iv.

javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur

da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti

laura kutubiZe

“2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-

politikuri aspeqtebi”

sadisertacio naSromi
akademiuri xarisxis _ “filosofiis doqtori JurnalistikaSi”
mosapoveblad

naSromi Sesrulebulia iv.javaxiSvilis

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi

samecniero xelmZRvaneli,
filosofiis doqtori JurnalistikaSi,
profesori marina vekua

Tbilisi
2009
 sarCevi:
Sesavali _ gv.3
I Tavi _ ramdenime zogadi Strixi mediis arsisa da qarTuli
presis daxasiaTebisaTvis _ gv.7
 masobrivi komunikaciisa da masmediis Taobaze _ gv.7
 axali aTaswleulis qarTuli mediis zogadi Strixebi _ gv.13
II Tavi _ saxelmwifo qarTuli presis prizmaSi _ gv.30
 saxelmwifos imiji _ gv.30
 dasavleTi Tu ruseTi? (saxelmwifos orientaciis problemis
aspeqtebi) _ gv.40
 sagareo Temis ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti _ gv.47
 destabilizaciis “sainformacio uzrunvelyofa” _ gv.78
 afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problemis ramdenime aspeqti _ gv.91
III Tavi _ saxelisuflo brZolebi _ presis ZiriTadi aspeqti _ gv.98
 zurab Jvanias “politikuri goni” _ miTi Tu realoba _ gv.99
 parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba _ gv.102
 dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” wiaRSi _
gv.105
IV Tavi _ arCevnebi da politikuri speqtri _ gv.113
 2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi _ gv.115
 2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi _ gv.117
 2003 weli _ permanentuli saarCevno reJimi _ gv.121
 2004 wlis saprezidento da xelaxali saparlamento arCevnebi _ gv.134
 arCevnebi postrevoluciur aWaraSi _ gv.145
V Tavi _ “vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi _
gv.148
 postrevoluciuri/postSevardnaZistuli xelisuflebis Sefaseba
(presis aqcentebi) _ gv.157
 “triumvirati” _ gv.163
 aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba _
gv.168
 saqarTveloSi jorj buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi _ gv.187
daskvna _ gv.203
2
 Sesavali

sadisertacio naSromi, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba 2000-2005 wlebis presas

(gazeTebi _ “alia”, “rezonansi”, “24 saaTi”, “dilis gazeTi”, “axali Taoba”,
“kviris palitra”, “axali versia”, “kviris qronika”, “jorjian Taimsi”, “mTavari
gazeTi”, “dro”, “droni”, “meridiani”, “axali epoqa”, “saqarTvelos respublika”,
“xvalindeli dRe”, “asaval-dasavali”, “meridiani”/”axali meridiani”, “7
dRe”/”axali 7 dRe”, “marTali gazeTi”, “ganaxlebuli iveria”; Jurnalebi _
“arili”, “imiji”, “sarke”, “Tbiliselebi”) da Sesabamis literaturas.
Cveni presa, jerjerobiT, ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom erTmaneTisagan
mkveTrad gavmijnoT sazogadoebriv-politikuri da bulvaruli gamocemebi, an
romelime gamocemas Tamamad vuwodoT avtoritetuli, gavleniani, akademiuri,
soliduri (am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara mxolod romelime
calkeuli gamocemis profesiuli done, aramed misi tiraJic, gavrcelebis
arealic da sxva parametrebi, romelic erTianobaSi qmnis mis mimarT
sazogadoebis Sesabamis damokidebulebas).
sadisertacio naSromSi “saxis lingvisturi realizacia sagazeTo
komunikaciaSi” (sakvlev masalad gamoyenebulia 1998-2006 wlis britanuli da
qarTuli gazeTebi), avtori, Tornike gogolaSvili, ase ajgufebs qarTul
presas: avtoritetuli (“saqarTvelos respublika”, “Tbilisi”, “24 saaTi”,
“axali epoqa”), bulvaruli (“yovelkvireuli qronika”, “idumalebis samyaro”,
“rao-rao”, “es sainteresoa”) da Sualeduri (“rezonansi”, “alia”, “axali Taoba”,
“asaval-dasavali”, “axali era”). (13, 4) amasTan, aRniSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi
ara gvaqvs gavleniani gamocemebi, britaneTSi ki ar aris Sualeduri gazeTebi.
SeiZleba gansazRvreba “Sualeduri” marTlac mivusadagoT im gamocemebs,
romlebSic aRreulia sazogadoebriv-politikuri gamocemebisa da bulvarulis
standarti, Tematika, stili, masalebis mowodebis forma da a.S. magram ver
daveTanxmebiT Tornike gogolaSvils, romelic erT kategoriaSi aqcevs,
magaliTad “rezonanssa” da “asaval-dasavals”, an avtoritetul gazeTad
miiCnevs gazeT “Tbiliss”, romelic sociologiuri gamokiTxvebis mixedviT
zogjer pirvel oceulSic ar xvdeba (kiTxvadobis, ndobis da a.S. mixedviT).
amasTan, misi klasifikaciis arealSi saerTod ar moeqca iseTi gazeTebi,
rogoricaa: “kviris palitra”, “jorjian Taimsi”, “dilis gazeTi”, “axali
versia”, “xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi” da a.S.

3
 Cveni sadisertacio naSromis mizani da sagani ar yofila am
mimarTulebiT kvlevis warmarTva, magram am sakiTxze yuradRebas vamaxvilebT
imdenad, ramdenadac saWiro iyo mogveZebna kriteriumi saanalizo gamocemaTa
klasifikaciisaTvis _ sazogadoebriv-politikur TematikasTan maTi mimarTebisa
da Sesabamisobis mixedviT. amgvar kriteriumad avirCieT maTi interesebis
arealSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri Temebis primati (es, ra Tqma unda, yvelas
Tanabrad ar exeba); rac Seexeba Cveneul gansazRvrebas _ “sainformacio
amindis Semqmneli gamocemebi”, romelsac xSirad viyenebT naSromSi, es ukve
gulisxmobs ara yvela zemoaRniSnul, 20-ze met gamocemas, aramed imaT,
romlebic Sesabamis etapze reitinguli Skalis Tundac pirvel aTeulSi
figurirebdnen da, Sesabamisad, upiratesoba hqondaT sazogadoebaze
zemoqmedebisa da saTanado sainformacio ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad. xolo
“masmediis flagmanebSi” vgulisxmobT maRalreitingul gamocemebs (zogan,
Sesabamis konteqstSi, plus, telekompania “rusTavi 2”-sac, romelic 2000-2003
wlis telereitingebSi erTpirovnuli lideri iyo).
sainformacio suraTisa da sainformacio rezonansis garkveuli
kanonzomierebis dasadgenad, SedarebisTvis viSveliebdiT qarTuli
telekompaniebis sainformacio produqciasa da onlain-mediis meSveobiT _
ucxouri mediis gamoxmaurebas saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebze.
rac Seexeba 2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-
politikuri aspeqtebis gansazRvras: CvenTvis TviTmizani ar yofila
disertaciaSi mocemuli aspeqtebis kvleva; piriqiT, am aspeqtebis
prioritetuloba gamoikveTa swored kvlevisa da analizis procesSi. xazgasmiT
unda aRvniSnoT, rom es, ra Tqma unda, ar aris presis aspeqtebis sruli (da
srulyofili) suraTi. SevecadeT, paralelebi dagveZebna am mimarTulebiT
Tanamedrove qarTuli presis Sesaxeb Seqmnil samecniero kvlevebSi (pirvel
yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sadisertacio naSromebi).
filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
Seqmnili ioseb WumburiZis naSromi _ “Tanamedrove qarTuli presis ZiriTadi
tendenciebi” swored Cveni sakvlevi periodis identur periods exeba (2000-2006
wlebi). misi naSromis Sinaarsi: “ilias gza da mTavari Temebi”; “gazeTis
pirveli gverdi”, “interviu _ gabatonebuli Janri”, “ena da stili.
publicisturi ostatobis zogierTi sakiTxi”, “vardebis revolucia” da
qarTuli presa” da Tavad kvleva, cxadyofs, rom aq aris mcdeloba ara
mxolod presis tendenciebis, aramed, Jurnalisturi ostatobis kvlevisac.
Cveni interesis sagani am naSromTan mimarTebaSi iyo _ Tanamedrove presis

4
ZiriTadi tendenciebidan ra moeqca kvlevis yuradRebis arealSi. ilia
WavWavaZis mier dasaxuli orientiri _ “mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba”, rogorc
WumburiZe askvnis sakvlevad SerCeuli sami gazeTis magaliTze, ar qceula
Tanamedrove presis mTavar Temebad (raSic savsebiT veTanxmebiT), sxva ZiriTadi
Tema (Tu ar CavTvliT “vardebis revolucias”) naSromSi ar ikveTeba,
ramdenadac Semdgom mkvlevaris interesi inacvlebs Jurnalisturi ostatobis
sferosken. (76)
Cveni sadisertacio naSromis arealSi moqceuli presis Seswavlam
gamokveTa ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti, romelic figurirebs mTel saanalizo
periodSi; pirvel yovlisa, mudmivi yuradRebis centrSia: saxelisuflo
brZolebi, destabilizaciis Tema, sagareo faqtorebis gavlena qveynis
cxovrebaze (saqarTvelo-ruseTi-aSS), saarCevno kampaniebi, “vardebis
revolucia” da misi Semdgomi rezonansi da a.S. xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebis asaxva
presaSi, radganac qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis romelime
umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti SesaZloa arc iqces presis mTavar aspeqtad da
piriqiT.
amTaviTve unda SevniSnoT, rom mediis prizmaSi gatarebuli
mniSvnelovani Tu umniSvnelo movlenebi ZiriTadad mainc saxelisuflo
brZolebis konteqstSi ganixileba. am TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTTan mWidro
kavSirSia saxelmwifos, xelisuflebis, prezidentis, postSevardnaZistuli
periodis, politikuri speqtris, kancelaria-parlamentis urTierTmimarTebis,
saarCevno bataliebisa da sxva sazogadoebriv-politikuri Temebis
mediaaqcentebi; konfliqtur regionebTan _ afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan
dakavSirebuli sainformacio sababebic umeteswilad swored politikur
bataliebs ukavSirdeba. arc qveynis orientaciisa da sagareo urTierTobebis
Tematikaa dazRveuli politizebisa da personificirebis tendenciisagan.
amdenad, saWirod miviCnieT disertaciis calke TavSi gagvemaxvilebina
yuradReba saxelisuflo brZolebze, rac arsebiTad ganapirobebda qveynis
sazogadoebriv-politikuri viTarebis diskurss presaSi. aseve, naSromis
yuradRebis arealSi movaqcieT destabilizaciuri procesebi, romelic xSir
SemTxvevaSi arc ganviTarebula, magram sainformacio fonis Semzadeba
aqtiurad mimdinareobda (magaliTad, “saxelmwifo gadatrialebis” scenarebis
ganviTareba, pankisSi ruseTis intervenciis safrTxe da a.S.)
miuxedavad imisa, rom sadisertacio Tema TiTqmis 5,5 wels moicavs da 20-
ze meti gamocemis mixedviT Seqmnil suraTs, winamdebare naSroms ara aqvs

5
sruli da, miT ufro, qronologiuri, suraTis Seqmnis pretenzia. Cveni mizani
iyo yuradRebis arealSi mogveqcia is ZiriTadi aspeqtebi, romelTa erTad
Tavmoyra, Cveni azriT, ara mxolod presis, aramed, garkveulwilad, qveyanaSi
mimdinare tendenciebsac asaxavs. sagulisxmoa erTi garemoebac: sadisertacio
TemaSi warmodgenili presa, ZiriTadad, Seswavlilia Tanmimdevrulad, imave
2000-2005 wlebSi; presis publikaciebis, da, saerTod, am wlebis qarTuli
masmediis bevri aqcenti da maTze dayrdnobiT ganviTarebuli prognozebi,
drois axlandeli gadasaxedidanac marTebuli Cans; es garemoeba, vfiqrobT,
ufro zrdis presis kvlevis mniSvnelobas saqarTvelosaTvis am
umniSvnelovanesi periodis Seswavlisa da gaazrebisaTvis.

6
 Tavi I
ramdenime zogadi Strixi mediis arsisa da qarTuli presis
daxasiaTebisTvis

 masobrivi komunikaciisa da masmediis Taobaze

Tanamedrove masmediis bunebisa da specifikis, misi funqciebis

CamoyalibebisaTvis arsebiTia misi arsis gaazreba ara mxolod masobrivi
komunikaciebis Teoriis, aramed, zogadad, postindustiuli/postmodernistuli
epoqis paradigmebis konteqstSi. gaazreba imisa, Cvens Tvalwin rogor
Caanacvla materialisturi realoba virtualurma; rogor Seicvala
urTierTmimarTeba marketinguli urTierTobebis ganmsazRvrelma komponentebma
(moTxovna produqtze ukve mniSvnelovanwilad emyareba ara aucileblobasa da
saWiroebas, aramed Tavad marketinguli komunikaciebis mier warmoSobil
moTxovnilebas).
mosazreba globalizaciis periodis masobrivi komunikaciis
yovlisSemZleobis Taobaze, Cveni azriT, TandaTan miTiur saburvelSi exveva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom masobrivi komunikaciis arsis kvleva Cveni kompetenciisa
da sadisertacio Temis farglebs scildeba, mocemuli periodis presis
analizis marTebulobas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs zogadad Tanamedrove
sainformacio sivrcis Tavisebureba da masmediis SesaZleblobebi. amdenad,
SevecdebiT mokled mimovixiloT is ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, romelTa
gaazreba warmodgenas gviqmnis Tanamedrove mediis bunebasa da daniSnulebaze;
amasTan, garkveulwilad gvexmareba Cvens realobaSi mimdinare procesebis
axsnasa da gacnobierebaSi.
presis funqciis gansazRvrisas SevecadeT SeZlebisdagvarad Tavi
mogveyara tradiciuli Sexedulebebisa da SedarebiT axali
gansazRvrebisaTvis. Tu pirveli nakadi presas masobrivi informaciis,
Jurnalistikis sistemis Semadgenel nawilad miiCnevs, meore _ masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebaTa nawilad. marTalia, cneba “masobrivi” orivegan
figurirebs da “informaciis” cnebac “komunikaciis” fundamentia, magram
zogierTi mkvlevari maT Soris mkveTr mijnas avlebs, zogi ki identur, an
TiTqmis identur cnebebad miiCnevs. (15; 21; 22; 57; 66; 67)

7
 “media, masmedia, masobrivi informaciis saSualebani da masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebani umeteswilad paralelur cnebebad gamoiyeneba”, _
aRniSnulia revaz surgulaZisa da eldar iberis wignSi “masobrivi
komunikacia” (66, 21), romelSic Sejerebulia masobrivi komunikaciis
Tanamedrove Teoriebis ZiriTadi koncefciebi, _ “termini “masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebani” ufro srulad gamoxatavs Tanamedrove presis,
radiosa da televiziis socialur funqciebs, Tumca, angariSgasawevia is
mosazrebac, rom “Jurnalistikis” cnebas ufro “masobrivi informaciis
saSualebebi” Seesabameba. (saerTod ki, Tu bolomde logikuri viqnebiT, unda
vaRiaroT, rom “masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebani” ufro zogadi, saerTo
cnebaa, xolo “masobrivi informaciis saSualebani” misi is arsebiTi nawilia,
romelsac informaciis perioduli da operatiuli gavrceleba evaleba).” (66,
.21)
“riT gansxvavdeba Jurnalistika komunikaciebis sxva formebisagan da ra
aris misi Zireuli sawyisebi” _ am problemis garkveva daisaxes amocanad 1997
wlis ivnisSi, harvardis klubSi Sekrebilma aSS-is wamyvani mediasaSualebebis
gavlenianma warmomadgenlebma da Jurnalistikis mowinave specialistebma.
“problema is aris, rom dRes mowmeni varT Jurnalistikis gaTqvefisa
komunikaciebis ufro did samyaroSi. Cven unda vecadoT, rom Jurnalistika
kvlav gamovyoT am didi samyarodan”, _ ase Seajama diskusia kolumbiis
universitetis profesorma jeims kerim.” (34, 11-12)
Jurnalisti paata nacvliSvili, Tavis sadisertacio naSromSi _
“qarTuli Jurnalistikis genezisisaTvis” sainteresod xsnis marSal makluenis
cnobili formulis _ “The Medium is the message” _ arss (amasTan, misi Targmani _
“mediumi aris mesiji” ufro zustad gamoxatavs makluenis koncefcias, vidre
misi qarTuli Sesatyvisi _ “saSualeba aris Setyobineba”): “mediumi, anu
komunikaciis saSualeba, Tavad aris mesiji (Setyobineba, ambavi, Sinaarsi) im
TvalsazrisiT, rom igi gansazRvravs da gamoxatavs drois ama Tu im
konkretul monakveTSi socialuri organizaciis princips, gvevlineba rogorc
pirovnuli, ise sazogadoebrivi aRqmis generatorad. sensoruli balansis
Secvla xdeba Sinaarsisagan damoukideblad, komunikaciis erTi saSualebidan
meoreze gadasvlis Sedegad da Sesabamisad. ase, rom makluenis es cnobili
formula SeiZleba amgvaradac iqnas gagebuli: “masobrivi informaciis
saSualeba Tavad aris informacia” da aqedan _ gacilebiT mniSvnelovania ara
is, ra informacias gawvdian, aramed is, vin gawvdis, sad, rogor, da ra
saSualebiT; da kidev ufro martivad _ forma aris Sinaarsi.” (54, 19)
8
 komunikaciis saSualebis arsisa da gavlenis gadmosacemad maklueni
ganmartavs: “komunikaciis saSualebis gavlena Zlieri da intensiuri xdeba
swored imis wyalobiT, rom mas “Sinaarsis” saxiT eZleva isev komunikaciis
romelime sxva saSualeba.” (magaliTad, kinofilmis Sinaarsia romani, piesa an
opera). (47, 22)
am postulatis gaazreba, Cveni azriT, uaRresad mniSvnelovania ara
mxolod mediis/masobrivi komunikaciis/masobrivi informaciis rTuli da
winaaRmdegobrivi bunebis asaxsnelad da gadmosacemad, aramed maTi
daniSnulebisa da funqciebis gansazRvrisTvisac. Tavs uflebas mivcemT,
masmediasTan mimarTebSi makluenis es mravlismomcveli “formula” amgvarad
davakonkretoT _ Jurnalistika (misi ganStoebebiT) isevea masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebebis Sinaarsi, rogorc reklama, garTobis industria da
a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, advili asaxsnelia da alogikurad aRar moCans
“Jurnalistikis gaTqvefa komunikaciebis ufro did samyaroSi”, masobrivi
informaciis saSualebaTa mTavar funqciad garTobis miCneva da sxva amgvari
daskvna Tu Tvalsazrisi, romelTa erTi nawilis moxmoba Cvens naSromSic
vcadeT; radgan am fonze ufro marTebulia gaanalizeba, ganviTarebis ra
stadiazea qarTuli presa, Sesabamisad _ misi perspeqtivis gaazrebac.
masmediis SesaZleblobebze, mis funqciebsa da zemoqmedebis xarisxze
msjelobisas isev makluens moSveliebT. wignSi, “mediis gageba”, igi wers, rom
papi pius XII did mniSvnelobas aniWebda komunikaciis Tanamedrove saSualebaTa
seriozuli kvlevis aucileblobas. 1950 wels mas ubrZanebia: “gadaWarbebuli
ar iqneba Tu vityviT, rom Tanamedrove sazogadoebis momavali da misi Sinagani
cxovrebis stabiluroba didwiladaa damokidebuli wonasworobis
SenarCunebaze _ komunikaciis saSualebaTa teqnikur simZlavreebsa da adamianis
individualur aRqmas/reaqcias Soris.” (47, 25) makluenis komentariT,
saukuneebis manZilze am wonasworobis SenarCunebis uunaroba, komunikaciis
saSualebaTa zemoqmedebis qvecnobierad da morCilad miReba adamianebs maT
“ukedlebo tyveebad” aqcevda. (46, 181)
sazogadoebasa da individze masobrivi komunikaciis totaluri
zemoqmedebis damkvidrebuli Sexedulebis paralelurad, mkvlevarebi
(sociologebi, fsiqologebi, filosofosebi, kulturologebi...) sul ufro
metad amaxvileben yuradRebas ukuprocesze, masobrivi komunikaciis
demasifikaciis tendenciis gaCenaze (samomavlod, ufro gaZlierebaze)
elvin tofleri, cnobili amerikeli sociologi da futurologi
(Tavdapirvelad, Jurnalisti) Tavisi naSromis _ “mesame talRis” erT-erT Tavs
9
swored ase asaTaurebs _ “masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa demasifikacia”.
tofleri ayalibebs axali, mesame talRis zeindustriuli civilizaciis
(pirveli talRa _ agraruli civilizacia, meore _ industriuli) niSnebs,
gamowvevebs, safrTxeebs... es civilizacia ukve radikalurad cvlis
industriuli civilizaciis masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa mier masobriv
cnobierebaSi Canergil unificirebul saxeebs/xatebs da qcevis standartebs.
magaliTad, videoTamaSebi ara mxolod angrevs teleauditoriis masivs, aramed
milionobiT adamians aswavlis televizorTan TamaSs, misTvis “pasuxis
gacemas”, masze zemoqmedebas. es erTgvari varjiSia, romelic eleqtronul
samyaroSi cxovrebisTvis gvamzadebs. am procesSi informaciis pasiuri
mimRebidan adamiani informaciis gamgzavni/gadamcemi xdeba da axla is
manipulirebs televizoriT. video ki TiToeul momxmarebels saSualebas
aZlevs Tavad iyos sakuTari produqciisa da sakuTari “saxeebis” Semqmneli.
ase rom, Zlevamosili televiziis tradiciuli masobrivi auditoria
meCxerdeba, demasificirdeba. (68, 22-26)
tofleris “mesame talRis” daweridan or aTeul welze meti gavida.
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi jer isev inarCuneben aqtualobas, magram
yvela sasicocxlo sferos kompiuterizacia, interneti marTlac TandaTan
aRrmavebs maT demasifikacias. komunikativistebi da Jurnalistikis
mkvlevarebic varaudoben, rom moTxovnilebebi Cveulebriv masobriv
informaciul saSualebebze TandaTan Semcirdeba da adgils dauTmobs
individeos ufro daxvewil interaqtiur saSualebebs; rom axali
teqnologiebis bazaze warmoqmnili multimedia (romelic SeiTavsebs Jurnal-
gazeTebis, televiziis, radios, qseluri gamocemebis SesaZleblobebs) adamians
saSualebas miscems mocemul momentSi Tavad SearCios da miiRos misi
interesis da saWiroebis Sesabamisi informacia, teqsti, gamosaxuleba _
beWduri, vizualuri Tu xmovani. (66, 21; 15, 267-271)
XIX saukunis SuaxanebSi balzaki werda: “Jurnalizmi... Tanamedrove
sazogadoebis religiaa”; “...Cven, RmerTi mefistofelis namdvilma mimdevrebma,
ijariT aviReT sazogadoebrivi azris SeRebva...” (4, 66-68). faqtobrivad, am
ironiuli fraziT balzakma Jurnalistikis/masmediis is umTavresi funqcia
Camoayaliba, romelsac mTeli am saukunenaxevris ganmavlobaSi aqtualoba ar
daukargavs, oRondac transformirdeboda _ sazogadoebrivi azris
Seqmna/warmarTva/manipulireba...
masmediis funqciebis gansazRvrisas TiTqmis yvela TvalsazrisSi
saerToa postulati, rom media unda emsaxurebodes sazogadoebas. adamianis
10
uflebaTa dacvis evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom presis Tavisuflebas
sagangebo dacva sWirdeba, imisaTvis rom mas hqondes saSualeba Seasrulos
“sazogadoebrivi guSagis sasicocxlod aucilebeli roli” da “gaavrcelos
sazogadoebrivi interesis Semcveli informacia.” (35, 164)
gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis kvlevisa da informaciis marTvis
ganyofilebis direqtori, tatiana repkova, masmediis funqciis gansazRvrisas,
sazogadoebis “modaraje nagazis” (repkovas wignSi, “nagazis” nacvlad, “ZaRli” gvxvdeba;
albaT, Targmanis xarvezia, _ l.k.) rols ase akonkretebs: “presisgan, romelsac
xelisuflebis meoTxe sayrdens uwodeben, elian, rom is meTvalyureobas
gauwevs xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo Stoebs
(Sesabamisad _ parlaments, mTavrobasa da sasamarTlos) da maT mier
xelisuflebis arakeTilsindisierad gamoyenebis nebismier SemTxvevas
gamoamzeurebs.” (62, 7-8)
mediis frangi mkvlevari, klod-Jan bertrani masmediis eqvs funqcias
gamoyofs:
1. meTvalyureoba (mediis funqciaa informaciis moZieba, gafiltvra,
gaanalizeba, interpretireba da Semdgom misi gavrceleba yvelasaTvis
gasageb enaze. kerZod, mediam arCevnebs Soris drois intervalSi
Tvalyuri unda adevnos sami politikuri saxelisuflo Stos
(aRmasrulebeli, sakanonmdeblo da sasamarTlo) saqmianobas);
2. sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis uzrunvelyofa (media warmoadgens sajaro
forums debatebisTvis);
3. msoflios axali ambebiT uzrunvelyofa;
4. kulturis gavrceleba;
5. garToba;
6. gayidva (media reklamis gavrcelebis mTavari saSualebaa). (11, 23-25)
amerikeli politologebi, wignis _ “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi
(qeneT janda, jefri m. beri, jeri goldmeni) miiCneven, rom “masobrivi
saSualebebis mTavari funqcia garTobaa. Tumca, isini, aseve, asruleben
politikur funqciebs: gadmoscemen axal ambebs, ukeTeben maT komentars,
gavlenas axdenen moqalaqeTa Sexedulebebze, politikur dRis wesrigze da
mosaxleobis politikur socializaciaze.” (77, 151)
mokled SevCerdebiT masmediis rolze samTavrobo komunikaciaSi.
“aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis germanul
modelSi” erT-erTi qveTavi asea dasaTaurebuli _ “marTva Tanamedrove
masmediis pirobebSi”, rac TavisTavad mianiSnebs imaze, rom media ganixileba
11
ara samTavrobo komunikaciis konteqstSi, aramed piriqiT _ samTavrobo
komunikacia ganixileba mediis konteqstSi: “msoflioSi mimdinare yvela sajaro
movlena mediis mier muSavdeba, amitom politikis monawileni cdiloben
politikuri sinamdvilis medialur konstruqciasa da misi TamaSis wesebs
miesadagon.” (3, 10) aqve gansazRvrulia mediis funqcia sajaro azris
CamoyalibebaSi: “... media politikuri monawileebisa da komunikaciis simbolur
garemos qmnis: agebs politikur realobas, romelic Tanabrad TvalsaCinoa,
rogorc moqalaqeebis, ise politikuri monawileebisTvis da yoveldRiur
kontaqts amyarebs politikasTan. politikosebi, biurokratebi, interesTa
gamomxatvelebi, erTmaneTs mediis saSualebiT swavloben... media adgens
standarts, romlis mixedviTac moqalaqeebi politikur monawileebs afaseben.”
(3, 11-12)
saxelmZRvaneloSi _ “saparlamento kontroli usafrTxoebis seqtorze:
principebi, meqanizmebi da praqtika” (parlamentTaSorisi kavSirisa (IPU) da
SeiaraRebul Zalebze demokratiuli kontrolis Jenevis centris (DCAF) mier
gamocemuli) ganxilulia mediis damokidebuleba usafrTxoebis seqtoris
mimarT da parlamentis mier mediis faqtoris gamoyenebis mniSvneloba;
aRniSnulia mediis wvlili xelisuflebis sami Stos gakontrolebaSi, misi
gavlena sajaro debatebis Sinaarsisa da sakiTxebis prioritetulobis
gansazRvraSi da a.S. movixmobT citatas, romelic gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa
saqarTvelos realobisTvis: “im qveynebSi, sadac media damokidebulia
samTavrobo institutebze, igi gacilebiT ufro xSirad xdeba mmarTvelTa
propagandistuli miznebis msxverpli. amgvar viTarebaSi media ar warmoadgens
usafrTxoebis seqtorze demokratiuli kontrolis da gamWvirvalobis
uzrunvelmyof erT-erT instruments.” (63, 39)
masmediis arsis zogadi mimoxilvis am mcdelobas davasrulebT misi
zemoqmedebis fenomenis axsnis kidev erTi rakursiT. cnobili frangi
moazrovne, “postmodernis gurud” wodebuli Jan bodriari, pirvelive wignSi
“saganTa sistema” (pirvelad gamoica 1968 wels), mTlianad masmediis
zemoqmedebis “specifiur logikas” reklamis zemoqmedebis identurad miiCnevs
da mas “Tovlis papis” logikas/fenomens uwodebs: Cven gvwams ara
reklamirebuli saqonlis Rirseba, aramed gvwams reklama, romelic Cvens
darwmunebas cdilobs. momxmarebelze gadamwyvet zemoqmedebas axdens ara
reklamis ritorikuli an informaciuli diskursi saqonlis RirsebaTa Sesaxeb;
individi mgrZnobiarea im naboZebi mzrunvelobisa da daculobis faruli
motivebis mimarT, romelsac “sxvebi” iCenen misi darwmunebisa da
12
gadabirebisTvis. aqedan momdinareobs reklamis/masmediis savsebiT realuri
qmediToba _ misi logika ara mxolod STagonebis da refleqsis logikaa,
aramed aranakleb mkacri logika rwmenisa da regresiis. (9)
Cveni azriT, “regresia” am konteqstSi moxmobilia ara “ukusvlis”, aramed
im mniSvnelobiT, romliTac igi stilistikaSi aRniSnavs sityvaTa ukuwyobas:
anu, reklamirebul saqonels vyidulobT ara imitom, rom reklamam dagvarwmuna
mis RirsebebSi, aramed, imitom rom “gvwams reklama, romelic Cvens darwmunebas
cdilobs”. igive exeba masmediis zemoqmedebasac; mis produqcias _ informacias,
movixmarT da vendobiT ara imitom, rom eWvmiutanlad gvjera yvela
informaciis, aramed imitom, rom gvwams masmediis, “romelic Cvens darwmunebas
cdilobs”.
TiTqos paradoqsia, rom im viTarebaSi, roca momxmarebels ar sjera
reklamis, icis misi mzakvruli xasiaTi, is mainc yidulobs reklamirebul
saqonels; ufro metic, reklama mas uCens moTxovnilebas (Sesabamisad,
moTxovnasac) iseT saqonelze, romelic xSirad arc saWiroa misTvis, arc
aucilebeli da arc xelmisawvdomi. Tvisobrivi gansxvaveba marTlac ar aris
masmediasTan mimarTebaSi _ mas akritikeben, ar endobian, ician, rom
umeteswilad misi informacia emyareba subieqtur intrepretaciebs da ara
ambis/movlenis amsaxvel faqtebs, magram, miuxedavad amisa, araTu moixmaren
masmediis produqts, aramed, cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, emorCilebian kidec
sainformacio inJineriiT modelirebul “realobas” da Tavadac aqtiurad
monawileoben mis SeqmnaSi.
erTi mxriv, usafrTxoebis, daculobis SegrZneba (9, 34), romelsac badebs
informaciis floba da, meore mxriv, avtoritetuli azris gavlenis, sxvaTa
azris damowmebis faqtori (73), saTanado vels qmnis individsa Tu masebSi
masmediisadmi rwmenis ganwyobis Sesaqmnelad. e.w. avtoritetuli, gavleniani
mediis cnebac amas adasturebs: adamianebs sWirdebaT avtoritetuli
dadastureba/uaryofa/koreqcia TavianTi azrebisa da Sexedulebebisa, an, sxvaTa
azrisa da Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswineba.

 axali aTaswleulis qarTuli mediis zogadi Strixebi

disertaciis am nawilSi SevecdebiT warmovaCinoT, ra roli ganesazRvra

qarTul medias gardamaval periodSi, rogor Seesabameboda is misTvis
dakisrebul funqcias; rogori iyo aTaswleulis damdegis da “vardebis
revoluciis” periodis media, ra kliSeebsa da stereotipebs qmnida am periodis
13
presa; ra parametrebiT ganisazRvreba, saerTod, mediis Tavisufleba da
damoukidebloba, raa saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli am TvalsazrisiT
ganviTarebul demokratiebsa da qarTul sinamdviles Soris.
masmediis Tavisuflebis xarisxi qveynis demokratiulobis barometrad
iTvleba; amitom, ucxoeli damkvirveblebica da qarTveli eqspertebic
saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebis procesis erT-erT mTavar maCveneblad
Tavisufali mediis arsebobas asaxelebdnen. oRondac, unda davakonkretoT, rom
umTavresad cneba “Tavisufali media” gamoiyeneboda, da inerciiT dRemde ase
grZeldeba, “sityvis Tavisuflebis” Tanabarzomier cnebad.
propagandistuli wnexis, partiuli da saxelmwifo diqtatisa da
cenzurisagan sityvis gaTavisuflebis Tavdapirveli etapi, qarTulma mediam
marTlac sakmaod warmatebulad ganvlo; magram am pirvel etaps unda
mohyoloda mediis mier finansuri da saredaqcio damoukideblobis mopovebis,
sityvis TavisuflebasTan pasuxismgeblobis Sexamebis, profesiuli
standartebis damkvidrebis da a.S. etapebi, romlis gareSec “Tavisufali media”
mxolod formaluri cnebaa.
saqarTveloSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebisadmi miZRvnil
kvlevaSi politologi gia nodia iyenebs definicias “damoukidebeli media”.
amTaviTve vityviT, rom Tavisi WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT es gansazRvreba
qarTul medias namdvilad ar miesadageba da es kargad Cans Tundac
sadisertacio naSromSi warmodgenili presis analiziTac. Tumca, igi
gamoxatavs gansxvavebas sabWoTa da postsabWoTa periodis saqarTvelos (anu,
deklarirebulad damoukidebeli) medias Soris da, rogorc Cans, am Sinaarss
deben masSi qarTveli Tu ucxoeli Semfaseblebi.
gia nodia aRniSnavs, rom: “damoukidebeli media, iseve rogorc
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, saqarTveloSi damoukideblobis da
demokratiuli institutebis ganviTarebasTan erTad Seiqmna. rogorc erTis, ise
meoris Casaxva paralelurad xdeboda 1980-iani wlebis bolodan. maTi
warmateba saqarTveloSi, erTi mxriv, uSualod damokidebulia liberaluri
institutebis ganviTarebis doneze; meore mxriv ki, amgvari ganviTarebis
umTavresi indikatoria. rodesac bolo 10-15 wlis manZilze saqarTveloSi
demokratiis ganviTarebis SedarebiT warmatebebze laparakobdnen, upirveles
yovlisa, swored mediisa da mesame seqtoris ganviTareba mohyavdaT amis
yvelaze TvalsaCino sabuTad. meore mxriv, rodesac “vardebis revoluciis”
Semdeg gaxSirda wuxilebi imis gamo, rom revoluciam demokratiis ganviTareba
ki ara, misi garkveuli Sesusteba moitana, amis erT-erT ZiriTad

14
gamoxatulebas swored mediaSi pluralizmis Sesustebasa da mesame seqtoris
aqtivobis da rolis daqveiTebaSi xedaven.” (56, 48)
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi, marTlac, erTgvarad
damuxruWda qarTuli masmediis ganviTareba. “vardebis revolucia”, qveynis
demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da dasavluri Rirebulebebis damkvidrebis ufro
maRal fazaSi gadasvlis deklarirebiT, am procesisTvis stimulis mimcemi da
xelisSemwyobi unda gamxdariyo. magram moxda piriqiT. Tumc, pluralizmis
Sesusteba, razec gia nodia amaxvilebs yuradRebas, telemediis magaliTze
ufro TvalSisacemia. presam (miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis”
Semdeg, sxvadasxva mizeziT, drois garkveuli intervaliT, daixura iseTi
TvalsaCino gazeTebi, rogoric iyo “dilis gazeTi”, “axali epoqa”, “mTavari
gazeTi”, “xvalindeli dRe”), televiziasTan SedarebiT, mainc SeZlo garkveuli
mravalferovnebisa da sakuTari poziciis SenarCuneba.
amdenad, saanalizo periodis presa pirobiTad SeiZleba gavyoT “vardebis
revoluciamde” da “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodad. Tumc, es dayofa
ar iqneba mxolod pirobiTi. Jurnalisti ia anTaZe (romlis analitikuri
publikaciebi gamorCeulia qarTul mediaSi), ayalibebs arsebiT gansxvavebas,
gamoxatuls xelisuflebis, mediasaSualebis mflobelisa da Jurnalistebis
urTierTmimarTebis SecvliT: “revoluciamde ramdenime wliT adrec da
revoluciis dReebSic mediamflobeli dainteresebuli iyo korufciaSi
Cafluli, dauZlurebuli xelisuflebis realuri saxis CvenebiT da
Jurnalistebisagan iTxovda simarTles da mxolod simarTles. maSin
Jurnalistebi, TavianT mediamflobelTan erTad, qmnidnen Sekrul gunds,
romelic Tavdauzogavad utevda xelisuflebas. Tu warmovidgenT samkuTxeds,
wveriT zeviT, xelisufleba swored am wverze iyo ganTavsebuli,
mediamflobeli da Jurnalistebi ki qveda or kuTxeSi iyvnen “gamagrebulni”
erTmaneTis gverdiT da erTiani ZaliT ebrZodnen SevardnaZes Tu mis
garemocvas.
revoluciis Semdeg samkuTxedi amoyiravda da daeSva wveriT qveviT. zeda
or kuTxeSi erTmaneTis gverdiT moxvdnen xelisufleba da mediamflobeli,
qveda wverSi ki aRmoCnda daucveli Jurnalisti, romelsac es ori didi Zala _
erT gundad gaerTianebuli xelisufleba da mediamflobeli _ gausaZlis
tvirTad daawva mxrebze.” (1, 15)
*
mocemuli periodis presis daxasiaTeba ar iqneba marTebuli misi winare
periodisagan gancalkevebiT. “80-iani wlebis bolos da 90-iani wlebis
15
dasawyisis presaSi sityvis Tavisufleba ZiriTadad politikuri movlenebis
kritikul gaSuqebaSi gamoixata da 1997-98 wlebamde aseTad darCa. Tumca,
gaCnda yviTeli presac, magram politikuri da yviTeli presa erTmaneTSi ar
areula”, _ gigi TevzaZe am mosazrebis ganviTarebisas eyrdnoba giga bokerias,
givi TargamaZisa da levan ramiSvilis naSroms _ “saqarTvelos presa 90-ian
wlebSi. nabiji Tavisuflebisaken”. (24, 21). gigi TevzaZe, rogorc samoqalaqo
seqtoris erT-erTi aqtiuri warmomadgeneli da, am SemTxvevaSi, demokratiul
inovaciaTa centris mier Catarebuli kvlevis (presaSi profesiuli
standartebisa da eTikuri normebis dacvis ZiriTadi tendenciebi) monawile da
Semajamebeli statiis avtori, aanalizebs postsabWoTa presis etapebs _
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis garemodan biznes garemoSi saxelisuflo
sivrceSi. movixmobT vrcel citatas, romelic kargad axasiaTebs 90-iani
wlebis miwurulisa da 2000-ianis damdegis qarTul presas.
“paradoqsia, rom 1990-1998 wlebSi gazeTebis tiraJi Semcirda. Tuki 80-iani
wlebis bolos yvelaze popularuli gazeTis “dronis” dRiuri tiraJi 30 aTass
aWarbebda, 98 wlisaTvis saqarTveloSi gamomavali yvela gazeTis dRiuri
tiraJi erTad 20-25 aTass Zlivs Seadgenda. am paradoqsis axsna SesaZlebelia
SemdegSi mdgomareobdes: presam daaRwia Tavi komunisturi xelisuflebis
diqtats da socialuri niSa im dros Camoyalibebis procesSi myof samoqalaqo
sazogadoebaSi ipova. es periodi (1990-1998) gamoirCeva demokratiuli presis
ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi grantebiT, treiningebiT. rogorc saqarTvelos
samoqalaqo sazogadoebam, aseve demokratiuli qveynebis mTavrobebma yvelaferi
gaakeTes imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos beWdviTi media samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
nawili gamxdariyo. (24, 21-22)... Sedegad, 97-98 wlebSi miviReT mciretiraJiani,
magram demokratiuli politikuri presa, romelic erTmniSvnelovnad aRiarebda
demokratiul Rirebulebebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganuyofeli nawili
iyo... gamomdinare samoqalaqo sazogadoebis simciridan, SeuZlebelic iyo meti
tiraJis molodini gvqonoda. amitom, aqtualurad iqca beWdviTi mediis
biznesad qcevis sakiTxi. demokratiis erT-erTi mTavari gamowveva dRevandel
saqarTveloSi is aris, rom vera da ver moxerxda biznesis gamoyvana
xelisuflebis garemodan da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis nawilad qceva...
beWdviTi mediis ganviTarebaSi es procesi sagranto dabandebis SemcirebiT da
politikuri (politikosebis) kapitalis gazrdiT gamoixata... samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis garemodan biznes garemoSi moxvedrili beWdviTi media
saxelisuflebo sivrceSi aRmoCnda.” (24, 24)

16
 swored beWdviTi mediis biznesad qcevis procesma gaaCina qarTul
presaSi “mravalpolaruli” gazeTebi, rac sruliadac ar niSnavs
pluralistur wonasworobas. rogorc g.TevzaZe wers, “es gamoixateboda ara
imiT, rom erT gazeTSi urTierTsawinaaRmdego filosofiis mqone statiebi
ibeWdeboda, aramed imiT, rom erTsa da imave gazeTSi sxvadasxva stilisa da
paTosis statia erTmaneTis gverdiT iyo moTavsebuli _ dawyebuli
analitikuriT, damTavrebuli sruliad “yviTeli” weris stiliT...
gansxvavebuli stili ara erTi gazeTis, aramed erTi statiis farglebSi airia.
gazeTis magivrad, sagazeTo statia gaxda mravalpolaruli da
polidiskursuli.” (24, 22-23)
Sedegad, gazeTebis mravalricxovnebis miuxedavad, ver Camoyalibda
mravalpolaruli presa; calkeuli gazeTi gaxda erTbaSad yvela saxis
mkiTxvelze gaTvlili (oRondac, stiqiurad, zogadad auditoriisa da
mkiTxvelTa kategoriis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavlis gareSe). profesionalizmis
deficitis pirobebSi, mkiTxvelTa yuradRebis mizidvas presa sensaciuri
Seferilobis publikaciebiT, skandalebiT, e.w. kuluaruli informaciebiT
cdilobda. amasTan, erTi mxriv, presaSi politikuri (politikosebis)
kapitalis dabandebam, meore mxriv, gazeTebis gayidvisa da tiraJis gazrdis
aucileblobam, maqsimalurad gazarda presis politizebis xarisxi da igi
arsebiTad xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interess dauqvemdebara.
kulturologi lela iakobiSvili aRniSnavs, rom 2003 wlamde gacilebiT adre
“qarTuli kulturis reJimi politikur bataliebze gadaerTo”, xolo 2003-is
noembris satelevizio sanaxaobebma “sainformacio uzrunvelyofis iseTi
srulyofileba SemogvTavaza, Tavad informaciuli civilizaciis Semoqmedsac
rom SeSurdeboda.” (26, 33-39)
es Sefaseba presasac kargad esadageba, im gansxvavebiT, rom mas,
televiziasTan SedarebiT, zemoqmedebis naklebi efeqti da areali aqvs; Tumc,
saerTo jamSi, presam, televiziasTan unisonSi, Seamzada niadagi
postSevardnaZistul epoqaSi “xaverdovani” gadasvlisTvis; Semdgom ki tele da
beWduri mediis gzebi erTmaneTs sagrZnobad dascilda.
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg presaSi gaCnda terminebi “satelevizio
mmarTveloba”, “telexelisufleba”, rac pirdapir mianiSnebs imaze, rom axali
xelisufleba (pirvel rigSi _ prezidenti) warmatebiT iyenebs televiziis
SesaZleblobebs piarisa da propagandisTvis; meore mxriv, presa permanentulad
aprotestebs telemediis prioritetulobasa da beWduri mediis ignorirebas.
“dilis gazeTis” mTavari redaqtori, manana kartozia, bolo nomris

17
saredaqcio statiaSi, “kiTxvisunariani xelisuflebisa da yidvisunariani
mkiTxvelis” surviliTa da imediT daemSvidoba mkiTxvels. gazeT “alias”,
logos gverdiT, wamZRvarebuli aqvs prezident mixeil saakaSvilis sityvebi
“pirdapir minda giTxraT gulwrfelad, rom me qarTul gazeTebs TiTqmis ar
vkiTxulob... samwuxarod, maTi done, didi iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda,
Zalian dabalia.” (2005 wlis dekemberi)
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom telemediisadmi xelisuflebis
“gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba”, ZiriTadad, misi Tavisuflebis arealis
maqsimalur SezRudvasa da kontrolSi gamoixateba, presas am mxriv meti
Tavisufleba aqvs, magram, mwiri materialuri resursebiT uxdeba
arsebobisaTvis brZola. “vardebis revoluciidan” sami Tvis Semdeg, presaSi
gamoqveynda gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis mimarTva prezident
saakaSvilisadmi; masSi yuradReba maxvildeba saqarTveloSi Jurnalistebze
zewolisa da Tavdasxmis faqtebze, rac mediaSi aCens SiSis sindroms da,
Sesabamisad, TviTcenzuras. asociacia delikaturad mianiSnebs saqarTvelos
prezidents Jurnalistebis profesiuli saqmianobisTvis saTanado pirobebis
Seqmnis aucileblobaze. (“jorjian Taimsi”, “xvalindeli dRe”,E26 Tebervali,
2004) amave periodSi “dilis gazeTi” aRniSnavda, rom “demokratiuli da Ria
sazogadoebis lozungiT mosuli revoluciuri xelisufleba presisTvis
TiTqmis yvela informacias blokavs.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 18.02.2004)
*
amgvarad, gamoikveTa konturebi, rogori iyo qarTuli mediis saxe
aTaswleulebis mijnaze, romelic umniSvnelovanesi etapi iyo qveynisa da,
Sesabamisad, mediis ganviTarebisTvis. zogadad am periodis qarTuli mediis da,
konkretulad, presis, Sefaseba da, Semdgom, saanalizo periodSi (2000-2005
wlebi) mis ZiriTad sazogadoebriv-politikur aspeqtebze msjeloba,
SeuZlebelia im parametrebis moSveliebis gareSe, romliTac, saerTod, mediis
Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis xarisxi fasdeba.
Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba Zalze zogadi cnebebia, magram,
arsebuli Tvalsazrisebis SejerebiT, swored esaa mediis demokratiulobis
ganmsazRvreli umTavresi faqtori. aRarafers vambobT imaze, rom am
faqtorebis arsebobas, pirvel rigSi, qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebis done
da mediis funqcionirebisTvis arsebuli garemo-pirobebi ganapirobebs.
mediis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis parametrebze msjeloba,
upirvelesad, informaciuli sferos maregulirebel normatiul aqtebze
(saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi, konvenciebi, oqmebi, konkretuli qveynis
18
kanonmdebloba...) dayrdnobiT viTardeba. informaciuli samarTali urTules
sferod iTvleba yvela demokratiul qveyanaSi; mediis mkvlevarebi da
profesionali praqtikosebi, umeteswilad, miiCneven, rom normatiuli aqtebi
gansazRvravs mediis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis uflebas, magram
realobaSi, araTu konkretuli qveynis, aramed konkretuli mediasaSualebis
SemTxvevaSic ki, uaRresad rTulia dadgena, ras gulisxmobs Tavisufleba da
damoukidebloba da rogor SeiZleba misi miRweva.
gazeTebis msoflio asociaciis kvlevisa da informaciis marTvis
ganyofilebis direqtori tatiana repkova, romlis gamocdileba moicavs yofil
socialistur evropaSi cxovrebasa da Jurnalistad/redaqtorad muSaobasac da
Tanamedrove mediis Teoriisa da praqtikis codnasac, erTmaneTs uxamebs mediis
Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis romantikul/idealistur gansazRvrebebsa
da pragmatul realobas. saqarTvelos mediasTan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebiT
sayuradReboa gardamavali demokratiis viTareba: “ganviTarebad demokratiul
qveynebSi damoukidebeli mediis Seqmnis pirveli etapi aucileblad
gulisxmobs samTavrobo sakuTrebisgan, kontrolisa da Carevisgan
gaTavisuflebas. sityva “damoukidebeli” ar gaxlavT absoluturad TviTkmari
da am SemTxvevaSi arcTu zustad esadageba Tavis pirvelad semanistikur
gansazRvrebas. ganviTarebad demokratiul qveynebSi presasTan mimarTebaSi es
sityva, Cveulebriv, niSnavs samTavrobo kontrolisagan damoukidebels. magram
es ganmarteba metismetad viwroa.
imis gamo, rom ganviTarebad demokratiul qveynebSi Jurnalistebs
damoukideblobis sakmaod mwiri, an zogjer aranairi gamocdileba ar gaaCniaT,
maT xSirad hgoniaT, rom xelisuflebis kontrolisgan Tavis daRweva,
yvelanairi kontrolisgan Tavisuflebas niSnavs; rom maT aravin akontrolebs,
maT Soris, arc gazeTis mmarTvelebi. samwuxarod, damoukideblobis maTeuli
gansazRvreba ararealisturi da gauazrebelia da, sabolood,
JurnalistebisTvisve kargi araferi moaqvs. dRevandel rTul samyaroSi
damoukidebloba sruli verafriT iqneba.” (62, 9-10)
mediis Tavisuflebis cneba saqarTveloSic sakmaod didxans iyo
asocirebuli “yvelafrisgan TavisuflebasTan”. iqmneboda STabeWdileba, rom
Jurnalistebs yvelanairi informaciis mopovebisa da gavrcelebis SeuzRudavi
ufleba aqvT. mediasaSualebebis mflobelebi da Jurnalistebi mtkivneulad
ganicdidnen normatiuli aqtebis miRebas, romlebic aregulirebs informaciis
sajaroobas/saidumloobas, sajaro informaciis xelmisawvdomobas,
informaciasTan daSvebis uflebas da a.S. “saqarTvelos zogadma
19
administraciulma kodeqsma” (miRebulia 1999 wlis 25 ivniss) sakanonmdeblo
doneze mniSvnelovnad moawesriga sajaro informaciasTan urTierToba, magram
unda iTqvas, rom, meore mxriv, mediis warmomadgenlebi xSirad uCiodnen,
samarTlianad Tu usamarTlod, xelisSemSlel biurokratiul barierebs.
cnobil inglisur arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi, “artikl 19”-Si
gaerTianebulma iuristebma Seqmnes da 1993 wels gamosces unikaluri naSromi,
romelSic gadmocemuli da gaanalizebulia masmediis samarTlebrivi
regulirebisa da TviTregulirebis sferoSi 11 demokratiuli qveynis
gamocdileba (avstria, avstralia, didi britaneTi, germania, espaneTi, kanada,
niderlandebi, norvegia, aSS, safrangeTi, Svecia); naSromSi, SedarebiTi
analizis meTodiT, gadmocemulia ara mxolod arsebuli normebi, aramed maTi
gamoyenebis praqtika, problemebisa da winaaRmdegobebis CaTvliT. am
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mravalgvarobisa da
gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, arsebobs ramdenime ZiriTadi piroba, romelic
saerToa demokratiuli qveynebisTvis presis Tavisuflebisa da
damoukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad: registraciis liberaluri pirobebi
(gazeTis an Jurnalis daarsebisTvis araa saWiro mTavrobis nebarTva),
informaciis sajarooba da xelmisawvdomoba, wyaros konfidencialoba da a.S.
yvelaze mTavari da CvenTvis sayuradRebo, rac am naSromSi ikveTebaa, isaa, rom
presis pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebis kvalobaze, presasTan dakavSirebuli
konfliqtebi samarTlebrivi sferodan TviTregulirebis sferoSi inacvlebs,
rac presis damoukideblobasTan erTad, misi avtoritetisa da prestiJis
amaRlebasac uwyobs xels. (35)
kanonmdeblobis doneze, rogorc specialistebi aRniSnaven, saqarTveloSi
presis Tavisufleba da damoukidebloba sakmarisad uzrunvelyofilia (Tumc,
telemediis SemTxvevaSi, xelisufleba axerxebs situaciis marTvas samauwyeblo
licenziebiTa da sakontrolo paketebiT). 2004 wlis 24 ivniss, saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier miRebulma kanonma “sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
Sesaxeb”, istoriis kuTvnilebad aqcia “vardebis revolucamde” arsebuli
sasamarTlo praqtika, rodesac mediasaSualebebs SefasebiTi msjelobisa da
mamxilebeli faqtebis sajarod gacxadebisaTvis solidur jarimebs
akisrebdnen. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparatis mTavari specialisti,
giorgi gociriZe wers, rom “saqarTvelo SeuerTda im qveyanaTa ricxvs, sadac
ciliswamebam dekriminalizacia ganicada, anu amgvari qmedebisTvis gauqmda
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da igi mTlianad samoqalaqo
kanonmdeblobis regulirebis sferoSi moeqca.” (14, 28)

20
 ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed ganviTarebuli demokratiebis praqtika
aCvenebs, rom liberaluri kanonmdebloba sakmarisi ar aris presis
Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis. tatiana repkova aRniSnavs, rom
“Tavisufali da damoukidebeli masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis arseboba
SesaZlebelia mxolod sxva demokratiuli tradiciebis arsebobasTan erTad.”
(62, 19) amasTan, igi miiCnevs, rom profesionalizmis dacva gacilebiT did
Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, vidre damoukideblobisa: “msoflioSi miRebul mraval
Jurnalisturi qcevis kodeqssa da sakuTar _ reportioris da redaqtoris _
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, xuTi sityviT SemiZlia ganvsazRvro, rogori unda
iyos profesionali Jurnalistika: faqtobrivi, patiosani, miumxrobeli,
yovlismomcveli da Tanmimdevruli.” (62, 26)
Tavisufali da damoukidebeli mediis ganviTarebisTvis samarTlebriv
garemoze aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs biznes-garemos; marTalia, media
specifiuri biznesia (ufro sworad, igi ar aris mxolod biznesi), magram mis
funqcionirebas arsebiTad gansazRvravs sabazro kanonebi.
“mTlianobaSi media SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc warmoeba,
sazogadoebrivi samsaxuri da, agreTve, politikuri instituti... dRes medias
arcerTi zemoxsenebuli maxasiaTeblis ignorireba ar SeuZlia. Sedegi aris
fundamenturi konfliqti mewarmeobis Tavisuflebasa da sityvis Tavisuflebas
Soris... am dilemis daZleva ioli ar aris... mediis mizani ver iqneba mxolod
fulis keTeba, iseve rogorc mxolod Tavisufleba: Tavisufleba aucilebelia,
magram ar aris sakmarisi. mediis amocanaa kargad emsaxuros yvela moqalaqes”,
(11, 9-10) _ frangi mkvlevaris klod-Jan bertranis mier Camoyalibebul am
formulaSi, faqtobrivad, mocemulia “samsaxovani” mediis mTavari dilema _
misi sityvis Tavisuflebis “amplituda” biznesis Tavisuflebis
“amplitudiTac” isazRvreba da, orive erTad _ demokratiisa da sabazro
ekonomikis ganviTarebis xarisxiT. demokratiul saxelmwifoSi, sadac
xelisufleba xalxis mier arCeuli da daqiravebuli msaxuria, bunebrivia,
mediasac meti SesaZlebloba aqvs Tavisi mTavari amocanis _ moqalaqeebisa da
sazogadoebis msaxurebis _ gansaxorcieleblad.
saqarTveloSi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, biznesi ar aris
distancirebuli xelisuflebisgan; presis biznesad qcevis amocana imiTac
rTuldeba, rom isedac mwiri sareklamo bazari TiTqmis mTlianad
eleqtronul mediazea orientirebuli. 2003 wlisTvis sareklamo bazari
uzrunvelyofda mediis Semosavals weliwadSi daaxloebiT 5 mln aSS dolaris
odenobiT, saidanac presis wili daaxloebiT 20% iyo. (52, 65)

21
 rogorc marina musxeliSvili aRniSnavs saqarTveloSi demokratiis
ganviTarebis Semajamebel kvlevaSi, saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi didia
Crdilovani seqtoris wili; mediac umeteswilad Crdilovan seqtorSi
funqcionirebs; JurnalistTa xelfasebi metad dabalia, ris gamoc maRali
kvalifikaciis kadrebi sxva sferoebSi inacvleben; amasTan, “iqmneba
mojadoebuli wre, rodesac sawyisi Tanxis ararseboba ar iZleva biznesis
ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas, xolo sawyisi investiciis miReba ukavSirdeba
garkveuli politikuri valdebulebebis aRebas, rac, saboloo jamSi,
produqciis xarisxis daqveiTebas iwvevs.” (52, 65-66) SesaZloa, swored
profesiuli presis ararsebobiT (da ara imdenad mosaxleobis ekonomikuri
siduxWiriT) aixsnas presis dabali tiraJebi, rasac sociologiuri
gamokvlevebic adasturebs.
biznesgaremos mouwesrigebloba da materialuri problemebi presas
xSirad aiZulebs mimarTos e.w. farul reklamas, SekveTil statiebs;
mkiTxvelis yuradRebis misaqcevad informaciaSi faqtebze metad figurirebs
“sensaciur-skandaluri” Seferilobis komentarebi; profesiuli da eTikuri
standartebis darRveva Cveulebrivi movlenaa beWduri gamocemebis
umetesobisTvis. yovelive es saredaqcio damoukideblobazec uaryofiTad
aisaxeba da, rac mTavaria, am viTarebaSi presa araTu emsaxureba moqalaqes,
aramed arRvevs misi, rogorc mediamomxmareblis uflebas _ miiRos sando da
“ekologiurad usafrTxo” produqcia.
*
cnobili germaneli sociologi niklas lumani Tavis wignSi “masmediis
realoba” aRniSnavs, rom masmedia “mosazrebebs movlenebze ganixilavs da
aSuqebs, rogorc sakuTriv movlenas” (45, 167); dauzustebel, an mcdar faqtebs
masmedia avrcelebs rogorc namdvil cnobebs, romlebic mudmivad unda
ganaxldes, raTa siyalbe SeumCneveli darCes. axali ambebis saxiT gadmocemuli
informacia ki eWvmiutanel WeSmaritebad iTvleba. lumani CamoTvlis
kriteriumebs, romelsac iyeneben informaciis axal ambad/niusad qcevisTvis:
informacia axali unda iyos; upiratesoba eniWeba konfliqtebs; uaRresad
mniSvnelovania normebis darRveva, romelic masmediis interperetaciiT xSirad
skandalis saxes iRebs da a.S.
qarTuli masmediis interpretaciul xasiaTze yuradRebas amaxvilebs
sociologi iago kaWkaWiSvili; igi ambobs, rom sainformacio gadacemebis
erTmaneTTan Sedareba postmodernuli paradigmis legitimurobaSi arwmunebs _
“ar arsebobs realoba TavisTavad. igi iseTia, rogoradac misi interpretacia
22
xdeba. xolo ramdenadac interpretacia bevria, realobac sxvadasxvanairia...
sinamdvile gawovilia interpretaciaSi.” (31) magram raxan sociologia emyareba
daSvebas rom obieqturi realoba (Tundac empiriuli, anu dro-sivrculi)
arsebobs, iago kaWkaWiSvili msjelobas ase aviTarebas: “e.i. SesaZlebelia
visaubroT realobis adekvatur da araadekvatur interpretaciaze.”
Tundac, erTi mxriv, gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikisa” da, meore mxriv,
danarCeni gazeTebis (“alia”, “axali versia”, “rezonansi”, “axali Taoba”,
“jorjian Tamsi” da sxv.) zedapiruli Sedarebac ki adasturebs am
Tvalsazriss. 2000-2003 wlebSi “saqarTvelos respublikiT” Seqmnili suraTi
ise diametralurad gansxvavdeba sxva gazeTebisagan, rom Znelia daijero rom
es erTi da igive qveynis realobis asaxvaa. “saqarTvelos respublikis”
mediasuraTi, sabWouri inerciiT, stabilurobisa da uZraobis ganwyobas
gviqmnis, daaxloebiT aseTi sqemiT _ “yvelaferi rigzea!”, mTavaria “bunti ar
iyos”; danarCeni gazeTebis mediasuraTi, siWrelis miuxedavad, mudmivi
destabilizaciisa da nihilizmis ganwyobas amZafrebs. xolo imis dadgena,
romeli mediasaSualebis interpretaciaa realobis adekvaturi, an
araadekvaturi, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.
aseTive mimarTeba iyo am periodSi telekompania “pirveli arxisa” da t/k
“rusTavi 2”-is mier Seqmnil “interpretaciul realobebs” Soris. am ori
mediasaSualebis Sedareba sxva ramiTacaa sagulisxmo. disertaciis I nawilSi
movixmeT makluenis cnobili formula _ “mediumi aris mesiji”. “rusTavi 2” _
anu mediumi/saSualeba, erTis mxriv, Tavisi komunikaciuri SesaZleblobebiT
(vgulisxmobT sixSires, dafinansebas, materialur-teqnikur bazas, kadrebs...) ar
aRemateboda “pirvel arxs” (mediums/saSualebas), magram “rusTavi 2”, rogorc
mediasaSualeba, TavisTavad iyo garkveuli mesiji, erTgvari kodi, romelic
ara mxolod mimdinare procesebsa da sazogadoebis ganwyobaze axdenda
zegavlenas, aramed, sxva mediasaSualebebzec.
aqve mokled SevexebiT saerTod “rusTavi 2”-is gansakuTrebul da,
SeiZleba iTqvas, eqskluziur rols. jer kidev 2000 wels, mediis analizi
warmoaCenda amgvar sqemas: sazogadoebrivi azris aqcentirebis funqcias
asrulebda “rusTavi 2”. sainformacio programis _ “kurieri 9 saaTze” anonsi,
zedmiwevniT gaTvlili, politikurad da emociurad damuxtuli, tons aZlevda
sainformacio amindis Semqmnel sxva mediasaSualebebs (pirvel rigSi,
“rezonanssa” da “alias”); “Ramis kurieri” (11 saaTze), pluralizmis dacvis
efeqtiT, ostaturad aviTarebda mTavar aqcentebs. saTanado ganwyobis

23
Sesaqmnel fons qmnida ara mxolod dRis sainformacio gamoSvebebi, aramed,
sxva gadacemebic da arxis strategiuli dizainic.
filosofosi zaza firaliSvili, romelic dawvrilebiT exeba mediis
rols 2003 wlis movlenebSi, Rrmad aanalizebs qarTul politikur sivrceSi
“axali politikuri aqtoris niSis” (romelic swored “rusTavi 2”-ma daikava)
gaCenis winapirobebs: gardamavali xanis sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
“swrafad cvalebadi situaciiTa da rTuli socialuri mdgomareobiT
gamowveuli informaciuli SimSilis gancda, rac rigiT adamians totalurad
damokidebuls xdis eleqtronuli mediis funqcionirebaze... am dros Zlieria
cduneba imisa, rom moxdes eleqtronuli mediis rolis hiperbolizeba,
rogorc sazogadoebriv ganwyobilebaTa marTvis instrumentisa... sazogadoeba
mTlianad damokidebuli xdeba ara mxolod mediis mier miwodebul
informaciaze, aramed, am informaciis interpretaciazec.” (71, 172)
zaza firaliSvili kargad xsnis, rogor iqca “rusTavi 2” ara mxolod
umniSvnelovanes mediaaqtorad, aramed politikur aqtoradac: arxis mesveurebi
flobdnen sainformacio omis strategiaTa codnas; “agresiuli toniT, niSanTa
sistemis profesionaluri gamoyenebiT, JurnalistikisaTvis aucilebeli
avantiurizmiT maT TandaTan miaRwies sazogadoebrivi azris ukonkurento
kreatorTa mdgomareobas.” (71, 174-175)
aq, da disertaciis sxva monakveTebSic,U“rusTavi 2”-is figurireba
ganpirobebulia bolo wlebis qarTul mediasa da sazogadoebriv-politikur
cxovrebaze misi udavod didi gavleniT. amasTan, qarTuli masmediis
ganviTarebaze msjelobisas (gansakuTrebiT, “vardebis revoluciis” konteqstSi)
ucxoeli Tu qarTveli eqspertebis aTvlis wertili televiziaa, ufro zustad,
“rusTavi 2”. garda amisa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qarTuli presis aqcentebi
an pirdapir ukavSirdeboda, an didwilad iyo ganpirobebuli swored am
telearxis mesijebiT. zaza firaliSvili aRniSnavs, rom “rusTavi 2”-is mier
SemuSavebuli gzavnilebi, romlebic sainformacio gamoSvebebis anonsebSi
xmiandeboda, meore dRes TiTqmis ucvleli saxiT gadadioda gazeTebSi. ufro
metic, “rusTavi 2” qmnida movlenaTa im RirebulebiT ierarqiasac, romelsac
Semdeg ara mxolod beWdviTi saSualebebi, aramed eleqtronuli mediis sxva
aqtorebic imeorebdnen.” (71, 174)
2003 wlis mediatendenciebis Semajamebel statiaSi, “Tavisuflebis
institutis” warmomadgenels, Tamar kinwuraSvils “rusTavi 2”-is roli
samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis rangSi ayavs: “is, rac dasavleTSi ramdenime
weliwadia samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis saxeliT ikidebs fexs, saqarTveloSi

24
gasuli wlis Jurnalistur novaciad iqca... Tu amerikaSi samoqalaqo
Jurnalistikis ganviTarebis procesSi garkveuli katalizatoris roli 11
seqtembris tragediamac Seasrula, saqarTveloSi analogiuri datvirTva 2003
wlis 2 noembris saparlamento arCevnebs hqonda”, _ wers kinwuraSvili da,
faqtobrivad, ayalibebs im kriteriums, romlis wyalobiTac “rusTavi 2”
“gamarjvebuli xalxis televiziad” iqca: “im viTarebaSi, roca poziciis arqona
demokratiuli faseulobebis Ralatis tolfasi iyo, JurnalistTa erTma
nawilma daarRvia qarTul mediaSi damkvidrebuli stereotipi, TiTqos
obieqturoba JurnalistikaSi imis sapirispiro mtkicebaa, risi ganzraxvac
politikosebs amoZravebT”; Tumc, iqve dasZens, rom “postrevoluciur periodSi
misi martooden “gamarjvebulTa” televiziad gadaqcevis saSiSroeba gaCnda.”
amasTan, Tamar kinwuraSvili aRniSnavs, rom “sxva revoluciuri Zvrebi”
qarTul mediaSi ar SeiniSneba; presasTan mimarTebaSi ki Zunwi komentariT
Semoifargleba imis Taobaze, rom zogierTi gamocema mkiTxvelze metad
politikosTa viwro jgufzea orientirebuli. (32, 138)
aqedan gamomdinare, alogikurad aRar Cans erTi wlis Semdeg Jurnal
“Tavisuflebis” publikaciaSi saqarTvelos samoqalaqo seqtoris
warmomadgenelTa mosazreba, rom saqarTveloSic unda daiwyos samoqalaqo
Jurnalistikis eqsperimenti. anu, “samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis novaciam”
ganviTareba veRar hpova araTu qarTul mediaSi, aramed Tavad “rusTavi 2”-is
Semdgom praqtikaSi. publikaciis avtori merab basilaia aRniSnavs:
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgenlebi (romlebic basilaias
azriT, arcTu ise mravalricxovanni arian) iziareben dasavlel mkvlevarTa
mosazrebas, rom samoqalaqo Jurnalistika xalxisa da mediis urTierTobis
Tvisobrivad axali etapia da Tvlian, rom “saqarTveloSic unda daiwyos
samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis eqsperimenti. am eqsperimentis arsi saTqmelad
martivia: Jurnalisti sazogadoebaze unda iyos orientirebuli. sazogadoeba
gacilebiT mets unda niSnavdes, vidre sainformacio bazari. Jurnalistma
moqalaqeSi unda dainaxos ara informaciis momxmarebeli, aramed, imave
sazogadoebis wevri, romelsac Jurnalisti Tavad ekuTvnis. profesiul
miukerZoeblobas amofareba da sakuTari poziciis argamJRavneba, arcTu
iSviaTad Tavis motyueba da farisevlobaa.” (6, .20)
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo
organizaciaTa TvalsaCino warmomadgenloba, amerikis saerTaSoriso
ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID) iniciativiT, bakurianSi Seikriba qarTuli
saxelmwifos, sazogadoebisa da mesame seqtoris mdgomareobasa da momavalze
25
samsjelod. maT mier qarTuli mediis SefasebebSi xsendeba “cenzura”, “mediis
SezRudva”, “dasusteba” da a.S. “gamarjvebuli xalxis televiziaze” ki
naTqvamia: “rusTavi 2” dums imitom, rom iq aris uamravi angarebiani garigeba.”
(50, 36)
marTlac, axali xelisuflebis mimarT media uCveulod Semwynarebluri
gaxda, magram es ZiriTadad mainc televizias exeba. “vardebis revoluciis”
Semdeg, rogorc aRvniSneT, televiziisa da presis gzebi sagrZnoblad
daSoriSorda: televiziis sabrZolo paTosi dacxra da wina planze sanaxaobam
gadmoiwia, presam ki SeZlebisdagvarad SeinarCuna mimdinare movlenebis
Sefasebisa da analizis funqcia. saerTod ki, postrevoluciur periodSi
safuZvlianad Seerya safuZveli mediazeobas, anu mediis yovlisSemZleobis
imijs.
“vardebis revoluciidan” zustad rva Tvis Semdeg gazeT “rezonansSi”
gamoqveynda publikacia saTauriT “mediis reqviemi postrevoluciur
saqarTveloSi”. saTaurSi ukve gacxadebulia mTavari saTqmeli, romelsac
kulturologi lela iakobiSvili ase ayalibebs: “Cvens sainformacio sivrceSi
sruli dabneulobaa; TiTqosda cocxali media, romelmac icoda, rogor
“gaeCina” sazogadoebriv organizmSi axali, “sxva” (anu sakuTari Tavis
sxvagvari versia), dRes, vfiqrob, rom paralizebulia. sruli STabeWdileba iyo
imisa, rom qarTul sazogadoebriv organizmSi ori sfero _ politika da
Jurnalistika mainc inarCunebda cocxal muxts. xSirad infantilurad, ufro _
isteriulad, magram mainc inarCunebda. am or sferos erTmaneTis mimarT hqonda
interesi da danarCeni aRaraferi ainteresebdaT _ sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
arc erTi sxva aspeqti. es iyo erTmaneTze orientirebuli Zalauflebis ori
sivrce, romlebic erTmaneTs asazrdovebdnen... dRes media-sivrce gamoeTiSa
sazogadoebriv organizms da politikis imedze datova qveyana, TiTon ki mis
usicocxlo iaraRad iqca.” (85)
es, erTi SexedviT mkveTri Sefaseba, zedmiwevniT gamoxatavs qarTuli
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisa da qarTuli mediis mTavar maxasiaTebels _
politikis primats; politizebis tendencia telemediisa da presis saerTo
maxasiaTebelia, Tumc, presisagan gansxvavebiT, postrevoluciur periodSi am
TvalsazrisiT televizia ufro inertuli gaxda. lela iakobiSvilis Sefasebac
albaT, pirvel rigSi, swored telemedias exeba, magram verc presam SeinarCuna
“revoluciamdeli” dinamizmi, simZafre da aqtualoba.
am SefasebaSi kidev erTi arsebiTi tendenciaa Camoyalibebuli _
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis danarCeni aspeqtebis ignorireba mediis mier, garda

26
politikuri bataliebisa. Tu ufro davazustebT, es gulisxmobs ara
politikur debatebs, jansaRi politikuri konkurenciis, politikuri speqtris
farTod warmoCenas, aramed, saxelisuflo brZolebis qcevas centralur
Temad, da ara mxolod arCevnebis winare da momdevno periodebSi, roca, es
mimarTuleba mediaSi TavisTavad iwevs wina planze.
“presa sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas Soris arsebul gamyof xazs
zemoT, xelisuflebis siaxloves imyofeba”, _ acxadebda Jurnalisti ia anTaZe
2000 wels, “dilis gazeTTan” interviuSi (es gazeTi did yuradRebas uTmobda
qarTuli mediis av-kargze msjelobas da demokratiuli gamocdilebis
gaziarebas), _ “rodesac xelisuflebis erTi Sto, nawili an jgufi
dapirispirebulia meoresTan, is presis segmentidan sakuTar samegobro wres
kargad iyenebs am jgufTan dasajaxeblad. swored es iwvevs presis
diskreditacias... samwuxarod, Cveulebrivi adamianebi aravis ainteresebs.
daxedeT nebismieri gazeTis pirvel gverds da Tu Tqven ipoviT rigiTi
adamianis suraTs, maSin ukan mimaqvs Cemi sityvebi.” (113)
saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebis Semajamebel saeqsperto
kvlevaSi, statia “masmediis” avtori marina musxeliSvili askvnis, rom presa,
rogorc samomxmareblo produqti, “TiTqmis mTlianad politikazea mimarTuli
da TiTqmis ar asaxavs mkiTxvelis problemebs... es midgoma, erTi mxriv, asaxavs
arsebuli politikuri sivrcis mkveTrad elitistur xasiaTs, meore mxriv,
kidev ufro amZafrebs mosaxleobisa da politikuri klasis gaucxoebas,
zRudavs sazogadoebis unars, gaiazros mis winaSe mdgari gamowvevebi.” (52, 67)
unda SevniSnoT, rom presis orientireba politikaze ar gulisxmobs imas,
rom Tundac am sferos igi yovlismomcvelad da mravalmxrivad aSuqebs;
rogorc aRvniSneT, umeteswilad presa gamoxatavs ara Tundac xelisuflebis
interess, aramed xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interess. amaze mianiSnebs ia
anTaZis aqcentic presis angaJirebulobaze. amasTan, es citata Seicavs igive
diskurss, rogorsac lela iakobiSvilis interviu _ sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
arcerTi sxva aspeqti, saxelisuflo dapirispirebebis garda. sabednierod, es
Sefaseba yvelaze naklebad ekuTvnis “dilis gazeTisnair” gamocemas, romlis
yuradRebis arealSi sazogadoebis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela aspeqti xvdeboda
da arc mxolod politikosebi iyvnen misi “mTavari gmirebi”. ZiriTadad ki,
qarTuli presa, sazogadoebrivi azris gamoxatvisa da sazogadoebrivi
interesis sadarajoze dgomis nacvlad, ufro warmatebiT manipulirebs
sazogadoebrivi azriT. es ki, ama Tu im formiT, mainc axdens gavlenas
sazogadoebrivi azris, oRond _ deformirebulis _ formirebaze. “presis

27
saSualebiT bevri destruqciuli idea mkvidrdeba. am procesSi Jurnalistebi
uSualod arian CarTulni. ver vityvi, rom gauTviTcnobiereblad”, _ aRniSnavs
Jurnalisti ia anTaZe zemoxsenebul interviuSi. (113) ra roli miuZRoda presas
ara mxolod destruqciuli ideebis damkvidrebaSi, aramed, destabilizaciuri
procesebis inicirebaSi, am Temas sagangebod SevexebiT disertaciis erT-erT
momdevno nakveTSi.
zemoT yuradReba gavamaxvileT presis politizebis tendenciaze, am
nakveTis dasawyisSi ki _ analitikuri da “yviTeli” stilis urTierTaRrevaze.
politizebisken midrekileba e.w. bulvarul presaSic SeimCneva, iseve rogorc
TvalSisacemia sazogadoebriv-politikur gamocemebad miCneuli Jurnal-
gazeTebis “siyviTle” _ iaffasiani “sensaciebiTa” da “skandaluri ambebiT”
gataceba da, rac mTavaria, dawerili Tu “dauwereli” kanonebisa da
sazogadoebrivi normebis ugulebelyofa, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT Jurnalisturi
eTikis normebze.
moviSveliebT mweral naira gelaSvilis Sefasebas: “... Tu dasavleTSi
bulvarul presas sruliad garkveuli socialuri fena etaneba, kerZod:
kulturul-inteleqtualur samyaros sruliad mowyvetili nawili
sazogadoebisa, CvenTan am mxriv araviTari “fenovaneba” ar SeiniSneba”. Cveni
sazogadoeba nakleb wunia da gulzizRiania, rogorc danagvianebuli ezo-
quCebis, ise danagvianebuli masmediis mimarT: mdare gazeTebs “inteligencia”
iseve isrutavs, rogorc orklasdamTavrebuli an daumTavrebeli xalxi”. (112)
Jurnalisturi eTikis normebis dacva qarTul presaSi scildeba Cveni
sakvlevi Temis farglebs, magram aq sailustraciod movixmobT erT
publikacias, romelic ara mxolod eTikis darRvevis, aramed “siyviTlis”
saukeTeso nimuSia. miT ufro, rom igi gamoqveynebulia maSindel
sazogadoebriv-politikur gamocemebs Soris “pirvel violinod” miCneul
gazeTSi. “rezonansis” 2000 wlis 8 ivlisis nomerSi, meore gverdze,
ganTavsebulia publikacia saTauriT _ “Cemi prezidenti Cemi mucelia”,
qvesaTauriT _ “SevardnaZes tualetSi qaRaldis magier 50-dolarianebi ukidia
da kuWaSlilobis periodSi xmarobs”. publikacias wamZRvarebuli aqvs Savi
petitiT awyobili lidi: “Tbiliseli “gaiSnikebi” prezident SevardnaZis
tualetSi dakidebul 50 dolarianebze ocneboben”. Semdgom es “niusi” ufro
saguldagulodaa ganviTarebuli: “imas, Cvens damaqcevars, baton eduard
SevardnaZes, ra uWirs, tualetSi albaT qaRaldis magier 50-dolarianebi
ukidia da kuWaSlilobis periodSi xmarobs. gadmomigdos batono is

28
gaimasqnebuli fuli da geficebiT, arc mZRols wavarTmev rames da arc quCaSi
davxvdebi vinmes”. (97)
es nimuSi sagangebod movixmeT ara mxolod eTikis darRvevisa da
“siyviTlis” gamo. mTeli es publikacia, miuxedavad imisa, rom igi axali
ambebisTvis gankuTvnil “teritoriazea” ganTavsebuli, ra Tqma unda, araviTar
ambavs ar Seicavs, miT ufro _ faqts. da amgvari xasiaTis masalebi (oRondac,
ara yovelTvis am zomamde wregadasuli) iSviaTi gamonaklisi ar iyo
imdroindeli “rezonansisTvis”. am garemoebaze imitomac vamaxvilebT
yuradRebas, rom Semdeg qveTavebSi xSirad davimowmebT am reitingul gazeTs
da vnaxavT, rogori transformacia ganicada man solidurobis mimarTulebiT.

