bunebrivia, rom Cven mier ganxiluli bevri Temidan zo-
gierTi abstraqtulad mogeCvenebodaT. meti konkretikis Semo-
satanad warmogidgenT kaliforniis Statis nafici msajule-
bisaTvis Seqmnili namdvili instruqciis ramdenime magaliTs,
im periodidan rodesac instruqcaSi cvlilebebi Sevida.
zogierTi sakiTxi, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze da-
niSnuli nafici msajulebisaTvis daweril instruqcias exeba
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa da mtkicebis tvirTis ganmarte-
bas. mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas akisria.
xSirad braldebis strategiasTan aSkara dapirispirebis
nacvlad dacvis mxare sakuTar strategias imaze agebs, rom
braldebam ver SeZlo gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT mtki-
cebis tvirTis dakmayofileba. amasTan, mosamarTleebi aSS-Si,
romlebic qmnian instruqciebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze,
Zalze Znelad sildebian kanonis teqsts. rac ar unda gasage-
bi iyos mosamarTleTa konservatuli Sexedulebebi am mxriv,
warmoidgineT raoden patara gavlena eqneboda aT mcnebas Ta-
namedrove msoflioze, misi teqsti Tanamedrove literatu-
rul enebze rom ar eTargmnaT. statiis am nawilSi, romelic
sisxlis samarTals eTmoba, ganvixilavT aRniSnul dilemasTan
brZolis strategiebs, kerZod ki: rogor davrCeT sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqsis erTgulni da amavdroulad Cveulebrivi
eniT visaubroT. aRniSnuli dilemis winaSe mosamarTle xSi-
rad dgeba, rodesac gascems miTiTebas gonivruli eWvis stan-
377
dartis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, Tuki raRac etapze
standartis kodificireba moxda. im SemTxvevebSic, sadac ase-
Ti standarti kanonis normis saxes ar atarebs, is imdenad
damkvidrebulia, rom mosamarTleebs Zalze uZneldebaT misi
gadaxveva.
kaliforniaSi gonivruli eWvis definicia sisxlis sa-
marTlis kodeqsis 1098-e abzacSia moTavsebuli. igi Seiqmna
daaxloebiT erT saukunis win. rogorc wesi, misi gadmotana
kaliforniis Statis instruqciebSi (CALJIC) sityvasityviT
xdeba. meti TvalsaCinobisaTvis SemogTavazebT CALJIC-isa
da kaliforniis axali gasagebi eniT Sedgenili instruqcie-
bis (CALCRIM) SedarebiT analizs. CALCRIM instruqciebi
Seiqmna kaliforniis sasamarTlo sabWos specialuri samuSao
jgufis mier. instruqcia sajaro ganxilvisTivs gamoqveynda
da Semdeg miRebuli SeniSvnebisa da mosazrebebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT Casworda. CALJIC 2.90
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia _ gonivruli eWvi _ mtkicebis tvirTi
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi braldebuli udanaSaulod
iTvleba manam, sanam sawinaaRmdego ar damtkicdeba. gonivruli
eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi mis braleulobasTan mimarTebiT
(ramdenad ikveTeba braleuloba), braldebuli imsaxurebs ga-
mamarTlebel verdiqts. es prezumfcia saxelmwifos (`xalxs~)
akisrebs tvirTs daamtkicos braldebulis braleuloba goni-
vrul eWvs miRma.
gonivrul eWvs ki kanoni (aSS kanonmdebloba) Semdegnai-
rad ganmartavs: es ar aris Cveulebrivi SesaZlo eWvi, radgan
yvelafer adamianurTan dakavSirebiT SesaZloa gaCndes gark-
veuli an warmosaxviTi eWvi. es aris saqmis is mdgomareoba,
rodesac yvela mtkicebulebis Sefasebis Sedegad, nafic msa-
julebs darCaT gancda, rom maT ar SeuZliaT darwmunebiT
miiCnion da ganacxadon, rom wayenebuli braldeba sinamdviles
Seesabameba.
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom aseT gansazRvrebebSi, rogorc
wesi, mravlad figurirebs vnebiT gvarSi warmodgenili zmne-
bi (mag., miiCneva, mtkicdeba, naCvenebi, uflebamosili), iseve
rogorc mimReoba (SedarebiToba, damtkicebuli, misjili).
378
aseTi terminologia sxva mxrivac ukiduresad arapersoni-
ficirebulia: sityva `Sen~ faqtobrivad ar gamoiyeneba, na-
fic msajulebs mesame pirSi moixsenieben (msajulebs darCaT
gancda). dabolos, gonivruli eWvis gansazRvreba faqtobri-
vad sruliad uaryofis konteqstSia mocemuli (es ar aris
Cveulebrivi SesaZlo eWvi; nafic msajulebs ar SeuZliaT
darwmunebiT miiCnion da ganacxadon...), xolo ganmartebaSi
aqa-iq Caqsovili maRalfardovani leqsika XIX saukunis him-
nis surneliTaa gaJRenTili.
rogor SeiZleba aRniSnuli instruqciis gamosworeba?
gonivruli eWvis araerTi definicia amerikul iurisdiq-
