baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebaTa fakulteti

slavistikis departamenti

Tamar diasamiZe

verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikacia etiketur

formulebSi

F
(filologiis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad
warmodgenili naSromi
specialoba: eneTmecniereba (Targmanmcodneoba)

samecniero xelmZRvaneli,
asoc.prof. fil.m\k q. svaniZe

baTumi - 2012

1
 sarCevi

Sesavali ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Tavi I. komunikaciis lingvokulturologiuri buneba....................................................9

I.I. komunikaciis kulturologiuri arsi.......................................................................... 9

I.II komunikaciis verbaluri da araverbaluri aspeqtebi...............................27

Tavi II. araverbaluri komunikaciis kulturaTSorisi aspeqtebi........................53

Tavi III. socialuri ierarqia etiketur formulebSi kulturaTSorisi

komunikaciis procesSi.....................................................................................................................................92

daskvna............................................................................................................................................................................126

gamoyenebuli literatura........................................................................................................................128

2
 Sesavali
epoqalurma socialur-politikurma Zvrebma, rac paradigmis
SecvliT dagvirgvinda, mniSvnelovnad gazarda pirovnebisadmi interesi.
es interesi daemTxva mecnierebis ganviTarebis axali paradigmis,
anTropocentrizmis Camoyalibebis epoqas, romelmac humanitarul
mecnierebebs kvlevis axleburi perspeqtivebi dausaxa.
Mme-20 saukunis bolo aTwleulSi warmoiSva axali enobrivi
koncefciebi, gamoikveTa kvlevis axali mimarTulebani, romelmac
enaTmecnierebaSi ZiriTad amocanad “adamianis faqtoris” gaTvaliswineba
daisaxa. Sesabamisad, axleburad daisva rigi lingvistur-filosofiuri
sakiTxebi, romelTagan mniSvnelovania azrovnebisa da enis
urTierTkavSiris, adamianis individualuri inteleqtualuri, emociuri,
Sinagani mdgomareobis, paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis swori gageba,
fsiqologiuri Tvisebebis erTiani asaxva axal enobriv paradigmaSi.
amasTan erTad, gamoikveTa meTodologiuri Zvrebic anTropologiuri
lingvistikis TvalsazrisiT. samecniero mimoqcevaSi Semovida axali,
yovlismomcveli cnebebi: enobrivi pirovneba, konceptualuri struqtura,
koncepti da iseTi mravalspreqtiani fenomeni, rogoricaa samyaros
enobrivi xati (Кузнецова 2007:44).
Tanamedrove msoflioSi Seqmnil viTarebaSi, rodesac sayovelTao
sazogadoeba midis globalizaciis gziT, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
iZens kulturologiuri xasiaTis kvlevebi, romlebic ayalibeben
zogadsakacobrio kulturis saxes da, amave dros, iZlevian
TviTmyofadobis gamovlenis saSualebas.
Uuaxlesi drois msoflio socialurma, politikurma da
ekonomikurma Zvrebma gamoiwvia xalxebis aqamde arnaxuli migracia da
maTi kulturuli konfliqtic. marTalia, gaiolda erTa Soris
urTierToba, magram Tavi iCina gagebis problemam. es problema erT-erTi
centraluria Tanamedrove epoqaSi, romelic cdilobs gadaWras igi
kulturaTSorisi dialogis, urTierTgagebis gziT.
Aaxali drois mecniereba ama Tu im kulturas Seiswavlis
kompleqsurad, misi ganviTarebis yvela aspeqtSi (cxovrebis wesi,

3
msoflmxedveloba, cnobiereba, mentaliteti, erovnuli xasiaTi, adamianis
sulieri sazogadoebrivi da warmoebiTi moRvaweobis Sedegebi).
Tanamedrove mecnierebis yuradRebis centrSia moqceuli enis,
cnobierebisa da kulturis rTuli urTierTgavlena, rodesac enaSi
aisaxeba yoveli konkretuli eTnosis kulturuli cnobierebis faqtebi,
xolo enobrivi kategoriebi Tavis mxriv gavlenas axdens adamianis
cnobierebaze, gansazRvravs misi azrovnebis tips, msoflaRqmas,
Rirebulebebis sistemasa da socialur qcevas. Aamrigad, adamianis mier
sinamdvilis aRqma ganpirobebulia im eTnojgufis kulturiT, romelsac
igi miekuTvneba, rac aisaxeba mis enaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ena
warmoadgens garkveul kods, romelic iWreba ra azrovnebis yvela
procesSi, ayalibebs adamianis _ enis matareblis pirovnebas, masSi
kodirebul msoflmxedvelobas.
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, enaTmecniereba enas ganixilavs
rogorc “sistemas moqmedebaSi”. Tanamedrove lingvistikaSi adamiani
ganixileba enaTmecnierebis “mTavari obieqtad” da radganac enis
Semoqmedi adamiania, bunebrivia, rom komunikaciuri lingvistika
orientirebuli iqneba adamianze, rogorc metyvel subieqtze. A
Tumca amavdroulad,Mmecnieruli kvleva-Zieba cxadyofs, rom
komunikaciis efeqturad warmaTvaSi did rols asrulebs rogorc
verbaluri, ise araverbaluri niSnebi_prosodiuli da paralingvisturi
elementebi. swored am faqtma ganapiroba, kvlevis obieqtisadmi am
kuTxiT midgoma. Cven vikvlevT komunikacias, rogorc enobriv-kulturuli
fenomenis araverbalur ganzomilebas etiketur formulebSi.
aqedan gamomdinare, sadoqtoro naSromi miznad isaxavs
komunikaciis, rogorc enobriv-kulturuli fenomenisa da misi verbaluri
da araverbaluri ganzomilebebis Taviseburebebis gamokvlevas etiketur
formulebSi; araverbaluri komunikaciis cnebis dazustebas
anTropocentristul da fsiqolingvistur konteqstebSi; araverbaluri
komunikaciis normebis zogadi erovnuli an eTnikuri bunebis
gansazRvras; qarTul diskursSi miRebuli verbaluri da araverbaluri
xerxebis kompleqsur kroskulturul analizs dasavlur da aRmosavlur
kulturebSi. kerZod, Cvens mier Catarebuli kvleva aris mcdeloba,

4
ganisazRvros qarTuli kulturis mimarTeba dasavlur da aRmosavlur
kulturebTan, misi, rogorc am or civilizaciaTa mijnaze arsebuli
kulturis adgili da buneba.
sadoqtoro naSromis mizani gulisxmobs qarTuli araverbaluri
niSnebis Seswavlisa da msoflio araverbalur sistemaSi maTi Sesabamisi
“adgilis miCenis” safuZvelze qarTuli kulturis adgilis, poziciis
gansazRvras.
aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad Cven davisaxeT Semdegi konkretuli
amocanebi: enobrivi procesebis da araverbaluri komunikaciis
urTierTdamokidebulebis gamovlena da komunikaciaSi maTi rolis
diferenciacia; kulturaTSoris konteqstSi verbaluri, araverbaluri da
kreolizebuli teqstebis nairgvarobis dadgena (metyvelebaSi
kreolizeburi teqsti rTuli teqstualuri warmonaqmnia, romelSic
verbaluri da ikonikuri elementebi qmnian erTian vizualur,
struqturul, azrobriv da funqciur mTlianobas, mimarTuls adresatis
kompleqsur pragmatul zemoqmedebaze). Cvens SemTxvevaSi kreolizebulad
moviazrebT Sereuli faqturis (verbaluri da araverbaluri
ganzomilebis mqone teqstebs); qarTuli araverbaluri niSnebis, maTi
mimarTebis gamovlena sxva araverbalur niSnebTan; verbaluri da
araverbaluri komunikaciis ZiriTadi tipebis gamovlena da aRwera.
winamdebareNnaSromis aqtualoba ganpirobebulia Semdegi
garemoebiT: mecnierebma daadgines, rom enis meSveobiT mosaubres
informaciis 35% gadaecema, enasTan erTad arsebobs urTierTobis sxva
uamravi saSualeba, romlebic informacias gadmogvcemen. urTierTobis
aseTi forma mecnierebma gaaerTianes “araverbaluri komunikaciis”
cnebaSi. Jestebi, mimikebi, poza, tansacmeli, varcxniloba, Cveni
garemomcveli sagnebi, Cveni moqmedebis Cvevebi _ yvela eseni urTierTobis
gansazRvrul saxeobas warmoadgenen, romlebmac miiRo araverbaluri
urTierTobis saxelwodeba. e.i. iseTebi, romlebic usityvod xdeba, maTi
wilia informaciis darCenili 65%, romelic komunikaciis procesSi
gadmoicema.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom qarTuli araverbaluri niSnebis
kulturul-erovnuli Taviseburebebis Seswavla, maTi adgilisa da

5
bunebis gansazRvra dasavlur da aRmosavlur kulturebTan mimarTebaSi
ar asaxula qarTul lingvistikaSi, SeiZleba winamdebare gamokvleva
aqtualurad miviCnioT.
aRniSnuli problemis aqtualoba dakavSirebulia, agreTve
araverbaluri niSnebis swor interpretaciasTan, romlis
gaTvaliswinebac agvaridebs gaugebrobiT gamowveul xSir konfliqtebs.
swored am TvalsazrisiT sakvlevi problema aqtualurad migvaCnia.
sadoqtoro naSromis samecniero siaxle Semdegi faqtorebiTaa
ganpirobebuli: naSromSi vikvlevT komunikaciis verbaluri da
araverbaluri niSnebis funqcionirebas etiketur formulebSi, qarTul
kulturasa da sinamdileSi.
naSromis samecniero siaxle mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kvlevis
obieqtia metyveli subieqtis, rogorc konkretuli kulturis
warmomadgenlis, araverbaluri maxasiaTeblebi.
SeuZlebelia zustad vicodeT, Tu ra xdeba meore adamianSi.
SesaZlebelia mxolod varaudebis ageba adresantisagan momavali
verbaluri da araverbaluri signalebis gaSifvris safuZvelze da imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu romeli kulturis warmomadgenlebi arian isini.
me-20 saukunis bolodan moyolebuli, sul ufro naTlad ikveTeba
araverbaluri komunikaciis sferos specialistebis saWiroeba. raoden
gasakviric unda iyos, komunikaciis araverbaluri aspeqtebis
siRrmiseuli da Tanmimdevruli Seswavla mxolod me-20 saukunis meore
naxevarSi daiwyo.
naSromis siaxle da originaloba gamoixateba im faqtSic, rom es
mecniereba TavisTavad axalia. sakiTxis axleburi kuTxis kvleviT da
qarTuli araverbaluri niSnebis SeswavliT, maTTvis Sesabamisi
“adgilis miCeniT” ganisazRvreba qarTuli kulturis Sesabamisi Sris
adgili msoflio araverbalur sistemaSi, razedac Tanamedrove
mecnierebaSi didi moTxovnaa.
naSromis Teoriuli Rirebuleba. specialuri literaturis
gamoyenebisa da enobriv-kulturologiuri kvlevis safuZvelze Cven
gamovyofT erTmaneTisagan komunikaciis pragmatikis verbalur da

6
araverbalur ganzomilebebs da ganvsazRvravT maT rols komunikaciis
procesSi.
Cven mier ganxilul naSromebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia
komunikaciis an mxolod verbalur an mis araverbalur mxareze.
mocemuli naSromis Teoriuli Rirebuleba mdgomareobs komunikaciis
rogorc verbaluri, aseve araverbaluri Teoriuli bazis SeqmnaSi, rac
gulisxmobs komunikaciis aRniSnuli aspeqtebis kompleqsis Seswavlas.
Kkomunikaciis araefeqturoba ganpirobebulia komunikaciis im
strategiaTa gamouyeneblobiT Tu darRveviT, romlebic unda
axasiaTebdes gamonaTqvams komunikaciis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis.
komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba aramarto gamonaTqvamis
mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris qcevis swori Sefasebis
unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi swored is elementebia,
romelTa mniSvnelobiTac grZnobebs mZime gancdebs da emociebs ufro
srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT Tu ra damokidebuleba gvaqvs
sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamsa da komunikantis mimarT.
araverbalur enas erTi unikaluri Tviseba aqvs: mas SeuZlia “gasces”
komunikanti imdenad, ramdenadac misi saSualebiT vlindeba komunikantis
WeSmariti, SeuniRbavi saxe. swored kinesikuri maxasiaTeblebis
“wakiTxvis” unari, gvexmareba imaSi, rom daveWvdeT mosaubris
gamonaTqvamSi da davinaxoT misi realuri saxe.
erTi da igive Jesti sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqmeba kulturis
gansxvavebul tipebSi. Cveni TvalsazrisiT, sxvadasxva kulturis
warmomadgenlebTan urTierTobis procesSi verbaluri Tu araverbaluri
niSnebis gamoyenebis dros sifrTxile da didi yuradReba gvmarTebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, marTebulia mocemul kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis
winaswar Seswavla da Tu ara varT darwmunebuli, UTu rogor aRiqmeba
Cven mier gamoyebebuli Jesti sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi
avaridoT mis demonstrirebas.
naSromis praqtikuli Rirebuleba. warmodgenili naSromi sintereso
iqneba im mecnierebisaTvis, vinc daiteresebulia verbaluri da
araverbaluri komunikaciis Taviseburebebis SeswavliT etiketur
formulebSi, vinc ikvlevs inglisuri da qarTuli etiketuri

7
formulebis ganpirobebulobas Sesabamisi kulturebis verbaluri da
araverbaluri meqanizmebiT. Mmisi debulebebi SeiZleba gaxdes
speckursebisa da specseminarebis Sinaarsis nawili iseT dargebSi,
rogorebicaa kulturologia, lingvokulturologia, kulturaTSorisi
komunikaciebi, TargmanTmcodneoba.
naSromis struqturasa da moculobas gansazRvravs kvlevis miznebi
da amocanebi. igi moicavs 133 nabeWd gverds. sadoqtoro naSromi Sedgeba
Sesavlis, sami Tavisa da daskvnisagan; Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli
samecniero literaturis sia.

8
 Tavi I. Kkomunikaciis lingvokulturologiuri buneba
I.I. komunikaciis kulturologiuri arsi
sityva “komunikacia” erT-erTia im mraval ucxo sityvaTagan,
romlebic dReisaTvis farTod gamoiyeneba enaSi. igi warmoiSva laTinuri
sityvisagan “Communico”, rac niSnavs “saerTos vxdi, vakavSireb,
vurTierTob”.
sayuradReboa is faqti, rom sxvadasxva mecnieri gansxvavebulad
gansazRvravs sityva “komunikacias”.
yvelanairi komunikacia warmoadgens or aspeqts: Sinaarsis da
formis urTierTobas, sadac meore Seicavs pirvels, komunikaciis
Sinaarss ki warmoadgens informacia, misi mizania Setyobinebis gadacema,
igi gamoiyeneba rogorc sityva “urTierTobis” sinonimi (Макаров 2003: 13).
Ee.i. komunikacia aris urTierToba, kavSiri. Aadre komunikaciis nacvlad
iyenebdnen sityva “urTierTobas”, romelic moicavda adamianTa Soris
arsebuli uSualo kontaqtebis yvela formas, dRes ki komunikaciam
TiTqmis srulad Secvala sityva “urTierToba”, daimkvidra misi adgili
da warmoadgens gansakuTrebuli Seswavlis sagans sxvadasxva
mecnierebaSi.
sityva “komunikaciis” meore mniSvnelobaa Setyobinebis gzebi,
satransporto kavSirebi, miwisqveSa komunaluri qselebi. magaliTad,
miwisqveSa, sahaero da sxva komunikaciebi, sakomunikacio sistema. Cven
gvainteresebs termin “komunikaciis” Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba, radganac
Cveni Seswavlis obieqts swored adamianTa Soris urTierToba
warmoadgens. am mniSvnelobasTanaa dakavSirebuli terminis cnebis
mecnieruli gansazRvrac. mocemul lingvistur enciklopediur
leqsikonSi “komunikacia adamianTa urTierTqmedebis specialuri formaa
maTi SemecnebiT -SromiTi moqmedebis procesSi” (Гойхман 2005:6).
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom mwerebi, frinvelebi, cxovelebi
informaciis gacvlis mdidar bgeriT da kinetikur (moZrav) saSualebebs
floben, Tumca maT Soris urTierTqmedebas mecnierebi uwodeben
“biologiurad mizanmimarTul qcevas, mimarTuls adaptaciisaken da
regulirebuls nawilobriv signalizaciiT” (Гойхман 2005:7).