29
 Tavi II

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo presis prizmaSi

 saxelmwifos imiji

axali aTaswleulis damdegs qarTuli masmediis flagmanebSi saqarTvelo

figurirebs, rogorc “arSemdgari qveyana”, “saSiSi qveyana”, “viTom qveyana”,
qveyana, romelic “gasulia momsaxureobis zonidan”; “saxelmwifo” ki
“arSemdgaris” konteqstSic iSviaTad xsendeba.
ver vityviT, rom amaSi brali masmediasa da Jurnalistebs miuZRvodaT. es
iyo kanonzomieri Sedegi _ warmatebuli sainformacio omebis Sedegad
daSlili ssrk-is Semadgenlobidan gamoTavisuflebuli postsabWoTaAqveyana da
ideologiuri diqtatisa da cenzurisagan axalgamoxsnili masmedia mzad ar
iyo Tanamedrove sainformacio sivrcis zemoqmedebaze adekvaturi
reagirebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis deklarireba, 90-iani wlebis presaSi,
xSirad moixsenieboda, rogorc saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena. magram
istoriuli saxelmwifoebriobisagan xangrZlivi droismieri distancirebis
gamo es cneba realobas ar Seesabameboda. 1994 wels akaki baqraZe werda, rom
qarTveli xalxi “sruliad moumzadebeli aRmoCnda damoukidebeli da
Tavisufali cxovrebisaTvis”, radganac “Cven damoukidebloba ori saukunis
winaT ki ar davkargeT..., aramed bevrad ufro adre... saqarTvelo koloniur
mdgomareobaSi sul cota 1555 wlidan mainc imyofeba.” akaki baqraZe
gvafrTxilebda, rom damoukidebeli da Tavisufali qveynis aSenebas
xangrZlivi da sistematuri momzadeba sWirdeba, upirvelesad ki _ “eris
sulier samyaroSi sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmenis aRzrda”, “sakuTari
saxelmwifoebrivi energiis” rwmena. (7, 391)
marTlac, saxelmwifoebrivi Camoyalibebis Tanmdevma kataklizmebma am
procesisTvis moumzadebeli qveynis sazogadoeba sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi
daaeWva, masmediis fsiqologiurma zemoqmedebam ki, Tavis mxriv, saamisod
saTanado foni Seqmna. Cveni azriT, bevr sxva faqtorTan erTad, es ganapiroba
yvelaze arsebiTma “warsulis gadmonaSTmac” _ sabWoTa ideologiis inerciam _
rom yofiereba aris bazisi, cnobiereba ki _ zednaSeni; am logikiT,
saxelmwifo cnobiereba SesaZloa Camoyalibdes saxelmwifos
institucionaluri, ekonomikuri da a.S. gaZlierebis kvalobaze. bunebrivia, rom
saxelmwifos siZliere saxelmwifoebriv azrovnebasac myar safuZvels uqmnis;
30
magram, meores mxriv, uimedobiT, nihilizmiTa da arasrulfasovnebis
kompleqsiT Sepyrobili xalxi saxelmwifos ver Camoayalibebs. mediis rusi
mkvlevari sergei korkonosenko wers, rom axali “mecnierebaTa mecnierebis” _
informaciologiis SemqmnelTa TvalsazrisiT, “ara imdenad yofa gansazRvravs
cnobierebas, ramdenadac cnobiereba, informaciis formiT, gansazRvravs
samyaros.” (33, 74)
XX saukunis 80-90-iani wlebis qarTuli presis erT-erTi aqtualuri Tema
_ diskusia erovnuli ideologiis Taobaze, axali aTaswleulis presaSic iCens
Tavs, oRondac amjerad ukve marginalizebuli. anu, TandaTan cneba
“erovnulobam” presaSi devalvacia ganicada.
“albaT istoriul ideaTa da istoriul strategiaTa uwyvetobaa is Zala,
romelic ama Tu im sazogadoebas istoriis subieqtad hkravs da
funqcionaluradac miuCens adgils... Tu Tvals gadavavlebT Cveni
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bolo oci wlis istorias, Zneli araa davrwmundeT,
istoriul ideaTa rogori deficitis pirobebSi gviwevs arsebobac da qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis Senebac. es Zireuli saqme TiTqos raRac istoriuli
momentidan viRac sxvas gadavabareT da fundamentur ideaTa mxolod
importirebasRa vjerdebiT,” _ aRniSnavs filosofosi zaza firaliSvili. (71,
101-105) marTlac, iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom qarTuli mediis flagmanebi,
gansakuTrebiT 2000-2001 wlebis periodSi, erTgvarad niadags amzadeben
“importirebul ideaTa” aRqmisTvis. magaliTad, gazeTebis “rezonansisa” da
“alias” publikaciebSi cnebebi _ “saxelmwifo”, “erovnuli” Segnebuladaa
ignorirebuli da Tu gamokrTeba aqa-iq, isic usaTuod uaryofiT konteqstSi.
saqarTvelo ganixileba qveynad, romelsac, TiTqosda, xelsayreli
geopolitikuri mdebareobis garda, arc ukan _ warsulSi, arc win _ momavalSi
da, miT ufro, awmyoSi, saimedo, xelCasaWidi da saxelmwifoebriobis
ganmsazRvreli sxva perspeqtiva ar hqondes. es tendencia yvelgan igrZnoba _
politikaze, religiaze, erovnul rekvizitebsa Tu kulturaze msjelobisas da
aviTarebs arsebiT azrs _ rom erovnuloba CamorCenilobis, viwrokuTxurobis
maCvenebelia da xels uSlis demokratiis ganviTarebas. saxelmwifosadmi
masmediis amgvar damokidebulebas ukve bunebrivad mivyavarT im kondiciamde,
roca cneba “arSemdgari qveyana” SeCveuli sityva xdeba mkiTxvelisa Tu
mayureblisTvis da, cnobierad Tu qvecnobierad, gansazRvravs mis adekvatur
reaqcias.
pirobiTad, am periodis presa sam nakadad SeiZleba davyoT:

31
 erTi mxriv, “alia”, “rezonansi”, “axali versia” qmnian kliSeebs _
saqarTvelo _ arSemdgari qveyana, saSiSi qveyana, pankisi _ terorizmis bude,
SevardnaZe – miloSeviCi, wiTeli prezidenti, SevardnaZistebi _ retrogradebi,
Jvanias gundi _ reformatorebi;
“asaval-dasavali”, “dro”, “meoTxe”, “marTali gazeTi” _ reformatorebs
dasavleTis emisrebad miiCneven, masonuri mmarTvelobis safrTxeze da Jvania-
saakaSvilis warmomavlobaze msjeloben;
“dilis gazeTi”, “kviris palitra”, “axali Taoba”, “meridiani”/”axali
meridiani”, “droni”, “ganaxlebuli iveria” cdiloben erovnuli cnobierebis,
saxelmwifo azrovnebis gaaqtiurebas _ tradiciuli Rirebulebebis
SenarCunebiT.
miuxedavad ricxobrivi upiratesobisa, xsnebul gazeTebsa da plus kidev
sxva gamocemebs ar SeuZliaT gadafaron “aliasa” da “rezonansis”
sainformacio zegavlena, ramdenime arsebiTi faqtoris gamo: gavrcelebis
farTo geografiuli arealis, tiraJisa da reitingis garda, isini moqmedeben
gansazRvruli sainformacio strategiiT, razec ukve vamaxvilebdiT
yuradRebas t/k “rusTavi 2”-is magaliTze. (2001 wels, kompania “nikkolo m”-is
mier Catarebuli saqarTvelos mediabazris kvlevis Sedegad, “alia”,
“rezonansi” da ”axali versia” lideroben mkiTxvelTa ndobisa da kiTxvadobis
reitingSi; xolo “aliasa” da “rezonanss”, “kviris palitrasTan” erTad,
gavrcelebis yvelaze farTo areali aqvT.)*
erovnuli da saxelmwifo cnobierebis moSlis Sorsgamiznuli procesi
uwinaresad axalgazrdobisken iyo mimarTuli. pirvel rigSi swored maTze iyo
gaTvlili “dardubalas” seriali (t/k “rusTavi 2”), “rezonansis” “morige
redaqtoris Canawerebi”, “alias” publikaciebi, romlebic erTdroulad
aRvivebda religiur nihilizmsac da religiur eqstremizmsac; sainformacio
amindis Semqmneli masmediis mTavari Temebi _ destabilizaciis permanentuli
safrTxe, qveynis cxovrebis yvela sferoSi mxolod uaryofiTis Zieba, ufrosi
da saSualo Taobis mudmivi dadanaSauleba komunistur droSi cxovrebisaTvis
(im faqtoris ignorirebiT, rom maT droisa da qveynis arCeva ar SeeZloT),
saxelmwifos diskreditaciisaken mimarTuli sainformacio kampania da a.S.
Tu am TvalsazrisiT Tundac “rezonansis” “morige redaqtoris
Canawerebs” ganvixilavT, davrwmundebiT rom gazeTis am miniaturul “savizito
_________
* kvlevis Sedegis gamoyeneba SeTanxmebulia kompania “nikkolo m”-Tan.

32
baraTSi” akumulirebulia udidesi sabrZolo muxti da Seurigebloba sistemis,
mmarTvelobis, tradiciebis, ufrosi Taobisadmi da a.S. amasTan, misi enobrivi
qsovili _ Sav iumors Serwymuli slengi, “dardubalasac” exmaureba da kargad
esadageba Tineijerul gemovnebasa da ganwyobasac. “Canawerebis” pozicia
gamyarebulia anSlagebad gaSlili sapirvelgverdo saTaurebiTa da
karikaturebiT, romelTa mTavari “gmiria” prezidenti:
 “saqarTvelo sakoncentracio banakia”. (“rezonansi”, 26 Tebervali, 2001).
 “orosnebis qveyana” _ “rezonansi” yurs uwevs orosnebis meTaur wiTel
prezidents. (“rezonansi” 6 aprili, 2001).
 “aq odesRac saqarTvelo iyo...”; fotomontaJi _ saqarTvelos rukaze
ganfenili prezidentis fotoportreti. (“rezonansi”, 18 aprili, 2001).
 “saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi erTi homosapiensic ar urevia!”; karikatura
_ centrSi did gamoxrul Zvalze Semdgari prezidenti _ pirvelyofili
adamiani, CaquC-namgliani avgaroziT. (“rezonansi”, 14 aprili, 2001)* da a.S.
presis publikaciebis meore nakadi qveyanaSi arsebul mZime viTarebas
xsnis “importirebuli ideebisa” da erovnuli nihilizmis momZlavrebiT da am
process, pirdapir Tu iribad, akavSirebs “dasavluri yaidis” axalgazrda
politikosebTan, anu e.w. reformatorebTan:
 “samwuxaroa, rom is adamianebi, romlebic TiTqosda qmnian saqarTvelos
xvalindel dRes, erovnul ideasTan damokidebulebaSi nihilistebi arian.
es wminda wylis qarTuli paradoqsia, romlis msgavss, vTqvaT amerikeli,
koSmarul sizmarSic ver naxavs. amaSi Cans Cveni gamoucdeloba _
marTalia, ki gagvaCnia saxelmwifoebriobis aTaswlovani tradicia,
magram istoriuli gamocdilebis deficits mainc ganvicdiT”. (161)
 “Cveni qveynis ubedurebaSi ZiriTadi wvlilis Semtanni qarTvelebi arian.
aqedan modis gancdac, rom qarTvelebi arafris Rirsni varT. es tyuilia,
radgan maT metad seriozuli SemkveTebi hyavdaT. yovelive
dakavSirebulia erT did TeoriasTan, romelic Seiqmna dasavleTSi,
Zalian saintereso institutebSi.
es aris msoflio globalizaciis Teoria, romelsac erTi ki ara,
SemkveTTa mTeli erToblioba hyavs, romelic warmarTavs danarCen
______
*
disertaciis am monakveTSi gazeTebis/Jurnalebis da TariRebis aqve miTiTeba mniSvnelovania
saerTo konteqstisTvis. amitom, aqac da Semdgomac, iZulebuli varT davarRvioT periodikis
damowmebis standarti.

33
 msoflios... SiSveli amerikanizmi emsaxureba qarTuli erovnuli
saxelmwifoebrivi safuZvlebis moSlas. amas akeTeben smk sagangebo
emisrebi, romelTac lideris statusi aqvT boZebuli”. (130)
presis publikaciebis mesame nakadi cdilobs saxelmwifo azrovnebis
Camoyalibebis aucileblobisken miapyros sazogadoebis yuradReba. (am mxriv
yvelaze meti TanmimdevrobiT gamoirCeva “ganaxlebuli iveria”, romlis
publikaciebi mowmobs saqarTveloSi saxelmwifoebriobis Zlieri tradiciis
arsebobas. Tumc, am gazeTis perioduloba da statiebis specifika masobriv
mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis saSualebas ar iZleoda). am tipis publikaciebSi,
pirvel yovlisa, SeimCneva erovnuli nihilizmis, saxelmwifoebriobis eWvqveS
dayenebis gamomwvevi mizezebis gaanalizeba da im sayrdenis Zieba, romelsac
unda daefuZnos eris fsiqologiuri wonasworoba.
erT-erT sagazeTo publikaciaSi politologi givi boloTaSvili
Tanmimdevrulad ayalibebs im faqtorebs, romelTa mixedviTac saqarTvelo
arSemdgari saxelmwifoa: “saqarTvelo ver uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis
integracias, socialuri erTianobis sakiTxebis gadaWras, kanonis uzenaesobas,
moqalaqeTa interesebis dacvas, gareSe Tavdasxmebisgan qveynis dacvas,
ekonomikis saxelmwifo regulirebas, kulturul-aRmzrdelobiTi funqciis
ganxorcielebas da a.S. rac mTavaria, saqarTveloSi ver Seiqmna saSualo fena.
Sedegad, 5%-ia mdidarTa fena, danarCeni lumpenproletariatis donemdea
dayvanili.” (91).
igive problemebis saTaves mwerali erlom axvlediani gacilebiT Rrma
fesvebSi eZiebs, asaxelebs TiTqmis yvela ZiriTad obieqtur mizez-Sedegs da,
rac mTavaria, cdilobs maTi warmoSobac da mogvarebac daukavSiros ara
mxolod gareSe faqtorebs (rogorc es am tipis publikaciaTa umetesobaSi
gvxvdeba), aramed, dagvanaxos sakuTari braleulobac da sakuTari Zalebis
amoqmedebis gardauvali aucileblobac: “qaosi, romelSic amJamad Cven
vimyofebiT, mxolod Cveni brali ar aris. Cven xalxs uamravi saxadi erTbaSad
Seeyara, arada, maTgan TiToeuli SeiZleboda sabediswero gamxdariyo. Cveni
brali aq is aris rom maT Cven ver vuvliT, rogorc saxads, batonebs, ver
vuqmniT mSvid garemos, piriqiT, vaavebT Cveni dapirispirebiT, xmauriT. es
saxadi uamravia: socialuri wyobis Secvla, mopovebuli damoukidebloba,
Tavisufleba mravali mimarTulebiT, pluralizmi, kapitalis Tavdapirveli
dagrovebis mwvave procesi, eTnikuri problemebis damoukideblad regulireba,
Zveli da axali mentalitetis dajaxeba, usamarTlod warTmeuli teritoriebi,
orientaciis mkveTri Secvla, mezobel saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis

34
mogvareba, sarwmunoebrivi eqspansiebi, megobrebisa da mtrebis garCevis siZnele,
geopolitikuri mdgomareobis sirTule da a.S. yovelive amas, am qaosur
mdgomareobas, Znelia mouZebno saerTo maCvenebeli, erTiani sayrdeni, romelic
Cven Cvensave TavSi unda vipovoT, radgan Cven Tu aseTi sayrdeni Sin ver
vipoveT, maSin bunebrivia “megobari” qveynebis siZliereSi unda vipovoT axali
“mfarveli”, anda Zvels davubrundeT”. (87)
es vrceli citata movixmeT imis sailustraciodac, presis WeSmariti
Tavisuflebis, damoukideblobisa da obieqturobis pirobebSi, ra ZiriTadi
parametrebi unda qceuliyo mis prioritetad.
saxelmwifo azrovnebis gaaqtiurebisken mimarTuli publikaciebis
nimuSad movixmobT kidev erT magaliTs _ sazRvris dacvis departamentis
Tavmjdomaris, valeri CxeiZis intervius gazeT “kviris palitrasTan”. “Cven
unda gvqondes naTlad gamokveTili erovnuli modeli saxelmwifoebriobisa,
dayrdnobili istoriul tradiciebsa da fsiqologiaze. saqarTvelom didi
saxelmwifoebis politikur TamaSebSi gamsvleli an Sesawiri paikis roli ki
ar unda iTamaSos, aramed Cvens qveyanas sakuTari myari da Zlieri adgili,
Tavisi misia unda hqondes am urTules da Znel “saWadrako dafaze”, _ acxadebs
maRalCinosani saxelmwifo moxele da miiCnevs, rom saamisod saqarTvelos
sWirdeba neitraliteti. (interviu valeri CxeiZesTan, “kviris palitra”, 27
noemberi, 2000).F
miuxedavad imisa, rom am periodisTvis (2000-2001 wlebi) saqarTvelo
dasavlur Rirebulebebsa da demokratiis mSeneblobaze orientirebul qveynad
iTvleboda, presaSi naklebad gvxvdeba publikaciebi, romlebSic axsnilia
demokratiuli ganviTarebis arsi, gardamavali demokratiis Tavisebureba da
problemebi, saqarTvelos winaSe mdgomi konkretuli amocanebi da a.S.
demokratia umTavresad xsendeba zogad konteqstSi, an, sityvis Tavisuflebis,
pirovnebis uflebis Selaxvis sababiT. ra Tqma unda, gvxvdeba gamonaklisebic.
magaliTis saxiT moviSveliebT gazeT “axali Taobis” publikacias _ “rodis
ganviTardeba saqarTveloSi demokratia?”, romlis avtori, Jurnalisti lado
mkervaliSvili profesiulad warmarTavs msjelobas da qarTuli presisTvis
Cveuli subieqtur-emociuri damokidebulebis nacvlad, movlenebis pragmatul
xedvas iCens: “saxelmwifos winaSe sul sxva amocanebi da miznebi dgas. maTi
formulireba ki erTi sityviT SeiZleba _ gadarCena. roca es problemebi
gadaiWreba, demokratiis damyarebisaTvis yvela barieri moixsneba. qarTveli
eri Tavisi mentalitetiT Tu fsiqologiiT yovelTvis demokrati iyo da es
misTvis axali xili ar aris... saqarTveloSi demokratia ganviTardeba mas

35
Semdeg, rac wamoiwevs ekonomika, gaerTiandeba sazogadoeba da amaRldeba
erovnuli TviTSegneba. demokratia, rogorc wesi, siRatakeSi ar xarobs.” (141)
2002 wels saqarTveloSi aSS-is “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” programis
dawyebam masmediis ganwyoba sagrZnobad gadaxara optimizmisaken da,
Sesabamisad, iklo agresiam, sainformacio aJiotaJebma, Serbilda saxelmwifosa
da prezidentisaken mimarTuli uaryofiTi aqcentebi. am periodSi ukve
“rezonansis” pirvel gverdebze aRar Cndeba sarkastuli karikaturebi “mTavari
gmiriT” _ “prezidentiT”, Seicvala “morige redaqtoris Canawerebis” paTosic,
saxelmwifosa da prezidentis Seuracxmyofeli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am
TvalsazrisiT “rezonansi” erTgvari indikatoria, romlis mixedviTac SeiZleba
vimsjeloT saxelmwifos cxovrebaSi momxdar Tvisobriv cvlilebaze.
“wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programa ar unda CaiSalos” _ ase asaTaurebs
“rezonansis” wamyvani Jurnalisti eliso CafiZe publikacias, romelSic
mkafiod gamoxatavs Tavis Jurnalistur pozicias da, faqtobrivad, ara
mxolod mkiTxvels, kolegebsac mouwodebs saxelmwifoebrivi
erTsulovnebisken: “... dRes saqarTveloSi arsebuli situacia aravis, arc
jariskacs, arc ers da arc bers imis uflebas ar aZlevs spontanuri da
emociuri gadawyvetilebebi miiRos. erTi didi mwerlis Tqmisa ar iyos,
samSoblo xaWapuri ar aris da yvelanairi unda giyvardes. unda giyvardes
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca is daZabunebulia da uWirs. Cven ki xandaxan
windauxedaobiTa Tu siCqariT, zogjer mizanmimarTulad, iseT frazas da
braldebas visvriT, rac saqarTvelos daxmarebis survils nebismier qveyanas
gauqrobda”. (164)
“rezonansisa” da zogierTi sxva gamocemis tonisa da aqcentis Secvla
kidev erTma garemoebam ganapiroba _ 2001 wlis oqtomber-noembris movlenebis
(romlis drosac zurab Jvania parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadadga)
Semdgom periodSi sainformacio amindis Semqmneli masmediis “monopolizebis”
faqtori aSkarad Sesustda da, Sesabamisad, ganelda saxelmwifosa da
prezident SevardnaZis uaryofiT imijze momuSave sainformacio muxti.
demokratiis, prodasavlurobis, korufciasTan brZolis Sirmis miRma aSkara
saxelisuflebo brZolis interesis gamJRavnebamac Seitana koreqtivi
JurnalistTa garkveuli nawilis xedvaSi. am daskvnis gasamyareblad
moviSveliebT arasamTavrobo seqtoris TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis, gigi
TevzaZis mosazrebas (wignidan “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”) imis
Taobaze, rom “Jvaniasac sWirdeboda liberaluri demokratiis sayrdeni”, anu
arasamTavrobo seqtorisa da mediis “Ria mxardaWera” “Zalauflebis sakuTari

36
sqemis” Sesadgenad. (25, .20) zurab Jvanias gavlenas mediaze momdevno nakveTebSi
SevexebiT, aq ki davZenT, rom es gavlena parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan misi
gadadgomiT erTbaSad ar gaqarwylebula, magram gacilebiT Sesustda.
am qveTavis dasawyisSi, “arSemdgar saxelmwifosTan” mimarTebaSi,
Segnebulad ar SevexeT ruseTis faqtors, radgan es, obieqturi faqtoris
garda, erTgvari kliSea, romelsac saanalizo periodis qarTuli presa
mudmivad iSveliebs da lamis yovelgvari ubedurebis saTaved saxavs.
sagangebod gadmovanacvleT es Tema qveTavis am monakveTSi, sadac qarTul
presaSi saxelmwifo interesis gamoxatvis simptomebis gaCenas SevexeT. presis
versiebs saqarTveloSi ganviTarebul destabilizaciur situaciebTan ruseTis
mimarTebis Taobaze erT-erT momdevno qveTavSi SvexebiT. aq ki movixmobT ara
qarTuli an rusuli mediis interpretaciebs, aramed ruseTis “sagareo
politikis nacionaluri laboratoriis”* internet-saitze 2002 wlis agvistoSi
ganTavsebul analitikur masalas _ “politikuri situacia saqarTveloSi”. mis
erT-erT qveTavSi _ “saqarTvelos daxasiaTeba da ruseTis interesebi”,
saqarTvelo asea warmodgenili: “amerikul da rusul masmediaSi saqarTvelos
axasiaTeben, rogorc “arSemdgar saxelmwifos”. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ar
ZaluZs Tavad uzrunvelyos Tavisi mTlianoba da usafrTxoeba da mudmivad
sWirdeba gareSe daxmareba... saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi sisustis Sedegad,
ruseTisaTvis iseTi rutinuli procedurac ki, rogoricaa adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi, saqarTveloSi iwvevs xelCarTul brZolas, quCis
Setakebebs, srolebs da qveyanaSi situaciis destabilizaciis safrTxes qmnis”.
am qveTavSi ganmartebuli ar aris, raSi mdgomareobs “ruseTis interesi”,
magram, rogorc Cans, igulisxmeba, rom igi isedac gasagebia. (58)
rusi eqspertebis poziciisgan diametralurad gansxvavebulia nato-Si aSS-is
yofili elCis, robert hanteris mosazreba saqarTveloze. misi azriT,
“saqarTvelo araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar aris arSemdgari qveyana da arc iqceva
aseTad”. igi saqarTvelos, winsvlis mixedviT, postsabWoTa qveynebis sameulSi
an oTxeulSi Tvlis, eduard SevardnaZes ki _ yvelaze demokratiulad
danarCen postsabWour liderebs Soris. (118)

___________
* xsenebuli laboratoria 2002 welsaa dafuZnebuli; misi prezidentia cnobili politologi
da politteqnologi gleb pavlovski. rogorc Cans, laboratoriam erT-erT pirvel sagareo-
politikur faqtorad saqarTvelos faqtori miiCnia da fundamenturad Seiswavla da
gaaanaliza misi saSinao da sagareo politikis TiTqmis yvela arsebiTi problema.

37
 daaxloebiT aseTi sainformacio ganwyobiTaa warmodgenili saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos zogadi saxe presaSi “vardebis revoluciamde”.
SedarebisTvisEsainteresoa, rogor figurirebs am periodis saqarTvelo
saeqsperto SefasebebSi. 2003 wlis mdgomareobiT, politologi gia nodia
(saeqsperto naSromSi _ “demokratiis Seqmnis ori mcdeloba saqarTveloSi:
TxuTmetwliani gzis Sejameba”) saqarTvelos miakuTvnebs qveynebs, romlebmac
demokratiis mimarTulebiT ramdenime sawyisi nabiji gadadges da sadRac Sua
gzaze, “nacrisfer zonaSi” gaCerdnen; misi momavlis perspeqtiva sam scenars
Soris meryeobs: seriozuli winsvla demokratiis mimarTulebiT;
avtoritaruli sistemisken dabruneba; kidev didxans darCena arsebul
gaurkvevlobaSi. (55, 38)
2005 wlis, anu postrevoluciuri saqarTvelo, “mSvidobis, demokratiisa
da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri institutis” gamocemaSi (koordinator-redaqtorebi
gia nodia da alvaro pinto sqoltbaxi), asea Sefasebuli: “saqarTvelo
cnobilia, rogorc politikurad arastabiluri saxelmwifo, rac demokratiaze
gadasvlis (tranziciis) mravaljerad mcdelobaSi gamoixata... (xazi avtoris, _
l.k.) 2003 wlis noembris vardebis revolucia saqarTveloSi demokratiuli
transformaciis kidev erTi mcdelobaa... mTavari gamowveva, rac saqarTvelos
demokratiis winaSe dgas, isaa, rom 2003 wlis noemberi saqarTvelos istoriaSi
Sevides rogorc “revolucia, romelmac yvela revolucia daasrula.” (xazi
Cvenia, _ l.k.) es gulisxmobs, rom unda moxdes demokratiuli institutebis
konsolidacia da Zalauflebis konstituciuri cvlac rutinul procedurad
unda iqces.” (64, 5-9)
“vardebis revoluciam”, rogorc disertaciis pirvel nakveTSi aRvniSneT,
masmedias daukarga wamyvani pozicia, magram daexmara axali funqciis SeZenaSi
_ mediis meSveobiT Camoyalibeba daiwyo saqarTvelos axalma imijma.
saqarTvelo, pirvel rigSi, asocirdeba cnobad saxelmwifosTan; qveyana,
romelsac didi Zalisxmeva uxdeboda Tavisi arsebobis dasafiqsireblad,
saerTaSoriso yuradRebis obieqti gaxda. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara mxolod
xmauriani sainformacio sababebi (vardebis revoluciis rezonansi, aWaraSi
ganviTarebuli movlenebi da a.S.), aramed saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis
saqmiani daintereseba.
sanimuSod moviSveliebT Tundac sam sainformacio sababs:
2004 wlis ivnisSi, briuselSi, evrokavSiris egidiT gamarTuli
saqarTvelos donorTa saerTaSoriso konferenciis gaSuqebis fonze,
saqarTvelo presaSi figurirebs rogorc saxelmwifo, romelsac evropa ukve

38
aRiqvams ara mxolod geografiul, aramed msoflmxedvelobriv da kulturul
mezoblad; rogorc qveyana, romlis mimarTac ucxoeli partniorebi,
dainteresebasTan erTad, kompetenturobasa da informirebulobasac amJRavneben.
msoflioSi Seqmnili viTareba unikaluri Sansia saqarTvelosTvis _
daaxloebiT aseTia presis saerTo aqcenti. 1 miliardi dolari _
donorebisagan; 400 milionamde (sami wlis ganmavlobaSi) _ “aTaswleulis
gamowvevis korporaciisgan”; 12 mln _ evrokavSirisgan; “mTavari gazeTis”
azriT, donorebis amgvari xelgaSliloba dasavleTisagan saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis dadebiT Sefasebaze miuTiTebs. amave dros, Tbiliss
kategoriulad afrTxileben, rom miliarddolariani daxmareba ukanaskneli
Sansia saqarTvelosTvis. miuxedavad imisa rom qarTvelebisagan bolo aTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi msgavsi Sinaarsis gancxadebebi araerTxel mousmeniaT,
briuselSi mainc irwmunes saqarTvelos premier ministris optimisturi
prognozi _ “sam weliwadSi saqarTvelo Tavad daexmareba sxvebs.” (“mTavari
gazeTi”, 22 ivnisi, 2004) evropuli politikis centrSi gamosvlisas premier-
ministrma zurab Jvaniam aRniSna, rom evropam aRiara saqarTvelos evropuli
ambicia. presa yuradRebas amaxvilebs im faqtze, rom am centrSi Sexvedrisas
TvalSisacemi iyo ucxoelTa kompetenturoba saqarTvelos sakiTxebSi.
presis SefasebiT, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebriobam es milionobiT
dolari qarTuli revoluciis Sedegis _ axali qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
ganviTarebaSi daabanda; Cveni qveynis damoukideblobis mTavari garanti
interesTa pragmatuli Tanxvedraa; raki investiciaTa raodenoba ukve aTniSna
cifrebiT ganisazRvreba, dasavleTi saqarTvelos ase advilad ar daTmobs.
luqsemburgSi, evrokavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrebis sabWos sxdomaze
miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT, saqarTvelo, azerbaijansa da somxeTTan erTad,
oficialurad CaerTo “evropis samezoblo politikaSi”. am gadawyvetilebiT
evrokavSirma oficialurad daadastura, rom samxreT kavkasiaSi mimdinare
procesebSi ufro aqtiur monawileobas apirebs.
2004 wlis noember-dekemberSi, ukrainis “narinjisferi revoluciis”
rezonansiT, ara mxolod “vardebis revoluciis” paraleli Cndeba _ presa
argumentirebulad msjelobs, ras gulisxmobda “qarTuli revoluciis
eqsporti”, ra niSniT unda iqces saqarTvelo _ jer kidev susti da
konfliqturi regionebis mqone saxelmwifo, demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da
stabilurobis misabaZ magaliTad mTeli regionisa da postsabWoTa
sivrcisaTvis. Tanac, ukrainaSi saprezidento arCevnebis SedegebiT gamowveulma
revoluciurma mRelvarebam, romelic eqspertTa SefasebiT, metismetad

39
gaWianurda, cxadyo, rom msgavsi procesis “iolad mogvarebis” qarTuli
modeli marTlac miesadageba dasavlel strategTa idealisturi politikis
Teoriebs.
2005 wlis maisSi, aSS-is prezidentis jorj buSis viziti TbilisSi,
momgebiani sainformacio sababi iyo presaSi saqarTvelos imijis pozitiuri
pozicionirebisTvis. “mTavar gazeTTan” interviuSi, “gardamavali
demokratiebis” proeqtis xelmZRvaneli brius jeqsoni acxadebda, rom
“saqarTvelo namdvilad lideria kavkasiaSi, Savi zRvis regionis qveynebSi,
evropis erT nawilSi da centralur aziaSic. ukraina Tanalideria.” (120)
jorj buSis vizitis rezonanss presaSi sagangebod SevexebiT disertaciis
erT-erT momdevno nakveTSi; aq ki yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT kidev erT niuansze
_ “vardebis revoluciam” ara mxolod saqarTvelos sagareo imijze moaxdina
pozitiuri zegavlena, qveynis SigniTac arsebiTad Seicvala saxelmwifosadmi
damokidebuleba _ nihilizmidan optimizmisaken. aRsaniSnavia, rom “gorbi” _
“gelap interneiSenalis” mier 2004 wlis miwuruls Catarebuli sociologiuri
gamokiTxvis SedegiT, saqarTvelo, optimizmis mixedviT, msoflios 65 qveyanas
Soris meore adgilze aRmoCnda. (msoflios 50-ze meti qveynis “gelapis”
institutebi, yoveli wlis bolos adgenen mosaxleobis optimizmis maCvenebels,
anu sazogadoebis damokidebulebas momavlis mimarT. 2004 wlis optimist
qveyanaTa aTeuli aseTia: tunisi, vietnami _ 72%, saqarTvelo _ 71%, CineTi,
hong kongi, quveiTi _ 70%, kosovo _ 67%, panama _ 66%, aSS _ 65%, avstralia _
61%.) (160)

 dasavleTi Tu ruseTi?
(saxelmwifos orientaciis problemis aspeqtebi presaSi)

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis saTavesTan, gasuli saukunis 90-iani

wlebis damdegs, qarTul presas, gazeT ”mamulis” winamZRolobiT, cxare
diskusia hqonda gamarTuli _ ra orientacia, saxelmwifo mowyobis ra modeli,
ra ekonomikuri strategia unda aerCia saqarTvelos, rom igi WeSmaritad
damoukidebel (de iure, de faqto) qveynad Camoyalibebuliyo. drom male
gamoaCina, rom deklarirebuli damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebis gadazrda
realur damoukideblobaSi rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi procesia. am Temis
ganvrcoba Cveni Temisa da kompetenciis farglebs scildeba; amdenad,
SevecdebiT mokled CamovayaliboT Temis ganviTarebis dinamika saanalizo
periodis qarTul presaSi.
40
 damoukideblobis gamocxadebis pirvel wlebSi, azrTa sxvadasxvaobis
miuxedavad, qarTuli presis meSveobiT gacxadebuli saerTo ideali (Tu
SeiZleba ase iTqvas), iyo saqarTvelos neitraliteti. miuxedavad imisa, rom
mocemul drosa da sivrceSi es utopiuri idea iyo; miuxedavad imisa, rom
mogvianebiT saqarTvelom oficialurad gaaJRera evroatlantikur sivrceSi
integraciisken swrafva, neitralitetis Tema xangamoSvebiT isev iCenda Tavs
presaSi, oRondac, ara Jurnalisturi an saredaqcio iniciativiT; ZiriTadad, es
ukavSirdeboda saarCevno kampaniis periodebs, an, gamoiyeneboda nato-sTan
saqarTvelos mimarTebis gaaqtiurebisas “Temis gadasafarad.”
saqarTvelos mier saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mopovebisTanave,
saxelmwifoebrivi TviTgamorkvevis procesSi, gaCnda dilema _ dasavleTi Tu
ruseTi?! amTaviTve aRvniSnavT, rom wlebis manZilze, sagareo prioritetebze
msjelobisa Tu nebismieri sxva sababiT am Temis warmoSobisas, presis
aqcentebi, upiratesad, swored am ori polusisken miemarTeba.
kvlevaSi _ “saqarTvelo samxreT kavkasiis regionis konteqstSi”, daviT
darCiaSvili ase ayalibebs saqarTvelos politikuri arCevanis
winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs: “saqarTvelos adgils samxreT kavkasiis regionuli
politikis konteqstSi, upirveles yovlisa, misi sagareo politikuri arCevani
gansazRvravs. am arCevanis ZiriTadi orientiria diqotomia _ dasavleTi-ruseTi:
pirvelis xibli da meoris SiSi. saxelmwifo institutebis sisustis fonze
qarTuli sagareo politika, arsebiTad, gadarCenisaTvis brZola, arsebobis
garantiaTa Ziebaa. amasTan, zogjer Zneli gasarkvevia, saqme exeba qveynis Tu
saxelisuflebo reJimis gadarCenas. Sedegad, politika ekleqturobis elfers
iZens, Tumca mainc dominirebs dasavlur, evroatlantikur samyaroSi
integrirebis ocneba. saqarTvelos xelisuflebas aqvs met-naklebad stabiluri
idea _ qveynisaTvis dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris satranzito koridoris
funqciis SeZena.” (17, 25)
Cveni saanalizo periodis aTvlis wertilisTvis, anu 2000 wlisTvis,
saqarTvelos sagareo prioriteti _ dasavluri veqtori ukve gamokveTili iyo,
magram presaSi (iseve, rogorc qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi)
jer kidev Zlieria rusuli faqtoris gavlena, ruseTis primati maSinac ki
igrZnoba, roca mis ignorirebas cdiloben; ruseTTan mimarTebaSi yvelaze
TvalsaCinod ikveTeba qarTuli presis midrekileba kliSeebisa da
stereotipebisaken; erT-erTi mTavari kliSe _ “ori ruseTi”, romelic wlebis
manZilze figurirebda ruseTTan urTierTobis Temis ganviTarebisas, bolo
periodis qarTul presaSi TiTqmis aRar gvxvdeba (igi Caanacvla daskvnam, rom

41
araviTari ori ruseTi ar arsebobs); samagierod, TiTqmis ucvleli darCa
kliSe _ ruseTi “mtris xatis” rolSi. (TiTqos paradoqsia, magram didi
ruseTic aseTive warmatebiT qmnis saqarTvelosgan “mtris xats”).
unda aRiniSnos, rom presaSi ruseTisadmi negatiuri damokidebulebis
gamoxatvas safuZvlad udevs ara rusofobia (iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda),
aramed, aqcenti mis imperiul arsze. amasTan, umeteswilad, saqarTvelos
masmediaSi antirusuli kampaniis gaZliereba gamoZaxilia rusuli masmediis
antiqarTuli isteriisa. Tavis mxriv, qarTuli masmediis mier rusuli Temis
uaryofiT konteqstSi aJitireba ruseTSi hpovebs gamoZaxils. oRondac, aSkaraa
sainformacio omis uTanabroba. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos
saerTaSoriso rezonansis gaZlierebam es uTanabroba garkveulwilad
gaaneitrala. Cveni azriT, mizanmimarTuli sainformacio strategiis wyalobiT,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam moaxerxa ruseTis statusis, rogorc saqarTvelos
teritoriaze arsebul konfliqtebSi “mesame mxaris”, Secvla da Riad uwoda
mas konfliqtebis monawile mxare, konfliqtebis gamCaRebeli da, ufro metic,
aneqsori. miuxedavad amisa, 2005 wels miRebul saqarTvelos erovnuli
usafrTxoebis koncefciaSi, ruseTi ganxilulia ara rogorc mteri
saxelmwifo, aramed rogorc partniori, azerbaijanTan da somxeTTan erTad
(strategiul partniorebad saxeldeba aSS, ukraina da TurqeTi). (64, 45)
SevecdebiT, mokled mimovixiloT presaSi sagareo prioritetebis asaxvis
ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. mTavari tendencia am TemasTan mimarTebaSi isev da isev
Temis politizeba, personificireba da pirovnul/klanuri dapirispirebebis
WrilSi warmosaxvaa; am fonze ikargeba problemis arsi da wina planze iwevs
konkretuli mizani (arc Tu iSviaTad _ umiznoba an problemis gauazrebloba),
romelsac emsaxureba am Temis musireba Sesabamis konteqstSi.
2000-2001 wlebSi CrdiloeT-dasavleTis vnebaTaRelva presaSi ZiriTadad
trialebs, erTis mxriv, eduard SevardnaZisa da, meores mxriv, e.w.
“reformatorebis” (anu, “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” axalgazrduli frTa, Jvania-
saakaSvilis gundi) garSemo. sainformacio amindis ganmsazRvrel masmediaSi
Seqmnili suraTiT, orientaciis mixedviT saqarTvelos politelita ase
warmoCindeba: prezidenti, misi garemocva (simbolurad _ kancelaria) _
retrogradebi, anu ruseTze orientirebulni; personalurad prezidenti
eduard SevardnaZe _ xan erT, xan meore mxares gadaxrili, xanac _ am or
poluss Soris “moTamaSe”; e.w. “reformatorebi”, anu ZiriTadad smk-s
axalgazrduli frTa _ “dasavlurebi”, zurab Jvania _ prodasavluri lideri;
aRiarebuli “ruseTumeebi” _ aslan abaSiZe (igulisxmeba partia “aRorZinebac”),

42
socialistebi, vaxtang rCeuliSvilis liderobiT, komunistebi, panteleimon
giorgaZis meTaurobiT, parlamentis vice-spikeri vaxtang goguaZe...
moviSveliebT or vrcel citatas, romlebSic, faqtobrivad, asaxulia im
periodSi dasavlur-rusuli veqtorebisadmi damokidebulebis stereotipi:
 “Jvania-saakaSvilis gundma yvelaferi gaakeTa dasavleTisadmi snoburi,
ukiduresad provinciuli damokidebulebis reanimirebisTvis.
paralelurad, igive gundi yvelafers akeTebs ruseTTan urTierTobis
rac SeiZleba metad dasaZabavad. maTi msjelobis logika amgvaria: Cven
rac SeiZleba metad gavamwvavebT urTierTobas Crdiloel mezobelTan.
Tu igi sapasuxod mimarTavs agresiul qmedebas, saqarTvelo,
rasakvirvelia, absoluturad verafers daupirispirebs, magram mova
civilizebuli dasavleTi da Wkuas aswavlis ruseTs.” (140)
 “es publikacia (saubaria zemoT citirebul publikaciaze _ l.k.) agrZelebs im
antidasavlur propagandistul kampanias, romelic miznad isaxavs
saqarTvelos politikuri kursis sawinaaRmdego ideologiuri fonis
Seqmnas _ im azris damkvidrebas, rom dasavluri civilizacia ucxoa
qarTvelebisaTvis genetikurad, kulturulad, eTnofsiqologiurad,
istoriulad, politikurad da seqsualuradac ki. samagierod, axloa
ruseTi. saTave da mizezi am kampaniis aris ruseTis survili, SeinarCunos
samxedro bazebi da politikuri gavlena saqarTveloSi, magram,
jerjerobiT, Riad ver moqmedebs da kmayofildeba saqarTvelos
xelisuflebaSi da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli im Zalebis xelSewyobiT,
romelTac uxilavi ZafebiT marTavs.” (135)
es ori diametralurad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi imiTacaa
sayuradRebo, rom erTis avtori saqarTvelos prezidentis mrCevelia, meorisa
ki _ parlamentari (Jvanias gundis wevri). bunebrivia, rom kancelariis
moxeleebsa da parlamentarebs Tundac saxelmwifo politikis gamosaxatavad
unificirebuli azrebi ver eqnebodaT (da arc unda hqonodaT), magram amgvari
radikalizmi qveynis orientaciis didmniSvnelovan problemasTan mimarTebaSi,
presis meSveobiT tons aZlevda sazogadoebis aseve radikalur
damokidebulebas.
amave periodSi (2000 wlis gazafxulze), presaSi ikveTeba tendencia, rom
saqarTvelo xdeba regionSi gavlenisaTvis ruseT-aSS-is brZolis asparezi.
sayuradReboa gazeT “dronis” saredaqcio statia (“saqarTvelos adgili da
roli kavkasiaSi aSS-sa da natos strategiul mimarTulebebSi”), romelSic
ganxilulia ruseTis dumis dsT-s saqmeTa komitetis analitikosebis mier
43
dumisTvis wardgenili moxseneba. moxsenebis avtorebi “SeSfoTebuli arian
regionSi amerikuli da dasavluri daswrebis gamo” da guliswyromas
gamoTqvamen ruseTis mmarTveli elitis mimarT, romelmac saqarTveloSi
rusofilia gaaCaRa. (101) gazeT “7 dRis” publikaciaSi viTardeba versia, rom
postsabWour sivrceSi moskovisa da vaSingtonis konkurencia, SesaZloa,
“afxazeTisTvis iqces WeSmaritebis momentad”; vinaidan konfliqtis gadawyvetis
TvalsazrisiT ruseTs afxazeTSi gacilebiT meti berketebi aqvs, vidre
yarabaRSi (raki iq misi “samSvidobo Zalebi” ar arian ganlagebuli), moskovi
ueWvelad Seecdeba “daaswros” amerikas am regionSi mainc”. (162)
sagangebod aRvniSnavT gazeT “rezonansSi” gamoqveynebul erT
publikacias, romelic exeba msoflio politikis institutis evroaziuli
kvlevis programis direqtoris, ian bremeris “sakmaod arasaxarbielo
gancxadebas”. movixmobT citatas: “bremeris sityvebiT, postsabWouri epoqis
sawyis periodSi amerika cdilobda kavkasiaze ruseTis istoriuli gavlena
Seemcirebina, regionis energoresursebze dabali fasebis gamo, Tumca,
“vaSingtonma maSin ver gansazRvra, rogori iqneboda misi axali, hegemonuri
sagareo politika”... zogierTi proeqti, magaliTad, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis
milsadeni, swored ruseTis gavlenis dakninebisaken aris mimarTuli, magram
dRes msgavsi protesti Zalas kargavs... rac Seexeba saqarTvelosa da
azerbaijanis nato-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtivas, profesor ian bremeris TqmiT,
amis Soreuli SesaZleblobac ki ar arsebobs.” (“rezonansi”, 14 maisi, 2000).
SesaZloa, bremeris mier ganviTarebuli Tvalsazrisi am etapze ufro
aqtualuri iyos, radgan, nato-Si gawevrianeba da baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis
milsadenis meSveobiT regionSi saqarTvelos geostrategiuli mniSvnelobis
gamyareba, realobisgan ufro daSorebuli perspeqtiva aRmoCnda, vidre es im
periodSi SeiZleboda gvevarauda (presaSi ganviTarebuli versiebis mixedviT,
jer nato-Si da Semdgom evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos gaerTianeba 2008-10
wlebisTvis iyo prognozirebuli).
regionSi gavlenisaTvis ruseT-aSS-is brZolis konteqstSi saintereso
iqneba gavixsenoT cnobili amerikeli politologis, semuel hanTingTonis
koncefcia ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris balansis gansazRvrisa, romlis
mixedviTac orive mxare unda SeTanxmdes principuli Tanasworobisa da
TiToeulis gavlenis sferoebis Sesaxeb: “praqtikulad es imas niSnavs, rom
ruseTi daTanxmdeba evrokavSirisa da nato-s gafarToebas, maTSi centraluri
da aRmosavleT evropis dasavlurqristianuli qveynebis CarTvas, dasavleTi ki
valdebulebas aiRebs ar gaafarToos nato ufro aRmosavleTiT _ Tuki ukraina

44
ar gaixliCeba or saxelmwifod.” hanTingTonis xedviT, dasavluri
civilizaciis Zalis SesanarCuneblad, aSS-sa da evropuli saxelmwifoebis
interesSi unda iyos ruseTis aRiareba marTlmadidebluri samyaros birTv
saxelmwifod, romelsac aqvs Tavisi samxreTi sazRvrebis usafrTxoebasTan
dakavSirebuli kanonieri interesebi. (78). rogorc er-erT momdevno nakveTSi
(“buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi”) vnaxavT, dasavleTis/aSS-is swrafva
gavlenis sferoebis gafarToebisken gascda am areals; aman, arsebiTad,
ganapiroba Cveni qveynis deklarirebuli dasavluri orientaciis Tanmdevi
kataklizmebi.
2001 wlis dekembridan zemoTCamoyalibebulma “sqemam” (politelitis
sagareo orientaciis) presaSi, erTi SexedviT arc Tu ise mkveTri, magram, Cveni
azriT, arsebiTi transformacia ganicada; parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan
zurab Jvanias gadadgomis Semdeg axalgazrda “reformatorTa” sagareo
orientacia ufro metad gaxda presis gansjis sagani; maTi “dasavluroba” isev
figurirebs presis publikaciebSi, magram ufro intensiuri xdeba aqcenti maT
“rusul kavSirebze”. gazeTi “droni”, magaliTad, mianiSnebs am cvlilebaze: “...
amerikelebi ukve acxadeben, rom mxars uWeren reformebs da ara
“reformatorebs”. (170); gazeTi “axali meridiani” ki pirdapir brals debs
axalgazrda reformatorebs: “Jvania-saakaSvili-merabiSvilis gunds misces
davaleba, rom rogorme saqarTveloSi gaRvivdes samoqalaqo dapirispireba.
maTi es ganzraxva Tu ganxorcielda, saqarTvelos aucileblad daaCoqeben.
1991-1992 wlebSi rusebma erTxel ukve dagvaCoqes. Tu igive ganmeorda, amas
veRar gadavurCebiT. es aris ruseTis specsamsaxurebis gegma, Canafiqri,
romelsac Jvania-saakaSvilis gundi asrulebs. es aSkarad Cans”. (“axali
meridiani”, 14.12.2001).
“dilis gazeTis” analitikur publikaciaSi, romelic pozitiuri
rakursiT warmoaCens “axalgazrda reformatorebs” da maT dasavlur
orientacias, amavdroulad, rusul kavSirebzec maxvildeba yuradReba: “isini
mwyralad arc ruseTTan arian. amas mowmobs ara imdenad maTi saarCevno
kampaniis rusuli finansebi, aramed irakli CubiniSvilis axlo kavSirebi
rusul politikur istebliSmentTan da Zmebi beJuaSvilebis aseve aranakleb
intensiuri urTierTobebi rusul kapitalTan.” (103)
“reformatorTa” “ormag standartze” politologebic mianiSneben: “isini
yovelTvis TamaSoben orive, anu, dasavleTisa da ruseTis mimarTulebiT”, _
acxadebs ramaz sayvareliZe “kviris palitrasTan” interviuSi. (117). am tipis
mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT, “kviris palitra” ayalibebs sagulisxmo formulas,

45
rom saqarTveloSi amerikuli fuliT rusuli interesi finansdeba. am
formulas exmianeba mweral elizbar javeliZis Tvalsazrisic: “ruseTica da
dasavleTic mixvdnen, mxolod erovnul talRaze mosul xelisuflebas
SeuZlia xalxis gaerTianeba, amitomac “Semoagores” cru-nacionaluri
moZraobis talRa, romelic garedan imarTeba.” (116)
orientaciis veqtoris qronologiur cvlilebas, Jurnalisti ia anTaZe
ase warmoadgens:
1992-1995 wlebSi politikur procesebs mTlianad ruseTi marTavda;
1995 wlis teraqtis Semdeg prorusuli Zalebis Seviwroeba da dasavluri
orientaciis Zalebis gaZliereba daiwyo. 1998 wlidan daiwyo medasavleTe
Zalebis “gadasrola” parlamentidan mTavrobaSi; politikuri logikiT,
erTiani procesis meore etapi, anu dasavluri orientaciis Zalebis gaZliereba,
unda dasrulebuliyo Tavad Jvanias gadasvliT aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi,
kerZod, premier-ministris postze. meore etapi marTlac maSin dasrulda,
rodesac Jvania dasaxelda premierobis kandidatad, magram saxelisuflo
Zalebis erTiani winaaRmdegobis Sedegad, premieri ver gaxda;
erTiani procesis mesame etapi daiwyo prezidentis gadadgomiT
moqalaqeTa kavSiris Tavmjdomaris postidan. eduard SevardnaZis es
gadawyvetileba unda miviCnioT adekvatur reaqciad prodasavluri Zalebis
damarcxebaze. prezidenti yovelTvis miiCneoda medasavleTe orientaciis
burjad. boloxans ganviTarebuli movlenebis fonze ki mas ori arCevaniRa
darCa: an unda miatovos medasavleTeTa banaki da politikur metoqeebs Caudges
saTaveSi, an unda darCes medasavleTeTa liderad, magram damarcxebuli gundi
sxva, axali medasavleTeebiT Caanacvlos.” (82)
es analitikuri publikacia 2001 wlis noembris movlenebamdea
gamoqveynebuli. rogorc vxedavT, aq prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe da
parlamentis Tavmjdomare zurab Jvania prodasavluri Zalebis liderebad
arian warmodgenilebi; amave publikaciis logikiT, mocemuli periodisTvis
orivem fiasko ganicada da prodasavluri Zalebic damarcxdnen. rac Seexeba
SevardnaZis or SesaZlo arCevans: Tuki CavTvliT, rom 2002 wlisTvis
opoziciur partiebad Camoyalibebuli “gaerTianebuli demokratebi” (zurab
Jvanias liderobiT) da “erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba” (mixeil saakaSvilis
liderobiT) dasavlur relsebze moZraobdnen da, sabolood, “vardebis
revoluciamde” miiyvanes qveyana, xolo 2003 wlisTvis eduard SevardnaZe iyo
faqtobrivi lideri saarCevno blokisa “axali saqarTvelosaTvis” (romelic
dasavluri orientaciiT namdvilad ar gamoirCeoda), maSin gamodis, rom

46
parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan zurab Jvanias gadadgomiT, faqtobrivad,
“gaformda” eduard SevardnaZis distancireba (nebiTi Tu uneblie)
prodasavluri platformidan. es, erTi SexedviT rTuli logika, emyareba
presis publikaciebis analizs, romlebsac momdevno etapebze araTu SeaqvT
sicxade sakiTxSi _ sabolood mainc rogoria mmarTveli politikuri elitis
dispozicia sagareo orientaciisa da prioritetebis mixedviT, aramed, suraTi
ufro da ufro winaaRmdegobrivi xdeba; misi gaSifvra da wakiTxva ki elodeba
Sesabamisi profilis profesionalebs, romlebsac, SesaZloa, mediaanalizic
gamoadgeT saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis am umniSvnelovanesi da urTulesi
monakveTis aRsawerad.

 sagareo Temis ramdenime ZiriTadi aspeqti

euTo-s demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebebis ofisis

mxardaWeriT Seqmnil kvlevaSi _ “saqarTvelos politikuri landSafti” (2005
wlis mdgomareobiT), postsabWoTa saqarTvelos sagareo politikis zogadi
veqtorebi asea daxasiaTebuli: “damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg, Sida
politikuri konfliqtebis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos sagareo politikis
zogadi mimarTulebebi ucvlelia. zviad gamsaxurdias, realurad, ar hqonia
saerTaSoriso politikis gansazRvris da gatarebis dro... rac Seexeba eduard
SevardnaZes da mixeil saakaSvils, orive maTganis umTavres prioritets
warmoadgenda saerTaSoriso doneze SeerTebuli Statebisa da evropis
politikuri da ekonomikuri mxardaWera da saerTaSoriso institutebTan
mWidro TanamSromloba; mTavari amocana ki nato-sa da evrokavSiris wevrobis
mopovebaa.” (64, 40)
dasavleTTan saqarTvelos integraciis Sansebis gazrdis
pirdapirproporciulad mZafrdeboda daZabuloba saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris.
evrostruqturebsa da nato-Si saqarTvelos gawevrianebis perspeqtivas,
“wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programas”, baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis navTobsadens, Sah-
denizis gazsadens, jer prezident SevardnaZisa da Semdgom _ mixeil
saakaSvilis dasavlur aqcentebs “civi omis” msgavs viTarebaSi gadayavda
ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierToba.
pankisis xeoba da CeCeni “boevikebi” erT-erTi mTavari sababi iyo ruseT-
saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis ukiduresad daZabvisTvis. 2001 wlis
damdegisTvis rusulma masmediam, romelmac safuZvliani ideologiuri niadagi
moumzada pankisSi CeCeni “boevikebis” likvidaciis sababiT Cveni qveynis
47
teritoriaze samxedro moqmedebis dawyebis albaTobas (risTvisac qarTuli
masmediac sakmao warmatebiT gamoiyena), saqarTvelo sainformacio alyaSi
moaqcia. rusul mediaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki iseTi gamocemebSi, rogoricaa
“trud” da “krasnaia zvezda”, rusi generlebi, ruseTis dumis warmomadgenlebi,
maRalCinosani saxelmwifo moxeleebi daufaravad saubroben ara mxolod
pankisis xeobaSi “teroristebis budis” ganadgurebis amocanaze, aramed, ufro
Sorsmimaval mizanzec _ rom saqarTvelo SeiZleba gaxdes “meore CeCneTi”.
am viTarebas kargad asaxavs moskovSi gazeT “dronis” sakuTari
korespondentis rusudan nikuraZis publikacia _ “ratom “gamoamwyvdia”
ruseTma teroristebi pankisis xeobaSi?” es masala imiTac aris sayuradRebo,
rom misi avtori kargad informirebuli da saqmis kursSi myofi Jurnalistia,
ruseTis saxelmwifo instanciebSi Sesabamisi akreditaciis mqone. “rusul
wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, boevikebis ganadgureba putins 2001 wlis gazafxulze
aqvs Cafiqrebuli da es operacia saqarTvelos teritoriaze Caivlis. ram
SeiZleba ixsnas saqarTvelo gardauvali omisagan? ruseTis masobrivi
informaciis eleqtronul saSualebebs Tu davujerebT, “savizo reJims im
dResve gaauqmeben, Tu ruseTs teroristebis ganadgurebaSi saqarTvelo
sakuTar teritoriaze xels ar SeuSlis”... ruseTis prezidentis
sruluflebiani warmomadgeneli samxreTis federalur olqSi viqtor
kazancevi acxadebs, rom “dRes saqarTvelos teritoriaze 3000 CeCeni
teroristi imyofeba da maT winaaRmdeg brZola zamTarSi dasruldeba”, _ wers
rusudan nikuraZe aRniSnul statiaSi. (144)
bunebrivia, rom, Sesabamisad, daZabuloba, gangaSis ganwyoba da omis
molodini igrZnoba qarTuli presis publikaciebSi da es is SemTxvevaa, roca
ver vityviT, rom Jurnalistebi sagangebod amwvaveben situacias. qarTveli
politologebi ar gamoricxaven ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris omis dawyebis
saSiSroebas. ramaz klimiaSvili, magaliTad, pankisSi natos jarebis CayenebaSi
xedavs gamosavals; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, misi azriT, “ruseTis
specsamsaxurebi yvelafers gaakeTeben, rom boevikebi mTlianad gadmorekon
saqarTveloSi da Semdeg provokaciis mowyoba da konfliqtis gaCaReba mxolod
“teqnikis” saqmeRa iqneba... amiT rusebi CeCneTis problemasac moiSoreben da
saqarTvelos teritoriaze CeCneTis iseTive avtonomiis Seqmnac ar aris
gamoricxuli, rogoric samxreT oseTis saxiT Seiqmna, 100 wlis winaT osebiT
dausaxlebel teritoriaze.” (115) politologi gia nodia Tvlis, rom
saqarTvelo, sisustis miuxedavad, araviTar kompromisze ar unda wavides da

48
meored ar dauSvas saqarTvelos teritoriaze kavkasiis xalxebis meomruli
energiis gadmotana, iseve, rogorc afxazeTis SemTxvevaSi. (114)
aRsaniSnavia, rom evropasa da msoflioSi erT-erTi avtoritetuli da
gavleniani gazeTi “fainenSal Taimsi”, romelic im periodSi aqtiurad
dainteresda saqarTvelosa da zogadad kavkasiaSi arsebuli geopolitikuri
situaciiT, saqarTvelos urCevda evrokavSiris moxalise qveynebisagan swrafi
reagirebis Zalebi moeTxova ruseTis mosalodnel agresiasTan
gasamklaveblad. sxva saqmea, realurad ramdenad ganxorcielebadi da
mizanSewonili iyo da aris saqarTvelosTvis amgvari perspeqtiva, magram am
gazeTis publikaciebi CvenTvis upirvelesad imiT aris sayuradRebo, rom igi,
erTis mxriv, gulisxmobs saqarTvelos yofnas dasavleTis yuradRebis
arealSi, da meores mxriv, adasturebs, rom ruseTis agresiis safrTxe ar aris
mxolod saqarTvelos masmediis mier aJitirebuli Tema.
amave periods emTxveva ruseTis prezidentis viziti azerbaijanSi.
baqoSi putinis vizitis gaSuqebisas ucxouri sainformacio saSualebebi
yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen im faqtorze, rom am vizitisTvis prezidentma
putinma, romelic “maTraxiTa da TaflakveriT” apirebs azerbaijanis
dabrunebas ruseTis orbitaze, xelsayreli momenti SearCia; bolo xans
dasavleTi ukmayofiloa azerbaijaniT: evropeli da amerikeli diplomatebi
azerbaijans gamudmebiT adanaSaulebdnen adamianis uflebaTa darRvevaSi;
heidar alievis mier SvilisTvis Zalauflebis gadacemis ganzraxvac iwvevda
dasavleTis ukmayofilebas; nato-sTan azerbaijanis daaxloebis mcdelobamac
ver gamoiRo politikuri Sedegi; dasavleTi baqos yarabaxis sakiTxSi
somxeTisadmi mxardaWeraSic adanaSaulebs. amasTan, baqoSi vizitiT putinma
moaxdina demonstrireba imisa, rom kavkasia misTvis prioritetuli zonaa da am
regionSi kremlis interesebis gasatareblad SesaZloa arCeul iqnes swored
azerbaijani da ara saqarTvelo, romelTanac ukanasknel xans moskovma
urTierToba ver aawyo. rusul onlain-mediaSi baqoSi putinis vizits uwodeben
Wkuasaswavls “amerikasTan demonstraciulad damegobrebuli SevardnaZis
reJimisTvis”; ara mxolod Jurnalistebi fiqroben ase _ ruseTis dumis vice-
spikeri lukini am vizits “saqarTvelosadmi niSnismogebad” miiCnevs. saerTo
STabeWdilebiT, putins “kavkasiuri demarSi” umTavresad saqarTveloze
fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebisa da dasavleTSi misi mxardamWerebisTvis
kavkasiaSi ruseTis “Zveleburi gavlenis” demonstrirebisTvis hqonda
gaTvlili.

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 sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom qarTulma presam amjerad ar aitaca ruseTis
gamowveva da, Cveulebisamebr, myvirala sapirvelgverdo anSlagebad ar
gardaqmna. yvelaze mkveTri saTauri, romelic am vizits exmaureboda, gazeT
“dronis” pirvel gverdze iyo dabeWdili Cveulebrivi sasaTauro standartiT:
“amierkavkasiis geopolitikuri centri _ azerbaijani”; qvesaTauri _
“saqarTvelo, rogorc Cans, samTa Soris mesame adgilze CamoqveiTda”. (“droni”,
13 ianvari, 2001) gazeT ”rezonanss”, magaliTad, am vizitis konteqstSi
saqarTvelo arc uxsenebia. mesame gverdze gamoqveynebul informaciaSi (“putini
da alievi kaspiis zRvas iyofen”, 10 ianvari, 2001) mTeli aqcenti kaspiis
problemazea gadatanili. qarTuli presis uferul gamoxmaurebas putinis
xmaurian vizitze informaciis deficitiT ver avxsniT, radganac rusuli
onlain-media savse iyo vizitis amsaxveli masalebiTa Tu provokaciuli
xasiaTis publikaciebiT. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am vizitis fonze, presas
sababi aRar hqonda saqarTvelosa da misi prezidentis negatiuri imijiT
warmodgenisaTvis. saqarTvelosTvis ruseTis prezidentis gverdis avlam
masmedias sababi aRar dautova “CrdiloeTidan amomavali mzisa” da
“ruseTisagan marTuli SevardnaZis” TemiT manipulirebisaTvis. SedarebisTvis
gavixsenebT, rom eduard SevardnaZis moqnili sagareo politika ruseTTan
mimarTebaSi (romelsac yvelaze radikaluri oponentebic ver uaryofdnen),
politikuri da Jurnalisturi bomondisTvis damoukideblobis dakargvis
safrTxesTan, ruseTis vasalobasTan asocirdeboda da am Temas wlebis
manZilze prezidentis imijze zemoqmedebisTvis iyenebdnen. rogorc Cans,
amjerad Jurnalistebma, romlebsac xSirad uxdebaT “ormagi standartiT”
moqmedeba, keTilgonivrulad gverdis avla amjobines saqarTvelosTan putinis
vizitis mimarTebisaTvis.
paralelurad, imave dReebSi, presaSi figurirebs ucxour presaze
dayrdnobiT momzadebuli publikaciebi, romlebic gamoxatavs saqarTveloTi
dasavleTis dainteresebas. “saqarTvelo am arastabilur regionSi SeerTebuli
Statebisa da dasavleTis sakvanZo mokavSirea, _ werda gavleniani amerikuli
gamocema “uol sTriT jornal”, _ ruseTi mezobel suverenul saxelmwifoSi
sakuTari Carevis sababs eZebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi ruseTs SeuZlia gamoacxados,
rom sakuTar teritorias icavs saqarTvelos teritoriidan moqmedi CeCeni
teroristebisagan. magram jerjerobiT saqarTvelo am ankess ar egeba...
prezidentma SevardnaZem rus samxedroebs ar misca saqarTvelos teritoriaze
operaciis Catarebis ufleba.” (159)

50
 “saqarTvelo aris sasinji qva, romelic ruseT-amerikas Soris
urTierTobas gaarkvevs”, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos elCma aSS-Si Tedo jafariZem
saqarTvelos parlamentis sagareo urTierTobaTa komitetSi Sexvedrisas. misi
informaciiT, saqarTvelo TeTr saxlSi administraciis Secvlis areul
procesSic ar daviwyebiaT, magram elCma mianiSna, rom ”Tu saqarTvelos unda
ufro angariSgasawevi qveyana gaxdes, maSin Tavad unda gamoasworos Sida
politika.” (152)
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom erTi wlis Semdgom, 2002 wels, nugzar sajaias
tragikuli gardacvalebis Semdeg, uSiSroebis sabWos mdivnis Tanamdebobaze
Tedo jafariZis kandidaturis dasaxeleba politikosTa, eqspertTa da
JurnalistTa didma nawilma prezident eduard SevardnaZis prodasavluri
kursis afiSirebad miiCnia:
 “jafariZis kandidaturis dasaxelebam parlamentarebi prezidentis
prodasavlur politikur orientaciaSi sabolood daarwmuna”.
(“rezonansi”, 07.03.2002).
 “es daniSvna saqarTvelos sagareo kursis da ZiriTadi orientiris
xazgasma iyo. anu, SevardnaZem sabolood aiRo dasavluri kursi”. (“axali
Taoba”, 07.03.2002).
 “mTavari fsoni aSS-Si elCze gakeTda da es ukve niSnavs imas, rom
saqarTvelom SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodSi ukve sabolood
gadawyvita sagareo kursSi dasavleTisTvis mieniWebina upiratesoba.”
(“axali Taoba”, 08.03.2002)
 “batoni Tedo jafariZis gamoCena qarTul politikaSi dasavluri xazis
gagrZelebad SeiZleba miviCnioT.” (“alia”, 07.03.2002)
SedarebisTvis _ 2000 wlis miwuruls, saqarTvelosTan aSS-is axali
administraciis damokidebulebis rkvevis, savaluto fondis tranSis miReba-
armiRebis, ruseTTan ukiduresad gamwvavebuli urTierTobis fonze, masmedia
dasavleTisagan saqarTvelos mitovebas, qveynisa da piradad prezidentis
sagareo politikis, anu “SevardnaZis erTaderTi koziris” gabankrotebas
winaswarmetyvelebda.
saqarTvelos moqceva ruseT-amerikis strategiul interesebs Soris
presis intensiuri ganxilvis sagani gaxda saqarTveloSi maRalCinosani
amerikeli da rusi samxedroebis erTdrouli vizitebis sainformacio sababiT.
gazeTi “izvestia”-c ki werda, rom “ori qveynis samxedro delegaciebis viziti
saqarTvelos prioritetebze metyvelebs”.