ciebSi ZiriTadad saSinlad grZeli da CaxlarTulia. inglis-
Si mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT ubralod miuTiTon nafic msa-
julebs, rom aucilebelia isini `darwmundnen~. saeWvoa, rom
aseTi martivi gamosavali misaRebi iyos aSS-s praqtikisaTvis,
sadac jadosnuri fraza `gonivrul eWvs miRma~ ase myarad
aris damkvidrebuli sisxlis samarTalSi. aSS-Si arsebuli
zogierTi iurisdiqcia saerTod ar ganmartavs am frazas,
radgan is Cveulebrivi msajulisaTvis sakmarisad gasagebad
miaCnia. udavoa, rom Tavad sityvebi ucxo ar aris, saqme
imaSia, Tu ramdenad SeiZina mTlianad frazam misi Semadgene-
li sityvebis jamisgan gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba.standartis
zusti saxe icvleba sxvadasxva teritoriuli iurisdiqciis
mixedviT, Tumca nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobis mier goni-
vrul eWvs miRma standartze msjelobisas:
1. maT unda gaiTvaliswinon yvela Sesabamisi mtkicebu-
leba, romelic daSvebul iqna procesze;
2. mtkicebulebebma isini unda daarwmunos faqtis namd-
vilobaSi;
3. maT imdenad myari rwmena unda hqondeT, rom nakleb
savaraudo iyos maT mier azris Secla momdevno etapze.
am standartis gamoxatva SedarebiT ufro martivi eniT
iqneba SesaZlebeli, Tuki gamoviyenebT zogierTi federaluri
da Statis sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi arsebul termins `mt-
kiced darwmunebuli~:
rodesac vambobT, rom faqtis namdviloba `unda damt-
kicdes gonivrul eWvs miRma~ es niSnavs, rom Tqven Cem mier
379
procesze daSvebul mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT mtkiced
unda iyoT darwmunebuli faqtis namdvilobaSi.
bevri iurisdiqcia ver SeZlebs msgavsi radikaluri cvli-
lebis ganxorcielebas, radgan wlebis ganmavlobaSi sasamarT-
loebis moTxovniT nafici msajulebisTvis miTiTebebis mice-
misas specialuri leqsikis gamoyenebas moiTxovda. ase iyo
kaliforniaSic, sadac CALJIC 2.90-Si mocemuli gonivruli
eWvis gansazRvreba amJamad Statis sisxlis samarTlis kode-
qsSia asaxuli. aRniSnulma CALJIC -s instruqciebis gadaxe-
dvis komitets didi problema Seuqmna; sabolood miiRes
gadawyvetileba, rom sisxlis samarTlis ZiriTadi ena Senar-
Cunebuliyo, Tumca moxdeboda teqstis gramatikuli revizia.
gonivruli eWvi
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze braldebuli udanaSaulod
iTvleba. es prezumfcia moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifom daamtki-
cos danaSaulis TiToeuli elementi [aseve specialuri gare-
moebebi] gonivruli eWvs miRma. Sesabamisad, yovelTvis rode-
sac geubnebiT, rom saxelmwifom unda daamtkicos raime, vgu-
lisxmob, rom man es gonivruli eWvs miRma unda daamtkicos
[garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac winaswar gagafrTxilebT,
rom es standarti ar moqmedebs].
raimes gonivruli eWvs miRma mtkiceba, gulisxmobs, mtki-
cebas, romelic warmoSobs srul darwmunebas, rom wayene-
buli brali sinamdviles Seesabameba.
rodesac vwyvetT SeZlo Tu ara saxelmwifom saqmis go-
nivrul eWvs miRma damtkiceba, Tqven miukerZoeblad unda
SeadaroT procesis msvlelobisas warmodgenili yvela mtki-
cemuleba. Tuki aRniSnuli ver amtkicebs braldebulis/ebis
braleulobas gonivruli eWvs miRma, mas/maT braldeba unda
moexsnas/moexsnaT da udanaSaulod unda iqnes cnobili/cno-
bilni.
bundovani terminologiis Tavidan acilebis erT-erTi gza
aris kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli terminis datoveba, Tumca
sadme imave dokumentSi Tqveneuli ganmartebis gakeTeba. maga-
liTad, termini gaufrTxilebloba, rogorc wesi, gaugebaria
umravlesobisaTvis. Tumca braldebam/dacvam da mosamarTleeb-
380
ma SesaZloa ar CaTvalon misi srulad amoReba saWirod, rad-
gan SesaZloa es termini msajulebs sisxlis samarTlis kode-
qsTan mimarTebiT xmarebaSi SexvdeT, an/da imitom, rom Tavad
isini [iuristebi] miCveulni arian am terminis gamoyenebas.
amitomac, mcire raodenobis sityvebisgan Semdgari saxeldaxe-
lo terminlogiuri leqsikonis moyvana instruqciis teqstSi
arcTu urigo azria, magram aucilebelia terminebi sworad
iyos ganmartebuli.
(winaswari) ganzraxva _ ganmarteba
ganzraxva SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri an arapirdapiri.
[pirdapir ganzraxvad CaiTvleba aSkara ganzraxva piris
sicocxlis xelyofisa] (AaSS, kalifornia).
arapirdapiria ganzraxviT/ gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili
danaSauli, rodesac:
1. mkvleloba dadga marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sede-
gad.
2. qmedebis Sedegi safrTxes warmoadgens adamianis si-
cocxlisaTvis; da
3. piri iTvaliswinebda marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis
dadgomis SesaZleblobas da Segnebulad uSvebda an
gulgrilad ekideboda mas.
damnaSavis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba arapirdapiria gan-
zraxviT/gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSauls dros,
aucileblad ar gulisxmobs borot survils anda msxverplis
mimarT zizRs.
fraza winaswari (pirdapiri) ganzraxviT ar gulisxmobs
drois xangrZlivi periodis gasvlis kriteriums. is mxolod
miuTiTebs, rom danaSauli winaswari SecnobiT unda iyos Cad-
enili (anu gaanalizeba win unda uswrebdes qmedebas).
am SemTxvevaSic, gamoyenebuli ena zedmetad oficialuria,
amasTan, aucilebelia nafic msajulTaTvis informaciis mi-
wodeba iseT samarTlebriv sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: pirdapiri
da arapirdapiri ganzraxva, raTa maT SeZlon am or cnebas
Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis gaTaviseba. Tumca, arsebuli
praqtikidan gamomdinare am or cnebas Soris gansxvaveba nafic
msajulTa verdiqtze didad ar aisaxeba, radgan msajulebs,
381
rogorc wesi, ar moeTxovebaT ganzrxvis xasiaTis gansazRvra. daskvniTi SeniSvnebi
instruqciis sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom is SesaZlo
bundovanebas naTels fens, radgan xsnis, rom aucilebeli ar winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mizania iuristebisaTvis im
aris boroti survilis an/da msxverplis mimarT zizRis ar- ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebis gadacema, romlebic maT SejibrebiTo-
seboba. bis sistemaSi sasamarTlo procesebis warmatebiT Catarebi-
sTvis esaWiroebaT. saxelmZRvanelos ar aqvs imis pretenzia,
daskvna rom warmatebul prokurorad/advokatad qcevisTvis saWiro
realur samyaroSi SeuZlebelia iuridiuli cnebebis yvela unar-Cvevas Seicavs.
zedmiwevniT gasagebad miwodeba yvela msajulisaTvis. kanoni mkiTxvelma unda moiZios sxva saswavlo masala, romelic
rTulia, dro cotaa, ganaTlebis done ki _ gansxvavebuli. sasamarTlo praqtikis sxva sferoebs Seexeba. mxolod mud-
Tumca sruli gagebis uzrunvelyofa ver moxdeba. eWvgareSea, mivi praqtikis safuZvelze SeZlebs prokurori/advokati im
rom SegviZlia msajulebs naTlad avuxsnaT maTTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis daxvewas, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia iyo
informacia. WeSmariti profesionali.
instruqciis Sedgena erTi SexedviT martivia, magram dabolos, imisaTvis rom, miaRwioT warmatebas sasamarT-
sinamdvileSi yvelafris martivad gadmocema arc ise advilia. lo procesze, iyaviT SemoqmedebiTi da moemzadeT, moemzadeT
aseTi midgoma saWiroa rig mizezTa gamo: da kidev erTxel moemzadeT!
pirveli: msajulebi, romelTac kargi instruqcia gadae-
caT, ufro swrafad Seasruleben sakuTar saqmes, ufro male
moiTaTbireben da naklebi SekiTxvebi gauCndebaT, vidre in- gisurvebT warmatebebs!
struqciis detalebze diskusiis pirobebSi, rac kvlevamac
aCvena. naTelma instruqciam unda Seamciros usagno dava Te-
maze _ ra Tqva mosamarTlem sinamdvileSi.
meore: gasagebi instruqcia gazrdis msajulTa kmayo-
filebis xarisxs procesis dasrulebis Semdgom. Tuki rodesme
SegiZeniaT nivTi, romlis awyobac advilad unda iyos Sesa-
Zlebeli da Semdgom wagikiTxavT inJinerTa mier dawerili,
CaxlarTuli, teqnikuri sityvebiT gadatvirTuli instruqcia
misi gamoyenebisaTvis, romelsac arc diagrama an ilustra-
cia axlavs Tan, maSin albaT mixvdebiT nafic msajulTa gu-
lacruebas. dabolos, MsamarTlianoba msxverpls moiTxovs
_ verdiqtis xarisxi metwilad damokidebulia instruqciis
sicxadeze. Cven gvaqvs molodini, rom rigiTi moqalaqeebi
swor gadawyvetilebas miiReben adamianebis damnaSaved cnobasa
Tu maT gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT.

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 saxelmZRvanelo

sasamarTlo
unar-CvevebSi

teq. redaqtori k. rusiZe

redaqtori n. elizbaraSvili

koreqtori n. darCia

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,
al. yazbegis gamz. #47
t. 239-15-22
E-mail: davideku1@mail.ru

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