9
 enobrivi komunikaciis mTavari mizania sxvadasxva saxis informaciis
gacvla. cxadia, rom urTierToba xorcieldeba aramarto enis
saSualebiT. uZvelesi droidan adamianTa sazogadoebaSi gamoiyeneboda
urTierTobisa da informaciis gadacemis damatebiTi saSualebebi,
romelTa umravlesobac dRemde arsebobs. magaliTad, afrikis Zireuli
mosaxleoba iyenebs stvenis, signalebis, dafdafebis, zarebis, gongisa da
sxva amis msgavs xmebSi rogorc urTierTobis saSualebebs. “yvavilTa ena”
gavrcelebulia aRmosavleTSi, agreTve im informaciis gamoxatvis
saSualebas warmoadgens, romelTa gadmocema zog SemTxvevaSi sityvebiT
SeuZlebelia. magaliTad, vardi siyvarulis simboloa, sapovnela _
xsovnis da a. S. sagzao niSnebi, SuqniSnis signalebi, signalebis
gadacema almebis meSveobiT, da a. S. _ yvela maTgani informaciis
gadacemis saSualebaa, romelic avsebs adamianTa urTierTobis ZiriTad
saSualebas _ enas.
Tanamedrove komunikaciuri sivrce sakmaod rTuli sistemaa,
romelSic erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili komunikaciis sxvadasxva
tips uWiravs. adamiani ama Tu im situaciaSi gansxvavebulad iqceva da
adamianebTan gansxvavebul urTierTobas amyarebs. garda Aamisa,
komunikaciis bunebasa da Taviseburebebs gansazRvraven informaciis
gadacemis saSualebebis mixedviT, komunikaciis subieqtebiT da a. S.
komunikaciis saxeebis raodenoba sxvadasxva wyaroSi sakmaod gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan. Aamave dros am sakiTxTan funqciuri midgoma saSualebas
iZleva gamovyoT komunikaciis Semdegi saxeebi: informaciuli,
funqcionalur-Semfasebluri, rekreaciuli, damajerebeli da saritualo.
informaciuli komunikacia warmoadgens informaciis gadacemis
process gare samyaros Sesaxeb, romelSic cxovrobs komunikatori da
recipienti. informaciuli Setyobineba aris Sexeduleba ganxilul
faqtorebze, komunikaciis am saxeobas gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba,
vinaidan Cndeba axali informaciuli wyaroebi, romelTa Soris yvelaze
globaluria interneti. internetis wyalobiT xelmisawvdomi xdeba
msoflio samecniero biblioTeka, nebismieri gazeTi, ukanaskneli
siaxleebi.

10
 afeqtur-Semfasebluri komunikacia emyareba dadebiT an uaryofiT
grZnobebs sxva adamianebTan mimarTebaSi. komunikaciis am saxeobaSi ar
aris faqtebi obieqturad Camoyalibebuli, aq aris subieqturoba. yvela
es forma aris afeqtur-Semfasebluri komunikacia. es komunikacia
warmoadgens SesaZleblobas gaaZlieros an Seasustos Sefaseba da
grZnobebis gamoxatva, rac informaciuli komunikaciis SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlebelia. afeqturi komunikaciis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils
warmoadgens empaTia. empaTia gamoixateba or formaSi: pirvel rigSi, is
aris unari grZnobebis verbaluri da araverbaluri gamoxatvisa; Mmeored,
is aris emociaze pasuxis gacema imgvarad, rogorc es saWiro da
SesaZlebeli iqneba mosaubrisaTvis.
rekreaciuli komunikacia urTierTobis sxvadasxva formas moicavs,
romelic mosaubres gantvirTvisa da dasvenebis saSualebas aZlevs.
amgvar komunikacias adamianebi qmnian warmosaxviT situaciebSi, rodesac
awvdian erTmaneTs informacias, yvebian ambebs, anegdotebs da a.S.
rekreaciuli komunikaciis met-naklebad gavrcelebuli formebia:
sxvadasxva saxis diskusia, konkursebi, olimpiadebi da a. S.
damajerebeli komunikacia warmoadgens komunikaciis iseT saxeobas,
romelic mimarTulia romelime moqmedebis stimulirebisaken. is
gamoixateba brZanebaSi, Txovnasa da rCevaSi. amgvar komunikaciaSi
monawileebi zemoqmedeben erTmaneTze. Kkomunikaciis am formaTagan erT-
erTi cnobili aris reklama. masSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani manipulaciis
elementia sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas gadasvla. mniSvnelovania
kulturuli dialogis leqsikac. magaliTad, saubrisas Cven viRimebiT an
vambobT “gTxovT” an “madloba”, ar vaCvenebT mosaubres Cvens ganwyobas.
garegnuli mxarec aseve damajerebel funqcias asrulebs.
mouwesrigebeli, usufTao SesaxedaobiT Cven ganzrax ukuvagdebT sxvebs.
mowesrigebulobiT ki piriqiT, vcdilobT Cven mimarT kargad ganvawyoT
isini, viszec damokidebulia Cveni warmateba. ferTa palitra asrulebs
rogorc afeqtur-Semfaseblur, aseve damajerebel rolebs, radganac
gvexmareba zegavlena movaxdinoT partniorze.
saritualo komunikacia gamoixateba socialurad dadgenil qcevaTa
SesrulebaSi. magaliTad, aviRoT maswavleblisa da moswavlis

11
urTierToba. roca maswavlebeli Sedis klasSi, yvela fexze dgeba.
nacnobebi erTmaneTs esalmebian xelis CamorTmeviT.
komunikaciis kvlevisas gamoyofen masobriv, pirovnebaTSoris da
Sidapirovnul komunikaciebs. es saxeebi SeiZleba davukavSiroT mxolod
pirovnebaTSoris da masobriv komunikaciebs, romlebic warmoadgens
urTierTobis or poluss. pirovnebaTSoris komunikaciur situaciaSi
udides rols asrulebs komunikantTa kulturuli warmomavloba.
kultura ver iarsebebs adamianTa urTierTobis procesis gareSe.
nebismieri kulturis matarebeli yovelTvis adamiania. yoveli individis
Sedareba SeiZleba “kulturul aisbergTan”, misi qceva xom ganisazRvreba
inkulturaciis procesSi RirebulebiT da kulturuli normebiT. isini
gansazRvraven verbalur, araverbarul da paraverbalur komunikaciur
saSualebebs. Cven mier gamoyenebul verbalur da araverbalur
saSualebebs xSirad komunikanti avtomaturad igebs. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi daZabuloba iqmneba.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, adamianTa Soris urTierToba gansxvavdeba
cxovelTa urTierTobisagan radgan, pirveli ganxvavebuli warmatebiTa
da efeqturobiT mimdinareobs. Kkomunikaciis warmateba ganisazRvreba
rigi maCveneblebiT, romelTa Soris umTavresia pragmatikuli da
socialur-fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi.
socialur-fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania
dakmayofileba TviT am procesiT, rodesac araa grZeli pauzebi.
komunikaciis warmateba vlindeba aseve partniorTan kontaqtis
SenarCunebaSi.
Aamrigad, komunikaciis warmatebulobas ganapirobebs adamianis
komunikaciuri qcevis integraluri xasiaTi. Aam konteqstSi
pirovnebaTSorisi komunikacia procesia, romelic regulirdeba rogorc
garkveuli socialuri kanonzomierebiT, aseve kulturulad dadgenili
wesebiT. Ees procesi ganisazRvreba rogorc garegnuli zegavleniT, aseve
adamianis Sinagani mdgomareobiT.
1. kontaqturoba aris specialuri socialuri xarisxi, romlis
safuZvelicaa bunebrivi urTierToba. Ees aris fsiqologiuri kontaqtis
warmarTvisa da ndobis mopovebis unari;

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 2.komunikaciuri SeTavseba warmoiqmneba urTierTgagebis safuZvelze
da komunikaciis iseTi arasasurveli SedegiT xasiaTdeba, rogoric aris
daZabuloba;
3. adaptaciuroba ar niSnavs pirovnuli Tavisuflebis maRal
dones urTierTobebSi. igi gamoixateba Tavdajerebulobasa da sakuTari
principebis rwmenaSi. urTierTobis procesze aseve TviTkontroli,
TviTSegneba, urTierTobis stili zemoqmedebs. miCneulia, rom maRali
TviTkontrolis mqone adamianebi kargad eqvemdebarebian swavlebasa da
aqvT unari survilisamebr moaxdinon zemoqmedeba adamianze. amerikelma
mecnierma v.gudikunstma Caatara gamokvleva, romlis Tanaxmadac
TviTkontrolis xarisxi amerikelebSi ufro maRalia, vidre iaponelebsa
da koreelebSi (Gudykunst 1998: 213).
TviTSegneba aris individis Tviseba, yuradReba miaqcios sakuTar
moqmedebebs. TviTSegnebas aqvs pirovnuli da sazogado aspeqtebi. v.
gudikunstma Tavis kvlevaSi aseve aCvena, rom iaponelebsa da koreelebSi
SiSis faqtori ufro maRalia, vidre amerikelebSi. Ees man imiT axsna,
rom iaponelebi gaurbian gaurkvevlobas.
sazogado TviTSegneba damokidebulia yuradRebasa da
koncentraciaze, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia sxvaze zegavlena da socialuri
konteqstis ignorireba, amitomac is ufro viTardeba individualur
kulturaSi.
urTierTobasa da komunikaciaSi gageba aucilebelia yvelasaTvis.
es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac pirovnebas aqvs unari sxvadasxva situaciaSi
gaugos mosaubres. Kkomunikaciuri gageba miT maRalia adamianisaTvis, rac
ufro midrekilia martoobisken, socialur izolaciaSi cxovrobs igi.
Aamrigad, TviTizolaciisaken midrekili adamiani ufro sworad
aRiqvams mosaubres, vidre socialurad warmatebuli da Tavdajerebuli
individi.
Kkomunikaciis procesSi urTierTobis stili informaciis gadacemis
saSualebaa. ganasxvaveben komunikaciuri stilis Semdeg ZiriTad saxeebs:
dominanturi _ mcdeloba urTierTobaSi sxvisi rolis dakninebisa;
dramatuli -Setyobinebis emociuri Seferilobis momateba;
sadavo - agresiuli an mtkicebiTi;

13
 STambeWdavi _ mosaubreze zemoqmedebis moxdena;
zusti _ urTierTobaSi sizustisa da akuratulobisken miswrafeba;
yuradRebiani _ mosaubris mimarT interesis gamovlena;
aRmafrTovanebeli _ xSirad araverbaluri saSualebebis gamoyeneba;
megobruli _ ubiZgo mosaubres sxva mosaubrisken; sakuTari azris
da emociebis Ria gamoxatva. Aam stilis arCeva damokidebulia kulturul
Rirebulebebze, romelSic mimdinareobs komunikacia. GGudykunsts azriT,
amerikaSi ufro ganviTarebuli da gavrcelebulia sadavo, domimanturi
da STambeWdavi stili, iaponiisaTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia damamSvidebeli
da Ria stili (Колшанский 1984:132)
Ggaresamyaro gavlenas axdens Cvens metyvelebasa da moqmedebaze.
Cven sxvadasxvagvarad viqceviT samsaxurSi, saswavlebelSi, transportSi,
saqmiani an megobruli Sexvedrebis dros. Kkomunikaciis adgili
migviTiTebs Tavisi qcevis wesebze. Aamgvarad dadgenili da daudgeneli
wesebi arsebobs yvela kulturaSi. TviT is adamianebi gansazRvraven
komunikaciis xasiaTs, romlebTanac vurTierTobT.
adamianTa urTierToba iseve usazRvro da mravalferovania,
rogorc TviT adamianTa sazogadoeba. Ees mravalferovneba aisaxeba
komunikaciis sxvadasxva formaSi, tipsa da saxeSi. Tanamedrove
komunakativistikaSi gamoiyofa komunikaciis Semdegi formebi:
pirovnebaTSorisi, masobrivi da kulturaTSorisi.
pirovnebaTSorisi komunikacia niSnavs informaciis gacvlas da mis
interpretacias ori an meti individis mier, romlebic kontaqtSi Sedian
erTmaneTTan. pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis ganmsazRvrel faqtorad
maTi urTierTobebi miiCneva.
Kkomunikaciis bunebisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovania iseTi
faqtorebi, rogorebicaa: dro da monawileTa raodenoba.
pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciisaTvis mniSvnelovania konteqstis codna da
sakuTari poziciis aRqma. Yyoveli adamiani ramdenime socialur jgufs
miekuTvneba. aseTi jgufebi: ojaxi, erovneba, sqesi, da a.S maTSi
gaerTianeba adamians damoukideblobas matebs; Tavidan acilebs mas
socialur izolacias. Kkomunikaciis es forma mTavar rols TamaSobs
adamianis socializaciaSi.

14
 Kkomunikaciis pirovnebaTSorisi xasiaTi iTvaliswinebs, rom aq
saqme gvaqvs adamianTa mcire jgufis uSualo urTierTobasTan, rom isini
teritoriulad axlos cxovroben da aqvT saSualeba ganaxorcielon
ukukavSiri. pirovnebaSorisi komunikacia yovelTvis pirovnuladaa
orientirebuli, radganac dafuZnebulia partnioris unikalurobaze,
iTvaliswinebs partnioris emociur mdgomareobas, pirovnul Tvisebebs da
Tavis mxriv elodeba sapasuxo yuradRebas.
rogorc komunikaciis sxva saxeebi, aseve pirovnebaTSorisi
komunikacia SeiZleba iyos efeqtiani an uefeqto. bevri mecnieri Tvlis,
rom efeqtianobis xarisxi damokidebulia urTierTobis situaciaze.
magaliTad: adamiani SeiZleba iyos warmatebuli komunikatori
TanatolebTan an kolegebTan urTierTobisas, magram kraxi ganicados
sxva asakis an sxva socialuri mdgomareobis adamianebTan.
komunikaciis efeqturobis kvlevis sakiTxma mecnierebi miiyvana
(Smith, Samovar, Porter) daskvnamde, rom efeqtiani pirovnebaTSorisi
komunikacia warmoadgens konkretuli qmedebebis, unarebis, Cvevebis
sistemas, romlebic genetikuri ar aris, isini unda iswavlo.
pirovnebaTSorisi komunikaciis xelovneba ganisazRvreba imiT, Tu
ramdenad SeuZlia adamians aRiqvas da ganaviTaros es qmedebebi.
Cvevebi, unarebi, Tvisebebi, romlebic aucilebelia efeqtiani
komunikaciisaTvis, aisaxeba“komunikaciuri kompetenturobis” cnebaSi. igi
Sedgeba Semdegi fsiqologiuri Tvisebebisgan:
 adamianis unari, moaxdinos komunikaciuri prognozireba im
situaciisa, romelSic urTierToba mouxdeba;
 komunikaciuri xelovneba, e.i. SesaZlebloba ipovo komunikaciis
Temis Sesabamisi taqtika da moaxdino komunikaciuri Canafiqris
realizeba;
 unari, gaerkve sakuTar TavSi, sakuTar da partnioris fsiqologiur
potencialSi;
 TviTganwyobis Seqmnis unari, TviTregulireba urTierTobis
procesSi, fsiqologiuri barieris gadalaxvis unari, emociuri
ganwyoba situaciis Sesabamisad.

15
 Mmasobrivi komuniacia warmoadgens sxadasxva socialuri subieqtis
urTierTqmedebas, romelic xorcieldeba masobrivi informaciis gacvliT
specialuri teqnikuri saSualebebiT, misi ganmasxvavebeli niSnebia
teqnikuri saSualebebis arseboba, romelic uzrunvelyofs informaciis
regulirebas da tiraJirebas, informaciis did socialur mniSvnelobas,
masobriobas, anonimurobas da komunikaciis monawileTa gafantulobas,
komunikaciuri saSualebebis mravalarxianobas.
Mmasobrivi komunikaciis gaCena gamoiwvia iseTma teqnikurma
saSualebebma, rogorebicaa: radio, televizori, telefoni, kabeluri da
kompiuteruli qselebi. Aam garemoebebma ganapiroba komunikaciis am
formebis specifikuroba: SesaZlebloba erTdroulad ramodenime
socialuri jgufis urTierTobisa, uSualo urTierTobis ararseboba
partniorebs Soris, informaciis erTi mimarTuleba da fiqsirebuli
komunikaciuri rolebi, masobrioba, stiqiuroba, komunikaciis obieqtebis
anonimuroba. Tavisi specifikuri daniSnulebisa da mniSvnelobis gamo
masobrivi komunikacia asrulebs sam funqcias: informaciuls,
maregulirebels da kulturologiurs.
informaciuli funqcia gamoixateba aqtualuri informaciis
gadacemaSi mravalricxovan obieqtebze.
maregulirebeli funqcia axdens zegavlenas sazogadoebrivi
Semecnebis, azris, socialuri normebis Camoyalibebaze.
kulturologiuri funqcia moicavs kulturuli Rirebulebebis
Seqmnasa da retranslacias, sxva xalxebis kulturisa da xelovnebis
gacnobas, sakuTari kulturisa da tradiciebis Senaxva kulturologiuri
funqciis realizebis Sedegi Sesabamisi pirovnebis Camoyalibebaa.
erTi kulturis mier sxva kulturis aRiareba da miReba-gaziareba
an piriqiT, misi uaryofa, kacobriobis arsebobis ganmavlobaSi
arsebobda.Aamgvari ganwyoba (midgoma) sxva kulturebis mimarT dRemde
SeiniSneba.
specialistTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom kulturaTSoris
komunikaciaze saubari mxolod im SemTxvevaSia marTebuli, Tuki
adamianebi gansxvavebuli kulturis warmomadgenlebi arian da imas, rac
maT kulturas ar miekuTvneba, sxvisad, magram ara miuReblad Tvlian.