51
 TbilisSi ruseTisa da amerikis interesebis mkafio gadakveTam presa
aiZula am Temis gaSuqebisas, myvirala saTaurebisa da gamomwvevi Sefasebebis
nacvlad, met-naklebad zomieri toni aerCia. gazeTma ”aliamac” ki amjobina
Temaze _ “ruseTi Tu dasavleTi... iqneb neitraliteti?” _ sasaubrod
prezidentis mrCevel gela CarkvianisaTvis miemarTa da soliduri interviu
gamoeqveynebina. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri daZabulobis yvelaze mkveTr
momentebSi neitralitetis Tema TavisTavad Cndeba presaSi. amjerad, iseve
rogorc “aliam”, sxva gazeTebmac sagareo urTierTobebSi Caxedul
respondentebs mimarTes am Temis gasaSuqeblad.
gela Carkviani miiCnevs, rom “dRes saqarTvelo gamocxadebuli
neitralitetisTvis mzad ar aris”; saubari SeiZleba mxolod samxedro
neitralitetze, anu, saqarTvelo arc erT blokSi ar unda iyos CarTuli. (167)
saparlamento fraqcia “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” Tavmjdomare revaz adamiac
fiqrobs, rom saqarTvelosTvis neitraliteti SeuZlebelia im pirobebSi,
romelSic Cven vcxovrobT. igi momxrea, rom saqarTvelo nato-Si
gawevrianebisaken miiswrafodes, vinaidan es marTlac realuri usafrTxoebiTi
qolgaa saqarTvelosTvis”. (123)
gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvs parlamentis dsT-s qveynebTan urTierTobis
qvekomitetis Tavmjdomares, irakli gogavas: “neitraliteti regionaluri
usafrTxoebis arqiteqturis yvelaze kargi modelia. am SemTxvevaSi, samxreT
kavkasia iqneba warmodgenili erTgvari mSvidobiani buferis saxiT or,
istoriulad dapirispirebul Zalas Soris, rogoricaa ruseTi da TurqeTi.”
(122)
saintereso mosazrebebs aviTarebs “dilis gazeTis” mimomxilveli vano
gamgebeli. misi azriT, rus politolog-analitikosTa mtkicebas, TiTqosda
saqarTvelos neitraliteti ver uzrunvelyofs ruseTis usafrTxoebas
CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, sinamdvileSi sul sxva mizezi aqvs _ moskovs acofebs is
realoba, rom pirvelad 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi CeCnebma zurgs ukan
“araruseTi” igrZnes. ruseTi planetis masStabiT veRar CaiTvleba aSS-is
(dasavleTis) metoqed, magram postsabWoTa sivrceSi maT daaxloebiT Tanabari
gavlena aqvT, ruseTi SeiZleba aWarbebdes kidec. “neitraliteti Zalian did
Zalas gulisxmobs da moiTxovs. SesaZloa, saqarTvelosTvis amgvari statusi
xelsayrelic iyos, magram Cvens regionSi “neitraluri saqarTvelo” aRiqmeba
rogorc buferi or poluss Soris, amas ki arc erTi maTgani ar dauSvebs.” (92)
neitralitetze msjelobisas analogiur daskvnas akeTebs gazeT
“meridianis” mimomxilveli zviad arabuli: “saqarTvelos neitraliteti

52
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneboda SesaZlebeli, Tu igi daefuZneboda erTgvar
politikur SeTanxmebas, an “geopolitikur ZalTa balanss” _ regionSi moqmedi
yvela didi saxelmwifos interesTa “paturi” Tanafardobis (saWadrako
terminiT) realobas. aseTi realoba ki ar arsebobs da albaT aRarc iarsebebs
uaxloes istoriul perspeqtivaSi.” (zviad arabuli, “neitraliteti Tu nato?”,
“meridiani”, 14 Tebervali, 2001).
neitralitetis Temas ase vrclad sagangebod SevexeT ramdenime mizezis
gamo: jer erTi, ase kompaqturad, erTbaSad ramdenime gazeTSi am Temis gaSla
saanalizo periodSi sxva dros ar gvxvdeba; meorec, aq moxmobili citatebidan
da sxva publikaciebidanac, Cans, rom Temis warmoSobas raime konkretuli
safuZveli ara aqvs; garda amisa, saqarTvelos neitraliteti amjerad ufro
ararealistur perspeqtivad aris warmodgenili, vidre wina wlebSi am Temaze
msjelobisas (gansakuTrebiT, gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi); Tanac,
saqarTveloSi amerikeli da rusi samxedroebis erTdrouli vizitebi, romelTa
sainformacio sababiTac moxda neitralitetis Temis inicireba presaSi,
faqtobrivad, mediisTvis daxuruli Tema iyo. yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom
aseT unisonSi neitralitetis Temis warmodgena presaSi garkveuli taqtika
iyo, romlis ganxorcilebisas presa, SesaZloa, garkveul amocanasac
asrulebda _ an saxelmwifoebrivs, an _ sruliad sawinaaRmdegos. (am
SemTxvevaSi varaudis ufro dakonkretebis safuZvels arc presa gvaZlevs, arc
kompetencia da arc sadisertacio naSromis formati).
ruseT-saqarTvelos ukiduresad daZabuli urTierTobis pirobebSi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda am ori qveynis prezidentTa Sexvedras,
romelic, rogorc iqna, Sedga 2001 wlis 30 noembers. misi Sedegebis
Sefasebisas radikalurad gansxvavebuli iyo e.w. oficiozi da danarCeni
masmedia.
gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikis” SefasebiT, “saqarTvelo-ruseTis
“grili urTierToba” axal fazaSi, imedi viqonioT, daTbobis fazaSi Sevida...
es aris Semobrunebis dasawyisi. es ar aris raRac axali etapi, magram rodesac
saqarTvelo-ruseTis xelSekruleba momzaddeba da mas xels movawerT, maSin ki
axali urTierTobis mSenebloba daiwyeba.” (154)
Tavad prezidentma eduard SevardnaZem, putinTan pirispir Sexvedras
“ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi Semobrunebis dasawyisi” uwoda,
diplomatiurad gaamarTla putinis mkvaxe da uceremonio pasuxi pankisis
incidentis Taobaze da erTgvari kmayofilebac ki gamoTqva misdami ruseTis
prezidentis piradi damokidebulebis gamo. vizitis Semdgom, saqarTvelos

53
prezidentis orSabaTis tradiciul radiointerviuSi, putinTan Sexvedras ukve
“saqarTvelo-ruseTs Soris TanamSromlobis didi gardatexis etapis
dasawyisis” Sefaseba mieca: am Sexvedris gamoZaxili iyo “moqalaqeTa kavSiris”
yrilobaze prezidentis mier kategoriulad naTqvami: “mezobels veravin
Segvicvlis, ruseTTan unda vimezobloT!”
saqarTvelos prezidentisa da oficiozis optimizmi ver gaiziares
damoukidebelma telearxebma da presam.
“dilis gazeTma” eduard SevardnaZis pozicias “sasurvelis sinamdviled
gasaReba” uwoda: “gaugebaria raSi dasWirda SevardnaZes moskovSi misi
stumrobis mxolod erTi rakursiT warmodgena da mifuCeCeba imisa, ramac Cveni
sazogadoeba dazafra da gaaogna, anu putiniseul braldebebze wayrueba...
prezidenti xom, amasTan, saxelmwifos suverenitetis garantia! amitom, kidev
erTxel gvinda gavimeoroT _ rodesac saxelmwifos Rirsebas laxaven,
pirvelma albaT swored misma prezidentma unda aimaRlos xma da datuqsuli
bavSviviT TavCaRunuli ar unda ijdes.” (86)
gazeTebis: “rezonansis”, “axali versiisa” da “alias” SefasebiT,
moskovuri voiaJi saqarTvelosTvis warumatebeli iyo:
 “rusul-qarTul urTierTobebSi tradiciuli scenari gaTamaSda _
moskovma Tbiliss kidev erTxel dauqnia TiTi. moskovSi Casuli
SevardnaZe, romelsac qveyana rusulma TviTmfrinavebma swored
saiubileo TariRis wina dRes daubombes, morCilad ismenda prezident
putinis sabraldebo sityvas... sagulisxmoa, rom or qveyanas Soris
urTierTobis gajansaRebas mxolod ramdenime adamiani, prezidenti
SevardnaZe, vaxtang rCeuliSvili, vladimer gudevi da kidev ramdenime
qarTveli maRalCinosani amCnevs. politikosTa da eqspertTa umravlesoba
ki miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelo saomar mdgomareobaSia da ruseTis agresia,
SesaZloa, nebismier dros ganmeordes.” (104)
 “SevardnaZesa da putins Soris gamarTuli Sexvedra ruseTis axalgazrda
prezidentis gamarjvebiT dasrulda. saqarTvelos prezidenti, romelic
ruseTs rusuli TviTmfrinavebiT saqarTvelos dabombvis Semdeg estumra,
teroristebisa da narkobaronebis mfarvelobaSi dadanaSaules.” (109)
 “tradiciul brifingze prezidenti uzomod karg xasiaTze iyo. Tumca,
gaugebaria, warumatebeli moskovuri voiaJis Semdeg ra acinebda mas?
kremlis axalma mepatronem qoSi ukuRma yara _ ra dabombva, ris
dabombvao. prezident SevardnaZes xmac ar amouRia. rusuli masmedia mas
Semdeg saqarTvelos dascinis da amasxaravebs.” (129)
54
 amgvar fonze konstruqciuli iyo gazeT “dronis” moskoveli
korespondentis mier momzadebuli publikacia, romelic sagulisxmo daskvniT
mTavrdeba: “putin-SevardnaZis sajaro, sityvieri paeqrobis miuxedavad, rusi
damkvirveblebi aRniSnaven, rom “saqarTvelo gadaurCa ruseTTan realur
konfrontacias”. ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris axali urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba
SevardnaZis epoqis dasasruls daemTxveva.” (145)
am Sexvedram damatebiTi stimuli misca qarTuli politikuri speqtris
Cveul debatebs dasavleT-CrdiloeTis Temaze. magaliTad, ruseTis faqtori,
telekompania “pirveli arxis” pirdapir eTerSi, “ganxeTqilebis vaSlad” iqca
parlamentarebis _ gia baramiZisa (“moqkavSiri”) da jemal gogitiZisTvis
(“aRorZineba”); jemal gogitiZem ruseTTan “aRorZinebis”, aslan abaSiZisa da,
saerTod, aWaris damokidebulebas, realisturi uwoda; am poziciis
sapirispiro da kategoriuli iyo gia baramiZis Sefaseba _ ruseTze didi mteri
saqarTvelos ar hyavs, Tqven ki mas dauweqiTo.
qarTvelma socialistebma da maTma liderma vaxtang rCeuliSvilma
gaaaqtiures TavianTi rusuli orientaciis afiSireba. vaxtang rCeuliSvilis
Tvalsazrisi aseTia: “Tu ruseTTan ar gamosworda urTierToba, TurqeTis
guberniad gadaviqceviT. me arc TurqeTis gubernioba minda, arc ruseTis, minda
saqarTvelo gaxdes evropis Rirseuli wevri da amaSi, rogorc TurqeTi, aseve
ruseTic unda dagvexmaros. dRes, roca putini Semotrialda saqarTvelosaken,
gaCnda winapiroba, rom aRvadginoT ruseTTan urTierToba, am dros xels
gviSlian Cveni, qarTveli politikosebi, vinc gvRupavdnen da dResac ruseTTan
civi omis politikas atareben”. (146)
SevardnaZe-putinis Sexvedris Sedegebs gulisxmobda, upirveles yovlisa,
sagareo saqmeTa ministri irakli menaRariSvili, roca 2001 wlis Sefasebisas
erT-erT mTavar Sedegad ruseTTan urTierTobis daregulireba, movlenebis
negatiuri ganviTarebis SeCereba miiCnia. (t/k “I arxi”, “me-9 arxi”, 4-6 ianvris
sainformacio programebi, 2002)
2001-dan 2002-isken gardamavali periodi gardamtexi etapi iyo CrdiloeT-
dasavleTs Soris lavirebis (met-naklebi warmatebiT) dasrulebisa da erTi
konkretuli veqtorisTvis prioritetis miniWebis procesisTvis. 2002 wlis
gazafxulze SeerTebulma Statebma daiwyo saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli
ZalebisaTvis “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” mravalmilioniani programis
ganxorcieleba. 2002 wlis noemberSi, nato-s praRis samitze, saqarTvelom
oficialurad ganacxada Tavisi survili _ gamxdariyo nato-s wevri.
saqarTveloSi daiwyo regularuli samxedro varjiSebis Catareba nato-s

55
programis _ “partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis” farglebSi, aSS-sa da TurqeTis
daxmareba samxedro teqnikiT, evrokavSiris mier ganxorcielebuli teqnikuri
daxmarebis programebi da a.S.
am procesebs win uZRoda 2001 wlis dekemberSi aSS-is Tavdacvis
ministris, ramsfeldis viziti saqarTveloSi. es faqti presisTvisac erTgvari
signali gaxda imisaTvis, rom maqsimaluri TavSekaveba gamoeCinaT da
moridebodnen radikalur Sefasebebs. amjerad Jurnalistebi pozitiur
kontestSi aqceven prezidentis lavirebis politikas da Tavadac cdiloben
mozomili komentarebiT Semoifarglon. “saqarTvelos xelisufleba ecdeba,
moqmedebis iseTi taqtika airCios, rom arc mwvadi dawvas da arc Samfuri.
savaraudod, Tavdacvis ministrTan (ramsfeldTan _ l.k.) Sexvedris dros
qarTuli mxare ecdeba, raketsawinaaRmdego Tavdacvis sistemidan aSS-is
gamosvlis Sefasebisas zomieri iyos da ruseTis gaRizianeba ar gamoiwvios...
maRalCinosani amerikelis saqarTveloSi viziti, eqspertebis azriT, Seanelebs
im agresias, rac, SesaZloa, ruseTma kavkasiis regionis mimarT gamoavlinos”, _
werda gazeTi “rezonansi.” (105)
vizitis gaSuqebisas gazeTi “kviris palitra” yuradRebas amaxvilebs ara
mxolod qarTuli, aramed amerikuli mxaris TavSekavebul poziciaze:
“SevardnaZem erTgvari reveransi mainc gaakeTa putinis misamarTiT (ramsfelds
ruseTze krintic ar dauZravs, miuxedavad imisa, rom komentari sTxoves
ruseTis aviaciis mier saqarTvelos teritoriis dabombvis Sesaxeb) da brZana:
“miuxedavad imisa, rom putinma Secdoma uwoda vaSingtonis gadawyvetilebas
raketsawinaaRmdego xelSekrulebidan gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, putinis
gamosvla stabilurobis garantiebis samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmnaze iyo
aqcentirebuli, rac xels Seuwyobs aSS-ruseTis TanamSromlobaso”. (142)
am periodidan moyolebuli saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis
peripetiebi qarTul masmediaSi TiTqmis aRar ganixileba amerikasTan
mimarTebis gareSe. Tu wina wlebSi politikosebis, saerTod, sazogadoebisa da,
Sesabamisad, Jurnalistebis aqcenti ori ukiduresobiT xasiaTdeboda _ ruseTi
an dasavleTi, es tendencia presaSi TandaTan Seicvala urTierTmimarTebiT _
saqarTvelo aSS-isa da ruseTis interesebs Soris. es zogadi tendencia, ra
Tqma unda, ar gamoricxavs am tipis radikalur Sexedulebebs: erTis mxriv,
rusuli safrTxis metismetad gazviadebas da ruseTis arealSi darCenis
warmodgenas gardauval aucileblobad; meores mxriv, amerikuli
yovlisSemZleobis gafetiSebas. masmediaSi ufro da ufro mkveTrad
warmoCindeba tendencia, rom dasavleT-saqarTvelos urTierTdaintereseba

56
kvlavindeburad Zabavs saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobebs da es daZabuloba
dasavleTTan saqarTvelos integraciis Sansebis gazrdis
pirdapirproporciulad mZafrdeba.
2002 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi, ruseTis provokaciebisa da mosalodneli
agresiis safrTxis gaSuqebisas, qarTul presaSi arsebiTi cvlilebebi gaCnda _
imata Jurnalisturma gansjam da analizma, movlenebs Soris urTierTkavSiris
dadgenisa da poziciebis Sejerebis mcdelobam; SesamCnevad gamkveTrda aqcenti
saxelmwifoebriv interesze. am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa
gazeTi “rezonansi”, romelmac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT erT-erT qveTavSi,
mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis” programisa da
Crdiloatlantikuri orientaciisaTvis saTanado sainformacio fonis
Sesaqmnelad (igive SeiZleba iTqvas 2002 wlis maisSi daarsebul gazeT “24
saaTzec, romelic, saerTod, gamoirCeva dasavlur liberalur Rirebulebebze
orientaciiT).
“rezonansis” wamyvani Jurnalisti eliso CafiZe “morige redaqtoris
svetSi” mkafiod gamoxatavs Tavisi da redaqciis pozicias putinis mier
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mimarT gakeTebuli mkacri gancxadebis gamo:
“ruseTis prezidentis gancxadebaSi faruli muqara JRerda, man qarTveli
xalxi da xelisufleba gamijna. keTili xalxi, boroti xelisufleba... am
gancxadebidan saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo gadatrialebis organizebamde didi
ruseTis Cekistur organoebs erTi nabijiRa aSorebT... amxanag putinis
gasagonad unda iTqvas, rom ramdenadac cudi xelisufleba unda gvyavdes, misi
lanZRva saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis prerogativaa. saqarTvelos prezidenti
ruseTis prezidentis gasalanZRi ar aris.” (165)
Jurnalisturi aqcenti ruseTis prezidentis farul muqaraze
adekvaturia im realuri safrTxisa, rac presaSi pirdapir iwodeba omis
safrTxed. “saqarTvelo da ruseTi omis zRvarze” (“alia”, 01.08.2002), “ruseTi
saqarTveloSi oms iwyebs” (“qronika”, 05.08.2002) _ publikaciaTa amgvari
saTaurebi, wina periodebisagan gansxvavebiT, amjerad ar aris utrirebuli;
pankisis sababiT saqarTveloze ruseTis galaSqrebis ritorika gacilebiT
ufro Zlieri iyo im periodis rusul sainformacio sivrceSi, vidre 2001 wlis
damdegs. niSandoblivia, rom 2001 wels, saqarTveloSi mosalodneli rusuli
agresiis Temaze msjelobisas, oficialuri moskovis pozicia Riad ar
fiqsirdeboda, saqarTvelos teritoriis morigi dabombvis SemTxvevaSi ki
Cndeboda bundovani miniSneba rusi maRalCinosani samxedroebis TviTneburi
moqmedebis Taobaze. amjerad qarTul masmedias aRar dasWirda “ori ruseTis”

57
Temaze msjeloba, radgan oficialuri ruseTis pozicia “Savi generlebis”
TvalTaxedvas daemTxva:
 “ruseTis Tavdacvis ministrma sergei ivanovma xmamaRla ganacxada, rom
pankisis xeobis problema mxolod Zalismieri meTodebiT gadawydeba.
“yelSi amomivida uazro molaparakebebi saqarTvelos xelisuflebasTan,
_ ambobs iavanovi, _ pankisSi Cven uaxloes dReebSi “specnazs” SeviyvanT.”
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.07.2002)
 putinis mrCeveli sergei iastrJembski: “qarTvelebma pankisis xeoba
“praxadnoi dvorad” aqcies da, droa, amas erTxel da samudamod daesvas
wertili.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.07.2002)
qarTuli presis publikaciebSi (romlebic, arsebiTad, emyareba rusuli
mediis masalebs) koncentrirebulia pankisis problemasTan dakavSirebiT orive
mxaris _ ruseTisa da saqarTvelos pozicia:
oficialuri moskovi pankisSi operaciis Catarebas ki aRar iTxovs,
aramed moiTxovs; oficialuri ruseTi aSS-s sTxovs mxardaWeras saqarTveloSi
antiteroristuli operaciis Casatareblad _ saqarTvelom xom, bolos da
bolos, aRiara CeCeni boevikebis arseboba; ruseTis federaciis sabWo mzad
aris Sesabamisi operaciisTvis nebis dasarTavad, xolo sahaero-sadesanto
jarebi da maTi sardali mxolod brZanebas elodebian specoperaciis
dasawyebad; oficialuri ruseTis pozicias eTanxmeba CeCneTis mTavrobis
Tavmjdomare, romelic SesaZleblad miiCnevs boevikTa saqarTvelos
teritoriaze ganadgurebas; rac mTavaria, ruseTs ukve Semzadebuli aqvs
sazogadoebrivi azri, romelic formulasaviT yalibdeba rusul mediaSi
gaCenil aseT mosazrebaSi: “amerikis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom terorizmTan
brZolis dros erovnuli sazRvrebi suverenuli aRar aris.”
saqarTvelos xelisufleba jerjerobiT ruseTs uZaliandeba da pankisis
xeobaSi samxedro operaciis Catarebis uflebas ar aZlevs da, Tavis mxriv,
ruseTs adanaSaulebs CeCeni mebrZolebis iaraRiT momaragebaSi.
arsebiTi gansxvaveba ruseTisa da saqarTvelos
urTierTdadanaSaulebisas is aris, rom ruseTi Tavis pozicias faqtebiT
amyarebs, saqarTvelos mxare ki, rogorc presa wers, “faqtebs sapnis buStiviT
uSvebs xelidan”; oficialuri Tbilisi xSirad urTierTgamomricxav
informaciebs avrcelebs, erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba Zalovani uwyebebis
komentarebic.
paralelurad, “qarTul safrTxes”, romelic musirebda ruseTis
sainformacio saSualebSi, afxazeTSi rusuli samxedro Zalebis
58
koncentrirebiTa da daqiravebul Crdilokavkasiel “moxaliseTa” gaaqtiurebiT
upasuxes (iseve, rogorc 2001 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi da 2001 wlis aprilSi).
qarTul mediaSi gaCnda informacia, rom, amjerad, “moxaliseTa” raodenoba
orjer metia, vidre afxazeTis omis dros; amave dros, tyvarCelSi afxazur-
osuri erToblivi wrTvnebisTvisac emzadebian... anu, rogorc yovelTvis,
movlenebis ukidures gamwvavebas pankisis sababiT, Tan daerTo afxazeTis
koziris amoqmedeba _ ori fronti erTdroulad, politikuri, ekonomikuri da
socialuri faqtorebis maqsimaluri gamwvavebis TanxlebiT.
am fonze qarTveli Jurnalistebi TavianT xelisuflebas ruseTisaTvis
adekvaturi pasuxis gaucemlobaSi adanaSauleben, Tumc, ukve saqarTvelos
mxridanac iqmneba movlenebisaTvis saxelis darqmevis oficialuri precendenti.
“ufrosi Zmis roli, romelsac SeuZlia umcross yovelTvis TavSi urtyas,
miuRebelia. amas aravin aitans da arc Cven vapirebT,” _ amgvarad gamoxata
oficialuri pozicia, ruseTis samxedro TviTmfrinavebis mier pankisis xeobis
teritoriis dabombvasTan da SemdgomSi ruseTis xelisuflebis reaqciasTan
dakavSirebiT, saqarTvelos prezidentis pres-mdivanma kaxa imnaZem,
specialurad gamarTul brifingze, _ “rodesac es uzarmazari samxedro
manqana, romelic ruseTs aqvs, ver axerxebs wesrigis damyarebas sakuTar
teritoriaze, maT isRa darCeniaT gantevebis vaci moZebnon, an Seqmnan mtris
xati. yovel SemTxvevaSi aSkarad cdiloben, rom aseT mtris xatad warmoCindes
saqarTvelo, rogorc mizezi ruseTis yvela ubedurebisa. magram es aris maTi
WeSmariteba, romelsac kategoriulad ar eTanxmeba mTeli civilizebuli
msoflio.” (155)
prezidentma, eduard SevardnaZem, tradiciul radiointerviuSi mkafiod
gamoxata pankisis problemis arsi: “is, rac xeobaSi xdeba, saqarTvelos
arCevani ar yofila da pankisis problemam ki ar ganapiroba CeCneTis
movlenebi, aramed, piriqiT, CeCneTSi arsebulma viTarebam ganapiroba
mdgomareobis garTuleba pankisSi”; xolo masmediisTvis gamarTul tradiciul
brifingze _ saqarTvelos mtkice pozicia: “pankisis problema xelovnurad aris
Seqmnili. Cven es problema Tavs mogvaxvies. axla saqarTvelos aqvs
SesaZlebloba rom pankisis problema damoukideblad gadawyvitos. gadavwyvetT
kidec. migvaCnia, rom ucxoeTis saxelmwifoebis samxedro Careva dauSvebelia
da arc davuSvebT.”B(156)
ruseTis “sagareo politikis nacionaluri laboratoriis” internet-
saitze ganTavsebul analitikur masalaSi (“politikuri situacia
saqarTveloSi”) ruseTTan mimarTebaSi saqarTvelos poziciis gamyareba

59
amerikis mxardaWeris faqtorTanaa dakavSirebuli: “aSS-sTan samxedro
TanamSromlobis faqtma mkveTrad aamaRla qarTuli elitis TviTSefaseba da
ubiZga mas rusul-qarTuli urTierTobis Segnebuli gamwvavebisaken.
SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom boris pastuxovTan Sexvedrisas prezidentma
SevardnaZem ruseTis warmomadgenels mkveTri SekiTxva dausva: “Tqven ver
xvdebiT, vis winaaRmdeg waxvediT?” (58)
gazeTma “rezonansma”, saqarTvelos sagareo da saSinao problemebTan
ruseT-aSS/dasavleTis interesebis mimarTeba mravalmxriv gaaanaliza ara
mxolod agvistos, aramed mogvianebiT ganviTarebuli movlenebis konteqstSi.
magaliTad, ruseTis mier saqarTvelosaTvis Tavisi sahaero sivrcis
gadaketvasa da Semotevebis morig gaaqtiurebas “rezonansi” akavSirebs
saqarTveloSi aSS-is kongresmenebis stumrobasTan (romelTa vizitis mizani
saqarTvelosTvis aSS-is mTavrobis Tanadgomis oficialuri dadastureba iyo)
da baqo-Tbilisi jeihanis milsadenis mSeneblobis dawyebis Taobaze saboloo
gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan: “arsebobs informacia rom ruseTis
specsamsaxurebi aqtiurad “averbovkeben” qarTvel samxedroebs, muSaoben
politikur partiebSi... maTive xelSewyobiT xdeba religiuri dapirispirebisa
da egzaltirebuli politikuri gancxadebebis aJitireba. dRes saqarTvelom
unda gadadgas Zalian frTxili da gonivruli nabijebi imisaTvis, rom am
TamaSidan mogebuli gamovides.” (169)
gazeT “rezonansTan” interviuSi, saqarTvelos navTobis saerTaSoriso
korporaciis prezidenti giorgi Wanturia varaudobs, rom navTobsadenis
mSeneblobis dawyebis gamo “ruseTis mxridan saqarTveloze zewola kidev
ufro gaizrdeba”: “iciT, ratom bombavs ruseTi saqarTvelos? ruseTma Zalian
kargad icis, rom saqarTvelo aris yvelaze centraluri da gadamwyveti
teritoria dRes geopolitikurad, socialurad, politikurad, strategiulad,
razec gadis ara marto energoderefani, aramed gadis msoflio RerZi”; “Cven
ruseTs veubnebiT, rom es ar aris marto aRmosavleT-dasavleTis derefani. es
aris CrdiloeT-samxreTis derefanic.” (119)
rogorc aRvniSneT, 2002 wlis noemberSi, nato-s praRis samitze,
saqarTvelom oficialurad ganacxada Tavisi survili _ gamxdariyo nato-s
wevri. 11 oqtombers, parlamentSi prezident eduard SevardnaZis moxsenebis
msvlelobisas, darbazi erToblivad, protestulad datoves fraqciebma da
politpersonebma, romlebic presam pirobiTad gaaerTiana saerTo
saxelwodebiT _ “demarSistebi”. xuTi saparlamento fraqciisTvis
(“gaerTianebuli demokratebi”, “nacionaluri moZraoba”, “axali memarjveneebi”,
60
“tradicionalistebi” da “axali afxazeTi”) miuRebeli aRmoCnda prezidentis
saangariSo gamosvla, romelmac, opozicionerTa mtkicebiT, “qveynisaTvis arc
erT saWirboroto kiTxvas ar gasca pasuxi.” imave dRes oTxma opoziciurma
fraqciam erToblivi preskonferencia gamarTa da sazogadoebas amcno, rom
amieridan maTi mizani “saqarTveloSi dRes arsebul politikur
mmarTvelobasTan erToblivi brZola gaxdeba.” presaSi meore dResve gaCnda
mosazrebebi, rom es aqcia spontanuri ar yofila; “rezonansi” werda:
“nacionalebis” warmomadgeneli vano merabiSvili ar malavs, rom opoziciur
fraqciaTa gaerTianeba SevardnaZis xelisuflebis damxobisaTvis moxda.”
(“rezonansi”, 19.10.2002) politikosTa erTi nawili da, Sesabamisad, presa,
demarSs rusuli interesis gamoxatvad miiCnevs, mediaSi isev Cndeba terminebi:
“mexuTe kolona”, “saSemodgomo destabilizacia”, “qaosi”, “areuloba” da a.S.
zogan miniSnebiTa da qveteqstebiT, zogan ki pirdapir, opoziciis qmedeba nato-
sTan saqarTvelos mimarTebasa da saerTaSoriso energetikuli proeqtebis
TemasTan dakavSirda: “noemberSi saqarTvelom nato-Si SesvlasTan
dakavSirebiT ganacxadi unda gaakeTos. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom opoziciis
nabijma istoriuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas SeuSalos xeli”; “rac Seexeba
nato-Si gawevrianebas, misdami xelis SeSlas adgili eqneba, magram ara imdenad,
ramdenadac navTobsadenis sakiTxis gamo.” (“rezonansi”, 12 oqtomberi, 22
oqtomberi, 2002).
*
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg qarTul da ucxour mediaSi
ganviTarebuli sagareo aqcentebi, saerTo jamSi, amgvar formulirebebamde
daiyvaneba: saqarTvelos gamo aSS-sa da ruseTs Soris, SesaZloa, civi omi
daiwyos; ruseTs ar surs saqarTvelos gamo aSS-sTan Sejaxeba; aSS
saqarTvelos gamo ruseTTan urTierTobas ar daZabavs; vaSingtonica da
moskovic dainteresebulebi arian, rom saqarTvelos aacilon qaosSi CaZirva
da destabilizacia; saqarTveloSi aSS-is interesi _ demokratiaa, ruseTis _
arastabiluroba; aSS mxars uWers burjanaZis models _ saqarTvelo-aSS-
ruseTis samkuTxedis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelSic partniorebi
Tanasworuflebiani iqnebian; ruseTi saqarTvelosTan urTierTobaSi
“samkuTxedebis” da Suamavlebis winaaRmdegia.
mas Semdeg, rac prezident SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis dros saqarTvelo
deklarirebulad adga dasavlur kurss, iRebda aSS-is samxedro Tu ekonomikur
daxmarebasa da mxardaWeras; amasTan, iyo dsT-is wevri saxelmwifo da
arasodes uaryofda ruseTis faqtors, RerZi _ saqarTvelo-aSS-ruseTi (an _
61
piriqiT) yovelTvis iyo realuri da aqtualuri. am viTarebas yvelaze kargad
gamoxatavs londoneli analitikosis sityvebi: “qarTvelebi ukve didi xania
mieCvivnen, rom maT amerikelebi anebivreben da rusebi aSineben, maTi
xelmZRvaneloba ki erTsac aqezebs da meoresac.” (“svobodnaia gruzia”,
06.12.2003)
ruseTis interesma saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze kritikul momentSic ki
iCina Tavi: “gamalebuli konsultaciebis dros, roca saqarTveloSi
xelisuflebis Secvlamde sul raRac ori saaTi rCeboda, ivanovma or qveyanas
Soris CarCo-xelSekrulebis aucileblobaze gaamaxvila yuradReba”, _ werda
“mTavari gazeTi”. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 25.11.2003) gansxvavebiT aSS-is poziciisagan,
ruseTis prezidentma SeSfoTeba gamoTqva imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi
xelisuflebis Secvla eduard SevardnaZeze Zlieri zewolis Sedegad moxda
da, amasTan, demonstratiulad ganacxada, rom SevardnaZe diqtatori arasodes
yofila. rogorc Cans, am gancxadebis miRma ikiTxeba damokidebuleba im
procesebis mimarT, romelmac saqarTveloSi xelisuflebis Secvla moaxdina
ruseTis primatis gareSe. sagareo saqmeTa ministris, igor ivanovis
warmogzavna saqarTveloSi upirvelesad amave konteqstSi jdeba _ ruseTma
daafiqsira Tavisi mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi, anu is, rom mis gareSe am
qveyanaSi araferi xdeba. es iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani mesiji, erTdroulad
orientirebuli sakuTriv saqarTvelosa da dasavleTzec. presis analiziT
ikveTeba, rom ruseTis faqtori momaval saprezidento da saparlamento
arCevnebze, dasavleTis ZalisxmeviT, minimumamde unda Semcirebuliyo; rom
amisaTvis, evropuli ojaxi da aSS, arc finansebs daiSureben da arc sxva
saxis daxmarebas. paralelurad, presaSi ikveTeba “rusuli faqtoris” sxvagvari
gavlena _ tradiciulad, pirdapir Tu iribad, “rusul xelwerasTan”
kavSirdeba “dinamikuri qaosis” Seqmnis mcdeloba, romlis ganxorcieleba
eWvqveS daayenebs “vardebis revoluciis” monapovars da, elementarulad,
CaSlis arCevnebs. rogorc “mTavari gazeTi” aRniSnavs, “rusul veb-gverdebze,
jer kidev SevardnaZis gadadgomamde ganTavsebul statiebSi, saqarTveloSi
arsebuli konfliqtis saakaSvili-burjanaZe-Jvanias sasargeblod gadawyveta
ruseTisTvis yvelaze nakleb sasargeblo scenarad aris Sefasebuli.” (“mTavari
gazeTi”, 25.11.2003)
sagulisxmoa rusuli mediis aqcentebi saqarTvelos daSlis
SesaZleblobis Taobaze: “radikali nacionalebisa” da maTi lideris, mixeil
saakaSvilis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis SemTxvevaSi gardauvalia SeiaraRebuli
konfliqti aWarasTan; TbilisSi xelisuflebis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi aWaris

62
sazRvrebis Caketvis muqara am regionis saqarTvelosagan gamoyofis pirveli
simptomia; javaxeTSi dasaxlebul somxebTan SevardnaZeEaxerxebda saerTo enis
gamonaxvas, qarTveli radikalebis nacionaluri gancxadebebi ki maT aSinebT.
somxebTan SesaZlo Setakeba, samxedro bazebis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT,
konfliqtSi ruseTis CarTvis winapirobas Seqmnis; TbilisSi nacionaluri
opoziciis xelisuflebaSi mosvlis SemTxvevaSi, afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis
konfliqtebis mogvarebis SesaZlebloba kidev didi xniT gadaiwevs ukan.
prezidentis rangSi saakaSvilis gamoCena “araRiarebuli qveynebis”
xelmZRvanelobas aiZulebs kidev erTxel wamoayenon ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi
maTi Seyvanis sakiTxi. saSiSi precendentis Seqmnis sababiT, ruseTi iZulebuli
iqneba maT uariT upasuxos. kremlis mxridan sxvanair reaqcias im SemTxvevaSi
unda velodoT, Tu Tbilisi aSkara antirusul kampanias wamoiwyebs. rusuli
internet-gamocemebi xelisuflebaSi saakaSvilis mosvlas ukavSireben
urTierTobis mosalodnel gauaresebas mezobel qveynebTan _ azerbaijansa da
somxeTTan. somxeTTan dakavSirebiT rusuli mediis aqcenti kidev ufro
mkveTria _ Tu qarTveli radikalebi somxeTs blokadas gamoucxadeben,
ruseTis mokavSire qveyanas ekonomikuri kolafsi elis. “dilis gazeTi”
aqveynebs rusuli Jurnalis, “itogi”-s mosazrebas, rom saqarTvelo dgas
Zalian seriozuli safrTxis winaSe _ daiSalos ramdenime saxelmwifod.
(“dilis gazeTi”, 02.12.2003)
mediaSi aqtualuria aqcenti, rom saqarTvelo kvlav rCeba ruseTisa da
aSS-is interesTa Sejaxebis (zogjer _ urTierTdamTxvevis) asparezad.
sayuradReboa, moskovSi nino burjanaZis (saqarTvelos prezidentis movaleobis
Semsruleblis) vizitis win rusuli mediis mier Seqmnili foni: SesaZloa,
saqarTvelosa da ruseTis urTierTobebi 2002 wlis 11 seqtembris scenariT
ganviTardes; “maSin ruseTis xelisuflebam saqarTvelos, faqtobrivad, omi
gamoucxada, Tumca, aSS-is mkacri poziciis gamo kremli iZulebuli gaxda
muqara mxolod muqarad daetovebina. rogorc Cans, kremli da misi mesveuri
saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis mdgradobas amJamadac “kbils usinjavs” da
cdilobs imis garkvevas, kvlav dauWers Tu ara ase aqtiurad mxars TeTri
saxli oficialur Tbiliss.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.12.2003)
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg saqarTvelos sagareo prioritetebSi
Zlierdeba evropasTan dakavSirebuli aqcenti. “saqarTvelo arc prorusuli
iqneba da arc proamerikuli, saqarTvelo iqneba proqarTuli da proevropuli”,
_ ganacxada strasburgSi Tavisi pirveli turnes farglebSi gamarTuli
Sexvedrebisas saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma (“mTavari gazeTi”,

63
29.01.2004); xolo evrokavSiris saparlamento asambleis zamTris sesiaze sityviT
gamosvlisas ase Camoayaliba saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis sagareo
veqtori: “dRes Cveni erTaderTi ambiciaa gavxdeT evrokavSiris sruluflebiani
wevri... saqarTvelos Zalian didixnis da kargi urTierTdamokidebuleba aqvs
aSS-sTan. SeerTebulma Statebma Cven gacilebiT meti daxmareba gagviwia, vidre
Cven velodebodiT... Cven, aseve, urTierTdamokidebuleba da partnioroba gvaqvs
ruseTTan... me Tanaxma var gavaumjobeso ruseTTan urTierToba, vimegobro
ruseTTan da megobrobis xeli gavuwodo prezident putins, roca mas vewvevi
ruseTSi.” (“24 saaTi”, 29.01.2004)
presam yuradReba miaqcia sagareo aqcentebis mkveTr cvlilebas da axali
xelisuflebis “proevropuloba” axsna erTgvari diplomatiuri TamaSiT,
romlis meSveobiTac Crdiloel mezobels ar gaaRizianebs gamokveTili
amerikuli aqcentiT. ruseTTan mimarTebaSi prezident saakaSvilis sagangebo
damokidebuleba marTlac igrZnoba presaSi: xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli rom
saakaSvilma pirveli vizitis prioriteti ruseTs mianiWa da ara aSS-s; iseTi
STabeWdilebac iqmneba, rom moskovSi saqarTvelos prezidentis vizitis
momgebiani sainformacio suraTi ar unda daCrdilos aSS-Si misma vizitma
(SeerTebul StatebSi mixeil saakaSvilis vizitis amsaxvelma publikaciebma
zogierT gazeTSi me-4, me-5 gverdebisken gadainacvla da, saerTo jamSi, ar
miuRia iseTi farTo gamoxmaureba, rogorc ruseTSi vizits). ruseTisadmi
sifrTxile igrZnoba saqarTvelosTvis Zalze mniSvnelovani nato-s stambulis
samitis (2004 wlis ivnisi) gaSuqebisas; samitis amsaxvel masalebSi presa
aRniSnavda, rom nato saqarTvelosTvis kvlav prioritetia, magram, ruseTis
faqtoris gamo, “iCqare nelas” principi ufro misaRebia. rogorc Cans,
“sainformacio TavSekavebac” nato-s Temis afiSirebisgan amiT aris
ganpirobebuli.
mixeil saakaSvilis viziti ruseTSi, romelsac rusulma mediam ara
mxolod warmatebuli, epoqaluric uwoda, miznad isaxavda: urTierTobis
dawyebas “sufTa furclidan” (“putini da saakaSvili winamorbedebis qmedebebze
pasuxs ar ageben”); dasavleTTan saqarTvelos urTierTobis gamo ruseTis
gaRizianebis ganeitralebas (saakaSvili: “ruseTs saqarTvelosTan
urTierTobaSi vercerTi qveyana konkurencias ver gauwevs”; “saqarTvelo ar
aris aSS-isa da ruseTis dapirispirebis adgili”); ekonomikuri urTierTobis
mogvarebas (saakaSvili: “qarTuli brendebi rusul bazarze unda davabrunoT”)
zemoqmedebas ruseTis sazogadoebriv azrze (saakaSvili: saqarTvelos imiji
ruseTSi ukiduresad Seryeulia da Cveni mTavari amocana sazogadoebrivi

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azris Secvlaa) da a.S. presam sagangebod aRniSna, rom saqarTvelos
prezidentma evropuli orientacia am vizitis drosac wina planze wamoswia da
ruseTTan erTad evropaSi integraciis survili gaaJRera; amasTan, presa
aRniSnavda, rom ruseTSi viziti im warmatebuli “piaris” nawilia, romliTac
prezidenti axali xelisuflebis naklis dafarvas cdilobs; am etapze
saqarTvelos gacilebiT didi berketi aqvs vaSingtonis mxardaWeris saxiT,
vidre putinTan damegobrebaa. (“dilis gazeTi”, “rezonansi”, “24 saaTi”, “mTavari
gazeTi”, 11-13 Tebervali, 2004)
aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoebac _ parlamentis Tavmjdomarem, nino
burjanaZem deputatebs sTxova mxari daeWiraTYparlamentis mier msoflio
savaWro organizaciaSi ruseTis gawevrianebis winaaRmdeg adre miRebuli
dadgenilebis SeCerebisTvis. am Txovnas opoziciis protesti mohyva da presaSi
aqcenti _ proamerikeli politikosebis prorusulebad gardaqmnis gamo. (“24
saaTi”, 17.02.2004) am fonze gazeTi “alia” wers, rom “saakaSvili ruseTisTvis
veeberTela pozitiuri potencialis matarebelia” _ saqarTvelos magaliTi
dsT-s qveynebs aSS-sgan ganizidavs; maT urCevniaT ruseTis umcrosi
partniorebi iyvnen, vidre saqarTvelosaviT aSS-is koloniebi. (“alia”, 10.02.2004)
saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis axali sagareo politikuri kursis
gamokveTisTvis mniSvnelovani iyo mixeil saakaSvilis viziti safrangeTSi
da novacia _ saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrad safrangeTis moqalaqis,
salome zurabiSvilis daniSvna. “evropa Cveni momavalia, amerika ki
TviTdamkvidrebaSi gvexmareba”, _ mixeil saakaSvilis es pasuxi frangi
Jurnalistebis kiTxvaze _ “evropa Tu amerika”, rogorc Cans, ara mxolod
diplomatiuri reveransia, aramed, erTgvari formulac saqarTvelos sagareo
urTierTobebis perspeqtivis gansazRvrisTvis.
2004 wlis martis presaSi ganviTarebuli mosazrebebi adasturebs, rom am
urTierTobebis amplituda damokidebulia ara mxolod amerika-evropaze, misi
wonasworobis wertils ruseTi gansazRvravs. ufro metic, safrangeTSi
saakaSvilis vizitic, upirveles yovlisa, am WrilSi ganixileba _ rogorc
xidi ruseTTan urTierTobis mogvarebisaTvis, rac araTu ewinaaRmdegeba,
aramed eTanxmeba kidec aSS-is interess. “qveynis sagareo kursis umTavresi
mimarTuleba ki evrokavSirSi integrireba da ruseTTan urTierTobis
mowesrigeba iqneba”, _ aRniSnavda “mTavari gazeTi”, _ “prezidenti ar malavs,
rom mas ruseTTan urTierTobis daTboba eCqareba da am misias im qveynis
diplomats andobs, romlis mTavrobasac oficialur moskovTan kargi
urTierToba aqvs. rogorc irkveva, Sirakisa da saakaSvilis pirispir saubrisas

65
ruseTTan urTierToba erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi yofila.” (“mTavari gazeTi”,
10.03.2004) “dilis gazeTi” werda: “mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebiT, man
Sirakisagan miiRo garantia, rom safrangeTi evropaSi integraciis procesSi
dagvexmareba; gamocdili diplomatis, pirveli emigraciis TvalsaCino
warmomadgenlebis STamomavlis _ salome zurabiSvilis ministris postze
daniSvna ki imeds aZlevs, rom saqarTvelos sagareo kursi warmatebuli iqneba.
Tavad salome zurabiSvilis formulirebiT, “es aris safrangeTis saCuqari
saqarTvelosTvis, safrangeTi mzadaa axali saqarTvelos mSeneblobaSi miiRos
monawileoba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 12.03.2004)
martis presa sayuradReboa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom modurad qceuli
cneba _ evroatlantikuri integracia konkretikas iZens, Cndeba axali niuansebi
evrokavSirsa da nato-sTan saqarTvelos mimarTebaSi. evrokavSiri calke
saqarTvelos misi wevrobis kandidatad ar ganixilavda; saqarTvelo, mTliani
samxreTkavkasiis regionis farglebSi, saxarbielo viTarebaSi ar imyofeboda.
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg konservatiuli evrokavSiri saqarTvelosadmi
poziciebs icvlis da ar gamoricxavs mis CarTvas “farTo evropis”
iniciativaSi; Tumca, isic aRiniSneba, rom es Znelad misaRwevi da Soreuli
amocanaa. eqspertebis varaudiT, SesaZloa, ufro realuri iyos saqarTvelos
nato-Si gawevrianeba.
“afxazeTis sanapiroebTan natos samxedro floti daiwyebs
patrulirebas” _ iuwyeboda 11 martis “rezonansi”. amerikeli generlis jeims
jonsis gancxadebiT, nato-s mizani eqstremistul organizaciaTa da
kriminalur dajgufebaTa moqmedebebis aRkveTaa. gazeTi am faqts akavSirebs
mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebasTan _ rom wlis bolomde saqarTvelo
afxazeTis sazRvao akvatorias mTlianad gaakontrolebs. qarTveli
politologebis azriT, amiT nato-s surs Sav zRvaze Zalis demonstracia,
fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis moxdena, ruseTis gavlenisa da reaqciis mosinjva,
mizani ki _ am gavlenis Semcirebis mcdelobaa. ruseTis reaqciis
demonstrireba moxda martis bolos, aRmosavleT evropis ramdenime
postsocialisturi qveynisa (bulgareTi, rumineTi, slovenia, slovakeTi) da
postsabWoTa baltiispireTis nato-Si gawevrianebis gamo. am qveynebis nato-Si
Sesvlas Tavis droze Zalian ewinaaRmdegeboda ruseTi da misma samxedro da
politikurma elitam mtkivneulad aRiqva es faqti. amerikuli gazeTis “deili
niusis” mier gavrcelebuli informaciiT, rusi generlebi imuqrebian, rom
dauyovnebliv Camoagdeben nato-s TviTmfrinavebs, Tu isini baltiispireTis
qveynebis Tavze gamoCndebian; ukrainuli internet-saagentos informaciiT,

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ruseTSi gansakuTrebiT aRSfoTebT is faqti, rom nato latviaSi
radiolokaciuri dakvirvebis bazis aSenebas gegmavs. (“rezonansi”, 30.03.2004)
ruseTis Temis primatiT gamoirCeva 2004 wlis maisis presa; es
erTdroulad ramdenime sainformacio sababma ganapiroba: saqarTvelos sagareo
saqmeTa ministrisa da premier-ministris vizitebi ruseTSi; saqarTvelo-
ruseTis biznes-forumi; ruseTSi moRvawe oligarqis, kaxa benduqiZis daniSvna
saqarTvelos ekonomikis ministrad. amasTan, TurqeTSi prezident mixeil
saakaSvilis vizitic, garkveulwilad, presaSi ruseTis Temas ukavSirdeba.
sagareo saqmeTa ministr salome zurabiSvilis vizitisas moskovSi
pirvelad gacxadda oficialuri Tbilisis pozicia _ ruseTis bazebi
saqarTvelodan aucileblad unda gavidnen samwlian vadaSi. amiT nawilobriv
gaifanta eWvi, TiTqos ruseTis uSiSroebis sabWos mdivnis, igor ivanovis
pozitiuri Careva baTumis krizisSi iq ganlagebuli rusuli bazebis datovebis
sanacvlod moxda. rusul bazebs, gamocdilma qarTvelma diplomatma,
msoflioSi arsebuli teroristuli safrTxis fonze axali definicia mouZebna
_ “terorizmis samizne”. bazebis punqti gaxda mTavari sakiTxi CarCo-
xelSekrulebis proeqtze msjelobis drosac _ ruseTi iTxovda
xelSekrulebaSi asaxuliyo valdebuleba, rom rusuli bazebis gayvanis Semdeg
saqarTveloSi sxva qveynis bazebi ar ganTavsdeboda. salome zurabiSvilma
ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo ar apirebs sakuTar teritoriaze arc erTi qveynis
bazis ganlagebas, magram CarCo xelSekruleba ar aris is dokumenti, romelSic
msgavsi tipis gancxadeba unda gakeTdes. (“mTavari gazeTi”, “dilis gazeTi”, 8
maisi, 2004) salome zurabiSvilis moskovuri vizitis gaSuqebisas presam
yuradReba gaamaxvila erTi SexedviT meorexarisxovan, magram axali realobis
gamomxatvel detalze _ qarTvelma diplomatma ara mxolod preskonferencia,
aramed oficialuri molaparakebebic qarTul enaze gamarTa, rac imdenad
uCveulo aRmoCnda ruseTis sagareo uwyebisTvis, rom Tarjimnis miwveva post-
faqtum dasWirdaT.
saqarTvelos premier-ministris, zurab Jvanias moskovSi vizitis mizani,
oficialuri versiiT, ruseT-saqarTvelos ekonomikuri forumis Tema iyo,
xolo araoficialuriT _ afxazeTi. presaSi viTardeboda varaudi, rom am
vizitzea damokidebuli 26 maiss mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadeba afxazeTis
Taobaze, ris Sesaxebac igi winaswar iuwyeboda. (rogorc Cans, aWaris
problemis mogvarebis eiforiam separatistuli regionebis problemis gadaWris
iluziac Seqmna, magram prezidentis mier 26 maiss warmoTqmul sityvaSi
konkretuli siaxle afxazeTis Taobaze ar gaJRerebula). saqarTvelos premier-

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ministrTan Sexvedrisas ruseTis sagareo uwyeba kvlav miubrunda tradiciul
Temas _ moTxovnas, rom saqarTvelom ormxrivi xelSekrulebiT daadasturos
mesame qveynis samxedro Zalebze uaris Tqmis sakiTxi. moskovs afrTxobs
Crdiloatlantikuri aliansis metismetad miaxloeba sakuTar sazRvrebTan.
rogorc presa aRniSnavs, Jvaniam mianiSna ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs,
rom esec SeiZleba ganxilvis sagani gaxdes, anu saqarTvelo am mxriv
kompromisze wava, Tu ruseTi Seicvlis politikas afxazeTTan dakavSirebiT.
amave dros, zurab Jvaniam Seaxsena ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrs, sergei
lavrovs, rom Tbilisi mzad aris, saqarTvelodan rusuli samxedro
kontingentis gayvanis sanacvlod, gaiTvaliswinos moskovis interesebi da
terorizmis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad TbilisSi Seiqmnas erToblivi
antiteroristuli centri, Sesabamisi Zalismieri struqturiT. (“dilis gazeTi”,
“24 saaTi”, “alia”, 25-27 maisi, 2004)
mixeil saakaSvilis viziti TurqeTSi, aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis
Semdeg, mniSvnelovani iyo erTdroulad ramdenime faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT:
TurqeTi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis pirveli dReebidanve angariSgasawevi
da saimedo partnioria; aslan abaSiZesa da centrs Soris urTierTobis
garTulebisas ki ankaris poziciam saqarTvelos xelisuflebas mniSvnelovani
samsaxuri gauwia da abaSiZem, didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, ver SeZlo yarsis
xelSekrulebaze apelirebiT saqarTvelosTvis saxifaTo movlenebis
provocireba. aWaraSi centraluri xelisuflebis iurisdiqciis srulad
aRdgenis Semdeg TurqeT-saqarTvelos ekonomikur urTierTobasac sul sxva
datvirTva mieca. mixeil saakaSvilma imedi gamoTqva, rom saqarTveloSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki aWaris regionSi, Turquli kapitali warmatebiT imuSavebs.
TurqeTis prezident ahmed sezerTan Sexvedrisas mixeil saakaSvili axali
iniciativiT gamovida. man SesaZleblad miiCnia saqarTvelo-TurqeTis
damakavSirebeli sarkinigzo magistralis amoqmedeba, romelmac saqarTvelo
evropas, xolo TurqeTi centralur aziasa da ruseTTan unda daakavSiros.
mogvianebiT presa aRniSnavda, rom TurqeT-saqarTvelos rkinigzis mSeneblobis
perspeqtivam seriozulad SeaSfoTa somxeTisa da ruseTis xelisufleba,
romelTa interesebSi, pirvel rigSi, soxumi-Tbilisis sarkinigzo magistralis
amoqmedeba Sedis. vizitisas gamoikveTa, aseve, ori qveynis damakavSirebeli didi
avtobanis mSeneblobis, savizo reJimis gamartivebis perspeqtiva; es ki im
pirobebSi, roca TurqeTi da saqarTvelo evrokavSirisken miiswrafvian,
daaCqarebs ara mxolod ekonomikuri, aramed politikuri sistemebis
integrirebasac. SesaZloa, TurqeTi gaxdes evropasTan ara mxolod

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saqarTvelos, aramed, zogadad kavkasiis damakavSirebeli xidi. mniSvnelovani
iyo mixeil saakaSvilis Sexvedra TurqeTis moqalaqeebTan _ qarTuli
warmomavlobis biznesmenebTan, romlebsac man ormagi moqalaqeobis miRebisa da
saqarTveloSi maTi investiciebis dacvis garantia misca. (21 maisis presa)
“milionerTa desanti saqarTveloSi”, “rusuli eqspedicia Tu rusuli
eqspansia”, “ruseTis megobruli xeli Tu ekonomikuri eqspansia”, “rusuli
mowyaleba Tu imperiuli ganzraxva”, “rogori rusi ufro saxifaToa _ fuliani
Tu ufulo?”, “rusuli biznesi rusul politikas xarks uxdis”, “Ria TamaSi
saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris” _ es saTaurebi kargad gamoxatavs presis
saerTo damokidebulebas saqarTvelo-ruseTis biznes-forumisadmi. “am
TviTmfrinavTan erTad ramdenime miliardi dolaris investicia “Camofrinda.”
maTgan saqarTveloSi ramdeni ganxorcieldeba, qarTul mxarezea
damokidebuli”, _ TviTmfrinavidan CamosvlisTanave ganacxada ruseTis
ekonomikisa da ganviTarebis ministrma german grefma. (“24 saaTi”, 28.05.2004)
grefis Sesaxeb presa gvauwyebs, rom igi “kremlis ekonomikuri agresiis erT-
erTi arqiteqtoria”. biznes-forumi da bolo dros gaaqtiurebuli rusuli
faqtori presas aZlevs safuZvels “axal realobaze” msjelobisTvis: rogorc
Cans, amerikas araferi aqvs sawinaaRmdego saqarTveloSi rusuli kapitalis
Semosvlis, magram vaSingtoni mtkivneulad reagirebs yvela tendenciaze, rac,
maTi azriT, xels SeuSlis saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT navTobsadenisa
da, gansakuTrebiT, gazsadenis, mSeneblobas. am konteqstSi ganixileba
prezident saakaSvilis gancxadebac, rom strategiuli gazsadenebi da portebi
privatizebas ar eqvemdebareba. Tumc, mas ar gamouricxavs gazsadenis proeqtSi
“gazpromis” monawileoba _ wilobrivi sawarmos SeqmniT, romelSic rusul
kompanias sakontrolo paketi ar eqneba. (29-31 maisis presa, 2004)
zemoaRniSnuli vizitebisa da, saerTod, qarTul politikaSi ruseTis
rolis gaaqtiurebis fonze, presa intensiurad ganixilavs kavkasiaSi
geopolitikuri koniunqturis Secvlisa da saqarTvelos sasargeblod misi
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas. presaSi ikveTeba rusi politologebis SeSfoTeba
da qarTvelebis optimizmi, Tumc, maTi mosazrebebi erT wertilSi mainc
ikveTeba _ ruseTs am viTarebaSi ar gaaCnia gansazRvruli kavkasiuri politika,
aseve, man ar icis, rogor aagos axali urTierToba saqarTvelosTan. meore
mxriv, figurirebs mosazrebac, rom putini saqarTveloSi kapitals cvlis;
aslan abaSiZesa da soxumis axlandel reJimsac elcinisdroindel figurebTan
hqondaT urTierToba. am TvalsazrisiT moskovisa da Tbilisis poziciebi
erTmaneTs emTxveva _ putini cdilobs finansebi daimorCilos da

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gaakontrolos, saakaSvili _ saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia aRadginos. amasTan,
konfliqtebis mogvareba diplomatiuri TvalsazrisiTac momgebiania
ruseTisTvis, igi, bolos da bolos, Seasrulebs samSvidobo misias da dsT-is
sivrcesa da, kerZod, kavkasiaSi sakuTar funqciebs daafiqsirebs. garda amisa,
presaSi gvxvdeba versiac, rom SesaZloa aWarasa da afxazeTSi, ruseTis
interesis dasakmayofileblad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam Tavisufali
ekonomikuri zona SemoiRos; amasTan, cnos afxazeTSi rusuli biznesis mier
Sesyiduli obieqtebis kanoniereba.
SesaZloa, amgvari axsna nawilobriv pasuxobdes kiTxvebs, romelic
aqtiurad musirebs 2004 wlis maisis presaSi _ ratom Seasrula ruseTma
revoluciebad wodebul procesebSi pozitiuri roli; ra daTmo saqarTvelom
sanacvlod? saqarTvelos xelisufleba prorusulia Tu aSS-m moaxdina
zemoqmedeba ruseTze? qarTuli presa, aWaris movlenebTan dakavSirebiT
msoflios sainformacio saSualebebis gamoxmaurebaze dayrdnobiT, aRniSnavs,
rom saqarTveloSi noembrisa da maisis revoluciebis mSvidobianad dasruleba
ori giganti saxelmwifos _ aSS-isa da ruseTis garigebis Sedegia.
politologi ramaz sayvareliZe saqarTvelos loialobas ruseTis ekonomikuri
politikisa da kapitalis mimarT aSS-is politikas ukavSirebs. misi azriT,
aseTi moqmedebiT vaSingtons surs ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobis simZime ar
daawves aSS-s, rogorc es eqsprezident SevardnaZis dros iyo da Tbilisma
aiRos sakuTar Tavze am problemis mogvareba, ekonomikuri meqanizmebis
CarTviT. (“rezonansi”, 29.05.2004) am mosazrebas amyarebs aSS-Si salome
zurabiSvilis vizitisas kolin pauelTan Sexvedris Semdgom gakeTebuli
gancxadebebi imis Taobaze, rom amerika ar aris winaaRmdegi saqarTveloSi
arsebuli konfliqtebi ruseTis daxmarebiT mogvardes. es gancxadeba miT ufro
mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am Sexvedris ZiriTadi Tema aWaris
sakiTxi, cxinvalis regionisa da afxazeTis problemebi iyo. (“mTavari gazeTi”,
02.06.2004)
presis analizisas TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba _ evroatlantikuri
integraciis Tema, romelic wina periodSi figurirebda sagareo prioritetebis
gansazRvrisas, erTgvarad CrdilSi moeqca. rogorc aRvniSneT, evropis Temis
gaaqtiurebiT saqarTvelos xelisufleba cdilobda ruseTis Tavmoyvareoba
nakleb Selaxuliyo _ dasavleTisken saqarTvelos swrafvis gamo. rogorc
Cans, am TvalsazrisiT “evroatlantikurma mesijma” ukve Seasrula garkveuli
sainformacio da diplomatiuri funqcia. amasTan, presaSi aqtiurdeba nato-s
Tema, isev da isev ruseTis TemasTan mWidro kavSirSi.

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 sazogadoebrivi azrisa da marketinguli kvlevebis asociacia “gorbis”
informaciiT, 2004 wels warmoebuli kvlevis monacemebiT, wina wlebTan
SedarebiT, gamokiTxulTa kidev ufro didi nawili _ 76% uWers mxars
Crdilo-atlantikur aliansSi saqarTvelos gawevrianebis ideas (kvlevaSi
monawileobda 2000 respondenti saqarTvelos masStabiT). politolog kaxa
qenqaZes 3-4 weliwadSi nato-Si saqarTvelos Sesvla realurad esaxeba,
ramdenadac, saqarTvelo nato-s sami didi samomavlo iniciativis (programa _
partnioroba mSvidobisaTvis, xmelTaSuazRvis dialogi, stambolis
TanamSromlobis iniciativa) gadakveTis wertilSi eqceva. (“rezonansi”,
23.06.2004)
nato-s Temas presaSi laitmotivad gasdevs am sakiTxTan ruseTis mwvave
damokidebulebis aqcenti. miuxedavad imisa, rom ivnisSi briuselidan
saqarTvelos delegacia miliardiani daxmarebis perspeqtiviT dabrunda,
rusuli mediis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca ara imdenad es faqti, aramed,
saqarTvelos Tavdacvis ministris, giorgi baramiZis, gancxadeba donori
qveynebis winaSe _ rom saqarTvelo mzadaa natos jarebs Tavisi teritoria
dauTmos. amgvari gancxadeba TavisTavadac alogikuri iyo, saqarTvelos
prezidentisa da sagareo saqmeTa ministris mier araerTgzis dafiqsirebuli,
diametralurad gansxvavebuli poziciis fonze. Sesabamisad, mediasac gauWirda
misi axsna. politolog paata zaqareiSvilis komentariT, ministris gancxadebas
iseTi datvirTva ara aqvs, rogoric prezidentis gancxadebas; meorec _ aSS-s
ruseTTan urTierTobis gafuWeba ar uRirs, miT ufro, rom strategiuli
TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi bazebis ganlageba bevrs arafers moutans da
TurqeTi absoluturad akmayofilebs. (“rezonansi”, 19.06.2004)
amave periodSi, xangrZlivi pauzis Semdeg, ruseTsa da saqarTvelos
Soris ganaxlda konsultaciebi samxedro sakiTxebze. Tbilisma moskovs,
samxedro bazebis nacvlad, saqarTveloSi rusul-qarTuli antiteroristuli
centris Seqmna SesTavaza. samxedro eqspertebis varaudiT, CeCnur-inguSuri
movlenebi ruseTs qmediTi erToblivi antiteroristuli centris Seqmnisken
ubiZgebs. ruseTis Tavdacvis ministri sergei ivanovi acxadebs, rom
antiteroristuli centris Seqmna bazebis likvidaciis procesTan ar aris
dakavSirebuli (Tumc, Tavis droze amgvari centris Seqmnis idea ruseTis
xelisuflebas ekuTvnoda). ruseTTan samxedro molaparakebaSi warmatebis
misaRwevad saqarTvelos mTavroba mzadaa oficialuradac daadasturos, rom
qveynis teritoriaze ucxo qveynis bazebis ganlagebas ar apirebs. rogorc
aRvniSneT, moskovSi vizitisas, saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministrma salome

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zurabiSvilma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo ar apirebs sakuTar teritoriaze
arc erTi qveynis bazis ganlagebas, magram CarCo-xelSekruleba ar aris is
dokumenti, romelSic msgavsi tipis gancxadeba unda gakeTdes. amjerad igi
mizanSewonilad miiCnevs es pozicia CarCo xelSekrulebaSi dafiqsirdes.
(“saqarTvelos respublika”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 23.06.2004) amasTan, vidre ruseTis
bazebis gayvanis sakiTxi ar gadawydeba, saqarTvelos xelisufleba
SeuZleblad miiCnevs ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris CarCo-xelSekrulebis
gaformebas.
nato-s stambulis samitis win ruseTi bazebiT “vaWrobas” iwyebs;
Tavdacvis ministri asaxelebs bazebis gayvanis “SeRavaTian” Tanxas _ 300 mln
dolars, 500-is nacvlad. gazeT “rezonansis” informaciiT, saqarTveloSi
darCenil or rusul bazaze _ axalqalaqsa da baTumSi dasaqmebuli rusi
samxedroebisa da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis saerTo raodenoba daaxloebiT
5000-ia. samxedro eqspert irakli aladaSvilis azriT, maTi gayvanisTvis 300
mln dolaris dasaxeleba gadaWarbebulia; miT ufro, rom samxedro
mosamsaxureTa didi nawili adgilobrivi mosaxlea, romelTac ruseTis
moqalaqeoba miiRes da, bazebis gayvanis SemTxvevaSi Tu saqarTveloSi darCenas
gadawyveten, maTze saqarTvelos xelisufleba izrunebs. (“rezonansi”, 23.06.2004)
nato-s samitze specialuri komunike miiRes, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom
saqarTvelodan da moldovadan ruseTis bazebis gayvana “evropaSi Cveulebrivi
SeiaraRebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis” ratificirebis pirobebs Seqmnis. ruseTis
sagareo saqmeTa ministri sergei lavrovi cdilobda aliansis moTxovnebis
ignorirebas; misi ganmartebiT, “xelSekrulebis ratifikacia iuridiulad ar
ukavSirdeba bazebis gayvanis process. Tumca, rusi diplomati imasac aRniSnavs,
rom, “keTili nebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi SesaZloa operatiulad
mogvardes.” ruseTis saxelmwifo saTaTbiroSi ki acxadeben, rom keTili neba
saqarTvelos mxridan nato-Si integrirebaze uaris Tqmaa.” (“mTavari gazeTi,”
29.06.2004) saqarTvelom ara Tu uari Tqva nato-sken swrafvaze, aramed samitze
damtkicda aliansTan saqarTvelos individualuri partniorobis programis
samxedro nawili da oficialurad gaxda cnobili, rom agvistoSi saqarTvelos
oficialuri vizitiT ewvevoda nato-s generaluri mdivani hop sxeferi.
nato-s stambulis samitze Sedga saqarTvelos prezidentis pirispir
Sexvedra aSS-is prezidentTan, romelzec, presis versiiT, bazebis gayvanis
sakiTxzec isaubres. jorj buSisa da mixeil saakaSvilis Sexvedris Semdeg
JurnalistebisaTvis cnobili gaxda, rom nato-s wevri qveynebis erToblivi
komunike mouwodebs ruseTs daaCqaros saqarTvelodan da moldovadan

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samxedro bazebis gayvanis procesi. garda amisa, komunikeSi saqarTvelo da
zogadad kavkasia, moxseniebulia, rogorc nato-sTvis strategiulad
mniSvnelovani regioni. nato-s aseT damokidebulebas ruseTis sagareo uwyebis
xelmZRvanelma arakoreqtuli uwoda da aliansi ruseTis mimarTulebiT
samxedro gaaqtiurebaSi daadanaSaula: “es organizacia axal saxelmwifoebs
iTvisebs da sul ufro aZlierebs Tavis Zalebs ruseTis sazRvrebTan. nato
angariSs ar uwevs ruseTis interesebs da calmxriv gadawyvetilebebs iRebs”, _
ganacxada ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma da samiti protestis niSnad
datova, ise rom xeli ar moawera dokuments evroatlantikuri partniorobis
ganaxlebaze. lavrovis demarSis sapasuxod, saqarTvelos prezidentma
ganacxada, rom konfliqtebi kavkasiaSi swored ruseTis Seqmnilia da mas aqvs
imedi, rom prezidenti putini am sakiTxebs realisturad miudgeba.
(“xvalindeli dRe”, “24 saaTi”, 30 ivnisi, 2004) am konteqstSi naTlad gamoCnda
is realuri mizezi, ris gamoc ruseTis prezidentma, mravalgzis mipatiJebis
miuxedavad, Tavi aarida samitSi monawileobas.
sainteresoa, rom rusuli sainformacio portali “regnum”, publikaciaSi
_ “rusuli demarSi stambulSi”, aRniSnavs, rom saqarTvelos prezidentma
moaxerxa lavrovis demarSis Semdeg daZabuli situaciis ganmuxtva. marTalia,
man ganacxada, rom konfliqtebis warmoqmnas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebda
ruseTi, magram isic aRniSna, rom “dReisaTvis ruseT-saqarTvelos
urTierTobebi TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezoblobis principebiT warimarTeba.
“regnumis” informaciiT, amis Semdeg lavrovma ganacxada, rom darbazidan misi
gasvla politikuri mosazrebiT ar iyo nakarnaxevi. (Regnum.ru.29.06.04)
mixeil saakaSvili samitis oficialur gaxsnamdec acxadebda, rom
“bolos da bolos warsuls unda Cabardes is dro, roca konfliqtebze
saubars yvela Tavs aridebda” da miznad isaxavda konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT
nato-s wevri qveynebis informirebas. samitis amsaxvel publikaciebSi vxvdebiT
informacias, rom aSS cdilobs evropis rolis gaaqtiurebas kavkasiis
konfliqtebis mogvarebis procesSi. analitikosebis azriT, arsebobs ori gza _
an kavkasia unda iqces dasavleTis da ruseTis TanamSromlobis placdarmad,
an aSS-isa da ruseTis (ara mxolod!) interesTa dapirispirebis zonad. presaSi
viTardeba mosazrebac, rom Zlieri da keTilganwyobili saqarTvelo ruseTs
samxreTiT mTel rig problemebs avtomaturad mouxsnis; kremlSic Znelad,
magram acnobiereben, rom moZlierebuli saqarTvelo sasargeblo iqneba Tavad
ruseTisTvis. (“xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 29.06.2004)

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 politologi ramaz sayvareliZe, samitis Sedegebis komentirebisas,
SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams im konfliqturi ganlagebis gamo, romlis mixedviTac
nato da saqarTvelo erTmaneTis mxares arian, xolo ruseTi _ calke. aman
SeiZleba sirTuleebi warmoSvas, rogorc afxazeTis, ise oseTis mimarTulebiT.
(“rezonansi”, 30.06.2004) am mosazrebis ilustraciad gamodgeba rusuli mediis
gamoxmaureba stambulis samitze _ gaRizianeba ara mxolod bazebis sakiTxiT,
aramed buSisa da saakaSvilis pirispir saubriT da im faqtiTac, rom
protokoliT gaTvaliswinebuli fotos gadaRebisas buSi demonstratiulad
daudga gverdiT qarTvel kolegas.
stambulis samitis “damsaxurebaa” ruseTis federaciis uSiSroebis
sabWos mdivnis, igor ivanovis gancxadeba, rom “xelisuflebis Secvla jer
saqarTveloSi da Semdeg aWaraSi, ar yofila arc vardebis da arc xaverdovani
revolucia. es iyo xelisuflebis ZaliT Secvla da orive SemTxvevaSi
sisxlisRvris Tavidan acileba ruseTis damsaxurebaa.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.
2004)
nato-s stambulis samits qarTuli presa qarTuli diplomatiis
warmatebad miiCnevs; “dilis gazeTi” werda, rom prezidentma saakaSvilma
TurqeTi media-teqnologiebiT daipyro, igi srulyofilad flobs axali epoqis
teqnologiebs. prezident saakaSvilis SefasebiT, “saqarTvelosTvis iwyeba
sruliad axali etapi. dagvWirdeba dro, dagvWirdeba moTmineba”; “nato
bileTia evrokavSirSi Sesasvlelad.” (“dilis gazeTi”, “24 saaTi”, “mTavari
gazeTi”, 01.07.2004)
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom nato-s samitze sapatio stumris statusiT miwveuli
mixeil saakaSvilisTvis stambulSi yofna mniSvnelovani iyo TurqeTTan
urTierTobis gaRrmavebis TvalsazrisiTac. presis SefasebiT, TurqeTis
xelisuflebam saqarTvelosTan gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis
demonstrireba moaxdina; mixeil saakaSvils stambulis erT-erTma
municipalitetma sazeimo Sexvedra mouwyo, vardebiTa da koncertiT. Tavis
mxriv, saakaSvilma, frangul “le mond”-Tan interviuSi, ganacxada, rom evropam
unda Seafasos TurqeTis Rirsebebi da am Sefasebaze religiurma sakiTxma
gavlena ar unda moaxdinos. TurqeTis evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis SemTxvevaSi,
saqarTvelo mas avtomaturad mihyveba. stambulSi myof saqarTvelos
prezidents oficialuri Sexvedra hqonda TurqeTis prezident axmed nejef
sezerTan. Sexvedraze gadawyda saqarTveloSi Turq biznesmenTa askaciani
delegaciisa da TurqeTis premier-ministris Camosvla da biznesforumis
gamarTva. (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 29.06.2004)

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 nato-s samitis Temis gaanalizebisas gazeT “axal versiaSi” yuradReba
miipyro aseTma mosazrebam: “ruseTze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, amerika dasayrdens
ara mxolod kavkasiaSi, aramed mTlianad axlo aRmosavleTSi eZebs. qarTvel
eqspertTa erTi nawilis mtkicebiT, ukve SemuSavebulia dasavluri gegma am
procesSi fereidneli qarTvelebis CarTvis TvalsazrisiT. amerikas surs
iranSi fexis mosakideblad da musulmanuri fundamentalizmis winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad Zlieri placdarmi Seqmnas. daudasturebeli informaciiT,
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ukve misca Tanxmoba am procesSi fereidnel
qarTvelTa CarTvasTan dakavSirebiT. am mizniT, qarTuli mxare fereidanSi
specialur ideologiur muSaobas daiwyebs. aseve, amerikuli dasayrdenis
kuTxiT ganixilebian TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebic.” (“axali versia”, 28.06.2004)
amave gazeTSi, prezident saakaSvilis iranuli voiaJisadmi miZRvnil
publikaciaSi, es mosazreba ukve saTaursa da qvesaTaurSi figurirebs:
“dasavluri interesebi fereidanSi”, “amerika iranSi politikur dasayrdens
eZebs”. publikaciis lidSi ki vkiTxulobT: “saxelisuflo kuluarebSi”
saubari daiwyo imaze, rom saqarTvelo iranSi dasavlur interesebs lobirebs.
laparakia fereidanSi erTgvari samxedro-politikuri placdarmis Seqmnaze,
romelsac amerika islamisturi fundamentalizmis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad
gamoiyenebs. saqarTvelos am gegmaSi mTavari ideologis funqcia akisria.”
politologi ramaz sayvareliZe, am mosazrebis komentirebisas, ar gamoricxavs
“fereidnuli kartis” gaTamaSebas, magram fiqrobs, rom buSis administracia am
gegmidan maincadamainc did Sedegs ar unda elodes; fereidnuli diaspora
iranSi ar warmoadgens iseT Zlier warmonaqmns, rom man seriozuli rolis
Sesruleba SeZlos: “Tuki Tbilissa da moskovs Soris bolo periodSi damTbar
urTierTobebs gaviTvaliswinebT, ar aris gamoricxuli, saqarTvelo iranSi
ara mxolod amerikis, aramed ruseTis interesebis lobistadac mogvevlinos,”
_ aRniSnavs sayvareliZe. misive TqmiT, “kavkasiis regionSi Znelad moiZebneba
qveyana, romelsac erTnairad miesvleba rogorc iranTan da TurqeTTan, ise
amerikasTan da ruseTTan. swored am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos
Tavisuflad SeuZlia politikuri dambalanseblis funqciebi sakuTar Tavze
aiRos.” (“axali versia”, 09.07.2004)
es versia uniadago ar Cans imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, rom nato-s samitis
wina periodSi saqarTvelos telearxebi (“mze”, “imedi”, “rusTavi-2”) erTmaneTs
aswrebdnen fereidnelebsa Tu lazebze gadaRebuli axali videofilmebis
Cvenebas. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mixeil saakaSvilis stumrobam fereidanSi

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Zlieri emociuri foni Seqmna da es viziti ar gadaido agvistoSi cxinvalis
regionSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis miuxedavadac.
saakaSvilisa da putinis araformaluri Sexvedra moskovSi, nato-s
samitis logikuri gagrZeleba iyo. Sexvedram, presis informaciiT, dagegmilze
gacilebiT met xans gastana; saakaSvili cdilobda putinis darwmunebas, rom
saqarTveloSi nato-s samxedro baza ar amoqmeddeba, ruseTis bazebs
“adamianuri pirobebis sruli dacviT gaacilebs” da rom ruseTs SeuZlia
saqarTvelosTan erTobliv antiteroristul centrSi iTanamSromlos. rogorc
Cans, putinis darwmuneba nawilobriv mainc moxerxda, radgan saakaSvilis
gancxadebiT, kremli Tanaxmaa saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis savizo reJimi
gaamartivos. ruseTis prezidenti ki acxadebs, rom mzadaa ganixilos
saqarTvelos konkretuli winadadebebi konfliqtis (cxinvalis) mowesrigebis
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT; rom ruseTis uSiSroebis sabWo da saqarTvelos
uSiSroebis sabWo daiwyeben praqtikuli nabijebis gadadgmas erToblivi
antiteroristuli centris Sesaqmnelad.
presis publikaciebSi ar konkretdeba, SeTanxmdnen Tu ara prezidentebi
cxinvalis konfliqtSi ruseTis srul Caurevlobaze, Tumc, mixeil saakaSvili
acxadebs, rom “putini keTilganwyobilia da osebs ruseTis Carevis imedi aRar
unda hqondeT”. gazeT “izvestia”-sTvis micemul interviuSi igi ambobs, rom ori
qveynis urTierTobaSi imaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi arsebobs, vidre “samxreT
oseTia”. amiT saakaSvili kokoiTis reJims mianiSnebs, rom moskovisTvis
cxinvalis regioni ar aris iseTi strategiuli mniSvnelobis, kremls rom
dasavleTTan urTierTobis gafuWebad uRirdes.MgazeT “axali versiis”
komentariT, “ruseTs nato-s kompleqsi aqvs gadasalaxi da, rogorc Cans,
prezidenti saakaSvili cdilobs putins es problema maqsimalurad
umtkivneulod moagvarebinos.” (“axali versia”, 05.07.2004)G yuradRebas
SevaCerebT erT niuanszec: erTaderTi dokumenti, romelTan dakavSirebiTac
dsT-is moskovis araoficialuri samitis monawile prezidentebma oficialuri
pozicia gamoxates, yazaxeTis iniciativa iyo _ euTo-s saqmianobis kritikulad
Sefasebis moTxovna. es winadadeba ruseTmac moiwona. saqarTvelosa da
azerbaijanis prezidentebma ki euTo-s sawinaaRmdego gancxadebis miRebas mxari
ar dauWires. K
2004 wlis oqtomberSi, saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili, am
wlis bolo sagareo vizitiT, ewvia baltiispireTis respublikebs _ estoneTs,
latviasa da litvas. vizitebis amsaxvel publikaciebSi ikveTeba, rom baltiis
qveynebTan mWidro TanamSromloba evrostruqturebSi saqarTvelos integraciis

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erT-erTi realuri garantiaa. vizitebis Sedegebidan, rogorc Tavad prezidenti
mixeil saakaSvili aRniSnavs, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania litvaSi
xelmowerili deklaracia regionuli TanamSromlobisa da evropuli da evro-
atlantikuri integraciis sferoSi Tanadgomis Sesaxeb: “es imas niSnavs, rom
nato-sa da evropis kavSirSi lobisti gagviCnda... Cven erToblivi iniciativiT
gamovdivarT _ 3+3 formatiT Seiqmnas sami kavkasiuri da baltiispireTis sami
saxelmwifos axali regionuli TanamSromlobis meqanizmi. es meqanizmi
somxeTs, saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans yovelmxriv waadgeba. baltiis sami
qveyana dagvexmareba, rom Cveni interesebi evrokavSirSi gaaJReros,
davuaxlovdeT evropas da yvela evropul organizaciaSi Cveni xma mudmivad
ismodes.” (“24 saaTi”, 15-16,10.2004) politologi soso cincaZe yuradRebas
amaxvilebs im faqtorze, rom nato-s standartebTan miaxloebis TvalsazrisiT
baltiis qveynebs didi gamocdileba aqvT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac,
rom ukrainaSi prorusuli Zalebis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSi Zalian
mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba am regionSi geostrategiuli paseansi. (“rezonansi”,
13.10.2004)
yovelive zemoTqmuli saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT:
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi sainformacio velSi diskursi
_ saqarTvelo-ruseTi-aSS TiTqos arsebiTad ar Secvlila, magram gansxvaveba
mainc TvalSisacemia; tradiciuli “rusuli faqtori” isev ZalaSi rCeba, magram
ruseTis yovlisSemZleobis fsiqologiur da sainformacio imijs TandaTan
enacvleba axali rakursi _ saqarTvelos problemebis gasaRebi aRar Zevs
mxolod ruseTSi; garda imisa, rom ara mxolod saqarTvelo, aramed
dasavleTic aucileblad uwevs angariSs ruseTis faqtors, Tavis mxriv,
ruseTsac uxdeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi interesisa da, pirovnulad,
mixeil saakaSvilis faqtoris gaTvaliswineba. saqarTvelos prezidenti, erTis
mxriv, Tavs uflebas aZlevs “saxeli daarqvas” ruseTis damokidebulebas
saqarTvelos mimarT (magaliTad gamodgeba Tundac misi gancxadeba nato-s
stambulis samitze), meore mxriv, paralelurad avrcelebs mesijs, rom mas
yovelTvis aqvs prezident putinis pragmatuli politikis, masTan
konstruqciuli dialogisa da megobruli urTierTobis imedi. putini,
ZiriTadad, pozitiur konteqstSi figurirebs, realisti politikosis imijiT.
rusuli mxaris “Zveli mentalobis” tipiur magaliTad ki, gamodgeba rusi
parlamentaris mier qarTveli JurnalistebisTvis naTqvami fraza: “Cvenma vovam
Tqvens buSs afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi Caabara.” (“24 saaTi”, 11.06.2004) es
fraza movixmeT kidev erT tendenciaze misaniSnebladac _ presaSi (2004 wlis

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agvistos movlenebamde) marTlac igrZnoba ruseTisa da aSS-is “garigebis”
meSveobiT konfliqtebis mogvarebis imedi.
saqarTvelo-ruseTis konfrontaciisa da saqarTvelo-aSS-is partniorobis
dasabalanseblad wina planze iwevs ekonomikuri faqtori, rac, presaSi
Seqmnili suraTis mixedviT, momgebiania samive mxarisa da, plus, evropisTvis.
saqarTvelos “proevropuli” aqcentis gaZliereba ara mxolod ruseTis
gaRizianebis (umTavresad, nato-sken saqarTvelos miswrafebis gamo)
gamaneitralebeli mesijia, aramed igi, amasTan, gamoxatavs, saqarTvelos mimarT
evropis interesis gaaqtiurebasac.
disertaciis am nawilSi SevecadeT SeZlebisdagvarad farTod
warmogvedgina presis sagareo-politikuri aqcentebi, ramdenadac, saqarTvelo
iyo da aris qveyana, romlis arsebobasa da ganviTarebas, arsebiTad,
gansazRvravs saerTaSoriso koniunqtura. 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi _
aWaraSi, agvistoSi ki _ cxinvalis regionSi ganviTarebul movlenebTan
ruseTis, aSS-isa da evropis mimarTebas ganvixilavT Sesabamis qveTavebSi _
“aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba” da
“konfliqturi regionebi”; xolo monakveTi _ “saqarTveloSi jorj buSis
vizitis rezonansi presaSi” asaxavs axal geopolitikur realobaSi
saqarTvelos CarTvis perspeqtivas.

 destabilizaciis “sainformacio uzrunvelyofa”

“Cemi kolegebis arcTu umniSvnelo nawili seqtember-oqtomberSi did

sensaciebsa da cxel-cxel reportaJebs gegmavs... iwereba “serialebi” haerSi
datrialebul denTis sunze, saeWvo SenaerTebze, xalxis azvirTebul talRebsa
da areulobebze... Jurnalistebi mondomebiT cdiloben, rogorme daaCqaron
sasurveli realobis dadgoma... bevri publikacia Tu satelevizio gadacema
xalxis danamuseba da Segulianebaa _ amdens vlaparakobT, devebTan mebrZol
gmirebad gsaxavT da, aba Tqven iciT, ar gamogvWraT yeli, saSemodgomod
mosavlis aRebas ar gadahyveT da “destabilizaciis” gareSe ar dagvtovoTo...”,
_ werda 2000 wlis ivlisSi, gazeT “dros” mTavari redaqtori, marine
gigineiSvili, publikaciaSi, romlis saTauri _ “kolegebo, “nanatri”
destabilizacia igvianebs!” _ pirdapir SexebaSia Cveni sadisertacio naSromis
am qveTavis dasaxelebasTan. (96) “JurnalistebSi”, rogorc Cans, marine
gigineiSvili Tavis kolegebs, gamomcemlebsa da gazeTebis xelmZRvanelebs

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gulisxmobs, romelTa prioritetia dagegmva da saredaqcio politikis
warmarTva.
qveTavis amgvari dasaTaureba CvenTvis TviTmizani ar yofila; arc Cven da
arc moxmobili publikaciis avtori, ar vgulisxmobT, rom destabilizaciuri
procesebi KJurnalistebis surviliTa da fantaziiT iyo inicirebuli; magram
orive SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba, yovel konkretul etapze, detabilizaciisTvis
sainformacio fonis Seqmnis tendencia.
2000-2002 wlebSi destabilizaciis dinamika aseT suraTs qmnida:
o I wre _ 2000 weli _ prezident eduard SevardnaZis arCevisTanave dawyebuli,
misi da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis diskreditaciis kampaniidan _
“Semodgomis destabilizaciamde”, anu, noember-dekembris “energetikul
buntamde”;
o II wre _ 2001 weli _ wlis damdegs pankisSi ruseTis samxedro operaciis
dawyebis safrTxidan kvlav “Semodgomis destabilizaciamde”, anu e.w.
“noembris revoluciamde”;
o III wre – 2002 weli _ pankisis permanentuli safrTxisa da ruseTis agresiis
fonze _ kvlav sainformacio samzadisi “Semodgomis destabilizaciisaTvis”.
destabilizaciis scenarebi am wlebSi daaxloebiT erTnairi
dramaturgiiT viTardeboda _ “moqmedi vulkani” _ pankisi, afxazeTi, kodori
da ruseTis safrTxis mudmivi sainformacio aJiotaJi; “saTadarigo variantebi”
_ samegrelo, samcxe-javaxeTi, socialuri ukmayofilebis gamoxatvisa da
demokratiis dacvis sababiT gamarTuli aqciebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
aqtiurobiTa da Sesabamisi sainformacio uzrunvelyofiT...
2000 wels _ aqciebi: rkinigzis gadaketva, feroSenadnobTa qarxnis
muSebis gaficva, “rusTavi 2”-is gadacema “60 wuTisa” da misi avtoris akaki
gogiCaiSvilis dasacavad, sasamarTlo reformis mxardasaWerad, presis
Tavisuflebis moTxovniT; feTqebadi samegrelo (“qobalias sindromi”);
“zviadistebis” gaqceva cixis respublikuri saavadmyofodan; devnilebi,
mravalSvilianebi saxelmwifo kancelariis misadgomebTan; wlis miwuruls _
“energetikuli bunti” politikuri moTxovnebiT...
2001 wels _ sainformacio fonis momzadeba pankisSi ruseTis samxedro
operaciis provocirebisTvis; muxrovanis amboxi; giorgi sanaias mkvlelobiT
gamowveuli aqciebi; devnilebis, mravalSvilianebis, meanabreebisa da a.S.
permanentuli aqciebi; erTi mxriv _ isev “rusTavi 2”-isa da presis
Tavisuflebis dacvis sababiT dawyebuli masobrivi mRelvareba (studentobis
aqtiurobiT), gadazrdili “noembris revoluciaSi” _ mTavrobisa da

79
prezidentis gadadgomis moTxovniT (rasac, sabolood, Sedegad mohyva
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, zurab Jvanias gadadgoma da Ss ministris, kaxa
TargamaZis gadayeneba Tanamdebobidan); meore mxriv _ kodoris, pankisisa da
afxazeTis safrTxis ukiduresi gawvaveba...
2002 weli _ pankisis garSemo situaciis kidev ufro daZabva “wrTvnisa da
aRWurvis programis” pasuxad, rusebis desanti kodorSi; dapirispirebis piki
“moqkavSirSi”, Jvaniasa da misi gundis gadasvla opoziciaSi; adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis saarCevno kampaniis gamoyeneba situaciis dasaZabavad,
bataliebi centralur saarCevno komisiasTan; bunti kojris batalionSi; kvlav
saomari moqmedebebis provocireba erTdroulad pankisis, kodorisa da
afxazeTis mimarTulebiT...
destabilizaciur procesebs saerTo fons uqmnida sainformacio amindis
Semqmneli mediis meSveobiT Camoyalibebuli stereotipi _ rom saqarTvelo
arSemdgari saxelmwifoa, rom saqarTvelo saSiSi qveyanaa.
2003 wels, “vardebis revoluciis” winaperiodSi, winaswar iqmneboda foni,
rom saqarTveloSi aucileblad gayalbdeboda arCevnebi da xalxi quCaSi unda
gamosuliyo; “xalxis quCaSi gamoyvana advilia, Seyvana ki _ Zneli... 1991 wels
gamoyvanili mosaxleoba jerac gareT aris”, _ ambobda yofili saxelmwifo
ministri da qristianul-demokratiuli kavSiris lideri vaJa lorTqifaniZe,
(“axali versia”, 02.06.2003). ivlisSi, saqarTveloSi jeims beikeris vizitma,
qarTul politikur sinamdvileSi mniSvnelovnad Secvala movlenebis
ganviTareba. prezidentTan da opoziciuri partiebis liderebTan ramdenime
daxuruli Sexvedris Semdeg cnobili gaxda, rom beikerma saqarTveloSi
saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis amerikuli sqema Camoitana da am sqemis
pirobebze mxareebis dayolieba moaxerxa. rogorc presa aRniSnavda, “beikeris
Camosvlam opozicias destabilizaciis gegma CauSala” da misma vizitma kidev
erTxel daamtkica, rom amerikis ZiriTadi mizani saqarTveloSi aris
stabiluri saxelmwifos Seqmna.
*
presaSi akumulirebuli mZafri emociuri muxti da destabilizaciis
molodini xSirad win uswrebs sazogadoebis adekvatur ganwyobas da TiTqos
erTgvari “sasignalo gasrolis” rols asrulebs. destabilizaciis
dramaturgiis ganviTarebas, mis sainformacio uzrunvelyofasa da rezonanss,
ganvixilavT 2000 wlis magaliTze, radgan ara mxolod am wels ganviTarebuli
procesebi, aramed maTTan presis mimarTeba uaRresad saintereso da
sagulisxmo suraTs qmnis.

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 “erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi socialur afeTqebas unda velodeT”, _ erTi
wliT adre akonkretebs “rezonansi” destabilizaciis TariRs da iqve, pirvel
gverdze, anSlagirebuli saTaurebiT amyarebs am prognozs _ “haerSi denTis
suni sul ufro da ufro mZafrdeba”, “SevardnaZes socialuri afeTqebisken
mivyavarT” (“rezonansi”, 22.05.2000); “Semodgomaze “bunti” atydeba” (“axali
Taoba”, 31.05.2000); “zedmiwevniT bevri aqcia moewyo gasul kviras. arc Tu
usafuZvlod Cndeba eWvi, rom es viRacas awyobs” (“dro”, 02.05.2000). sagazeTo
statiebsa da “t/k “rusTavi 2”-is eTerSi musirebas iwyebs “impiCmentis” cneba.
destabilizaciis dramaturgiuli xazis ganviTareba arc zafxulSi
wydeba, sayovelTao daZabulobis muxti ar unda ganeitraldes. amitomac,
zafxulSi wina planze iwevs samegrelos faqtori. prezidentis rwmunebuli
samegreloSi, bondo jiqia, regionSi situaciis daZabvas garkveul
destabilizaciur Zalebs abralebs da mTavrobis sxdomaze gadadgomas iTxovs
(jer kidev aprilSi gazeTi ”alia” werda, rom xelisuflebis mTavari berketi
jerjerobiT tyeSi gaxiznuli “TuTaSxiebia”). zafxulSi es berketi _ megreli
abragebis faqtori _ eliavas mkvlelobis garSemo atexili sainformacio
aJiotaJis fonze “amuSavda”. “samegrelo ar wamoegeba am ankesze!” _ ganucxada
Jurnalistebs akaki eliavas Zmam. zafxulSive kidev erTxel gaaqtiurda
saprotesto aqciebisa da gamosvlebis talRa, romelTagan TiToeuls,
bunebrivia, Tavisi gamomwvevi obieqturi mizezebi hqonda, magram, SesaZloa,
“saSemodgomo speqtaklis repeticiis” funqciac ekisreboda.
miuxedavad imisa, rom “politikuri Semodgoma” SedarebiT mSvidobianad
daiwyo, met-naklebad mSvidi gazeTis, “axali Taobis” mimomxilvelebic ki
saSemodgomo destabilizacias gardauval movlenad miiCneven. es termini
magiuri paroliviTaa, romelic, Tundac minavluli, mudmivad unda arsebobdes,
rom nebismier saWiro momentSi iyos SesaZlebeli misi gaaqtiureba, miT ufro,
daTqmul dros. “jer simSvidea. saSemodgomo mRelvareba albaT gardauvalia,
magram is saSiSi ar aris, Tu gansazRvrul normebSi Cajda. SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom aucilebelicaa, magram saSiSroebis gamoricxvis SesaZlebloba ar
arsebobs _ areulobis Seqmnis foni arsebobs”, _ erTgvari ironizebiT wers
“axali Taobis” Jurnalisti ani mirotaZe. (137).
saSemodgomo destabilizaciis preludiis roli isev “samegrelos
sindromma” Seasrula, romelsac maleve mohyva patimrebis gaqceva. “warsulis
aCrdilTa” Tu “marad guSindelTa” gaqceva cixis respublikuri
saavadmyofodan, SesaZloa, saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovan politikur procesTa
katalizatorad iqces, _ werda “dilis gazeTi” saredaqcio statiaSi, _

81
“qarTuli demokratiis” Senoba SeiZleba Zlieri politikuri miwisZvris
Sedegad daingres, Tu “qobalias sindromi” dasavleT saqarTveloSi
(upirvelesad samegreloSi) traibalizmSi gadaizrdeba an SeiaraRebul
eqscesebSi gamovlindeba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, “qobalias sindromi”, 3 oqtomberi,
2000).
“dilis gazeTis” imave nomerSi (isev saredaqcio statiiT!) patimrebis
gaqcevis Tema sxva rakursiTac Cndeba: “ar gamovricxav, rom es SemTxveva
bevrad ufro seriozuli gegmis nawili iyos”, _ ganacxada parlamentis
Tavmjdomarem cixis saavadmyofodan patimrebis gaqcevis Taobaze. qveynis
umaRles sakanonmdeblo organoSi eWvi aravis epareba, rom kviris movlenebi
qveyanaSi politikuri viTarebis ukiduresad daZabvaze aris gaTvlili. amas
zurab Jvaniac adasturebs: “gaangariSeba destabilizaciaze iyo”, _ acxadebs
igi... rezo adamia ufro kategoriulia da fiqrobs, rom gaqcevis mizani
xelisuflebis damxoba da Semdgom ukve qveynis saTaveSi mosvla iyo, rac
bunebrivia, gare Zalebis daxmarebis gareSe warmoudgenelia.” (99).
presis analitikur publikaciebze dayrdnobiT, oqtombris miwuruls
saqarTvelos politikur scenaze aseTi suraTi ixateboda:
o 2000 wlis gazafxulze gamokveTili axalgazrda reformatorTa
yovlisSemZleobis imiji da saprezidento xelisuflebis diskreditaciis
safrTxe, faqtobrivad, uvnebelyofilia. Tu varaudebiT ufro Sors
wavalT, SeiZleba warmovidginoT, rom es “dramaturgiuli xazi” _
saprezidento arCevnebSi eduard SevardnaZis 80%-iani gamarjveba,
arCevnebis damTavrebisTanave dasavleTis daeWveba mis realobaSi,
axalgazrda reformatorTa mier “brWyalebis” naadrevi gamoCena,
aRmasrulebeli da sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mkveTri dapirispireba
(saxelmwifo ministris gadayenebis CaTvliT), saSemodgomo
destabilizaciis safrTxis aJitireba da Semdeg ganviTarebuli procesebi
_ saparlamento umravlesobaSi bzaris gaCenidan moyolebuli misi
rRvevis CaTvliT _ iyo komponentebi erTi mTliani scenarisa (romelic
daigegma an qveynisave SigniT, an, mis farglebs gareT).
o bolo xanebSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis mTavari Sedegi _
destabilizacia marTvadia! marTvadia umravlesobac da misi marTvis
sadaveebs gardamavali upiratesobiT floben prezidenti da zurab
Jvaniac.
o politikur asparezze gamoCenili “axali moZraoba” (daviT gamyreliZisa
da levan gaCeCilaZis tandemiT) aRiqmeba rogorc SesakrebTa

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 gadanacvleba, romlis mizani _ umravlesobis dabalanseba, nawilobriv
miRweuladac SeiZleba CaiTvalos, Tumc realur politikur Zalad an
arsebiT siaxled “axali moZraoba” jer ar aRiqmeba.
o saerTo procesebis fonze vakis maJoritari deputatis arCevnebi
mniSvnelovan politikur datvirTvas iZens ZalTa dabalansebis
TvalsazrisiT da am fonze, xmauriani gancxadebebiTa da “mxedrionis”
xelaxali aRzevebis safrTxiT, politikur avanscenaze isev gamodis jaba
ioseliani.
o Zlierdeba foni saparlamento respublikis cnebis gaSinaurebisTvis.
oRond wina periodisagan gansxvavebiT, roca es Tema zurab Jvaniasgan
inicirebulad iTvleboda, figurirebs mosazrebac, rom, SesaZloa, Tavad
prezidentsac awyobdes mis Semdeg mmarTvelobis es forma, raTa aicilos
ufunqciod darCena, memkvidreze pasuxismgebloba da, sxva Tu araferi,
istoriaSi darCes saqarTvelos bolo prezidentad.
daaxloebiT aseTi suraTiT iwureboda destabilizaciisaTvis daTqmuli
periodis _ Semodgomis ori Tve. Sina Tu gare stres-faqtorebis: patimrebis
gaqcevis, “mxedrionis” gaaqtiurebis, CeCenTa mier sazRvris darRvevis, samxedro
bazebisa da savizo reJimis problemebis gamwvavebis miuxedavad, gaCnda imedi,
rom SeiZleba destabilizacia aRar Sedges. oqtombris miwuruls, TiTqos
niSani misceso, viTareba mkveTrad Seicvala. gazeT “7 dReSi” gamoqveynebuli
erTi statia, romelic TiTqos korufciis Temas exeba (“qarTul korufcias
pinoCetiviT patiosani generlebi sWirdeba”), uneblied (ar gamovricxavT, rom
sagangebodac) Sifravs im taqtikur xazss, romliTac unda ganviTardes
movlenebi. movixmobT vrcel citatas: “korumpirebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos
SemTxvevaSi es scenari ase gamoiyureba: ganviTardes procesebi logikuri gziT
_ xazinis dacarieleba, saxelmwifo struqturebis kvdoma da dezintegracia,
stagnacia ekonomikaSi da biurokratiuli wnexis gaZliereba mosaxleobas
aiZulebs gamovides quCaSi da Camoagdos mTavroba. msgavsi ram moxda
bulgareTSi, rumineTSi da sul axlaxan iugoslaviaSi.
meore varianti _ korufciisagan iZulebiT gankurneba. swored iZulebiT
da veranairad sxvanairad, radgan is adamianebi, vinc korumpirebuli
urTierTobebiT milionian sasaxleebs iSeneben da Sveicariis bankebSi
angariSebi aqvT gaxsnili, aseT urTierTobebs nebiT ar gawyveten. piriqiT,
isini sakmao damcav meqanizmebs floben da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aamoqmedeben
kidec... cecxlsaSiS nazavs saxelad daerqmeva saqarTvelos gaTavisufleba
proamerikuli marionetuli xelisuflebisagan, erovnuli xelisuflebis

83
mosvla saTaveSi, WeSmariti faseulobebisa da tradiciebis aRdgena. anu,
klanebis dafinansebiT da xelSewyobiT “gvaCuqeben” nacionalisturi
ritorikiT aRWurvil mTavrobas, romlisac iqneba saxeli, saxravi ki visic iyo,
imasve darCeba. aseT meqanizmebs floben korufciis kaTodebi da anodebi: Sss,
prokuratura, uSiSroeba, kancelariis nawili. finansebs maTTan erTad flobs
is, vinc am uwyebebis daxmarebiT Soulobs fuls...
ramdenime axalgazrda progresulad ganwyobili parlamentari da
imdenive progresuli politikosi aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebaSi aminds ar
qmnian. isini qarTul politikur ukuneTSi oblad mocimcime cicinaTelebiviT
gamoiyurebian... ver iqna da ver gamoixata qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azri
masobriv demonstraciebSi da mitingebSi... ase, rom jer kidev gausvrel da
gulgautexel politikosebs erTi gza rCebaT: datovon saparlamento da
samTavrobo komfortuli savarZlebi da gavidnen xalxSi... daexmaron rigiT
moqalaqeebs daZlion SiSis da gulgrilobis sindromi, daarwmunon sakuTar
ZalebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi miviRebT zemoT ukve naxsenebi ukve iugoslaviis,
rumineTis da sxvaTa variants.” (121).
xelisuflebaze “revoluciuri Setevis” scenari rom SeiniRbos da
bolomde arc “demokratiuli qveynis” imiji dairRves, parlamenti qveynis
mowyobis axali modelis Temas aaqtiurebs. Tumc, am Temis ganviTarebac
destabilizaciis wisqvilze asxams wyals, radgan saparlamento respublikis
SemoRebis aucileblobas am ideis mxardamWerebi da masmedia xsnian
saprezidento mmarTvelobis krizisiT, ufro metic, diqtaturaSi gadazrdiT.
noemberi ori faqtoris _ zamTrisa da energokrizisis dakavSirebam
bunebrivad miiyvana saSemodgomo destabilizacia pikis wertilTan.
energoblokebis isteriuli CarTva-gamorTvisa da energokrizisis Cinovnikuri
garCevebis procesze aRar SevCerdebiT, magram yuradRebas isev ipyrobs
masmediis gulmodgineba (gansakuTrebiT “rusTavi 2”-is, “aliasa” da
“rezonansis”) krizisis dinamikis daZabvisTvis.
TbilisSi, vakeSi dawyebuli aqciis organizatorebi da monawileebi
xazgasmiT amtkicebdnen, rom am gamosvlebs aramc da aramc ara aqvs
politikuri xasiaTi. presaSi ki aseTi suraTia:
 “alia”, 13 noemberi, “xelisufleba socialur naRmzea”: “dRes mosaxleoba
eleqtroenergias iTxovs, xval mTavrobis gadadgomas moiTxovs, zeg
parlamentis garekvas da mazeg parlamentis Secvlas. mokled, didi
Sansia imisa, rom socialuri problemebiT gawamebulma mosaxleobam
saWiro SeZaxilis SemTxvevaSi politikuri protestic gamoxatos.
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 socialuri protestidan socialur buntamde nabiji faqtobrivad aRar
darCa. socialuri bunti ki politikuri buntis pirdapirproporciulia.”
(127).
 “rezonansi”, 15 noemberi, “Cabnelebuli Tbilisi revoluciisTvis
emzadeba”, “eduard damabnelebeli” uSuqobas Seewireba!” _ acxadebdnen
mopiketeebi.”
pirvel gverdze morige redaqtoris (levan ramiSvilis) tradiciul
CanawerSi prezidentis saxe asea parodirebuli: “eduard damabnelebeli” _ ase
monaTles guSin vakelebma Cveni didi mbrZanebeli da saWeTmpyrobeli. zogma
gauzrdelma da xuliganma imis Tqmac ki gabeda, eg damabnelebeli ki ara,
bneliao. viRacam miugo, ras ambob, bneli rogor iqneba, saferSlo aqvs
damTavrebulio. atyda erTi sicili da xorxoci. prezidentis Rirsebis
SelaxvasTan gvqonda saqme”. (149)
 “rezonansi”, 16 noemberi, “revolucia cota xniT gadaido”, “Zalauflebis
nawili momitingeTa da mopiketeTa sabWoebs gadaecaT”. (uneblied Cndeba
socialisturi revoluciis asociacia, cnobili lozungiT _
“Zalaufleba sabWoebs!”).
 “rezonansi”, 18 noemberi, “revoluciidan revoluciamde erTi nabijia”.
“revoluciebis” qvemoT ori fotoa ganTavsebuli: erTi saarqivo,
SavTeTri, 1991-92 wlebis Setakeba rusTavelze; meore _ axali, feradi,
kadrSi _ aqcia, quCaSi danTebuli koconi da xergili. pirvel gverdzeve
_ karikatura “mefe SiSvelia!!!” – “mefis”, anu, prezidentis, anu, sabWoTa
kavSiris gmiris varskvlaviani diqtatoris, ferxTiT dayrili usulo
bavSvebi. iqvea morige redaqtoris, levan ramiSvilis Canaweri _ “guSin
qveyanas bavSvebi marTavdnen”: “...axla ukve cxovelebis jgro varT da ara
eri, radgan amdeni borotebis mere mxolod udenobiT gavgiJdiT da
gavcofdiT. arc erTi idea arafrad ar Rirs. miT ufro, arc erTi bavSvis
sicocxled ar Rirs deni. magram xval rom karikaturaze gamosaxuli
suraTi realoba gaxdes, Cven Cvens gayinul soroebSi SeviyuJebiT.” (150)
 “alia”, 16 noemberi, “bunti morCa... geSinodeT!” pirvel gverdze
fotomontaJi _ marcxniv, zviad gamsaxurdia momitingeTa fonze; marjvniv
_ eduard SevardnaZe aqciis fonze. “SevardnaZis xelisuflebas msgavsi
krizisi arasodes hqonia. socialuri bunti faqtobrivad saxezea.
socialuri buntidan politikur daumorCileblobamde ki erTi nabijia”.
(128).

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  “alia”, 23 noemberi, pirvel gverdze, did Sav fonze (gverdis meoTxedze),
uzarmazari SriftiT awyobilia ori magiuri sityva “saxelmwifo
gadatrialeba?!”, marcxniv kuTxeSi ki pawia minaweria _ “deputatis
skandaluri gancxadeba”; saTauris Sesabamisi masala, saidanac vigebT,
rom Turme am “zeskandaluri” gancxadebis avtori parlamentari jemal
gamaxariaa, gazeTis me-3 gverdzea ganTavsebuli. “TargamaZe da Zalovani
uwyebebi sagangebo mdgomareobis gamosacxadeblad ezadebodnen, magram
radganac sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb kanoni ar ician, gasul
xuTSabaTsa da paraskevs bejiTad swavlobdnen. am gziT isini
faqtobrivad xelSi aiRebdnen Zalauflebas... isini, sxvaTaSoris,
parlamentSi eZebdnen kanons sagangebo mdgomareobis Sesaxeb”, _ acxadebs
gamaxaria.
destabilizaciis gamomwvev obieqtur da subieqtur mizezebze msjeloba
Cveni disertaciis farglebs scildeba. aq mxolod davafiqsirebT im versiebs,
romlebic masmediis meSveobiT warmoCinda. maTgan erT-erTi saxelmwifo
gadatrialebis zemoxsenebuli versiaa, romelic yvelaze mkveTrad “alias”
publikaciaSi iyo gamoTqmuli, Tumc, sxva formiT am versias “dilis gazeTSic”
vxvdebiT: “xelisufleba da saxelisuflo media sakuTar mosaxleobas
xelisuflebaSi maTi mosvlis wlebis gaxsenebiT aSinebs... nacvlad imisa, rom
qveyana qveyanas daamsgavsos, mtris xatebis “weriT” aris garTuli”. (163).
amave gazeTSi, politikosebis gamokiTxis (“vis aZlevs xels
destabilizacia saqarTveloSi?”) Sedegad, am versias _ xelisuflebis
dadanaSaulebas _ mxars uWers parlamentari elene TevdoraZe; parlamentari
giorgi TargamaZe xelisuflebis orive ganStoebas adanaSaulebs “marTul
destabilizaciaSi”; irina sariSvili-Wanturia ki _ yvela im Zalas, upirveles
yovlisa “moqalaqeTa kavSirs”, romlebic “SevardnaZis politikidan wasvlis
Semdeg arCevnebis gziT ver movlen xelisuflebis saTaveSi”; parlamentari
mixeil naneiSvili aqcents ruseTze akeTebs: “ragind urTierTdapirispirebuli
jgufebic unda iyvnen destabilizaciis msurvelni, maT zurgs ukan, aSkarad Tu
farulad, dgas ruseTi... es varaudi ar aris. me, ubralod, vici, rom es asea”;
“respublikelTa” lideri daviT berZeniSvili xelisuflebis damxobas
winaswarmetyvelebs: “karTageni unda daingres... moqalaqeTa kavSirSi ar aris
Sida rezervebi, romlebic SevardnaZis reJims gaakeTilSobilebda”. (100)
Tu parlamentari jemal gamaxaria zurab Jvanias winaaRmdeg mowyobili
saxelmwifo gadatrialebis varauds gamoTqvamda, parlamentari fiqria CixraZe
piriqiT _ Tavad Jvanias miiCnevs destabilizaciisaTvis xelis Semwyobad: “...rac
86
Seexeba imas, rom Jvania mivida vakeSi gamarTuli aqciis monawileebTan, aman
SeiZleba iTqvas, fsiqologiuri biZgi misca am sakiTxis kidev ufro metad
gaaqtiurebas. yvelaze metad ganvlili erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi vin saubrobda
Semodgomaze mosalodnel destabilizaciaze. es iyvnen mmarTveli Zalis
warmomadgenlebi, uSualod parlamentis Tavmjdomare. Tu isini amxela
informacias flobdnen, rom maicdamainc energetikis Temaze moxdeboda es
destabilizacia da mainc TiTi TiTze ar daakares, e.i. xeli Seuwyves am
situaciis eskalacias.” (138)
zurab Jvanias mxridan aqciebis provocirebis Temas edp-s lideri, irina
sariSvili-Wanturiac aviTarebs: “...Jvanias da “mxedrionis” mxridan aris es
aqciebi provocirebuli... “moqkavSirisTvis” SevardnaZis vadaze adre wasvla
prezidentobidan yvelaze realuri Sansia xelisuflebaSi dasarCenad... maSin
saxelmwifos pirveli piri gaxdeba parlamentis Tavmjdomare, romelmac sami
Tvis Semdeg unda daniSnos axali arCevnebi”. (“axali Taoba”, 1611.2000).
“mxedrionTan” mimarTebaSi sayuradReboa “axal 7 dReSi” gamoqveynebuli
vrceli interviu daviT berZeniSvilTan, romelic jaba ioselianTan
dakavSirebiT aseT azrs aviTarebs: “minda gamsaxurdiasa da SevardnaZisagan
orgzis gamoyenebul jaba ioselians vurCio, ise nu daxurdavdeba, amjerad
Jvanias gamoayenebinos Tavi... Tu “mxedrions” aqvs perspeqtiva, maSin es imas
niSnavs, rom momavalSi saqarTvelo gadatrialebis arenad gadaiqceva”. (90)
movlenebis ganzogadebisas Jurnalisti ia anTaZe saqarTvelos
damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebul da gansaxorcielebel
procesebs ruseTisagan warmarTulad miiCnevs: “movlenebis ganviTarebis
logika aseTia: ruseTma jer iolad CaiTria Cveni fufunebis moyvaruli
xelisufleba korufciis WaobSi; Semdeg prezidents Tavisi saparlamento
umravlesobisTvis “mklavebi agrexina” Zveli mTavrobis dasamtkiceblad
(romelTanac ruseTs “sakuTari angariSebi” hqonda); bolos ki gamocxadda, rom
mmarTveli dajgufeba politikuri arenidan xalxma unda gandevnos”. (81). am
publikaciis logikiT, ruseTis xeliT warmarTuli brZolis samizned zurab
Jvaniac igulisxmeba.
sagulisxmoa, rom azrTa siWrelisa da urTierTgamomricxaobis
miuxedavad, am publikaciebs aqvs erTi saerTo _ politikosebica da
Jurnalistebic, aqciebis gamomwvev mizezebze metad, yuradRebas amaxvileben
imaze, visi agorebulia destabilizaciis talRa. yvela gamoTqvams varauds,
rom arsebuli obieqturi mizezebis miuxedavad, “uxilavi reJisoris”
warmmarTveli xeli igrZnoba am yvelafris ukan; xolo braldebebis veqtori,

87
ara mxolod pirovnuli poziciebis sxvadasxvaobis, aramed, imis mixedviTac
icvlis mimarTulebas, Tu vis interesebs gamoxataven respondentebi,
redaqciebi da Jurnalistebi.
*
presis rezonansi 2001 wlis Semodgomis movlenebze, romelsac Sedegad
parlamentis Tavmjdomarisa da mTavrobis gadadgoma mohyva, mowmobs, rom
ruseTi arc am SemTxvevaSi gamoiricxa “scenaris avtorobidan”. miT ufro, rom
droSi saeWvod daemTxva erTmaneTs terorizmSi saqarTvelos dadanaSauleba,
kodorisa da pankisis dabombva, “rusTavi 2”-is incidenti, romelmac
Tavisufali mediis dacvis sababiT, mravalricxovani mitingebis talRa aagora
da uceb gadaizarda politikur gamosvlebSi, xelisuflebisa da prezidentis
gadadgomis moTxovniT.
“Tuki CeCeni boevikebi afxazeTSi saqarTvelodan moxvdnen, es imas
niSnavs, rom maTi iq moxvedra isev rusebma uzrunvelyves saqarTvelos
xelisuflebasTan erTad. es e.w. operaciebi ki kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom
isini ruseTis mowyobilia, romelic gudauTis bazis SenarCunebas isaxavs
miznad”, _ acxadebda parlamentari koba daviTaSvili gazeT “axal TaobasTan”
interviuSi. (“axali Taoba”, 10.10.2001).
rusul onlain-mediaze dayrdnobiT, rusuli provokaciis versias
aviTarebda gazeTi “axali meridiani”: “niSandoblivia, rom zogierT rusul
internet-saitze informacia kodoris dabombvis Sesaxeb TviT sahaero dartymis
ganxorcielebamde 1 saaTiT adre gaCnda. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom “ru”-s
internetportalebs mkacrad akontrolebs ruseTis mTavrobis Sesabamisi
qvedanayofi da isini Zalian xSirad, uSualod specsamsaxurebidan sazrdooben.
maSasadame, saqme gvaqvs winaswar dagegmil provokaciasTan. ruseTma ukve
aamoqmeda sainformacio omis Zveli meTodebi.” (mamuka xurciZe, “ruseTis
qarTvelofobiuri demarSebi yovelgvar kompromiss gamoricxavs”, “axali
meridiani”, 12 oqtomberi, 2001);“...erTi-ori bombi “sruliad SemTxveviT” pankisis
xeobaSic Camovardeba da meti ra unda destabilizacias saqarTveloSi, miT
umetes zamTarSi _ uSuqobisa da sicivis periodSi. saqarTveloc
Tavisdauneburad CaerTveba CeCneTis winaaRmdeg mimarTul agresiaSi da
Semdgomad amisa rac moxdeba...…qarTvel xalxs araerTxel aqvs nagrZnobi
rusuli Ceqmis simware.” (166).
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis Secvlis erT-erTi momdevno “rusuli
scenaris” “fragmentebi” bevrgan gvxvdeba 2001 wlis noember-dekembris qarTul
presaSi da igi erTgvar krebiT formas iRebs gazeT “axal versiaSi”, romlis
88
publikaciis saTauric (“vin moqmedebda ruseTis scenariT _ TargamaZe-
patarkaciSvili Tu Jvania-saakaSvili?”) mianiSnebs or savaraudo versiaze,
mTavari mizani ki masalis lidSi figurirebs: “politologTa saerTo azriT
(publikacia eyrdnoba politologebis _ levan berZeniSvilis, givi boloTaSvilis, ramaz
klimiaSvilis, gia nodias mosazrebebs, – l.k.), ruseTi saqarTvelos mimarT Ria
agresiul politikas ukve Riad da Seufaravad awarmoebs. rusuli pilitikuri
istebliSmentisaTvis SevardnaZeE dRiTidRe ufro miuRebeli xdeba da amitom
rusul sainformacio saSualebebSic antiSevardnaZistuli isteria iwyeba. ar
aris gamoricxuli, ruseTis maRal eSelonebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
Secvlis scenari iwerebodes.” (134).
xsenebuli publikaciis mixedviT pirveli versia aseTia: eqspertTa
saerTo SefasebiT, seqtembris bolos afxazeTsa da kodorSi ganviTarebuli
movlenebi mimarTuli iyo ara afxazeTis dasabruneblad, aramed, saqarTveloSi
xelisuflebis Sesacvlelad, ruseTSi SemuSavebuli scenaris mixedviT: CeCeni
teroristebis xeliT moxdeboda afxazeTis romelime regionis aReba da am
gamarjvebis gmirad gamocxaddeboda maSindeli Ss ministri kaxa TargamaZe.
qveynis mmarTveladac is mogvevlineboda. amasTan, ruseTi cdilobda
“mourjulebeli” CeCnebi moeSorebina pankisisTvis (romelic axlosaa
CeCneTTan), Caesaxlebina afxazeTSi da amiT “ori kurdReli erTad daeWira”.
meore versiis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi xaverdovani revolucia
igegmeboda. studenturi gamosvlebis ukan, ruseTis direqtiviT, Jvania-
saakaSvilis gundi idga. SevardnaZis “gadasarCenad” ruseTi gaiTamaSebda
kuCmasa da alievis analogs (roca maT “keTili feriis” rolSi “Crdiloeli
daTvi” moevlinaT) da, am samsaxuris sanacvlod, saqarTvelos rusul
orbitazeE moaqcevda.
“axali versiis” sxva publikaciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo afxazeTSi
mdgomareobis garTulebisagan amerikaSi momxdarma teraqtebma ixsna da
ruseTma saqarTveloSi “meore xazic” gaxsna. es saqarTveloSi rusuli
kapitalis Semodinebas da am gziT xelisuflebis Secvlas gulisxmobs.”
(“axali versia”, 01.10. 2001).
kidev erTxel moviSveliebT ruseTis “sagareo politikis nacionaluri
laboratoriis” analitikur masalas _ “politikuri situacia saqarTveloSi”,
romelSic aRniSnulia: “2001 wlis movlenebma uCvenes, rom “axalgazrda
reformatorebs” SeuZliaT TavianTi mxardaWerisTvis masebis mobilizeba da
masStaburi krizisis provocireba, magram maT ar ZaluZT xelisuflebis xelSi
aReba da situaciaze kontrolis SenarCuneba. 2001 wlis bolos swored

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opozicias mouxda daTmoba.” (58) maSin, roca qarTuli presa bWobda, visi
mowyobili iyo 2001 wlis “noembris revoluciad” wodebuli krizisi, rusi
analitikosebi am sakiTxs arc saTuod xdian da arc kiTxvis niSnis qveS
ayeneben, isini konkretulad asaxeleben “adresats” _ “axalgazrda
reformatorebi”.
presis analizi erTi SexedviT paradoqsuli daskvnis saSualebasac
iZleva: ruseTisaken mimarTuli braldebebis miuxedavad, “feTqebadsaSiSi
movlenebis” inicirebiT zogierTi qarTuli gamocema lamis rusulis
identuria. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara faqtebis damTxveva, aramed aqcenti,
masalebis provokaciuli xasiaTi. magaliTad, gazeTi “axali versia” rusul
medias bevrad aWarbebs Tundac pankisis Temis aJitirebaSi. iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom es gazeTi specialurad amisTvisaa Seqmnili; pirveli
nomridan moyolebuli, farTo anSlagebiT, gamomwvevi saTaurebiT, gverdidan
gverdze gardamavali vrceli masalebiT, pankisis safrTxe isea warmoCenili,
rom ruseTs isRa darCenia, dabombos xeoba (gazeTis pirvelive nomers, logos
zemoT, lamis 100-punqtiani SriftiT awyobili “qistianoba” xsnida da es
saTauri Tu mesiji, gverdidan gverdze gadadioda. am nomerSi, da zogierT sxva
nomerSic, mxolod am Temas erTdroulad ramdenime sagazeTo gverdi eTmoba).
“axali versia” gamonaklisi rodia. magaliTd, telekompania “rusTavi 2”,
pankisSi erTi Tofis gavardnisTanave, ise warmarTavda xeobidan reportaJebs,
rogorc frontis wina xazidan; verc ki moaswro ruseTma wesierad
saqarTvelos dadanaSauleba terorizmSi, rom gazeTma “rezonansma” gaSlil
gverdebze gamoaqveyna publikacia “masobrivi terorizmis safrTxe kavkasiaSi”
(“rezonansi”, 02.10.2001), romelic saqarTveloSi am safrTxis gaaqtiurebis
prognoziT mTavrdeba. xsenebuli masala STambeWdavadaa reklamirebuli
gazeTis pirvel gverdze.
sadisertacio naSromSi ukve xsenebuli presis mosazreba, rom
saqarTveloSi amerikuli fuliT rusuli interesi finansdeba, SesaZloa,
amgvar viTarebasac gulisxmobda, roca demokratiuli mediis ganviTarebisTvis
gamoyofili dasavluri grantebiTa da sxva saxis daxmarebebiT moRonierebuli
masmedia politikuri situaciebis gamwvavebisa da Sesabamisi manevrirebisaTvis
gamoiyeneboda. Tumc, aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom es ar iyo mxolod “garedan
marTuli” procesi; am manevrs saxelisuflo brZolaSi Sida politikuri
Zalebic mimarTavdnen, rac, saboloo jamSi, mniSvnelovnad azianebda ruseT-
saqarTvelos urTierTobasac da asustebda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobas.

90
  afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problemis ramdenime aspeqti

paradoqsia, magram, saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis problema,

afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis Tema, namdvilad ar yofila saanalizo
periodis presis arc ZiriTadi da arc mTavari aspeqti; mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
ara presaSi am regionebis xsenebis sixSire, aramed, misi qceva Tundac iseT
aqtualur da prioritetul aspeqtad, rogoradacaa, magaliTad, warmodgenili
presaSi saxelisuflo brZolebi. ZiriTadad, am regionebTan dakavSirebuli
presis aqcentebi viTardeba destabilizaciuri procesebis, saqarTvelosTan
ruseTisa da dasavleTis mimarTebis konteqstSi da a.S. es viTareba, ra Tqma
unda, ar aris ganpirobebuli presis daudevrobiTa da ugulisyurobiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom TiTqosda teritoriuli problemis mogvareba umTavresi
prioritetia, ar igrZnoba rom saxelmwifo Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi
cnobierebis arealSi aqcevdes am regionebs, iqauri mosaxleobis problemebs.
maSin, roca, erTis mxriv, mwvaved vreagirebT maTTvis ruseTis moqalaqeobis
miniWebaze, Cvenis mxriv, igive moqalaqeebi distancirebuli gvyavs saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos sivrcidan, Sesabamisad, sainformacio arealidanac.
afxazeTi (ufro iSviaTad e.w. samxreT oseTi) presaSi moixsenieba
politikuri kapitalis dagrovebisTvis, rogorc xelisuflebis, aseve,
opoziciis, mxridan, emociuri gancxadebebis doneze, pragmatizmis gareSe, an _
samitingo-patriotuli paTosis gasaZliereblad.
organizacia “Serigebis resursis” mxardaWeriT Seqmnil uaRresad
sayuradRebo naSromSi _ “afxazeTi qarTveli politikosebis winasaarCevno
meniuSi” (naSromi eyrdnoba 2003-2004 wlebis presis publikaciebs), xazgasmiTaa
aRniSnuli, rom “afxazeTi ar yofila winasaarCevno Tema, arc 2003 wlis
saparlamento, arc 2004 wlis saprezidento, da arc 2004 wlis ganmeorebiTi
saparlamento arCevnebis dros”; rom “afxazeTis Temam dakarga is simwvave da
aqtualoba, rac mas ramdenime wlis winaT hqonda; rom “politikur partiebs
dRemde ar warmoudgeniaT am problemasTan mimarTebaSi arc axali ideebi, arc
axali konceptualuri damokidebuleba.” (29, III)
90-ian da 2000-2002 wlebSic, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis problema
ZiriTadad isev eTnokonfliqtad iwodeba, iseve rogorc rusul mediaSi; da
presaSi umTavresad gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom konfliqtebis gasaRebi ruseTSi
Zevs. amave periodSi presaSi figurirebs termini “gayinuli konfliqtebi” da
mosazreba, rom ruseTs awyobs konfliqtebis gayinva da arsebuli status qvos
SenarCuneba, vidre Tundac maTi asocirebul wevrebad miReba, miT ufro _
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damoukideblobis aRiareba (magaliTad, politologi ramaz sayvareliZe
miiCnevda, rom ruseTs ar awyobs am konfliqtebis bolomde mogvareba, raTa ar
dakargos saqarTveloze zewolis SesaniSnavi berketebi); 2002 wlidan, Crdilo
atlantikuri integraciis veqtoris gamokveTasTan erTad, presaSi
konfliqtebis mogvarebis imedi ufro da ufro ukavSirdeba nato-Si
saqarTvelos SesaZlo gawevrianebas; icvleba definiciac _ separatistuli
regionebi, eTnokonfliqtebis nacvlad; 2003-2004 wlidan, nato-s Temis
gaaqtiurebasTan dakavSirebiT, presaSi Cndeba mosazrebebi, rom SesaZloa, nato-
Si migviRon mougvarebeli konfliqtebiT, an _ afxazeTisa da oseTis gareSe.
arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa saangariSo masalebSi, konfliqtologTa da
politologTa leqsikaSi gamoiyeneba termini _ gandgomili regionebi, magram
presaSi man fexi ver moikida. “gandgomili regioni”, ZiriTadad, aWaris
konteqstSi gvxvdeba. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi aWaris dabrunebisTanave, presaSi gaaqtiurda,
daaxloebiT iseTive scenariT, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis SemoerTebis
aqcenti da ruseTis ganxilva ara Suamavlad, aramed konfliqtis mxared.
sadisertacio naSromis Sesabamis qveTavebSi nawilobriv asaxulia
afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan dakavSirebuli aspeqtebi (sagareo
urTierTobaTa, destabilizaciis konteqstSi da a.S.). amjerad, mokled
SevCerdebiT 2004 wlis agvistos “cxinvalis konfliqtze”.
“Cven dagvayenes amgvari realobis winaSe _ saqarTveloSi SeiZleba
Zalian mniSvnelovani konfliqti daiwyos”, _ ganacxada 19 agvistos, cxinvalSi
ganviTarebul movlenebTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul sagangebo brifingze,
saqarTvelos prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma, _ “Cven bolo dReebSi gviSendnen
ramdenime simaRlidan, gviSenda e.w. mesame Zala, romelic, ra Tqma unda,
araviTari mesame Zala ar aris. dRes diliT, irakli oqruaSvilis
xelmZRvanelobiT, Cvenma nawilma am Zalis ganadgureba, mwyobridan mTlianad
gamoyvana da am simaRleebis dakaveba moaxerxa. am simaRleebis dakaveba Cven
saSualebas gvaZlevs konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli Zalebis axali gadajgufeba
movaxdinoT. Cven mzad varT, am simaRleebis kontroli sammxriv samSvidobo
kontingents gadavceT, romelSic qarTvelebic Sedian...…amis Semdgom
mowinaaRmdeges aRar eqneba sababic ki, raTa gaamarTlos situaciis Semdgomi
eskalacia. magram yvelas axsovdes _ es mSvidobisaTvis bolo Sansia.” (“24
saaTi”, 20.08.2004)
prezidenti amgvari gancxadebis Semdeg, cxinvalis regionidan qarTuli
samxedroebis gamoyvanis gadawyvetilebam SeaSfoTa adgilobrivi qarTuli

92
mosaxleoba; maT gzac ki gadauRobes samxedroebs. “TuUosebi erT bombs
Camoagdeben, Cveni jari 15 wuTSi cxinvalSi iqneba“, _ ganacxada Ss ministrma
irakli oqruaSvilma.
“24 saaTis” informaciiT, “19 agvistos, feriscvalebis dRes, saqarTvelo
did sisxlisRvras gadaurCa. rodesac Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma, irakli
oqruaSvilma qarTul-osuri konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli ramdenime
strategiuli simaRle daikava, ruseTis armiis regularuli nawilebi, Turme,
mzad iyvnen saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg saomari moqmedebebis dasawyebad. 40
Sveulmfreni, 80-mde “beempe”, aTeulobiT tanki, saxmeleTo da saaviacio
desanti rokis gvirabTan iyo koncentrirebuli da Setevaze gadasvlis
brZanebas eloda. “Cven Zalian seriozuli safrTxe avicileT Tavidan”, _
ganacxada saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis
Tavmjdomarem, givi TargamaZem, romlis TqmiTac, sami rusuli samxedro
SenaerTi rokis gvirabTan isev srul sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi imyofeba. givi
TragamaZem masmedias warudgina videomasala, romelSic naCvenebia, Tu rogor
emzadebian ruseTis sajariso SenaerTebi samxreT oseTis teritoriaze
SesaWrelad.” (“24 saaTi”, 25.08.2004)
konfliqtolog paata zaqareiSvilis azriT, saakaSvilis SeTavazeba,
romelic qarTuli SenaerTebis mier aRebuli strategiuli obieqtebis
samSvidoboebisTvis daTmobas Seexeboda, meore swori nabijia; pirveli swori
nabiji ergneTis bazrobis daketva iyo; danarCeni yvela nabiji _ pirveli
ledis regionSi Casvla, gorSi tankebis Seyvana, blokpostebis Seqmna _ es iyo
Secdomebis rigi, romelmac seriozul krizisamde migviyvana. krizisidan
gamosvlisaTvis yvelaze swori prezidentis gadawyvetileba iyo. (“rezonansi”,
20.08.2004)
eqspertebi movlenebis ganviTarebis ramdenime variants ganixilavdnen;
aleqsandre rondelis azriT, ruseTs aqvs sami gza: SeierTos e.w. samxreT
oseTi, SeinarCunos iq status qvo, an dauTmos saqarTvelos. pirveli _ ar
SeuZlia, mesame _ ar unda, rCeba meore _ SeinarCunos status qvo, anu, gayinos
konfliqti da amiT isargeblos _ mudmivad akontrolos situacia
saqarTveloSi. Tavdapirvelad qarTuli mxare konfliqtis zonidan zedmeti
iaraRis gatanas moiTxovda, dRes ki yuradRebas saerTaSoriso kontrolis
damyarebaze amaxvilebs. eqspertTa varaudiT, Tu srul demilitarizaciazea
saubari, maSin qarTul mxares, iseve rogorc osur da rusul mxareebs,
konfliqtis zonaSi 500 kaciani samSvidobo misiis nawili rCeba, rac isev
ruseTs uxsnis xel-fexs; arsebul viTarebaSi yvelaze sariskod qarTuli

93
soflebidan xalxis daclis procesi iTvleba. rusul-osuri strategiis kidev
erTi Canafiqri qarTvelebsa da osebs Soris SedarebiT damTbari urTierTobis
sabolood gafuWebaa, rasac nawilobriv ukve Seesxa xorci, roca konfliqtis
zonaSi orive mxares pirveli msxverpli gaCnda.
rac Seexeba msxverpls, presaSi ar gvxvdeba oficialuri cnobebi,
gazeTebi sxvadasxva cifrs asaxeleben (magaliTad, 19 agvistos “rezonansi”
iuwyeba, rom samaCabloSi srolebis dawyebidan 26 qarTveli jariskacia
daRupuli); amasTan, aRniSnaven, rom orive mxare _ cxinvalic da Tbilisic,
cdilobs ar gaaxmauros mebrZolTa daRupvisa da daWris faqtebi.
paralelurad, prezidenti saakaSvili da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
xazgasmiT aRniSnaven samxedroebis profesionalizmsa da simamaces.
cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnili viTarebis formulireba presaSi
araerTgvaria; movlenebis gaSuqebisas “axali versia”, “alia”, “xvalindeli
dRe” xSirad iyeneben gansazRvrebas _ “omi”, sxvebi am formulirebisagan Tavs
ikaveben. “xelisufleba ar aRiarebs, rom es omia da kvlav konfliqtis
mSvbidobiani gziT daregulirebaze saubrobs. aRniSnul situacias
saparlamento opozicia mwvave Sefasebas aZlevs... maTi gancxadebiT,
konfliqtis zonaSi realurad omi gvaqvs saxeze, romelsac aRiarebac ar
sWirdeba.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 20.08.2004)
parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomaris
moadgile nika rurua: “araviTari omi es ar aris. esaa mSvidobis
dasamyareblad da Cveni sakuTari moqalaqeebis sicocxlis dasacavad
Catarebuli specoperacia. saerTod, omi, rogorc cnobilia, cxaddeba. ar
SeiZleba omi gamoucxado Sens sakuTar teritorias! Cven konstituciur
wesrigs vamyarebT sakuTar teritoriaze, romelsac aRiarebs yvela
demokratiuli qveyana (amas, sxvaTa Soris, cnobs iseTi arademokratiuli
qveyanac, rogoric ruseTia).” (“axali Taoba”, 20.08.2004)N
cxinvalis regionSi Seqmnilma krizisulma viTarebam gaamwvava ruseT-
saqarTvelos urTierToba da, rogorc presa aRniSnavs, igi ara mxolod
daubrunda “civi omis” mdgomareobas, aramed Ria dapirispirebis saxe miiRo.
qarTul mediaSi gaZlierda negatiuri muxti kremlis imperialisturi
politikisa da prezident putinis mimarT, Tumc, rusuli mediis gaagresiuleba
saqarTvelos mimarT gacilebiT TvalSisacemia (prezidenti saakaSvili
“izvestiam” hitlersac ki Seadara).
“gorbis” direqtor merab faCulias komentariT, sainformacio omma
sagrZnoblad Secvala saSualo rusi moqalaqis damokidebuleba saqarTveloSi

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mimdinare movlenebis mimarT. 12-17 ivliss ruseTis masStabiT Catarebulma
sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvam (1500 respondenti) aseTi Sedegi aCvena:
prezident saakaSvilis mimarT ndoba, gasuli ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi, 27%-dan
11%-mde daeca; miuxedavad antiqarTuli kampaniisa, mxolod 3 punqtiT Semcirda
saqarTvelos mimarT ruseTis mosaxleobis dadebiTi damokidebuleba _ dRes
mosaxleobis 40% dadebiTadaa ganwyobili Cveni qveynis mimarT; gamokiTxulTa
umravlesoba _ 53%, saqarTvelos mTavrobas akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas ruseT-
saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebisTvis; Semdegi _ SeerTebuli
Statebia, SedarebiT mokrZalebuli maCvenebliT _ 15%; ruseTis mTavroba _ 8%;
oseTis _ 5%. (“rezonansi”, 20.08.2004)
ruseTis “mesame Zalad” dasaxelebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
warmomadgenlebi saubrobdnen imaze, rom maT xelT arsebuli mtkicebulebebis
gamomzeurebiT ruseTs oficialurad daedeboda brali separatistTa
daxmarebaSi. saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komiteti
iSveliebda videokadrebs, romelzec asaxuli iyo rusuli desantisa da
ruseTis regularuli armiis nawilebis gadmosxma rokis gvirabs aqeT; ruseTis
federaciis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom ki gaakeTa specialuri gancxadeba,
rom saqarTvelom ver moaxerxa im mtkicebulebebis gamomzeureba, rac ruseTs
pirdapir daadanaSaulebda cxinvalis regionSi konfliqtis provocirebaSi.
cxinvalSi Seqmnili saomari mdgomareobis fonze oficialuri moskovis
pozicia gaurkveveli iyo, prezidenti putini poziciis Riad gamovlenas ar
Cqarobda. 18 agvistos, soWSi gamarTul preskonferenciaze, putinma uaryo
“Tezisi” imis Sesaxeb, rom konfliqti ormxriv, qarTul-rusuli konfliqtis
xasiaTs iZens da saqarTveloSi situaciis gamwvaveba 1990-iani wlebis
movlenebis recidivad gamoacxada. misi gancxadebiT, eTnokonfliqtebi daiwyo
saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis gamocxadebisa da afxazeTisa da samxreT
oseTis avtonomiebis gauqmebis Taobaze “suleluri gadawyvetilebiT”. putinma
ganacxada imis Taobazec, rom aRar apirebs Semodgomaze saqarTveloSi
Casvlas. (19 agvistos presa, 2004)
qarTulma sainformacio saagento “inter-presma” “kremlis erT-erTi
yvelaze Tavxeduri politikuri demarSi” uwoda soWSi ruseTis prezidentis
vladimer putinis Sexvedras afxazeTis TviTgamocxadebuli respublikis
premier-ministrsa da prezidentobis kandidat raul xajinbasTan. “putinma
afxazeTis separatisti prezidenti ukve daniSna”, _ wers gazeTi “rezonansi”.
(“rezonansi”, 31.08.2004)

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 politolog ramaz sayvareliZis komentariT, ruseTs awyobs gamwvavebuli
konfliqtebi. mas konfliqtis mospoba erT dReSi SeuZlia, magram surs meti
daZabuloba am regionSi, raTa gavlenis SenarCuneba SeZlos. politologi
eWvobs, rom ruseTs kavkasiuri marwuxi sWirdeba imisTvisac, rom amerikasTan
ekonomikur sakiTxebze ivaWros kavkasiis sanacvlod. (“rezonansi”, 20.08.2004)
sabrZolo moqmedebebis Sewyvetis Semdegac, “axali versia”, romlis
avtormac, gazeTis gancxadebiT, “yvela JurnalistisTvis daxurul
gasaidumloebul zonaSi SeaRwia”, aqveynebs specialur reportaJs _ “rusul-
osuri samxedro manqana sangrebs Txris da axali omisaTvis emzadeba”. (“axali
versia”, 27.08.2004)
cxinvali isev cdilobs Tavisi pirobebi wauyenos saqarTvelos
xelisuflebas _ de faqto xelisuflebis informaciis departamentis
xelmZRvaneli irina gagloeva iwunebs euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris, soloman
pasis mier Jvania-kokoiTis Sexvedris adgilad SeTavazebul qveyanas _
bulgareTs; gagloevas gancxadebiT, es qveyana saqarTvelos iaraRs awvdis da
Sexvedris CatarebisTvis yvelaze Sesaferis neitralur teritoriad moskovs
asaxelebs. (“axali Taoba”, 31.08.2004)
“alias” politikuri mimomxilvelis informaciiT, saqarTveloze
zemoqmedebisTvis kremli, tradiciulad, moskovSi myofi figurebis
gaaqtiurebasac gegmavs. male moskovSi axali politikuri partia dafuZndeba,
romelSic Tavs moiyris yvela ganawyenebuli Cinovniki. “imas, rac ver moaxerxa
igor giorgaZem SevardnaZis winaaRmdeg, axla abaSiZe, kokoiTi da xajinba
erTad ganaxorcieleben, oRond ukve saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg.” (“alia”, 31.08.2004)
“alia”, aseve, aqveynebs intervius afxazeTis umaRlesi sabWos yofil
TavmjdomaresTan, Tamaz nadareiSvilTan, romlis informaciiTac mzaddeba
dokumenti dsT-is sivrceSi afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis suverenitetis
aRiarebis sakiTxis ganxilvisTvis. (“alia”, 31.08.2004)
paralelurad, presa aRniSnavs, rom maSin, roca cxinvalis regionSi
separatistebi qarTul soflebs bombavdnen, prezident saakaSvilis,
parlamentis Tavmjdomarisa da saqarTvelos sagareo uwyebis araerTgzis
mimarTvis miuxedavad, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, maT Soris evrokavSiri,
evrosabWo da euTo, konkretuli poziciis dafiqsirebisagan Tavs ikavebdnen.
(agvistos Sua ricxvebSi euTos samdivnos mier gamoqveynebul gancxadebaSi
zogadad naTqvamia, rom qarTul-osuri konfliqtis zonaSi saomari
moqmedebebis eskalacia da adamianebis daRupva mkacrad unda daigmos). rusuli
agresiisa da saerTaSoriso dumilis fonze presaSi ikveTeboda eWvi _ xom ar

96
darCeba saqarTvelo kvlav marto, ruseTis imperialisturi zraxvebis pirispir,
rogorc es araerTxel momxdara.
konfliqtis zonidan jaris gamoyvanis Taobaze saqarTvelos prezidentis
gadawyvetilebis Semdeg TiTqmis yvela evropulma struqturam Tavisi pozicia
ukve Riad daafiqsira. gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda evrokavSiri, romelmac
ganacxada, rom “aRiarebs saqarTvelos uflebas, gaakontrolos sakuTari
sazRvrebi, maT Soris ruseTis sazRvarze myofi rokis gvirabi”. (“axali
versia”, 23.08.2004)
amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma mouwoda samxreT oseTis konfliqtis
yvela mxares da euTo-s sxva partniorebs _ maqsimalurad gamoiyenon
saqarTvelos mier cxinvalidan jaris gamoyvaniT Seqmnili pozitiuri momenti
da Seqmnan molaparakebebis efeqturi meqanizmi sakiTxis politikuri
gadawyvetisaTvis, romlis farglebSic SenarCunebuli iqneba samxreT oseTis
avtonomiuri statusi saqarTveloSi. “saqarTvelos unari, ganaxorcielos
seriozuli reformebi, damokidebulia mSvidobasa da stabilurobaze”, _
naTqvami iyo aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebaSi. (“rezonansi”,
24.08.2004)
cxinvalis konfliqtis gamwvavebas, sainformacio TvalsazrisiT,
saqarTvelosTvis erTi arsebiTi Sedegi mohyva: saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
mier ruseTis aRiareba konfliqtSi dainteresebul mxared, rasac
rezonansulad mohyva ucxour mediaSi adekvaturi aqcentis gaCena.
“mTavari gazeTis” formulirebiT, e.w. samxreT oseTSi ganviTarebulma
movlenebma ruseT-saqarTvelos keTilmezobluri Tanacxovrebis “ganaxlebuli
idea” sapnis buStiviT gaaqro. saqarTvelos parlamentma ruseTi msoflios
winaSe qarTul-osur konfliqtSi monawile, dainteresebul mxared
oficialurad daasaxela da Sesabamisi gancxadebis safuZvelze saerTaSoriso
organizaciebs cxinvalis regionSi ruseTis samSvidobo mandatis Sesawyvetad
daxmareba sTxova. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 14.08.2004)

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 Tavi III
saxelisuflo brZolebi _ presis ZiriTadi Tema

es monakveTi, SeiZleba iTqvas, winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis

centraluri nawilia, radgan, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saanalizo monakveTSi
presa ZiriTadad asaxavda saxelisuflo bataliebs da gamoxatavda
xelisuflebisaTvis warmoebuli brZolis interess. kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT,
rom mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs presis mTavari tendenciebi da mTavari Temebi,
romelic saerToa mTeli am periodisTvis. xelisuflebis samive Stoc
(sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo), gansakuTrebiT _ parlamenti
da mTavroba, presis yuradRebis sagani umTavresad am konteqstSi xdeba.
saxelisuflo brZolis veqtorebi da etapebi, pirobiTad, ase ikveTeba:
o parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba (2000-2001 wlebi)
o dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqkavSiris” wiaRSi (2000-2001)
o dapirispireba politikur Zalebsa da interesebs Soris
(“moqkavSiri–aRorZineba”, “gaerTianebuli demokratebi”-
“nacionaluri moZraoba” _ ”moqkavSiri” da a.S.) _ 2000-2003 wlebi
o pirovnuli dapirispirebebi
am dayofis pirobiToba upirvelesad gulisxmobs imas, rom
institucionaluri dapirispirebisa da, ufro metic, qveynis orientaciaze
azrTa sxvadasxvaobis SemTxvevaSic, realurad, ikveTeba ara konceptualuri,
aramed pirovnuli faqtori (magaliTad, parlamenti-kancelariis dapirispireba
Jvania-SevardnaZis dapirispirebaa; gardacvlili nugzar sajaias nacvlad,
uSiSroebis mdivnad aSS-Si saqarTvelos elCis, Tedo jafariZis daniSvna
ganixileba SevardnaZis prodasavlurobis niSnad da a.S.). “Zvelsa” da “axals”,
e.w. retrogradebsa da e.w. reformatorebs Soris dapirispirebac, saboloo
jamSi, pirovnul dapirispirebamde dadis da aRmoCndeba, rom aqac wina planze
xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis interesia da ara mxolod sabWouri
memkvidreobidan gaTavisuflebisa da qveynis demokratiuli gardaqmnis mizani.
filosofosi gigi TevzaZe, Tavis filosofiur-politikur eseebSi
(“Zalauflebis simulacia” da “saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”),
postsabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs ganixilavs, rogorc
“demokratiis da liberaluri momavlis simulacias”. eduard SevardnaZis
“reliqturi xelisufleba” (romelic Tavdapirvelad TviTonac aqtiurad
monawileobda “simulaciuri orbitebis” SeqmnaSi) “...ufrTxoda, erTi mxriv,

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dasavleTs, romelsac warmoebul simulaciaSi liberaluri demokratiis
garantis roli hqonda miniWebuli, xolo meore mxriv, samoqalaqo
sazogadoebas, romelic amave simulaciis scenarSi demokratiis ZiriTadi
damcvelis saxiT iyo warmodgenili.” (xazi avtoris, _ l.k.) (25, 33-34)
gigi TevzaZis eseisturma xedvam gansakuTrebiT miipyro Cveni yuradReba
ori ZiriTadi mizeziT: erTi, rom igi ara mxolod filosofiis doqtoria,
aramed, samoqalaqo seqtoris gavleniani aqtori da mcodne postsabWoTa
saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebisa; meorec, zemoaRniSnul eseebSi
ganviTarebuli Tvalsazrisebi “dokumenturad” dasturdeba bolo 10 wlis
ganmavlobaSi Cvens mier warmoebuli mediaanaliziTa da mediamonitoringiT.
“simulirebuli demokratiis” Tema SemTxveviT ar SemovitaneT
disertaciis am nawilSi. erTi SexedviT, is “saxelmwifos” nakveTs ufro
esadageboda, magram rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, sabWoTa “fantomuri” realobidan
(merab mamardaSvili) “simulirebul” realobaSi saqarTvelos gadanacvlebis
gza swored saxelisuflo brZolebis wina xazze gadis. rogorc gigi TevzaZe
wers, “simulaciis proeqti xels aZlevda yvelas _ maTac, visac ZalauflebaSi
mosvla undoda, da maTac, visac ar undoda wasuliyo Zalauflebidan: anu, es
awyobda rogorc im gunds, romelic Jvanias garSemo yalibdeboda, aseve im
gundsac, romelic Tavs ikrebda SevardnaZis garSemo.” (25, 36)

 zurab Jvanias “politikuri goni” _ miTi Tu realoba

saxelisuflo brZolebis ZiriTadi peripetiebis ganxilvamde mokled

SevexebiT winapirobas im politikuri personis da gundis formirebisa,
romelic, eduard SevardnaZesTan tandemsa Tu masTan konfrontaciaSi, 2000-2003
wlebSi arsebiTad gansazRvravda politikuri speqtris konfiguraciasac da
saxelmwifos saSinao Tu sagareo politikis veqtorebis mimarTulebas; xolo
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi, zurab Jvanias gardacvalebamde
(2003-is noembridan 2005-is Tebervlamde) _ mixeil saakaSvilTan tandemSi (da
Ria Tu faruli konkurenciis pirobebSi), marTavda postSevardnaZistul
saqarTvelos.
sagangebod unda SevCerdeT 2000 wels “dilis gazeTis” sam nomerSi
saerTo saTauriT (“qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”, avtori _
irakli liTaniSvili) gamoqveynebul sam publikaciaze: “Jvanias hqonda
politikosisaTvis aucilebeli ramdenime Tviseba” (25 maisi), “yvelaze Zlieri
da perspeqtiuli figura... SevardnaZis Semdeg” (26 maisi), “vin gadasZalavs _
99
Jvania Tu SevardnaZe” (30 maisi). unda aRiniSnos, rom es aris kargad
gaazrebuli analitikuri statiebi, romelTa avtori gonivrulad aanalizebs
da sagangebo pativs miagebs saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli eduard SevardnaZis
sakadro politikas, SeiaraRebuli “saZmoebis” TareSis periodidan
moyolebuli “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” saarCevno gamarjvebamde, da am fonze
damajereblad warmoaCens zurab Jvanias politikuri zrdis etapebs:
I periodi _ Jvaniam erovnuli moZraobis qaosiT mocul periodSi Seqmna
partia, romelic Tavisi miznebiT izidavda xalxis interessac, dasavleTis
mxardaWerasac... saxelmwifo sabWoSi man zustad airCia orientirebi da
iswavla aqcentebis dasma iq, sadac saWiro iyo da rogorc saWiro iyo...
paralelurad, man Seqmna patara, magram erTguli da mobiluri gundi.
II periodi (1995 wlis Semdeg) _ man unaklod aiTvisa kuluaruli
intrigebis, svlebis teqnologia, “dayavi da ibatones” principi: daxliCa edp,
riTac didwilad gaaneitrala “moqkavSiris” ZiriTadi konkurenti... zurab
Jvaniam SesaniSnavad SeigrZno gundurobis principis momgebianoba da aqcenti
gadaitana ara mxolod sakuTari personis reklamirebaze (rogorc amas irina
sariSvili akeTebda), aramed asparezze gamoiyvana da SesaniSnavi imiji Seuqmna
Tavis gunds araerTi axali saxeliT _ mixeil saakaSvili, mixeil maWavariani,
nino CxobaZe, revaz adamia, nino burjanaZe, elene TevdoraZe da sxv. amasTan,
TiToeuls gamorCeuli funqcia daakisra, riTac mosaxleobis faqtobrivad
yvela fenaze imuSava...
Jvaniam SesaniSnavad aawyo urTierTobebi dasavleTTan. igi demokratisa
da reformatoris imijiT sargeblobs, aqvs gavleniani kontaqtebi dasavleTis
politikur da ekonomikur wreebTan da erT-erTi upirvelesTagania, visac
dasavleTi postSevardnaZistuli saqarTvelos liderad aRiqvams... amasTan,
Jvaniam kidev erTxel gonivrulad gaTvala da poziciebi gaimyara regionSi
saqarTvelos umTavres partniorTan _ azerbaijanTan, sadac mas araCveulebrivi
finansuri da politikuri kavSirebi aqvs... erT-erT praqtikul da momgebian
nabijad Jvanias unda CaeTvalos presasTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
zedmiwevniT daxvewili urTierTobebis awyoba... am periodSi igi Camoyalibda
udavod seriozul, angariSgasawev, gamWriax, gonier da Zlier politikosad.
III periodi _ zurab Jvanias morigi, mesame “xuTwleuli” _ Jvanias Stabi
maqsimalurad cdilobda prezidentis winasaarCevno kampaniisaTvis (2000 wlis

saprezidento arCevnebi _ l.k.) ar gaekarebina saxelmwifo kancelariis Sesabamisi

struqturebi. rogorc Cans, Jvanias surda saarCevno kampaniis mTeli simZime
maqsimalurad aeRo TavisTavze, raTa arCevnebSi sasurveli Sedegis miRwevis
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SemTxvevaSi, madlobis niSnad prezidentisagan aseve maqsimumi gamoeTxova...
Jvania iTxovda mTavrobis, faqtobrivad, srulad dakompleqtebas; anu, rac
SeiZleba meti saxelisuflebo berketis xelSi aRebas postSevardnaZistul
epoqaSi lideris poziciis SesanarCuneblad...
Jvanias win udevs, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” daxvewa-
gadaxalisebis, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, Tavisi birTvis safuZvelze axali
konglomeratis (amjerad myari) Seqmnis procesi. (131; 132; 133)
ganxiluli publikaciebi ar aidealebs zurab Jvanias yvela Tvisebas da
politikur nabijs, yuradRebas amaxvilebs mis mier Tundac im periodSi
daSvebul arsebiT Secdomebze (eduard SevardnaZis SesaZleblobebis
saTanadod Seufasebloba da misi Zalauflebis droze adre SezRudvis
mcdeloba, sulswrafoba, Sesaferi droisa da momentis verSerCeva...), riTac
ufro met damajereblobas iZens.
davubrundeT gigi TevzaZis zemoxsenebul eses, romelSic kargadaa
axsnili, rogor Cajda Jvanias faqtori SevardnaZis saxelisuflo
teqnologiaSi: SevardnaZes “sWirdeboda adamiani, vinc pasuxismgeblobas
aiRebda mis gadawyvetilebebze. aseTi kaci ki, arsebul kandidaturebs Soris,
mxolod Jvania iyo. ase iqca Jvania aTkaciani fraqciis lideridan
Zalauflebis moziared _ marTalia, jerjerobiT mxolod pasuxismgeblobis
aspeqtSi, magram yvelaferi imaze miuTiTebda, rom male gadawyvetilebis
nawilic misi sakuTreba gaxdeboda.” 1995 wels Jvania parlamentis
Tavmjdomared airCies da man “Zalauflebis sakuTari wilic miiRo”; “... es iyo
pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac SevardnaZem aSkarad gayo Zalaufleba: parlamenti
Jvanias Caabara demokratiisa da Zalauflebis simulirebisaTvis, xolo
aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba _ lekiSvils, Zveli xelisuflebis subieqtebis
gamocdili meTodebiT sakontrolod.” (25, 19-20)
am masalebis Sejereba warmodgenas iZleva ara mxolod Jvanias
Zalauflebis anatomiaze, aramed kargad Sifravs sadisertacio naSromis am
nawilSi aRwerili saxelisuflo brZolebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas da,
amasTan, saSualebas gvaZlevs am sqemas SevudaroT Sesabamisi procesebis
proeqcia presaSi.

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  parlamentisa da mTavrobis dapirispireba

2000 wlis april-maisSi, telekompania ”rusTavi 2”-ma, “rezonansma”,

“aliam”, “dilis gazeTma”, gaamZafres xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo da
aRmasrulebel Stoebs Soris warmoSobili daZabuloba; rogorc “alia” werda,
“SevardnaZe am ori saxelisuflo Stos uTanxmoebis epicentrSi moeqca.
orTabrZola TiTqos daSantaJebis formasac ki iZens. SantaJis obieqtad isev
SevardnaZes iyeneben.” (“alia”, 30.04.2000)
sagazeTo statiebsa da satelevizio eTerSi musirebda amgvari
formulirebebi: “impiCmentis mcdeloba”, “prezidentis uflebebis seriozuli
sekvestri”, “prezidentma konstitucia daarRvia”, “sakanonmdeblo sabotaJi”,
“sabotaJis momwyobi ministrebi”, “samTavrobo portfelebis uzurpaciis
mcdeloba momavalSi saprezidento taxtis dasapyrobad” da a.S.
konstituciis Tanxmad prezidentis inauguraciis Semdeg isedac
uflebamosilebamoxsnili saxelmwifo ministrisa da mTavrobis gadadgomis
moTxovnas parlamentis mxridan, aqtiuri Jurnalisturi mxardaWera mohyva,
xolo parlamentis iniciativa mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobis Semswavleli
droebiTi sagamoZiebo komisiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, xmauriani Jurnalisturi
aJiotaJis sababad iqca. Jurnalisturi tendencia, tradiciulad, saTaurebSive
gamJRavnda: “me var qurdi, ese igi me var xelisuflebaSi” (igulisxmeba mTavroba, _
l.k.) (“rezonansi”, 24.04.2000); “kancelariaSi saWiros verafers gagagebineben”;
“xelisufalTa arakompetenturobisa da danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegad
saxelmwifo biujetidan milionebi gadis” (”dilis gazeTi”, 12,13.04. 2000); “hyavs
Tu ara saqarTvelos mTavroba?”; “parlamenti mkvdris dasaflavebaze uars
acxadebs” (”dilis gazeTi”, 28.04.2000).
parlamenti-kancelariis dapirispireba rom isev da isev personaluri
saxelisuflo brZolaa, kargad ikiTxeba “rezonansis” pirveli gverdis
anSlagSi _ “pasuxismgebeli pirvel rigSi SevardnaZea”, da karikaturaSi,
romelzec gamosaxulni arian ringze dacemuli lorTqifaniZe, gamarjvebuli,
muStSemarTuli mokrive Jvanias Zlevamosili figura da mis iRliaSi SeyuJuli
daCiavebuli prezidenti. (“rezonansi”, 06.05.2000)
zurab Jvanias realuri konkurentis, saxelmwifo ministr vaJa
lorTqifaniZis gadadgoma Tanamdebobidan CaiTvala ara mxolod
lorTqifaniZis damarcxebad, aramed prezident SevardnaZis wagebul raundad.
maisis TveSi, “rezonansisa” da “alias” TiTqmis yovel nomerSi,
politikosebTan interviuebSi, Jurnalistebi daJinebiT akeTeben aqcents
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“prezidentis impiCmentis mcdelobaze”; sainformacio sababad iyeneben
xelmowerebis Segrovebas parlamentSi _ mTavrobis saqmianobis Seswavlis
moTxovniT.
“mmarTvel partiaSi didi aurzauria. prezidentis siyvaruliT erT
muStad Sekruli “moqalaqeebi” erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen... rodesac
xelmowerebma 120-s gadaaWarba, saqmem saxumaro elferi dakarga. rogorc Cans,
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisaTvis damiznebuli es iniciativa prezidentma
uSualod mis winaaRmdeg wamowyebul aqciad aRiqva. saqme xom mis mier
daniSnuli mTavrobis codvaTa gamoaSkaravebas exeba”, _ werda “rezonansi”.
(“rezonansi”, 14.05.2000)
am fonze muSavdeba mTavari Tema _ postSevardnaZistuli momavali,
romelic erTdroulad ramdenime mimarTulebiT aqcentirdeba:
o sazogadoebrivi azris Semzadeba da niadagis mosinjva
xelisuflebis saTaveSi “axalgazrda reformatorTa” mosvlisaTvis;
o sazogadoebrivi azris gaaqtiureba prezidentis winaaRmdeg;
o fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba prezidentsa da mis garemocvaze.
“alias” pirvel gverdze Cndeba anSlagi _ “paatas prezidentobisTvis
amzadeben?”, Sesabamisi masala ki Sida gverdebSia gadasrolili da gvauwyebs,
rom “raionebSi gavrcelebuli moaruli xmebiT, paata SevardnaZes safuZvels
umzadeben did politikaSi mosvlisaTvis.” (“alia”, 13.04.2000)
aseve anSlagiT amjerad “rezonansi” iuwyeba, rom “paata SevardnaZe
politikaSi mosasvlelad emzadeba”, aqvea mTel gverdze ganfenili saTauri _
“ratom midis Tanamdebobidan eduard SevardnaZe?” efeqturad mowodebuli es
saTaurebi masalis waukiTxavadac qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom prezidenti midis
da rogorc “mefe”, memkvidred Tavis vaJs tovebs. gazeTis meore gverdze
ganTavsebul publikaciaSi saubaria saqarTvelos mdgradi ganviTarebis
saagentos Camoyalibebis Taobaze, romlis prezidenti paata SevardnaZe iqneba
da am statuss “rezonansis” eqspertebi ganixilaven, rogorc winapirobas
politikaSi mosasvlelad _ “rogorc Cans, SevardnaZe umcrosma aqtiur
politikaSi mosavlenad momgebiani pozicia SearCia.” rac Seexeba prezidentis
wasvlas Tanamdebobidan, gazeTis mesame gverdze irkveva, rom “SevardnaZes
amjerad ar ufiqria prezidentobis mitoveba. is, ubralod, “moqalaqeTa
kavSiris” Tavmjdomareobaze ambobda uars.” (“rezonansi”, 09.05.2000) momdevno
nomrebSi “rezonansi” isev agrZelebs Temas _ eduard SevardnaZis mier
“placdarmis momzadeba” SvilisaTvis “taxtis gadasacemad”; “alia” ki, “moarul

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xmebze” dayrdnobiT, jer avrcelebs, Semdeg ki uaryofs “SevardnaZis
avadmyofobis ambavs.”
“aliasa” da “rezonansis” mier inicirebuli Temis _ prezidentis
Semcvlelis “Jurnalisturi Ziebis” areali TandaTan farTovdeba da presaSi
ganixileba xelisuflebis saTaveSi axali Zalis mosvlis ramdenime varianti:
o SevardnaZes aranairi Zala da survili radikaluri
cvlilebebisaTvis ara aqvs; yvelaze saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, is
mxars dauWers axalgazrdebis mier wamowyebul reformebs da
politikur cxovrebaSi parlaments ufro meti funqciis aReba
mouwevs; (125) Jvanias gunds saparlamento mmarTveloba urCevnia,
radgan Jvanias ar gaaCnia saprezidento qarizma; (110)
o ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebiT, premier-ministris rangSi, Jvania
meore kaci gaxdeba pirveli kacis funqciiT; (111)
o SevardnaZe gaimeorebs elcinis nabijs; misi memkvidre iqneba is,
vinc putiniviT SeinarCunebs arsebul reJims da xels ar axlebs mis
garemocvas. SesaZloa es iyos “samarTaldamcavebis bosi” kaxa
TargamaZe. (158)
sagangebo yuradRebas mivaqcevT “tradicionalistTa” lideris,
parlamentar akaki asaTianis iniciativas _ ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebisaTvis
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Taobaze. movixmobT citatas gazeT “alias”
publikaciidan, romelic imiTac aris saintereso, rom afiqsirebs prezidentis
orbitidan axali Taobis biznesmenebis, parlamentarebis _ levan gaCeCilaZisa
da daviT gamyreliZis, distancirebas: “gaCeCilaZe-gamyreliZis dueti imasac
amtkicebs, rom saxelmwifo ministrad zurab Jvanias wasvlis SemTxvevaSi, is
yvela sakiTxze pasuxismgeblobas aiRebda da Sedegic ukeTesi iqneboda.
kuluaruli informaciiT, axlandeli saxelmwifo ministri, arseniSvili,
Tanamdebobas ha da ha, erT welSi gamoemSvidobeba da Jvaniac aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis olimpze arCevnebamde cota xniT adre gadainacvlebs. Tumca...
ministrTa kabinetis ideam cota xniT kulisebs miRma gadainacvla. amdenad,
SesaZloa, “tradicionalistebis” Tavgamodebam da xelmowerebis Segrovebam
fuWad Caiaros. asaTians Tu mis damkveTs am etapze imedebma ar gaumarTla,
radgan “mas” (igulisxmeba eduard SevardnaZe _ l.k.) ase surs.” (148)
ministrTa kabinetis Temam erTgvarad fataluri roli Seasrula zurab
Jvanias pirovnul da politikur biografiaSi. 2001 wlis gazafxulze isev
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis inicireba, oRondac amjerad prezidentis mxridan,
da, mis mierve, ministrTa kabinetis SesaZlo xelmZRvanelad zurab Jvanias

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kandidaturis dasaxeleba is strategiuli svla aRmoCnda, romelmac Jvanias
mier mogebuli seriozuli raundebis Semdeg (jer niko lekiSvilis, Semdeg
vaJa lorTqifaniZis gadadgoma saxelmwifo ministrobidan), ZalTa balansi mis
sawinaaRmdegod Secvala.
“Zalian ucnaurad moxda Tavis droze, rodesac ministrTa kabinetis
koncefcia Semovida prezidentis mxridan... maSin CemTvis ucnauri iyo, rom
ratomRac dasaxelda Cemi saxeli da gvari, maSin rodesac struqtura saerTod
ar iyo miRebuli. exla daaxloebiT igive xdeba, oRond sruliad sapirispiro
mimarTulebiT. isev daisva prezidentis mxridan, rom aucilebelia kabineti
SemoviRoT saswrafod, magram, amave dros, saswrafod moxda aslan abaSiZis
gvaris dasaxeleba”, _ es gancxadeba telekompania “pirveli arxis” eTeriT
gaakeTa 2001 wlis 16 noembers, “noembris revoluciad” wodebuli movlenebis
Semdeg parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadamdgarma zurab Jvaniam. (143)
amjerad zurab Jvaniam axsna orive SemTxvevaSi am iniciativis miRma
nagulisxmevi saxelisuflo brZolis teqnologia (“bunebrivia, rom Tu amjerad
kabineti daukavSirdeba kidev romeliRaca konkretul politikoss, am
SemTxvevaSi aWaris liders aslan abaSiZes, masac hyavs Zalian bevri
mowinaaRmdege da vfiqrob ara naklebi, vidre zurab Jvanias da isev moxdeba am
struqturis Cagdeba”), magram gacilebiT adre axsna presam (jer kidev maSin,
roca Jvaniam, prezidentis winadadebaze daTanxmeba Tavisi politikuri
pasuxismgeblobisa da Tavganwirvis sademonstraciod gamoiyena).
periodi _ 2000 wlis noember-dekembris “energetikuli buntidan” 2001
wlis “noembris revoluciamde” (“noembris revoluciad” wodebuli movlenebi
ganxilulia disertaciis IIOTavis qveTavSi _ “destabilizaciis sainformacio
uzrunvelyofa”), gamoirCeoda saxelisuflo dapirispirebebis gansakuTrebuli
simZafriTa da presaSi maTi asaxvis gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT. amave
periodSi, sainformacio amindis Semqmnel mediaSi irRveva zurab Jvanias
mediazeobis, misi gundis erTianobis, “moqkavSiris” siZlieris da a.S. miTebi;
Jvanias gundidan distancirebas da reitingul Skalaze aRmasvlas iwyebs
mixeil saakaSvili, paradoqsia, magram mediis Setevis fonze, presaSi
momgebianad pozicionirebs eduardDSevardnaZis persona.