16
 urTierToba kulturaTSorisia maSin, roca masSi monawileebi
ecnobian sxvaTa tradicias, adaTebs, qcevis wesebs, yoveldRiuri
urTierTobis normebs. swored amgvar urTierTobaSi vlindeba, rogorc
Cveuli, nacnobi, aseve uCveulo, ucxo Tvisebebi.
Tavisi arsiT kulturaTSorisi komunikacia pirovnebaTSorisia,
roca misi erT-erTi monawile meoris kulturaSi raimes gansxvavebuls,
misTvis uCveulos aRmoaCens, urTierTobaSi sirTules swored es
gansxvaveba warmoSobs (Samovar, Porter1991:11), radganac mocemul
Setyobinebas gaSifvraven komunikantebi, rasac isini gaugebrobaSi SehyavT
da daZabulobas, mudmiv diskomforts iwvevs. magaliTad: amerikelisaTvis
fexis fexze gadadeba Cvulebrivi movlenaa, imitom misTvis es Zalze
mosaxerxebelia, Tumca aRmosavluri kulturis warmomadgenlisaTvis
mosaubris ase jdoma Seuracxyofaa da yovlad miuRebelia. Aamgvarad,
warmatebuli komunikaciisaTvis sxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan
urTierTobisas unda moiqce ise, rogorc isini iqcevian.
Aarsebobs kulturisadmi ori midgoma. Ppirveli mimarTuleba
lingvistikis istoriaSi ukavSirdeba v.humboldtisa da a. potebnias
saxelebs. Hhumboldti enas miiCnevs mudmiv qmnadobad. Aam midgomis
Tanaxmad komunikacia aRiqmeba, rogorc komunikantebis SemoqmedebiTi
urTierTobis procesi. Hhumboldtis sityvebiT, “roca vsaubrob da
migeben, azrebi ar gadamaqvs Cemi Tavidan meoreSi. imisTvis, rom ifiqro,
unda Seqmna sakuTari azris Sinaarsi, amgvarad gagebisas ar gadmoicema
mosaubris azri, magram msmeneli gebulobs da qmnis Tavis azrs”
(Гумбольдт 1984: 397).
Mmeore midgoma Camoayaliba iakobsonma.Şadresanti ugzavnis
Setyobinebas adresats imisTvis, rom Seasrulos Tavisi funqcia,
aucilebeliaŞ konteqsti, romlis Sesaxebacaa saubari. igi unda iyos
verbaluri, unda aRiqvas adresatma. kodi mTlianad an nawilobriv mainc
saerToa adresantisa da adresatisaTvis. adresatsa da adresats Soris
komunikaciis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa fizikuri arxi da fsiqologiuri
kavSiri (Якобсон 1996: 217).
Aarsebobs komunikaciisadmi sami midgoma:

17
 Mmonologuri – TiToeuli komunikanti cdilobs ganacxados Tavisi
pozicia ise, rom sruliad ar fiqrobs zegavlena moaxdinos mosaubreze.
Ddialoguri - komunikantebi cdiloben gaiTvaliswinon erTmaneTis
individualuri Taviseburebani da Sesabamisad, moaxdinon sakuTari
cnobierebis transformireba.
Aavtokomunikacia warmoebulia dialoguri komunikaciidan. me-me (me
aris me-s permanentuli evoluciis sxva mdgomareoba. Mmoqmedebs
dialoguri komunikacia me-sxva. me ubralod ikavebs sxva pozicias. Ee.i.
avtokomunikacia dialoguri komunikaciis reducirebuli variantia.
Aadamiani Sedis samyaroSi, rogorc gansazRvruli kulturis
warmomadgeneli. is gansxvavdeba sxva kulturaTa warmomadgenlebisagan.
sakuTari kulturis aTviseba mimdinareobs qvecnobierad, gansakuTrebiT
ganviTarebis adreul asakSi. Aadamiani TiTqos moqceulia Tavisi
kulturis CarCoebSi,Aamitom sakuTari kulturis fenomens da bevr
elements is aRiqvams, rogorc Cveulebrivs. zrdasTan erTad adamiani
TviTon cdilobs gaiazros, ra aris misTvis faseuli, SeiTvisos qcevis
normebi, romlebic miRebulia sakuTari kulturisaTvis da miiRos an ar
miiRos is.
sorokinis ganmartebiT, kultura es aris faseulobebisa da
normebis mniSvnelobaTa erToblioba, romelsac floben adamianebi;
agreTve am faseulobebis matarebelTa erToblioba, romlebic naTels
hfenen am mniSvnelobebs (Сорокин 1992: 218).
kultura aris adamianis moRvaweobis gamovlena cxovrebis
sxvadasxva istoriul, individualur, sazogadoebriv, praqtikul,
esTetikur, religiur, Teoriul sferoSi. Kkulturis aseTi ganmarteba
moicavs yvelafers, rac Seqmnilia adamianis fizikuri da gonebrivi
Sromis Sedegad. Ggaremo SeiZleba iyos bunebrivi da xelovnuri.Ppirveli
arsebobda adamianamde, meore ki Seqmnilia adamianis mizanmimarTuli
moRvaweobis Sedegad.
kulturis cneba Zalian farTo da mravalSriania. mas ikvleven,
socialuri da humanitaruli mecnierebis warmomadgenlebi. Tanamedrove
mkvlevrebi SeTanxmdnen, kultura ganixilon rogorc mniSvnelobis
ganmsazRvreli procesebi. rogorc l. ionini aRniSnavs,K”kulturis

18
sociologia iTvaliswinebs interdisciplinuri midgomebisa da
sociologiuri safuZvlebis sinTezs” da, aqedan gamomdinare, ikvlevs
mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvrel procesebs sami mimarTulebiT: mniSvnelobis
gansazRvra yoveldRiur qmedebaSi, mniSvnelobis institucionaluri
warmoeba da saerTo mentaluri CarCoebi, romelTa saSualebiTac iqmneba
mniSvneloba (Ионин 1996:93)
kultura xSirad moiazreba iseT ramed, rac gvakavSirebs Cveni
jgufis sxva wevrebTan da am gansxvavebis safuZvelze Cven sxva jgufebis
wevrebs vemijnebiT. Tu Cven viziarebT garkveuli adamianebis
msoflmxedvelobas, damokidebulebas ama Tu im sakiTxisadmi, cxovrebis
wess, qcevas, Cvens Tavs mivakuTvnebT imave kulturasa Tu subkulturas.
aseve SegviZlia visaubroT “kulturul sxvaobaze”, rodesac axal
situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT an axal jgufTan gviwevs urTierToba da
vxedavT, rom CvenTvis misaRebi samyaros Semecnebis gzebi da qmedeba
gansxvavdeba maTgan. Aam kuTxiT danaxuli kultura SeiZleba
warmoadgendes mTel jgufs an sazogadoebas da amrigad, Cven
ganvasxvavebT erTmaneTisagan sxvadasxva xalxis kulturebs.
Kkulturis aseTi gageba gamoikveTa me-19 saukunis evropaSi. Aam
periodSi evropelebis mier wamowyebulma kvleviTma mogzaurobebma Tu
dapyrobebma ganapiroba evropelebis dafiqreba kulturuli
gansxvavebulobebis Sesaxeb, ramac Tavis mxriv xeli Seuwyo SedarebiTi
azris ganviTarebas gansxvavebul sazogadoebebTan mimarTebaSi. SemdgomSi
es tendencia Tanamedrove epoqaSi damkvidrda da gadamwyveti roli
iTamaSa anTropologiis, rogorc disciplinis CamoyalibebaSi. kulturis
anTropologiuri gagebiT, adamianebis cxovrebis wesi ganisazRvreba maTi
kulturis mier da masSi gamoixateba. Kkultura vlindeba yvelaferSi,
dawyebuli Sromis iaraRebidan, damTavrebuli religiiT. Mme-19 saukunis
evropaSi kulturebi ganixileboda socialuri progresis Sesaxeb
evropuli warmodgenebze dayrdnobiT da, Sesabamisad, evropuli
kulturebi msoflio ierarqiis yvelaze maRal safexurze iyo
ganlagebuli.
Mme-20 saukuneSi evropuli kulturis upiratesobis Sesaxeb
gancxadebebi Semcirda. Ees ganapiroba koloniurma da postkoloniurma

19
socialurma urTierTobebma, dominanturi da maTze daqvemdebarebuli
jgufebs urTierTdamokidebulebam. kulturuli ierarqiis cnebis
uaryofiT kultura gagebul iqna, rogorc pluraluri da SedarebiTi
fenomeni, gansxvavebul “kulturebs” Tanabari Rirebuleba mieniWaT.
Kkulturis gansxvavebuli gagebac arsebobs. Aam SemTxvevaSi Cven
kulturuls vuwodebT garkveul RonisZiebebs an materialur nivTebs.
magaliTad: opera, Teatri, xalxuri cekvebi, simRerebi, novelebi,
xelovneba Tu arqiteqturuli stili. Kkulturis cnebis aseTi gagebis
dros kulturisa da socialuri cxovrebis sxva sferoebi erTmaneTs
emijneba, miuxedavad imisa, vadarebT Tu ara erTmaneTs gansxvavebul
sazogadoebebs. gansakuTrebuli kulturuli praqtikisa da sagnebis
saSualebiT garkveuli informacia gadaecemaT sxva adamianebs Cvens
Sesaxeb, anu Tu ra warmoadgens CvenTvis Rirebuls da gamoxatavs Cveni,
rogorc jgufis identobas. kulturis anTropologiuri gageba
ukavSirdeba danarCen msoflioSi evropul eqspansias, kulturis meore
mniSvneloba ki mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs Seexeba (Соколов 1994:56).
kulturas uwodebdnen kulturuli institutebis mier warmoebuli
industriuli revoluciis dros produqtebis garkveul sferos
inglisSi, Tanamedrove socialur organizaciaze gadasvlam socialuri
diferenciacia da dapirispireba gamoiwvia. movlenebis ganviTarebam
mkveTrad gamijna erTmaneTisgan yoveldRiuri, pragmatuli, konfliqtebiT
aRsavse ekonomikisa da politikis (kapitalizmis axali samyaro,
idustria, demokratia, da revolucia) da xelovnebisa da moralis wminda
idealisturi sferoebi (FemandezF1990:123). xelovnebisa da moralis
sferoebi gamoxatavdnen ufro maRal adamianur SesaZleblobebsa da
Rirebulebebs imisagan gansxvavebiT, rasac Tanamedrove ekonomikuri da
politikuri cxovreba sTavazobda adamianebs. Kkulturis es calke
sferoebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis kritikis safuZvelia; isini
sazogadoebisTvis destruqciuli da zedapiruli aspeqtebis gverdidan
danaxvis da kritikis saSualebas iZleodnen. sxvebisTvis kultura
warmoadgenda epifenomens da politikisa da ekonomikis materialurad
xelSesaxebi sferoebisgan gansxvavebiT hqonda ufro feministuri
xasiaTi. Aamgvarad, kulturis pirveli gageba asocirdeboda

20
anTropologiasTan, xolo meore gageba, humanitaruli mecnierebebis
ramdenime sferosTan-literaturasTan, xelovnebasa da musikasTan.
Kkulturis farTod gavrcelebuli mniSvneloba kargad asaxavs
Tavad cnebis istorias. erTis mxriv, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi termini
SeiZleba exebodes adamianebis saqmianobis im sferosa da specialur
nimuSebs, romlebic gansxvavdeba praqtikuli socialuri cxovrebis
yoveldRiuri samyarosgan an kidev exebodes jgufis an mTeli xalxis
cxovrebis wess. kulturis es arsebuli gansazRvrebebi am cnebas mTeli
misi istoriis manZilze abundovnebda.
rogorc sxva disciplinebi, kulturis sociologia Camoyalibda am
tipis gansxvavebebis fonze da xeli Seuwyo kulturis cnebis
gansazRvras. Mmecnierebi sokolovi da orlova aRniSnaven kulturis
gansxvavebul aspeqtebs, rogorebicaa mniSvneloba, faseuloba, nimuSebi,
ricxvebi, Cveulebebi, ritualebi, simboloebi, kodebi, ideebi, diskursi,
msoflmxedveloba, ideologia Tu principebi; es CamonaTvali ar aris
amomwuravi. Kkulturuli “sagnebis” nebismieri CamonaTvali yovelTvis
iqneba arasruli, imdenad, ramdenadac mniSvneloba da interpretacia aris
aqtiuri da cvalebadi procesi. Uufro metic, aseTi CamonaTvali Tavis
TavSi moicavs mniSvnelovan Teoriul dapirispirebebs im mkvlevarebs
Soris, romlebic xazs usvamen diskursebisa da kulturuli praqtikis
mniSvnelobas, kognitologiur kategoriebs, faseulobebs, vinc
aanalizebs konkretul produqtebs da Rrma teqstobriv nimuSebs, rom
ar CavTvaloT amaTi SesaZlo kombinaciebi, magram bevri es
winaaRmdgegoba da kamaTi moixsneba, Tu Cven kulturas SevxedavT,
rogorc mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli procesebis erTobliobas,
romlebic sxvadasxva tipis socialur garemoSi mimdinareobs da aisaxeba
gansxvavebul socialur praqtikasa Tu socialur produqtSi. aqedan
gamomdinare, kulturis sociologebma SeiZleba gamoikvlion kultura,
rogorc sazogadoebis calke sfero an kultura, rogorc cxovrebis
wesi.
Tanamedrove kulturis sociologia xSirad eyrdnoba
anTropologias, istorias, feministur, media, kulturologiur kvlevebs,
literaturul kritikas, politikur mecnierebas da socialur

21
fsiqologias. kulturis sociologiaSi muSaoba gulisxmobs
interdisciplinuri midgomebis gamoyenebas, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs
SemoqmedebiTad movekidoT Cveni Seswavlis sagans. Tanamedrove kulturis
sociologiaSi gamoikveTa sami mimarTuleba. TiToeuli maTganis
Seswavlis sagania mniSvnelobis ganmsazRvreli procesebi sxvadasxva
analitikur doneze. Cven SevexebiT rogorc mniSvnelobis gansazRvras,
aseve ganvixilavT, Tu rogori urTierTobebi gansazRvravs da Seadgens
mniSvnelobebs da Tu rogor operireben individebi am mniSvnelobebiT.
esa Tu is mniSvneloba SeiZleba ar iqnes gaziarebuli an logikuri
mocemuli jgufis Tu mTlianad sazogadoebis yvela wevris mier. saerTo
normebi, Rirebulebebi, kognituri CarCoebi da moqmedebis aRiarebuli
gzebi ar SeiZleba iyos yvelasTvis gamWvirvale da sworxazovani,Aaramed
konteqstidan gamomdinare individebi da socialuri jgufebi eyrdnobian
mocemuli mniSvnelobebis simbolur repertuarebs.
miuxedavad amisa, erTi da igive adamiani sxvadasxva dros SeiZleba
gansxvavebul qmedebas irCevdes an kidev sxvadasxva xalxi erTsa da imave
konteqstSi ar daeyrdnos analogiur simboloebs.
Tanamedrove humanitaruli mecnierebisaTvis cnobilia kulturis
uamravi ganmarteba.
Kkultura sazogadoebis miRwevaTa erTobliobaa ganaTlebis
mecnierebis, xelovnebis da sulieri cxovrebis sxva dargebSi; am
miRwevaTa gamoyenebis unari warmoebis gasazrdelad da sxva (ucxo
sityvaTa leqsikoni 1989:266).
e.taileri, romelic kulturis cnebis pirveli mecnieruli
gansazRvrebis avtoradaa miCneuli, xazs usvams kulturis socialur
bunebas. misi sityvebiT, `kultura Sedgeba codnis, rwmena-warmodgenebis,
xelovnebis, zneobis, kanonebis, zne-Cveulebebisa da zogi sxva unar-
Cvevisgan, romlebic SeZenilia adamianis, rogorc sazogadoebis wevris
mier~ (Tyler 1988:6).
kultura SeiZleba miviCnioT aseve RirebulebaTa, qcevis normaTa
da standartTa erTobliobad, romelic aregulirebs adamianTa
urTierTobebs erTmaneTTan, sazogadoebasa da bunebasTan
(kulturologia, kulturis istoria da Teoria (2003. 22-24).