 dapirispireba mmarTveli partiis _ “moqkavSiris” wiaRSi

xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel Stoebs Soris

urTierTobis daZabvis Semdgom sainformacio kampaniis yuradRebis centrSi
105
qveynis mmarTveli partia, mis SigniT urTierTdapirispirebis, ZalTa axali
gadanawilebis problemebi eqceva. masmedia odnav anelebs, magram mainc
ganagrZobs prezidentisa da misi Zalauflebis diskreditacias _ Jvaniasa da
misi gundis imijis ganmtkicebis xarjze.
sagulisxmoa, rom mTeli am procesebis periodSi prezidenti eduard
SevardnaZe mkveTr reaqcias axdens mxolod mTavrobis winaaRmdeg 120
parlamentaris xelmoweris kampaniaze, romelsac t/k “rusTavi 2”-is, gazeTebis
_ “rezonansisa” da “alias” Jurnalistebi “prezidentis impiCmentis
mcdelobaze” aqcentirebisTvis iyeneben.
masmediis flagmanebis mier axalgazrda reformatorTa
demokratiulobisa da yovlisSemZleobis imijis Seqmnis miuxedavad, 2000 wlis
zafxulidan masmediaSi aqa-iq Cndeba miniSnebebi da mosazrebebi Jvanias gundis
“klanur diqtaturaze”, “inkubatoruli meTodiT SerCeuli axalgazrdebis
asakobriv krizisze”, axalgazrda reformatorebis fsevdoevropeizmisa da
kosmopolitizmis kritika da a.S. magram ZiriTadi foni rCeba igive _
“postepoqisTvis” mzadeba da prezidentis memkvidreze marCieloba,
“moqkavSirSi” ganxeTqilebis, prezident-Jvanias dapirispirebis, prezidentisagan
partiis mosalodneli datovebis da a.S. Temebis aJitireba.
2001 wlis damdegidan xelisuflebis damxobis suliskveTeba neldeba,
magram masmedia amjerad xaverdovani revoluciis versiebs amuSavebs;
Zlierdeba pankisis sababiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze ruseTis samxedro
konfliqtis gaCaRebis safrTxe; parlamentis sagazafxulo sesiaze prezidentis
gamousvleloba amZafrebs mis winaaRmdeg mimarTul sainformacio kampanias da
masmedia kvlav amuSavebs “elcinis variantisa” da qveynis pirveli piris rangSi
parlamentis Tavmjdomaris movlinebis versiebs. Tumc, paralelurad, Cndeba
versia, rom politikur kriziss ara prezidenti, aramed parlamentis
Tavmjdomare Seewireba. “rusTavi 2”, “alia” da “rezonansi” aqamde
tabudadebul zurab Jvanias personas kantikuntad ukve uaryofiT konteqstSi
ixsenieben da aaqtiureben mixeil saakaSvilis personisadmi interess.
am fonze “rezonansis” “mTavari snaiperis” _ morige redaqtoris
”gasrola”, romelic, im periodSi, mowmendil caze mexis gavardnas hgavda,
aRarc ise SemTxveviTi mogveCveneba. man zurab Jvanias personisadmi e.w.
damoukidebeli mediisa da sazogadoebis mimarTebaSi, udavod Seasrula
“sasignalo gasrolis” roli: “Cvens politikur speqtrSi aris kidev erTi
“geniosi”, romelic aqamde sufTa gamodioda yvela WuWyidan da raxan azri ara
aqvs arc iumors, arc analizs, radgan sxva gza ar aris, swored mas unda

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SevZaxo: “ei, Sen Savt...a maimuno, vis qonebas aniaveb, Se marTla pederasto!”
(“rezonansi”, 18.02.2002).
es citata mravalmxriv sagulisxmoa; jer erTi, “rezonansi”, romelic civ
niavs ar uSvebda zurab Jvaniasken, am “emociuri SeZaxiliTa” da
bilwsityvaobiT amJRavnebs, rom arc aqamde miaCnda es persona umwikvlo
arsebad; meorec _ “rezonansi” Riad imeorebs igive “braldebas”, romelsac
moskovSi mcxovrebi politologis, vaxtang Wkuaselis mier ufro “civilurad”
da zogadad naTqvams (da “rezonansisagan” cecxlze navTdasxmuls), didi
skandaliD da sagangebo saparlamento ganxilva mohyva (2000 wlis noemberSi).
“rezonansis” Semdeg nomerSi Jvaniasa da mis Tanagundel reformatorebs
ukve erTdroulad Seuties morige redaqtorma da gigi mesvetem:
 “aRvniSnavdi, rom male “Jvanias gundi” marto erT kacs _ koba
daviTaSvils daerqmeoda. saqme is aris, rom saakaSvilis gaministrebis
Semdeg revoluciuri gardaqmnebis droSa parlamentSi am axalgazrda
kacma aitaca da Jvanias gundis garegnul saxedac iqca. Tumca, rogorc
Cans, Tavad Jvanias am dros sulac ar erevolucieba da Sesabamisad, mis
gundSi revolucionerebisTvis adgili ar aris.” (aleko cqitiSvili,
“morige redaqtoris Canawerebi”, “rezonansi”, 19 Tebervali, 2001).
 “sazizRar situaciaSi varT: gvegona, erTi Taoba midioda da modioda
meore, romelic qveyanas Tavis adgils daumkvidrebda lokalurad iq,
sadac aris da globalurad iq, sadac misi adgilia _ evropaSi. SevcdiT.
bolo aTwleulis axalma saxeebma ieri icvales. Tqves, rom varT
“qarTvelebi, e.i. evropelebi”, magram aRmoCnda, rom arc evropelebi arian
da miT umetes, arc _ qarTvelebi. es adamianebi gvian daibadnen, adre rom
dabadebuliyvnen, klasikuri komkavSiruli liderebi iqnebodnen.” (gigi
mesvete, ”koreqtuli sveti”, “rezonansi”, 19 Tebervali, 2001).
sagangebod mivapyrobT yuradRebas mesijs “revoluciuri”, romelic, Cveni
azriT, saqarTvelos politikur cxovrebaSi (Sesabamisad, politikur spetrSi)
Tvisobrivi cvlilebebisa da “xaverdovani revoluciis” teqnologiuri
procesebis mauwyebeli unda iyos. es ar aris “revoluciis” xsenebiT
gamowveuli asociaciuri paraleli. es cneba qarTul presaSi isedac xSirad
figurirebda, oRondac, rogorc vnaxeT, destabilizaciuri procesebis
konteqstSi. aq ki xazgasmulia “revoluciuri gardaqmnebi”, romlis droSa
parlamentSi axalgazrda mixeil saakaSvilma aitaca; Jvanias ki, Turme, “sulac
ar erevolucieba”, ufro metic, aRmoCnda, rom igi “arc evropelia” da “miT

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umetes, arc _ qarTveli”; Sesabamisad, mis gundSi revolucionerebisTvis
adgili ar aris.”
Tu ufro Sors wavalT, Tamamad SeiZleba Tqma, rom presis Tvisobrivi
analiziT SesaZlo iyo prognozireba imisa, rom 2001 wlis “noembris
revolucias” parlamentis Tavmjdomare, zurab Jvania Seewireboda (amaze presa
pirdapir mianiSnebda kidec); rom gardauvali iyo radikaluri opoziciis saxiT
mixeil saakaSvilis mxardamWerTa Camoyalibeba, Jvania-saakaSvilis politikuri
gzebis daSoriSoreba... sxvaTa Soris, presis “saavtoro frazaa” “politikuri
daswrobana”, romliTac aRiniSneboda xelisuflebidan opoziciaSi gadasuli
Jvaniasa da saakaSvilis faruli Tu aSkara qiSpi; Tumc, presa imasac xazgasmiT
aRniSnavda, rom isini ganwirulni arian erTianobisTvis, rom maT erTmaneTi
sWirdebaT.
am Tvalsazrisis gansamtkiceblad gamodgeba “merabiSvilis incidentTan”
(“merabiSvilgeitis”) dakavSirebuli sainformacio aurzauri, romelic presis
publikaciaTa erT nawilSi araorazrovnad daukavSira mixeil saakaSvils:
 “kidev erTi tendencia, romelic merabiSvilis Temis aJitirebiT
masmediaSi gamoikveTa, aseTia: reformatorebad wodebul gunds bolo
dReebSi Zalian xSirad saakaSvilis gundad moixseniebdnen. jer kidev
wina parlamentSi dasaxelebul gunds mxolod Jvanias saxelTan
aigivebdnen; am parlamentis moRvaweobis bolo periodSi gunds Jvania-
saakaSvilis saxeli ewoda. dRes gundis liderad mxolod saakaSvilis
dasaxeleba (misi gaaqtiurebis fonze) aSkarad migvaniSnebs imaze, rom
saqarTveloSi prezidentobis ambicia kidev erT kacs gauCnda”. (147).
 “saakaSvilma Tavisi saarCevno kampania Zalian adre daiwyo. TiToeuli
misi moqmedeba, manerebi imaze metyvelebs, rom mas Tavisi Tavi
prezidentobis realur kandidatad warmoudgenia.” (89).
 “...merabiSvili “moqalaqeebis” siaSi saakaSvilis rekomendaciiT moxvda da
'igi dRemde saakaSvilis arsebuli Tu ararsebuli gundis wevrad
iTvleba. magram “ratomRac” saakaSvilma merabiSvili ar daicva.” (79).
bolo citataSi sityva “ratomRac” SemTxveviT ar aris Casmuli
brWyalebSi. amiT redaqcia Tavis pozicias, damokidebulebas gamoxatavs da igi
ar unda iyos Znelad asaxsneli. prezidentobis mosurne axalgazrda
politikoss, mixeil saakaSvils, misi eqscentriulobisa da gunduri
principebis erTgulebis miuxedavad, am etapze aRar awyobs radikalis imiji.
igi ukve premier-ministrobis realur kandidatadac saxeldeba (gazeTi “axali
Taoba”, magaliTad, am Temaze pirveli gverdis anSlags misi gvariT iwyebs _
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“saakaSvili, Jvania Tu lekiSvili?”). am viTarebaSi misTvis prezidentis gulis
mogeba gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, vidre megobris sarisko gamoqomageba.
am mosazrebas “dilis gazeTis” publikaciac adasturebs: “...partiis
(“moqalaqeTa kavSiris”, _ l.k.) radikaluri frTis iseTi warmomadgeneli, rogoric
mixeil saakaSvilia, prezidents iqiT umtkicebda imas, Tu rogori
warmatebulia saqarTvelos mier ganvlili gza sxva danarCen postsabWoTa
saxelmwifoebs Soris. “mas ver vakadreb, rom megobari davuZaxo (saakaSvili am
sityvebSi SevardnaZes gulisxmobs, _ l.k.), magram Cveni urTierTobebi mainc
gansakuTrebulad mimaCnia...” (107).
“merabiSvilgeitad” wodebul, saxelisuflo brZolis umniSvnelovanes
raunds, qvemoT ganvixilavT; aq ki davubrundeT isev Tebervlis “rezonanss”.
zemoTganxilul publikaciebs gazeTis momdevno nomerSive mohyva interviu
“rezonansis” gamomcemelsa da mTavar redaqtor malxaz ramiSvilTan;
gamovyofT sam sagulisxmo moments am mravalmxriv sayuradRebo publikaciidan:
upirvelesad unda aRvniSnoT, rom ramiSvili mxolod im mkiTxvels
ubodiSebs msubuqad, “visac examuSa amgvari gamoTqmebiT daxunZluli
“rezonansis” wakiTxva”; meore _ publikaciis qvesaTaurad gamotanilia fraza,
romelic korespondent-respondentis SekiTxva-pasuxSi arsad figurirebs:
“rezonansi” iseve ar aris “moqalaqeebis” (igulisxmeba “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”, _ l.k.),
rogorc CineTis imperatoris”. am kategoriuli frazis adresatad SesaZlo
oponentebi ar unda igulisxmebodnen. es ufro imis gacxadebaa, rom amieridan
“rezonansi” Tavs movaled aRar Tvlis gundruki ukmios parlamentis
Tavmjdomares. amas intervius bolo pasuxic adasturebs: “rezonanss” veravin
akontrolebs da, amitom, CvenTan “msubuq reJimSi” moxsenieba aravis aqvs
dabevebuli.” DDDDGGG
da bolos _ publikaciis saTaurad gamotanili fraza, rom ”gazeTSi
didi emociuroba revolucias iwvevs. rakiRa redaqtor-gamomcemels savsebiT
gaazrebuli aqvs sazogadoebriv azrze zogadad gazeTisa da, konkretulad,
“rezonansis” zegavlenis faqtori, cxadia, gazeTis sxva publikaciebis, Tundac,
Cvens mier am naSromSi ganxiluli (magaliTad, qveTavSi _ “saxelmwifos imiji”
da sxv.) “morige redaqtoris Canawerebis” sabrZolo muxtzec eqneboda
warmodgena. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom publikaciaTa sxva adresatebis, gnebavT
igive prezidentis (romelsac ara metaforebiT, aramed gvar-saxeliT lanZRavda
im wlebSi, lamis yovel nomerSi) SeuracxyofiT daxunZlul “rezonanss”
aranairi formiT bodiSi ar mouxdia mkiTxvelisTvis.

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 erTi Tvis Semdeg “rezonansi” aqveynebs intervius parlamentis “axali
fraqciis” TavmjdomaresTan, daviT gamyreliZesTan. intervius Temaa
“rezonansis” gamoZieba Sss-is saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT. publikaciis
dasawyisSi Savi SriftiT xazgasmulia gamyreliZis sityvebi: “es pirveli
SemTxveva araa, rodesac “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” erTi gundi, konkretulad ki,
Jvanias gundi, sagazeTo publikaciebs aqtiurad iyenebs Tavisi miznisaTvis...
samwuxaro isaa, rom mmarTveli partia da Jvanias gundi mxolod calkeul
publikaciebze, mxolod im statiebze reagirebs, romelic maT awyobT Tavisi
konkretuli mowinaaRmdegis dasamarcxeblad.” (124).
“rezonanss”, rogorc “Tavisufal da obieqtur gazeTs” (Tavisive
redaqtor-gamomcemlis SefasebiT) albaT ar SeeZlo Seemoklebina, an Seecvala
respondentis mosazrebebi. Tumc, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, visgan ra pozicia iyo
mosalodneli, zurab Jvanias oponentebi, rogorc wesi, “rezonansis”
furclebze TiTqmis ar xvdebodnen; da Tu gamonaklisi mainc moxdeboda,
masalis mowodebis forma ar iqneboda amgvari.
SemTxveviTi arc “monarqist” Temur JorJolianTan interviuSi
gamoTqmuli mosazrebis gamoqveyneba unda iyos: “zviadistebi... Jvanias mier
daCmorebuli xalxia... eseni (saqarTvelos xelisuflebas gulisxmobs, _ l.k.)

yvelafers akeTeben imisaTvis, raTa saqarTvelos xelisuflebaSi somexi

moiyvanon, Tanac iseTi somexi, romelic Tavis somxobasac uaryofs." (giorgi
kalandaZe, “SevardnaZe qurdi, damnaSave da teroristia”, “rezonansi”, 19 marti,
2001).
“vaSington postSi” gamoqveynebul statias, romelSic parlamentar vano
merabiSvilis meSveobiT gacxadda, rom SevardnaZes amJamad sityva “reformis”
gagonebac ar surs, igi daRlilia da ar gaaCnia politikuri neba raimes
Sesacvlelad, qarTul masmediaSi didi aJiotaJi mohyva. presis SefasebiT, es
publikacia iyo axalgazrda reformatorebis mier prezidentis gamowveva
sajaro duelSi.
Jurnalistebisa da politikosebisgan gamoTvlili nebismieri SesaZlo
variantis (reformatori ministrebis, an piriqiT _ korufciaSi eWvmitanili
ministrebis daTxovna; “moqalaqeebis” dasja _ “moqkavSiridan” prezidentis
gasvliT; yvelafris ucvlelad datoveba da a.S.) ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi
prezidenti wamgebian mdgomareobaSi unda aRmoCeniliyo; man ki miiRo iseTi
gadawyvetileba, romelsac analitikosebi, yvela SesaZlo variantis gamoTvlis
Semdeg, araprognozirebads, anu eduard SevardnaZis, rogorc “politikuri
didostatis”, gamoucnob svlas uwodebdnen; sakonstitucio cvlilebebis

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iniciativa ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebisTvis, ris gamoc 2000 wlis maisSi
akaki asaTiani parlamentSi xelmowerebs agrovebda, amJamad Tavad prezidentma
wamoayena; Tanac, winaswar gaaxmaura premier-ministris SesaZlo kandidatura _
zurab Jvania. presam am nabijs “Sokis faqtori” uwoda, romelmac “partiis Sida
saxelisuflo interesTa konfliqtebi, praqtikulad, stop-kadrSi gayina”. (106)
prezidentis iniciativam kargi sakbilo gauCina masmedias politikuri
intrigebisa da personaliebis Temaze mravalferovani mosazrebebis
ganviTarebisTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom isini xSir SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs
gamoricxavs, politikosebis, politologebis, analitikosebisa da Tavad
Jurnalistebis msjelobaSi ikveTeba saerTo tendendiebic, romlebic
pirobiTad ase SeiZleba davajgufoT (gazeTebis: “alias”, “rezonansis”, “axali Taobis”,
“dilis gazeTis”, “axali epoqis”, “meridianis”, “axali 7 dRis”, “dronis”, “saqarTvelos
respublikis” publikaciebisa da televiziis sainformacio programebis mixedviT):
o eduard SevardnaZem “udaod Zlieri svla” gaakeTa, romelmac “uaRresad
daZabuli politikuri atmosfero myisierad ganmuxta”; prezidentisadmi
lamis Riad dapirispirebuli misive partiis axalgazrda liderebi umal
molbnen; Jvanias SevardnaZis diskreditaciis gegma CaeSala;
Tanamdebobebisa da ZalTa xelaxali gadanawilebis SesaZlo perspeqtivam
umal CaaxSo axalgazrdebis agresia da qveyanas kidev erTxel daanaxa,
rom mTeli e.w. reformatoruli gancdebi sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara maT
mier mTeli saxelisuflebo sivrcis sruli gakontrolebisken swrafva;
o prezidentma zustad gaTvala dro da kvlav gamoamJRavna qarTuli
politikuri speqtris Rrma codna; am nabijiT SevardnaZem kidev erTxel
moaxdina Tavisi SesaZleblobebis demonstrireba. igi aRiarebuli
strategia, “srulyofilad flobs marTvis teqnologias, politikur
manevrebSi warmoudgenlad Zlieria” da politikur brZolaSi mas badali
ara hyavs.
o Zlieri saprezidento xelisufleba Cveni qveynis mentalitetis
Sesabamisia da arsebul viTarebaSi igi mmarTvelobis yvelaze momgebiani
formaa. rac Seexeba warmodgenili variantiT mosalodnel axal
ganlagebas, igi qmnis safuZvels ara prezidentis uflebamosilebis,
aramed prezidentis mniSvnelobis gazrdisaTvis da mniSvnelovani
momentia saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi dafuZnebis procesSi.
o politikosTa da JurnalistTa sakmaod didma nawilma mosalodneli
cvlilebebisadmi skeptikuri damokidebuleba gamoxata, CaTvala es nabiji
satyuarad, “SevardnaZis axal fandad”, opoziciisTvis “saxravi Zvalis”

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 gadagdebad; drois gayvanis taqtikad, qveynis problemebisagan
sazogadoebis yuradRebis mowyvetis mcdelobad, “moqkavSiris”
intrigebisa da ambiciebis dasakmayofilebel da ara saxelmwifo
interesis gamomxatvel nabijad; demokratiuli procesebidan ukan daxevis
simptomad; yvelaze radikaluri Sefaseba daaxloebiT ase formulirdeba:
SevardnaZe “xelisuflebis narkomania” da amiT xelisuflebaSi yofnas
ixangrZlivebs; “am nabijiT man damarcxeba aRiara”.
o sakonstitucio cvlilebebze msjelobisas gaCnda versiac, rom, SesaZloa,
arc Tavad ideis avtors _ prezidents surdes sakuTari ideis
ganxorcieleba. sinamdvileSi SeiZleba yvelaferi es mxolod da mxolod
saxelmwifo ministrisTvis uflebamosilebis gazrdiT da saxelmwifo
ministrad zurab Jvanias daniSvniT dasruldes, rac maincadamainc
saxarbielo perspeqtiva ar aris JvaniasTvis (SevadaroT _ Svidi Tvis
Semdeg parlamentis Tavmjdomareobidan gadamdgari Jvanias
zemoTmoxmobili gancxadeba).
dabolos, yvelaze sayuradRebo versia, romelmac presaSi iCina Tavi,
ufro siRrmiseuli iyo, ar iyo gaTvlili “masobrivi auditoriisTvis” da,
amdenad, sainformacio aJiotaJs ar daeqvemdebara. am versiiT, prezidentma
daaCqara Jvanias gundisTvis xelisuflebis “xaverdovani gadacemis” procesi.
“guSindeli da dRevandeli viTareba ise gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan,
rogorc ca da dedamiwa”, _ mravalmniSvnelovnad ganucxada Jurnalistebs
“moqkavSiris” erT-erTma reformatorma liderma mixeil maWavarianma. (102)
marTlac, presaSi “merabiSvilgeitad” monaTluli “vaSington postis”
gaxmaurebuli publikacia da misi media- da politikuri rezonansi, gardamtexi
etapi aRmoCnda saqarTvelos politikur istebliSmentSi ZalTa axali
gadanawilebisTvis. amasTan, Cveni azriT, es is momentia, roca presam Tavisi
SesaZleblobebi maqsimalurad gamoiyena movlenaTa ganviTarebis
pluralistur-analitikuri suraTis warmosaCenad.

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 Tavi IV
arCevnebi da politikuri speqtri

amerikeli politologebi, wignis “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi

(qeneT janda, jefri m. beri, jeri goldmeni), miiCneven rom demokratiuli
arCevnebis viTarebaSi “masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mTavari funqciaa
xeli Seuwyos xalxisgan xelisuflebisaTvis informaciis gadacemas,
upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis safuZvelze.” (77, 151)
SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom qarTuli presa “xalxisgan informaciis gadacemis”
(oRondac, ara sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis safuZvelze) amocanas ufro
adekvaturad pasuxobda deklarirebuli damoukideblobis pirvel wlebSi
(gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis Suaxanebamde), roca perioduli gamocemebi
stiqiurad, magram maqsimaluri mravalferovnebiT warmoaCendnen partiul
poziciebsa Tu sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa Tvalsazrisebs, xSirad,
kategoriulad urTierTgamomricxavsac. Cveni azriT, im etapze, cenzurisa da
erTpolarulobisagan daxsnilma beWdurma sityvam erTgvari “TviTnabadi
pluralizmis” atmosfero Seqmna, roca qveynisTvis arsebiTi problemebi Tu
umniSvnelo sakiTxebi erTnairi polemikuri JiniTa da emociurobiT
ganixileboda. rac Seexeba iseT publikaciebs, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, akaki
baqraZis publicisturi werilebi gazeT “mamulSi” da sxva periodul
gamocemebSi, aq ukve Rrmad da Tanmimdevrulad analizdeboda yovel
konkretul etapze arsebuli viTareba, wanamZRvrebi, mocemuli iyo Seqmnili
situaciis gadalaxvis avtoriseuli xedva, movlenebis ganviTarebis prognozi
da a.S.
90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan da, gansakuTrebiT, 2000 wlidan, presa
ufro metad iqca xelisuflebisaTvis brZolis iaraRad. am TvalsazrisiT igi,
sazogadoebisTvis Sesabamisi mesijebis gadacemis, Sesabamisi procesebis
inicirebis instrumentis rols ufro warmatebiT asrulebs, vidre
sazogadoebasa da xelisuflebas Soris mediatoris komunikaciur funqcias.
Jurnalisti maia toraZe, romelmac Tavisi sadisertacio naSromisTvis _
“Tanamedrove presa da arCevnebis problema (Jurnalisturi aspeqtebi)”
mimoixila da gaaanaliza 1990-2004 wlebis qarTuli beWdviTi gamocemebi, wers,
rom “winasaarCevno periodSi masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi mowodebulni
arian orgvari TanamSromlobisaTvis: a). mas “iyeneben” saarCevno kampaniaSi
“moqmedi subieqtebi” informaciis gadasacemad; b). isini TviTon moipoveben da

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gadascemen informacias masobriv auditorias. informirebis orive forma
emsaxureba saboloo mizans _ amomrCevelTa srul gamorkvevas, arCevnebSi maT
realur monawileobas da Tavisufali arCevanis gamoxatvas.” (69, 7)
raxan konkretulad arCevnebis Tema presaSi Cveni kvlevis sagani ar iyo,
kategoriulad ver SevewinaaRmdegebiT maia toraZes, magram 2000-2008 wlebSi
qarTuli presis permanentul monitoringsa da analizze muSaobis gamocdileba
gvaZlevs uflebas vTqvaT, rom saarCevno kampaniebis periodSi masobrivi
auditoriis informirebis amocana, maTi sruli gamorkvevis mizniT, albaT arc
dausaxavs miznad qarTul medias. is, ra Tqma unda, raRac doziT, nebiT Tu
uneblied, asrulebda am funqcias, magram arc arCevnebis “moqmed subieqtebs”
hqondaT mediis meSveobiT informaciis gadacemis met-naklebad Tanabari
ufleba da saSualeba da verc media iyo Semwe amomrCevelTa “sruli
gamorkvevisa” da maTi “Tavisufali arCevanis gamoxatvisaTvis”. amisTvis, mas
arc biznes-damoukidebloba uwyobda xels da arc _ saredaqcio.
amasTan, maia toraZe aRniSnavs, rom mis mier Seswavlil masalaTa
nawilSi “aSkarad SeimCneva dakveTis, politikuri SantaJisa da gamiznuli
provokaciis mowyobis mcdelobis kvalic (xazi Cvenia _ l.k.)”, magram amis
mtkicebulebani ar gaaCnia, ramdenadac “sainformacio saSualebebi amas sakmao
profesionalizmiTa da kanonebis saTanado muxlebis momarjvebiT axerxeben.”
(69, 24)
savsebiT veTanxmebiT kolegas, miT ufro rom amgvari tendencia ara
mxolod saarCevno kampaniis periodSi iCens Tavs qarTul presaSi. e.w. faruli
reklama da dakveTili publikaciebi rom erTi SexedviT soliduri
gamocemebisTvisac ar aris ucxo, amaSi Tundac fiarkompaniebSi
ramdenimewliani muSaobis gamocdileba marwmunebs (presis analizze rom
aRaraferi vTqvaT).
meores mxriv, qarTuli presa arc mdidari gamomcemlebiT aris
ganebivrebuli, arc saxelmwifo subsidirebiT (iribiT TuU pirdapiriT, rasac
sxvadasxva formiT axorcieleben, magaliTad, norvegia, safrangeTi da evropis
sxva qveynebi presis dasacavad monopolizebis safrTxisagan da pluralizmis
SesanarCuneblad), arc maRali tiraJi uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas (ramdenime
iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda). Sesabamisad, bazris ulmobeli kanoni aiZulebs
sainformacio saSualebebs Semosavlis amgvar wyaros mimarTon. saarCevno
kampania ki amisaTvis yvelaze xelsayreli periodia.
saanalizo periodSi saqarTveloSi Catarda 2 _ saprezidento, 2 _
saparlameto da 1 _ TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi. amasTan, sayuradReboa

114
“postaslanuri” aWaris umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebi, romelic pirvelad Catarda
aWaris mmarTveli partiis, “aRorZinebis” hegemoniisa da, ufro metic,
monawileobis gareSe, da met-naklebad realuri konkurenciis pirobebSi;
amdenad, mizanSewonilad miviCnieT, mokled am arCevnebzec gagvemaxvilebina
yuradReba.

 2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi

1999 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi “moqalaqeTa kavSirma” STambeWdavi

upiratesobiT mougo (41,7%) “aRorZinebas”, romelic (26%-iT) “ZiriTadi
opozicia” gaxda; saarCevno barieri gadalaxa blokma “mrewveloba gadaarCens
saqarTvelos”. presa aqtiurad iyo CarTuli winasaarCevno bataliebSi da,
rogorc maia toraZe aRniSnavs zemoxsenebul sadisertacio naSromSi,
“Tavisuflebis maRali xarisxiT”, politikuri subieqtebis strategiisa da
saarCevno taqtikis codniT aSuqebda saarCevno process. (69)
2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebisadmi interesi ki presaSi ganelda;
igrZnoba, rom prezidentobis ori woniani kandidatis _ aslan abaSiZisa da
jumber patiaSvilis fonzec, eduard SevardnaZe mainc ualternativo
kandidatad ganixileba. sainteresoa, rom gansxvavebiT 1999 wlis saparlamento
arCevnebisagan, roca “aRorZinebisagan” “mtris xati” iqmneboda, amjerad presis
publikaciebi umTavresad jumber patiaSvilzea aqcentirebuli da misi persona
skandalur konteqstSic xSirad figurirebs. jer kidev 1995 wlis arCevnebSi
patiaSvilis saxeli aqtiurad ukavSirdeboda 9 aprilis tragedias, mis
mimarTebas am periodis movlenebTan; 2000 wels, amasTan erTad, presaSi axali
kompromatebic gaCnda _ patiaSvilisa da xabeiSvilis (kompartiis yofili
maRalCinosani, iseve, rogorc jumber patiaSvili) dapirispirebis detalebi,
patiaSvilis SesaZlo braleuloba partiis quTaisis qalaqkomis pirveli
mdivnis, mamuka aslanikaSvilis TviTmkvlelobaSi da a.S.
TiTqos paradoqsia, magram aslan abaSiZem bolo momentSi moxsna
sakuTari kandidatura da eduard SevardnaZes dauWira mxari, Tavisi
Tanablokelis, patiaSvilis sawinaaRmdegod. es faqti kidev erTxel
adasturebs presis “moarul Tvalsazriss” imis Taobaze, rom SevardnaZe da
abaSiZe warmatebiT iyenebdnen pirovnuli Tu partiuli dapirispirebis
faqtors momgebiani garigebebisTvis; gansakuTrebiT, xelisuflebis
SenarCunebisaTvis brZolis yvelaze arsebiT momentebSi.

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 naSromSi _ “saarCevno procesebi saqarTveloSi”, daviT usufaSvili da
gia nodia aRniSnaven, rom “2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi, SesaZloa,
yvelaze uaresi iyo saqarTvelos saarCevno istoriaSi: rogorc saSinao, ise
saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebma aRniSnes, rom amomrCevelTa aqtiurobis done
TvalsaCinod dabali iyo, biuletenebis ukanono Cayram ki masobrivi xasiaTi
miiRo.” (70, 26)
2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis gaSuqebaze metad sayuradReboa is
garemoeba, rom saarCevno kampaniis damTavrebisTanave presam da telekompania
“rusTavi 2”-ma aqtiurad daiwyes saubari ara mxolod arCevnebis Sedegebis
gayalbebaze, aramed, Seteva prezidentze (ZiriTadad, “aliam” da “rezonansma”)
da fonis Seqmna misi diskreditaciisaTvis.
“SevardnaZis gamyalbeblebi ori centridan imarTebodnen”, “prezidentma
aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis silac iwvnia”; “arCevnebze yuTSi 5000
biuleteni Cavyare”, “studenti gogona mTeli Tve beWeds urtyamda da mTeli
dRe arCevnebs ayalbebda” _ sapirvelgverdo anSlagebiT iuwyeboda “rezonansi”.
(“rezonansi”, 14,15.04.2000); telekompania “rusTavi 2”-is formulirebiT, es iyo
“cariel saarCevno yuTebSi dagrovili 80%”. (t/k “rusTavi 2”, programa “post
skriptumi”, 06.05.2000)
rogorc Cans, amomrCevelTa inertulobisa da e.w. administraciuli
resursis aqtiuri gamoyenebis fonze miRebuli maRali Sedegi (eduard
SevardnaZem es arCevnebi 79,3%-iT moigo, misma ZiriTadma konkurentma, jumber
patiaSvilma ki xmebis 16,7% miiRo) gaxda sababi zemoxsenebuli
mediasaSualebebisaTvis prezident SevardnaZeze aqtiuri SetevisTvis. “alia”
winaswarmetyvelebda, rom “SevardnaZis reJims avtoritaruli da
totalitaruli daerqmeva, sadac politikosebs sdevnian... istoria ityvis, rom
SevardnaZis epoqaSi politikuri terori mZvinvarebda.” (“alia”, 11-12.04.2000)
(publikaciaSi amis magaliTad naxsenebia dedaqalaqis prokuraturis mier
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvra, arCevnebis boikotisaken momwodebeli
proklamaciebis gamo, magram “politikuri teroris mZvinvarebis”
damadasturebel sxva faqts igi ar Seicavs).
“SevardnaZe _ diadi kombinatorobidan diad eqsperimentatorobamde”,
“SevardnaZe avtoritarizmis fskerze eSveba” _ amgvari saTaurebi anSlagebadaa
gaSlili “rezonansis” pirvel gverdebze, umeteswilad, karikaturebis
TanxlebiT. magaliTad, saTauriT _ “prezidenti male pirveli Ramis
uflebasac moiTxovs” _ karikaturaze gamosaxulia moxuci mefis gverdiT
Camwkrivebuli sapatarZloebi (“rezonansi”, 26, 28.04.2000) da a.S.

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 yuradRebas SevaCerebT erT garemoebazec _ ara am konkretul etapze,
aramed Semdgom periodSi, saxelisuflo brZolebis amsaxvel publikaciebSi,
gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom zurab Jvanias gundma TavisTavze aiRo winasaarCevno
kampaniis warmarTva, saarCevno Stabis faqtobrivi monopolizebiT; es maT
saSualebas aZlevda saprezidento arCevnebis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg,
ufro meti saxelisuflo berketi moeTxovaT.

 2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi

P
”politikuri miwisZvra” _Aase ewoda presaSi arCevnebis wina periodSi
ganviTarebul politikur movlenebs. winasaarCevno daZabulobam gaarRvia
susti adgilebi (iseve, rogorc miwisZvram) da logikur dasasrulamde miiyvana
“moqkavSirSi” jer faruli dinebiT mimdinare da bolos zedapirze
amofrqveuli mZafri dapirispirebisa da mmarTveli partiidan (anu, rogorc mas
uwodebdnen _ “saprezidento partiidan”) e.w. reformatorebis gamoyofis
procesi.
“saarCevno bunkeri”, “sacvlebis gamofena parlamentSi”, “politikuri
antisanitaria”, “politikuri korufcia”, “politikuri balagani” _ amgvari
SefasebebiT dafiqsirda presaSi saqarTvelos parlamentis 8 maisis
skandaluri sxdoma, romelic saarCevno vnebaTaRelvis erTgvar “generalur
repeticiad” iqca. am sxdomis gaSuqeba presaSi imiTacaa saintereso, rom
aqedanve ikveTeba da TandaTan mZafrdeba presaSi arCevnebis gayalbebis Tema. am
motivs aviTareben Tavad arCevnebSi monawile partiebi, ori ZiriTadi
mimarTulebiT _ erTis mxriv, gayalbebebSi urTierTbraldebebiT da, meores
mxriv _ prezidentisa da xelisuflebis dadanaSaulebiT. yvelaze saintereso
isaa, rom arCevnebis Semdeg gayalbebaze msjeloba ara mxolod damarcxebuli,
aramed gamarjvebuli Zalis prioritetadac rCeba.
gazeT “qronikis” publikaciis anonsi pirvel gverdze konkretulad
mianiSnebs arCevnebis gayalbebis meTodebze: “beWdisdamrtymelebi,
buterbrodebis mimtanebi, SuqisCamqrobebi, viTom fexmZime qalebi da “bozebis
mobiluri jgufebi”. masalaSi ganviTarebulia varaudi, rom “arCevnebi
aprobirebuli meTodebiT gayalbdeba”, Tumca, “SaqriT arCevnebis mogeba ukve
istoriis kuTvnilebaa.” gazeTis amave nomerSi, “Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis”
rubrikiT, dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli centraluri saarCevno komisiis
“wvlili” arCevnebis totalur gayalbebaSi da misi meTodebi. (153)

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 gazeTi “axali versia” pirvel gverdze aqveynebs fotokolaJs “gayalbebis
diriJori”. diriJoris rolSi prezidentia, xolo publikaciebSi _ “vin
udiriJorebs arCevnebis gayalbebas?” da ”saarCevno politikuri bazari
kolmeurneobis bazars hgavs” _ “arCevnebis gayalbebis unikalur meTodebze” da
“gayalbebis wyaroebzea” saubari. saarCevno eqsperti nugzar ivaniZe miiCnevs,
rom “arCevnebze kontrolis mTeli Zalaufleba jerjerobiT prezident
SevardnaZis xelSia”; politologi ramaz klimiaSvili ki Tvlis, rom
“bolomde obieqturi arCevnebi ar Catardeba, magram arc totaluri gayalbeba
iqneba.” (95)
arCevnebis gayalbebis aJiotaJis, partiebis urTierTqiSpis fonze
saarCevno kampaniis mimdinareobisas, da, Sesabamisad, presaSi, ukana planze
iwevs mTavari _ eleqtoratis interesi, partiebis saarCevno programebi,
romelTa mixedviTac unda gansazRvros amomrCevelma maTi SesaZleblobebi.
presis publikaciebis SejerebiT ikveTeba mosazreba, rom es programebi
dapirebebs ufro hgavs, araa gaTvlili realur perspeqtivaze, moklebulia
konkretul dasabuTebas, ra meqanizmebiT unda moxdes maTi ganxorcieleba.
yuradRebas iqcevs “axali versiis” publikacia _ “gabruvdiT, daboldiT,
magram foCian kanfets nu daxarbdebiT”. Jurnalisti rusiko gigaSvili
(romelic, amasTanave, saarCevno Temaze gamoqveynebuli bevri sxva masalis
avtoricaa), kompaqturad ganixilavs arCevnebSi monawile ZiriTadi politikuri
subieqtebis: “nacionaluri moZraobis”, “leiboristebis, “axali memarjveneebis”,
“aRorZinebisa” da “mrewvelebis” programebs. (94)
wina arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, roca partiebis “sastarto
mdgomareobis” ganxilva “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” primatis fonze xdeboda,
amjerad adgilobrivi arCevnebis yvelaze skandalur Temad swored
“moqkavSiri” iqca: misi dayofa “mamalaZistebad” da “zuristebad”, maT Soris
xelCarTuli brZola centraluri saarCevno komisiis misadgomebTan,
sasamarTlo procesebi da a.S. am procesis amsaxvel publikaciebSi yvelaze
xSirad csk (centraluri saarCevno komisia) figurirebs: ”ceskom moqalaqeTa
kavSirs arCevnebisaken gza gadauketa” (“rezonansi”, 14.05.2002), “lominaZem
moqkavSiri gaauqma”, (“axali Taoba”, 14.05.2002), “csk-m moqalaqeTa kavSirs orive
frTa mostexa” (“alia”, 14.05.2002), “moqkavSirebi csk-dan garicxes” (“dilis
gazeTi”, 14.05.2002) da a.S.
saarCevno kampaniis periodSi erTi SexedviT yvelaze “araordinaluri”
iyo “axali memarjveneebis” gadawyvetileba _ saarCevno kampaniaze uaris Tqmis
Taobaze. magram maT amis kompensacia swored masmediis meSveobiT moaxdines.

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arCevnebis “pikur periodSi” TiTqmis yvela yoveldRiur Tu yovelkvireul
gazeTSi gvxvdeba “axlebis” Tema, sxvadasxva rakursiT. amasTan, bevrgan
sareklamo wesiT daibeWda publikaciebi “axali memarjveneebis” iniciativiT
Seqmnili daxmarebis fondis, miwisZvrisagan dazarebulTaTvis binebis SeZenis
Sesaxeb da a.S.
saarCevno kampaniis periodSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba iseTi
sainformacio sababis Seqmnas, romlis meSveobiTac politikuri partiebi da
personebi Zaldautaneblad, SekveTili statiebis gareSec xdebian presis
yuradRebis obieqtebi. “aRorZinebisTvis”, magaliTad, aseTi sababi iyo jondi
baRaTurias iniciativiT warmarTuli kampania “eleqtrokavSiris” mier
gaTiSuli oci aTasi abonentis dasacavad. rogorc saarCevno paTosi moiTxovs,
jondi baRaTuria am movlenebs qveynis pirvel pirs ukavSirebs, xolo “20 aTasi
abonentis SesaZlo gamorTvaze srul pasuxismgeblobas qalaqis mers da
finansTa saministros akisrebs.” (80).
yuradRebas SevaCerebT presaSi gamokveTil tendenciaze, rac met-
naklebad exeba arCevnebSi monawile yvela mxares. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
prezidentsa da, zogadad, xelisuflebasTan, politikur ZalTa umetesobis
negatiuri mimarTeba, rogorc erTgvari saarCevno kapitali. politologi gia
nodia, Jurnal “imijSi” gamoqveynebul interviuSi, aRniSnavs, rom “...sxva
qveynebSic adgilobriv arCevnebs mosaxleoba iyenebs xelisuflebisadmi
saprotesto ganwyobis gamosaxatavad da aqac igive moxda. xolo saparlamento
da saprezidento arCevnebs sazogadoeba Tvisobrivad sxva kriteriumebiT
afasebs.“ (108)
presis zogadi SefasebiT, 2 ivnisis arCevnebi postSevardnaZistuli
periodisaTvis politikuri speqtris mzaobis dasadgeni erTgvari testic iyo.
wina arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, amjerad presam, saarCevno bataliebis
paralelurad, eleqtoratsac miapyro yuradReba. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis
“dilis gazeTis” misamarTiT, romelmac amomrCevlis faqtors araerTi
sayuradRebo publikacia uZRvna. moviSveliebT erT citatas: “partiebis
umetesobas mxolod axla gaaxsenda xalxi. arada partiam, romelsac
gamarjveba unda, saWiroa dasabuTebulad ganmartos, rom xelisuflebisaTvis
brZolaSi xalxi unda iyos mizani da ara saSualeba!” (93)
arCevnebSi, Tbilisis masStabiT, gamarjveba moipoves “nacionalurma
moZraobam” da “leiboristulma partiam”, romlebic “xelisuflebis
gansakuTrebiT mwvave kritikaSi ejibrebodnen erTmaneTs, xolo regionebis
umravlesobaSi ukeTesi SedegiT gamoirCeodnen “axali memarjveneebi”,

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romlebic “nacionaluri moZraobis” da Jvanias jgufis ZiriTadi oponentebi
iyvnen da, Sesabamisad, prezidentis farul sayrdenad iTvlebodnen.” (55, 50)
“moqalaqeTa kavSiris” (romelsac arCevnebamde cota xniT adre Jvanias gundi
gamoeyo) dabali Sedegi mosalodneli iyo, magram TbilisSi aRebuli xmebis
mxolod 2% (qveynis masStabiT ki 2%-ze naklebi), yvelaze pesimisturi
prognozis fonzec Sokismomgvreli aRmoCnda.
rogorc politologi gia nodia aRniSnavs, es arCevnebi “ZalTa axali
ganlagebis pirvel gamocdad iqca”, xolo arCevnebis Semdeg “moqalaqeTa
kavSiris” Tavmjdomared saxelmwifo ministris, avTandil jorbenaZis arCeva
moaswavebda am partiis, rogorc “xelisuflebis garSemo konsolidirebuli
“nomenklaturuli” gaerTianebis rekonstruqciis mcdelobas.” (55, 50-51)
Cveni azriT, masmediisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Tvisobrivad axal
etapze gadasvlas unda moaswavebdes arCevnebis Catarebis Semdeg saarCevno
kampaniis, arCevnebis uaxloesi da samomavlo Sedegebis, misi politikuri,
sociologiuri, fsiqologiuri da sxva aspeqtebis gaanalizeba presaSi. gazeTma
“xvalindelma dRem” arCevnebis Semdeg “eleqtoratis privatizebis” Tema
wamoswia, gazeTebi _ “axali epoqa” da “dro” regionebSi arCevnebis
mimdinareobiT dainteresdnen (rogorc yovelTvis, amjeradac adgilobrivi
arCevnebis gaSuqebisas presa ZiriTadad dedaqalaqSi mimdinare procesebiT
Semoifargla).
sagangebod unda SevCerdeT presaSi gamoqveynebuli sociologiuri
kvlevebis Sedegebze. maisSi gamoqveynebuli monacemebis Sedarebisas Tundac
mimdinare wlis Tebervlis monacemebTan, yvelaze TvalSisacemia sam TveSi
“nacionaluri moZraobis” reitingis zrda _ 2,3%-dan 10,3%-mde. “gorbisa” da
“nea intermedias” mier maisis TveSi gamoqveynebuli partiebis reitingebi
maSinve iZleoda sayuradRebo varaudebis ganviTarebis saSualebas, xolo
arCevnebis Sedegebi ZiriTadad daemTxva maTi winaswari kvlevebis Sedegebs.
arCevnebma daadastura “gorbis” mier saqarTvelos regionebSi Catarebuli
gamokiTxvebis mTavari Sedegic _ saqarTvelos regionebsa da dedaqalaqSi
memarcxene Zalebis eleqtorati sWarbobs! aseve, gamarTlda sociologiur
gamokvlevebze dayrdnobili varaudi dedaqalaqis sakrebulos koaliciuri
mmarTvelobis Taobaze, winaswari monacemebiTa da realuri SedegebiT TiTqmis
identuria eleqtoratis inertulobis maCvenebelic. sazogadoebrivi azris
kvlevisa da marketingis asociacia “gorbis” xelmZRvanelis, merab faCulias
SefasebiT, “piar-kampaniebis teqnologia sakmaod daixvewa da nel-nela
mivdivarT im situaciamde, rac 20 wlis win hqondaT dasavleTis qveynebs.” (126)

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 2002 wlis adgilobrivi arCevnebi manamde Catarebuli yvela sxva
arCevnebisagan gamoirCeoda imiT, rom saarCevno kampania da misi gaSuqeba
presaSi mimdinareobda intensiuri sociologiuri kvlevebisa da Tundac
elementaruli saarCevno teqnologiebis moSveliebiT. Sesabamisad, Tu aqamde
qarTul presaSi “piaris” Temas erTgvarad amorfuli saxe hqonda, amjerad
gacilebiT adekvatur konteqstSi da ufro xSirad xsendeba (presaSi,
umTavresad, “fiaris” (PR) nacvlad ixmareba rusulidan kalkirebuli “piari”, _
l.k.). aqve SevniSnavT, rom politikosebisa Tu Jurnalistebis ZiriTad samizned
iqca PR kompania “nikkolo m”-i. erTni mas kancelariis (igive SevardnaZis)
marTulad miiCneven, saakaSvilisa da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg (“axali Taoba”,
05.04.2002), meoreni sapirispiros amtkiceben _ rom saakaSvilis warmateba
“nikkolo m”-is damsaxurebaa, rom misi scenariT ganviTarda adgilobrivi
arCevnebis bataliebi”. (“axali Taoba”, 06.06.2002) Tavad “nikkolo m”-is qarTuli
warmomadgenlobis xelmZRvaneli giorgi RambaSiZe ki Tvlis, rom “yvela
politikuri partiis umTavresi sazrunavi arCevnebisTvis sazogadoebis
momzadeba unda iyos”. (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 30.05.2002).
siaxlea isic, rom arCevnebis Sedegebze msjelobisas presam yuradReba
miaqcia politikuri reklamis formasa da Sinaarss, mis Seusabamobas CvenSi
ukve arsebuli reklamis kanonis moTxovnebTan (Jurnali “imiji”, #4, 2002);
ufro metic, presis calkeul publikaciebSi gamoikveTa politikuri reklamis
Taobaze saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi arsebuli xarvezis problemac.
dasasrul, TvalSisacemia kidev erTi niuansi _ arCevnebis dros presaSi
gacilebiT xSirad irRveva Jurnalisturi eTikisa da, saerTod, adamianuri
urTierTobebis dawerili Tu dauwereli kanonebi. es gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba
e.w. SekveTil masalebSi (farul reklamaSi), ramdenadac SemkveTis, anu, erTi
romelime mxaris interesis gamoxatva uciloblad iwvevs ara mxolod
sapirispiro mxaris interesis Selaxvas (xSir SemTxvevaSi, Seuracxyofasac),
aramed, mkiTxvelis SecdomaSi Seyvanasac; ramdenadac, faruli reklamis
pirobebSi mkiTxveli mocemul masalas aRiqvams ara rogorc kerZo interesis
gamomxatvels, aramed, rogorc presis pozicias.

 2003 weli _ permanentuli saarCevno reJimi

am qveTavSi ganxiluli periodi da procesebi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia

sadisertacio naSromis saanalizo monakveTisTvis; “vardebis revoluciiT”

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dagvirgvinebulma am periodma da masTan dakavSirebulma mediaaqtivobam farTo
gamoxmaureba hpova Semdgomi periodis publikaciebSi (saqarTvelosa Tu mis
farglebs gareT) da araerTgzis moeqca sajaro ganxilvebisa Tu debatebis
arealSi (Tsu Jurnalistikis mimarTulebisa Tu sxva umaRlesi saswavleblebis
studentTa samecniero da sakvalifikacio naSromTa Temebadac iqca). amdenad,
SevecdebiT, am qveTavSi ufro metad zogadi suraTi warmovadginoT.
disertaciis wina nawilebsa da qveTavebSi warmodgenili mediaproeqcia
da, saerTod, Sesabamisi periodis mediis analizi, saSualebas gvaZlevs
erTgvari reziumes saxiT CamovayaliboT imdroindeli viTarebis konturebi:
sazogadoebis politizebis da politikis personificirebis maRali
xarisxi, sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaSi momZlavrebuli
TviTlobirebis (sakuTari biznesisa Tu kontrabandis xelSemwyobi kanonebisa
da samTavrobo gadawyvetilebebis mobilizeba) da lobirebis tendencia,
korufciis maRali done, qveynis cxovrebis yvela sferos _ ekonomikis,
biznesis (Soubiznesis CaTvliT), socialuri sferos, ganaTlebis, kulturis da
a.S. ganuyreli kavSiriDpolitikasTan.
politikuri speqtris e.w. opoziciuri nawili, met-naklebi aqtiurobiTa
da warmatebiT, marTalia, akritikebda prezidentisa da mTavrobis politikas,
magram wamyvan politikur partiebsa da personebs Tavadac ar hqondaT
gamokveTili qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobisa Tu ekonomikis ganviTarebis
konceptualuri programa, sabazro ekonomikis normaluri ganviTarebis
uzrunvelmyofi prioritetebi, socialuri dacvis programebi... Tumc,
opozicioneri politikuri liderebi acxadebdnen, rom momavali etapi unda
iyos ekonomikis politikisagan gaTavisuflebis, korufciis aRmofxvris,
ministrTa kabinetis SemoRebiT saxelisuflo balansis uzrunvelyofis
periodi da a.S.
politikuri da biznesinteresebis dapirispirebisa Tu Tanxvedris
faqtorebi ZiriTadad fokusirdeboda postSevardnaZistul periodze _ momaval
sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebaSi poziciebis gamagrebisa da garkveuli
samomavlo garantiebis Seqmnis, gavlenis sferoebis SenarCunebisa da
gadanawilebis mimarTulebiT (qveynis sagareo kursis, orientaciisa da
politikuri orientirebis gaTvaliswinebiT).
2003 wlis saarCevno periodi mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda wina parlamentis
arCevnebisagan, upirvelesad imiT, rom, faqtobrivad, es iyo erTgvari
generaluri repeticia 2005 wlis saprezidento arCevnebisa; anu “uSevardnaZeo
saqarTvelosTvis” placdarmis mosamzadebeli procesi. am faqtoris

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gaTvaliswinebiT, eqspertTa prognozebi ori sapirispiro mimarTulebiT
viTardeboda:
erTni Tvlidnen, rom eduard SevardnaZe Seecdeboda qveynis ganviTarebis
momavali modelis TavisTavze morgebas da qveynis marTvis sadaveebis
SenarCunebas sxvagvar konstituciur rangSi, an _ xelisuflebis sadaveebis
gadacemas, “rusuli modeliT” Tu sxva formiT, im pirovnebisa Tu politikuri
ZalisaTvis, romelic misi reputaciisa da ojaxis xelSeuxeblobis garanti
iqneboda;
meore mimarTuleba aviTarebda Tvalsazriss, rom eduard SevardnaZem
politikur speqtrs Tavisufali ganviTarebis saSualeba misca da met-naklebad
bunebrivi da Tavisufali konkurenciis pirobebSi moamzada igi qveynis
marTvisTvis. am Tvalsazriss safuZvels umagrebda is garemoebac, rom 2001
wels prezidenti gadadga qveynis mmarTveli partiis _ saqarTvelos
moqalaqeTa kavSiris Tavmjdomareobidan; ar SeuSala xeli sakanonmdeblo
organoSi misi dasayrdeni saparlamento umravlesobis daSlis process;
araerTgzis ganacxada, rom ar apirebs momaval saparlamento arCevnebSi
“moqalaqeTa kavSirisTvis” “qulebis dagrovebaSi” xelSewyobas da a.S.
realurad arCevnebis wina periodSi Seqmnili viTareba, Cveni azriT,
zemoTCamoyalibebuli orive Tvalsazrisis erTgvari nazavi iyo. arCevnebTan da
postSevardnaZistul periodTan dakavSirebiT prezident eduard SevardnaZis
erT-erTi bolodroindeli pozicia ase formulirdeboda: “saerTaSoriso
organizaciebi gvexmarebodnen imitom, rom Cveni saxelmwifo kursis sjeraT.
saqarTvelos mier aRebuli kursi ar unda Seicvalos. amis didi imedi aqvs
Cvens megobrebs. es rwmena ar unda Seilaxos. dRes mniSvneloba ara aqvs,
momavali prezidenti vin iqneba. mTavaria, rom axali parlamenti prezidentis
saxelmwifo kursis mxardamWerTa mier dakompleqtdes. Cven ganwyobili varT
sabrZolvelad da dawyebul saqmes bolomde miviyvanT.” (“rezonansi”, 24.09.2003)
aRsaniSnavia, rom amgvari poziciiTve axsna Tu gaamarTla eduard
SevardnaZem 2003 wlis aprilis damdegs Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi
saxelisuflebo blokisadmi Tavisi mxardaWera: “Cven unda gavxdeT nato-s,
evrokavSiris wevri da a.S. am kursis eWvqveS dayenebis mcdeloba aris. arian
aSkara mowinaaRmdegeebi da SeniRbulebi. is safrTxe, rac TvalnaTliv ar Cans,
magram SeiZleba daemuqros qveyanas, me maiZulebs CaverTo am procesSi. am
etapze ar vapirebdi, magram gaaqtiureba aucilebelia... Tu kursi ar Seicvala,
me bevri saqme aRar damrCeba. raRac garkveuli dro _ 6 Tve, erTi weli, iqneb

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saWiro iyos gamocdilebis gaziarebisTvis.” (“saqarTvelos respublika”,
08.04.2003)
drois am gadasaxedidan SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom am frazebs miRma
ikiTxeba mzaoba (SesaZloa, Semdgomi perspeqtivis codnac) xelisuflebis
xaverdovani gadabarebisaTvis da, nawilobriv, axsna “xelisuflebis narkoman”
(rogorc mas uwodebdnen) eduard SevardnaZis mSvidobiani “Sin wasvlisa”,
noemberSi ganviTarebuli da 23 noembers bolo kondiciamde misuli procesis
Sedegad.
am qveTavisTvis SemTxveviT ar gviwodebia “permanentuli saarCevno
reJimi”; faqtobrivad, wlis damdegidanve daiwyo politikuri subieqtebis
saarCevno samzadisi da saarCevno dispoziciis konturebis gamokveTa; xolo
qveynis cxovreba mTeli weli warimarTa, rogorc erTiani saarCevno kampania;
Sesabamisad, amgvar reJimze gadaerTo masmediac.
saqarTvelos parlamentSi gamarjvebisaTvis 14 partia da 7 saarCevno
bloki ibrZoda, Tumc, gamarjvebis realur pretendentad miiCneoda 7-8
subieqti.
politikuri speqtris dayofa poziciad da opoziciad am saarCevno
kampaniis periodSi ufro paradoqsuli iyo, vidre wina arCevnebis dros.
sakmarisi iqneba Tu vityviT, rom gaerTianebuli opoziciis SesaZlo liderad
presaSi figurirebda parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, nino burjanaZis kandidatura,
romelic realurad gaxda konkretuli opoziciuri blokis (raxan opozicia
ver gaerTianda), “burjanaZe-demokratebis” lideri; igi saarCevno kampanias
bolomde warmarTavda parlamentis Tavmjdomaris rangSi da, zogadad
xelisuflebis mwvave kritikisas, iviwyebda im faqts, rom Tavad iyo qveynis
meore piri. saxelisuflebo blokis (romlis wamyvani Zala iyo yofili
mmarTveli partia _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”) saarCevno kampanias, faqtobrivad,
aseve maRali postidan, warmarTavda misi lideri, saxelmwifo ministri
avTandil jorbenaZe (arCevnebamde ori TviT adre blokis oficialuri lideri
gaxda eqs saxelmwifo ministri vaJa lorTqifaniZe).
sami opoziciuri partia, romlebic winasaarCevno reitingebSi
liderobdnen, faqtobrivad, yofili mmarTveli partiis _ “moqalaqeTa
kavSiris” wiaRidan iyo aRmocenebuli:
“saakaSvili-nacionaluri moZraoba” _ wina parlamentSi “moqalaqeTa
kavSiris” siiT gasuli, eqs iusticiis ministrisa da dedaqalaqis sakrebulos
imJamindeli Tavmjdomaris, mixeil saakaSvilis liderobiT;

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 bloki “burjanaZe-demokratebi” _ parlamentis Tavmjdomaris nino
burjanaZisa da parlamentis eqs Tavmjdomaris, yofili mmarTveli partiis
erT-erTi lideris, zurab Jvanias xelmZRvanelobiT;
“axali memarjveneebi” _ wina mowvevis parlamentSi aseve “moqalaqeTa
kavSiris” siiT gasuli biznesmenebis, daviT gamyreliZisa da levan gaCeCilaZis
liderobiT.
gacilebiT Zveli, “leiboristuli partia” (ucvleli lideris, Salva
naTelaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT), romelic aseve liderobda saarCevno
reitingebSi, zemoxsenebul politikur Zalebs opoziciad ar miiCnevda da maT
mudmivad adanaSaulebda xelisuflebasTan aliansSi.
“aRorZinebas” (“demokratiuli aRorZinebis kavSirs”) (romelic wina
arCevnebSi “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” ZiriTadi konkurenti iyo) danarCeni
opoziciuri Zalebi saxelisuflebo partiad Tvlidnen, rogorc aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikis mmarTvel partias, Tavad “aRorZineba” ki Tavs
WeSmarit opoziciad miiCnevda.
e.w. saxelisuflebo bloki _ “axali saqarTvelosaTvis”, ramdenime
subieqtisagan Sedgeboda, romelTa Soris iyvnen damoukideblobis pirvel
wlebSi Seqmnili, warsulSi saTanado avtoritetis mqone partiebi: erovnul-
demokratiuli partia (edp), qristian-demokratiuli kavSiri, “mwvaneTa partia”;
amasTan, yofili mmarTveli partia _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiri”, socialisturi
partia da sxva subieqtebi.
didi opoziciuri gaerTianebis Seqmna, romlis molodini Zalian mZlavri
iyo sazogadoebaSi, yvelaze metad pirovnulma ambiciebma Seaferxa _ yvela
zemoxsenebul liders (levan gaCeCilaZis garda), afiSirebulad Tu
araafiSirebulad, prezidentobis ambicia hqonda (aRmoCnda, rom wlebis
Semdgom es ambicia gaCeCilaZesac gauCnda).
TiTqmis yvela politikuri partia identificirdeboda liderTan da ara
Tavis samoqmedo kredosTan pirovnuli faqtori amjeradac ganmsazRvreli iyo
eleqtoraluri arCevanisTvis.
“lokomotivis” fenomeni dominantur faqtorad rCeboda 2003 wlis
saparlamento arCevnebis winac. ramdenime saarCevno subieqtma am rolis
Semsruleblis saxeli Tavis saxelwodebaSic ki Seitana: “burjanaZe-
demokratebi”, “saakaSvili-nacionaluri moZraoba”, “patiaSvili-erToba”, rac
imaze mianiSnebs, rom im droisTvis lideris fenomens jer kidev eniWeboda
upiratesoba partiul Tu blokis programasTan da ideologiasTan SedarebiT”,
_ aRniSnavs givi kapanaZe Tavis naSromSi “qarTuli media da demokratizaciis

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procesi saqarTveloSi”. kapanaZe marTebulad SeniSnavs, rom “yvelaze Zlier
“lokomotivad” CvenSi qarizmatuli lideri yalibdeba.” (30, 176-177) davZenT,
rom ara mxolod CvenSi, qarizmatuli lideris prioritetuloba,
politteqnologTa azriT, damaxasiaTebelia saerTod postsabWoTa
sivrcisTvis.
raxan politteqnologiebi vaxseneT, unda aRiniSnos, rom am
TvalsazrisiT 2003 wlis arCevnebi aSkarad gamoirCeoda. 2001-2002 wlebis
presaSi “aqsionenkos milioniT” dafinansebuli “imijmeikerebi”, “imij-kontaqti”
da “sitnikovis receptebi” skandalur konteqstSi figurirebda zurab Jvaniasa
da reformatorebTan mimarTebaSi (1999 wlis saparlamento arCevnebTan
dakavSirebiT) da saarCevno procesebTan “piaris” mimarTeba mxolod negatiur
faqtorad aRiqmeboda. ver vityviT, rom qarTuli media, eleqtorati da
arCevnebSi monawile subieqtebi erTbaSad Tanamedrove yaidaze gadaewyvnen da
saTanadod gaacnobieres saarCevno teqnologiebis mniSvneloba da misi
Sesabamisoba Cvens realobasTan; magram media ufro xSirad mimarTavs
komentarebisTvis Sesabamisi sferos specialistebs; marTalia, politikuri
lideri jerjerobiT ar ganixileba, rogorc marketinguli produqti, magram
presaSi Cndeba cneba “politikuri produqti” _ cnobad da reitingul
politikosebTan mimarTebaSi.
am mxriv yvelaze TvalsaCinoa SedarebiT xanmokle periodSi nino
burjanaZis strategiuli (saarCevno) imijis Camoyalibeba, razec presa
gansakuTrebiT amaxvilebda yuradRebas. “nino burjanaZis sensaciuri reitingi”
_ farTo anSlagiT iuwyeboda “alia”, “ai-pi-em-is” monacemebiT politikosTa
reitingSi nino burjanaZis “erTmniSvnelovani” liderobis faqts. (168)
“burjanaZe, rogorc politikuri produqti, Jvaniasa da SevardnaZis
mieraa Seqmnili, _ werda Jurnali “sarke”, _ “SevardnaZe Tavisi gancxadebebiT
da kuluaruli politikiT yvelafers akeTebda saamisod. man ar dauSva
opoziciis gaerTianeba burjanaZis irgvliv. mogvianebiT gaakeTa gancxadeba,
rom burjanaZe kargi Tavmjdomarea, amis Semdeg mkacr kritikaze gadavida. es
TavisTavad parlamentis Tavmjdomaris reitingze dadebiTad aisaxeboda.
batonma zurabma amiT ostaturad isargebla da gasaocari ram moxda _
politikuri organizacia, romelsac 7%-iani barieris gadalaxvis aranairi
Sansi ar hqonda, burjanaZesTan Serwymis Semdeg winasaarCevno maraTonis
favoriti gaxda.” (136)
avanscenaze nino burjanaZis gamoyvana da zurab Jvanias CrdilSi yofna
presaSi upiratesad axsnilia imiT, rom Jvanias ara aqvs qarizma, igi am

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TvalsazrisiTac ver Seedreba maRali reitingis mqone mixeil saakaSvils. aqve
aRvniSnavT, rom qarizmatulobasTan erTad, mixeil saakaSvili, rogorc
politikuri lideri, asocirdeba, pirvel rigSi, korufciasTan mebrZol
gmirTan, reformebTan (gansakuTrebiT sasamarTlo reformasTan), radikalur
cvlilebebTan da a.S. kidev erTxel davimowmebT gigi TevzaZis filosofiur-
politikur eses (“saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”), romelSic igi zurab
Jvaniasa da mis partias ganixilavs “simulirebuli demokratiis” konteqstSi,
“nacionalur moZraobasTan” dakavSirebiT ki aRniSnavs, rom is “sakuTar
momavals liberalur-demokratiul gardaqmnebs ukavSirebs. misi wevrebisaTvis
cxadia, rom isini verasodes daupirispireben maT winaaRmdeg arsebul fuls
ufro met fuls. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daupirispires, maTi unikaloba, anu
maqsimaluri demokratizaciis da liberalizmis talRaze xelisuflebaSi
mosvlisaken mimarTuleba, gaqreba: did fuls didi kompromisebi mosdevs.” (25,
29)
amasTan, presaSi figurirebs mosazrebebi, rom saarCevno teqnologiebi
gamoiyeneba ara mxolod saarCevno warmatebis misaRwevad, aramed,
sazogadoebrivi procesebis marTvisTvisac, Tundac, destabilizaciuri
situaciebis provocirebisTvis. “xvalindeli dRis” publikaciis saTauri da
qvesaTauri kargad gamoxatavs winasaarCevno ganwyobas _ “sareitingo omi
momTabare eleqtoratisTvis”, “sazogadoebrivi azris manipulaciiT
destabilizacia mzaddeba”; publikaciaSi ki vkiTxulobT: “kvleviTi centris
“analitikosis” xelmZRvaneli, giorgi okribelaSvili darwmunebulia, rom
reitingebis omi SeiZleba mZime SedegebiT dasruldes. amas SeiZleba mohyves
destabilizacia, an uares SemTxvevaSi, baqos movlenebi ganviTardes; “rodesac
reitingebis mixedviT partias 20% aqvs da is arCevnebSi 7%-ian bariers ver
gadalaxavs, ra Tqma unda, es destabilizaciisTvis motivacia iqneba”.
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 24.10.2004)
“sociologiuri omi”, “reitingebis keTeba”, “reitingebiT manipulireba” _
mediis leqsikonSi gaCenili amgvari cnebebi imaze mianiSnebs, rom am arCevnebSi
sociologiuri gamokiTxvebi erTgvarad manipulirebis saSualebad iqca. presa
werda imis Taobaze, rom winasaarCevnod Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevebiT
Seqmnili suraTisa da arCevnebze realurad miRebuli Sedegebis
gansxvavebuloba gaxdeba destabilizaciuri situaciis gamomwvevi ZiriTadi
mizezi; rom saqarTveloSi gamogonil gamokiTxvebze ufro didi
moTxovnilebaa, anu konkretuli partia sociologiur samsaxurs ukveTavs ara
gamokiTxvas, aramed pirdapir Sedegs. ra Tqma unda, sociologiuri samsaxurebi

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amas kategoriulad uaryofen, samagierod, partiebi, romlebic mediis
saSualebiT gavrcelebuli sociologiuri gamokiTxvebis SedegebSi xSirad
arian mowinave poziciebze, erTmaneTs gamokiTxvis Sedegebis gayalbebaSi
adanaSauleben:
“me am reitingebis oms undoblobas vucxadeb, radganac masmediis
saSualebiT gadmocemuli prognozebi konkretuli partiebis mier aris
dakveTili”, _ ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma”; “aRsaniSnavia, rom Salva
naTelaSvils amjerad saakaSvilis gulwrfelobaSi eWvi ar epareba:
“saakaSvils es teqnologiebi ar eswavleba. is bantiani biWi rom hyavT (goCa
cqitiSvili _ “rezonansi”), imis daxmarebiT ayalbebdnen da rac undodaT, imas
swerdnen. axla es biWi Jvanias bankSi gadabargda da miSas aRar swyalobs.
amitomac aris gabrazebuli. visac reitingi ara aqvs, gayalbeba imas sWirdeba.
“gelapma” Caatara gamokvlevebi da am kvlevebiT pirvel adgilze Cven varT...
reitingi aqvs mxolod leiboristul partias.” (“rezonansi”, 19.09.2003)
arCevnebamde ramdenime dRiT adre mediaSi gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda
sazogadoebrivi azriT manipulirebis Tema. zogierTi eqsperti azerbaijanSi
arCevnebis Semdeg momxdar sisxlian dapirispirebas arapirdapir
egzitpolebsac ukavSirebs (arCevnebis dRes gamoqveynebuli erT-erTi
egzitpolis mixedviT opoziciuri partiis kandidati liderobda); marTalia,
dapirispirebis provocirebaSi sociologiuri jgufi arafer SuaSia, magram am
monacemebs SeeZlo gaemZafrebina arCevnebis Sedegebisadmi undobloba.
mediaSi ikveTeba Tvalsazrisic, rom teqnologiebis gaaqtiurebam
eleqtoraluri sivrcis Camoyalibebazec iqonia zegavlena, gazarda
amomrCevlis mzaoba arCevanisTvis. kvleviTi centris “analitikosis” mier
Catarebuli gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, prognozirebuli iyo, rom saqarTvelos
masStabiT arCevnebSi monawileobas miiRebda mosaxleobis 78,7%. (“xvalindeli
dRe”, 24.10.2003) sagulisxmoa PR kompania “nikkolo m”-is xelmZRvanelis, giorgi
RambaSiZis mosazreba, romelic miiCnevda, rom “dRes aris Camoyalibebuli
eleqtorati da “karuselebis” dro saqarTveloSi wavida”. misi azriT, wina
arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar igrZnoba prezidentis gansakuTrebuli
mxardaWera saxelisuflebo blokisadmi. prezidentma miaRwia mTavars _
gazrdilia arCevnebSi monawileobis eleqtoraluri moTxovna. amasTan, giorgi
RambaSiZe Tvlida, rom saubari xelisuflebisagan marTul destabilizaciasa
da arCevnebis CaSlaze isev da isev cnobili teqnologiebis Sedegia. (t/k
“imedi”, programa “arCevani”, 03.10. 2003)

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 sainformacio teqnologiebis mkvlevari goCa CogovaZe aRniSnavda, rom
“politikuri partiebi da blokebi TviTreklamisa da sakuTari ideebis
sailustraciod sul ufro farTod iyeneben Tanamedrove sainformacio
teqnologiebs... rac Seexeba imas, ramdenad cvlian es teqnologiebi qarTul
politikur speqtrs; Tu SevadarebT dasavleTis winasaarCevno bataliebs
saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs, me vityodi, rom CvenTan ZiriTadi aqcenti
keTdeba pirovnebebze, maT Tvisebebze, warmoSobasa da SesaZleblobebze, roca
dasavleTSi debartebi imarTeba ufro partiebisa da blokebis programebis
Sesaxeb.” (Jurnali “Tbiliselebi”, 20.10.2003)
disertaciis pirvel nawilSi yuradRebas vamaxvilebdiT mediis faqtorze,
romelmac Seamzada niadagi postSevardnaZistul epoqaSi “xaverdovani”
gadasvlisTvis, SemdgomSi “gamarjvebul televiziad” wodebuli “t/k “rusTavi
2”-is gansakuTrebul wvlilze “vardebis revoluciaSi” da a.S. eleqtoralur
arCevanze mediis zemoqmedebis sailustraciod moviSveliebT Tanamedrove
amerikis erT-erTi gavleniani da warmatebuli politikuri konsultantis, dik
morisis (albaT sakmarisi iqneba Tu vityviT, rom igi xelmZRvanelobda 1996
wels prezident bil klintonis meore vadiT arCevis kampanias) mosazrebas. is
aRniSnavs, rom “amerikelebi dRes warmoadgenen sainformacio narkomanebisagan
Semdgar eleqtorats”, romelsac informirebulobis maRali done sakuTar
politikur pozicias uyalibebs. Sesabamisad, amerikelebi politikurad ufro
da ufro damoukideblebi xdebian da eleqtoratis didi wili _ 40 procenti,
es is adamianebi arian, romlebic ar arian arcerTis mxardamWerebi _ ori
ZiriTadi politikuri partiidan (respublikelebi da demokratebi, _ l.k.), da xmas ar
aZleven maT programebs. (51, 11-14) eleqtoratis damoukideblobis faqtors dik
morisi amerikis saxelmwifos demokratiulobis maCveneblad miiCnevs.
“demokratia _ es aris arCevnebi, xolo arCevnebiT Cven imis dadgenas
vcdilobT, Tu saiT unda wavides qveynis ganviTareba”, _ aRniSnavs leSek
balceroviCi Tavis wignSi _ “saxelmwifo gardamaval periodSi”. (5, 12)
rogorc vxedavT, arCevnebi da amomrCevlis damoukideblobis faqtori
qveynis demokratiulobis ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mTavari kriteriumia. am
fonze pasuxismgebloba da roli mediisa, romelic zegavlenas axdens
eleqtoralur arCevanze, uaRresad mniSvnelovania. es Tema SemTxveviT ar
wamogviwevia wina planze; “vardebis revolucia”, romliTac dasrulda 2003
wlis permanentuli saarCevno reJimi, Cveni azriT, TavisTavad iyo
“politteqnologiuri produqti”. amdenad, varCieT am mimarTulebiT presis
naklebad Seswavlil aqcentebze ufro metad gagvemaxvilebina yuradReba, vidre
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saarCevno bataliebze, “kmaras” aqciebze, “amerikul saarCevno receptze”
(presis formulireba), romelic saqarTveloSi jeims beikerma Camoitana (7-9
ivlisis presa, 2004) da a.S.
rac Seexeba mediis wvlils “vardebis revoluciis” momzadebasa da
ganxorcielebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom am Temaze TiTqos bevri iTqva da
daiwera, migvaCnia, rom es Tema sagangebo kvlevebs imsaxurebs. Aam Temas
mokled Cvenc SevexeT disertaciis sxva TavebSi, aq ki moviSveliebT maia
toraZis mosazrebas zemoxsenebuli sadisertacio naSromidan (“Tanamedrove
presa da arCevnebis problema”): “2003 wlis 2 noembris arCevnebze xmebis
gayalbebis winaaRmdeg amomrCevlis gaaqtiureba masobrivi informaciis
saSualebaTa damsaxurebaa.” (69, 17)

arCevnebi saqarTvelos gamocdaa demokratiaSi _ es damokidebuleba

saparlamento arCevnebisadmi yvelaze mkafiod ikveTeba presaSi. eqspertebis
(maT Soris _ dasavleli eqspertebis) SefasebiT, postsabWoTa sivrceSi
Catarebul arcerT arCevnebs aseTi interesi ar gamouwvevia. amaze metyvelebda
ucxoel damkvirvebelTa sarekordo maCvenebelic _ 2000-ze meti.

oqtomberSi saqarTveloSi vizitad myofma senatorma jon makkeinma

ganacxada, rom aSS-is mizania saqarTveloSi samarTliani da gamWvirvale
arCevnebi Catardes: “saqarTvelo amerikelebisaTvis Tavisuflebis simboloa da
kargi iqneba, Tu is arCevnebis Semdegac aseTad darCeba.” man aRniSna, rom
“amerikas am arCevnebSi ar hyavs sakuTari kandidatura”. sagulisxmo iyo
makkeinis fraza: “Tu qveyana sxvas sTxovs sakuTari Tavisuflebis dacvas,
kargavs Tavisuflebas.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 06.10.2004)
“erovnul-demokratiuli institutis” direqtori mark maleni miiCnevda,
rom “arCevnebis bedi mxolod saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa xelSia”; rom
“arCevnebis samarTlianobis gansazRvra imis mixedviT, Tu ra procenti miiRo
erTma partiam da ra _ meorem, ar SeiZleba. rogorme yvela partia erTnairi
pasuxismgeblobiT unda CaerTos arCevnebis samarTlianad Catarebis
uzrunvelyofaSi.”
saqarTvelosadmi dasavleTis damokidebulebisa da arCevnebis
urTierTmimarTebam gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina baqos movlenebis
Semdeg. saqarTvelos mediaSi gaCnda mosazrebebi, rom saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobroba saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ise loialuri ar iqneba, rogorc

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azerbaijanTan mimarTebaSi. es varaudi daadastura 21 oqtombers TbilisSi
vizitad myofi euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris iap de hoop sxeferis gancxadebam,
rom evropa saqarTveloSi saparlamento arCevnebis Catarebis process
gansakuTrebiT gaakontrolebs; rom am dRes gamoCndeba, ramdenad myari da
safuZvliania saqarTvelos ambiciebi _ evroatlantikur sivrceSi qveynis
sruli integraciisa. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 22.10.2003)
paralelurad, analitikosebi ar iviwyebdnen ruseTis faqtorsac
(konteqstiT _ “saqarTvelo _ ruseT-amerikis gzajvaredini”) da
prognozirebdnen, rom arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT, ruseTi ecdeba ufro
gaamwvavos procesebi saqarTveloSi da destabilizaciis saSiSroeba
albaTobidan realobad aqcios.
arCevnebis wina dReebSi opoziciis mxridan gaZlierda aqcenti, rom
arCevnebis gayalbeba lamis gardauvalia da, Sesabamisad, aseve gardauvalia
masobrivi gamosvlebi, romelic, SesaZloa, destabilizaciaSi gadaizardos.
azerbaijanSi saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom ganviTarebulma movlenebma,
SeiZleba iTqvas, saqarTveloSi winaswar moaxdina saparlamento arCevnebTan
dakavSirebuli “destabilizaciuri molodinis” provocireba.

arCevnebis moaxloebasTan erTad presaSi ufro xSirad Cndeba sagangaSo

ganwyobis Semqmneli saTaurebi: “zugdidSi devnilebsa da adgilobrivebs
Soris sisxlisRvra igegmeba?”; “vanSi arCevnebi, SesaZloa, CaiSalos”
(“rezonansi”, 23.10.2004), “arCevnebis gayalbebiT ukmayofiloebs SevardnaZe baqos
scenars umzadebs”; “arCevnebis dRes deni ar iqneba” (“xvalindeli dRe”,
23.10.2004), “opozicia mosaxleobas fsiqologiurad amzadebs arCevnebis Semdeg
quCaSi gamosayvanad”; “winasaarCevno kampania danaSaulebriv xasiaTs Rebulobs”
(“axali Taoba”, 24.10.2004), “lagodexSi winasaarCevno dapirispireba mwvavdeba”
(“24 saaTi” 24.10.2004) da a.S.
situaciis daZabvis sababad iqca saarCevno siebi, romlis gayalbebaSi,
jer kidev arCevnebamde, erTmaneTs adanaSaulebdnen xelisufleba, opozicia,
centraluri saarCevno komisia da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi. garda amisa,
Seqmnili situaciis axsnisTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi faqtori _
opoziciuri partiebi erT sivrceSi “TamaSobdnen”, seriozuli politikuri
Zalis ganacxadi minimum 7 politikur Zalas mainc hqonda (maTi saerTo
“saarCevno wili” daaxloebiT 70-75%-s Seadgenda). “SedegebiT ukmayofilo
organizaciebi aucileblad gaakeTeben mkveTr gancxadebebs. opozicia aris
cxra, saxelisuflebo bloki _ erTi. erTma rom gaimarjvos, rva ukmayofilo
iqneba, an SeiZleba cxrave iqnes ukmayofilo”, _ aseT komentars akeTebda
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saxelisuflebo blokis spikeri (warsulSi erovnuli moZraobis erT-erTi
lideri), irina sariSvili-Wanturia, arCevnebamde ramdenime kviriT adre.
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 24.10.2003)
2 noembers, saparlamento arCevnebTan erTad, saqarTveloSi, faqtobrivad,
referendumic tardeboda _ amomrCevels unda epasuxa kiTxvaze: ”mxars uWerT
TuU ara parlamentarTa raodenobis 150-mde Semcirebas?”
arCevnebamde gamokveTili sazogadoebrivi azri, eqspertTa da
JurnalistTa mosazrebebi erTmaneTs emTxveoda im TvalsazrisiT, rom
parlamentis raodenobrivi Semcireba aucilebelia; magram azrTa sxvadasxvaoba
iyo referendumis arCevnebTan erTad Catarebis mizanSewonilobis gamo. iurist
daviT usufaSvilis mosazrebiT, es referendumi plebiscitis funqcias
Seasrulebda, radgan referendumisagan gansxvavebiT, misi Sedegis
dauyovnebliv Sesruleba ar moxdeboda, parlamentarTa raodenobis Semcireba
axali mowvevis parlaments ar exeboda; parlamenti gaiTvaliswinebda e.w.
referendumis Sedegebs da miiRebda Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas. saqarTvelos
prezidenti eduard SevardnaZe referendums akisrebda ara mxolod
parlamentis raodenobrivi Semcirebis, aramed, qveyanaSi sakonstitucio
reformebis ganxorcielebisaTvis niadagis momzadebis funqcias. pirvel rigSi,
igulisxmeboda ministrTa kabinetis SemoReba, romlis aucileblobaSi
erTsulovani iyo xelisuflebac da opoziciac. (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom
referendumis SedegebiT, saqarTvelos amomrCevelTa 99%-ma xma misca
parlamentarTa ricxvis Semcirebas).
2 noembris arCevnebma, romelsac baqos movlenebis msgavs ganviTarebas
uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen, eleqtoratis mosalodnelze meti aqtiurobiT Caiara
da miuxedavad arCevnebis momdevno dRis simSvidisa, 4 noembris saRamos,
destabilizaciuri situaciis zRvarTan mivida. blok “burjanaZe-demokratebis”
mowodebas _ “davicvaT demokratiuli opoziciis xmebi”, pirveli SeuerTda
bloki “saakaSvili-nacionalebi”. liderebis meTaurobiT, aseulobiT
mxardamWerTan erTad, isini quCaSi gamovidnen da mitingi gamarTes.
centraluri saarCevno komisiis winaswari monacemebiT miRebuli Sedegi
(romelic uaxlovdeboda erT-erTi saarCevno egzitpolis Sedegs)
saxelisuflebo blokisTvis _ 24%, iseve, rogorc opoziciuri partiebis
saerTo savaraudo procenti (70%-mde), met-naklebi realobiT asaxavda
politologebis mier winaswar prognozirebul Sedegebs. winaswari monacemebiT,
bloks _ “saakaSvili-nacionalebi”, romelic parlamentSi umravlesobiT
mosvlas gegmavda (iseve, rogorc “leiboristebi” da “burjanaZe-demokratebi”),

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saxelisuflebo blokis Tanabari procenti hqonda. arCevnebis wina periodSi
reitingebis pirvel-meore nomrad myofi “burjanaZe-demokratebis” wili, 8%--is
farglebSi meryeobda, rac maT winasaarCevno ambiciebs namdvilad ar
Seesabameboda; Tumc, bevri eqsperti miiCnevda _ rom ara personalurad nino
burjanaZis mkveTrad mzardi reitingi, am blokis mTavari subieqti _
“demokratebi”, 7%-iani barieris vergadalaxvis sfrTxis winaSe idga.
yvela saxis winaswari monacemebiT (cesko-s winaswari monacemebi,
arasamTavrobo organizacia ”samarTliani arCevnebis” paraleluri daTvlis
SedegiT, ori, erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli egzitpolis SedegebiT),
parlamentSi moxvedra TiTqmis garantirebuli hqondaT: saxelisuflebo bloks
“axali saqarTvelosaTvis”, blok “saakaSvili-nacionalebs”, “demokratiuli
aRorZinebis kavSirs” (“aRorZinebas”) da “leiboristul (Sromis) partias”. 7%-
iani barieris gadalaxvis Sansi hqondaT blok “burjanaZe-demokratebsa” da
“axal memarjveneebs”, maTze naklebi, magram Teoriuli Sansi _ bloks
“mrewveloba gadaarCens saqarTvelos”.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, saerTaSoriso damkvirveblebma saqarTveloSi
Catarebuli arCevnebi (azerbaijanuli arCevnebisagan gansxvavebiT) uSeRavaTod,
saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebiT Seafases da aRniSnes, rom igi ar
Seesabameboda am standartebs. “migvaCnia, rom qveynis mosaxleoba ufro karg
saarCeveno sistemas da uflebebis Sesabamis dacvas imsaxurebs, rac
samwuxarod, guSin ar ganxorcielda”, _ aRniSna 3 noembers gamarTul
brifingze euTo-s moqmedi Tavmjdomaris sagangebo koordinatorma brius
jorjma. aSS-is saerTaSoriso respublikuri institutis prezidenti jorj
filsoni yuradRebas amaxvilebda arCevnebisas gamovlenil problemebze:
amomrCevelTa siebi, saarCevno administraciebis arakompetenturoba,
administraciuli resursebis gamoyeneba, politikuri partiebis ideologiis
ararseboba. (t/k “rusTavi 2”, 03.11.2004)
daZabulobis eskalacia gamoiwvia cesko-Si aWaris avtonomiuri
respublikis monacemebis Sesvlam, romlis mixedviTac arCevnebis winaswari
Sedegi Tavdayira dadga _ “aRorZinebam” gauswro saxelisuflebo bloksa da
“nacionalur moZraobas” da pirvel adgilze gadainacvla. SesaZloa, es iyo
“babuebis” (SevardnaZe-abaSiZis) kidev erTi garigebis Sedegi _ morigi manevri
xelisuflebis SenarCunebisaTvis.
viTareba ukiduresad daiZaba ara mxolod dedaqalaqSi, aramed,
regionebSic. TbilisSi, parlamentis win dabanakebul momitingeTa rigebi
geometriuli progresiiT izrdeboda. momitingeTa skandireba _ “miSa!”, “miSa!” _

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“nacionalebis” momxreTa primatze mianiSnebda, xolo eduard SevardnaZisadmi
mimarTuli “gadadeqi!” imis niSani iyo, rom yovelgvari ukmayofileba _
politikuric, socialurica da pirovnulic, prezidentis gadadgomis
moTxovnaSi akumulirda.
14 noembers movlenebis ganviTarebam farTo masStabi miiRo _
dedaqalaqSi aTiaTasobiT adamiani Seikriba, ZiriTadad _ “nacionaluri
moZraobisa” da “burjanaZe-demokratebis” mxardamWerebi; mogvianebiT maT
“zviadistebis” erTi frTa SeuerTda. aqciebis mimdinareobis mTel periodSi
gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiTa da radikalizmiT gamoirCeoda axalgazrduli
moZraoba “kmara” (romlis dafinansebasac presa soross ukavSirebda)...
miuxedavad imave dRes prezident eduard SevardnaZis mier gakeTebuli
sagangebo gancxadebisa, rom igi ar dauSvebs samoqalaqo oms, miuxedavad
opoziciis liderebis mudmivi mowodebisa, rom aqcias mSvidobiani xasiaTi
hqonoda, Zalian mcire iyo imis albaToba, rom arCevnebis Semdgomi aTdRiani
daZabuli viTareba da ukompromiso saprotesto ganwyoba seriozuli
destabilizaciis wyarod ar iqceoda. mravalaTasiani mitingi, romelsac
“saqarTvelos bedis gadawyvetis” misia ekisreboda, “si-en-en”-is, “bi-bi-si”-s,
“evronius”-isa da sxva sainformacio saSualebebis meSveobiT, msoflio
sazogadoebriobis interesis sagani gaxda. mitingma, faqtobrivad, “vardebis
revoluciis” generaluri repeticiis roli Seasrula _ Tavisi masStaburobiT,
organizebulobiT, mSvidobiani xasiaTiT, mSvidad daSliT. presaSi es movlena
Sefasda imis mauwyeblad, rom saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebam am etapze
“gamocda Caabara”. (15 noembris presa). rac Seexeba “vardebis revoluciis”
Sefasebasa da mniSvnelobas, es Tema ganviTarebulia disertaciis Semdgom
nawilSi _ “vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi”.