22
 kultura ganviTarebis ramdenime stadias gadis:
1. kulturis axali formebis gaCena;
2. tradiciebis Senaxva;
3. kulturis ama Tu im sferos modernizacia, an degradacia;
4. kulturis reinterpretacia.
dResdReobiT interesi kulturis fenomenisadmi gamowveulia
uamravi garemoebebiT. Kkultura usazRvro da amouwuravia, amitom misi
gageba da ganmartebis Camoyalibeba sakmaod rTulia. Tanamedrove
kulturologiur mecnierebaSi arsebobs 400-ze meti ganmarteba, magram
arc erTi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos amomwuravad da srulad.
Aarc erTi kultura izolirebulad ar arsebobs. Tavisi arsebobis
procesSi is mimarTavs Tavissave warsuls an sxva kulturebis
gamocdilebas. nebismieri kultura Tavisi arsebobisa da ganviTarebis
procesSi niSanTa sistemas qmnis. Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSi
kacobriobam Seqmna yofaqcevis bevri niSani, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia
misi moRvaweobis nebismeri saxeoba. Aadamianis am niSnebis da niSanTa
sistemebis qona niSnavs sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi CarTvas.
Eena aris niSanTa sistema, ramdenadac niSnebis saSualebiT ideebs
gamovxatavT, ena SesaZlebelia SevadaroT damwerlobas, yru-munjTa
anbans, simbolur ritualebs, samxedro signalebs da a.S. is qmnis niSanTa
sistemas, sadac mxolod azrisa da bgeriTi xatis urTierTmimarTebaa
arsebiTi da sadac orive mxare (e.i. azri/mniSvneloba da bgeriTi xati)
Tanabrad aris warmodgenili fsiqikurad (sosiuri 1931:19). es
mravalricxovani niSani da niSanTa sistema, romlebic adamianis
sazogadoebaSi arseboben, Seadgenen ama Tu im drois kulturas,
TiToeul niSanSi devs garkveuli azri. Ees imas niSnavs, rom nebismier
niSans aqvs Tavisi forma da Sinaarsi. niSnebis Sinaarsi warmoadgens
rTul informacias maTTis, visac maTi wakiTxvis unari Seswevs.
yofaqcevis, tradiciebisa da wes-Cveulebebis formebi arsebobs mxolod
kulturis sisitemaSi. maTi gadacema Taobidan Taobaze SesaZlebelia
mxolod niSnebis meSveobiT.
Kkulturebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan komunikaciis
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT sxva kulturasTan urTierTobisas.

23
 socialurma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom sxva kulturis
warmomadgenlebi Sida jgufur, individualur kulturaSi ufro advilad
amyareben urTierTobas, vidre koleqtiurSi. amis mizezi aris is, rom
koleqtiuri kultura yoveli wevrisagan moiTxovs jgufTan iseT
Serwymas, rom mocemul momentSi Tavi gamoavlinos, rogorc koleqtivis
wevrma, xolo individualurSi adamiani ise iqceva, rogorc TviTon
CaTvlis saWirod.
imis dasadgenad, Tu raoden Znelia erTi kulturis meoresTan
kontaqti, kulturul anTropologiaSi gaCnda iseTi gageba, rogoricaa
“kulturuli distancia”.
“kulturuli distancia” afiqsirebs erTi elementis gansxvavebas
gansxvavebul kulturaSi. Eesenia: klimati, samosi, ena, religia,
ganaTleba, materialuri komforti, ojaxuri struqtura da a.S.
Aase, magaliTad, dasavluri kulturis warmomadgenlebi
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas urTierTobis arss aqceven, imas, Tu ra iTqvas
da is, Tu rogor iTqva, amitom maTi komunikacia damokidebulia
konteqstze. AaseTi kulturebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia informaciis
gacvlis kognituri stili, romlis drosac didi mniSvneloba aqvs
logikur gamoTqmebs. aseTi kulturebis warmomadgenlebi cdiloben
ganaviTaron TavianTi metyveleba. Aamerikelebis umravlesoba
yoveldRiur urTierTobebSi iyenebs mokle gamonaTqvamebs. isini
erTmaneTs kiTxvebs usvamen, pasuxs ki ar elodebian. magaliTad: rogora
xar? Kkargi amindia ara? Aamerikuli kulturis individualizmi aiZulebT
maT gamoxaton azri mokled da konkretulad.
aRmosavluri tipis koleqtiur kulturebSi informaciis gadacemis
dros xalxi did yuradRebas aqcevs Setyobinebis konteqsts. Ees
gansakuTrebuloba gamoixateba gadmocemis formaSi, Tu rogor iTqva, da
ara is, Tu ra iTqva. aRmosavluri kultura saxiaTdeba metyvelebis
arakonkretulobiT, magaliTad: albaT, SesaZlebelia, iqneb, SeiZleba,
amitomac iaponelebi saqmiani urTierTobisas laparakoben saqmis irgvliv,
da ara uSualod saqmeze. aseTi strategia maT saSualebas aZlevs
ukeTesad gaigon partnioris Canafiqri.

24
 KkulturaTSorisi komunikaciis dargSi dakvirvebisa da
gamokvlevebis Sedegad SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom maTi Sinaarsi
ZiriTadad damokidebulia romelime kulturaSi yofaqcevis normebze da
sxv.
Kkultura da komunikacia urTierTzemoqmedeben. magaliTad:Yyovel
kulturas ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli warmodgena aqvs,
aviRoT Tundac, Tavazianoba. bevr aziur qveyanaSi Zalze araTavazianad
iTvleba, SeekiTxo partniors saqmis Sesaxeb, Tuki Sen darwmunebuli ar
xar, rom is zust pasuxs gagcems. Tuki amerikelebi pirdapir amboben
rasac fiqroben, iaponelebi da arabebi ar dauSveben, rom partniori
gawiTldes imis gamo, rom mas hkiTxes is, razec pasuxs ver
iZleva,Aamitomac iaponiaSi araTavazianad iTvleba erTi sityviT upasuxo
vinmes: ara. Tu adamians ar surs miwvevis miReba, is ar pasuxobs pirdapir,
is ambobs, rom aqvs bevri saqme, da a.S. dasavleTSi ki aseTi gziT
gaurbian konkretul pasuxebs. NnebsiT Tu uneblieT, mTeli cxovrebis
ganmavlobaSi xalxi Sedis ama Tu im sociokulturuli jgufis
SemadgenlobaSi. TiToeuli aseTi jgufi moicavs mikrokulturas da aqvs
msgavsebac da gansxvavebac. gansxvaveba SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos
socialuri ganwyobiT, ganaTlebiT, tradiciebiTa da sxva miznebiT.
Kkultura gavlenas axdens aramarto komunikaciaze, aramed
TviTonac eqceva misi zegavlenis qveS. xSirad es xdeba inkulturaciis
procesSi, rodesac adamiani komunikaciis ama Tu im formiT iTvisebs
kulturis normebs. Cven kulturas vswavlobT sxvadasxva meTodiT.
magaliTad; kiTxviT, ucnobebis mosmeniT, dakvirvebiT da nacnobebTan da
ucnobebTan urTierTobiT Cven gavlenas vaxdenT Cvens kulturaze,
romelic SemdgomSi komunikaciis erT-erT formad iqceva. Dda bolos,
kulturaTa ganmasxvavebeli niSan-Tvisebebi SeiZleba iyos
interpretirebuli, rogorc verbaluri da araverbaluri kodebis sxvaoba
komunikaciis specifikur konteqstSi. interpretaciis procesze moqmedebs
asaki, sqesi, profesia, komunikaciis socialuri statusi.
aqedan gamomdinare, kulturaTSorisi komunikacia SeiZleba
ganvixiloT, rogorc urTierTobis sxvadasxva formis erToblioba, an

25
rogorc sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTa da maT jgufebs Soris
urTierToba.

26
 I.II komunikaciis verbaluri da araverbaluri aspeqtebi
Yyvela kulturas gaaCnia enobrivi sistema, romlis daxmarebiTac
kulturis matarebelT aqvT erTmaneTTan urTierTobis SesaZlebloba.
mecnierebaSi enobrivi urTierTobebis sxvadasxva formas ewoda
komunikaciis verbaluri saSualebani. cnobil verbalur saSualebebs
ganekuTvneba, upirvelesad, adamianTa metyveleba, radganac metyvelebis
meSveobiT adamianebi Rebuloben da gascemen sasicocxlo, mniSvnelovani
informaciis ZiriTad nawils, TumcaRa, igi warmoadgens enis mxolod
erT-erT elements, amitomac misi funqciuri SesaZleblobani ufro
mcirea, vidre mTliani enobrivi sistemisa.
XXI saukunis lingvistika aqtiurad SeimuSavebs mimarTulebas,
romlis mixedviTac ena ganixileba ara ubralod komunikaciis da
Semecnebis iaraRi, aramed rogorc kulturuli kodi. aseTi midgomis
safuZvels v. humboldtis, a. potebniasa da sxvaTa Sromebi
warmoadgens.Aamas humboldtis sityvebic mosmobs: “Cemi eris enis
sazRvrebi Cemi msoflmxedvelobis sazRvrebia” (Гумбольдт 1984: 397).
Znelia gadaWarbebulad Seafaso enis mniSvneloba nebismieri
xalxis kulturaSi. Aam SefasebaSi ToToeuli mecniereba aRniSnavs Tavis
aspeqts. Kkulturologiur literaturaSi enis mniSvneloba upirvelesad
gadmoicema Semdegi damaxasiaTebeli mtkicebulebebiT.
Eena aris:
 Kkulturis sarke, romelSic aisaxeba aramarto realuri adamianis
garemomcveli samyaro, aramed xalxis mentaliteti, misi erovnuli
xasiaTi, tradiciebi, Cveulebani, morali, iumorisa da faseulobaTa
sistema, samyaros suraTi (Тер-Минасова 2002:56).
 saganZuri, kulturis yulaba, iseve rogorc yvela materialuri da
sulieri faseulobebis codna, dagrovili ama Tu im xalxis mier,
romelic inaxeba enobriv sistemaSi: folklorSi, wignebSi, zepir
da weriT metyvelebaSi.
 kulturis instrumenti, adamianis pirovnebis Camomyalibebeli,
romelic swored enis saSualebiT iTvisebs mentalitets, Tavisi
xalxis tradiciebsa da kulturas.

27
 sxvadasxva samecniero gamocemaSi SeiZleba SevxvdeT enis
gansxvavebul ganmartebas, romelTac saerTo aqvs mTavari: ena
warmoadgens azris gamoxatvisa da urTierTobis saSualebas.Eenis
mravalricxovan funqciaTa Sorisaa komunikacia, romlis varaudiT, enis
gareSe adamianTa urTierTobis nebismieri forma SeuZlebeli xdeba.
Eena emsaxureba komunikacias, magram radganac kulturac, rogorc
specifikuri niSani adamianis garesamyarosTan Serwymisa SeiZleba
dasaxeldes rogorc komunikacia, naTeli xdeba, rom enis kulturisa da
komunikaciis urTierTkavSiri bunebrivi da ganuyofelia.
Eena ar arsebobs kulturis gareSe. is umTavresi komponentia
kulturisa, azrovnebis formaa, adamianuri cxovelqmedebis specifikuri
gamovlenaa, romelic Tavis mxriv warmoadgens enis realur yofierebas,
amitomac ena da kultura ganuyofelia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom enasa da kulturas Soris mWidro kavSiri
arsebobs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar arsebobs ena kulturis gareSe da
piriqiT, kultura enis gareSe. Ees ki imas niSnavs, rom Tu miznad
visaxavT enobrivi faqtis kvlevas, maSin igi unda SeviswavloT
anTropocentrul-komunikaciur da lingvokulturologiur midgomaTa
safuZvelze.
Eenisa da kulturis urTierTmimarTebis problemasTan dakavSirebiT
farTodaa gavrcelebuli v. humboldtis ideebi, romlis mosazrebebiT,
ena warmoadgens “xalxis suls”, xalxis yofierebas. kultura upirveles
yovlisa, enaSi vlindeba. igi kulturis WeSmariti realobaa, kulturis
mxridan ki igi fiqsirebuli Sexedulebaa sakuTar Tavsa da samyaroze.
Hhumboldti werda, rom enis Seswavla ar warmoadgens TviTmizans, yvela
danarCen sferosTan erTad igi emsaxureba saerTo umaRles mizans _
kacobriobis mier sakuTari Tavis da yvelaferi xilulisadmi Tu misgan
dafarulisadmi sakuTari damokidebulebebis Secnobas (Гумбольдт 1984:233).
rogorc v. levi strosi aRniSnavda, “ena erTdroulad kulturis
produqticaa, misi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilic da kulturis
arsebobis pirobac, ufro metic, kulturis arsebobs specifikuri
saSualeba, kulturuli kodebis formirebis faqtebia” (Леви-Строс 1995:68).

28
 enisa da kulturis kavSiri SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogor nawilisa
da mTlianis urTierTmimarTeba.Eena SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc
kulturis komponenti da kulturis iaraRi, magram amavdroulad ena
avtomaturia da SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes kulturisgan damoukideblad.
kulturas qmnis adamiani, pirovneba, swored pirovneba wamoswevs
wina planze adamianis socialuri bunebas, xolo adamiani warmoadgens
sociokulturuli cxovrebis subieqts.
Ppirovneba unda iqnes ganxiluli xalxis, eTnosis kulturuli
tradiciis perspeqtivaSi, radgan adamianSi adamianis dabadebisaTvis
saWiroa kulturul-anTropologiuri prototipi, romlis Camoyalibebac
kulturis farglebSi xdeba.
Eenobrivi pirovnebis SinaarsSi Cveulebriv moiazreba Semdegi
komponentebi:
 Aa) faseulobiTi; b) msoflmxedvelobiTi; g) aRzrdis Sinaarsis anu
Rirebulebis komponenti; d) cxovrebiseuli sazrisis sistema.
 Kkulturologiuri komponenti, anu kulturis rogorc enisadmi
interesis amaRlebis efeqturi saSualebis aTvisebis done,
Sesaswavli enis kulturis faqtebis moSvelieba, romlebic
dakavSirebulia sametyvelo da arasametyvelo qcevis wesebTan,
xels uwyobs enobrivi masalis adekvatur gamoyenebasa da
komunikaciis partniorze efeqturi zemoqmedebis unar-CvevaTa
Camoyalibebas;
 Ppirovnuli komponenti, anu individualuri, siRrmiseuli sawyisi,
romelic yvela adamianSi arsebobs.
Eenobrivi pirovneba karasikis ganmartebiT warmoadgens enobrivi
SesaZleblobebisa da unarebis mravalsaxeobriv da mravalkomponentur
erTobliobas, romelTa klasifikacia, erTis mxriv, xdeba sametyvelo
saqmianobis saxeobebiT (kiTxva, werili, saubari) meores mxriv ki enis
doneebiT (Карасик 2004:21-22).
Kkaraulovma warmoadgina enobrivi pirovnebis sami donisagan
Semdgari struqtura:

29
 verbalur-semantikuri gaTvlilia maTTvis, vinc normalurad
flobs bunebriv enas, da mkvlevarTaTvis warmoadgens garkveuli
mniSvnelobis gamoxatvis saSualebas.
Kkognituris erTeulebia cnebebi, ideebi, konceptebi, met-naklebad
sistematizirebul faseulobaTa amsaxveli samyaros suraTi. TiToeuli
maTgani aseve met-naklebadaa damaxasiaTebeli TiToeuli enobrivi
individualobisaTvis. Ees done warmoadgens pirovnebis inteleqtualuri
sferos gavrcobis saSualebas.
PpragmatulSi Sedis miznebi, motivebi, interesebi. Ees done
uzrunvelyofs enobrivi pirovnebis analizisas kanonzomier gadasvlas
sametyvelo saqmianobis Sefasebisdan realuri qmedebis gaazrebaze
(Караулов 1987:31).
cxadia, rom enobrivi pirovnebis tipologia sxvadasxva kriteriumis
safuZvelze SeiZleba aigos. roca gvsurs ganvixiloT enobrivi pirovneba
lingvokulturologiur aspeqtSi, sayrdenad, amosaval wertilad viRebT
sociokulturul niSans da vadgenT romeli metyveli subieqti
CavTvaloT enobriv pirovnebad da ganvsazRvravT mis models Tu
tipobriv saxes.
Eena es aris is, rac kulturaSi adamianis arsebobis zedapirze
imyofeba, amitom me-19 saukunidan moyolebuli dRemde enisa da kulturis
urTierTmimarTebis, urTierTmoqmedebis sakiTxi enaTmecnierebis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes problemas warmoadgens.Mmisi gadawyvetis pirveli
mcdeloba ekuTvnis v.humboldts, romlis koncefciis ZiriTadi
debulebebi SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes Semdegi saxiT:
 Mmaterialuri da sulieri kultura aisaxeba enaSi;
 Nnebismieri kultura aris erovnuli, misi erovnuli xasiaTi
gamoixateba enaSi samyaros gansakuTrebuli xedvis meSveobiT,
enisaTvis damaxasiTebelia TiToeuli xalxisaTvis specifikuri
Sinagani forma;
 enis Sinagani forma warmoadgens xalxis sulis, misi kulturis
gamoxatulebas;
 Eena warmoadgens Sualedur rgols adamiansa da mis garSemo
arsebul samyaros Soris.

30
 Mme-19 saukunis gamoCenili mecnieri v. humboldti enas moiazrebs,
rogorc sulier Zalas, rogorc garemos, romlis gareSec adamiani ar
arsebobs, adamiani cxovrobs enis garemocvaSi enobriv garemoSi.
rogorc v. humboldti werda, -,, ena aris samyaro, romelic arsebobs
movlenaTa samyarosa da adamianis Sinagan samyaros Soris” (Гумбольдт
1984:423).
Aaqedan gamomdinare, ena ar arsebobs Cven gareSe, rogorc
obieqturi moculoba, igi TviTon CvenSi, Cvens cnobierebaSi, Cvens
mexsierebaSia.
v.a.maslova wers, rom adamiani moiazreba, rogorc garkveuli
erovnebis, mentalobis, da enis matarebeli, romelic monawileobs
erTobliv moRvaweobaSi erovnuli erTobis sxva warmomadgenlebTan
(Маслова 2001:67).
Eena aris erTaderTi saSualeba, romelsac SeuZlia daexmaros
adamians adekvaturad aRiqvas samyaro. v. humboldti enas adamianis gonis
umTavres moRvaweobad miiCnevs.Mmisi azriT, enis adekvaturi
SeswavlisaTvis aucilebelia adamianis cnobierebasTan da azrovnebasTan,
kulturasTan da sulier cxovrebasTan misi mWidro kavSiris
gaTvaliswineba, humboldtisTvis ena xalxis erTiani energiaa, igi
erovnuli formis mqone koleqtiuri movlenaa.Aamdenad, enobrivi
koleqtivi humboldtis moZRvrebis erTdroulad socialur da
lingvistur cnebad gvevlineba (gamyreliZe 2003:465).
Aamrigad, ena warmoadgens kulturis Semadgenel nawils da mis
iaraRs. igi aris kulturis sarke, ena mkadiod gamoxatavs erovnuli
mentalobis specifikur niSan-Tvisebebs.
sepirisa da uorfis hipotezaSi gamoikveTa ori ZiriTadi debuleba.
1. ena gansazRvravs am enaze mosaubre eris azrovnebis xerxebs;
2. realuri samyaros aRqmis xerxi damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra
enaze azrovneben subieqtebi.
sepirisa da uorfis hipoTeza gamomdinareobs debulebidan, rom ena
aris safuZveli im suraTisa, romelic yalibdeba TiToeul adamianSi da
awesrigebs sagnebisa da movlenebis udides raodenobas, romelic gare
samyaroze dakvirvebiT grovdeba.Nnebismieri sagani an movlena xom maSinaa

31
CvenTvis gasagebi, roca mas saxelwodeba aqvs. sagani an movlena,
romelsac saxeli ar aqvs, CvenTvis ubralod ar arsebobs. eZleva ra
saxelwodeba, Cven axal cnebas vrTavT Cveni azrovnebis ukve
Camoyalibebul sistemaSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Cven Segvyavs axali
elementi CvenSi ukve arsebul samyaros suraTSi. Uunda iTqvas, rom ena
aramarto aRwers samyaros, aramed qmnis idealur samyaros Cvens
SegnebaSi. is qmnis realobas.Aadamiani xedavs samyaros ise, rogorc
laparakobs,Aamitom amtkicebs uorfi, rom sxvadasxva enaze mosaubre
adamianebi, samyaros sxvadasxvanairad aRiqvamen (Уорф 1960:162).
enasa da realur samyaros Soris dgas adamiani, enisa da kulturis
matarebeli. zustad is aRiqvams da SeigrZnobs samyaros grZnobiTi
organoebis saSualebiT. Amis safuZvelze eqmneba mas warmodgena
samyaroze. isini Tavis mxriv TavianTi azrebs, daskvnebs, warmodgenebs
gadascemen sxva adamianebs. enasa da realur samyaros Soris dgas
azrovneba (Сепир1993:45).
radganac kulturac da enac xalxis mentalobasTan, anu samyaros
SegrZnebasa da aRqmasTanaa dakavSirebuli, amitom aucilebelia enisa da
kulturis mentalur kategoriebTan mimarTebis problemis gacnobiereba.
v.v.kolesovis azriT, mentaloba warmoadgens samyaros Wvretas
mSobliuri enis kategoriebsa da formebSi, romelic Semecnebis procesSi
aerTianebs erovnuli xasiaTis inteleqtualur, sulier da nebelobiT
Tvisebebs (Колесов 1999: 81).
m. haidegeri werda, rom sityva “suraTi” rom gvesmis, pirvel rigSi
vfiqrobT raRacis asaxvaze. “samyaros suraTi, gagebuli arsebiTad,
aRniSnavs ara samyaros amsaxvel suraTs, aramed samyaros, gagebuls
suraTis saxiT” (Хайдеггер 1991: 96).
i. d. apresiani samyaros enobriv suraTs ë”miamit” suraTs
uwodebs. misi azriT, “samyaros enobrivi suraTi erTgvarad avsebs
obieqtur codnas realobis Sesaxeb da xSirad amaxinjebs mas ă (Апресян
1966:69) sityva garesamyaros, sagansa da movlenas ki ar gadmogvcems,
aramed imas, Tu rogor xedavs samyaros im prizmiT, romelic arsebobs
mis SegnebaSi da romelic determinirebulia misi kulturiT. TiToeuli
adamianis Segneba yalibdeba rogorc individualuri gamocdilebis

32
zemoqmedebiT, aseve inkulturaciis Sedegad, romlis drosac is
winaparTa gamocdilebas eufleba. Aamgvarad, ena ar aris sarke, romelSic
avtomaturad isaxeba gare samyaro, aramed prizmaa, saidanac uyureben
samyaros da romelic yoveli kulturisaTvis sakuTaria. Eena, azrovneba,
kultura imdenad mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli, rom
praqtikulad erT mTlians Seadgens da ar SeuZliaT uerTmaneTod
arseboba. amitomac s.g. terminasova ganasxvavebs adamianis garSemo myofi
samyaros sam formas:
 samyaros realuri suraTi;
 samyaros kulturuli (SemecnebiTi) suraTi;
 samyaros enobrivi suraTi;
swored samyaros kulturuli suraTi aris yvela xalxSi
gansxvavebuli, rac mravali faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli, rogoricaa:
geografia, klimati, socialuri moqyoba, rwmena, tradiciebi, cxovrebis
wesi (Тер-Минасова 2002:41). amrigad, ena aris kulturis faqti, misi
Semadgeneli nawili, enis meSveobiT viTvisebT kulturas. Sesabamisad, ena
kulturis Semadgeneli nawili, misi iaraRi, erovnuli sulis realoba,
kulturis xatia, is gamoxatavs erovnuli mentalitetis specifikur
niSnebs, imdenad ramdenadac enis TiToeuli matarebeli amave dros aris
kulturis matarebelic. Eena damoukidebeli samyaroa, romlis
saSualebiTac esa Tu is eri azrsa da grZnobebs enobriv relobas
aniWebs. damajereblad rom vilaparakoT da vweroT, marto gramatikulad
gamarTuli wera da metyveleba ar kmara. saWiroa vilaparakoT gasagebad,
damajereblad da mwyobrad, rac msmenelis dainteresebas gamoiwvevs.

sasiamovno metyveleba ipyrobs auditoriis yuradRebas, xolo

metyvelebis simwyobre Cvens sityvas wonasa da Zalas matebs.Aamdenad,
verbaluri komunikacia gvaswavlis damoukideblad da originalurad
gamovxatoT azrebi, gavakeToT swori daskvnebi, davicvaT Cveni pozicia,
avxsnaT igi da davasabuToT.
verbaluri komunikaciis erT-erTma fuZemdebelma graisma Tavis
naSromSi – “Logic and conversation” 1999w. Camoayaliba verbaluri komunikaciis
ZiriTadi principebi da dayo isini oTx kategoriad:

33
 1. raodenobrivi kategoria;
2. xarisxobrivi kategoria;
3. urTierTobis kategoria;
4. meToduri kategoria.
raodenobrivi kategoria dakavSirebulia gadasacemi informaciis
raodenobasTan da aerTianebs or postulats:
1. Seni naTqvami unda Seicavdes saWiroze aranakleb informacias;
2. Seni gamonaTqvami ar unda Seicavdes saWiroze met informacias.
xarisxobriv kategorias zogadi postulati - gamonaTqvami unda
Seesabamebodes WeSmaritebas. Aam kategorias aqvs ori ZiriTadi
postulati:
1. Tqva iseTi ram, rasac mcdarad Tvli;
2. araferi Tqva usafuZvlod.
urTierTobis kategoria erTaderT relevantobis postulats
moicavs – ar gadauxvio Temas.
meTodur kategorias exeba ara is, ra iTqva, arames is, rogor iTqva.
aq gaerTianebulia Semdegi oTxi postulati:
1. moeride gaugebar gamonaTqvamebs.
2. Seecade, ilaparako calsaxad, gasagebad.
3. gadmoeci lakoniurad;
4. iyavi organizebuli. (Grice 1999:58)
meore mkvlevarma- liCma aRwera komunikaciis Semdegi ZiriTadi
principi: -zrdilobis, Tavazianobis principi (Leech 1976:67-68). pirveli
aerTianebs Semdeg maqsimebs:
1. taqti;
2. sulgrZeloba;
3. Tavmdabloba; Tanxmoba;
4. simpatiia.
Ggraisis kooperaciis principi da liCis Tavazianobis principi
Seadgens komunikaciis kodeqsis safuZvels. Aam kodeqsSi Sedis
WeSmaritebis (realobisadmi erTguleba, simarTlec rom yvelaferia) da
gulwrfelobis kriteriumebi (sakuTari Tavis erTguleba).

34
 verbaluri komunikaciis efeqturobaSi igulisxmeba gadacemuli
Setyobinebis Aadekvaturi azrobrivi aRqma. swori interpretaciis mizani
iTvleba miRweulad, Tu adresati gaigebs warmoTqmuli teqstis mTel
ideas komunikatoris Canafiqris Sesabamisad, Tumca xSirad informaciis
mTavari arxi ikargeba an maxinjdeba. Ees procesi xumrobiT kargadaa
gadmocemuli magaliTSi: kapitani – adiutanti – kaprali – rigiTi
jariskacebi.
kapitani mimarTavs adiutants: rogorc iciT, xval mze dabneldeba,
romelic yoveldRe ar xdeba. 5 saaTze SekribeT piradi Semadgenloba
gembanze samgzavro tansacmelSi. maT SeeZlebaT daakvirdnen am movlenas,
me ki mivcem aucilebel ganmartebas. wvimis dros saCvenebeli araferi
iqneba. aseT situaciaSi datoveT xalxi YyazarmaSi.
Aadiutanti mimarTavs serJants: kapitnis brZanebiT, xval diliT
moxdeba mzis dabneleba samgzavro tansacmelSi. Kkapitani gembanze
mogvcems aucilebel ganmartebas. Ees ki yoveldRe ar xdeba. Tu wvims,
saCvenebeli araferi iqneba, maSin movlena yazarmaSi Sedgeba.
serJanti- kaprals: kapitnis brZanebiT, xval 5 saaTze, samgzavro
tansacmelSi, gembanze mze dabneldeba, rac yoveldRe ar xdeba.Aam
movlenis Sesaxeb kapitani yazarmaSi mogvcems aucilebel ganmartebas.
Kkaprali jariskacebs:- xval uTenia, 5 saaTze, mze gembanze
moxdeba kapitnis dabneleba yazarmaSi. wvimis SemTxvevaSi es iSviaTi
movlena samgzavro tansacmelSi Sedgeba, rac yoveldRe ar xdeba (jolia
2006: 83-84).
informaciis gadacemisTvis aucilebelia idea, romelic jer azrad
yalibdeba, Semdeg – gamoiTqmeba.
Aam procesis yovel etapze informaciis mniSvnelovani nawili
ikargeba an maxinjdeba.Ddanakargis sidide arasrulyofili metyvelebiT
anu azris zustad gamoTqmis SeuZleblobiT izomeba. Aamis Sesaxeb rus
poets, tiutCevs xatovnad aqvs naTqvami: “sityvierad gamoTqmuli azri,
sicruea”. igi mosaubrisadmi undoblobiT, an sityvieri maragis
TanxvedriT an gansxvavebiT da sxva garemoebiT ganisazRvreba.

35
 komunikacia srulyofilia mxolod maSin, rodesac STabeWdileba
emTxveva gamonaTqvams, anu rodesac mosaubris mier gadacemul
informacias zustad iseve aRiqvams msmeneli, rogorc mosaubres surs.
samwuxarod, efeqturi komunikacia, WeSmariti gageba imaze iSviaTi
movlenaa, vidre Cven gvgonia, radgan:
 adamianebi yovelTvis ar amboben imas, rasac sinamdvileSi fiqroben;
 adamianebma yovelTvis ar ician Tavisi WeSmariti grZnobebis
Sesaxeb;
 arc ise advilia grZnobebis sityvebiT gadmocema (arc ise advilia
swori kodis moZebna);
 erTi da igive sityvi sxvadasxva adamians gansxvavebulad esmis;
 xandaxan mxolod is gvesmis, ris gagebasac visurvebdiT;
 informaciis mimRebi xSirad dakavebulia ara dekodirebis
procesiT, aramed sakuTari pasuxebis mofiqrebiT;
 gadamcemma ar icis, sworad moaxdina Tu ara dekodireba mimRebma;
 zogjer mimRebma ar icis sworad moaxdina Tu ara dekodireba.
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mimRebs mxolod maSin esmis sxvisi,
rodesac misi STabeWdileba (dekodirebis Sedegi) emTxveva imas, rac
misTvis gamonaTqvamis saSualebiT unda ecnobaT. samwuxarod, es faqti
imaze iSviaTia, vidre Cven warmogvidgenia.
komunikaciis efeqturobas xels uSlis Semdegi barierebi:
 bundovani procesi: mimRebsa da wyaros erTnairad ar esmiT ena,
Jargoni, simboloebi;
 informaciis struqtura: mravalmxrivi da gadatvirTuli gzavnili;
 pirovnuli niSnebi: fizikuri da mentaluri mdgomareoba,
ganaTlebis da inteleqtis gansxvavebuli done da a.S.
 adamianis “buneba”: crurwmenebi, tradiciebi, kulturuli niSnebi;
 konfliqturi mosazrebebi da miznebi: rodesac adamianebi
sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebs uWeren mxars, maT uWirT sxva
mosazrebis gaziareba.

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 amasTan, barieri komunikaciis procesSi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas
maSinac, Tuki msmeneli garkveul damokidebulebas da uaryofiTadaa
ganwyobili mosaubrisadmi.
Kkomunikacia efeqturi rom iyos unda SevecadoT gaviTvaliswinoT
CamoTvlili barierebis warmoSobis SesaZlebloba, raTa Tavidan
aviciloT isini.
Aadamiani informacias sami arxiT iRebs da gascems. Ees arxebia:
(jolia 2006:79).
 vizualuri (mxedvelobiTi);
 audialuri (smeniTi);
 kinesTetikuri (SegrZnebiTi).
Aam sami arxidan yovel adamians erT-erTi aqvs ganviTarebuli da
sakuTari modaluroba gaaCnia, amis gamo, individebi pirobiTad iyofian:
vizualebad, audialebad da kinesTetikebad. rogor SevicnoT isini? amaSi
TviT partniori dagvexmareba. saxeldobr, Tanamosaubres Tu yuradRebiT
davakvirdebiT da movusmenT, SeiZleba igi tonalobiT, Jestikulaciis
TaviseburebebiT, Tvalis moZraobis mimarTulebiT, garkveuli sityvebis
xSiri gamoyenebiT anu predikatebiT da a.S. amovicnoT.
tipuri vizuali maRali da gamxdaria, Tumca, SeiZleba Zalian
msuqanic iyos. is mxrebSi gamarTulia, zurgi da kiseri sworad uWiravs;
mas mkveTri moZraobebi axasiaTebs. rCeba STabeWdileba, rom siarulis
dros is win nikaps mihyavs. vizuali gul-mkerdis zeda nawiliT sunTqavs,
misi sunTqva ar aris Rrma. is swrafad saubrobs, mkveTri gamoTqma aqvs,
xolo misi xmis tonaloba gacilebiT ufro maRalia, vidre sxva
kategoriis adamianebisa. vizuali saubarSi xSirad iyenebs iseT sityvebs,
rogoricaa: uyureT, SexedeT, nuTu ver xedavT, rom..., rogorc Cans, da a.S.
vizualis mzera xSirad maRlaa mimarTuli, mas garemos aRsaqmelad didi
sivrce esaWiroeba. Jestikulaciisas xSirad miuTiTebs Tvalebze, an exeba
maT.
kinesTetiki ufro msuqania, vidre sxva kategoriis adamianebi. Mmisi
moZraoba narnari da Tavisufalia, is dadis nela, sunTqavs
mucliT;Llaparakis an mosmenisas mosaubrisaken ixreba. Mmas uyvars
adamianebTan axlo kontaqti da saubris dros xSirad exeba mosaubres.