 2004 wlis saprezidento da xelaxali saparlamento arCevnebi

“Segnebulad ar vamaxvilebT yuradRebas 2004 wlis saprezidento da

saparlamento arCevnebze. es iyo postrevoluciuri periodi, roca moqalaqeTa
politikuri arCevani “vardebis revoluciis” dReebSi gamJRavnda. arCevnebi
saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa didma nawilma samagaliTod aRiara, Tumca,
codva gamxelili sjobs _ am dReebSi asarCevi arc araferi iyo, radgan
revoluciis eiforiis periodSi opoziciuri azri qreba” (xazi Cvenia – l.k.), _
aRniSnavs maia toraZe zemoxsenebul sadisertacio naSromSi. (69, 46)

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 Cvenc viziarebT am mosazrebas, magram mainc SevaCerebT yuradRebas 2004
wlis arCevnebis gaSuqebaze, radgan am TemasTan dakavSirebuli publikaciebi,
aqcentebi da niuansebi avsebs presaSi postrevoluciuri viTarebis asaxvis
saerTo suraTs da aCvenebs, rom “vardebis revolucias” arsebiTad ar
Seucvlia saqarTvelos politikuri cxovrebisa da presis mTavari orientiri _
saxelisuflo brZolebis primati, pirovnuli faqtoris dominirebiT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis” procesSi da,
gansakuTrebiT, bolo dReebSi, gamoikveTa mixeil saakaSvilis, rogorc
revoluciis lideris, saxe, funqcia da mniSvneloba, revoluciis meore dResve
daiwyo presaSi versiebis ganviTareba saprezidento kandidaturis Taobaze; ra
Tqma unda, figurirebs mixeil saakaSvili, magram xsendeba nino burjanaZec.
gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe”, magaliTad, werda, rom “savaraudod, qveyanaSi
arsebuli politikuri Zalebis umetesobisTvis met-naklebad misaRebi
saprezidento kandidatura nino burjanaZeEiqneba. mas upiratesobas mianiWeben,
rogorc saakaSvilze gacilebiT naklebradikalur figuras.” (“xvalindeli
dRe”, 26.11.2003)
mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento Rirsebebis ganxilvisas ZiriTadad
yuradReba maxvildeba mis qarizmatulobaze, ualternativobaze, gambedaobaze,
emociurobaze (gavixsenoT vaxuSti kotetiSvilis cnobili naTqvami _
“qarTvelebi emociuri xalxi varT da emociur prezidents virCevT”),
infantilurobaze, “amerikis mier Seqmnil imijze”... gvxvdeba ramdenime mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli Sefasebac; magaliTad, politolog soso cincaZes saakaSvili
britanel premiers, dizraels agonebs, romelsac “axalgazrdobaSi bevri
SokirebaSi mohyavda Tavisi eqstravaganturi radikalizmiT, xolo istoriaSi
Sevida erT-erT brwyinvale premierad, romlis drosac britaneTma suecis arxi
Caigdo xelSi.” (“rezonansi”, 06.12.2004)
revoluciis momdevno dReebSi presaSi aSkarad TvalSisacemia mixeil
saakaSvilis radikalizmisa da agresiulobis xarisxisa da ambiciurobis
Sesusteba. am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze momgebianad igi gazeT “24 saaTis” 24-25
noembris nomrebSia warmodgenili (yuradRebas ipyrobs misi efeqturi fotoc,
gawonasworebul da mSvid pozaSi); aRsaniSnavia, rom erT-erT publikaciaSi
saakaSvili maRal Sefasebas aZlevs eqsprezidents: “SevardnaZe didi
pirovnebaa”; “prezidenti ukiduresad Rirseulad iqceoda”. (“24 saaTi”, 24.12.2004)
(gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom SemdgomSi, gaprezidentebamde Tu
prezidentobisas, mixeil saakaSvili kategoriulad uaryofda eduard
SevardnaZis personas, moixseniebda mxolod mkveTrad uaryofiT konteqstSi da

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yoveli axali saqmis wamowyebisas mis leqsikaSi xazgasmiT figurirebda _
“pirvelad saqarTveloSi”...)
revoluciis Semdgom dReebSi mediis yvela saSualeba exeba mixeil
saakaSvilis SesaZlo likvidaciis Temas ama Tu im konteqstSi. “jorjian
Taimsis” publikaciis (“arCevnebamde saakaSvils moklaven?”) provokaciul
aqcentebSi zurab Jvania xsendeba, rogorc SesaZlo “damkveTi”: “mkvlelobis
ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi winaswar icodeT, rom Jvania damkveTad giorgaZes
daasaxelebs, Tundac im SemTxvevaSi, rom am mkvlelobis ukan Tavad idges.”
(“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2004) mixeil saakaSvilze SesaZlo Tavdasxmis versiebs
amZafrebs usafrTxoebis motiviT krwanisis rezidenciaSi misi gadayvanis
faqtic.
amasTan, presaSi gvxvdeba miniSnebebi “marTvad qaosze” da misi
dakavSireba saprezidento arCevnebis CaSlis safrTxesTan, xsendeba igor
giorgaZe da, ra Tqma unda, ruseTi. politolog paata zaqareiSvilis
mosazrebiT, “...momxdari afeTqebebic, gasrolebic da raionebis mixedviT
ganxorcielebuli satelefono teroric, profesionalebis mier zedmiwevniT
kargad dagegmil da ganxorcielebul sadazvervo-sadiversio operacias ufro
hgavs, vidre “revanSs”. movlenaTa ganviTarebis jaWvi swored imis
mimaniSnebelia, rom procesi ucxo qveynis, kerZod ki, ruseTis
specsamsaxurebidan imarTeba.” (“kviris palitra”, 15.12.2003)
saprezidento arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT presa aviTarebs mosazrebebs, rom
lamis anegdoturi kandidaturebis arseboba saakaSvils karg fons ar uqmnis.
erTaderTi kandidatura, romelic ase Tu ise angariSgasawev konkurentad
ganixileba, Temur SaSiaSvilia. saarCevno kampaniis dasawyisSi, satelevizio
gamosvlebsa Tu sagazeTo interviuebSi, Temur SaSiaSvili xazgasmiT
aRniSnavda, rom qveyanaSi unda damTavrdes yovelgvari dapirispireba,
agresiuli toniT saubari; ar unda gabatondes xunveibinuri stili, qveyanas
akademiuri toni da simSvide sWirdeba. igi acxadebs, rom is ar aris amxela
Zalauflebis mqone prezidentis institutis momxre; am Zalauflebas ver
gauZlo gamsaxurdiam, verc msoflio mniSvnelobis politikosad cnobilma
SevardnaZem gauZlo. gaprezidentebis SemTxvevaSi igi miznad isaxavs
zecentralizebuli sistemis dangrevas. (t/k “rusTavi-2”, t/k “iberia”, 15.12.2003)
yuradRebas SevaCerebT Temur SaSiaSvilTan dakavSirebul ramdenime
aqcentze: presaSi gaJRerda versia rom, SesaZloa, misi saarCevno kampania boris
berezovskim daafinansos da amasve ukavSirdebodes rusi oligarqis bolo
skandaluri viziti TbilisSi. (“axali epoqa”, 05.12.2003); Temur SaSiaSvilTan

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kompromisi da saerTo enis gamonaxva aslan abaSiZes dasWirda imitom, rom
SaSiaSvilis meSveobiT daamarcxos aWaraSi mixeil saakaSvili; an kidev,
SaSiaSvilis meSveobiT mdgomareobidan gamovides da aWaraSi saarCevno ubnebis
gaxsnas mizezi mouZebnos; rom nino burjanaZis mamas SaSiaSvilTan
satelefono saubari hqonda da mas axlad Camosayalibebel mTavrobaSi sakmaod
maRali posti SesTavazes. (“axali versia”, 24.11.2003)
saprezidento arCevnebis paTosma _ “yvelani arCevnebze!” da
prezidentobis kandidatis faqtiurma ualternativobam, presas sabWoTa
periodis arCevnebi gaaxsena, xolo ukve arCevnebis winaswarma Sedegma (da _
saboloomac) gaaCina paraleli aseve ”absoluturi maCvenebliT” arCeul zviad
gamsaxurdiasa da eduard SevardnaZesTan. meore mxriv, presaSi ikveTeba amgvari
motivacia _ am maCvenebliT xalxis imedi, cvlilebis survili ganisazRvra;
amasTan, 96%-iani gamarjveba eleqtoratis ukanaskneli imedis gamoxatulebaa.
ras elodeba sazogadoeba prezidentisagan? am kiTxvaze yvelaze
kompaqtur pasuxs ayalibebs Jurnalisti da mediis eqsperti ia anTaZe. igi
ganixilavs sam fenas, romelic sxvadasxva Sedegs elis: pirveli (SesaZloa,
yvelaze mravalricxovani) _ 4 ianvris arCevnebisagan Tavisi ojaxis
keTildReobas elodeba; meore _ arCevnebs pirad keTildReobas ar ukavSirebs;
is xelisuflebis gundur pasuxismgeblobas da qarTuli saxelmwifos
Tanmimdevrul nabijebs moelis; mesame _ eWviT ekideba xelisuflebas da
miaCnia, rom arCevnebis mimarT molodini aRemateba dRevandeli liderebis
SesaZleblobebs. anu, es imas niSnavs, rom sazogadoebis erTi nawili
arCevnebisagan elodeba prezidentis gmirobas, meore nawili _ samTavrobo
gundis swor nabijebs, mesame nawili _ samoqalaqo monawileobiT
xelisuflebis legitimacias. ia anTaZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze,
rom 4 ianvris arCevnebSi yvelaze cotaa im moqalaqeebis raodenoba, romelic
arCevnebisagan arafers elodeba da swored es aris axali xelisuflebis
axali pasuxismgebloba Tavisi qveynisa da xalxis winaSe. (84)

*
saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebis mimarT partiuli speqtris
damokidebulebam gamokveTa misi revoluciisSemdgomi mdgomareoba _
daqsasuloba, dabneuloba da mkveTri poziciis arqona! cneba “opozicia”,
romelic revoluciamdel periodSic pirobiTi iyo, kidev ufro bundovani
gaxda. revoluciamdeli periodis opoziciis nominantebi _ “nacionalebi” da
“burjanaZe-demokratebi” saxelisuflebo partiad transformirdnen.
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Sesabamisad, daiwyo gamoTavisuflebuli opoziciuri “niSis” aTvisebis
procesi. mokled ganvixilavT, presaSi asaxuli suraTis mixedviT, rogoria
politikuri speqtris axali konfiguracia.
revoluciis pirvel dReebSi presa yuradRebas amaxvilebda avanscenis
miRma darCenili politikuri Zalebis mxridan revanSisa da
“kontrrevoluciis” safrTxeze. am TvalsazrisiT mosalodneli iyo yofili
saxelisuflo blokis (“axali saqarTvelosaTvis”), “leiboristebis”,
“aRorZinebis”, “axali memarjveneebis” saprotesto ganwyobis gaZliereba _
Tundac, erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad, an saerToOZalisxmeviT. magram, presa
ufro politikuri Zalebis amorfulobasa da gaurkvevlobas gamokveTs, vidre
politikur procesebSi maTi logikuri monawileobis, an, minimum, sakuTari
funqciis gamarTlebisaTvis mzadyofnas.
yofil saxelisuflo bloks revoluciasTan dakavSirebiT erTiani
pozicia ar daufiqsirebia; saxelisuflo blokis mTavari subieqtis _
“moqkavSiris” liderma da eqssaxelmwifo ministrma avTandil jorbenaZem,
Tanamdebobidan gadadgomisas gakeTebul gancxadebaSi, moxerxebulad auara
gverdi partiul pasuxismgeblobas; mxolod is aRniSna, rom politikidan
wasvlas ar apirebs da mzad aris iTanamSromlos “yvela sufTa politikur
ZalasTan”. xolo ra bedi eweoda 1995 da 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentebSi
hegemoniis mqone partias, darCeboda Tu ara, da ra formiT, politikur
scenaze, amis Taobaze presaSi ar gvxvdeba arc jorbenaZisa da arc
“moqkavSiris” romelime aqtiuri wevris gamokveTili pozicia. Tumc, Zveli
parlamentis yvela “moqkavSireli” deputati erTsulovnad Caeba
uflebamosileba gagrZelebuli parlamentis muSaobaSi da uproblemod misca
xma dRis wesrigSi dayenebul yvela sakiTxs. axali aliansis Seqmnis Taobaze
ganacxadi gaakeTes axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgenelma “moqkavSirelebma” _
irakli gogavam da zviad mukbanianma, magram ZiriTadad amiT Semoifargla maTi
aqtiuroba politikur da sainformacio sivrceSi.
blokis erT-erTi aqtiuri subieqtis _ socialisturi partiisa da misi
lideris vaxtang rCeuliSvilis transformacia amgvaria _ rCeuliSvilma
partiis saxeliT gancxadebebis gakeTebis ufleba, Semdgom ki _ partiac
irakli mindels gadaabara; Tavad ki politikidan wasvla da arasamTavrobo
seqtorSi “gadabargeba” gadawyvita (arCevnebamde darCaAparlamentis vice-
spikerad). “aliasTan” interviuSi igi acxadebs, rom situaciisgan garidebas
amjobinebs; baqo-jeihanisadmi miZRvnili monografiis daweras fiqrobs;
saprezidento arCevnebis boikots ar gegmavs da arc aravis mouwodebs amisken.

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(“alia”, 13.12.2003) socialisturi partiis pozicias ki irakli mindeli
gamoxatavs, romelic acxadebs, rom Tu aWaris regioni arCevnebSi
monawileobaze uars ganacxadebs, “socialistebi” yvelafers gaakeTeben
imisTvis, rom 4 ianvris vadamdeli saprezidento arCevnebi CaiSalos.
(“rezonansi”, 05.12.2003)
saxelisuflo blokis spikeris, irina sariSvili-Wanturias CamoSoreba
edp-s liderobidan presaSi ZiriTadad Sefasebulia, rogorc iZulebiTi nabiji;
igi partiis mTavarma komitetma edp-s Tavmjdomaris movaleobidan gadaayena,
Tumc, darCa partiisa da komitetis wevrad. “Ramis mzeris” pirdapir eTerSi
sariSvilma aRniSna, rom zurab Jvania didi xania ibrZvis edp-s
dasakuTrebisTvis. (t\k “mze”, “Ramis mzera”, 16.12.2003) mediaSi gvxvdeba irina
sariSvilis gancxadeba mis mier “mesame Zalis” Camoyalibebis Taobaze, magram,
presis varaudiT, rogorc Cans, man veravin daiTanxma, verc baTumisagan miiRo
daxmareba da “mariotSi” gamarTul preskonferenciazec marto darCa.
“aRorZineba”, romelic 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentSi “moqkavSiris”
Semdeg yvelaze met mandats flobda da Tavs WeSmarit opoziciad miiCnevda
(centrisa da regionis dapirispirebis fonze), ostaturad gadavida axali
xelisuflebis relsebze _ saarCevno ubnebis daxurvamde ori saaTiT adre
uari Tqva saprezidento arCevnebis boikotze da arc momavali saparlamento
arCevnebis vada da Catarebis pirobebi gauprotestebia; amdenad, presis
publikaciebSi “aRorZineba” opoziciis statusiT aRar ganixileba.
(saparlamento arCevnebSi gamanadgurebeli damarcxebis Semdeg ki “aRorZineba”
saerTod gaqra saqarTvelos politikuri scenidan).
presaSi gaCnda varaudi, rom momavali saparlamento arCevnebisaTvis
“axali memarjveneebi” da “mrewvelebi” (romlebic 2 noembris arCevnebisaTvis
gaerTianebaze ver SeTanxmdnen) erTobliv koalicias Seqmnian. “mrewvelebi”
vardebis revoluciis dros ar gamoCenilan, samagierod, parlamentis pirvelive
sxdomaze gamocxaddnen; mogvianebiT demarSis politika Secvales “axalma
memarjveneebmac”.
erTaderTi mkveTri pozicia leiboristebma gamoxates, maT boikoti
gamoucxades 1999 wlis mowvevis parlamentis Sekrebas da momaval arCevnebs;
Seqmnili viTarebidan gamosavlis mosaZebnad ki aucileblad miiCnies: “2
noembers arCeuli parlamentis dauyovnebliv Sekreba, Tavmjdomared
arapolitikuri ambiciebis mqone pirovnebis arCeva, konstituciuri kongresis
Seqmna zviad gamsaxurdias uzenaes sabWosTan erTad, axali konstituciisa da
saarCevno kodeqsis miReba da axali saparlamento da saprezidento arCevnebis

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daniSvna.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 26.11.2003) leiboristebis liderma, Salva
naTelaSvilma ganacxada, rom arCevnebis bedi ukve gadawyvetilia da mudam
Jvania-saakaSvilis winaaRmdegi iqneba. presaSi figurirebs mosazreba, rom
revoluciam leiboristebi Zalian daazarala. 2 noembris arCevnebis Semdeg
naTelaSvilis mier dakavebulma poziciam leiboristebs eleqtorati aSkarad
daakargvina.
ase rom, revoluciis momdevno dReebSi presaSi gaJRerebuli
“revanSistuli safrTxe”, isev presaSi asaxul suraTze dayrdnobiT, momdevno
dReebSi aRar figurirebs. gazeT “alias” daskvniT, “realurad revanSistebi
sakmaod sustebi da daqsaqsulebi arian”. (“alia”, 11.12.2003)
rac Seexeba gamarjvebuli opoziciis wiaRSi momxdar cvlilebebs, ar
gamarTlda ZiriTadi subieqtebis (“nacionaluri moZraoba”, “burjanaZe-
demokratebi”) gaTiSvis prognozi, magram 17-18 dekembris mediaSi oficialurad
gacxadda “tradicionalistebisa” da edp-s mier axali politikuri koaliciis
Camoyalibeba. mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento kandidatad wamoyenebis
faqtisadmi “tradicionalistTa” lideris, akaki asaTianis mkveTrad uaryofiTi
damokidebulebis afiSireba Tavdapirvelad mediaSi gaJRerda, rogorc blok
“burjanaZe-demokratebis” rigebSi erTgvari ganxeTqilebis mauwyebeli; magram
maleve dafiqsirda is garemoebac, rom asaTianma es gadawyvetileba zurab
JvaniasTan SeTanxmebiT miiRo. am faqts “mTavari gazeTi” axali xelisuflebis
mier “opoziciis Ziebis” konteqstSi ganixilavs: “akaki asaTiani, SesaZloa,
memarjvene Zalebis gaerTianebas Caudges saTaveSi da axli koaliciis
CamoyalibebiT axal xelisuflebas seriozuli opozicia Seuqmnas. politikur
wreebSi imasac amboben, rom asaTianis opozicioneroba revolucioneri
liderebis mier Sedgenili programis nawilia da ara tradicionalistTa
TviTSemoqmedeba. am versiis mimdevarTa azriT, xelisuflebas, romelic jer
kidev ar aris legitimuri, bunebrivad gaZlierebuli opoziciis eSinia da
upiratesobas mis mier Seqmnils aniWebs.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 03.12.2003)
saxelmwifo ministri zurab Jvania miesalma koaliciis Seqmnas. misi
SefasebiT, bolo dros saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Semdeg
mniSvnelovania gamoikveTos is Zalebi, romlebic saqarTvelos axal
xelisuflebas seriozul oponirebas gauwevs: “saqarTvelos xelisuflebas
urCevnia oponentebad iseTi adamianebi hyavdes, romlebTanac SesaZlebeli
iqneba kamaTic da davac, oRond _ Zlier qarTul saxelmwifoze orientirebul
principebze.” (“rezonansi”, 18.12.2004)

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 xom ar aris es zurab Jvanias mxardamWeri gaerTianeba mixeil
saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg? _ Jurnalist inga grigolias am SekiTxvas akaki
asaTianma ase upasuxa: Cven varT ukve axali xelisuflebis opozicia, me
mimaCnia, rom oponireba saWiroa. Cven vxedavT, ra Sedegi miiRo ruseTma,
faqtiurad iq gaimarjves: komunistebma, mofaSisto elementebma, e.w.
centristebma (romelic, sinamdvileSi, saxelisuflo partiaa). me vTvli, rom
CvenTan meti mzaobaa evropuli tipis politikuri urTierTobebis
CamoyalibebisaTvis; memarjveneoba saWiroa memarcxene speqtris
gawonasworebisaTvis. Cvens sazogadoebaSi aris moTxovna erTiani platformis,
erTiani xedvis centristuli Zalis Camoyalibebaze. (t/k “mze”, “Ramis mzera”,
15.12.2003)
axalSeqmnili koalicia memarjvene politikuri organizaciis statusiT
warsdga oficialur prezentaciaze da mTavar amocanad “qveyanaSi gamefebuli
socialisturi ideebis” winaaRmdeg brZola gamoacxada. akaki asaTiani amaSi
gulisxmobda mixeil saakaSvilis “nacionaluri moZraobis” winasaarCevno
dapirebebs gadasaxadebis gauqmebisa da xelfasebis gaormagebis Sesaxeb.
momdevno dReebSi maT “opoziciuri statusi” saprezidento arCevnebis
boikotiT gaimyares; akaki asaTianma saakaSvilis prezidentad arCevas “tomis
beladis arCeva” uwoda.
gazeTi “24 saaTi” erTgvari ironizebiT exmaureba koaliciis Seqmnis
faqts, mas “xelmocaruli politikosebis alianss” uwodebs, xolo akaki
asaTians _ “politikur don Juans”. (“24 saaTi”, 17.12.2003)
qarTul politikur speqtrSi siaxle iyo “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg
Camoyalibebuli partia “Tavisufleba”, romelmac partiis lideris,
konstantine (koko) gamsaxurdias personiT miipyro yuradReba. presa aRniSnavda,
rom partiis wevrTa gvar-saxelebi cnobadobis TvalsazrisiT arafrismTqmelia,
samagierod, zviad gamsaxurdias vaJis gamoCena politikur asparezze
amomrCevlebSi Tavisebur sentimentalizms da “zviadisturi” eleqtoratis
xmebis mokrebas gamoiwvevs. presaSi gvxvdeba koko gamsaxurdias aRqma, rogorc
saqarTvelos “sulieri prezidentis”, rogorc “simbolos” da ara rogorc
“politikuri lideris”; rogorc momdevno saprezidento arCevnebis erT-erTi
“mTavari moqmedi gmiris”, romelic, SesaZloa, “soroselebis seriozul
konkurentad” Camoyalibdes da a.S. politologebis SefasebiT ki, man Camosvla
daagviana; igi saerTod ar monawileobda araferSi, emigraciidanac SeiZleboda
raRacis gamoxatva; mas ara aqvs raime mkafio mesiji; “24 saaTis”

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presombudsmeni, nodar ladaria sarkastulad SeniSnavda, rom gamsaxurdias
arc saxeli aqvs sakuTari, arc gvari da arc garegnobao.
Tavad gamsaxurdia amocanad isaxavda xelisuflebis konstruqciuli
opoziciis rolis Sesrulebas, partiis prioritetad ki Tvlida
marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis dakanonebas, saarCevno platformad _
sakanonmdeblo vakuumis amovsebas, centrsa da regions Soris kompetenciebis
gamijvnas.
niSandoblivia, rom arCevnebis wina dRiT prezident saakaSvilis
“eqstremaluri Casvla samegrelos regionSi” presaSi dakavSirebulia swored
koko gamsaxurdias faqtorTan, romelmac “seriozuli konkurencia gauwia
mmarTvelebs da es ar SeiZleboda kancelariis yuradRebis centrSi ar
aRmoCeniliyo.” (“alia”, 30.03.2004) arCevnebSi “Tavisuflebis” mier miRweuli
Sedegi presaSi erTdroulad fasdeba, rogorc warmatebuli axalSeqmnili
partiisaTvis da rogorc warumatebeli. presisTvis micemul interviuebSi koko
gamsaxurdia xazgasmiT aRniSnavda, rom misi partia ar Camoyalibebula mxolod
saparlamento arCevnebSi monawileobisTvis; magram faqtia, rom man maSinve,
rogorc ki winaswari SedegebiT saTuo gaxda “Tavisuflebis” mier saarCevno
barieris gadalaxva, TiTqmis ukomentarod datova saqarTvelo da isev
SveicariaSi gaemgzavra, mamis _ zviad gamsaxurdias saiubileo saRamos
winadRiT.
faqtobrivad ualternativo saprezidento arCevnebis Semdgom, presaSi
gaCnda aqcenti momavali parlamentis erTpartiulobis saSiSroebaze. am
faqtorze ucxoeli eqspertebi da ucxouri mediac amaxvilebdnen yuradRebas.
radio “bi-bi-si“-s komentariT, “noembris revoluciis Sedegad opozicia
praqtikulad gaqra... arsebobs seriozuli saSiSroeba, rom momavali
parlamenti erTpartiuli iqneba... movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba seriozul
saSiSroebas qmnis. 85%-iT arCeuli prezidenti arc ise sasiamovnoa, magram
mainc mosaTmenia. ai, parlamenti, romelSic yvelafers erTi Zala wyvets _ es
ubralod Zalze saSiSia!” (radio “bi-bi-si“, “xvalindeli dRe”, 09.01.2004)
evrosabWos monitoringis jgufis xelmZRvaneli maTias iorSi acxadebs, rom
“Zlier xelisuflebas opoziciac Zlieri unda hyavdes.” (“dilis gazeTi”,
07.01.2004) presaSi, gvxvdeba informacia, rom aSS dainteresebulia saqarTveloSi
opoziciis arsebobiT da amisaTvis or milionamde Tanxas gamoyofs.
saparlamento arCevnebamde erTi TviT adre presis publikaciebSi
ikveTeba “revoluciuri sameulis” interesTa dapirispireba; Jurnalisturi
msjeloba imis Taobaze, rom _ “nino burjanaZes agdeben”, rom Jvaniasa da

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saakaSvils ar surT burjanaZis gaZliereba da, mosalodnelia, igi
parlamentis Tavmjdomaredac aRar airCion _ SesaZloa, gazviadebad da
provokaciul aqcentad migveCnia, rom ara Tavad nino burjanaZis mier
Catarebuli preskonferenciis amsaxveli publikaciebi. presis komentarebiT,
burjanaZe pirvelia, vinc “liderTa Soris dadebuli SeTanxmebis darRvevisa”
da “kuluaruli SantaJis” Taobaze alaparakda: igi acxadebs, rom didi
pasuxismgebloba aqvs xalxis winaSe, ar unda qveynis interesi pirovnul
interesebs gadaayolos da amis gamo bevrjer wavida daTmobebze _ daTmo
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis dros, daTmo siebis dros; magram, misi moTmineba
aavso im faqtma, rom “burjanaZe-demokratebisTvis” gankuTvnili 40%-i ise
dakompleqtda, rom masSi aRmoCnda Jvanias 26 kandidati, burjanaZem ki 14
adamianis “gayvana” Zlivs SeZlo. saerTodac, burjanaZis TqmiT,
SeTanxmebisamebr, parlamentSi misi azri unda yofiliyo dominanturi, zurab
Jvanias aRmasrulebel xelisuflebaze unda gaekeTebina ufro meti fokusireba,
man xom, faqtobrivad marTlac daakompleqta mTavrobis ZiriTadi nawili.
ganawyenebis miuxedavad, burjanaZeExelaxla gaopozicionerobaze ar
laparakobs, samagierod, am Temas aqtiurad aviTareben Jurnalistebi.
siebis sababiT mkveTrad dapirispirebul Jvania-berZeniSvils kompromisze
wasvla mouxdaT. rogorc presa aRniSnavs, maTi ganxeTqilebis mizezi aWaraze
gadamwyveti zegavlenis mopoveba da am regionSi xelisuflebis sadaveebis
xelSi Cagdebaa. daviT berZeniSvils, SesaZloa, arc moexada bodiSi zurab
JvaniasTvis, magram sxvanairad mas SeeZlo koba daviTaSvilis bedi gaeziarebina.
axla politikaSi axali wesrigi myardeba _ an miiReb am wesebs, an
bankroti xdebi. jerjerobiT, saakaSvilsa da Jvanias erTmaneTi Zalian
sWirdebaT, amitomac am did politikur interess nebismieri SeiZleba Seewiros,
_ ase lagdeba, saboloo jamSi, presis aqcentebi.
martSi, rogorc presa aRniSnavs, dasrulda nebayoflobiTi samTviani
moratoriumi axali xelisuflebis kritikaze (romelic televiziaSi ufro
sagrZnobi iyo, vidre gazeTebSi); presaSi fiqsirdeba sakmaod mwvave
mosazrebebi, imis Taobaze, rom, faqtobrivad, partia da beladi erTi da igivea,
winasaarCevnod darigebul gazeTsac ki “saakaSvili” hqvia. (“alia”, 23.03.2004);
saakaSvilis politikis naklad miiCneva, rom noembris arCevnebisagan
gansxvavebiT, martSi mTeli saarCevno kampania mxolod mis garSemo datrialda.
(“axali versia”, 29.03.2004); rom “nacionaluri moZraobis” xelisuflebaSi
mosasvlelad naxevari saqarTvelo ibrZoda... da dRes am principiT moqmedeben
_ arcerTi aranacionali Cvens gverdiT!” (“rezonansi”, 22.03.2004) da a.S.

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 rac Seexeba saparlamento arCevnebis Sefasebas presaSi, moviSveliebT
erTgvar mini-daijests:
 evropelma damkvireblebma arCevnebi evropul standartebTan
miaxloebulad Seafases; evrosabWos saparlamento asambleis
delegaciis xelmZRvanelma maTias iorSma mas qarTuli paradoqsi
uwoda, radgan arCevnebi, erTis mxriv, imedismomcemia, Sedegi
(erTpartiuli parlamenti) ki _ damafiqrebeli. (“dilis gazeTi”,
30.03.2004)
 “didi wmenda qarTul politikur landSaftze _ misi saboloo
gaTavisufleba warsulis aCrdilebisa da narCenebisagan”. (“24 saaTi”,
29.03.2004)
 “opozicia mosaxleobis vendetas Seewira”; 28 marti _ axali aTvlis
wertili qarTul politikaSi, modis axali politikuri speqtri.
(“mTavari gazeTi”, 30.03.2004)
 opozicia wagebulia imiT, rom liders ver irCevs; sanam lideri ar
eyoleba, igi ver gaxdeba xelisuflebis Tavis tkivili; sadac
saakaSvili-Jvanias gundia _ opoziciaSi Tu xelisuflebaSi, is mxarea
Zlieri. (“alia”, 30.03.2004)
 koba daviTaSvili, parlamentari: demokratiulma revoluciam moitana
es antidemokratiuli situacia da Cven miviReT raRac saSualo
ruseTsa da TurqmeneTs Soris. (“rezonansi”, 30.03.2004)
 lela iakobiSvili, kulturologi: CemTvis katastrofaa, roca 95
procenti mosaxleobisa erTnairad fiqrobs... eiforiam, rom maRali
procentebiT aris arCeuli, daRupa “moqalaqeTa kavSiric” da
zviadistebic. (“dilis gazeTi”, 29.03.2004)
arsebuli prognozebis sapirispirod, saxelisuflebo sameulma SesZlo
Tanxmobis SenarCuneba. Tumc, presaSi vxvdebiT mosazrebebs, rom iseve rogorc
saparlamento siebis SemTxvevaSi, amjerad, SesaZloa, maT Soris uTanxmoebis
sababad iqces saparlamento komitetebis gadanawilebis sakiTxi; miT ufro, rom
arsebobs e.w. prestiJuli da araprestiJuli komitetebi. bolo wlebSi
prestiJuli komitetebis umravlesobas Jvanias gundi akontrolebda.

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  arCevnebi postrevoluciur aWaraSi

“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgomi periodis presaSi intensiurad

viTardeboda mosazreba, rom aWaraSi gavlenis mopovebisTvis konkurencia
“ganxeTqilebis vaSlad” iqceoda “nacionalur moZraobasa” da
“respublikelebs” Soris da, Sesabamisad, gaxdeboda saxelisuflebo
umravlesobis rRvevis dawyebis sababi. miuxedavad imisa, rom arCevnebSi
monawile partiebi TiTqmis Seguebulni iyvnen damarcxebas da saarCevno
kampaniasac ar awarmoebdnen, “respublikuri partiis” lideri daviT
berZeniSvili amtkicebda, rom Rirseul konkurencias gauwevda “nacionalebs”.
winasaarCevno periodSi “respublikelebi” aqtiurad cdilobdnen xazgasmas,
rom isini warmoadgenen erTaderT partias, romelic wlebis manZilze
Tanmimdevrulad ebrZoda aWaraSi “aRorZinebasa” da aslan abaSiZes. “maT
Rirseulad atares reJimisagan Tavisufali aWaris idea”, _ werda gazeTi
“axali 7 dRe”. (“axali 7 dRe”, 18.06.2004)
presaSi figurirebs mosazreba, rom aWaris amomrCevelma ar icis ras
irCevs, radgan saqarTvelos parlamentma arCevnebamde ver moaswro aWaris
statusTan dakavSirebuli sakonstitucio cvlilebis proeqtis miReba. yvelaze
radikaluri SefasebiT, arCevnebi ukanonoa, radgan irCeven organos, romlis
uflebamosileba jer dadgenili ar aris. paralelurad, vxvdebiT amgvar
mosazrebasac _ mTavaria, rom aWaraSi sakanonmdeblo organos irCeven da ar
niSnaven.
parlamentSi aWaris statusisa da arCevnebis Taobaze seriozul
ukmayofilebas ZiriTadad fraqcia “memarjvene opozicia” afiqsirebda (Tu ar
CavTvliT personalurad koba daviTaSvilisa da zviad ZiZiguris opoziciur
aqtiurobas). daviT gamyreliZe acxadebda, rom 20 ivnisis arCevnebiT
praqtikulad gaformda xelisuflebis survili da legitimuroba gadaeca
saxelmwifo sabWos (levan varSalomiZis xelmZRvanelobiT), romelic
arCevnebamde regionSi droebiT funqcias asrulebda.
parlamentis Tavmjdomare nino burjanaZe politikur Secdomas uwodebs
aWaris umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebSi “respublikelebis” damoukideblad
monawileobas, radgan aWaraSi demokratiis dasamyareblad “nacionalebi” da
“respublikelebi” erTad ibrZodnen da es erToba unda SenarCunebuliyo.
saparlamento umravlesobidan “respublikelebis” winaaRmdeg yvelaze mkveTrad
nodar grigalaSvilma gailaSqra: “politikuri ambiciebis gamo berZeniSvilma
da misma Tanamoazreebma aWaraSi meore politikuri centris Seqmna scades...
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saxelmwifoSi ramdenime centris Seqmna aris boroteba, romelic qveyanas
cudad Semoubrundeba.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 22.06.2004 )
aWaris arCevnebis Sedegi gaxda mizezi imisa, rom “respublikelTa” 6-
kaciani Semadgenlobidan oTxma datova saparlamento umravlesobis rigebi
(levan berZeniSvilma _ komitetis Tavmjdomaris postic). “respublikelebs”
Tavis Wkuaze veravin gvatarebs, demokratiuli sivrcis SezRudvas yovelTvis
SevewinaaRmdegebiT; minda viqonio imedi, rom rac aWaraSi moxda mxolod da
mxolod dabali rangis axali nomenklaturis iniciativa iyo, _ aRniSnavda
arCevnebis Sedegis komentirebisas “respublikeli” ivliane xaindrava. (“kviris
palitra”, 28.06.2004)
arCevnebis Sedegebis Sefasebisas presaSi vxvdebiT mosazrebas, rom es iyo
pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi aWaraSi (“mTavar gazeTs” es Sefaseba
sapirvelgverdo anSlagSi aqvs mocemuli: “pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebi
abaSiZis Semdeg”); amasTan, publikaciebis saTaurebSive ikveTeba kritikuli
paTosi: “aWaruli arCevnebi cema-tyepisa da nacionalebisa da respublikelebis
dapirispirebis fonze”, “riT hgavs nacionaluri moZraoba moqalaqeTa kavSirs?”
(“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004); “aWara: arCevnebi cema-tyepis TanxlebiT” (“axali Taoba”,
21.06.2004); “arCevnebis Sedegebi politikur daZabulobas gazrdis” (“dilis
gazeTi”, 21.06.2004); “Zirs aslani, maRla miSa!” (“axali versia”, 21.06.2004);
“nacionalebma gadaamlaSes” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 22.06.2004).
presaSi figurirebs piradad mixeil saakaSvilis faqtori arCevnebSi
“nacionaluri moZraobis” TiTqmis erTpirovnul gamarjvebaSi (Tu ar CavTvliT
“respublikelebis” mier mopovebul or adgils); erTis mxriv, mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs am tipis Sefasebebi:
“aWaris mosaxleobis mTavari orientiri, partiul siaSi Seyvanil Tu
maJoritar kandidatebze metad, saqarTvelos prezidenti iyo, romlis mimarT
siyvaruli aWaraSi gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba.” (“24 saaTi”, 21.06.2004); “aWaram
prezidentis xaTriT misca xma” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.2004) politologi soso
cincaZe: “dRes mixeil saakaSvili imdenad popularulia, rom mis winaaRmdeg
wasvla xarakirs niSnavs. visac ar unda gaemarjva, saakaSvilis kursis
gamtarebeli iqneboda, radgan mosaxleoba dRes sasikeTod mxolod am gzas
miiCnevs.” (“saqarTvelos respublika”, 23.06.2004)
meore mxriv, presaSi yuradReba maxvildeba winasaarCevno kampaniaSi
prezidentis pirad aqtiurobaze, zogadad im faqtze, rom xelisuflebis
maRalCinosnebi arCevnebSi monawileobdnen rogorc mxareebi. ”rezonansis”
politikuri mimomxilveli mianiSnebs safrTxeze, rom “nacionaluri moZraoba”,

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SesaZloa, male “moqalaqeTa kavSirs” daemsgavsos; rom zviad gamsaxurdia
Tavis droze iseTive medroveebma daRupes, rogorebic amJamadac mravlad arian
mmarTvel partiaSi. (“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004)
“abaSiZis diqtaturis gadmonaSTebTan brZolaSi aWaris axalma
xelisuflebam uneblied Tavad SeiZina axali koleqtiuri diqtatoris saxe.
aWaris mosaxleoba ra SiSiTa da mowiwebiTac saubrobda abaSiZis
xelisuflebaze, imave mowiwebiT da moridebiT saubrobs axal xelisuflebaze.
rogorc ver bedavdnen gaeprotestebinaT Zveli xelisuflebis ukanonobebi,
aseve, Tvals xuWaven axal ukanonobebze, ris gamoc, SesakrebTa gadanacvlebiT
jami ar Secvlila.” (axali Taoba, 21.06.2004)
“erTaderTi adamiani, romelic aWaruli mmarTvelebidan sazogadoebaSi
simpatiebs iwvevs, levan varSalomiZea _ naklebi saubriTa da meti saqmis
keTebiT gamorCeuli adamiani.” (“rezonansi”, 21.06.2004)
parlamentar koba daviTaSvils, romelic winasaarCevno periodSi
xelmowerebs agrovebda aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis Taobaze plebiscitis
CatarebisTvis, aWaris TviTmmarTvelobam problemebi Seuqmna. parlamentis mier
miRebul sakonstitucio cvlilebas aWaris statusTan dakavSirebiT,
daviTaSvilma “iuridiuli kretinizmi” uwoda da ganacxada, rom kvlav
gaagrZelebs xelmowerebis Segrovebas aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis Tobaze.
(“axali Taoba”, 30.06.2004)
aWaruli arCevnebis erTgvari reziume SeiZleba isev presis SefasebiT
CamovayaliboT: aWaraSi mosaxleobam prezidents dauWira mxari da sanacvlod
xelisuflebisagan mxolod imas iTxovs, rom axali aslan abaSiZe da
“aRorZineba” ar miiRos. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 01.07.2004)

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 Tavi V
“vardebis revolucia” da postrevoluciuri periodi

am Tavis saxelwodeba erTgvarad pirobiTia, ramdenadac cneba “vardebis

revolucia” ar gamoxatavs mxolod 2003 wlis 23 noembers momxdar movlenas.
mas SleifiviT mosdevs Semdgomi procesebi, romelTa aTvlis wertilad
swored “vardebis revolucia” iTvleba da romlebic, pirdapir Tu iribad, am
cnebaSi erTiandeba.
“2003 wlis noemberSi saqarTvelos xelisufleba Seicvala mSvidobiani,
magram arakonstituciuri gziT... xelisuflebis Secvlis es epizodi “vardebis
revoluciis” saxeliT Sevida istoriaSi, saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa da
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis udidesma nawilma “vardebis revolucia”
CaTvala mniSvnelovan niSansvetad, romelic saqarTvelos demokratiuli
Rirebulebebisaken Sebrunebas moaswavebda”, _ ase Seafasa “vardebis
revolucia” mesame seqtoris cnobilma warmomadgenelma, politologma gia
nodiam saangariSo naSromSi “samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba
saqarTveloSi: miRwevebi da gamowvevebi”. (56, 17)
“vardebis revolucia”, rogorc mis Semdgom ganvlilma periodma aCvena,
maSindeli Tu Semdgomi Sefasebebis urTierTgamomricxaobis miuxedavad, iyo
kargad damuSavebuli teqnologiuri sqemis mixedviT ganviTarebuli procesi,
romelSic moxda erTdroulad ramdenime arsebiTi faqtoris fokusireba _
postsabWoTa mmarTvelobis Secvla, personalurad SevardnaZis mimarT
dagrovili negatiuri energiis ganmuxtva, dasavlur interesze orientirebuli
ara mxolod xelisuflebis, aramed sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis mcdeloba da,
rac mTavaria, postsabWoTa sivrceSi, demokratiuli ganviTarebis kalapotSi
qveynis da sazogadoebis mSvidobiani gadasvlis modelis realobad qceva;
regionSi saqarTvelos saxiT dasavluri forpostis dafuZneba.
marTalia, “vardebis revolucia” qarTveli xalxis arnaxuli
mobilizebiT, SevardnaZis xelisuflebis Secvlis gardauvali surviliTa da
korufciis aRmofxvris amaRlebuli suliskveTebiT warimarTa; magram
TandaTan, igive presis meSveobiT, mkafiod gamoikveTa suraTi, rom es iyo
Tanamedrove msoflios globaluri procesebis kanonzomieri ganviTarebis
Sesabamisad dasaxuli modeli, romlis gansaxorcieleblad saqarTvelos
SerCeva SemTxveviTi ar yofila.

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 “21-e saukunes Tavisi moTxovnebi aqvs da Tavisi tempi. masdemokratiis
procesma _ demokratiis masobrivi variantis eqsportis da misi globaluri
damkvidrebis procesma _ mTeli planeta unda moiaros, raTa harmonizdes
Tavisufali da araTavisufali samyaro da sayovelTao usafrTxoeba
dasadgurdes”, _ wers apolon silagaZe gazeT “24 saaTSi” gamoqveynebul
publikaciaSi, romelSic uaRresad sainteresod da kompaqturadaa
Camoyalibebuli ara mxolod am procesisa da “samodelo qveynad” saqarTvelos
arCevis kanonzomiereba, aramed is kriteriumebi, riTac “sastarto qveyana”
ganisazRvra; gaanalizebulia mogebisa da wagebis balansi, revoluciis
Semdgom etapze warmoqmnili winaaRmdegoba qveynis sagareo da saSinao
prioritetebs, globalur da lokalur amocanebs Soris; revoluciis
gadarCenis, revoluciis warmatebisa da misi Semdgomi periodis aRmSeneblobis
(da ara ngrevis) unisonSi mosvlis aucilebloba:
“Cven aRmovCndiT procesebis avangardSi... revolucia rom ar yofiliyo,
Cven ara ubralod pasiuri, aramed urolo monawile viqnebodiT ganviTarebis
globaluri procesebisa... Cven ar gveqneboda is saerTaSoriso avtoriteti,
romelic bevrad aRemateba im SesaZleblobebs, rasac Cveni farTobi da
mosaxleobis raodenoba gansazRvravs. Cven ar gveqneboda saerTaSoriso
funqcia, romlis qonis Sansi mcire erebs advilad ar eZlevaT.” (65)
swored am rolma ganapiroba “arSemdgaridan” “sanimuSomde” saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos imijis transformireba da pozicionireba qveynis gareT
(upirvelesad da warmatebulad) da sakuTriv saqarTveloSi (naklebi
warmatebiT).
“vardebis revoluciasTan” mimarTebaSi, ara mxolod imdroindel mediaSi,
aramed, mogvianebiT gamoqveynebul publikaciebsa Tu naSromebSi, ikveTeba
saerTo Tvalsazrisi, rom yvela SesaZlo mizez-Sedegis miuxedavad, mTavari
faqtori iyo cvlilebebis rwmena da molodini. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa
filosofos zaza firaliSvilis mier 2003 wlis Semodgomaze ganviTarebuli
procesebis gaazreba “qarTuli politikis Teatralur dialeqtikaSi”: “wminda
kulturologiuri azriT mniSvneloba ara aqvs, Tu vin da ra mizniT dadga
maradi ganaxlebis politikuri speqtakli, an, saerTod, dadga Tu ara. zustad
aseve, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, am revoluciur karnavals raime realuri Sedegi
mohyva Tu ara. mTavari is aris, rom Cvens adamianebSi, miuxedavad ganvlili
aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi gadatanili tragediebisa, imedgacruebebisa,
teritoriebis dakargvisa, miuxedavad politikosebis sruliad ukeTuri
mcdelobebisa, Tavisi miznebisaTvis gamoeyenebinaT maTi gulubryvilo da miT

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ufro Zlieri rwmena, rom amqveynad raime mainc SeiZleba saikeTod Seicvalos,
adamianebs ar daukargavT is infantiluri idealizmi, romlis gareSec
SeuZlebelia amqveynad arseboba.” (71, 186-187)
zaza firaliSvilis azriT, “ganaxlebis am faruli molodinis
simbolizeba” ikisra “mesame politikurma istebliSmentma”, ubralo adamianebma
ki mas iseve gamoucxades ndoba, rogorc Tavis droze wina ors _ zviad
gamsaxurdiasa da eduard SevardnaZis politikur istebliSmentebs
ucxadebdnen. (71, 186-187)
disertaciis wina TavebSi mocemuli 2000-2003 wlebis periodis
mediasuraTi gviCvenebs, rogor emzadeboda postSevardnaZistuli periodisTvis
axali politikuri Taoba, rogor moamzades niadagi SevardnaZis epoqidan
postepoqaSi “xaverdovani” gadasvlisTvis arasamTavrobo organizaciebma da
mediam; zemoT yuradReba SevaCereT imazec, ra faqtorebma ganapiroba
saqarTvelos adekvaturoba axali msoflio wesrigis dramaturgiaSi Tundac
erTi mokrZalebuli rolis Sesasruleblad.
amasTan, Tu postsabWoTa periodidan (gansakuTrebiT ki 90-iani wlebis
Suaxanebidan) dRemde saqarTvelos mier rTuli kataklizmebiT gamovlil gzas
da mediaSi mis asaxvas gonebis TvaliT erT fokusSi movaqcevT, SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom “vardebis revoluciis” mosamzadebeli samuSao Cveni qveynis
yofierebisa da cnobierebis TiTqmis yvela ganStoebas moicavda. (SesaZloa,
erT-erTi ucxouri organizaciis mier grantis gamoyofa “xmiT natirlebis”
Sesaswavlad, pirdapir Tu iribad amave mizans _ Cveni eTnofsiqikis niuansebSi
wvdomasac emsaxureboda).
Tu ufro Sors wavalT, aRmoCndeba, rom Tundac sainformacio omi (da
ara mxolod!), romelsac rusuli media axorcielebda (rezonansulad _
qarTulic!) saqarTveloSi destabilizaciuri procesebis inicirebisTvis,
saqarTvelos, rogorc “arSemdgari qveynis” imijis Seqmnisa da
damkvidrebisTvis, saboloo jamSi, saTanado fons uqmnida sazogadoebis
ganwyobis mimarTvas radikaluri cvlilebisTvis motivaciis Sesaqmnelad. es
faqtori rom erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli iyo “vardebis revoluciis”
ganxorcielebisTvis, amis faqtobrivi masala, SeZlebisdagvarad, winamdebare
sadisertacio naSromSic aris mocemuli.
“vardebis revolucia” rom strategiuli teqnologiebis Tanamedrove
standartebiT ganxorcielebuli procesi iyo, es, ra Tqma unda, Cveni saavtoro
mosazreba ar aris. miuxedavad imisa, rom am Temaze Tundac presaSi araerTi
publikacia gamoqveynda da araerTi naSromis yuradRebis centrSi moeqca,

150
vfiqrobT, am procesis Seswavla da gaanalizeba Sesabamisi dargebis
specialistTa fundamentur kvlevas imsaxurebs.
telemediisa da, saerTod, masobrivi komunikaciis mkvlevari eldar iberi,
naSromSi “televizia da xelisufleba (“vardebis revoluciis” gakveTilebi)”,
“vardebis revoluciis” “mediareJisuris” Teoriuli aspeqtebis fonze,
restrospeqtiulad aRadgens am procesis ganviTarebas “virtualur
realobaSi”. Sesabamisad, misi daskvnebi sayuradReboa ara mxolod televiziis
rolis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT. e.iberis SefasebiT, “Tavisi geopolitikuri
mdgomareobis gamo qveyana msoflios zesaxelmwifoebis faruli dapiripirebis
(Tu morigebis) obieqtad iqca, rac udides gavlenas axdens aq mimdinare yvela
socialur-politikur Tu ekonomikur movlenaze. politikuri procesebi
ZiriTadad finansdeba da imarTeba garedan. garedan Semodis masobrivi
cnobierebiT manipulirebis uaxlesi politikuri teqnologiebi da warmatebiT
xorcieldeba qarTul realobaSi.” (28, 38)
zemoTmoxmobil a.silagaZis statiaSi “vardebis revolucia” ganxilulia,
rogorc “ganviTarebis globaluri procesebSi” saqarTvelos CarTvis
saukeTeso saSualeba; e.iberi politikuri procesebis “garedan marTvaze”
akeTebs aqcents. am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa jaba devdarianis narkvevi
“saerTaSoriso daxmarebis gavlena saqarTveloze” (romelic Sesrulebulia
saqarTveloSi demokratiuli mSeneblobis ZiriTadi tendenciebis Semajamebeli
saeqsperto proeqtis farglebSi da asaxavs ara mxolod avtoris, aramed,
eqspertebisa da praqtikosebis Sejerebul Tvalsazriss). “ganviTarebisa da
demokratiis daxmarebis Tanamedrove kritika or ZiriTad arguments eyrdnoba.
pirvelis mixedviT, ganviTarebis daxmareba koloniuri azrovnebis gagrZelebaa;
misi mizani _ “dasavluri demokratiis” magaliTis “ganuviTarebel” samyaroSi
gadatana, rac kaTolikur-protestantuli Rirebulebebisa da procesebis brmad
gadmoRebas emyareba. zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, radgan ganviTarebisa (da
demokratiis) daxmareba kolonialuri azrovnebis gadmonaSTia, is emsaxureba
nacionaluri elitis daTrgunvas dasavluri dominionebis mier. es argumenti,
romelic Zalian waagavs damokidebulebis Teorias, dReisaTvis
antiglobalisturi logikis mniSvnelovani nawilia. daxmarebis zedmeti
“prodasavlurobis” Sesaxeb saqarTvelos radikalur politikur da
sazogadoebriv wreebSic xSirad saubroben.” (18, 31-32)
daxmarebis kritikis meore forma, _ aRniSnavs j.devdariani, _ swored
daxmarebis programebis ganxorcielebis gamocdilebis mqone
profesionalebisagan modis. maTi azriT, “donorebs uyvarT ama Tu im qveyanaSi

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arsebuli realobis xelovnurad moqceva maTTvis misaReb CarCoebSi da ar
ZaluZT an ar surT qveynis Sida politikaze TavianTi programebis gavlenis
kritikuli Sefaseba.” (18, 32)
marTalia, proeqti “demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi” moicavs 2003
wlamde periods, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, “vardebis revolucia” ar yofila
spontanuri aqti da ganviTarebisa da demokratiis daxmarebis xarisxma
saqarTveloSi arsebiTad gansazRvra misi Sedegebi. amasTan, jaba devdarianis
narkvevSi mocemuli Sefasebebi da daskvnebi erTgvari gasaRebia im
urTierTgamomricxavi Tvalsazrisebisa (da realuri Sedegebisac), romlebic
“vardebis revoluciis” garSemo viTardeboda da dRemde viTardeba.
dasavluri dominionebis mier nacionaluri elitis daTrgunva, anu
“kolonialuri azrovnebis gadmonaSTi”, razec j.devdariani amaxvilebs
yuradRebas, SesaZloa, iyos gamoZaxili cnobili amerikeli politologis
semuel hanTingTonis TvalTaxedvisa (misi 1996 wels gamoqveynebuli naSromi
“civilizaciaTa Sejaxeba” gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda 11 seqtembris
teraqtis Semdeg). hanTingToni miiCnevs, rom:L dasavleTi unikaluria da ara
universaluri; universalizmis logikuri Sedegia imperializmi; dadga dro,
dasavleTi gaTavisufldes universalizmis iluziisagan; rwmena dasavluri
unikalurobis Sesaxeb ara mxolod mcdari da amoraluria, aramed saSiSic;
modernizacia da ganviTareba arc moiTxovs da arc unda ganapirobebdes
vesternizacias (piriqiT, igi unda iwvevdes adgilobriv kulturaTa
aRorZinebas); dasavleTis liderebis umTavresi pasuxismgebloba ara sxva
civilizaciaTa dasavluri gardaqmna, aramed dasavluri civilizaciis
unikaluri niSnebis dacva da ganaxlebaa. es pasuxismgebloba, pirvel rigSi,
ekisreba yvelaze Zlier dasavlur qveyanas _ aSS-s; saxelmwifo moRvaweebs
mxolod maSin SeuZliaT nayofierad Secvalon realoba, roca aRiareben mas da
kargad esmiT igi; amerikuli elita uaRresad nela aRiqvams Seqmnil
realobebs; buSisa (buSi ufrosis, – l.k.) da klintonis administraciebi mxars
uWerdnen multicivilizaciuri integraciis gegmebs, romlebic an ugunuri iyo,
an iwvevda gauTvaliswinebel ekonomikur da politikur Sedegebs... (78)
milton fridmani (romlis wigni _ “kapitalizmi da Tavisufleba”, XX
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi Seqmnili, dRemde liberaluri msoflmxedvelobis
klasikur naSromad iTvleba) saerTaSoriso zeerovnuli monopoliebis
diqtaturas iseTive safrTxed Tvlis TavisuflebisTvis, rogorc saxelmwifo
diqtaturas. liberalizmi ebrZvis Tavisuflebis yovelgvar SezRudvas _
saxelmwifoebrivs, korporaciulsa Tu zeerovnuls. zeerovnuli diqtatis

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pirobebSi, marTalia, sityvis, sindisisa da saqmianobis pirobiTi Tavisufleba
daculia, magram mxolod garkveul farglebSi, garkveul zRvramde, romlis
gadalaxvis mcdeloba adamianebisTvis did riskTan aris dakavSirebuli.
kapitalis centrebSi _ saerTaSoriso korporaciebSi uzomo Zalauflebaa
koncentrirebuli. maT mier yvela saSualeba gamoiyeneba sazogadoebis
manipulirebisTvis. isini floben masobriv sainformacio saSualebebs, maT
gavlena aqvT sasamarTloebsa da saxelmwifo dawesebulebebze, bazrebze ki maT
gareSe araferi xdeba... (72)
winamdebare sadisertacio naSromis bolo qveTavSi (“saqarTveloSi jorj
buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi”) vnaxavT, rom TbilisSi vizitisas aSS-is
prezidentis, jorj buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis mTavari sakvanZo sityva
“Tavisuflebaa”.
zemoTganxiluli Tvalsazrisebi SemTxveviT ar dagvikavSirebia “vardebis
revoluciasTan”. misi winare da Semdgomi movlenebi cxadyofs, rom
demokratiis, liberalizmisa da Tavisuflebis “eqsporti” SesaZloa
warmatebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas
gacnobierebuli aqvs ara mxolod misi SesaZlo Sedegebi (pozitiurica da
negatiuric), aramed am procesebis kanonzomiereba da Sesabamisi moqmedebis
amplituda _ moqceuli maT gardauvalobasa da Cvens SesaZleblobas Soris.
Tundac presis magaliTi cxadyofs, rom gamonaklisis saxiT procesebis
amgvari aRqma gvxvdeba, magram umeteswilad maTi Tanmdevi problemebi
aRiwereba zereled da martivad _ “globalizaciis”, “masonebis”, “sorosis”,
“Savi piaris” da a.S. xsenebiT, an “mtris xatis” SeqmniT.

*
23 noembers “vardebis revoluciiT” dasrulebuli procesis gaanalizeba
presaSi mravalmxrivi da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, urTierTgamomricxavi
SefasebebiTaa mocemuli; vecdebiT, SeZlebisdagvarad, garkveuli logikiT
davalagoT ZiriTadi aqcentebi.
pirvel yovlisa, albaT unda gamovkveToT is obieqtur-subieqturi
mizezebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo revolucias. rac Seexeba sababs, is jer
kidev arCevnebamde karga xniT adre iyo gansazRvruli _ arCevnebis gayalbeba
xelisuflebis mier, amomrCevlis samoqalaqo uflebebis Selaxva.
mediaSi Seqmnili suraTiT ikveTeba mTavari mizezi, romelic revoluciis
qvakuTxedi gaxda _ eduard SevardnaZis mimarT lamis paTologiuri
siZulvili, rwmena da imedi, rom Tundac saxelisuflo sivrcidan misi
153
moSorebis faqti ukve sasikeTo movlena iqneboda qveynisTvis. am mizezma erT
fokusSi mouyara Tavi yvela faqtors _ socialurs, politikursa Tu
pirovnuls.
revoluciis meore dResve presaSi, erTis mxriv, gamoikveTa suliskveTeba,
rom gamarjvebulebs ar asamarTleben; meores mxriv, im dResve daiwyo
msjeloba xelisuflebis Secvlis procesis samarTlebriv aspeqtebze.
mainc ra SeiZleba ewodos 23 noembris movlenebs?
deklarirebulad, es iyo xaverdovani, usisxlo revolucia:
“vardebis revolucia” (“24 saaTi”, 24.11.2003); “vardebiani, usisxlo da ueklo
revolucia”, “xaverdovani revolucia”, “mSvidobiani revolucia” (“rezonansi”,
24.11.2003); “revolucia usisxlod” (“axali versia”, 24.11.2003); “vardebis
revolucia” ueklod” (“kviris palitra”, 24.11.2003); “kulturuli revolucia”
(“mTavari gazeTi”, 24.11.2003)
sayuradReboa axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis prezidentis Tina
xidaSelis formulireba: “imas, rac dRes moxda, iuridiul da yvela enaze
hqvia usisxlo revolucia.” (“rezonansi”, 24.11.2003)
presaSi aranaklebi intensiobiT figurirebs aqcenti, rom am procesebs
“xaverdovnebis” gansazRvreba ar miesadageba; es ufro gadatrialeba, anu
xelisuflebis ZaliT Secvla iyo: gazeTi “jorjian Taimsi” am process
saxelmwifo gadatrialebas uwodebs da aqcents akeTebs aSS-is saxelmwifo
departamentis somxuri lobis dafinansebaze, romlis mizania kavkasiaSi
somxeTis qceva mesamexarisxovani saxelmwifodan pirvelxarisxovnad. (27.11.2003).
momdevno dReebSi amave gazeTSi Cndeba formulireba _ samxedro gadatrialeba,
romelSic aqtiurad monawileobda uSiSroebis iatakqveSa razmi. (“jorjian
Taimsi”, 04.12.2003). gazeTis amave nomerSi piarteqnologi dimitri moniava
acxadebs, rom axali xelisufleba, jerjerobiT, ufro virtualuria, vidre
“realuri”, an “faqtobrivi”. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2003) saxelmwifo
gadatrialeba, romelsac uamravi iuridiuli darRvevis gasamarTleblad
“revolucia” ewoda, _ aseT mosazrebas vxvdebiT gazeT “axal TaobaSi”. (“axali
Taoba”, 06.12.2003)
politikosTa Sefasebebidan yvelaze radikaluria Salva naTelaSvili;
“leiboristebis” lideri “vardebis revolucias” xelisuflebis uzurpaciad
aRiqvams da aqcents akeTebs sorosis rolze, globalistur Zalebze, ruseTis
teritoriul interesze, baqo-jeihanis navTobsadenze... (“dilis gazeTi”,
26.11.2003); aseve mkveTria “aRorZinebis” warmomadgenelTa Sefaseba; magaliTad,
cotne bakurias azriT, es iyo kancelariaSi dagegmili “revolucia”, Zveli

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SevardnaZis Secvla “axalgazrda SevardnaZiT”. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 04.12.2003);
qristianul-demokratiuli kavSiris lideri vaJa lorTqifaniZe mianiSnebs
qveyanaSi diqtaturis damyarebis safrTxeze. (“axali Taoba”, 26.11.2003)
aqve aRvniSnavT, rom aqcentebi “vardebis revoluciasTan” sorosisa da
“globalisturi Zalebis” mimarTebaze kidev didxans viTardeboda presaSi.
sanimuSod movixmobT citatas yvelaze radikaluri mosazrebiT: “msoflio
politikis istoriaSi pirvelad moxda, rom saxelmwifo iqca ara romelime
Zlieri qveynis, aramed kerZo piris sakuTrebad; sorosis mizania ara mxolod
“axali evropis” gegmis ganxorcieleba, anu aSS-is gavlenis gaZliereba
evraziaze, aramed merkantiluric _ saqarTvelos, rogorc satransporto
derefnis yidva.” (“axali Taoba”, 31.03.2004)
sakonstitucio sasamarTlos yofili Tavmjdomaris, iusticiis sabWos
wevris, avTandil demetraSvilis gansazRvrebiT, “qveyana samarTlebriv
labirinTSi imyofeba, saidanac gamosavali Znelad mosaZebnia, Tumca,
SesaZlebeli. am problemis Tavi da Tavi imis gansazRvraa, ramdenad
legitimuria dRevandeli xelisufleba... nino burjanaZis mier saqarTvelos
prezidentis movaleobis Semsruleblad Tavis gamocxadeba, rom araferi
vTqvaT imaze, rom prezidents Tavisi gadadgomis Sesaxeb gancxadeba
gakeTebuli ar hqonda, aralegitimuri iyo.” (Jurnali “sarke”, 03.12.2003)
“amjerad kidev arsebobs SesaZlebloba qveyana daubrundes konstituciur
sivrces”, _ wers “dilis gazeTi” (“dilis gazeTi”, 08.12.2003) da es mosazreba
mediaSi gamonaklisi ar aris. es TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom media erTgvarad
aRiarebs arsebuli situaciis arakonstituciurobas, magram pirobiTad iRebs
mas, rogorc postSevardnaZistuli periodis “aTvlis wertils”.
paralelurad, presaSi dominirebs azri, rom revoluciis mTavari gmiri
xalxi iyo, rom mTavari Sedegi iyo sazogadoebis gaerTianeba, misi gaxleCis
safrTxis Tavidan acileba. pirvel rigSi, am faqtors xazgasmiT aRniSnavs
Tavad “mTavari revolucioneri” mixeil saakaSvili: “...mTavari gmiri arc
saakaSvilia, arc SevardnaZe. mTavari gmiri xalxia, romelmac guSin sakuTari
xeliT Seqmna istoria.” (“24 saaTi”, 24.11.2003) politolog kaxa kacitaZis
SefasebiT, “qarTveli eri Sedga... procesebis mTavari Semoqmedi Tavad
qarTveli eri iyo.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 24.11.2003)
istorikosebis SefasebiT (profesorebi: merab vaCnaZeEda vaxtang guruli),
xalxi gaaerTiana ara romelime politikuri figuris siyvarulma, aramed
ukiduresma gaWirvebam. es iyo SevardnaZis kraxi da ara is, rom yvela erTad
saakaSvils, Jvanias an burjanaZes gahyva. mniSvnelovania, rom yvelaferi

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usisxlod damTavrda. erTi adamianis sisxlic rom daRvriliyo, amas jaWvuri
reaqcia mohyveboda da samoqalaqo omSi gadaviCexebodiT; mniSvnelovania, rom
sazogadoeba erTiani darCa, radgan faqtobrivad dapirispireba iyo ara
sazogadoebaSi, aramed xalxsa da xelisuflebas Soris. (“mTavari gazeTi”,
25.11.2003)
igive xalxis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, politologi soso
cincaZeEyuradRebas amaxvilebs xalxis totaluri ndobis transformaciis
safrTxeze, romelic, SesaZloa, daemuqros axal xelisuflebas, Tu man
uaxloes xanebSi ver moaxerxa maTTvis micemuli dapirebebis Sesruleba.
(“rezonansi”, 06.12.2003)
sagulisxmoa, rom gavlenian ucxour mediaSi ganviTarebul mosazrebaTa
mravalferovnebis miuxedavad (romelsac, aseve, gvacnobs qarTuli presa),
saboloo jamSi, saqarTveloSi momxdari procesebi dadebiTad Seafases da
axal xelisuflebas mxardaWera gamoucxades evrokavSirma da evroparlamentma,
aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentma. Tumc, diplomatiur komentarebsa da
TavSekavebul SefasebebSi kvlav dominirebs aqcenti _ rom saqarTvelos,
momavali arCevnebis samarTlianad CatarebiT, isev (ukve meored) eZleva Sansi
demokratiul qveynad CamoyalibebisaTvis; samomavlod Sepirebuli ucxouri
daxmarebebic am faqtorze iqneba damokidebuli. iseve rogorc qarTuli media,
ucxouric maRal Sefasebas aZlevs revoluciuri procesebis dros
sazogadoebis aqtiurobisa da erTsulovnebis faqtors.
2 noembris arCevnebamde saqarTveloSi Camosuli maTias iorSi acxadebda,
rom TuUsaqarTvelo ar Caatarebs samarTlian da demokratiul arCevnebs,
SesaZloa, saqarTvelo evrosabWodan garicxon Seusrulebeli valdebulebebis
gamo. 18 dekembers, saqarTveloSi evrosabWos saparlamento delegaciis
xelmZRvanelis rangSi myofma iorSma preskonferenciaze ganacxada, rom axali
xelisuflebisaTvis evrosabWos winaSe aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis
moTxovna 2004 wlis TebervalSi (am dros iwureboda valdebulebebis
Sesrulebis vada _ l.k.) usamarTloba iqneba da axal xelisuflebas evrosabWo
nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebas axal vadebSi mosTxovs.
amasTan, sayuradReboa maTias iorSis gancxadeba momavali saprezidento
arCevnebis Taobaze, romelic, rogorc Cans, evrosabWos poziciasac gamoxatavs:
“saqarTveloSi dagegmili arCevnebi ar iqneba srulyofili. iqneba bevri
Secdoma da xarvezi, magram erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT xarvezi da
gayalbeba. mTavaria, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis
ganzraxva aris mtkice _ Catardes samarTliani arCevnebi da yvela damrRvevi

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da gamyalbebeli gamovlindes da daisajos.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.12.2003) anu,
evrosabWom, faqtobrivad, mxari dauWira “vardebis revoluciis” Sedegad
mosul xelisuflebas da TiTqmis upirobod misca Sansi da erTgvari
SeRavaTic revoluciuri procesis legitimaciisa.