37
kinesTetiki xmadabla saubrobs_nela da auRelveblad da xangrZliv
pauzebs akeTebs. igi yvelaze xSirad Semdeg sityvebs xmarobs: me
vgrZnob, rom, yovelTvis aRviqvam, rogorc, da sxv. Es arc aris
gasakviri, radgan vizuals mxedvelobiTi organo aqvs ufro
ganviTarebuli. igi Jestikulaciisas xSirad exeba mucelsa da gul-
mkerds.
sxeulis formis mixedviT, audials Sualeduri adgili uWiravs
gamxdar vizualsa da msuqan kinesTetiks Soris; sunTqavs gul-mkerdis
Sua nawiliT. Aaudiali bevrs laparakobs da cdilobs, yvela detali
dawvrilebiT ganmartos. Mmisi metyveleba ritmuli da Tanabaria.
magaliTad, audiali saubarSi xSirad iyenebs Semdeg sityvebs: momismineT,
rogorc amboben, me Tqven geubnebiT, Mme Tqven gekiTxebiT da sxv.
Jestikulaciis dros is xSirad miuTiTebs yurebze an exeba maT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv erTmaneTisagan kulturebic gansxvavdeba.
magaliTad, rusuli da amerikuli kultura vizualur-kinesTetikuria,
xolo inglisuri – audialur-vizualuri. TiTqmis yvela Zveli kultura
kinesTetikuri iyo. samwuxarod, qarTuli kulturisaTvis msgavsi
monacemebi ar arsebobs, Mmagram migvaCnia, rom is ufro vizualur-
kinesTetikuria.
risTvis gvWirdeba yovelive es? Tanamosaubres “Tavissave enaze”
unda vesaubroT. magaliTad, vizualTan saubrisas sasurvelia
gamoviyenoT TvalsaCinoebebi (diagramebi, sqemebi...), audialTan – musika,
xmis tonaloba, tembri, xolo kinesTetikTan - misive sityvebi.
Yyvela adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urTierTobis Taviseburi
stili. Mmecnierebi miiCneven, rom es Tavisebureba ganpirobebulia
rogorc individualuri TaviseburebebiTa da adamianTa pirovnuli
xasiaTiT, aseve cxovrebis istoriiT, xalxTan urTierTobiT,
urTierTobis saerTo wesebiTa da sxv.
komunikaciaSi urTierTobis stilis mniSvneloba isaa, rom misi
daxmarebiT vigebT sxvadasxva situacias, yalibdeba urTierToba
komunikaciis partniorebs Soris, SeirCeva problemis gadawyvetis gzebi.
Eefeqtiani kulturaTSorisi komunikacia moiTxovs misi yvela
komponentis gamoyenebis codnas. Aam komponentebs Soris mniSvnelovani

38
adgili uWiravs verbaluri komunikaciis stils. Mmocemul aspeqtSi
urTierTobis stili es Taviseburi metagzavnilia, romelic miuTiTebs
individebs, rogor gaigon da axsnan verbaluri urTierTobis –
komunikaciis konteqsti. is adamianis komunikaciuri qcevis individualur
stabilur formas warmoadgens, warmoqmnis nebismier pirobiT
urTierTobas nebismier situaciaSi. Aaq komunikaciis xelovneba
gamoixateba aramarto misi metyvelebiT, aramed SesaZleblobiT, miagnos
enis ufro zust da konkretul stilistikur saSualebas, romelic
mxolod mocemul SemTxvevaSia optimaluri.
verbaluri komunikacia gulisxmobs yvela enobrivi Janris codnas:
replikidan da komentaridan leqciamde, moxsenebamde, sainformacio
Setyobinebasa da saxalxo gamosvlamde.
g. poCepcovi verbaluri komunikaciis oTx stils gamoyofs:
1. pirdapiri da arapirdapiri stili;
2. zusti da mokle stili;
3. pirovnuli da situaciuri stili;
4. instrumentuli da afeqturi stili (Почепцов 2003:319-322).
urTierTobis pirdapiri, mkacri stili, mklevarTa azriT,
damaxasiaTebelia dabalkonteqstualuri amerikuli kulturisaTvis. masSi
Zalian mcire adgili rCeba gamouTqmelobisTvis.Aamerikelebi cdiloben
gamoiwvion mosaubre pirdapiri saubrisaTvis, romlis drosac iyeneben
gamoTqmebs: gviTxariT, ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi, modiT, ufro
safuZvlianad Dda sxv. Aam stilSi gamoixateba didi mzrunveloba
mosaubris SenarCunebis, saubris Temaze sakuTari mkafio poziciis
dasafiqsireblad. Uufro xSirad aseTi stili damaxasiaTebelia
individualuri kulturisaTvis.
arapirdapiri verbaluri stili axasiaTebs sametyvelo cnebebs,
romlebic faraven WeSmariT survilebs, miznebs, mosaubris
moTxovnilebebs. aseTi stili damaxasiaTebelia maRalkonteqsturi
kulturebisTvis, rogorebicaa samxreT-aRmosavleTi azia, iaponia, korea.
harmoniuli urTierTdamokidebuleba, kulturuli faseuloba
iaponur sazogadoebaSi mosaubrisagan moiTxovs gaugebari, orazrovani
mniSvnelobis sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebas, raTa Tavidan

39
aicilon jiuti, TavisTavSi darwmunebuli kacis STabeWdileba.
iaponelebi irCeven iseTi gamoTqmebs, rogoricaa: SeiZleba,
SesaZlebelia, albaT, raRac, viRac. bavSvebi ori wlis asakidan
swavloben, daindon sxva adamianebis grZnobebi. isini adreuli
wlebidanve euflebian qcevis sifaqizes, baZaven TavianTi dedebis qcevebs.
uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamosaxatavad iaponeli dedebi, Cveulebriv,
ritorikul kiTxvebs iyeneben. Kkoreelebi ar iZlevian “ara”-s tipis
uaryofiT pasuxebs: me ar geTanxmebiT, me ar SemiZlia amis gakeTeba, isini
xSirad iyeneben meryev pasuxebsac: pricipSi... me Tanaxma var da sxv.
xelovnuri stili iTvaliswinebs urTierTobisas mdidari,
eqspresiuli enis gamoyenebas. Aamis kargi magaliTia arabuli kultura.
Tu erTi arabi pirdapir da zustad, mosalodneli darwmunebebis gareSe
gamoTqvams, Tu ra aqvs mxedvelobaSi, meore arabma SeiZleba ifiqros, rom
mas sul sxva ram aqvs mxedvelobaSi. Aase magaliTad, arabul kulturaSi
cotaa mipatiJebisas uari Tqva mxolod ”ara”-Ti. aras Tan unda axldes
darwmuneba, fici, rac sruliad zedmetia evropelis an amerikelis
SexedulebiT. isini xom miCveuli arian gamoiyenon zusti stili,
romelic upiratesobas aniWebs lakoniur, TavSekavebul gamoTqmebs.
zusti stili Seicavs informaciis gadacemisaTvis saWiro aucilebel da
sakmaris gamoTqmebs (arc meti, arc naklebi, zustad imdeni, ramdenic
aucilebelia).
instrumentuli stili adamians TviTdamkvidrebasa da
mosaubrisagan damoukideblobis, avtonomiis SenarCunebaSi exmareba. es
stili warmodgenilia evropul kulturebsa da aSS-Si. Aaq adamianebi
miiswrafvian mosaubres urTierTobisas warudginon Tavi, surT erTmaneTs
gaugon verbaluri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. igiEwarmodgenilia daniur,
niderlandebisa Svedur individualur kulturebSi.
Aafeqturi stili ki piriqiT, orientirebulia TviT urTierTobaze,
Tanamosaubris grZnobebze da moTxovnilebebze, Seguebaze, jgufuri
harmoniis miRwevaze. Amas iqiTken mivyavarT, rom afeqturi stilis dros
adamiani iZulebulia gafrTxildes, Tavi aaridos sarisko gamoTqmebsa da
daskvnebs. amisaTvis is iyenebs uzustobebs, gverds uvlis pirdapir
mtkicebebsa da uaryofas.

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 Kkomunikaciis stilebi, romlebic Cven ganvixileT, arsebobs yvela
kulturaSi, magram TiToeul maTganSi isini Taviseburad fasdeba, yvela
maTgans sakuTari mniSvneloba eniWeba. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi komunikaciis
stili gamoxatavs faseulobebsa da normebs, romlebic ama Tu im
kulturas udevs safuZvlad.
me-20 saukunis bolodan moyolebuli, sul ufro naTlad ikveTeba
araverbaluri komunikaciis sferos specialistebis saWiroeba. raoden
gasakviric unda iyos, komunikaciis araverbaluri aspeqtebis
siRrmiseuli da Tanmimdevruli Seswavla mxolod me-20 saukunis meore
naxevarSi daiwyo. rac Seexeba araverbaluri komunikaciis kvlevis
teqnikur mxares, pirveli yvelaze seriozuli namuSevari am sferoSi _
“emociebis gamovlineba cxovelebsa da adamianebSi” _ Carlz darvins
ekuTvnis. 1872 wels gamoqveynebulma am namuSevarma mraval Tanamedrove
kvlevas misca dasabami, xolo darvinis ideebi da dakvirvebebi msoflios
wamyvanma mecnierebma aRiares. Mmas Semdeg mecnierebma aTasze meti
araverbaluri niSani da signali aRmoaCines.
Aaraverbalur komuniikaciaze saubrisas SeuZlebelia ar vaxsenoT
me-19 da me-20 saukuneebis mijnaze warmoSobili fenomeni _ munji
kino.Mmunji kinos msaxiobebi mSvenivrad flobdnen sxeulis enis
safuZvlebs, radgan maTTvis is ekranuli saxeebis gacocxlebis
erTaderTi saSualeba iyo. im droSi saukeTeso msaxiobebad iTvlebodnen
isini, visac mdidari mimika da gamomxatveli sxeulis ena hqonda, amitom
msaxiobebi sakmao dros uTmobdnen pantomimisa da baletis Seswavlas.
rodesac munji kino xmovanma Secvala da samsaxiobo xelovnebis
araverbalur aspeqtebs ukve naklebi yuradReba daeTmo, Zveli msaxiobebis
nacvlad, ekrani kargi verbaluri SesaZleblobebis mqone msaxiobebma
daipyres.
Aalbert mehrabiani, losanjelesis universitetis profesori, erT-
erTi pirvelTagani iyo, vinc komunikaciis araverbalur aspeqtebsa da maT
mniSvnelobaze daiwyo saubari. 1972 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi
“Nonverbal communication” mkvlevari mehrabiani amtkicebda, rom
komunikaciaSi sami ZiriTadi komponentis gamoyofa SeiZleba, esenia:
sityvebi, intonacia da sxeulis ena (verbaluri, vokaluri, da

41
vizualuri). Mmehrabianis azriT, komunikaciis procesSi mosaubris mimarT
Cveni mowonebis CamoyalibebaSi am sam komponents sxvadasxva wvlili
miuZRvis: sityvebs _ 7%, intonacias – 38%, da sxeulis enas _ 55%.
mehrabiani ambobs, rom efeqtiani komunikaciisTvis saWiroa es
komponentebi erTmaneTis “kongruentuli” iyos, anu erTmaneTs
eTanxmebodes. Tu es ase ar xdeba, adamiani Riziandeba, radgan ori
sxvadasxva arxis meSveobiT or sxvadasxvagvar informacias iRebs.
magaliTad, Tuki adamiani meores eubneba: SenTan araviTari problema ar
maqvs, yvelaferi rigzea, Seni megobari var da, amavdroulad, etyoba, rom
aRelvebulia, mosaubres Tvals aridebs, zogadad, negatiur Jestebs
iyenebs, - cxadia, rom Setyobinebis verbaluri da araverbaluri nawilebi
erTmaneTs ar Seesatyviseba, anu kongruentobis principi darRveulia. Aam
SemTxvevaSi, mosaubre daeyrdnoba komunikaciis dominatur nawils, anu
araverbalur komponentebs (38%+55%) da ar miendoba sityvebiT
gadmocemul Sinaarss. aqve xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mehrabiani
ikvlevda emociebisa da damokidebulebebis komunikacias (mowoneba _
armowonebas).M mecnieris mtkicebiT, formula “mTliani mowoneba = 7%,
verbaluri mowoneba + 38%, vokaluri mowoneba/ vizualuri mowoneba +
55%, samarTliania mxolod maSin, rodesac adamianebi sakuTar grZnonebsa
da urTierTdamokidebulebebze saubroben. Yyvela sxva SemTxvevaSi es
wesi ar marTldeba. mokled rom vTqvaT, is, Tu ras da rogor gamoxatavs
adamiani saubrisas, SesaZloa, gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCndes,
vidre misi sityvebi. RimiliT iTqva raRac Tu mTqnarebiT, xmamaRla da
wyromiT, Tu Cumad da moferebiT – nebismieri Sinaarsi Sesabamis
konteqstSi aRiqmeba. (Mehrabian 1972:223)
Cven vurTierTobT sityvebis, xmis tonis, sxeulis, pozis, Jestebis
da saxis gamometyvelebis saSualebiT. Cven ar SegviZlia urTierToba
davamyaroT maSinac ki, rodesac Cumad varT da dumils vinarCunebT,
raRac informacias gavcemT. albaT, swored aman Seaqmnevina cnobil serb
mwerals, milorad paviCs, brwyinvale metafora _ “is dumda sxva enaze”.
fsiqologebma gamoTvales, rom informaciis TiTqmis 3/6-s mosaubris
sxeulis (poza, moZraoba, mimika) viRebT, 2/6-s xmis (toni, riTmi, tembri)

42
da mxolod 1/6-s _ sityvebiT. ra Tqma unda, gansxvavebul konteqstSi es
Tanafardoba icvleba, magram zogadi tendencia igive rCeba.
komunikacia erTi adamianis mier meorisaTvis Setyobinebis
gadacemaa. Ees Setyobineba moicavs gacilebiT mets, vidre Cven mier
naTqvami sityvebi. Aam sityvebs azrs Cveni sxeulis ena da xmis toni
aniWebs. sityvebiT informaciis Sinaarss gadmovcemT, xolo sxeuliT,
moZraobiT, intomaciiT _ am Sinaarsis mimarT Cvens damokidebulebebsa da
Sefasebas. umetes SemTxvevaSi, sityvebi erTmniSvnelovnad gamoxatavs
azrs da maT TiTqmis yvela erTnairad igebs. xolo ra mniSvnelobas
aniWebs konkretuli adamiani ama Tu moZraobas, Jests an intonacias _
arcTu ise cxadi da naTelia. Aadamianis sxeuli da goneba erTi
mTlianobaa. Cveni emociebi, fiqrebi Cvens sxeulze aisaxeba da, piriqiT,
sxeulis garkveuli fizikuri mdgomareoba, sxeulis poza gavlenas
axdens Cvens sulier mdgomareobaze.
kargi komunikaciis unari Cveni warmatebis mTavari garantiaa. Tu
warmatebuli urTierTobis strategiebs aviTvisebT, Cven SevZlebT:
 mivaRwioT urTierTgagebas kolegebTan, efeqtianad movemsaxuroT
klientebs, mivaRwioT sasurvel Sedegs molaparakebis procesSi;
 advilad davarwmunoT sxvebi Cveni azris sisworeSi;
gamoxatulebaTa umniSvnelo cvlilebebis aRqmas movaxerxebT, amiT
SevZlebT, mis Sinagan mdgomareobas CavwvdeT.
Aadamianebis umetesobas naklebi informacia aqvs araverbaluri
komunikaciis Sesaxeb, Tumca mas mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia
urTierTobis procesSi. araverbalur komunikacias aseve “sxeulis enas”
uwodeben; is moicavs Jestebs, sxeulis moZraobas, saxis gamometyvelebas,
pirovnul sivrces, Cacmulobas.
Aaraverbaluri maniSneblebis zusti intepretacia da gageba
gvexmareba komunikaciis damyarebasa da adamianebis ukeT gagebaSi, Tumca
unda gvaxsovdes, rom zog araverbalur niSans SeiZleba gansxvavebuli,
an ramdenime intepretacia hqondes, rac maT zust gagebas arTulebs.
sxeulis eniT gadaicema grZnobebi, damokidebulebebi, maSin roca
verbaluri komunikaciiT gadaicema sityvebi da mosazrebebi. xSirad
emociebisa da ganwyobis gageba ufro mniSvnelovania adamianisaTvis,

43
vidre sityvebisa da mosazrebebis; naTqvamis arsi marto is ki ar aris,
ras vambobT, aramed rogor vambobT; sxvebis reaqcia Cvendami xSirad
araverbalur niSnebze pasuxia da ara verbalurze.
Aaraverbalur maniSneblebs umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs
interpersonalur komunikaciaSi; dadgenilia, rom adamianTa
urTierTobisas komunikaciis 90% gamosaxvis araverbaluri saSualebebiT
(xmiT, gamometyvelebiTa da sxeulis moZraobiT) xdeba da saSualod
mxolod 10% (7-11%) gadaicema verbaluris daxmarebiT (Adelman, Levine 1993:
45).
arsebobs ramdenime principi, rac kargad gamoxatavs araverbaluri
komunikaciis arss:
 araverbaluri informacia yovelTvis gadaicema, mosaubris
survilis miuxedavad, maSinac ki, rodesac verbaluri komunikacia
wydeba, anu, wyaro wyvets informaciis miwodebas; sxeulis poza,
Cacmuloba, saxis gamometyveleba, arasruli CamonaTvalia im
araverbaluri niSnebisa, romelTa daxmarebiT mudmivad viRebT
informacias mosaubris damokidebulebebis, ganwyobis, emociis
Sesaxeb;
 araverbaluri komunikaciiT saukeTesod gamoixateba emociebi,
damokidebuleba, mimarTuleba, rac xSirad Znelad gamoiTqmis
sityvebiT;
 araverbaluri komunikacia ufro sandod da gulwrfelad aris
miCneuli, vidre verbaluri, radgan araverbaluri niSnebis
gakontroleba ufro Znelia, vidre sityvebis; Tu maT Soris
Seusabamobaa, adamianebi ufro metad araverbalur informacias
endobian; albaT Zneli iqneba msmenelisaTvis imis dajereba, rom
saubris Tema Zalian sainteresoa, Tu Tavad prezentators
prezentaciis Catarebisas eZineba.
 araverbaluri komunikacia ufro adreulia, vidre verbaluri;
adamianebi metyvelebis dawyebamde urTierTobisaTvis araverbalur
komunikacias iyenebdnen; aseve bavSvebi, ganviTarebis procesSi jes
araverbalur komunikacias swavloben Semdeg ki _ verbalurs.