 postrevoluciuri/postSevardnaZistuli xelisuflebis Sefaseba

(presis aqcentebi)

miuxedavad imisa, rom “vardebis revoluciis” Sedegad xelisuflebaSi

mosul “triumvirats” (mixeil saakaSvili, zurab Jvania, nino burjanaZe) isev
saxelisuflo partiis _ “moqalaqeTa kavSiris” wiaRidan politikur
avanscenaze karga xnis damkvidrebuli personebi warmoadgendnen,
revoluciurma eiforiam maT sxva Zala da Saravandi SesZina, Tvisobrivad
gansxvavebuli, vidre xelisuflebaSi Cveulebrivi “saarCevno rotaciis” gziT
mosvlisas eqnebodaT.
axali xelisuflebis mimarT presa Semwynarebluri gaxda. SesaZloa
imitom, rom am periodisTvis man amowura “negatiuri resursi”, romelic Zveli
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli da warmatebiT Seasrula Tavisi misia
revoluciuri procesebisaTvis xelsayreli fonis Sesaqmnelad; SesaZloa
imitomac, rom formirebis procesSi axali xelisufleba TavisTavad
imsaxurebda taim-auts; da albaT imitomac, rom sainformacio sivrcis
Camoyalibeba da marTva saqarTveloSi didwiladaa dakavSirebuli im
politikur ZalasTan, romelic “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg xelisuflebaSi
movida.
unda iTqvas, rom presa, politikuri speqtrisagan gansxvavebiT,
postrevoluciur eiforiaSi ar aRmoCenila da droulad auRo alRo
politikur koniunqturas.
revoluciis Semdgom TiTqmis ar Secvlila qarTuli realobisa da,
Sesabamisad, mediisTvis damaxasiaTebeli politizebisa da personificirebis
tendencia; gansxvavebaa isaa, rom presis mTavari Tema _ xelisuflebidan
SevardnaZis wasvla, Secvala xelisuflebaSi saakaSvilis mosvlis Temam.
faqtobrivad, 2003 wlis dekembersa da 2004 wlis ianvarSi iSviaTia gazeTi
personalurad mixeil saakaSvilisa da, saerTod, axali xelisuflebis Taobaze
mosazrebebis gareSe. ZiriTadad presaSi dominirebs axal xelisuflebasTan
dakavSirebuli cvlilebebis molodini. erTgvari Sejerebuli daijesti naTel
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warmodgenas qmnis postrevoluciuri xelisuflebis garSemo presaSi Seqmnil
sainformacio fonze:
 “reformatorebi, rogorebic arian mixeil saakaSvili, nino burjanaZeEda
zurab Jvania, momavali saqarTvelos imedi da amerikis SeerTebuli
StatebisTvis kargi siaxlea... dRes reformistulad ganwyobil liderebs
aqvT Sansi, rom dasavleTis daxmareba gacilebiT ufro efeqturad
gamoiyenon.” (erik mileri, analitikosi, aSS; “24 saaTi”, 03.01.2004)
 “Cveni optimizmis safuZvelia sami faqtoris erTianoba, romelsac CvenSi
dRemde ar hqonia adgili. pirvelia _ xelisufleba, romelic
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis, qarTveli erisa da qveynis interesebs daicavs,
misi damoukideblobis, ganviTarebisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis ibrZolebs;
meore _ qarTveli xalxis neba _ mxari dauWiros xelisuflebas... mesame _
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba energiulad gamoxatavs axlandeli
xelisuflebisa da saqarTvelos mxardaWeras. da amitomac unda
davijeroT, rom 2004 weli _ axali epoqis dasawyisi iqneba
saqarTveloSi.” (dimitri SveliZe, istorikosi, “mTavari gazeTi”, 05.01.2004)
 ”saqarTveloSi erTpartiuli demokratia damkvidrda. xelisuflebis
yvela Stos akontrolebs erTi xelisufleba da, rac samwuxaroa, arc
apirebs am situaciis Secvlas, piriqiT, “revoluciuri xelisufleba”
cdilobs maqsimalurad mokle vadebSi daniSnos axali saparlamento
arCevnebi, raTa... erTklanuri sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba miiRos.”
(“axali Taoba”, 08.01.2004)
 “mosaxleobis 96%-is mier arCeul miSas SeuZlia Tu unda
koncentraciuli banakebi gaxsnas, mainc taSs daukraven, magram ramdenad
demokratiuli da normaluria daSineba, terori da mokvliT damuqreba
ori dRis win arCeuli axalgazrda da “demokrati” prezidentisagan,
Zneli saTqmelia... guSin kanoniT jer argaprezidentebuli saakaSvili
yovelgvari moridebis gareSeEdireqtivas aZlevda iusticiis ministrs,
rom cixeSi SesaZlo destabilizaciisas gamoeyenebina iaraRi da moekla
patimrebi.” (“axali Taoba”, 13.01.2004)
 “axalma xelisuflebam icis, rac unda gaakeTos da konkretuli
programac gaaCnia... mixeil saakaSvils ukve didi xania vicnob. is aSkarad
Zalian Wkviani, Semoqmedi adamiania... noembris Semdeg man yvelaze Zalian
didi STabeWdileba moaxdina. mas kargad Camoyalibebuli ideebi da xedva
aqvs da kargad icis, ra unda. mas Zalian kargi monacemebi aqvs da
vusurveb warmatebebs, radgan misi warmatebebi pirdapir aris
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 dakavSirebuli qarTveli xalxis warmatebasTan.” (lin pasko, aSS-is
saxelmwifo mdivnis moadgile, “24 saaTi”, 15.01.2004)
 “ar vfiqrob, rom mixeil saakaSvili evropuli donis politikosia. ori
Tvis ganmavlobaSi Seviswavle yvela is interviu, romelic man misca
dasavlur, rusul Tu qarTul medias. jerjerobiT misTvis
gauwonasworebloba saukeTeso daxasiaTebaa. meqmneba warmodgena, rom es
is pirovnebaa, romelic gancxadebebs sakuTari ganwyobilebebidan
gamomdinare akeTebs... is, rom man moaxerxa aseTi saxis revoluciis
moxdena, metyvelebs, rom udaod niWieri pirovnebaa Zalze specifiur
sferoSi.” (andrei babicki, rusi Jurnalisti, “mTavari gazeTi”, 15.01.2004)
 “saakaSvili gamoyenebiTi xasiaTis politikosia... saakaSvilSi marTlac
aris bevri ram amerikuli tipis politikosisa _ maT Soris populizmis
seriozuli dozac. politikur organizaciasTanac araklasikuri midgoma
aqvs _ misi organizacia saarCevnod aqtiurobs da arasaarCevno periodSi
minavlebulia. arCevnebis dros amotivtivebuli aqtivi saxelisuflo
struqturebSi midis, mere icxrileba _ vinc ar moswons, daundoblad
iSorebs da Semdegi arCevnebisaTvis axali aqtivi Cndeba _ es amerikuli
midgomaa.” (ivliane xaindrava, politologi, “24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004)
 “saakaSvilma jer kidev inauguraciamde daiwyo sakuTari klanis
Camoyalibeba, klanis, romelic ufro Sekrulia da ufro vrceli.
SevardnaZis klani sul samiode aTeul adamians Tu aerTianebda...
saqarTvelom marTlac imperatori airCia.” (“axali Taoba”, 19.01.2004)
 “jer ukurTxebeli prezidentis pirveli nabijebi sazogadoebaSi badebs
eWvs da arcTu ise sasiamovno asociaciebs warsulTan... saakaSvili
sagareo frontze TiTqmis iseTive gancxadebebs akeTebs, rogorc misi
winamorbedi”. (“axali versia”, 19.01.2004)
 “dasavleTi saqarTvelos ndobas ucxadebs... saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
axali Taoba dasavleTis produqtia ganaTlebis, msoflmxedvelobisa da
mentalitetis mxriv.” (“rezonansi”, 20.01.2004)
 “davosSi, sabolood, mxolod saakaSvili Cavida, romlis mizani erTia _
msoflio sazogadoebaze axali efeqtis moxdena da axali ekonomikuri
daxmarebebisa da investiciebis mozidva... Tu saakaSvili Sveicariidan
inauguraciisaTvis axali proeqtebiTa da SesaZlo investiciebiT
xeldamSvenebuli Camova, es warmateba mxolod mis damsaxurebad
CaiTvleba da, Sesabamisad, misi reitingic erTi-orad gaizrdeba. es ki,

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 mixeil saakaSvilis “piarSCikebis” azriT, mis mesianur warmomavlobas
kidev erTxel gausvams xazs.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 21.01.2004)
 “jerjerobiT, Cven ar gadavsulvarT postrevoluciur fazaSi, rodesac
unda Sewydes Zalis demonstrireba da xelisufleba kanonier da
samarTlebriv saqmianobas Seudges. amisaTvis pirvel rigSi saWiroa,
mixeil saakaSvilma Tavi igrZnos ara gamarjvebuli xalxis liderad,
aramed saqarTvelos prezidentad. man unda gaacnobieros, rom igi
sruliad saqarTvelos prezidentia. maT Soris aslan abaSiZis
prezidentic aris da eduard SevardnaZisac.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 21.01.2004)
 “jorj sorosi mzad aris, qarTvel Cinovnikebs xelfasebi gadauxados.
rogorc axali xelisufleba ambobs, es kargia da waadgeba saqarTvelos
korufciis aRmofxvraSi... ratom ar surs axal xelisuflebas aRiaros,
rom sorosis fulis gareSe isini ver aamuSavebdnen marTvad
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs _ “Tavisuflebis instituts”, “axalgazrda
iuristTa asociacias” da “kmaras”; rom sorosis gareSeE ver moipovebdnen
seriozul gavlenas sainformacio saSualebebze da verc revolucias
moawyobdnen. ar jobia saqarTvelom axlave icodes, riTi unda
gadauxados soross “sikeTisaTvis”?” (“axali Taoba”, 23.01.204)





rogorc vxedavT, yuradRebis centrSi mixeil saakaSvilia da,
revoluciuri eiforiis miuxedavad, presaSi sakmaod kritikuli
damokidebulebac igrZnoba mis mimarT. paralelebi Zvel xelisuflebasTan da
aqcenti mixeil saakaSvilis erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobis safrTxeze, gazeT
“alias” publikaciaSi (“eduardis nakvalevze”) ufro Sors midis da aq ukve
“diqtatura” da “faSizmic” xsendeba: “guSin telekompania “imedis” eTeriT
saakaSvilma pirvelad aRiara, rom is aravisTan ar apirebs uflebebis gayofas:
“aranairi uflebebis gayofa ar iqneba. ubralod, moxdeba raRac funqciebis
delegireba. xalxma me amirCia da yvela umTavresi sakiTxi qveyanaSi
prezidentma unda gadawyvitos. man Tavad unda gadawyvitos, ra aris
mniSvnelovani.” demokratiis saxelmZRvaneloSi aseTi ram ar weria. iq
yvelaferi kanonis enaze xdeba. rogorc Cans Cveni axali prezidentic ar
apirebs demokratiulad cxovrebas. aseTi fraza Tavis droze gamsaxurdiamac
Tqva, misi reJimi “provinciul faSizmad” monaTles; SevardnaZes sityvebiT
araferi uTqvams, sul xalxis saxeliT laparakobda, magram samagierod misi
marTvis stili moinaTla diqtaturad da Camoagdes.” (“alia”, 10.01.2004)
mixeil saakaSvilis saprezidento uflebamosilebis Taobaze msjelobisas
politologi soso cincaZec iSveliebs paralelebs, oRondac gansxvavebul
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konteqstSi: “5 ianvridan, faqtiurad, saqarTveloSi ZalaSi Sedis Zveli
amerikuli sakonstitucio principi _ xelisuflebis yovel gadawyvetilebaze
erTpirovnulad pasuxs agebs prezidenti. am fuZemdeblur principze, rogorc
Cans, sxva azri gaaCnda rogorc pirvel, aseve meore prezidents. gamsaxurdia
acxadebda, rom is pasuxs ar agebda “axalgazrda energetikosTa kavSiris”
qmedebaze da “karvis qalebze”. avtomatur reJimSi ibanda xels SevardnaZe,
rogorc ki Jurnalistebi mis uaxloes garemocvaze Camougdebdnen sityvas.”
(“rezonansi”, 09.01.2004) Zveli romis, aSS-is, britaneTis istoriuli analogebis
moSveliebiT, soso cincaZe anviTarebs mosazrebas, rom “mixeil saakaSvili
rigiT arCevnebSi gamarjvebuli prezidenti ar aris, is triumfatoria am
terminis sruli mniSvnelobiT.” triumfatorebs ki Zalze mZime jvris zidva
uxdebodaT da arcTu iSviaTad, sul martos.
analitikos ia anTaZis mesijebi, rogorc wesi, mediaSi SemTxveviT ar
Cndeba. amjerad “axal versiaSi” gamoqveynebuli (da radio “Tavisuflebis”
eTeriT gadacemuli) publikaciis saTauri _ “iracionaluri aqcentebis
tradicia qarTul politikaSi” ukve TavisTavad migvaniSnebs mis mTavar
aqcentebze:
o oTx dekembers mixeil saakaSvilma saprezidento saarCevno kampania
iracionaluri aqcentebiT daiwyo;
o saakaSvili ar aris pirveli qarTveli politikosi, romelic Tavis
optimizms religiuri TariRebisa da politikuri movlenebis damTxvevas
ukavSirebs. eduard SevardnaZis meore saprezidento vadac swored
iracionaluri aqcentebiT da masTan dakavSirebuli imedebiT daiwyo;
o maSin iracionaluri wnexi aSkarad gamoyenebuli iqna politikur
iaraRad, raTa ubralo adamians protestis gareSe, marTlac gardauval
bediswerad mieRo qveyanaSi gamefebuli usamarTloba da ganukiTxaoba;
Cven vnaxeT, riTi dasrulda xelisuflebisa da xalxis interesTa
realuri konfliqti;
o logikuria, rom nebismieri xelisufali, romelic racionalur
politikas iracionaluri aqcentebiT Caanacvlebs, damarcxdeba.
o es gafrTxileba amjerad ekuTvnis mixeil saakaSvils, romlis momaval
prezidentobasac saqarTvelos mosaxleoba cvlilebebis molodiniT da
imediT xvdeba. (83)
axal xelisuflebaze ufro konkretuli da sagnobrivi msjelobis (da
kritikulisac!) sainformacio sababi presisaTvis gaxda sakadro politika.
sakadro clilebebTan dakavSirebiT presaSi Cndeba bolSevizmis asociaciebi,

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paralelebi SevardnaZis sakadro politikasTan, Tvalsazrisi, rom axali
xelisufleba am mimarTulebiT Zveli politikis memkvidrea. kadrebze
msjelobisas, bevrgan figurirebs Tvalsazrisi, rom es sakiTxi “nacionalebisa”
da “demokratebis” dapirispirebis sababia; gvxvdeba mosazrebebic, rom kadrebis
daniSvna naCqarevad xdeba, ar iyo aucilebeli mniSvnelovani sakadro
cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba prezidentis inauguraciamde; iqmneba
STabeWdileba, rom gamarjvebuli Zalebi erTmaneTis daswrebas da sakuTari
poziciebis gamyarebas cdiloben; kadrebis SerCeva xdeba ara
profesionalizmisa da gamocdilebis, aramed, revoluciuri damsaxurebis
mixedviT da a.S.
“mTavari gazeTi” wers, rom “zurab Jvaniam da mixeil saakaSvilma...
saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebi 50-50-ze gadainawiles. gadanawileba moxda ise, rom
rogorc Jvanias, aseve saakaSvils, aqvT urTierTkontrolis saSualeba.”
(“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004) aqve vkiTxulobT _ “es periodi Zalze gvagonebs
bolSevizmis pirvel etaps, roca yvelgan Tavisianebi gaamweses.”
“axali Taoba” iuwyeba, rom “nacionalebisa” da “demokratebis”
dapirispireba sakadro politikis garSemo SeiZleba kidev gamwvavdes. droebiTi
mTavrobis mier warmoebuli sakadro politikiT ukmayofilo nacionalebma
mixeil saakaSvils ultimatumic ki wauyenes. amjerad isini finansTa ministris
zurab noRaidelis winaaRmdeg ilaSqreben... am dReebSi noRaidelTan
seriozuli uTanxmoeba mouvida Tavdacvis saministros erT-erT maRalCinosans...
rogorc amboben, im maRalCinosans noRaidelisaTvis aseTi ram uTqvams: “Sen
Jvanias davalebas asruleb da xelfasebs specialurad ar arigeb. da gindaT,
rom xalxi saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg ganawyoTo.” (“axali Taoba”, 03.01.2004)
“dilis gazeTi” mkveTrad akritikebs “nacionalebis” kadrebs, romlebic
SemdgomSi xelisuflebis “Zalovan” sayrdenad iqcnen: “...prokuraturas
nacionalebSi yvelaze “uSiSari” irakli oqruaSvili daepatroneba. marTalia,
moralze laparaki axla moduri ar aris, magram sakiTxavia, ramdenad aqvs mas
generaluri prokuroris postis dakavebis ufleba maSin, roca mis mimarT
orjer iyo saqme aRZruli: erTi _ ramdenime wlis winaT, roca is advokati iyo
da meore _ axlaxan: winasaarCevno periodSi gorSi momxdari incidentis dros
mas da erT nacionals yaCaRobaSi edebodaT brali... rac Seexeba meore ufro
“saSiS kadrs” _ vano merabiSvils, jer erTi, igi iuristi ar aris, meorec, mas
ara aqvs Sesabamisi gamocdileba... Cndeba kiTxva _ ris mixedviT arCevs axali
xelisufleba kadrebs? ra Tqma unda, revoluciis organizebaSi Setanili
wvlilis mixedviT. vano merabiSvilis dawinaureba am CarCoebSic ar Tavsdeba,

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radgan revoluciis dReebSi igi tribunaze arc gamoCenila. ase rom, sakadro
qaosi grZeldeba.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.01.2004)
vano merabiSvilis SesaZlo maRalCinosnoba “axali Taobis” gakvirvebasac
iwvevs: “... erTma gadawyvetilebam politikuri speqtri, da ara marto is, srul
SokSi Caagdo. axal mTavrobasTan daaxloebulma wyarom gaavrcela informacia,
rom deputati vano merabiSvili axlo momavalSi uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani
gaxdeba.” (“axali Taoba”, 14.01.2004)
irakli oqruaSvilis mosalodnel zeobaze “mTavari gazeTic” amaxvilebs
yuradRebas: “oqruaSvili prokuraturaSi saakaSviliseul reformebs
ganaxorcielebs, romlis mixedviTac prokuraturas funqciebi gaezrdeba da is
yvela Zalovanze “zeorganos” funqcias Seasrulebs”; “sazogadoebaSi miTqma-
moTqmaa, “oqruaSvili Tu nebaze miuSves, naxevari saqarTvelo cixeSi
aRmoCndebao.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004; 17.01.2004)
“axali Toba” aqcents akeTebs kadrebis gamoucdelobasa da umwifrobaze:
“ekonomikis ministrma ekonomika ar icis”... 28 wlis irakli rexviaSvils,
romelsac 14 welia saqarTveloSi ar ucxovria, imis gamo, rom sorosTan
muSaobda, Tbilisis aeroportSi CamosvlisTanave ministris portfeli
gadasces”; “iusticiis saministro saukeTeso magaliTia imisa, Tu rogori
SeiZleba aRmoCndes araprofesionalTa sabavSvo gundi. erT-erT sakvanZo
Tanamdebobaze iusticiis ministrma zurab adeiSvilma 21 wlis biWi daniSna. es
biWi, aseve, nacionaluri moZraobis aqtivistia... mesame prezidentma kidev ufro
dawia asakobrivi cenzi da lamis ufrosklaselebs Caabaros xelisufleba.”
(“axali Taoba”, 18.01.2004; 19.01.2004)
“saqarTveloSi axali daniSvnebis mTavari tendencia isaa, rom parlamenti
ministrobis kandidatebisagan ar iTxovs programebs, sadac mkafiod iqneba
Camoyalibebuli, rogor unda gardaiqmnas esa Tu is uwyeba... rCeba
STabeWdileba, rom axali xelisufleba sakuTari TavisaTvis maRali xarisxis
garantiebs iTxovs, xalxisTvis ki dabali xarisxis garantiebsac sjerdeba.
“vardebis revolucias” aseTi gagrZeleba namdvilad ar ekadreba”, _ askvnis
gazeTi “axali versia” sakadro politikaze msjelobisas. (“axali versia”,
26.01.2004)
 “triumvirati”

“triumvirati”, “troika”, “trio” _ ase moixsenieba mediaSi revoluciis

gamarjvebuli sameuli. 23 noembris Semdgom dReebSi presa did yuradRebas
uTmobs nino burjanaZis, zurab Jvaniasa da mixeil saakaSvilis
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urTierTmimarTebis, maT Soris ZalTa Tanafardobis, politikur ZalTa axal
da momaval ganlagebaSi TiToeuli maTganis funqciisa da potenciis Taobaze
mosazrebebisa da versiebis ganviTarebas.
mixeil saakaSvili _ prezidenti, zurab Jvania _ premier-ministri, nino
burjanaZe _ parlamentis Tavmjdomare. funqciebis amgvar ganawilebas presa
revoluciamde gacilebiT adre varaudobda; am sqemis ganxorcielebis realuri
perspeqtivis gaCenis Semdgom ki ZiriTadi aqcenti gadadis maTi
SesaZleblobebis Sefasebaze. gamovyofT ramdenime tipiur Sefasebas,
erTmaneTisagan diametralurad gansxvavebul mosazrebas da im Tvalsazrisebs,
romelic, Cveni azriT, sayuradRebo mesijebs Seicavs.
fsiqologi, akademikosi SoTa nadiraSvili ase afasebs zogadad lideris
faqtors da, konkretulad, samive politikur personas:
“sazogadoebrivi azri zogjer aracnobierad yalibdeba da saWiroa, rom
politikurma liderebma zogjer Tavad Seqmnan da gamoxaton is azri, rac
sazogadoebas gaaCnia... Tu vinmem amis gakeTeba SeZlo, xalxi mas liderad da
gmirad Tvlis.
nebisyofis TvalsazrisiT, saakaSvili saocrad Zlieri pirovnebaa da
aRmoCnda, rom inteleqtualuric aris...
saakaSvils gverds umSvenebs Jvania, romelic Zalian gamocdili
politikosia. Tu man kargi mizani daisaxa, bevri kargis gakeTeba SeuZlia.
qalis gamoCena ki saswauli iyo. nino burjanaZeETavisi kacuri
inteleqtiTa da nebisyofiT simpaTiebs imsaxurebs da rogorc qali _ gavlenas
axdens. mere gaCnda asociaciebi Tamar mefesTan, tetCerTan _ es yvelaferi
xels uwyobda mis portrets. oponentebma masTan sabrZolvelad araswori
meTodebi airCies _ rom is sxva wridan aris da a.S. susti argumentebi ki
mowinaaRmdeges aZlierebs...
swored qalma gaanela Jvaniasa da saakaSvilis faruli mtroba
prezidentobisTvis. yovelTvis Canda, rom burjanaZeE saakaSvils rols
dauTmobda, radgan saakaSvili amas imsaxurebda. es erTmaneTisadmi
pativiscemas niSnavs.” (“24 saaTi”, 28.11.2003)
fsiqolog nodar sarjvelaZis mosazrebiT, “samive udavod saintereso
figuraa... maT didi pasuxismgebloba aqvT da didi istoriuli roli SeuZliaT
Seasrulon. samive SevardnaZis mowafea? arian da arc arian.
saakaSvilma, Tundac SevardnaZis Cais daleviT, kargad gaSifra, misi
adgilis dakaveba rom surda. bunebrivia, am TvalsazrisiT is SevardnaZis
mowafea, Tumca, ufro TviTmyofadi.

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 Jvania aSkarad yvelaze niWieri moswavlea. is kargad gamoiwvrTna,
yvelaze ukeT SeiTvisa SevardnaZis nabijebi. Jvania namdvili politikosia,
SevardnaZis msgavsad, politikuri intrigebis specialisti. SemTxveviTi ar
aris, parlamentSi saakaSvili rom Sevida da ara Jvania.
rac Seexeba burjanaZes, man seriozuli principuloba gamoiCina bolo
dros.
unda vaRiaro, rom es sameuli dRevandel politikur speqtrSi yvelas
sjobs.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 05.12.2003)
“jorjian Taimsi” saakaSvils, Jvaniasa da burjanaZes “xelisuflebaSi
ZaliT, agresiiTa da amerikul-rusul-somxuri politikuri kapitaliT mosul
politikur tyupebsa” da “ocdameerTe saukunis orjonikiZeebs” uwodebs da maT
mniSvnelobas aseTi TanmimdevrobiT alagebs: “politikuri cxvris faris
saTaveSi Jvania dgas, Semdeg modis burjanaZe da, bolos, xelisuflebis
Zaladobrivi damxobis realuri avtori mixeil saakaSvili.” (“jorjian Taimsi”,
27.11.2003)
presis publikaciebSi, pirdapir Tu miniSnebiT, figurirebs Tvalsazrisi,
rom liderebis pirovnuli ambicia (aq, umTavresad, Jvania-saakaSvils
gulisxmoben) feTqebadsaSiSi muxtis matarebelia da Zalauflebis
gadanawilebisaTvis brZola, SesaZloa, iqces gamarjvebuli Zalis
ganxeTqilebis faqtorad. amasTan, presaSi yuradReba maxvildeba liderebis
pasuxismgeblobisa da politikuri Segnebis faqtorze, romelmac unda
gaaneitralos es safrTxe:
“bevri eloda, rom revoluciis mogebis Semdeg opoziciis erTianobas
safrTxe daemuqreboda, liderebs pirovnul ambiciebze maRla dgoma
gauWirdebodaT. magram, rogorc aRmoCnda, opoziciam am meore gamocdasac
gauZlo da funqciebis ganawileba umtkivneulod moxerexda _ yovel
SemTxvevaSi, garegnulad mainc. is, rom opoziciam am SemTxvevaSic SeinarCuna
erTianoba, miuTiTebs imaze, rom liderebi, politikuri simwifis
TvalsazrisiT, ufro gaizardnen da, jerjerobiT mainc, acnobiereben im
pasuxismgeblobas, romelic xalxis winaSe aiRes.” (“24 saaTi”, 27.11.2003)
saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg nino burjanaZeEerTgvarad mediis
CrdilSi moeqca, miuxedavad imisa, rom inauguraciamde igi kvlav asrulebda
prezidentis movaleobas. pirveli “ceremoniuli triumfis” Semdeg, marTalia
igi kvlav xvdeba Zalian bevr maRali rangis ucxoel stumars da es Sexvedrebi
aisaxeba presaSi (gansakuTrebiT, “saqarTvelos respublikaSi”), magram misi
personis mimarT interesi aSkarad Senelda. sociologiuri samsaxuris “ai-fi-

165
emis” xelmZRvaneli goCa cqitiSvili aRniSnavs, rom arCevnebis wina periodTan
SedarebiT, burjanaZis reitingma daiwia. (“alia”, 20.01.2004). yuradRebas iqcevs
isic, rom mixeil saakaSvili nino burjanaZes xazgasmuli familiarobiTa da
TiTqos agdebiTac moixseniebs _ “nino moplakunebda!” (“vardebis revoluciis”
dRes), “nino kargi gogoa” da a.S.)
nino burjanaZis personaze kvlav amaxvilebs yuradRebas ucxouri media
(gansakuTrebiT, rusuli) da, Sesabamisad, es momenti qarTul presaSic aisaxeba.
ruseTis televiziam (ОРТ) nino burjanaZe 2003 wlis mTavar adamianTa Soris
daasaxela; saqarTveloSi mas “rkinis ninos” uwodebeno _ aRniSna
sainformacio programis wamyvanma (Tumc, es termini 23 noembris Semdgom
qarTul presaSi swored rusuli mediis masalebiT momzadebul publikaciebSi
figurirebs, _ l.k.) da paraleli Tamar mefesTan gaavlo. (“kviris palitra”,
05.01.2004) “mTavari gazeTisaTvis” micemul interviuSi, cnobili rusi
Jurnalisti andrei babicki, nino burjanaZes revolucionerTa Soris yvelaze
gawonasworebul politikoss uwodebs da aRniSnavs, rom es evropuli donis
politikosis Tvisebaa. (“mTavari gazeTi”, 15.01.2004)
72 dRiani saprezidento misiis dasrulebis sababiT nino burjanaZe
cotaxniT isev aRmoCnda mediis yuradRebis centrSi. gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas misi personisadmi amjeradac (da saerTodac!) “mTavari gazeTi”
iCens; magaliTad, gazeTis 17 ianvris nomris mTavari Tema nino burjanaZis
personaa. misdami miZRvnil ramdenime publikaciaSi aseTi aqcentebi ikveTeba:
nino burjanaZe erTaderTi qalia, romelmac mtkiced daimkvidra adgili
qarTul politikaSi; sazRvargareT, maT Soris ruseTSic, mas yovelTvis
gulRiad iRebdnen. pirovnul Rirsebebs, mis mimarT ndobis faqtors,
ganaTlebuli da simpaTiuri qalis imijic emateboda; burjanaZes
xelisuflebaSi SevardnaZis memkvidredac ganixilavdnen; burjanaZis imijma
mosaxleobaSi warmateba moutana zurab Jvanias gunds; vardebis revoluciis
dros, sakuTari kavSirebiT ucxoeTsa Tu qveynis SigniT, parlamentis
Tavmjdomaris statusiT, burjanaZe mniSvnelovnad exmareboda
revolucionerebs; 23 noembers burjanaZes qveynisa da procesebis marTvaze
pasuxismgeblobis aReba mouwia; legitimaciis ukmarisobis viTarebaSi man,
TanamoazreebTan erTad, Tavi gaarTva problemebis met-naklebad mogvarebas da,
SeiZleba iTqvas, gamocda Caabara; politikosTa prognoziT, prezident
SevardnaZis epoqaSi misi erT-erTi realuri Semcvleli saakaSvilis
mmarTvelobis drosac darCeba prezidentobis potenciur kandidatad. (“mTavari
gazeTi”, 17.01.2004)
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 “saqarTvelom da msofliomac, qalbatoni nino, rogorc prezidenti,
miiRo da moiwona kidec. sazRvargareT mas “qarTveli rkinis ledic” uwodes”,
_ aRniSnavs “dilis gazeTi”. amave publikaciaSi gvxvdeba “sarwmuno wyaros”
informacia, rom nino burjanaZeEseriozulad emzadeba (dRes Tu ara, xval
mainc) Tavisi gundis Sesaqmnelad. (“dilis gazeTi”, 20.01.2004)
“politikur samaias” Soris arsebuli daZabulobisa da momavali
dapirispirebis Tema presaSi, ZiriTadad, saakaSvili-Jvanias urTierTmimarTebis
fonze viTardeba, magram aqa-iq personalurad burjanaZec xsendeba; “jorjian
Taimsi” wers, rom saakaSvilis samomavlo mizani iqneba Tavidan moicilos
“intrigebSi gawrTvnili Jvania da burjanaZe.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 08.01.2004)
saxelisuflo liderTa revoluciuri sameulis mesame wevris _ zurab
Jvanias persona postrevoluciuri periodis presaSi uSualod aris
dakavSirebuli sakadro politikis, mosalodneli sakonstitucio cvlilebebis,
anu, premier-ministris postis SemoRebis, aseve, politikur sameuls Soris
mosalodneli uTanxmoebisa da Zalauflebis ganawilebis TemebTan. aqve unda
aRvniSnoT, rom “vardebis revoluciis” momdevno TveebSi, iseve rogorc nino
burjanaZis, zurab Jvanias personis mimarTac interesi presaSi sagrZnoblad
Senelda (Tu ar CavTvliT gazeT “jorjian Taimss”, romelic farTod
anSlagirebul skandalur publikaciebs uZRvnis Jvanias personas).
zurab Jvanias popularobis klebas politologi ivliane xaindrava ase
xsnis: Jvaniasadmi ndobis xarisxi politikur da arasamTavrobo wreebSi daeca
da isini amaSi damnaSave ar arian _ iyo dro, roca am wreebSi Jvanias didi
mxardaWera hqonda, magram man, garkveulwilad, ver gaamarTla; 1995 wlis meore
naxevari da momdevno ori weli pozitiuri dinamikis wlebi iyo; maSin
axalgazrda reformatorad wodebuli jgufis lideri Jvania iyo, misi
xelmZRvanelobiT parlamenti nayofierad muSaobda; magram man ver SeZlo
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisaTvis gadamwyveti brZolis gamarTva _ Tu
moigebdnen, xom kargi, Tu arada, wagebis SemTxvevaSi maTi saxiT progresuli
Zalebis konsolidaciis centri Seiqmneboda; Jvaniam SevardnaZis orbitaze
moZraoba arCia; man, arsebiTad, im periodSi daiwyo moednis mosufTaveba
imisaTvis, rom 2005 wels prezidentobis ualternativo kandidati yofiliyo; es
misi strategiuli Secdoma iyo; man dakarga ndobac da politikuri
mokavSireebic. (“24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004)
mniSvnelovan saxelisuflo postebze Jvania-saakaSvilis kadrebis
ganTavsebaze msjelobisas presaSi, erTis mxriv, gvxvdeba mosazreba, rom
Jvanias ufro didi sakadro resursi aqvs; meores mxriv, aris am tipis

167
Tvalsazrisic _ revoluciis mTeli simZime “nacionalebma” aiRes Tavis Tavze,
dabali reitingis Jvania ki qveynis meore piri xdeba da Tavisi kadrebiT
akompleqtebs xelisuflebas.
rogorc aRvniSneT, zurab Jvania “jorjian Taimsis” sagangebo yuradRebis
obieqtia, oRondac, skandalur konteqstSi; Jvania figurirebs, rogorc “zviad
gamsaxurdias xelisuflebis damxobis aqtiuri monawile, romlis mier umZimesi
danaSaulis Cadenis faqts mowmeebi adastureben”; rogorc baqo-jeihanis
proeqtis faruli da aqtiuri mowinaaRmdege, mezobeli qveynis interesebis
sasargeblod. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 08,15,22.2004)
saxalxo frontis Tavmjdomare nodar naTaZeEzurab Jvanias korufciuli
qmedebebis Tanamonawiled da Tanaorganizatorad miiCnevs da darwmunebulia,
rom amis gamo daixureba korufciasTan dakavSirebuli yvela realuri saqme,
romelic prokuraturaSi Seva. (“axali Taoba”, 20.01.2004)

 aWaris movlenebi _ “vardebis revoluciis” logikuri gagrZeleba

“vardebis revoluciis” Sedegebis Sefasebisas, revoluciis wlisTavze da

Semdgomac, axali xelisuflebis mTavar warmatebad miiCneva aWaris faqtobrivi
dabruneba saqarTvelos konstituciur sivrceSi. Cveni azriT, amas gacilebiT
ufro mniSvnelovani Sedegi mohyva _ aWaris dabruneba ara mxolod
konstituciur, aramed erTiani saxelmwifo cnobierebis velSi.
axla, roca 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Semdeg afxazeTisa da e.w.
samxreT oseTis dabruneba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv sivrceSi ufro
daSorda realobas, vidre es Tundac “vardebis revoluciis” Semdgomi
perspeqtiviT isaxeboda, aWaraSi ganviTarebuli procesebis mediaretrospeqtiva
da analizi ufro sayuradRebo xdeba. miT ufro, rom am Temis asaxva presaSi,
jerjerobiT, araa Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli. Tanac, droismieri
distancirebis Semdeg ise moCans, TiTqos yvelaferi erTi xelis dakvriT
mogvarda. presaSi asaxuli viTareba ki gviCvenebs, rom es procesi rTuli
saSinao da sagareo peripetiebis TanxlebiT mimdinareobda. amdenad, saWirod
CavTvaleT ufro vrclad warmogvedgina aWaraSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis
mediasuraTi.
“vardebis revoluciis” dReebSive da revoluciis Semdgom, aWaris Tema
isev gaxda is “mTavari safrTxobela”, romelsac qarTul politikaSi
damkvidrebuli tradiciiT, xelisufleba momgebianad iyenebda rTul
situaciebSi manipulirebisa da movlenaTa simZimis centridan yuradRebis
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“sxvagan” gadatanisaTvis. centrsa da regions Soris bunebrivad arsebuli
problemebis gamwvaveba orive mxarisTvis xelsayrel situacias qmnida
saTanado sazogadoebrivi azris Sesaqmnelad.
“aWaris avtonomias da centralur xelisuflebas Soris
winaaRmdegobrivi, xandaxan ki metad mwvave urTierToba qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobisa da demokratiis erT-erTi mwvave problemaa, _ wers daviT
darCiaSvili narkvevSi “saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi da regionebi” (naSromi
Sesrulebulia saqarTveloSi demokratiuli mSeneblobis ZiriTadi tendenciebis Semajamebeli
saeqsperto proeqtis farglebSi, _ l.k.), _ es winaaRmdegobebi separatizmis
kvalifikacias namdvilad ar imsaxurebs. saamisod mas mTavari komponenti _
nacionalizmi aklia. dapirispireba mmarTveli elitebis donezea, mas ar axlavs
sazogadoebis mobilizacia eTnikuri an konfesiuri ideebis doneze. magram
isic aSkaraa, rom aWara ar erideba saqarTvelos konstituciasTan
winaaRmdegobaSi Sesvlas.” (16, 18)
miuxedavad imisa, rom aWarasTan mimarTebaSi presaSi gvxvdeboda termini
_ “separatistuli regioni” an _ “aWaruli separatizmi”, bunebrivia, igi ar iyo
afxazuri da osuri separatizmis tolfasi viTarebis gamomxatveli. Tumc,
samive am regionis xelisuflebas aerTianebda ruseTTan mimarTebis faqtori.
rogorc daviT darCiaSvilic aRniSnavs zemoT damowmebul naSromSi, “aWaris
avtonomiis lideri xazgasmiT ruseTis erTgulia, riTac aSkarad
upirispirdeba Tbilisis prodasavlur kurss.” (16, 81)
aWaris Temis dominireba presaSi ar Semoifargleba mxolod operatiuli
sainformacio sababebiTa da arsebuli viTarebis analiziT; publikaciebSi
ikveTeba bolo wlebSi centrsa da regions Soris urTierTobis Camoyalibebis
procesi da Sedegad miRebuli modeli, romelic fons qmnis aWaraSi
ganviTarebuli movlenebis logikuri axsnisTvis:
pirveli konfliqti prezident zviad gamsaxurdiasa da mis mierve
daniSnul aslan abaSiZes Soris 1991 wlisTvis warmoiqmna. maSin xelisufleba
Tbilissa da baTumSi erTnairad myife iyo da rom ara 1991-1992 wlebis
cnobili movlenebi, SesaZloa, abaSiZis mmarTvelobas seriozuli problemebi
Seqmnoda;
1992-1995 wlebSi afxazeTSi damarcxebul da dasavleT saqarTveloSi
gamsaxurdias momxreebTan mebrZol xelisuflebas abaSiZisTvis aRar ecala da
swored am periodSi moipova man absoluturi Zalaufleba aWaraSi;
saqarTvelos Zveli xelisufleba, iseve rogorc axlandeli,
dainteresebuli iyo gaekontrolebina baTumis porti da sarfis sabaJo, anu

169
abaSiZis xelisuflebisa da siZlieris mTavari sayrdeni. amisTvis iribi
zewolis formebs mimarTes (magaliTad, prioritetis miniWeba foTis
portisTvis), magram amgvar formebs aWaris xelisufleba maincadamainc ar
dauzaralebia; amitomac, Tbilissa da baTums Soris urTierTobam politikuri
TamaSis saxe miiRo; prezidenti SevardnaZe jer abaSiZis xelisuflebas da
“aRorZinebas” abalansebda “moqkavSireli” reformatorebiT, Semdgom ukve
“aRorZinebiT” abalansebda opoziciaSi gadasul Tanagundelebs;
“vardebis revoluciisas” abaSiZis “desantma” ver gadaarCina centraluri
xelisufleba, samagierod, amgvarma aqtiurobam da aWaraSi arsebuli viTarebis
SenarCunebis amocanam gaaRrmava konfliqti centrsa da regions Soris; ufro
metic, faqtobrivad, man miiRo saxelmwifos ganviTarebis or SesaZlo
mimarTulebas Soris msoflmxedvelobrivi konfliqtis xasiaTi.
“Coloqis incidentma saxeli daarqva wlebis manZilze Camoyalibebul
problemas da naTelyo, rom “SeuZlebelia adamianebi cxovrobdnen erT
saxelmwifoSi da erTdroulad ori sxvadasxva sistemis pirobebSi”. (“24 saaTi”,
19.03.2004)
aWara erTgvari testi gaxda, romelmac gamoamJRvna: saqarTvelos axali
xelisuflebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, rogorc sagareo, ise saSinao
frontze; faruli da afiSirebuli Sida brZolebi Tu sagareo konfrontacia;
sazogadoebis erTsulovnebisa da saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris faqtori.
SevecdebiT Tanmimdevrulad ganvixiloT aWarasTan dakavSirebuli da aWaraSi
ganviTarebuli procesebi. pirvel rigSi, SevexebiT orive mxaris _ centrisa da
regionis, ufro konkretulad, mixeil saakaSvilisa da aslan abaSiZis
pozicias, motivacias, urTierTmimarTebas.
aslan abaSiZis damokidebuleba “vardebis revoluciis”, eduard
SevardnaZisa da axali xelisuflebis mimarT presis publikaciebSi zogadad
ase yalibdeba:
aSS-m eduard SevardnaZeEaiZula gadamdgariyo da saqarTvelos
xelisuflebaSi “demokratebi” moiyvana; saqarTveloSi ruseTisa da aSS-is
interesebi erTmaneTs Seejaxa; amaSi SevardnaZea damnaSave, radgan mas rom
erTi politikuri xazi gaetarebina, Tavis adgilze darCeboda; saqarTvelos
yofili prezidentis aTwlianma TamaSma qveyana savalalo Sedegebamde miiyvana;
saqarTvelos mosaxleoba male gamofxizldeba; es axali reJimi ufro swrafad
da uaresad dasruldeba, vidre wina.

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 amasTan, presaSi Cndeba “mesiji aWaridan” _ rom aslan abaSiZisaTvis
axali xelisuflebidan yvelaze kompromisuli varianti zurab JvaniasTan
molaparakebaa, mixeil saakaSvilis “politikuri ena” ki “aRorZinebas” ar esmis.
jer kidev saprezidento arCevnebis wina dReebSi mixeil saakaSvilma
mkafiod gamoxata Tavisi pozicia aWaris mimarT: me ar davuSveb, rom
saqarTveloSi iyos ori mTavarsardali; me mzad var wavide daTmobaze, magram
daTmoba ar moxdeba saxelmwifoebriobis xarjze. (“axali Taoba”, 03.01.2004);
xolo safrangeTSi vizitad myofi mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadeba (qarTul
diasporiasTan Sexvedrisas) imis Taobaze, rom igi ver moiTmens “feodalebis
ukmayofilo burtyuns” da aWaraSi sruli kontrolis damyarebas apirebs
(xvalindeli dRe, 10.03.2004), mkafio “mesiji” iyo ara mxolod aslan abaSiZisa
da aWarisaTvis, aramed, afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis separatistuli
xelisuflebisTvisac.
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom aslan abaSiZis dauyovnebliv vizits
ruseTSi da mis gasaidumloebul Sexvedrebs afxazeTisa da e.w. samxreT oseTis
separatistul xelmZRvanelobasTan, mediaSi ZiriTadad orgvari tipis
gamoxmaureba mohyva: erTi _ rom es aris ruseTis Sorsgamiznuli scenaris
nawili _ saqarTvelodan aWaris CamoSorebis mcdeloba da, saboloo jamSi,
saqarTvelos danawevreba; meore _ ruseTis faqtors aslan abaSiZe
iyenebsE”savaWro Temad”, rom avtonomiis SigniTac Seqmnas Sesabamisi ganwyoba
da centrisa da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis winaSec moaxdinos Tavisi
SesaZleblobebis demonstrireba. am vizits maSinve mohyva pirveli Sedegi _
2004 wlis 9 dekembers, ruseTis federaciam aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis
mcxovrebTaTvis calmxrivi gadawyvetilebiT aamoqmeda savizo mimosvlis
gamartivebuli reJimi.
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, pirvel rigSi, gamoikveTa konkretuli
problema _ momaval saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebTan aWaris
mimarTeba. presaSi ikveTeba mosazreba, rom Tu arCevnebSi aWara monawileobas
ar miiRebs, maSin arCevnebi kanongareSea. aslan abaSiZem scada arCevnebis Tema
maqsimalurad gamoeyenebina manipulirebisa da manevrirebisTvis. erTis mxriv,
igi acxadebda, rom axal xelisuflebas legitimurad ar Tvlis da maT ar
eqvemdebareba; meores mxriv, presis versiiT, abaSiZe satelefono saubarSi
Jvanias gaurigda, rom aWaris mosaxleoba saprezidento arCevnebSi
monawileobas im SemTxvevaSi miiRebs, Tu saparlamento arCevnebi
gazafxulisTvis gadaideba. mogvianebiT, heidar alievis dakrZalvaze baqoSi
myofma aslan abaSiZem ganacxada, rom boikots ucxadebs arCevnebs. ukanasknel

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wuTebSi igi erTgvar demonstraciul kompromisze wavida, roca saprezidento
arCevnebis boikotireba gadaifiqra da saarCevno ubanze gamocxadda.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg moskovSi aslan abaSiZis morigi viziti presaSi
Sefasda, rogorc sakuTari xelisuflebis gadarCenis mcdeloba. ruseTis
dedaqalaqidan gacxadebuli abaSiZis pozicia ufro mkveTri da Tamami iyo: misi
gancxadebiT, saqarTvelos axali xelisufleba cdilobs socialur-
ekonomikuri problemebidan xalxis yuradRebis gadatanas aWaris regionze.
aslan abaSiZe Seqmnil situacias 1992 wlis identurs uwodebs. sagulisxmoa
misi miniSneba yarsis xelSekrulebaze, “romlis Tanaxmadac, saqarTvelosa da
aWaras Soris arsebuli yvela winaaRmdegoba aWaris parlamentis
gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad unda mogvardes.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 16.01.2004)
amasTan, presis varaudiT, aslan abaSiZe angariSs uwevs im faqtors, rom
misi yofna-aryofnis sakiTxi, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis garda, moskovsa da
vaSingtons Soris konsultaciebzecaa damokidebuli; amitom igi ukan dasaxev
gzasac itovebs da acxadebs, rom aWara aucileblad miiRebs monawileobas 28
martis arCevnebSi, vinaidan aWara saqarTvelos ganuyofeli nawilia.
presaSi, aseve, vxvdebiT mosazrebas, rom aslan abaSiZem alRo auRo jer
SevardnaZis, Semdeg saakaSvilis mmarTvelobas; igi aravis gulisTvis ar
apirebs centrTan urTierTobis gafuWebas _ akaki CxaiZesac Tmobs da levan
mamalaZesac. (“alia”, 17.01.2004)
paralelurad, presis publikaciebSi (saTaurebSic!) Cndeba miniSneba
aWaraSi revoluciuri suliskveTebis gaCenisa da “revoluciaSi gadazrdis”
safrTxeze: “aWaraSi minirevolucia mwifdeba”, “aWaraSi erTi wiTeli vardi
ukve Segdebulia”, “vardebis revoluciis eqsporti baTumSi”, “baTumis
universitetis kedlebze warwera _ “kmara” gaCnda” da a.S. presaSi gaCnda
publikaciebi, romlebSic aWaris warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad, erTi da igive
pirovnebebi) gmoben aslan abaSiZis qmedebebs. amgvar ganwyobas inteligenciis
saxeliT axmovaneben aWaris universitetis profesorebi mixeil maxaraZe da
nugzar mgelaZe.
mixeil maxaraZe: “aWaris mosaxleoba Zalian saRad azrovnebs, isini ar
CaerTvnen ZmaTamkvlel omSi, romliskenac abaSiZe ubiZgebda, maT eSiniaT
Tavisufali azris gamoxatvis... abaSiZeExelisuflebis SesanarCuneblad
sisxlisRvrasac ar moerideba.” (“axali Taoba”, 13.12.2003)
nugzar mgelaZe: “...misi es nabijebi Cveni kuTxis gankerZoebisaken mimavali
gegmis nawilia... marTalia, xalxi aq xmas ar iRebs, magram vici, rom
sazogadoebis didi nawili am politikur svlebs, romelsac “aRorZineba”

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axorcielebs, mxars ar uWers... im gzas, romelzedac abaSiZe axla saubrobs,
SeuZlebelia qarTuli cnobierebis adamianma mxari dauWiros.” (“axali versia”,
15.12.2003)
2004 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg aWaraSi mosalodneli
revoluciuri cvlilebebis aqcenti presaSi kidev ufro gaZlierda:
“saqarTvelos axali xelisuflebis mTavari politikuri “Setyobineba” ukve ase
JRers _ “kmara aslan abaSiZis parpaSi!” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 08.01.2004); “aWaris
soflebSi xelisuflebaze SetevisTvis emzadebian” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.01.204);
“abaSiZe da misi reJimi atavizmia” (“24 saaTi”, 16.01.2004); “yinuli daiZra” da
aWaraSi opoziciuri sociumi amoZravda” (“dilis gazeTi”, 16.01.204); “revolucia
dinjad, magram saocrad droulad miiwevs aWarisaken.” (”xvalindeli dRe”,
22.01.2004)
aWaris Taobaze politologebis, politikosebis, fsiqologebis da a.S
mosazrebebSi gvxvdeba am Temisadmi frTxili damokidebuleba: rom, SesaZloa,
aWaraSi “kmaras” gaaqtiureba naadrevi iyos, iq jer amisaTvis niadagi ar aris
Semzadebuli; rom “vardebis revolucia”, Tbilisisagan gansxvavebiT, aWaraSi
ufro dramatulad ganviTardeba; rom axal xelisuflebas aWariT ar unda
daewyo, radgan amas gamoZaxili mohyveba soxumSi; aWaris problema afxazeTis
problemis Semdeg unda mogvardes.
saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg presam ukve aslan abaSiZis SesaZlo
Semcvlelze daiwyo msjeloba. presaSi gaCnda mesijebi: “aWarulma sakiTxma”
“nacionalebsa” da “demokratebs” Soris arsebuli bzari gamoaCina”; “Jvaniasa
da saakaSvilis gundebs Soris, aWaris lideris savarZlis sababiT, skandali
mwifdeba”; “Jvania surmaniZes abaSiZis adgilisTvis amzadebs” da a.S. “aWaraSi
sazogadoeba ukve samad aris gaxleCili _ aslan abaSiZis, daviT
berZeniSvilisa da edvard surmaniZis mxardamWerebi”, _ wers “xvalindeli dRe”
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 27.01.2004) ufro zusti iqneba Tu vityviT, rom _ oTxad,
vinaidan edvard surmaniZis xelmZRvanelobiT Camoyalibebuli axali
organizacia “demokratiuli aWara” (zurab Jvanias TanadgomiT), faqtobrivad,
daupirispirda revoluciuri xelisuflebis mier “nacionalebis” rezerviT
Seqmnil moZraobas _ “Cveni aWara”, romelic mxars uWerda aWaris SesaZlo
lideris kidev erT kandidats, foTis portis xelmZRvanels, jemal inaSvils.
gacilebiT ufro faruli da saxifaTo dapirispireba gamoamJRavna e.w.
“Coloqis incidentma”; rogorc “alia” aRniSnavda, “Coloqi simbolurad
amerika-ruseTis samxedro dapirispirebis poligoni” gaxda. (“alia”, 18.03.2004).
presis publikaciebis mixedviT, es fraza ar aris mxolod Jurnalisturi

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ganwyoba da arc aWara iyo mxolod simboluri poligoni. ColoqTan Seqmnili
eqstremaluri situacia (specrazmTan erTad aWarisken mimaval saqarTvelos
prezidents aWaris sazRvarTan, ColoqTan, Caxergili gza da abaSiZis
SeiaraRebuli momxreebi gadaeRobnen), erTis mxriv, mosalodnelic iyo, magram,
meore mxriv, erTgvarad daCqarebuli, fataluri Sedegis didi albaTobiT.
presaSi bunebrivad gaCnda kiTxvebi: xom ar iyo es seriozuli
SeTqmuleba mixeil saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg; prezidentis CixSi Seyvanis, qveynis
SigniT Tu gareT misi diskreditaciis mcdeloba; vin urCia prezidents aWaraze
forsirebuli Seteva; aWaris ekonomikuri blokada (anu TviTblokada) xom ar
iyo provocirebuli trasekas proeqtisa da saqarTvelos politikuri
imijisTvis safrTxis Sesaqmnelad.
am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemas isev presa cdilobs. ikveTeba ramdenime
mosazreba: prezidenti SecdomaSi Seiyvanes araswori informaciebiT; bokeria
da berZeniSvilebi saakaSvils aWaraze Setevas urCevdnen; prezidentis aCqareba,
SesaZloa, koba xabazsac emyarebodes, romelic msubuqad warmoudgenda mas
baTumSi arsebul viTarebas” (dilis gazeTi, 16,17.03.2004; axali Taoba, 18.03.2004);
“vin daexmara prezidents Tavi gaeSarJebina msoflio sazogadoebriobis
TvalSi _ sakuTari qmedebebi Tu premier-ministri, romelic iSviaTad Tua
saakaSvilis politikis bolomde gamtarebeli.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 18.03.2004);
“erT-erTi versiiT, saakaSvilis politikuri gabiTurebis gegma unda
SeemuSavebina misive TanamebrZol zurab Jvanias, romelic abaSiZesTan ufro
axloa, vidre saakaSvili.” (“axali Taoba”, 18.03.2004)
“jorjian Taimsi” yuradRebas amaxvilebs saakaSvilis frazaze _
“gadawyvetileba gvian Rame miviRe”; aviTarebs versias, rom, SesaZloa, baTumis
da saakaSvilis moqmedeba erTidaigive pirvelwyarodan iyo inicirebuli da
askvnis, rom “msgavsi sainformacio operaciis Catareba da kvalis dafarva
SesaZlebelia mxolod saxelmwifo struqturebSi seriozuli poziciebis
flobis SemTxvevaSi.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 25.03.2004)
im seriozul safrTxeze, rac SeiZleba ColoqTan warmoSobil situacias
mohyoloda, msjelobda ara mxolod qarTuli, aramed ucxouri presac. gaCnda
paralelebi afxazeTTan, miniSneba “samoqalaqo omis” SesaZleblobaze (rusul
mediaSi), rusuli Carevis safrTxeze, amerikis SeSfoTebaze... “prezidentma
saakaSvilma Tanamdebobaze mosvlidan ori Tvis Semdeg inicireba gaukeTa
Tavis pirvel kriziss”, _ aRniSnavda “niu-iork Taimsi”. (“rezonansi”, 19.03.2004)
am fonze miT ufro mniSvnelovania is gamoxmaureba, romelic krizisis
daZlevas mohyva: “mixeil saakaSvilis triumfaluri svla Coloqidan

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baTumamde”; “saakaSvilma “aWaruli gamocda” xuTze Caabara”; “telekompania
“evroniusma” saakaSvilis guSindel molaparakebebs pirveli seriozuli
gamarjveba uwoda prezidentad arCevis Semdeg.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 19.03.2004);
“prezidentma saxelmwifoebrivi gadawyvetileba miiRo da konfliqti
mSvidobianad moagvara”; “Coloqi _ xelovnuri rubikoni gadalaxulia”
(“mTavari gazeTi”, 19.03.2004); “vardebis revoluciaze aranakleb mniSvnelovani
gamarjveba” (“24 saaTi”, 19.03.2004); “es iyo saakaSvilis gamarjveba angariSiT 2:1”;
“saqarTvelom bewvis xidze gaiara” (“kviris palitra”, 22.03.204); “Zalian mokle
droSi saqarTvelom orjer gaiara bewvis xidze da Tavidan aicila ZmaTa
sisxlisRvra” (“rezonansi”, 22.03.2004); “foTi-qobuleTis gzaze xalxi
prezidents saxelmwifo droSebiTa da wiTeli vardebiT egebeboda.”
(“komersant.ru”, “kviris palitra”, 22.03.2004)
aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom rusma Jurnalistebmac ver auares gverdi
aWaraSi saqarTvelos prezidentTan mosaxleobis gulTbili Sexvedris faqts
da isic ki aRniSnes, rom “Coloqi Cabarda”. (“ntv”, “gazeta.ru”) rusulma
onlain-gazeTma sagangebod aRniSna Coloqis “sasazRvro punqtis” gadaketvis
miuxedavad, aWaraSi manqaniT Sesvlis faqti, rogorc saakaSvilis
principulobis niSani.
daxurul kars miRma mixeil saakaSvilisa da aslan abaSiZis oTxsaaTiani
dialogis Sedegad miRweul SeTanxmebas, krizisis mSvidobian daZlevasTan
erTad, kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Sedegi mohyva _ aWaris mosaxleobaSi SiSis
sindromis gadalaxva. am fsiqologiurma faqtorma, rogorc Cans, arsebiTi
mniSvneloba iqonia saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegebze.
aWarisaTvis brZolis meore etapi swored saparlamento arCevnebs
ukavSirdeba.
presaSi vxvdebiT aqcents, rom aWaris Temis gaaqtiureba “saarCevno
piaria”. “saakaSvilsa da abaSiZes Soris daZabulobas revoluciis CrdilSi
moxvedrili partiebi saarCevno triukad naTlaven. es xmauri grigaliviT aris
_ midis da Tan eleqtoratis xmebs agrovebs”, _ “alias” analitikuri
publikaciis avtori, qeTi xatiaSvili, partiebis mosazrebas sakuTari
argumentebiTac aZlierebs _ saakaSvils uyvars xmauri da mZvinvareba; es misi
stiqiaa; 2 noembris saarCevno ekonomikuri dapirebebi: mcire biznesis
gadasaxadebisagan gaTavisufleba ori wliT, xelfasebisa da pensiebis
gaormageba _ axla politikurma frazam Secvala _ yvelaferi saqarTvelos
gaerTianebisTvis; aWaris lomTan dapirispirebis fonze politika ufro
aqtualuri xdeba.” (“alia”, 23.03.2004)

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 presaSi musirebda saparlamento arCevnebis dRisTvis aWaraSi situaciis
ukiduresad daZabvis prognozi. amdenad, mTeli saarCevno procesis asaxva
mediaSi aWaris Temis primatiT mimdinareobda. 28 marts, mTeli dRe,
telekompaniebi avrcelebdnen informacias aWaraSi arCevnebis totaluri
gayalbebis Taobaze; saubari iyo imazec, rom TiTqos baTumis quCebSi tankebi
dadioda; amgvari gancxadeba centraluri saarCevno komisiis Tavmjdomaremac
gaavrcela. am fonze, aWaraSi sagangebo vizitiT myofma premier-ministrma
zurab Jvaniam, saRamos, aslan abaSiZesTan TaTbiris Semdeg, “saxeldaxelo
komentari” gaakeTa. man aWaraSi Seqmnil viTarebas normaluri uwoda da
aRniSna “mxolod wvrilmani darRvevebi” (“axali Taoba”, 29.03.2004); “Cveni
mizania, sabolood davusvaT wertili tyuil miTqma-moTqmas”, _ aRniSna
Jvaniam.” (“rezonansi”, 29.03.2004) JvaniasTan erTad aslan abaSiZis mier
gakeTebul gancxadebaSi figurirebda informacia, rom zurab Jvaniam
prezidents daureka dezinformaciis Sewyvetis TxovniT. “ar SeiZleba
dezinformaciebze aigos gancxadebebi. arian Zalebi, romelTac simSvide xels
ar aZlevT. yvelaze Zalian aWaris xelisuflebas unda, rom aq, aWaraSi
arCevnebi maRal doneze Catardes”, _ ganacxada aslan abaSiZem. (“axali Taoba”,
“rezonansi”, 29.03.2004) presas SeumCneveli ar darCenia Seusabamoba aWaraSi
mosalodnel viTarebas, arCevnebis dRes gavrcelebul sagangaSo informaciebsa
da zurab Jvanias mier baTumidan gakeTebul gancxadebas Soris.
wlebis manZilze saxelisuflebo partiis mTavar konkurentad da bevri
sxva partiis “politikur lokomotivad” miCneuli “aRorZinebis” darCenas
parlaments miRma, da am faqtis “uxmaurod” datovebas, presaSi daaxloebiT
aseTi rezonansi mohyva: arCevnebis CaSla arc aslan abaSiZes awyobda; igi
flobda informacias mosalodneli gamanadgurebeli damarcxebis Sesaxeb,
amitomac, winaswar iWerda Tadarigs da arCevnebs TavisTvis umniSvnelos
uwodebda; abaSiZem arCia daeTmo “aRorZineba” xelisuflebis SenarCunebis
sanacvlod.
saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad “aRorZinebis” gasvlas saxelisuflebo
avanscenidan ucxouri mediac gamoexmaura. britanuli “gardiani” am faqts
saqarTvelos axalgazrda prezidentis gamarjvebad miiCnevs: “rodesac cnobili
gaxda, rom meamboxe aWaraSi problemurma arCevnebma mSvidobianad Caiara da
avtonomiis lideri maTi Sedegebis kanonierebaze daTanxmda, cxadi gaxda, rom
saqarTvelos axalma prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma karieris pirveli
msxvili politikuri krizisis gadalaxva SeZlo.” (“gardiani”, 29.03.2004) rusuli
“izvestia”, piriqiT, arCevnebis Sedegs aslan abaSiZisTvis xelsayrelad

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warmoaCens: “parlamentis mandatebis SewirviT da imis moxerxebiT, rom
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas aWaraSi viTarebis provocirebis saSualeba ar
misca, abaSiZem araTu xelisufleba SeinarCuna, aramed viTareba Tavis
sasargeblodac Semoabruna.” (“izvestia”, 30.03.2004)
diametralurad gansxvavebul Sefasebebs qarTul presaSic vxvdebiT:
“28 marts... logikur dasasrulamde mivida noembris liberaluri
revolucia”; “Zalian didi roli Seasrula aWaris movlenebma... saqarTvelos
politikur scenaze abaSiZisa da misi “aRorZinebis” faqtori aRar arsebobs.”
(“24 saaTi”, 29.03.2004)
“aslan abaSiZes SeeZlo arCevnebis gayalbeba (uares SemTxvevaSi, CaSla).
amisTvis mas seriozuli berketebi hqonda, magram... man seriozuli politikuri
nabiji gadadga da dainteresebul sazogadoebas daanaxa, rom is aris regionis
lideri.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 30.03.204)
presis SefasebebSi yuradReba maxvildeba aWaraSi arCevnebis procesisa
da Sedegis politikur faqtorze; publikaciaTa umetesobaSi swored esaa
mTavari kriteriumi da meore planzea aWaraSi arCevnebis samarTlianad
Catareba-arCatarebis momenti. sainteresoa, rom saerTaSoriso damkvirvebelTa
Sefasebebi ufro delikaturia, vidre adgilobrivebis. euTo-s damkvirvebelTa
misiebis xelmZRvanelebma aRniSnes, rom aWaris xelisuflebas ar ucdia
demokratiuli arCevnebisTvis aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmna.
arasamTavrobo organizacia “arCevnebisa da mmarTvelobis institutis”
direqtorma nugzar ivaniZem “xvalindel dResTan” interviuSi ganacxada, rom
gaurkvevelia, is Sedegebi, romelic aWaridan Camova, “es iqneba aWarlebis neba,
Tu centrsa da regionis meTaurs Soris Semdgari molaparakebis produqti.”
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 31.03.2004) aWaraSi arCevnebis Sedegi, molodinis
sawinaaRmdegod, ar gauprotestebiaT aslan abaSiZesa da “aRorZinebas”; Tumc,
rusul sainformacio sivrceSi gaiJRera aqcentma, rom aslan abaSiZem
saqarTvelos prezidenti arCevnebis falsifikaciis mcdelobaSi daadanaSaula.
saparlamento arCevnebSi “aRorZinebis” damarcxebisa da aslan abaSiZis
erTgvari kompromisis fonze, aWaris Temis intensioba presaSi unda
Semcirebuliyo, magram ase ar momxdara; piriqiT, presis aqcentebis mixedviT,
aWara axali xelisuflebis sagareo aqtivobis arealSic xvdeba.
2004 wlis aprilSi, prezident mixeil saakaSvilisa da premierministr
zurab Jvanias vizitebi ukrainasa da aSS-Si, iqca im faqtorebad, romelmac
gamokveTa ara mxolod sagareo, aramed saSinao politikis ganmsazRvreli
orientirebi. pirvel rigSi, vgulisxmobT aWaris problemas. saerTaSoriso

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damokidebulebis faqtori, rogorc Cans, arsebiTad gansazRvravda rogorc
centraluri, aseve regionis xelisuflebis nabijebs Semdgomi urTierTobisken.
aWaris liderTan uTanxmoebis warmoqmnisTanave saqarTvelos axalgazrda
xelisuflebas yvelaze aqtiurad evrosabWosa da euTo-s eqspertebi uwevdnen
konsultaciebs, Tumc, rogorc “mTavari gazeTi” aRniSnavs, “beberi
kontinentis” tradiciulma liberalizmma Tbiliss misaRebi Sedegi ver
moutana. ruseTis, evropisa da amerikis daaxloebiT erTnairma poziciam,
romelic dialogis gziT dapirispirebis mogvarebas aniWebda upiratesobas,
xelisuflebas alternatiuli meTodebis mosinjva STaagona.” (“mTavari gazeTi”,
28.04.2004)
aSS-Si zurab Jvanias vizitis warmatebasa Tu warumateblobas presa
swored aslan abaSiZesTan dakavSirebiT amerikis poziciis Camoyalibebas
ukavSirebs. “aSS-Si vizitad myofi premieri Jvania ZiriTad yuradRebas swored
aWaris avtonomiasa da mis liderze amaxvilebs da cdilobs vaSingtoni
daarwmunos, rom aslan abaSiZe, “SevardnaZis xelisuflebis gadmonaSTi” da
“narko-trefikingis mamamTavari”, “korufciis winaaRmdeg mebrZol” axal
xelisuflebas seriozul problemebs uqmnis da, rogorc Cans, amerikis
oficialuri wreebisagan specoperaciis Catarebis “nebarTvas” iRebs.”
(“xvalindeli dRe”, 29.04.2004) presaSi sxvaganac gvxvdeba aseTi varaudi _
amerika, aWaris sakiTxis mSvidobiani mogvarebisken mowodebis garda, ar
gamoricxavs maT mier gawvrTnili batalionebis gamoyenebas saWiroebisamebr,
qveynis SigniT arsebuli viTarebis mosagvareblad. presis prognoziT, amgvari,
Tundac Teoriuli Sansi, saerTaSoriso mxardaWeris deficiti, mis winaaRmdeg
arsebuli wamgebiani sainformacio foni, aslan abaSiZisTvis marTlac SeiZleba
iqces Semdgomi kompromisis sababad.
Tavis mxriv, aslan abaSiZe aqtiurad iyenebs “yarsis kozirs” da ara
mxolod ruseTs, TurqeTsac axsenebs am xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul
valdebulebebs. rusulma sainformacio saagento “interfaqsma” gaavrcela
interviu aslan abaSiZesTan. aWaris lideri Riad mouwodebs ruseTs, rom aseT
viTarebaSi man ubralod ki ar unda daicvas aWara, aramed valdebulia es
gaakeTos. abaSiZis TqmiT, “arsebobs yarsis SeTanxmeba, romelic Turqul
mxares avaldebulebs aWara daicvas. yarsamde iyo moskovis xelSekruleba,
romelic ruseTs imaves akisrebda.” (“dilis gazeTi”, 13.03.2004)
bunebrivia, am fonze presaSi gaaqtiurda yarsis xelSekrulebis Tema,
romlis komentirebisTvis Jurnalistebma iuristebs, istorikosebsa da
politologebs mimarTes. maTi mosazrebebi ase jgufdeba: erTni Tvlian, rom

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xelSekruleba ukve Zaladakargulia, meoreni _ rom mainc angariSgasawevia,
oRondac im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aWaris avtonomiis gauqmebis sakiTxi dadgeba.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis profesoris, levan matariZis komentariT,
ruseTi yarsis xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifo ar aris, igi
molaparakebis monawilea; ruseTs, yarsis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, aranairi
valdebuleba da movaleoba ar miuRia da wesiT, mas aWarasTan aranairi
valdebuleba-movaleobani ar akavSirebs; aWaris avtonomiis statusi, yarsis
xelSekrulebis mixedviT, bevrad ufro sxvanairad gamoiyureba, vidre
sinamdvileSia _ igi gulisxmobs ara erovnul-teritoriul avtonomias, aramed
administraciul, anu kulturul da religiur avtonomias; TurqeTis mxares
SeuZlia moiTxovos aWaris avtonomiis dacva, Tu masze uars vityviT, oRondac
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli avtonomiis farglebSi; xelSekruleba ki ar
iTvaliswinebda parlaments, umaRles sabWos, prezidents... yarsis
xelSekruleba uvadoa da saqarTvelosa da TurqeTs aqvT misi denonsaciis
ufleba, magram sakiTxavia, am SemTxvevaSi daTanxmdeba Tu ara TurqeTi
saqarTvelosTvis aWaris dabrunebas; es saxifaTo perspeqtivaa. (“dilis
gazeTi”, 26.03.2004)
yarsis Temas ruseTic aaqtiurebs. “1921 wlis ruseT-TurqeTis moskovis
xelSekrulebis mixedviT, ruseTs SeuZlia aWaras saerTaSoriso subieqtis
statusi mianiWos”, _ acxadebs dsT-is qveynebis institutis xelmZRvaneli
mixail aleqsandrovi. (“jorjian Taimsi”, 18.03.2004) amasTan, presa, “baTumur
wyaroebze” dayrdnobiT, avrcelebs informaciebs, rom qobuleTis sanapiroze
rusi samxedroebi gamoCndnen; rom baTumis aeroportidan carieli sabrZolo
TviTmfrinavi afrinda da naSuaRamevs SeiaraRebuli samxedroebiT datvirTuli
ukan dabrunda; rom “baTumis rusul samxedro bazaze samxedro wrTvnebi
daiwyo”; rom baTumis portSi Sevida da gadmoitvirTa rusuli gemi, romelic
sabrZolo teqnikiTa da cecxlsasroli iaraRiT iyo savse”. (xvalindeli dRe”,
12.03.2004; “rezonansi”, 17.03.2004) Coloqis incidentamde aWaraSi saqarTvelos
vizis gareSeECamovida moskovis meri iuri luJkovi; mkveTrad antiqarTuli
ganwyobis rusi deputatebi _ andrei savelievi da viktor alqsnisi ColoqTan
SeiaraRebul mosaxleobas Sexvdnen da isini “gmirebad” gamoacxades.
meore mxriv, presa ganixilavs amerikasTan dakavSirebul aspeqtebs.
“mTavari gazeTi” aviTarebs versias, rom “prorusuli aWaruli anklavis moSla
okeanis miRma daigegma... saWiro iyo iseTi fonis Seqmna, romelic abaSiZis
xelisuflebis ruseTTan absolutur damokidebulebas gaaSiSvlebda da
politikuri arenidan prorusuli struqturis etapobrivi CamoSoreba

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daiwyeboda... aSS-is saxelmwifo departamentis gancxadebis “mesijebi”: mowodeba
mSvidobisaken _ aslan abaSiZis sayuradRebod, miniSneba amerikelebis mier
gawvrTnil “komandosebsa” da pankisis warmatebul operaciaze _ ruseTisTvis;
“Sida frontze” Tbiliss baTumTan “omi” faqtobrivad mogebuli aqvs,
amerikelebma ician, rom axla “sagareo frontis” gaxsnis droa.” (“mTavari
gazeTi”, 19.03.2004) amave gazeTis mixedviT, arsebobs sapirispiro versiac _
romlis mixedviTac amerikelebi aWaris movlenebis gamo faqtis winaSe dadgnen
da sajarod pozicia imitom daafiqsires, rom saqarTvelos sagareo imiji
SeenarCunebinaT. magram es versia eWvs iwvevs Tundac imis gamo, rom
daujerebelia qveyanaSi, sadac situacias kargad akontrolebdnen, amerikul
diplomatias faqtis winaSe daeyenebina Tavi.
“Coloqis krizisze” TurqeTis “meoradi” gamoxmaurebac aSS-sTan
kavSirdeba. situaciis gamwvavebisas aslan abaSiZe da misi mxardamWerebi kidev
erTxel Seecadnen Tbilisze “Turquli TemiT” moexdinaT zewola. sapasuxod,
TurqeTis sagareo saqmeTa ministrma gaakeTa oficialuri gancxadeba, rom
ankara mxars uWers saqarTvelos centraluri xelisuflebis kurss da yvelam
pativi unda sces saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas. Cveulebrivi
diplomatiuri formatis mqone am gancxadebis fonze Sokismagvari efeqti
moaxdina azerbaijanSi TurqeTis elCis gancxadebam imis Taobaze, rom
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi TurqeTi samxedro kontigents Seiyvans aWaris
teritoriaze. presaSi vxvdebiT informacias, rom rusebma es gancxadeba
miiCnies amerikelebTan SeTanxmebulad da saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
samxedro mxardaWeris tolfasad.
rac Seexeba ruseT-saqarTvelos oficialur urTierTmimarTebas: ruseTis
prezidentma vladimir putinma 27 marts, soWSi gamarTul brifingze,
mniSvnelovani yuradReba dauTmo saqarTvelos. misi gancxadebebi aSkarad
megobruli xasiaTis iyo. ruseTis prezidenti amtkicebda, rom araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar Caereva saqarTvelos saSinao saqmeebSi da, aseve, gamoricxavda
aWaris problemis mogvarebaSi Carevas. ybadaRebuli yarsis xelSekruleba
putinmac moiSvelia ruseTis poziciebis gansamtkiceblad _ prezidentma
aRniSna, rom ruseTi am xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis erT-erTi garanticaa.
putinis am gancxadebebs win uZRoda prezident mixeil saakaSvilis mier
madlierebis gamoxatva moskovisa da piradad prezident putinisadmi _ aWaris
movlenebis gamo saqarTvelos mimarT dakavebuli poziciisTvis.
iurist daviT usufaSvilis komentariT, “amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
SevardnaZesac imave pirobas uyenebda. ruseTTan urTierTobis gamwvaveba maT

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dResac iseve ar aZlevT xels, rogorc adre. amerikasTan megobruli
urTierToba swored ruseTTan urTierTobis mSvidobiani mogvarebis gzaze
gadis.” (“kviris palitra”, 22.03.2004)
rogorc vxedavT, aWaris problema presaSi ar ganixileba mxolod
Sidasaxelmwifoebriv sakiTxad; saqarTvelos sagareo veqtorebisa da
prioritetebis gansazRvrisas aRar dgas alternativa _ aSS Tu ruseTi? axali
xelisuflebis mTavari amocanaa erTmaneTs warmatebiT Seuxamos sagareo
politikis sami ZiriTadi veqtori _ evropaSi integracia, ruseTTan
keTilmezobloba da amerikasTan sanimuSo partnioroba.
*
saqarTvelos parlamentis arCevis Semdeg saqarTvelos axali
xelisufleba dadga arCevanis winaSeE_ an unda daabrunos aWara saqarTvelos
sakonstitucio sivrceSi (rac abaSiZis Zalauflebis dasasruls niSnavs), an
SenarCundes wlebis ganmavlobaSi arsebuli orxelisuflebianoba, anu ormagi
sakonstitucio sivrce (rac miuRebelia mixeil saakaSvilisTvis).
aprilSi, sainformacio veli sakmaod gajerda agresiuli, Zalismieri
qmedebis momaswavebeli sagazeTo saTaurebiTa da mesijebiT: “aWaraSi
specoperacia dagegmilia” (“xvalindeli dRe”); “omi?! sabrZolo operaciis ra
sqemas xazaven samxedroebi aWaris Sturmis SemTxvevaSi” (“alia” pirvel
gverdze aqveynebs “sabrZolo rukas”); “cxaddeba sagangebo mdgomareoba”,
“aWaraSi specoperaciebis Catareba igegmeba” (“jorjian Taimsi”) da a.S.
amasTan, presaSi erTmaneTis paralelurad viTardeba provokaciuli
aqcentebi da konstruqciuli dialogisken mimarTuli gancxadebebi da orive
mxare arc Tu iSviaTad imowmebs mediis mier gavrcelebul informacias.
aWarasTan dakavSirebul mravalricxovan publikaciebSi, ikveTeba ori
mTavari aspeqti; erTi, rom centrsa da regions Soris dapirispirebis
gamwvaveba aZlierebs umarTavi procesebis ganviTarebis, permanentuli
dapirispirebis, procesebSi ruseTis arapirdapiri CarTvis da a.S safrTxes;
meores mxriv, ikveTeba xelisuflebis, piradad prezidentis pozicia, rom
es aris ara centrsa da regions Soris Seqmnili problema, aramed,
dapirispireba aWaris mmarTvel klanTan; mixeil saakaSvilis gancxadebiT, Tu
aslan abaSiZe ganiaraRdeba, aWaraSi demokratiuli procesebi daiwyeba. (“kviris
palitra”, 12.04.2004) igrZnoba, rom xelisuflebis strategiaa problemis
gadatana pirovnul aspeqtSi.
am fonze, gazeT “24 saaTSi” qveyndeba saqarTvelos prezidentis
komentari, romelSic igi ar gamoricxavs Zalismier moqmedebas: “provokaciebs
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ar wamovegebiT. Cven rodis ra nabijebs gadavdgamT, es aravisTan
SesaTanxmebeli ar aris da xelisufleba Tavad miiRebs gadawyvetilebas”, _
acxadebs saakaSvili da ganmartavs, rom Zalis gamoyenebaze xelisufleba
fiqrobs, Tumca, mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi. (“24 saaTi”, 17.04.2004) unda
aRiniSnos, rom, faqtobrivad, es iyo pasuxi aWaris avtonomiis meTauris
qmedebaze, romelmac konfrontaciis gza arCia da uari ganacxada ukanono
SeiaraRebuli formirebebis ganiaraRebaze (aslan abaSiZe: “saxalxo razmelebs
iaraRi manam eqnebaT, sanam saqarTveloSi demokratia ar damyardeba”).
“centralur xelisuflebas aqvs yvela saTanado resursi regionSi
wesrigis dasamyareblad”, _ acxadebdnen aslan abaSiZesTan Sexvedris Semdeg
premier-ministri zurab Jvania da uSiSroebis sabWos mdivani vano merabiSvili.
warumatebeli aRmoCnda saqarTveloSi evrosabWos specialuri
warmomadgenlis plamen nikolovis mcdelobac, romelic ramdenime Tvis
ganmavlobaSi cdilobda mediatoris rolis Sesrulebas.
aWarisaTvis brZolis mesame etapze xelisufleba isev erTdroulad
aaqtiurebs saSinao da sagareo meqanizmebs.
“24 saaTi” iuwyeba: “Cveni aWaris” liderebma aRniSnes, rom prezidentTan
saubris Semdeg opozicia kidev ufro erTiani da koordinirebuli gaxda da
mzadaa aWaraSi masobrivi saprotesto aqciebis dasawyebad. koba xabazis
gancxadebiT, prezidenti abaSiZis winaaRmdeg politikur brZolas gaagrZelebs,
opozicia ki abaSiZes masobrivi saprotesto aqciebiT Seawuxebs.” (24 saaTi,
16.04.2004)
rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso arenaze aqtiurdeba aWaris
Tema narkotikebis konteqstSi:
 “narkomaniisa da narkotikebiT ukanono vaWrobis sawinaaRmdegod
strasburgSi gamarTul Sexvedraze eqspertebma problemuri regionebis
CamonaTvalSi saqarTveloc daasaxeles. narkotranzitis erT-erT cxel
wertilad ki aWara saxeldeba. Tuki dadasturda aWaraSi narkotrafikis
arseboba, maSin gamoricxuli ar aris, am regionSi didZali iaraRis
warmomavlobac swored narkovaWrobas ukavSirdebodes. es Tema ramdenime
dRis win sagareo saqmeTa ministrma salome zurabiSvilmac wamoswia.
Sesabamisad, Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris, ra pozicias daikavebs
dasavleTi aWaris mimarT.” (“axali versia”, 19.04.2004)
 “saqarTvelos Zalovani ministrebis gancxadebiT, cotac da aWaris
xelisufleba kolumbiis narkokartels daemsgavseba. generalur
prokuraturaSi acxadeben, rom narkobiznesis TvalsazrisiT, aWaris
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 avtonomiuri respublika erT-erTi soliduri regionia, sadac xdeba
rogorc narkotikebis gadazidva, ise narkotikebis warmoeba.”
(“rezonansi”, 21.04.2004)
aslan abaSiZem, am kampaniis sapasuxod, centrs daaswro, aWaris
uSiSroebis saministro gaauqma da ganacxada, rom saministros bazaze
antiteroristuli da antinarkotikuli centrebis Seqmnas apirebs.
saqarTvelos parlamentma, aWaraSi Seqmnili mZime kritikuli viTarebis
gamo, specialuri dadgenileba miiRo. “172 deputatis mxardaWerili
dadgenilebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos prezidentma da mTavrobam unda
uzrunvelyon qveynis erTiani konstituciuri sivrcis xelSeuxebloba, aWaris
avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organoebis
mier konstituciur uflebamosilebaTa normaluri ganxorcielebis
SesaZlebloba da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis aRkveTa”; aslan abaSiZem ki
ganacxada, rom “centraluri xelisufleba misi fizikuri ganadgurebis
operacias gegmavs da amgvari safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad ruseTisa da aSS-
is prezidentebs, ruseTis saTaTbirosa da aSS-is kongress mimarTavs da
centrsa da regions Soris konfliqtis mowesrigebis procesSiECarTvisaken
mouwodebs.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, “mTavari gazeTi”, 24.04.2004)
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis pirvelma pirebma baTumis 25-e brigadis
meTauri, generali dumbaZe qveynis mtrad da moRalated gamoacxades; misi
suraTebi prezidentis brZanebiT e.w. samarcxvino boZze gaakres. generlis
dapatimrebis brZaneba saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom gasca da ganaCenis
gamotanidan erT saaTSi es gadawyvetileba mTel rig qveynebs ecnobaT.
“oficialuri Tbilisis aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia general dumbaZis gancxadebam
specialur brifingze, rom is aslan abaSiZes aRiarebs mTavarsardlad da mas
emorCileba. 25-e brigadis TiTqmis mTeli Semadgenloba TbilisSi Camovida da
centralur xelisuflebas daeqvemdebara.” (“axali Taoba”, 25.04.2004)
am faqtma centri-regionis konfrontaciaSi detonatoris roli
Seasrula. avtonomiuri respublikis senatma gadawyvetileba miiRo aWaraSi
komendantis saaTis amoqmedebis Taobaze. 25 aprils cnobili gaxda, rom aWaris
xelisuflebam Coloqis administraciul sazRvarze damatebiTi samxedro
Zalis mobilizeba daiwyo.” (“kviris palitra”, 26.04.2004)
sagento “inter-presi” avrcelebs cnobas baTumSi ramdenime aTeuli rusi
formianis Camosvlis Taobaze. “es xdeba im dros, roca oficialuri moskovi
irwmuneba, aWaris konfliqtSi ruseTi ar Caerevao. Tumca, rusi generaliteti,
maT Soris, cnobili Sovinisti generali alqsnisi putinis sawinaaRmdego

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pozicias aviTarebs da ambobs, rom Tuki aWaraSi dislocirebul rus
samSvidoboebs nebismieri saxiT problemebi SeeqmnebaT, maT cecxlis gaxsnis
ufleba aqvT. alqsnisis am gamosvlas abaSiZisTvis sakeTildReo gagrZeleba
mohyva dumaSic”, _ werda “axali versia”. (“axali versia”, 26.04.2004)
 “Coloqis administraciul sazRvarze daakaves da avtonomiis
teritoriaze ar SeuSves Tbilisidan gagzavnili 60 tona sasuqi. soflis
meurneobis ministri daviT ServaSiZe, romelic piradad miyveboda
tvirTs, amaod eTaTbira ColoqTan misul aWaris ministrTa sabWos
Tavmjdomares rostom jafariZes. abaSiZis xelisuflebam sasuqze uari
Tqva. sasuqis gareSe darCenili maRalmTiani raionebis _ qedis, xulosa
da Suaxevis mosaxleoba ki aprotestebs aWaris xelisuflebis
gadawyvetilebas da avtomagistralebze moZraobis paralizebiT imuqreba.
“Sewydes Coloqizacia” _ am lozungiT saprotesto aqcia moZraoba “Cveni
aWaris” ofisis win gaimarTa. aqciis organizatori opoziciuri moZraobis
mxardamWeri 50-mde qalbatoni iyo. saprotesto aqcia abaSiZis
rezidenciis winac gamarTa stiqiisagan dazaralebulma mravalSvilianma
ojaxma.” (“rezonansi”, 28.04.2004)
 “aWaris meTaurs samxedroebis Semdeg politikuri gundis wevrebic
toveben. baTumis yofili meri aslan smirba abaSiZes ganudga da misi
gancxadebis mixedviT, aWaraSi daumorCileblobis erT-erT liderad unda
mogvevlinos.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 28.04.2004)
 “abaSiZis reJimi nel-nela sustdeba da, Sesabamisad, axlovdeba dro,
rodesac isedac gaWianurebuli “aWaruli krizisi” unda gadawydes.
savaraudod, centralur xelisuflebas abaSiZis winaaRmdeg ori scenari
aqvs: pirveli _ mSvidobiani mini-revolucia, romlis Sedegadac,
xelSeuxeblobis garantiis safasurad, abaSiZem politika da saqarTvelo
nebiT unda datovos; meore scenariT, savaraudoa specoperaciis
Catareba.” (“mTavari gazeTi”, 28.04.2004)
 “parlamentis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomarem givi
TargamaZem preskonferenciaze ganacxada, rom aWaraSi kvlav daiwyo
fizikuri angariSsworeba da parlamentar Tamaz diasamiZis dakavebis
faqtSi piradad monawileobda aWaris Ss ministri jemal gogitiZe.
saparlamento umravlesobis lideri maia nadiraZe mianiSnebs, rom
abaSiZis mmarTveloba droebiTia da saaTebs iTvlis.” (“axali Taoba”,
29.04.2004)

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  “did sirTules ar warmoadgens aWaris pirveli piris likvidacia, magram
Cven yvelafers vakeTebT, rom viTareba sisxlisRvris gareSe
gamoswordes. xolo, Tu iZulebulebi gavxdiT Zala gamoviyenoT, maSin
msxverpli minimaluri iqneba”, _ saqarTvelos Zalovani saministroebis
TanamSromlebi ukve Riad saubroben samxedro operaciis Catarebis
Sesaxeb.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 29.04.2004)
presaSi asaxuli amgvari viTarebis fonze, 29 aprils, telekompania
“imedis” sainformacio gamoSvebaSi, aslan abaSiZem moulodneli
simSvidiTEganacxada, rom mxareebi dialogis formas unda daubrundnen _
eqspertebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT,
Caisa da yavis TanxlebiT. (t/k “imedi”, sainformacio programa “qronika”,
29.04.2004)
30 aprils ki, baTumSi, uzenaesi sasamarTlos win gamarTuli mitingi
erToblivi ZalisxmeviT daarbies specdaniSnulebis razmma, aWaris Sinagani
jaris nawilebma, policiam da samTavrobo dacvam. sasamarTlosTan Sekrebili
momitingeebi ukanonod dakavebuli “Cveni aWaras” liderebis da kidev ramdenime
piris gaTavisuflebas iTxovdnen. (“24 saaTi”, “xvalindeli dRe”, 01.05.2004)
politolog soso cincaZis komentariT, aslan abaSiZeEyvelafers akeTebs,
rom saakaSvili rogorme wyobidan gamoiyvanos da Secdoma daaSvebinos. miiRebs
Tu ara centraluri xelisufleba konfliqtis iaraRis ZaliT mogvarebis
gadawyvetilebas, ColoqTan saswrafod gaCndeba ruseTis jari, Tumca, ruseTis
droSis nacvlad, “aRorZinebis” droSas gadmokideben. cincaZis azriT, ar aris
saWiro saqarTvelos prezidentis garemocvis aCqareba. kursi, romelic
xelisuflebam aWaris lideris winaaRmdeg aiRo, gamarTlebulia; male abaSiZe
srul izolaciaSi aRmoCndeba; 20-30 dRis win alternativa ar Canda, axla ki,
Tu xelisufleba Tavis kurss Tanmimdevrulad ganaxorcielebs, Zalis
gamoyenebis aucilebloba Semcirdeba. (“xvalindeli dRe”, 01.05.2004)
warmodgenili suraTis fonze ukve moulodnelobad aRar aRiqmeba 2 maiss
Coloqisa da aWaris sazRvarTan mdebare ori xidis afeTqeba; rogorc qarTuli
telekompaniebi iuwyebodnen, abaSiZis samsaxurSi myofi gadamdgari generlis _
netkaCovis xelmZRvanelobiT da, savaraudod, aslan abaSiZis gankargulebiT.
sagangebod Sekrebil uSiSroebis sabWosTan moTaTbirebis Semdeg,
saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili aslan abaSiZes 10 dRis vadas
aZlevs sakonstitucio sivrceSi dabrunebisa da ganiaraRebis dawyebisTvis.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi itovebs uflebas gamoiyenos Tavisi saprezidento
uflebamosileba axali arCevnebis daniSvnis Taobaze da xalxs misces aWaris
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xelisuflebis arCevis saSualeba; saqarTvelos prezidenti xazgasmiT
aRniSnavs rom laparakic ar aris avtonomiis statusis Secvlaze.
3 maiss gavrcelebuli informaciiT, aslan abaSiZe kvlav saubrobs
TbilisTan dialogze da acxadebs rom, xidebis afeTqeba prevenciuli
RonisZieba iyo Tbilisidan samxedro muqaris sapasuxod.
“xidebi afeTqebulia, ukandasaxevi gza moWrilia”, “abaSiZemEaWaris
mosaxleoba mZevlad aiyvana”, “feodali alyaSi”, “abaSiZe sakuTar teritoriaze
prezident saakaSvilis mZevalia” _ amgvari paTosiT aSuqebda gazeTi “axali
versia” 2 maiss, aWaris xelisufalTa brZanebiT, avtonomiis administraciul
sazRvarze xidebis afeTqebis faqts. (“axali versia”, 03.05.2004) afeTqebas win
uZRoda Coloqis administraciuli sazRvrisa da sarfis sabaJos Caketva da
aWaris xelisuflebis mier informaciis gavrceleba, rom foTis samxedro
wvrTnebis Semdeg centri Savi zRviT CaqvSi desantis gadasxmas apirebs.
aWaraSi daZabulobis eskalaciam piks miaRwia; baTumSi Sekrebili
mravalaTasiani mitingis monawileTa da aslan abaSiZis “specnazis” Sejaxebis
safrTxe, SesaZloa, realobad qceuliyo. magram, 2003 wlis noembris “vardebis
revoluciis” msgavsad, movlenebi mSvidobiani gziT ganviTarda _ aslan
abaSiZem xelisufleba da baTumi ukomentarod datova da “xelSeuxeblobis
garant” igor ivanovTan erTad moskovSi gafrinda, vaJiSvilsa da uaxloes
garemocvasTan erTad. presis SefasebiT, igor ivanovma meored Seasrula
saqarTveloSi saSuamavlo misia da amiT ruseTs regionSi Tavisi mniSvnelobis
dafiqsirebis saSualeba mieca.
presa maxvilgonivrulad SeniSnavs, rom “babuebis” (SevardnaZisa da
abaSiZis) qarizma Seiwira mSvidobianma revoluciebma da orive SemTxvevaSi es
giorgoba dRes moxda. saqarTvelos prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili ki, eqvs
TveSi ori usisxlo revoluciis liderobis wyalobiT, SesaZloa istoriis
saxelmZRvaneloebSic Sevides _ profesionali revolucioneris saxeliT.
xolo revoluciis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalad, noembris msgavsad, kvlav xalxi
dasaxelda.
ara mxolod am qveTavSi moSveliebuli sailustraciio masala, aramed,
saerTod am periodis presis analizi mowmobs, rom movlenebis ase ganviTareba
prognozirebadi iyo da garkveul kanonzomierebas emorCileboda. Cven
yuradRebas vamaxvilebdiT eqspertebis mosazrebaze, rom problema ara mxolod
aslan abaSiZeSia, arsebiTi problemaa mentaluri SeuTavsebloba, mdgomareoba,
roca erTi saxelmwifo erTdroulad Tvisobrivad sxvadasxva droSi da sxva

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wyobis pirobebSi cxovrobs. am faqtors TavisTavad unda gamoewvia “Signidan
afeTqeba”, revoluciuri situaciis bunebrivi gagrZeleba aWaraSi.
daskvnis saxiT aRvniSnavT, rom “vardebis revoluciidan” moyolebuli,
vidre “aWaris revoluciamde” (presis termini) aWaris sakiTxi qarTuli presis
centraluri Tema iyo. ver vityviT, rom amjerad presa xels uwyobda centrsa
da regions Soris konfrontaciis gamwvavebas da daZabulobis eskalacias. es
is SemTxvevaa, roca TiTqmis yvela yoveldRiuri da yovelkvireuli gazeTi
informirebis amocanasac warmatebiT arTmevda Tavs da aWaris Temas
poziciebisa da aqcentebis maqsimaluri mravalferovnebiT aSuqebda.
aucileblad unda aRvniSnoT, rom aWaris movlenebis gaSuqebisas presas
aSkarad etyoba pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis amaRleba, saxelmwifoebrivi
ganwyoba, erTgvari sifrTxile faqtebis interpretaciisas da informaciiT
manipulirebis SeZlebisdagvarad minimalizeba.
ra Tqma unda, aWaris Temam male dakarga aqtualoba, magram cotaxans
kidev SemorCa presis furclebs, amjerad, aWaris avtonomiis momavlisa da
aslan abaSiZisagan gamoTavisuflebul saxelisuflo sivrceSi politikuri
konkurenciis sainformacio sababebiT.

 saqarTveloSi jorj buSis vizitis rezonansi presaSi

aSS-is prezidentis, jorj buSis saqarTveloSi vizitis mizani da,

Sesabamisad, vizitis mniSvneloba, ramdenime ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT unda
ganvixiloT:
o uSualod saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi
o regionTan mimarTebaSi
o axali geopolitikuri realobis konteqstSi
am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis aTvlis wertili saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaa,
magram mTlianobaSi aSS-is prezidentis viziti aRmosavleT evropaSi mediaSi
ganixileba regionis transformaciis, axali axlo aRmosavleTis formirebis,
dasavleTis politikuri Rirebulebebisa da institutebis aRmosavleTisken
gadatanisa da sxva Sorsmimavali strategiuli miznebis erTobliobaSi.
axal geopolitikur realobaSi politikuri eqspertebi gulisxmobdnen
dasavleTis mier mZlavri “geopolitikuri kedlis” (romelic unda gaxdes
nato-ruseTis sazRvari) aRmarTvas _ baltiidan kavkasiamde da kavkasiidan
centraluri aziisaken; geopolitikuri RerZis qvakuTxedi qveynis roli
saqarTvelos akisria; rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnavdnen, SemTxveviTi ar iyo,
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rom Tavisi turne prezidentma buSma swored am geopolitikuri RerZis
qveynebze aago, amasTan, turnes marSrutiT moaxdina imis demonstrireba, Tu
ramdenad mniSvnelovania dRes misTvis saqarTvelo.
am bolo mosazrebas adasturebs “vaSington Taimsis” publikacia,
romelsac gazeTi “rezonansi” imowmebs aSS-is prezidentis vizitis Sefasebisas:
“kavkasiis respublikaSi buSis viziti imaze mianiSnebs, rom mas axsovs
saqarTvelo. es interesi ganpirobebulia strategiuli logikiT: saqarTvelo
esazRvreba CeCneTs da masze gadis milsadeni, romelic kaspiis sanavTobo
sabadoebs msoflio bazrebTan akavSirebs. saqarTvelos strategiuli
mdebareoba am patara qveyanas aSS-is energetikuli sagareo politikis
komponentad aqcevs.” (“rezonansi”, 12.05.2005)
vizitis mizanze msjelobisas, qarTul presaSi globaluri politikis
aspeqtebze metad, konkretuli aqcentebi ikveTeba, umTavresad _ regionSi
ruseTis Seviwroebisa da iranis winaaRmdeg placdarmad saqarTvelos SesaZlo
gamoyenebis amocana. qarTveli samxedro eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom iran-
amerikis urTierTobaSi saqarTvelos wvlili mizeruli namdvilad ar aris,
magram am rolis gazviadebac ar Rirs. sayuradReboa, rom politikuri
gaTvlebisTvis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, vaSingtonisTvis albaT saqarTvelo
bevrad ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre samxedro TvalsazrisiT. presis
formulirebiT, amerikas saqarTvelo “iranTan mSvidobianad dasamegobreblad”
sWirdeba (am Temas SevexeT qveTavSic _ “sagareo Temis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi”).
buSis vizitis wina periodSi, aprilSi, saqarTveloSi iranis vice
premierisa da biznesmenTa delegaciis stumroba presam alogikurad miiCnia
(“megobroba Tu Ralati, xelisuflebis ucnauri TamaSebi: win dasavleTisaken...
iranTan erTan”); buSis vizitidan mokle xanSi ki TbilisSi, amerikuli
dafinansebiT, qarTul sacavebSi daculi iranuli kulturis iSviaTi nimuSebi
_ Y”yajarTa portretebi” gamoifina _ iraneli stumrebisa da yajaruli
xelovnebis eqspertis, cnobili amerikeli profesoris (iranuli warmoSobis)
monawileobiT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT iranTan saqarTvelos warmatebul
ekonomikur urTierTobebs, keTilmezoblur damokidebulebas da iranSi
mcxovrebi fereidneli qarTvelebis faqtors (romlis SesaZlo gamoyenebaze
aSS-is xelisuflebis mier, presa jer kidev 2004 wels mianiSnebda),
zemoxsenebuli versia arc Tu ise usafuZvlod JRers.
aSS-is prezidentis vizitis winaperiodi da Semdgomi, sainformacio
gamoxmaurebis TvalsazrisiT, erTi saerTo maxasiaTebliT _ emociuri
damokidebulebis primatiT gamoirCeva; Tumc, winaperiodi ufro maJorulia

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(ragind paradoqsuladac unda JRerdes es mosazreba), vidre vizitis Semdgomi.
SesaZloa, esec igive emociuri faqtoriT avxsnaT _ qarTuli sazogadoeba,
rogorc sainformacio suraTi cxadyofs, umTavresi problemebis gadawyvetis
imeds buSis vizitze amyarebda da, Tanac, dauyovnebliv.
arsebuli molodinis mTavari ganmsazRvreli, rogorc Cans, mainc is iyo,
rom buSi SeaSinebda ruseTs, Sesabamisad _ afxaz da os separatist liderebs,
da misi viziti safuZvlad daedeboda ruseTis samxedro bazebis gayvanisa da
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis problemis uswrafes mogvarebas.
vizitis Semdgomi rezonansi saqarTvelos sainformacio sivrceSi
mosalodnelze xanmokle da zedapiruli iyo (vidre, vTqvaT, konkretuli,
personaluri saxelisuflebo dapirispirebis rezonansia xolme) da, ZiriTadad,
buSis verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis ganxilvas eZRvneboda, ori
ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT _ qarTvelebma “kulturul SokSi” CavagdeT buSi,
gadavrieT xinkliT da, saerTod, stumarTmoyvruli da uCveulod
keTilganwyobili daxvedriT; buSi aseTi aravis unaxavs! meore mxriv, erTgvari
angarebiTi molodini _ aba vnaxoT, ras gagvikeTebs sanacvlod.
sxvaTaSoris, amerikis prezidentis mimarT qarTvelebis gansakuTrebuli
damokidebuleba ucxouri mediasaSualebebis yuradRebis centrSic moeqca,
oRondac, ara mxolod qarTuli sufrisa da kulturis Sefasebis konteqstSi:
“buSi enTuziazmiT iyo aRsavse, radgan Tbilisuri daxvedra bevrad
gansxvavdeboda im saprotesto aqciebisagan, romlebiTac mas sxvadasxva
qveynebSi miegebnen”, _ werda gazeTi “gardiani”, saagento “asoSieited presze”
dayrdnobiT. (“alia”, 10.05.2005)
“TiTqmis yvelgan var namyofi, sadac buSi prezidentis rangSi yofila,
magram aqaurma daxvedram yovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba. es iyo yvelaze
uTbilesi daxvedra, rac mas odesme hqonia”, _ komentars akeTebs si-en-en-is
korespondenti maikl benigani. (“24 saaTi”, 11.05.2005)
”moskovski komsomolecma” publikacia ase daasaTaura _ “jorj
Zlevamosilma buSma saqarTveloSi kargad moilxina”: buSi ise SeZra
aborigenebis cekvebma, rom iq daaxloebiT erTi saaTi darCa. sul male man
musikis hangebze taSis kvra da Tavis qnevac daiwyo, bolos ki yvelasaTvis
moulodnelad erTi cekvis dros scenaze avida da mocekvaveebs xeli
CamoarTva. protokoli SemdegSic araerTxel dairRva: buSi da saakaSvili
restoranSi dagegmili 30-40 wuTis nacvlad, saaTnaxevari darCnen. buSis
Tavgadasavlebi saqarTveloSi meore dRes gagrZelda da masobrivi uwesrigoba
gamoiwvia.” (“axali versia”, 13.05.2005)

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 gazeTma “24 saaTma”, publikaciaSi _ “jorj buSis viziti dasavluri
mediis TvaliT”, Tavi mouyara ucxouri mediis Sefasebebs: “saqarTvelo _
Tavisuflebis Suqura”; “buSi saqarTveloSi ruseTis gasaRizianeblad”; “buSi
xotbas asxams qarTul demokratias”; “aSS saqarTvelosTan erTad”
Tavisuflebis gziT ivlis” _ aseTi saTaurebiT iuwyebodnen dasavluri
sainformacio saSualebebi amerikis prezidentis saqarTveloSi vizitis
Sesaxeb... sainformacio saagento “bi-bi-si”: “preskonferenciaze amerikis
prezidentma “vardebis revolucias” Tanamedrove istoriis mniSvnelovani
momenti uwoda. buSis TqmiT, am usisxlo revoluciam mTel msoflioSi
aRafrTovana xalxi”. TbilisSi myofi “bi-bi-si”-s korespondentis TqmiT ki,
saqarTvelo TvalsaCino magaliTs warmoadgens amerikis sagareo politikis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebis _ demokratiis mTels msoflioSi gavrcelebis
TvalsazrisiT... msoflios yvela met-naklebad cnobili mediasaSualeba aSS-is
lideris saqarTveloSi vizitis emociuri datvirTviT iwyebs movlenis
gaSuqebas. aSkaraa dasavluri presis gakvirveba _ amerikel liders xom arcTu
didi pativiT xvdebian evropelebi. guSindeli dRis erTi TvalSisacemi momenti
is iyo, rom TiTqmis yvela seriozuli gamocema nakleb adgils uTmobs
movlenis politikur analizs da mxolod vizitis aRweriT Semoifargleba.
albaT, es gasagebicaa _ jorj buSis saqarTveloSi Camosvla mniSvnelovani
gzavnili iyo, romelic garkveul analizs saWiroebs.” (“24 saaTi”, 11.05.2005)
am umniSvnelovanesi vizitis anturaJis dawvrilebiT ganxilva qarTuli
Tu ucxouri mediis mier, erTis mxriv, bunebrivicaa; rac Seexeba analizs, es
qarTuli presis “aqilevsis quslia”; magram saerTo fonze gamoirCeva gazeTi
“24 saaTi” (SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom “rezonansic”), romelmac amjeradac moaxerxa
vizitis Sedegebis gaanalizeba, am procesSi qarTveli da ucxoeli eqspertebis
maqsimaluri CarTviT.
pirvel yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia zbignev bJezinskis eqskluziuri interviu
gazeT “24 saaTisTvis”. misi mosazrebebi ara mxolod naTels hfens
saqarTveloSi buSis vizitisa da mis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis
mniSvnelobas, aramed, erTgvarad avsebs kidec da, Cveni azriT, aranaklebad
mniSvnelovan mesijebsac Seicavs:
“yvelaze mniSvnelovani cvlileba, romelic moxda, xelisuflebaSi axali
Taobis mosvlaa. axali politikuri liderebi gacilebiT naklebad arian
sabWoTa periodis produqtebi, vidre maTi winamorbedebi. magram es
weliwadnaxevris win moxda. axla ki saWiroa gamarTuli sistemis SeqmniTa da
praqtikuli politikis gziT imis demonstrireba, rom saqarTveloSi

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demokratia moqmedi realobaa. saqarTvelos axalma demokratiam unda
daarwmunos saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, rom mas Seswevs unari, moagvaros is
problemebi, romelic sabWoTa kavSirma dautova. warsulis narCenebi, maT
Soris separatizmi, ar unda ganixilebodes, rogorc normaluri movlena. am
konteqstSi, saqarTvelom aseve unda daarwmunos saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba,
rom misi demokratia mtkicea, rom is emyareba ara emociebs, aramed
konstituciiT gamyarebul kanonmorCil sistemas. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam
unda aCvenos, rom rogorc sagareo, ise saSinao politikaSi misi
gadawyvetilebebi momwifebul, pasuxismgeblobiT savse, kargad gaazrebul
politikas eyrdnoba da ara emociur, mkveTr da radikalur Jestebs.” (24 saaTi”,
17.05.2005)
aseve sayuradReboa kolumbiis universitetis profesorisa da sagareo
urTierTobaTa sabWos ufrosi eqspertis, stiven sestanoviCis Sefaseba: “me
vfiqrob, rom saqarTvelom aCvena erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani politikuri,
socialuri da inteleqtualuri dinamizmi, romelsac adgili aqvs yofil
sabWoTa respublikebSi.” amasTan, sestanoviCi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im
problemebze, romlebic, SesaZloa, saqarTveloSi demokratiis ganviTarebas
Seeqmnas: “Cven viciT, arsebobs pretenziebi, rom parlamenti ar aris
pluralisturi, problemebia mediaSi, iseve rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi.
axla Cven vcdilobT, SevafasoT, aris es Cveulebrivi pretenziebi, romelic
yvela demokratias axasiaTebs, Tu saxezea marTlac Zalauflebis zedmeti
konsolidacia, rac demokratiisTvis safrTxis Semcveli SeiZleba iyos. da Tu
Zalauflebis es konsolidacia ar Seicavs safrTxes, romelic momavalSi
problemebs Seuqmnis demokratias, maSin amerikaSi aRelvebis safuZvelic ar
iqneba. patara qveynisTvis Zalian Znelia, amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis
geopolitikuri mniSvneloba SeinarCunos, Tu mas demokratiuli faseulobebi
ar gaaCnia. saqarTvelosTan Cvenma urTierTobam aCvena, rom maSinac ki, rodesac
patara saxelmwifo xar, Tu Sen atareb igive Rirebulebebs da gaqvs igive
xedva, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis Tanasworuflebiani partniori xar.” (“24
saaTi”, 24.05.2005)
yuradReba mivaqcioT bJezinskisa da sestanoviCis saerToOTvalsazriss _
saqarTvelom, praqtikuli politikis gziT, unda moaxdinos imis demonstrireba,
rom saqarTveloSi demokratia moqmedi realobaa; unda ecados, rom
Zalauflebis koncentraciiT ar Seuqmnas safrTxe demokratias; unda
daarwmunos saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba, rom misi demokratia mtkicea; rom
mas Seswevs unari, moagvaros sabWoTa kavSiris mier datovebuli problemebi

191
(maT Soris, separatizmis problema). sxvanairad, aseT patara qveyanas
gauWirdeba amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis geopolitikuri mniSvneloba
SeinarCunos.
gavixsenoT, rom “vardebis revoluciamdec”, 2003 wlis saparlamento
arCevnebis wina periodSi, presaSi aqtiurad musirebda qarTveli da ucxoeli
politikosebisa da eqspertebis saerTo Tvalsazrisi, rom saqarTvelos
kapitali demokratiaa, rom mas, azerbaijanisagan gansxvavebiT, aravin apatiebs
demokratiuli faseulobebis Selaxvas.
albaT zedmeti ar iqneba imis gaxsenebac, rom bJezinskis mier
modelirebul evraziis “did saWadrako dafaze”, mTavari geostrategiuli
figurebis (safrangeTi, germania, ruseTi, CineTi da indoeTi) gverdiT,
”principulad mniSvnelovan geopolitikur centrebad” saxeldeba ukraina,
azerbaijani, samxreT korea, TurqeTi da irani (am kvalifikaciaSi, rogorc
Tavad bJezinski aRniSnavs, ar xvdeba iseTi didmniSvnelovani qveynebi,
rogoricaa didi britaneTi, iaponia da indonezia). (12, 56)
Tu erTmaneTTan davakavSirebT, erTis mxriv:
regionis transformaciis, axali axlo aRmosavleTis formirebis,
dasavleTis politikuri Rirebulebebisa da institutebis aRmosavleTisken
gadatanisa da sxva Sorsmimavali strategiuli miznebis erTobliobas; amocanas
_ dasavleTis mier mZlavri “geopolitikuri kedlis” (romelic unda gaxdes
nato-ruseTis sazRvari) aRmarTvisa _ baltiidan kavkasiamde da kavkasiidan
centraluri aziisaken;
meores mxriv, TbilisSi prezident buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis
mesijebs: “imedismomcemi cvlilebebi _ baRdadidan beiruTamde da beiruTidan
biSkekamde... Tavisufleba Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvisken, sparseTis yureSi da
ufro Sorsac miiwevs; es TqveniT aris gamowveuli da Tqveni warmatebis
magaliTze maTac didi imedi eZlevaT... qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli
mTel msoflioSi Rvivdeba.”
da amas davumatebTYstiven sestanoviCis “formulas”, rom “patara
qveynisTvis Zalian Znelia, amerikis SeerTebuli StatebisTvis geopolitikuri
mniSvneloba SeinarCunos, Tu mas demokratiuli faseulobebi ar gaaCnia”,
erTad moiyris Tavs ara mxolod buSis evropuli turnesa da saqarTveloSi
vizitis mizani da mniSvneloba, aramed is roli da funqciac, rac “vardebis
revoluciam” ganusazRvra saqarTvelos. oRondac, xazgasmiT aRvniSnavT, rom
esaa ara “saWadrako dafiT” miniWebuli, aramed “demokratiis sanimuSo qveynis”
roliT SeZenili funqcia. sxvaTa Soris, erTaderTi postulati, rac
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ucvlelad figurirebs sainformacio amindis Semqmnel qarTul mediaSi bolo
wlebis manZilze, swored isaa, rom saqarTvelos kapitali demokratiaa.
(amgvari Tvalsazrisis ganviTarebis uflebas isev presa gvaZlevs,
romlis calkeul masalebSi zogjer SeuZlebelia logikis moxelTeba, magram
erTobliobaSi, analitikuri ganxilvisas, bevri sayuradRebo ram ikveTeba).
vizitis mniSvnelobaze msjelobisas presaSi figurirebs Tvalsazrisi,
rom TavisTavad vizitis faqti mTavari mesijia sxva qveynebisTvis, upirvelesad
_ ruseTisTvis, rom amieridan saqarTvelosTan urTierTobisas dabalansebuli
politika unda awarmoon; rom viziti safuZvlad daedeba regionSi
saqarTvelos rolis gamokveTas.
aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis, kondoliza raisis SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi
aSS-is prezidentis jorj buSis vizitis mTavari mizani aSS-is mxridan
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis, teritoriuli mTlianobis da misi axalgazrda
demokratiisaTvis mxardaWeris demonstrireba iyo.
gazeT “24 saaTTan” interviuSi zbignev bJezinski ambobs, rom “prezident
buSis viziti rigasa da TbilisSi did strategiul mesijs atarebda. es mesiji
ki aseTia – ruseTma pativi unda sces Tavisi mezoblebis politikur
damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas. es aris fundamenturad
mniSvnelovani mesiji. (“24 saaTi”, 17.05.2005)
rusi politologi sergei markovi ki acxadebs, rom: “buSis vizitis
dakavSireba Tbilisis poziciis erTmniSvnelovan mxardaWerasTan politikuri
Secdoma iqneboda”: “vfiqrob, am vizits ramdenime Sedegi aqvs. upirvelesad,
buSma srulad dauWira mxari saqarTvelos moqmed xelisuflebas mis
swrafvaSi evroatlantikuri integraciisken, nato-sa da evrokavSirTan
maqsimaluri TanamSromlobisaken. man, aseve, dauWira mxari saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis im ideologiur Tezisebs, romlebic am swrafvas ukavSirdeba,
kerZod – qveyanaSi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis ganviTarebis aucileblobas.
garda amisa, aSS-is prezidentma mTlianobaSi mxari dauWira saqarTvelos
pozicias rig gadamwyvet sakiTxebSi, rogoric aris afxazeTTan da samxreT
oseTTan urTierTobebi da saqarTveloSi ruseTis samxedro bazebis problema.
imavdroulad, jorj buSma gadaxeda Tavis pozicias da ruseTis interesebis
lobistis rolSi mogvevlina, miuTiTa ra saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, rom es
problemebi (rusuli bazebi da avtonomiebTan urTierTobebi) mxolod
mSvidobiani molaparakebebis gziT unda mogvardes. amiT man garkveulwilad,
arapirdapir gaakritika saqarTvelos xelmZRvaneloba... ar aris aucilebeli,
yvelgan, sadac igeben amerikelebi, waagon rusebma. vgulisxmob saqarTvelos

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samxedro moqmedebebs afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTSi, romelTac me
kolonialur avantiurebs vuwodeb. miviCnev, rom afxazeTi arasodes yofila
saqarTvelos nawili. is yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos nawili didi ruseTis
imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. es istoriuli faqtia.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)
gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe” wers, rom “separatistebi amerikis prezidentis
vizitiT gamowveuli SeSfoTebis dafarvas cdiloben”. amerika saqarTvelos
teritoriul mTlianobas aRiarebs da sxva saxelmwifoebsac mouwodebs, pativi
scen saqarTvelos suverenitets – aseTi Sinaarsisa iyo buSis mimarTvis erT-
erTi nawili. rogorc irkveva, afxazuri da osuri mxare am gancxadebam
seriozulad Seafiqriana da originaluri gamosavalic apovnina: soxumsa da
cxinvalSi fiqroben, rom buSma diplomatiurad da SefarviT, magram mainc
gamoxata, rom “pativs scems osi da afxazi xalxis swrafvas demokratiisa da
Tavisuflebisaken”. (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.205)
amasTan, aSS-is prezidentis viziti, qarTuli da ucxouri presis
SefasebiT, kargi fiari iyo ara mxolod saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da misi
xelisuflebisTvis, aramed, Tavad jorj buSisTvisac.
am TvalsazrisiT sagulisxmoa “niu iork Taimsis” saredaqcio statia,
saTauriT _ “ra SemTxvevaSi miaCniaT amerikaSi prezidentis viziti
warmatebulad”: “sasiamovno sanaxavi iyo, rogor Tbilad xvdebodnen prezident
buSs latviis dedaqalaq rigaSi, ra zRva xalxi miizida man saqarTvelos
dedaqalaq TbilisSi. Tumca, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi Tavisi turnes
Sedegad man zedmiwevniT miaRwia mizans mxolod im sferoSi, rac exeba
urTierTobebs sazogadoebriobasTan, magram ver miaRwia arsebiT sakiTxSi.
roca ruseTze vsaubrobT, amerikisTvis umTavresi sagangaSo sakiTxi –
birTvuli usafrTxoebaa da am frontze, rogorc Cans, vizitisas araviTari
warmatebisTvis ar migviRwevia.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)
gazeT “24 saaTSi” gamoqveynebul statiaSi _ “buSi STabeWdilebebs
kongress uziarebs”, moxmobilia aSS-is prezidentis sityvebi _ “fantastikuri
SegrZnebaa, idge 150 aTasi, Tavisuflebis moyvaruli adamianis winaSe", Tumca,
aRniSnulia rom buSma gacilebiT meti dro dauTmo moskovSi miRebuli
STabeWdilebebis gaziarebas. samagierod, “aSS-is saxelmwifo mdivnis
teleintervius gacilebiT “emociuri” nawili saqarTveloSi vizitis
STabeWdilebebis moyolas mieZRvna. lari kingma saxelmwifo mdivans
“xelyumbaris istoriazec” sTxova komentaris gakeTeba, razec qalbatoni
raisis pasuxi sakmaod mSvidi iyo _ “amis Sesaxeb mogvianebiT SevityveT.
cxadia, gamoZieba mimdinareobs. vfiqrob, saqarTvelos uSiSroebis samsaxuri

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Cvens uwyebasTan erTad imuSavebs imis gasagebad, Tu ra moxda. magram es
SemTxveva veranairad Secvlis imas, rac iq xdeboda; da minda giTxraT, rom
Zalian amaRelvebeli iyo moedanze yofna”. (“24 saaTi”, 13.05.2005)
rac Seexeba xelyumbaras, gazeTi “xvalindeli dRe” moswrebulad wers,
rom “aufeTqebeli xelyumbara msoflio presis furclebze afeTqda”:
“informacia, rom 10 maiss, prezident buSis Tbilisuri vizitisas,
Tavisuflebis moedanze misi sityviT gamosvlamde arcTu didi xniT adre,
tribunidan 30 metris daSorebiT viRacam xelyumbara isrola, pirvelad
rusulma saagentoebma gaavrceles. guSin gancxadeba gaavrcela TeTrma saxlma,
rom xelyumbara, romelic TbilisSi, Tavisuflebis moedanze aSS-is
prezidentis jorj buSis gamosvlis dros aRmoaCines, prezidentisTvis
safrTxes ar warmoadgenda.” (“xvalindeli dRe”, 12.05.2005)
yuradRebas mivaqcevT erT informacias, romelic “yviTeli
Seferilobisaa”, magram saWirod CavTvaleT misi moSvelieba saerTo mozaikis
Sesaqmnelad. “buSis vizitis dReebSi muzeumidan firosmanis Sedevrebi
saidumlo viTarebaSi gaitanes”, _ gavamcnobs “jorjian Taimsi”. “buSi
saqarTveloSi Camovida: qarTul ritms sxeuli moxdenilad aayola, 19-naoWiani
xinkali “repeteTi” miirTva da “gamZRari” gafrinda! sxvaTa Soris, amerikis
prezidenti mxolod qarTuli kerZebiT ar danayrebula, Tan uamravi
politikuri saCuqari, Zveli qarTuli wignebi da ferweruli Sedevrebic
gaiyola.” (“jorjian Taimsi”, 12.05.205)
niSandoblivia, rom vizitis gaSuqebisas amjerad qarTul presaSi
yuradReba ar maxvildeba mosalodnel materialur daxmarebasa Tu yofis
gaumjobesebis pragmatul interesze. presaSi figurirebs Tvalsazrisi, rom
saqarTvelo moeqceva Zalian didi yuradRebis qveS mTeli msoflios mxridan,
Sesabamisad, es amcirebs im saSiSroebas, rom xelisuflebam arademokratiuli
gziT gaagrZelos moqmedeba. amasTan, viziti Sefasebulia, rogorc Zalian kargi
reklama zogadad qveynis, qarTuli biznesisa da qarTuli produqciisaTvis;
rogorc winapiroba qveynis arasandoobis koeficientis kidev ufro
Semcirebisa da ucxouri investiciebis raodenobis mniSvnelovani zrdisaTvis
da a.S.
presis analitikur publikaciebSi, erTi mxriv, ikveTeba Tvalsazrisi, rom
Cveni qveynis mosaxleobas am vizitTan dakavSirebiT gadametebuli molodini
hqonda; buSis viziti saqarTvelosTvis mxolod avansad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
mkafioa amerikis prezidentis poziciac _ is megobari qveynisTvis daTvuri
samsaxuris gawevas ar apirebs, amitom Cveni gasakeTebeli Tavadve unda

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gavakeToT. amerikis daxmarebis formati ara ruseTTan dapirispirebis, aramed
TanamSromlobis pirobebSi unda warimarTos – is, risi miRwevac SeiZleba
mSvidobiani gziT, konfrontaciis mizezi ar unda gaxdes.
meore mxriv, qarTvel eqspertTa SefasebiT, buSis viziti
damagvirgvinebeli etapia im samuSaosi, rac saqarTvelo-ruseTis saboloo
gamijvnisTvis mimdinareobda, anu moskovi nel-nela Seagues azrs, rom
saqarTvelos daTmoba mouwevda. jorj buSis viziti niSnavs, rom amerika Tavis
geopolitikur interesebze uaris Tqmas ar apirebs. amerikas kavkasiaSi Zlieri
partniori sWirdeba. amitom mis interesebSi saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianobac Sedis. amdenad, SeiZleba imis prognozireba, rom dakarguli
teritoriebi uaxloes oTx-xuT weliwadSi davibrunoT. Tumc, es imazec iqneba
damokidebuli, ramdenad sworad Seasrulebs qarTuli mxare ucxoel eqspertTa
rekomendaciebs, rogor saxelmwifo politikas warmarTavs separatistuli
regionebis mosaxleobasTan, ramdenad principuli da Sedegiani iqneba
kontrabandasTan brZola, ra strategias daupirispirebs saqarTvelos
xelisufleba CrdiloeTidan mosalodnel provokaciebs da a.S. nebismieri
uxeSi Secdoma, romelsac am procesSi xelisufleba dauSvebs, momentalurad
iqneba gamoyenebuli ruseTis mier da xels SeuSlis Cvens dasavlel
partniorebs.
am zogadi suraTis fonze, Cveni azriT, uaRresad mniSvnelovania presis
Sefasebebis Sejereba TbilisSi prezident buSis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis
(parlamentSi gamarTul brifingsa da Tavisuflebis moedanze) ZiriTad
mesijebsa da sakvanZo sityvebTan.
ZiriTadi mesijebi:
 Tqven liderebi xarT!
 saqarTvelo _ sanimuSo magaliTia regionSi
 “vardebis revolucia” Zlieri momenti iyo Tanamedrove istoriaSi
 saqarTvelo Tavisufali da damoukidebeli qveyanaa
 Tqveni yvelaze mniSvnelovani wvlili Tqvenive magaliTia
 Tqveni qveyana aSS-is erT-erTi seriozuli mokavSirea
 Tqven demokratiul sazogadoebas aSenebT
 amMaxal saqarTveloSi kanonis uzenaesoba gaimarjvebs da Tavisufleba
TiToeuli moqalaqis ufleba iqneba
 Tqven irCevT Tavisufal momavals da igive miznis ganxorcielebaSi
sxva qveynebsac exmarebiT

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  Tavisufali sazogadoebis Seneba Taobebis samsaxuria
 15 weli dasWirda brZolas, sanam am qveyanaSi Tavisufleba da
samarTlianoba moikidebda fexs
 imedismomcemi cvlilebebi _ baRdadidan beiruTamde da beiruTidan
biSkekamde
 Tavisufleba Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvisken, sparseTis yureSi da ufro
Sorsac miiwevs; es TqveniT aris gamowveuli da Tqveni warmatebis
magaliTze maTac didi imedi eZlevaT
 qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli mTel msoflioSi Rvivdeba
 Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen
 rogorc Tavisufal qveynebs, amerikasa da saqarTvelos didi
pasuxismgebloba akisriaT
 Cveni movaleobebic TavisuflebisaTvis globalur brZolaSi iwyeba
 udidesi qarTveli patrioti zurab Jvania _ globaluri demokratiuli
revoluciis didi lideri gaxda
 saqarTvelos liderebma ician, rom konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvareba
aucilebelia transatlantikur aliansSi integraciisaTvis
 saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas yvela
qveyana unda scemdes pativs
 Cven gvyavs transatlantikuri megobrebi saqarTveloSi da yovelTvis
dagexmarebiT Tqveni miznebis misaRwevad
 Tqven gyavT megobrebi amerikaSi
 Tavisufali da demokratiuli qveynis Senebisas amerikeli xalxi Tqvens
gverdiTaa! (jorj buSis sityva, warmoTqmuli TbilisSi, Tavisuflebis
moedanze, gamoqveynebulia gazeT “24 saaTSi”, 11.05.2005; brifingze
warmoTqmuli sityva _ gazeT “saqarTvelos respublikaSi”, 11.05.2005)

sakvanZo sityvebi

buSi saakaSvili

Tavisufleba, Tavisufali – 30 Tavisufleba, Tavisufali _ 20

saqarTvelo, qarTveli _ 28 saqarTvelo, qarTveli _ 43

amerika, amerikelebi _ 9 amerika, amerikelebi _ 18

demokratia _ 8 demokratia _ 11

197
 mSvidoba, mSvidobiani _ 8 mSvidoba, mSvidobiani _ 3

revolucia, revoluciuri _ 5 revolucia, revoluciuri _ 1

damoukidebloba _ 4 damoukidebloba _ 1

nato _ 4 nato _ 3

pasuxismgebloba _ 3 pasuxismgebloba _ 3

istoria, istoriuli _ 3 istoria, istoriuli _ 8

megobroba, megobari _ 3 megobroba, megobari _ 4

“vardebis revolucia” _ 2 “vardebis revolucia” _ 2

afxazeTi, samxreTYoseTi _ 1 afxazeTi, samxreTYoseTi _ 3

teritoriuli mTlianoba _ 1 teritoriuli mTlianoba _ 2

konfliqtebis mogvareba _ 1 konfliqtebis mogvareba _ 1

momavali _ 2 momavali _ 4

jorj buSisa da mixeil saakaSvilis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebis

analizi Cveni kompetenciisa da am statiis farglebs scildeba, amdenad,
yuradRebas SevaCerebT mxolod ramdenime niuansze.
rogorc vxedavT, orive prezidentis gamosvlebSi didi upiratesobiT
figurirebs cneba “Tavisufleba”, masTan SedarebiT “demokratia” gacilebiT
iSviaTad xsendeba; amasTan, “Tavisufleba”, gansakuTrebiT aSS-is prezidentis
sityvaSi, “mSvidobasTan” asocirdeba (“Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom
mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen”); “Tavisuflebas” (da ara demokratias)
prezidenti buSi xatovnad Tavisi qveynis savizito baraTs uwodebs.
“pasuxismgeblobas” orive prezidenti sul 3-jer axsenebs, magram
uaRresad mniSvnelovan konteqstSi; aSS-is prezidenti, “TavisuflebisaTvis
globalur brZolaSi”, pasuxismgeblobis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos amerikis
gverdiT ayenebs, lamis Tanabari statusiT: “rogorc Tavisufal qveynebs,
amerikasa da saqarTvelos didi pasuxismgebloba akisriaT da Cvens
movaleobebs erTad SevasrulebT.”
sagulisxmoa, rom aSS-is prezidenti gacilebiT xSirad axsenebs
“saqarTvelos” da “qarTvels” (28-jer), vidre Tundac saqarTvelos prezidenti
(anu, maspinZeli, sxva faqtorebze rom araferi vTqvaT) _ “amerikas” (18-jer).
“rezonansis” mTavari redaqtori laSa tuRuSi, buSis vizitis
Sedegebisadmi miZRvnil saredaqcio statiaSi, pirvel rigSi, swored aSS-is

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prezidentis mier warmoTqmuli siyvebis mesijebs euyrdoba: “pasuxismgeblobaa
is umniSvnelovanesi sityva, romelic yvelaze aqtualuria qarTuli
saxelmwifosTvis. Zalian sapasuxismgebloa is roli, romelic saqarTvelos
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg ganusazRvra amerikis prezidentma buSma,
kerZod, didi regionis transformaciis xelSewyobis: “saqarTveloSi
ganxorcielebuli demokratiuli procesebi centraluri aziis transformacias
Seuwyobs xels”. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, aseve, gaaCnia pasuxismgebloba im
moqalaqeebis mimarTac, romlebic saqarTveloSi cxovroben.” (“rezonansi”,
11.05.2005)
am publikaciaSi laSa tuRuSi konfliqtebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebul
(da ara mxolod!) sayuradRebo informacias gvTavazobs (sagulisxmoa, rom
Semdgom wlebSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma daadastura misi marTebuloba):
“Cvenma wyarom, romelic uSualod eswreboda saakaSvilis buSTan Sexvedras,
gviTxra, rom daxurul Sexvedraze buSma pirdapir ganacxada, rom gvirCevs,
rogorc megobari, Tanac winaswar, teritoriuli mTlianobis problema
mxolod mSvidobiani gziT movagvaroT da rom is ver dauWers saomar
moqmedebebs mxars. Tanac, amas ambobs dRes imisaTvis, rom xval rame ar iyos
gaugebari. Tumca, iqve iTqva, rom isini aucileblad dagvexmarebian konfliqtis
mowesrigebisas. es iqneba Zalian realuri daxmareba, oRond mSvidobiani
formebiT. cota xnis win, natos generalurma mdivanma sxeferma ganacxada, rom
saqarTvelos nato-Si gawevrianebis perspeqtivebi realuria, miuxedavad mis
teritoriaze konfliqtebTan dakavSirebuli viTarebisa. mokled, man Tqva,
Zalian mkafiod, Tanac pirvelad, rom nato-s kari Riaa saqarTvelosTvis.
zogierTma politikosma saqarTveloSi ratomRac es gaigo ise, TiTqos
saqarTvelos iReben nato-Si afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis gareSe. saqme
is aris, rom nato-s arc erT oficialur dokumentSi ar weria, rom konfliqti,
anu, saqarTvelos msgavsi situacia, aris qveynis am organizaciaSi gaerTianebis
Semaferxebeli faqtori. problema ara samarTlebrivi, aramed politikuri
xasiaTisaa. amdenad, mniSvnelovania dasavleTSi dainaxon, rom saqarTveloSi
Seuqcevadi procesebia, rogorc saxelmwifos mSeneblobis (rac buSmac
aRniSna), aseve, samSvidobo procesis Rrmad (Seuqcevlad) ganviTarebis.”
(“rezonansi”, 11.05.2005)
rogorc dasawyisSive aRvniSneT, buSis vizitTan dakavSirebul
gamoxmaurebebSi emocia sWarbobs da amgvari publikaciebi gamonaklisis saxiT
gvxvdeba. Sesabamisad, sainformacio sivrceSi igrZnoba erTgvari ukmarobis

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ganwyoba _ rom saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobasTan dakavSirebiT aSS-is
prezidentma mkveTrad ar gamoxata Tavisi pozicia.
Tu erTad davajgufebT jorj buSis gamosvlebSi am problemasTan
dakavSirebul mesijebs, aseT suraTs miviRebT:
 saqarTvelos liderebma ician, rom konfliqtebis mSvidobiani mogvareba
aucilebelia transatlantikur aliansSi integraciisaTvis;
 saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da teritoriul mTlianobas yvela
qveyana unda scemdes pativs;
 Cven gvyavs transatlantikuri megobrebi saqarTveloSi da yovelTvis
dagexmarebiT Tqveni miznebis misaRwevad;
 ...visaubreT regionuli sakiTxebis mSvidobian mogvarebaze, romelic
Tqvens qveyanas awuxebs;
 moxaruli var, rom meqneba saSualeba vimuSao baton prezidentTan, Tu
igi mommarTavs aseTi TxovniT, mxari davuWiro iseTi problemebis
gadaWraSi, rogoricaa afxazeTi da samxreT oseTi;
 imeds gamovTqvam, rom TanamSromlobis safuZvelze SegviZlia es
problemebi mSvidobianad movagvaroT;
 darwmunebuli var, rom saqarTvelos Cveni daxmarebiT SeuZlia seriozul
progress miaRwios maTi mogvarebis sakiTxebSi.
uaRresad sayuradRebod gveCveneba afxazeTsa da e.w. samxreT oseTTan
mimarTebaSi ara mxolod prezident buSis, aramed saqarTvelos prezidentis,
mixeil saakaSvilis mesiji:
“miuxedavad vardebis revoluciis warmatebisa, Cvens qveyanaSi aris
mxareebi, sadac qarTvelebs warTmeuli aqvT Tavisufleba.
afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionebSi Cveni moqalaqeebis izolaciaSi
yofnas wertili unda davusvaT, maT unda mivceT Tanabari SesaZleblobebi,
raTa demokratiisa da Tavisuflebis pirobebSi ganviTardnen.”
rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos prezidentis motivacia Tavisuflebaa da
ara vTqvaT, istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgena (sxvaTaSoris, istorias man
didi roli daakisra Tavis gamosvlaSi, magram ara dakarguli teritoriebis
konteqstSi).
“Tavisufleba” ki, prezident buSis sityvaSi aseTi “sqemiTaa” ganfenili:
1989 wels wamowyebuli brZola TavisuflebisaTvis qarTvelebma 2003 wels
Rirseulad daasrules; Sedegad _ Tavisufali da damoukidebeli qveyana _
saqarTvelo regionSi sanimuSo magaliTs warmoadgens; Tavisufali da

200
demokratiuli qveynis Senebisas amerikeli xalxi qarTvelebis gverdiTaa da
saqarTvelos ar mouwevs am gzis marto gavla!
Tavisufali sazogadoebebi xom, aSS-is prezidentis formulirebiT,
mSvidobian sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen da, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,
TavisuflebisaTvis globalur brZolaSi prezidenti buSi saqarTvelos Tavis
mokavSired miiCnevs.
logikurad, buSisa da saakaSvilis mesijebis saerTo reziume aseTia: Tu
“WeSmariti Tavisuflebis Senebisas” “qarTul miwaze danTebuli cecxli mTel
msoflioSi Rvivdeba!”, “RmerTis mier miniWebuli uflebiT” sargeblobis
saSualeba “TavisuflebawarTmeul qarTvelebsac” unda mieceT.
gazeT “24 saaTis” presombudsmeni, nodar ladaria, sainteresod
aanalizebs aSS-is prezidentis sajaro gamosvlas, misi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
“mravali profesionalis Sromis nayofs”, “mSvenieri kompoziciisa da
damafiqrebeli Sinaarsis”, uaRresad adamianuri da Sinauruli dasawyisis mqone
sityvas, mis Setyobinebebsa da niuansebs. paralelurad, ladaria
“saxeldaxelod SeTxzul sityvas” uwodebs Tvisuflebis moedanze prezident
saakaSvilis gamosvlas, romelic, Cveni azriT, Tundac afxazeTisa da e.w.
samxreT oseTis problemis amgvari rakursiT warmodgenis gamo, namdvilad ar
tovebs “saxeldaxelos” STabeWdilebas.
unda aRvniSnoT, rom sagangebo mzadebam aSS-is prezidentis Sesaxvedrad,
sabWoTa kavSiris kompartiis genmdivnis, breJnevis vizitebis (saqarTveloSi)
asociaciac gaaCina presaSi. sayuradReboa, rom molodinis sawinaaRmdegod,
prezident saakaSvilis gamosvlebi _ parlamentSi gamarTul brifingze Tu
Tavisuflebis moedanze, arRvevs “qveSevrdomuli” da “vasaluri” mimarTvebis
stereotips da piriqiT _ erTgvari zomieri ambiciurobiTac aris gajerebuli.
samagierod, daculia qarTuli eTnosisTvis damaxasiaTebeli _ istoriis
mimarT amaRlebuli, romantikuli da erTgvarad miTologizebuli
damokidebulebis stereotipi.
2005 wlis 30 maiss, moskovSi, miRweul iqna SeTanxmeba saqarTvelodan
ruseTis samxedro bazebis gayvanis Taobaze. sakvirvelia, magram presas es
umniSvnelovanesi faqti ar daukavSirebia buSis vizitis SedegTan. samagierod,
presas yuradRebidan ar gamohparvia saqarTvelos prezidentis mier tonis
mkveTri Serbileba ruseTis mimarT.
“saqarTvelos unda ruseTTan mWidro, megobruli, keTilmezobluri
urTierToba”, _ ganacxada mixeil saakaSvilma saxelmwifo kancelariaSi
gamarTul brifingze da bazebis gayvanis Taobaze miRweul SeTanxmebas

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istoriuli movlena uwoda: “mimaCnia, rom prezidentma putinma gamoiCina
gambedaoba, aCvena mSvenieri politikuri alRo, moaxdina saRi azris
demonstrireba da gadadga Tamami politikuri nabiji da me ar SemiZlia, es ar
davinaxo. saqarTvelo mzad aris yvela sakiTxi _ usafrTxoebis, terorizmTan
brZolis, ruseTis geopolitikuri interesebis iseTi gaTvaliswinebis sakiTxi,
sadac isini mTlianad emTxveva saqarTvelos interesebs (da aseTi gadakveTis
Zalian bevri veqtori arsebobs), sruli masStabiT gaiTvaliswinos da
yovelgvari daZabuloba Cvens urTierTobaSi warsuls Cabardes.” (“saqarTvelos
respublika”, 31.05.2005)
saqarTveloSi aSS-is prezidentis vizitis faqtorma garkveuli periodiT
(april-maisi) gaaneitrala presaSi xelisuflebisken mimarTuli negatiuri
muxti da xeli Seuwyo mis garSemo met-naklebad pozitiuri ganwyobis
koncentracias; ivnisis TveSi ki suraTi mkveTrad Seicvala da xelisuflebis
mimarT konfrontaciuli damokidebuleba sakmaod gamZafrda. TiTqmis
weliwadnaxevris manZilze ufunqciod darCenili politikuri Zalebi (ra Tqma
unda, ar vgulisxmobT mmarTvel partias _ “nacionalebs”) da samoqalaqo
seqtori gamococxldnen da TandaTan xelisuflebasTan oponirebis reJimSi
gadaerTvnen. ara mxolod am niSniT, aramed, saerTodac, “vardebis revoluciis”
Semdgomi periodis presisTvis (iseve rogorc qveynis, xelisuflebisa da
sazogadoebisTvis) jorj buSis viziti erTgvari mijna iyo, romelmac
amaRlebul notaze daasrula revoluciuri eiforiis periodi.

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 daskvna

Cveni Seswavlisa da kvlevis sagani iyo drois informaciuli analogis _

presis mier gamokveTili ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi da
aqcentebi. ramdenad Seesabameba es analogi saqarTvelos maSindel
sazogadoebriv-politikur viTarebas? Tu am naSromSi araerTxel damowmebul
gigi TevzaZis wigns (“saqarTvelo: Zalauflebis dabruneba”) moviSveliebT da
gavixsenebT, rom eduard SevardnaZis periodis saqarTvelos demokratia iyo
“simulirebuli”, xolo “Tavisufali masmedia”, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
erTad, iyo simulaciis realobis damadasturebeli agenti (25, 40), maSin unda
vTqvaT, rom media sakmao warmatebiT asrulebda demokratiis “Sirmis” rols.
meore mxriv, Cveni kvlevis Sedegi gvaZlevs saSualebas davaskvnaT, rom
mocemul realobaSi, arsebuli SesaZleblobebiT, qarTulma presam mainc
moaxerxa Seeqmna met-naklebad adekvaturi mediasuraTi saanalizo periodSi
(2000-2005 wlebi) ganviTarebuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri procesebisa. da am
suraTis Seqmnis meTodebi, xerxebi, formebi, profesiuli done da a.S. imdenad
Seesabameba Tanamedrove mediis standartebs, ramdenadac saqarTveloSi
“gardamavali demokratiis” xarisxi Seesabameba ganviTarebuli demokratiis
moTxovnebs. ufro metic, presa saqarTvelos demokratiuli ganviTarebis
maCvenebladac iTvleboda. davimowmebT maia toraZis zemoxsenebul
sadisertacio naSroms: “saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da eqspertebis mier
presa bolo aTwleulSi sazogadoebis yvelaze demokratiul segmentad
miiCneoda.” (69, 2)
ZiriTadi sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi, romelic prioritetuli
iyo saanalizo periodis presisTvis, sadisertacio naSromis sarCevSivea
mocemuli da aRar gavimeorebT; amasTan, Cven SevecadeT disertaciis TiToeul
monakveTSive gadmogveca Sesabamisi daskvnebi; ramdenime zogadi daskvna ki,
2000-2005 wlebis qarTuli presis Taobaze, ase SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:
 raodenobrivi simravlis miuxedavad, saanalizo periodis presa ar qmnida
qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis pluralistur suraTs;
mravalricxovani gamocemebidan “sazogadoebrivi azris generatoris”
funqcias, umeteswilad, 3-5 gamocema asrulebda (gansakuTrebiT, 2000-2003
wlebSi);
 sityvis gaTavisuflebis pirveli etapis gadasvla TavisuflebasTan
pasuxismgeblobis Sexamebis momdevno stadiaze, saxelmwifo interesis
gamoxatvis simptomebi, qarTul presaSi SeiniSneba 2002 wlidan, roca
203
 saqarTvelo akeTebs ganacxads nato-Si Sesvlis survilze, roca
saqarTveloSi, aSS-is daxmarebiT, iwyeba “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis
programa” da a.S.
 saanalizo periodis presa gamoirCeva politizebis maRali xarisxiTa da
personificirebis tendenciiT; gamocemebis umetesoba midrekilia
“siyviTlisaken” (Sesabamisad, skandalebisa da “sensaciebisaken”); amis
gamo umTavresad presis yuradRebis arealSi eqceva ara sazogadoebrivad
aqtualuri, aramed “kuluarul informaciebsa” da “sarwmuno wyaroebze”
agebuli Temebi; wina planze wamoweulia presis interpretaciebi da ara
verificirebuli faqtebi;
 TiTqmis yvela umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti qveynis sazogadoebriv-
politikuri cxovrebisa ganixileba saxelisuflo brZolebisa da
pirovnuli dapirispirebis WrilSi; personebze orientireba ar niSnavs
imas, rom presis yuradRebis arealSi sazogadoebriobis farTo
warmomadgenlebi eqcevian; presis yuradRebas iqcevs mxolod
saxelisuflo personebis garkveuli kategoria, politikosebi, isev
presis meSveobiT generirebuli e.w. cnobadi saxeebi.
 ara mxolod informaciis, xSirad komentaris pirvelwyaros dadgenac
SeuZlebelia, radganac presa iSveliebs “eqspertTa azrs”, romlis miRmac
zogjer, SesaZloa, isev Jurnalistis, an gamocemis pozicia
igulisxmebodes. rac Seexeba eqspertebs, aqac ori ukiduresoba
SeiniSneba _ an wlebis manZilze mudmivad erTi da igive eqspertebs
mimarTaven TiTqmis yvela Temisa da sakiTxis komentirebisTvis
(magaliTad, ramaz sayvareliZe, gia nodia, soso cincaZe, paata
zaqareiSvili, ramaz klimiaSvili da a.S.); an, ama Tu im dargis
Cveulebrivi specialisti warmodgenilia eqspertis rangSi; raxan
sazogadoebriv-politikuri aspeqtebi prioritetulia, Sesabamisad,
presaSi eqspertebi figurireben TiTqmis yoveldRe, ara mxolod
mimdinare procesebis, aramed, nebismieri politikuri Tu skandaluri
frazis komentirebis sababiT.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom “vardebis revoluciis” wina periodSi (2002-2003
wlebi), presam, saerTo jamSi, sakmaod kargad gaarTva Tavi sazogadoebis
samoqalaqo aqtivobis gazrdis funqcias, dasavluri orientaciisaken swrafvas;
SesaZloa, zedmeti iluziac Seuqmna TavisTavsa da sazogadoebasac, rom isini,
qveynis politikuri cxovrebis “saqmis kursSi” arian (detalebisa da
kuluaruli Worebis CaTvliT), maSin, roca es “aisbergis wveri” iyo da Cveni
204
qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli procesebi, arc
Tu iSviaTad, wyalqveSa mdinarebiT miedineboda. presam, movlenebisTvis win
gaswrebac aiZula sazogadoebas (ar daaloda saarCevno rotacias) da didi
wvlili Seitana “vardebis revoluciaSi”.
amasTan, rogorc sadisertacio naSromis pirvel TavSi aRvniSneT,
“vardebis revoluciis” Semdgom periodSi erTgvarad damuxruWda qarTuli
mediis ganviTarebis procesi; cenzurisa da TviTcenzuris garda (rac
telemediasTan mimarTebaSi ufro aSkaraa), mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs profesiuli
donis daweva; es, JurnalistTa profesiuli kadrebis sxva sferoebSi
gadanacvlebis garda, Cveni azriT, imanac ganapiroba, rom am etapze media
(gansakuTrebiT, presa) aRar ganixileba iseT mniSvnelovan aqtorad,
rogoradac “vardebis revoluciis” wina periodSi.
jerjerobiT CvenSi samoqalaqo sazogadoeba ar misula im kondiciamde,
rom masmedias sazogadoebis interesis gamoxatva “aiZulos”. amasTan,
mediisTvis araxelsayreli biznes-garemo ganapirobebs sazogadoebriv-
politikuri presisa da e.w. bulvarulis daaxloebas, an sulac erTmaneTSi
aRrevas; amdenad, usamarTloba iqneba rom medias davakisroT mTeli
pasuxismgebloba politizebis maRali xarisxis, sazogadoebis “fxizeli
guSagis” funqciis verSesrulebis, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis aspeqtebisaTvis
gverdis avlis gamo. ar unda vecadoT iluziis Seqmnas, TiTqos Jurnalists
SeeZlos Tavisi damkveTis/damqiraveblis, xolo redaqcias _
gamomcemlis/mepatronis interesis ignorireba.
“problema is ki ar aris, rom masobriv sainformacio saSualebebs ar
SeuZliaT axali ambebis xarisxiani gaSuqeba, aramed is, rom sazogadoeba amas
arc iTxovs”, _ amboben “amerikuli demokratiis” avtorebi _ qeneT janda,
jefri m. beri da jeri goldmeni. (77, 151) “moqalaqeebi Tanabari cinizmiT
gaimsWvalnen mediisa da politikis mimarT, radgan es ukanasknelni mxolod
erTmaneTTan awarmoeben dialogs da maT am urTierTobaSi aranairad arc
monawileobs xalxi”, _ esec amerikeli mkvlevarebis _ luis a. fridlendis,
jei rozenis da liza ostinis Tvalsazrisia. (6, 13-14)
ara mxolod es citatebi, aramed bil kovaCisa da tom rozenstilis
cnobil wignSi (“Jurnalistikis elementebi”) asaxuli, aTaswleulebis mijnaze
amerikuli mediasivrcis viTarebis Seswavlis Sedegad miRebuli suraTi da
daskvnebi (“farTo sazogadoebrivi interesis dakmayofilebis nacvlad, Cveni
profesia zians ayenebs sazogadoebaso”) (34, 10-11), bevri ramiT gvagonebs
qarTuli mediis winaSe mdgom problemebs. paradoqsia, magram faqtia, rom

205
demokratiulobis etalonad miCneul amerikul mediasa da “gardatexis asakSi”
myof qarTul medias saerTo konceptualuri problema aqvT; rom sazogadoebis
interesebidan gadaxveva mxolod qarTuli mediis dilema ar aris. oRondac,
gansxvaveba isaa, rom Cvenma mediam “mokleze moWra” da gamotova ganviTarebis
is etapi, romelmac dasavluri media sazogadoebis “fxizel guSagad”
Camoayaliba.
demokratia, upirvelesad, arCevanis Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofaa.
qarTuli presac, Cveni azriT, maSin gadava ganviTarebis ufro maRal etapze,
roca Seiqmneba jansaRi konkurenciisa da pluralizmis garemo da farTo
arCevanis saSualeba miecema ara mxolod mediamomxmarebels, aramed, Tavad
mediasaSualebebsa da Jurnalistebs.

206
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forma”, “dilis gazeTi”, 12 Tebervali, 2001

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93. gelantia, rafiel, “vin unda movides xelisuflebaSi?”, “dilis gazeTi”, 31
maisi, 2002
94. gigaSvili, rusiko, “gabruvdiT, daboldiT, magram foCian kanfets nu
daxarbdebiT”, “axali versia”, 20 maisi, 2002
95. gigaSvili, rusiko, “vin udiriJorebs arCevnebis gayalbebas?”, ”saarCevno
politikuri bazari kolmeurneobis bazars hgavs”, “axali versia”, 27 maisi,
2002
96. gigineiSvili, marine, “kolegebo, “nanatri” destabilizacia igvianebs!”,
“dro”, 11 ivlisi, 2000
97. giorgobiani, ika, “Cemi prezidenti Cemi mucelia”, “rezonansi”, 8 ivlisi,
2000
98. “dilis gazeTi”, “qobalias sindromi”, 3 oqtomberi, 2000
99. “dilis gazeTi”, “TevdoraZe WaladidSi zviadistebis aqcias moelis”, 3
oqtomberi, 2000
100. “dilis gazeTi”, “vis aZlevs xels destabilizacia saqarTveloSi?,
“dilis gazeTi’”, 20 noemberi, 2000
101. “droni”, “saqarTvelos adgili da roli kavkasiaSi aSS-sa da natos
strategiul mimarTulebebSi”, “droni”, 13 aprili, 2000
102. “dRes”, sainformacio programa, aWaris televizia, 22 aprili, 2001
103. vaSalomiZe, zurab, “drosTan SeWidebulni”, “dilis gazeTi”, 8,9 maisi,
2001
104. TargamaZe, nino, “SevardnaZe putinis direqtiviT awon-dawonis politikas
agrZelebs”, “rezonansi”, 5 dekemberi, 2001
105. TargamaZe, nino, “donald ramsfeldi dRes saqarTvelos mzadyofnas
Seamowmebs”, “rezonansi”, 15 dekemberi, 2001
106. ToiZe, mariam, “prezidenti, Turme, “arc cud xasiaTzea” da “arc raimes
ebRauWeba”, “dilis gazeTi”, 21 aprili, 2001
107. ToiZe, mariam, ”CaixedeT sulSi... dafiqrdiT, vidre rames wamoroSavdeT”,
“dilis gazeTi”, 22 aprili, 2001
108. iverieli, zurab, “mainc ar gamoCnda, vin iqneba SevardnaZis Semdeg, anu,
ra gviCvena 2 ivnisis arCevnebma”, Jurnali “imiji”, #4, 2002
109. imerliSvili, nino, “ruseTis axalgazrda prezidentma babu saxalxod
dagviCagra”, “axali versia”, 3 dekemberi, 2001
110. interviu irina sariSvili-WanturiasTan, “axali Taoba”, 2 maisi, 2000
111. interviu fiqria CixraZesTan, “axali Taoba”, 5 maisi, 2000
112. interviu naira gelaSvilTan, “axali epoqa”, 7 ivlisi, 2000
213
113. interviu ia anTaZesTan, “dilis gazeTi”, 10 ivlisi, 2000
114. interviu gia nodiasTan, “axali 7 dRe”, 5 ianvari, 2001
115. interviu ramaz klimiaSvilTan, “kviris palitra”, 8 ianvari, 2001
116. interviu elizbar javeliZesTan, “axali Taoba”, 13 dekemberi, 2001
117. interviu ramaz sayvareliZesTan, “kviris palitra”, 2001 wlis
Semajamebeli nomeri, 24 dekemberi, 2001
118. interviu robert hanterTan, “24 saaTi”, 2 ivlisi, 2002
119. interviu giorgi WanturiasTan, “ruseTi saqarTvelos aSkarad oms ver
gamoucxadebs”, “rezonansi”, 8 agvisto, 2002
120. interviu brius jeqsonTan, “mTeli kvira”, 27 ivnisi, 2005
121. kalatoziSvili, daviT, “qarTul korufcias pinoCetiviT patiosani
generlebi sWirdeba”, “7 dRe”, 20 oqtomberi, 2000
122. kalandaZe, giorgi, “saqarTvelosTan savizo reJims yazaxeTi da
bulgareTic SemoiReben”, “rezonansi”, 12 Tebervali, 2001
123. kalandaZe, giorgi, “nato saqarTvelos realuri usafrTxoebiTi
qolgaa”, “rezonansi”, 13 Tebervali, 2001
124. kalandaZe, giorgi, “TargamaZe politikidan ase advilad ar wava”,
“rezonansi”, 26 marti, 2001
125. kvesitaZe, eka, “SevardnaZes cvlilebebisaTvis aRarc Zala aqvs da aRarc
survili”, “7 dRe”, 29 maisi, 2000
126. kvitaSvili, giorgi, “TbilisSi arCevnebs naTelaSvili moigebs”, “axali
Taoba”, 20 maisi, 2002)
127. kirvaliZe, maTe, “xelisufleba socialur naRmzea”, “alia”, 13 noemberi,
2000
128. kirvaliZe, maTe, “SevardnaZe belgradis sindromze zis”, “alia”, 16
noemberi, 2000
129. kirvaliZe, maTe, “da amitomac mze CrdiloeTidan amodis”, “alia”, 4
dekemberi, 2001
130. kirTaZe, nestan, “viRacas Zalian unda, rom saqarTveloSi qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrioba ar Sedges”, “marTali gazeTi”, #5, agvisto, 2000
131. liTaniSvili, irakli, “qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”,
“Jvanias hqonda politikosisaTvis aucilebeli ramdenime Tviseba”
“dilis gazeTi”, 25 maisi, 2000
132. liTaniSvili, irakli, “qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”,
“yvelaze Zlieri da perspeqtiuli figura... SevardnaZis Semdeg” “dilis
gazeTi”, 26 maisi, 2000
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 133. liTaniSvili, irakli, “qarTuli politikuri goni _ miTi Tu realoba”,
“vin gadasZalavs _ Jvania Tu SevardnaZe”, “dilis gazeTi”, 30 maisi, 2000
134. lolaZe, nino, “vin moqmedebda ruseTis scenariT _ TargamaZe-
patarkaciSvili Tu Jvania-saakaSvili?”, “axali versia”, 26 noemberi 2001
135. maRlaferiZe, vasil, “genetikuri antievropeizmi”, “rezonansi”, 17 aprili,
2000
136. metreveli, nino, “burjanaZe Jvaniasa da SevardnaZis mieraa Seqmnili”,
Jurnali “sarke”, 15-21 oqtomberi, 2003
137. mirotaZe, ani, “saSemodgomo mRelvareba albaT gardauvalia”, “axali
Taoba”, 5 seqtemberi, 2000
138. mirotaZe, ani, “dRevandeli aqciebiT Jvania qulebs iwers”, “axali Taoba”,
18 noemberi, 2000
139. mirotaZe, ani, “amboben, aqciebi Jvanias da “mxedrionis” mxridan aris
provocirebuli”, “axali Taoba”, 16 noemberi, 2000
140. mirianaSvili, Temur, “ramdenime Strixi zurab Jvaniasa da misi gundis
portretisa”, “axali Taoba”, 20 aprili, 2000
141. mkervaliSvili, lado, “rodis ganviTardeba saqarTveloSi
demokratia?”, “axali Taoba”, 19 maisi, 2000
142. mWedliSvili, zurab, “ramsfeldis umniSvnelovanesi viziti Sedga”,
“kviris palitra”, 17 dekemberi, 2001
143. “naSuadRevs”, t/k “pirveli arxi”, 16 noemberi, 2001
144. nikuraZe, rusudan, “ratom “gamoamwyvdia” ruseTma teroristebi pankisis
xeobaSi?”, “droni”, 11 ianvari, 2001
145. nikuraZe, rusudan, “moskovSi xumrobdnen, “SevardnaZes Sin ar
Caesvlebao”, “droni”, 4 dekemberi, 2001
146. nodia, naTia, “am xelisuflebis politikuri kursi qveyanas TurqeTis
guberniobas uqadis”, “marTali gazeTi”, #60, dekemberi, 2001
147. papunaSvili, maia, “erTi kvira, anu, igiveni da ivane merabiSvili”,
“axali 7 dRe”, 20 aprili, 2001
148. popiaSvili, magda, “ministrTa kabinetma Cailuris wyali dalia”, “alia”,
16 maisi, 2000
149. ramiSvili, levan, “eduard damabnelebeli” uSuqobas Seewireba!”,
“rezonansi”, 15 noemberi, 2000
150. ramiSvili, levan, “revoluciidan revoluciamde erTi nabijia”,
“rezonansi”, 18 noemberi, 2000
151. “ra xdeba presis sanaxebSi”, “dilis gazeTi”, 10 ivlisi, 2000

215
152. “rezonansi”, “saqarTvelo aris sasinji qva, romelic ruseT-amerikas
Soris urTierTobas gaarkvevs, “rezonansi”, 10 ianvari, 2001
153. rusitaSvili, Tea, “didi politikuri SeTqmuleba csk-Si da revanSi 2,5
milionad”, “qronika”, 20 maisi, 2002
154. sanebliZe, armaz, “saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba axal fazaSi
Sedis”, “saqarTvelos respublika”, 2 dekemberi, 2001
155. saqarTvelos prezidentis pres-samsaxuris gancxadeba, “saqarTvelos
respublika”, 2 agvisto, 2002
156. saqarTvelos prezidentis radiointerviu, “saqarTvelos respublika”, 6
agvisto, 2002
157. telekompaniebi: “I arxi”, “me-9 arxi”, 4-6 ianvris sainformacio
programebi, 2002
158. tuRuSi, laSa, saredaqcio statia, “rezonansi”, 22 maisi, 2000
159. “uol sTriT jornal”, “moskovis uzarmazari zewola saqarTveloze”,
“droni”, 13 ianvari, 2001
160. faCulia, merab, “saqarTvelo optimizmis mixedviT msoflioSi meorea”,
“rezonansi”, 17 ianvari, 2005
161. firaliSvili, zaza, “gaWianurebuli revolucia”, “marTali gazeTi”,
#^3,4, ivlisi, 2000
162. RoRoberiZe, zurab, “Sexvedra moskovSi _ saqarTvelosTvis brZola
gadamwyvet fazaSi Sedis”, “7 dRe”, 24 maisi, 2000
163. SatakiSvili, rezo, “ratom gvaSineben katastrofis molodiniT, anu ra
gansxvavebaa Suqsa da zviads Soris”, “dilis gazeTi”, 20 noemberi, 2000
164. CafiZe, eliso, “wrTvnisa da aRWurvis programa ar unda CaiSalos”,
“rezonansi”, 20 ivlisi, 2002
165. CafiZe, eliso, “morige redaqtoris sveti”, “rezonansi”, 1 agvisto, 2002
166. WabaSvili, kaxa, “saqarTvelo mesame msoflio omis wina xazze”, “axali
meridiani”, 24 seqtemberi, 2001
167. xatiaSvili, qeTi, “ruseTi Tu DdasavleTi... iqneb neitraliteti?”,
“alia”, 13 Tebervali, 2001
168. xatiaSvili, qeTi, “nino burjanaZis sensaciuri reitingi”, “alia”, 2
seqtemberi, 2003
169. xatiaSvili, luka, “dRes SevardnaZes buSis saidumlo werils
gadascemen”, “rezonansi”, 3 agvisto, 2002
170. xorbalaZe, Tamar, “didi” klounada” saqarTveloSi”, “droni”, 8
dekemberi, 2001

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171. xurciZe, mamuka, “ruseTis qarTvelofobiuri demarSebi yovelgvar
kompromiss gamoricxavs”, “axali meridiani”, 12 oqtomberi, 2001

217