44
  adamianebTan komunikaciisas saWiroa vicnobdeT sxeulis enas, raTa:
wavikiTxoT Cveni mosaubris araverbaluri komunikacia, anu gvesmodes
sxeulis ena (Jestebi, mimika, sivrcis aTviseba, metyvelebis
Semadgeneli maxasiaTeblebi _ xmis tempri, simaRle, siswrafe da sxva)
da amiT gavigoT mosaubris mdgomareoba.
 davakvirdeT sakuTari aracnobieris aseTive gamovlinebas da
organizeba gavukeToT maT, cnobierad vmarToT.
 sxeulis enis kontroli Zalian mniSvnelovania prezentaciis
Catarebis dros.
Aadamianis araverbaluri qceva misi fsiqikuri mdgomareobiTaa
ganpirobebuli. swored amiT aixsneba pirovnebis Sinagani samyaro, misi
individualuri da socialuri Tvisebebi. Secvlili viTarebidan
gamomdinare adamiani axal verbalur qcevas gacilebiT advilad da
swrafad iTvisebs (anu sxvagvarad metyvelebs). verbalurisgan
gansxvavebiT araverbaluri komunikacia (sxeulis ena) ki naklebad
plastikuri da moqnilia. erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos, TiTqos
araverbaluri saSualebebi naklebad mniSvnelovania, magram realurad es
ase ar aris. Tu informaciis am or wyaros_ verbalur da araverbalur
saSualebebs Soris winaaRmdegoba warmoiSoba, e.i adamiani erTs ambobs,
mis saxeze ki meore ikiTxeba, maSin met ndobas araverbaluri informacia
imsaxurebs.
araverbaluri da verbaluri komunikaciis elementebi SeiZleba
avsebdnen, an cvlidnen erTmaneTs. am urTierTobaTa ramdenime varianti
arsebobs (Почепцов 1998:319). komunikaciis verbalur da araverbalur
aspeqtTa Semdeg Sesabamisobebs vxvdebiT:
I. araverbaluri komunikacia SeiZleba avsebdes verbalur
komunikacias. magaliTad, Tu Cven viRimebiT da vambobT salami, rogoraa
saqmeebi? maSin es ori moqmedeba, Rimili da misalmeba erTmaneTs avsebs.
damateba gulisxmobs, rom araverbaluri elementebi ufro mxatvruls
xdis metyvelebas, azusteben da ganmartaven maT. magaliTisTvis: misis
silsberni gakvirvebiT momaSterda da mkiTxa _ isic monawileobda Tqvens
gadacemaSi? (selinjeri 2011:162). Aanu sityvebi gakvirvebiT momaSterda
avsebs verbalur Setyobinebas da amavdroulad aZlierebs mas.

45
saanalizod moviyvanoT qarTuli magaliTic, levani da bondo
radiokomitetis SenobaSi Sevidnen, levanma bondos sTxova rom erT
CanawerSi sityva dakarga da mas AaRedgina.
_ visi Canaweria, batono levan? hkiTxa bondom liftSi, levanma
damnaSavesaviT daxara Tavi.
_ uCa argveTelis!
_ rao?! Ara batono levan, ara... ar gewyinoT da... magden Tavxedobas
ver Caviden, _ xelebi gaasavsava axalgazrda msaxiobma (yifiani 2010:277).
kinesikuri paralingvizmi „xelebis gasavsaveba“, rac pirdapir da
naTlad miuTiTebs uaris Tqmaze, avsebs verbalur Setyobinebas.
moviyvanoT kidev erTi qarTuli magaliTi: Tazom jibeSi xurda
gaiCxriala da iqve gastronomSi Sevida, Cvenc SevyeviT, or-ori „prima“
viyideT yoveli SemTxvevisTvis.
_ Cven, Cvenc gviyide rame?
_ ra ginda melita? _ vkiTxe me.
_ Sokoladi an...
_ Senc nia?...
niam Tavi damiqnia... axlave
gastronomSi tkbileulobis daxli calke iyo gamoyofili, magram
noqari arsad Canda.
_ romeli ginda?
_ai, is _Tarosken miuTiTa xeliT melitam.
Tavis daqneviT gamoixateba Tanxmoba, xolo verbalur Setyobinebas
“ai is“ avsebs araverbaluri maxasiaTebeli xeliT miTiTeba (yifiani
2010:231).
Rimili megobarTan Sexvedrisas enobriv Setyobinebas avsebs.
metyveleba ufro gasagebia, Tuki mas Tan axlavs Jestebi. magaliTad, Tu
yuradRebis miqceva gvinda raime informaciis gadasacemad, SegviZlia
maRla avswioT saCvenebeli TiTi.
II. araverbaluri qcevebi SeiZleba ewinaaRmdegebodes verbalur
Setyobinebebs. Tu TvalebSi ar ucqeriT mosaubres da eubnebiT, rom
sasiamovnoa maTTan saubari, maSin aseTi araverbaluri moqmedeba
ewinaaRmdegeba Tqvens pozitiur verbalur Setyobinebas. uaryofa,

46
ugulebelyofa gulisxbobs, rom araverbaluri informacia
ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis sityvebs. Tu ambobT, rom gixariaT vinmes naxva
da Tan iWmuxnebiT, laparakobT civad da mSralad, Tqveni mosaubre
albaT daeWvdeba Tqvens gulwrfelobaSi. Tu magaliTad, banqos TamaSis
dros moTamaSe eweva sigarets da Tan am dros mas mouva kargi banqo, is
sigaretis kvamls zemoT uSvebs, cudi banqos mosvlis SemTxvevaSi ki
piriqiT, kvamls dabla uSvebs. bevrma kargma moTamaSem TamaSTan erTad
iswavla is fandebi, riTac SeuZlia Tavis “dacva”. maT SeuZliaT
kontroli gauwion sxeuls, romelsac SeuZlia maTi gacema. zogi
msaxiobur niWsac ki iCens. isini “cru” moZraobebs sCadian, sxeulis
daZabuli moZraobebiT cdiloben daarwmunon sxva moTamaSeebi imaSi, rom
TiTqos cudi banqo mouvidaT, rom TamaSs agebs. agreTve Tuki moTamaSes
mouvida oTxi tuzi, magram unda moatyuos sxva moTamaSeebi, aseT
SemTxvevaSi igi tuCs moikvnets an karts Zlier daanarcxebs magidaze,
gadawveba da Tavs gaiqnevs, magram amis Semdeg moTamaSes SeuZlia moswios
sigareti da kvamli maRla (WerSi) gauSvas. dakvirvebebma cxadyo, rom
kargi banqos mosvlisasas- sigaretis kvamls zeviT uSveben, cudi kartis
mosvlis SemTxvevaSi ki qveviT (Пиз 2006:89) am magaliTidan SeiZleba
gavigoT, rom aris situaciebi, rodesac verbaluri da araverbaluri
qmedebebi erTmaneTs ar eTanxmeba.
ganvixiloTNnawyveti stiven kingis moTxrobidan „korporacia nu
moswevT“,
_ isev „kregeri da baertonis“ firmaSi muSaob?
_ me iq axla pirveli vice-prezidenti var.
_ai, es mesmis! Ggilocav! rodis dagniSnes?
morisonma scada Tavi daerwmunebina, rom gulZmarva Surisgan ki ar
hqonda, aramed momatebuli mJavianobisgan. Mman abebi amoiRo, erTi cali
pirSi Caido da daReWa (kingi 2011:48-49).
moviyvanoT magaliTi yifianis moTxroba „mwvane fardidan“,
moqmedeba viTardeba studiaSi, mama Svili levani da gizo eZeben firis
naglejs, sadac cnobili msaxiobis - uCa arTveliZis xmaa Cawerili, didi
xnis Zebnis Sedegad firs mainc ver pouloben.

47
 _ mama, Tqva gizom _ iqneb TviTon arc uTqvams is sityva? Aanda,
iqneb mikrofoni CarTe gvian da...
_ yvelaferi rigze iyo, _ xeli Caiqnia levanma (yifiani 2010:260-261).
TiTqos levans Tavisi pasuxis gacemiT - „yvelaferi rigze iyoo“ ar
undoda SvilisTvis mRelvareba eCvenebina, magram xelis CaqneviT,
romelic gaucnobiereblad gaakeTa, aCvena, rom is Relavda, rom ukve
azri aRarafers hqonda.
auRelveblad melaparakeboda, cremlebi ki cvioda TavisTavad
(yifiani 2010:191). am konkretul SemTxvevaSi verbalur Setyobinebas
ewinaaRmdegeba araverbaluri qmedeba.
araverbaluri Cvevebis Seucnobeli, gauazrebeli gamoyenebiT,
romelic cudadaa marTuli azrovnebis mier, SeiZleba sruliad uarvyoT
naTqvami. Tuki adamians sakuTari araverbaluri qmedebebis gakontroleba
SeeZleba, maSin igi qvecnobieris marTvasac SeZlebs.
III. araverbaluri qcevebi SeiZleba cvlides verbalur
Setyobinebebs: bavSvma SeiZleba migviTiTos saTamaSoze nacvlad imisa,
rom Tqvas: es saTamaSo minda. es niSnavs, rom araverbalurma qcevam
SeiZleba Caanacvlos verbaluri qceva. Tqven SegiZliaT xmaurian
auditoriaSi JestiT aCvenoT axlobels, rom gindaT gamovides da
dagelaparakos. maRaziaSi SeiZleba miuTiToT gamyidvels im saganze,
romelic gainteresebs. aviRoTNnawyveti j. londonis moTxrobidan
„alisferi Wiri“:
mama meubneboda, rom Seni coli santa-rosas tomidan iyo da
araviTari didgvarovani. Ees mamamisma uambo, sanam mokvdeboda. is
ambobda, rom wiTel Wiramde igi mimtani iyo sasadiloSi, Tumca me ar
vici, es ra aris. Sen ici, edvin?
Eedvinma uaryofis niSnad Tavi gaaqnia“ (londoni 2011:41). ATavis
gaqnevis Jesti uaryofis maCvenebelia, am konkretul magaliTSi
araverbaluri niSniT mkafiod gamoixateba uaryofa da Sesabamisad
mocemul situaciaSi sruliad zedmetia verbalurad azris gamoxatva.
IV. araverbaluri qcevebi verbaluri komunikaciis maregulirebeli
elementi SeiZleba iyos: saubrisas xSirad gamoiyeneba Jestebi, pozis
cvlileba, Sexeba. magaliTad, Tavis daqnevis gamoxatvis, intonaciis

48
mixedviT SeiZleba mivxvdeT, rom movida Cveni saubris rigi (mag: yvela
Tanamosaubrem Semogvxeda). regulireba warmoadgens adamianTa Soris
urTierTqmedebis koordinacias. saubris Temis mxardasaWerad xSirad
gamoiyeneben sityvebis Semcvlel niSnebs: Jestebs, pozis Secvlas,
raRacaze an viRacaze Sexeba da sxva. magaliTad, Tavis daqneviT,
SexedviT, intonaciiT da sxeulis gadaxriT Cven SeiZleba mivxvdeT, rom
dadga Cveni saubarSi CarTvis dro.
magaliTisTvis _ da modi am ucnauri sityvebis gareSe, - ganagrZo
kurdRlistuCam. _ garkveviT ilaparake papa, rogor yvela santa-rosa
laparakobs.
moxucs aSkarad esiamovna es Txovna. Mman Caaxvela da
daiwyo...…(londoni 2011:58).
moviyvanoT kidev erTi magaliTi spasalarma nela daaxvela, amiT
undoda Seexsenebina fiqriT mocul giorgisaTvis: rad mixmeo weRan?
(gamsaxurdia 1979:136).
araverbaluri qmedeba SesaZlebelia imeorebdes verbalur
Setyobinebas: Txovna, xmadabla isaubron, da saCvenebeli TiTis tuCebTan
mitana.
adamianebi araverbalur urTierTobebs mimarTaven imisaTvis, rom
zustad da gasagebad gadmoscen TavianTi azrebi, grZnobebi, emociebi. es
saerToa yvela kulturisaTvis, Tumca sxvadasxva kulturisaTvis
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobaa damaxasiaTebeli. amgvarad, sxvadasxva kulturis
warmomadgenelTa urTierTobisaTvis aucilebelia urTierTobaTa im
araverbaluri formebis codna da gageba, romelic damaxasiaTebelia
mocemuli kulturisaTvis.
eWvs ar iwvevs isic, rom sityvebis daxmarebiT sxvadasxva
informacias vRebulobT, maT Soris iseTsac, romelic mosaubris
kulturaze migviTiTebs. amave dros informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras
warmoadgens es adamiani, Cven vgebulobT mimikiT, JestebiT, intonaciiT.
mimikis, Jestebis, pozebis saSualebiT adamianis sulieri energia
gamoixateba, moZraobani, simptomebi (gafiTreba an saxeze gawiTleba) iman
visac unda kargad Seiswavlos Tavisi partnioris xasiaTi, kargad unda

49
ocodes misi grZnobebis gamoxatvis sxvadasxva saSualeba, SeZlos maTi
adekvaturi Sefaseba.
urTierTobis sxvadasxva xerxis buneba da formebi saSualebas
gvaZlevs visaubroT verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciebis arsebiT
gansxvavebaze. araverbaluri urTierTobani yovelTvis socialuria, maTi
saSualebiT SeiZleba gavigoT komunikaciis monawileTa axlandeli
mdgomareoba, magram ver SevZlebT gavigoT sxvagan momxdari movlenebis
Sesaxeb.
araverbaluri cnobebi sinTezuria. Znelia maTi diferencireba.
komunikaciis verbaluri elementebi (sityva, winadadeba, fraza)
erTmaneTisagan mkafiodaa gamijnuli.
gansxvavebulia verbaluri cnebebi. Tuki adamianebs surT damalon
TavianTi ganzraxvebi, maT SeuZliaT kontroli gauwion sakuTar
metyvelebas, magram araverbaluri qcevebi praqtikulad kontrols ar
eqvemdebareba, amitom xSirad komunikaciis praqtikaSi xSiria Secdomebi,
romlebic gamowveulia mxolod araverbaluri moqmedebebiT. magaliTad,
erT-erTma partniorma saubrisas cxviri moiqeqa, es rom SeamCnia meore
partniorma, daaskvna, rom mosaubre tyuis, Tumca pirvels marTlac
eqaveboda cxviri.
mecnieri albert mehrabiani miiCnevs, rom araverbalur enas
adamianebi, rogorc wesi, advilad iTviseben bunebriv pirobebSi
dakvirvebebis, kopirebis mibaZvis saSualebiT. bavSvebs ki saubars
specialurad aswavlian. amas yuradRebas aqcevs ojaxi da socialuri
institutebi (Пиз 2006: 45). magaliTad, roca Cven vamCnevT adamianis, Cveni
mosaubris aragulwrfelobas, ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT Cvensave intuicias,
vsaubrobT meeqvse grZnobaze. sinamdvileSi mosaubris gamocnobaSi Cven
gvexmareba yuradReba, xSirad Seucnoblad mcire araverbaluri niSnebiT
vamCnevT, vkiTxulobT, sityvaTa Seusabamobas vxvdebiT.
amrigad, araverbaluri komunikacia mravalganzomilebiani,
mravalferovani, verbaluris paraleluri procesia, romelic ZiriTadad
qvecnobierad mimdinareobs.
araverbaluri komunikaciis zogierT normebs zogadi erovnuli an
eTnikuri buneba aqvT: evropaSi misalmebisas xels arTmeven, xolo

50
indoeTSi misalmebisas orive xels mkerdTan miitanen da odnav ixrebian.
sxva viwro profesiul sferoSi miRebulia signalebi, romliTac
urTierToben wyalmaSvelebi da myvinTavebi.
araverbaluri komunikaciis ormagi buneba universaluria, yvela
niSani gasagebi specifikuri signalebis arsebobiT aixsneba, romelic
mxolod erTi kulturisTvisaa gasagebi.
araverbaluri komunikaciis ganzraxuli niSnebis safuZvelze
araverbaluri komunikaciis mkvlevari, alan pizi gamoyofs verbaluri
saSualebebis sam tips:
1. fiziologiur reaqciaze dafuZnebuli qceviTi niSnebi: gafiTreba
an gawiTleba; mRelvarebis gamo oflis gamoyofa, sicivis an SiSisagan
kankali da sxva.
magaliTad ucnobma erTi nabiji gadmodga, qudi moixada, raTa saxe
gamoeCina da hkiTxa:
_ ver mcnobT?
don Juanma igi didi yuradRebiT aaTvaliera, magram ver icno.
_ gaxsovT Tu ara berg opzoomis alya? _ hkiTxa ucnobma. _ nuTu
dagaviwydaT jariskaci, romelsac modestos eZaxdnen?
don juani JrJolam aitana (merime 2011:81-82).
moviyvanoT kidev erTi nawyveti imave moTxrobidan SemaWirvebeli
pasuxis Tavidan asacileblad don juanma sabralo qals urcxvi werili
gadasca. man saCqarod gadaavlo Tvali, magram pirvelad veraferi gaigo,
xelaxla gadaikiTxa da Tvalebs ar daujera. don juani yuradRebiT
ucqeroda. xedavda, rogor iwmendda qali ofls Sublze, rogor
ifSvnetda Tvalebs: tuCebi uTrToda, saxe gafiTrebuli hqonda
micvalebuliviT (merime 2011:50).
„JrJolam aitana, oflis mowmenda, Tvalebis fSvneta, tuCebis
TrTola, saxis gafiTreba“ yvela es moqmedeba qceviTi fiziologiuri
niSnebia, romelTa kontroli SeuZlebelia.
2. winaswar ganuzraxveli niSnebi, romelTa gamoyeneba adamianis
CvevebTan (maT TviTadaptorebs eZaxian) cxviris moqeqva, fexis umizezod
qaneba, tuCis mokvneta da sxva.

51
 3. gansakuTrebuli komunikaciuri niSnebi: signalebi, romlebic
gvawvdian informacias obieqtis Sesaxeb, aseve movlenebi an
mdgomareobebi (Гойхман 2005:191).
amrigad, komunikaciaSi araverbaluri saSualebebi spontanurad
gamoiyeneba. es gamowveulia rogorc centraluri nervuli sistemis
rogorc dabali, aseve umaRlesi maCveneblebiT, romlebic pasuxs ageben
komunikaciaze. ra Tqma unda, raRac xarisxSi araverbaluri elementebi
kontrols eqvemdebareba, magram mxolod Zalian Zlieri TviTkontrolis
SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba moxdes informaciis “gaJonva”.

52
 Tavi II
Aaraverbaluri komunikaciis kulturaTSorisi aspeqtebi
sityvieri urTierToba saubris 35%-s moicavs, xolo informaciis
65%-is gadacema araverbaluri saSualebebis daxmarebiT xdeba. albert
meifrabianma (Пиз 2006:9) daadgina, rom verbaluri saSualebebiT
gadaicema informaciis 7%, bgeriTi saSualebebiT – (xmis tonisa da
bgeris intonaciis CaTvliT) 38%, araverbaluriT 55%. profesorma
berdvilsma (Пиз 2006:10) Caatara analogiuri samuSao adamianTa
urTierTobebSi araverbaluri saSualebebis xvedriTi wilis Sesaxeb. man
daadgina, rom adamiani dRis ganmavlobaSi sityvebiT 10-11 wuTs
laparakobs, rom TiToeuli winadadeba 2,5 wamze didxans ar JRers.
rogorc meifrabianma, manac aRmoaCina, rom sityvieri urTierToba
saubris 35%-s moicavs, xolo informaciis 65% gadaicema araverbaluri
saSualebebiT. mkvlevarTa umravlesoba iziarebs azrs, rom verbaluri
arxi gamoiyeneba informaciis gadacemisaTvis, maSin roca araverbaluri
arxi pirovnebaTa urTierTobis „ganxilvisas“ gamoiyeneba, xolo zogierT
SemTxvevaSi sityvieri Setyobinebis nacvlad ixmareba (Ekman, Friesen 1969:4).
mag: qals SeuZlia qmars „momakvdinebeli“ mzera esrolos, da amiT igi
SesaniSnavad gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas da amisTvis mas sityvis
Tqmac ar sWirdeba.
araverbaluri komunikacia ufro sandod da gulwrfelad aris
miCneuli, vidre verbaluri, radgan araverbaluri niSnebis gakontroleba
ufro Znelia, vidre sityvebis; Tu maT Soris Seusabamobaa, maSin
adamianebi ufro metad araverbalur informacias endobian. Aamis
dasturad moviyvanoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjvenidan“:
mefe dinjad ijda mSvlis bewvis unagirze da Sescqeroda mamamzis
irmisisfer Tvalebs. Mmis mudaraSi imdeni siwrfele da mamaSviluri
ruduneba ismoda, gaocda giorgi.
Zveli mamamze moagonda, Sirimnis fanaskertis da nialis omebSi
TanamebrZoli. Bbagrat kurapalatis uerTgulesi yma da misive siyrmis
megobari.
exla ki eWvi Seepara giorgis egeb styuodnen mstovrebi, mamamze
ubralo iyoso kolonkeliZisa da Wiaberis mier atexil amboxSi.

53
 cxenidan ar Camovida da gadawyvita im wuTSive daemartoxelebina
mamamze, Zmurad, mamaSvilurad gasaubreboda, gamoekiTxa Wiaberis
gandgomis mizezi.
Semdgom amisa, saxis gamometyvelebiT, an xmis niriT gamoarkvevda
mefe, Tu ra wili edo Tavad mamamzes am saqmeSi (gamsaxurdia 1976:22).
Aaqedan gamomdinare, kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, rom adamianebi
urTierTobis sworad warmarTvisaTvis araverbalur komunikacias ufro
endobian, radganac sityvebiT „TamaSi“ SeiZleba, xolo araverbaluri
niSnebis gakontroleba SeuZlebelia.
araverbaluri komunikaciis umniSvnelovanesi Taviseburebaa is, rom
igi xorcieldeba grZnobis yvela organos meSveobiT: mxedvelobis, smenis,
SegrZnebis, gemos, ynosvis, romelnic komunikaciis sakuTar arxs qmnian.
araverbaluri komunikaciis elementebia: kinesika, taqtiluri
moqmedeba, sensorika, proqsemika, qronemika. Yyvelaferi es qvemoT
cxrilis saxiT aris mocemuli (Burgoon 1994: 229).

kinesika sxeulis moZraobebi, (saxis

alewva, mxrebis aCeCva, Tvalis
moZraoba fexis moZraoba, TiTebis
bartyuni)
proqsemika dayofa sivrcis mixedviT (fizikur da
socialur garemosTan mimarTebaSi)
taqtiluri moqmedeba Sexeba
okulistika mxedvelobiTi kontaqti
qronemika drois gamoyeneba, lodini, pauzis
gakeTeba
sernsorika ynosva
vokaliqsi xmis toni, tembri, moculoba,siCqare
xmis simboloebi butbuti, mmm, er, ah, uh, huh, luRluRi
siCume xmis nakleboba: mdumareba, simSvide,
idumaleba
mokazmuloba Cacmuloba, samkaulebi, Tmis

54
 varcxniloba

poza sxeulis pozicia (realuri an

moCvenebiTi maxasiaTeblebi)
moZraoba siaruli, sirbili, barbaci, koWlobiT
siaruli
gamometyveleba warbSekruli, damanWuli, Tavmomwone,
gaRimebuli, gabutuli.

sxvadasxva avtori araverbaluri komunikaciis struqturirebis

gansxvavebul models gvTavazobs. profesori adam blatneri, amerikel
fsiqiatrTa asociaciis wevri, msoflioSi aRiarebuli specialisti
fsiqodramebisa da roluri TamaSebis sferoSi, Semdegnair dayofas
gvTavazobs:
 pirovnuli sivrce;
 sxeulis poza;
 Jestikulacia xelebiT;
 TvalebiT kontaqti;
 paraena (xmovani komunikaciis „araleqsikuri“ nawili intonacia,
intensivoba, toni, simaRle, saubris tempi, pauzebi);
 Sexeba;
 garegnoba (tansacmeli, makiaJi, aqsesuarebi);
 sivrceSi dakavebuli pozicia (magaliTad, mosaubris mimarT);
 saxis gamometyveleba;
 siarulis, moZraobis manera;
 fiziologiuri reaqciebi (gawiTleba, ofli, kankali, nestoebis
daberva, cremlebi, nikapis caxcaxi, wamwamebis xamxami, gafiTreba,
nerwyvis ylapva, mZime sunTqva);
ganvixiloT zogierTi es kategoriaTagani ufro vrclad.
proqsemika es komunikaciis sivrcobrivi damokidebulebaa. mocemuli
termini SemoRebulia amerikel anTropologis-e. holis mier, sivrcobrivi
komunikaciis organizaciuli kanonmdeblobisaTvis, agreTve teritoriuli

55
gavlenisaTvis, xalxTa Soris manZilisa da distanciisaTvis, pirovnuli
urTierTobisaTvis. specialurma gamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom isini
arsebiTad gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva kulturaSi da ganekuTvnebian
komunikacias (Hhall 1997:271)
yoveli adamiani Tvlis, rom sivrcis gansazRvruli moculoba aris
misi sakuTreba da am sivrcis darRveva ganixileba, rogorc mis Sinagan
samyaroSi SeWra, rogorc aramegobruli qceva, amitomac adamianTa
urTierToba yovelTvis myardeba gansazRrul manZilze da es manZili
gviCvenebs xasiaTsa da xalxTaSoris damokidebulebas. yoveli adamiani
Segnebulad awesebs Tavisi piraduli sivrcis sazRvrebs.
ase, magaliTad, megobrebi yovelTvis dganan axlos erTimeoresTan,
vidre ucnobebi, amavdroulad adamianTa Soris distanciis Secvla
urTierTobisas ganekuTvneba komunikaciis procesis nawils. garda amisa,
partniorebis komunikacia damokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, rogorebicaa;
sqesi, romelime kulturis an subieqturi kulturis kuTvnileba da sxva.
e. holma Tavisi dakvirvebebis Sedegad gamoyo komunikaciis oTxi zona:
intimur-gancalkevebuli; piraduli manZili; socialuri distancia da
sajaro urTierTobis distancia.
ama Tu im kulturul sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebulia intimuri
zonis distanciebi. dasavleT evropelebis kulturaSi es distancia
daaxloebiT 60sm-ia; aRmosavleT evropis kulturaSi igi uswordeba
daaxloebiT 45sm-s; samxreT evropisa da xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebisaTvis
ki es aris manZili TiTebis dasasrulidan xelis idayvamde. partniorebi
am manZilze aramarto xedaven erTmaneTs, aramed kargad grZnoben
erTimeores, magram komunikaciis procesisaTvis ufro metad
mniSvnelovania piradi sicrce, es zona utoldeba 45-120sm. da masSi
xvdeba adamianTa didi nawili. aseT manZilze fizikurad kontaqti
aucilebeli ar aris. es optimaluri manZilia laparakisTvis.
komunikaciur proqsemikaze Catarebulma gamokvlevebma, romlebic
evropis Svid qveyanaSi Catarda, gviCvena, rom ingliselebi piradi
urTierTobisas sargebloben didi sivrciT, vidre frangebi da
italielebi. frangebi da italielebi Tavis mxriv sargebloben didi
sivrciT, vidre irlandielebi da Sotlandielebi. piradi zonis

56
sazRvrebis ucodinrobam kulturaTSorisi urTierTobisas SesaZloa
migviyvanos konfliqtamde. mag: laTinoamerikelebi Cveulebriv
urTierToben sakuTari zoniT, xolo Crdilo amerikelebi_intimuriT,
amitom pirvelebi meoreebs Tvlian TavSekavebulebad da civebad.
socialuri zona aris 1,2 metridan 3,6 metramde manZili. es
distancia gvikavia ucxo adamianebTan urTierTobisas (ofisSi Semosuli
klienti, saremonto samuSaoebis Casatareblad Semosuli teqnikuri
personali da a.S.).
mokled, es is manZilia, romelsac vicavT ucnob adamianebTan
urTierTobisas. socialuri zona esazRvreba piraduls da masSi, rogorc
wesi, xvdeba formaluri da samsaxureobrivi kontaqtebis didi nawili.
masSi xvdeba maswavlebelisa da moswavlis, ufrosisa da qveSevrdomis
urTierTobac. aq Zalian mniSvnelovania distanciuri urTierTobis
intimuri grZnoba, radganac socialuri zonis darRvevisas Seugneblad
warmoiSoba partnioris uaryofiTi reaqcia da fsiqologiuri
diskomforti, romelsac mivyavarT komunikaciis warumateblobamde.
intimuri zona 20-40 santimetrs warmoadgens. am zonas pirovneba
gansakuTrebiT ufrTxildeba da icavs; zonis „sazRvrebis gadalaxva“
nebadarTulia mxolod pirovnebasTan mWidro emociur siaxloveSi myofi
adamianebisTvis; Tumca am zonaSi arsebobs kidev erTi 15-santimetriani
diametris monakveTi, romelSic SeRweva mxolod fizikuri kontaqtis
meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli.
piradi zona 40 santimetridan daaxloebiT, 1- 2 metramde manZilia.
es aris is distancia, romlis dacvac miRebulia oficialur
RonisZiebebze, wveulebebze, megobrebis Sexvedrisas.
sazogadoebrivi zona 3,6 metrze metia. aseTi manZili
mosaxerxebelia adamianebis did jgufTan saubrisas. rogorc wesi,
intimuri zona ori mizeziT irRveva: masSi an Zalian axlobeli adamiani
aRwevs, an is, visac mtruli ganzraxva amoZravebs. Tuki adamiani
SedarebiT iolad urigdeba pirad an socialur zonaSi ucxo adamianis
SemoWras, intimuri zonis gadalaxva masSi srul „sabrZolo mzaobas“
iwvevs: guliscema xSirdeba, sisxlSi imatebs adrenalini, romelic
Semdeg Tavis tvinisa da kunTebisken miimarTeba. yvelaferi es ki imas

57
niSnavs, rom Tu Cven megobrulad SevexebiT, an movexveviT axlad
gacnobil adamians, es masSi uaryofiT reaqcias gamoiwvevs, Tumca,
garegnulad, SesaZloa, man es arc gamoxatos, amitom Tu gvsurs, rom
sazogadoebaSi yofnisas CvenTan Tavi yvelam komfortulad igrZnos,
unda davicvaT distancia. axal samsaxurSi muSaobis dawyebisas SesaZloa
mogveCvenoT, rom kolegebi civad gvepyrobian. sinamdvileSi, maT,
ubralod, Cven mimarT socialuri zonis distancia ukaviaT; garkveuli
drois Semdeg, rodesac erTmaneTs ukeT gaicnobT, isini ufro „axlos“
migiSveben da pirad zonaSi moZraobis uflebas mogcemen. Tumca arsebobs
SemTxvevebi, rodesac adamianis zona misi socialuri mdgomareobiTaa
ganpirobebuli (magaliTad, kompaniis mmarTveli yovelTvis daicavs
socialur zonas qveSevrdomebTan urTierTobisas).
Qqronemika droiT sargeblobaa araverbaluri komunikaciis
procesSi. urTierTobisas dro iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc sityvebi,
Jestikulacia, distancia da sxva. drois aRqma sxvadasxva kulturaSi
gansxvavebulia. ase magaliTad, saerTo krebebi afrikul soflebSi iwyeba
mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Seikribeba soflis yvela macxovrebeli. Tu
amerikaSi sajaro Sexvedrisas dagvianeba saqmisadmi uinteresobis
maCvenebelia, laTino amerikaSi 45 wuTiT dagvianeba Cveulebrivi
movlenaa, amitom bizmesmenis Sexvedra aSs-sa da laTino amerikaSi
SeiZleba damTavrdes warumateblad, radgan ar gaviTvaliswinebT sxva
kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebel drois sargeblobis specifikas.
qronemika agreTve swavlobs moZraobis ritmsa da drois angariSs
kulturaSi. ase magaliTad, didi qalaqis quCebSi unda viaroT swrafad,
vidre sofelSi. sxvadasxva kultura sargeblobs drois formaluri da
araformalur saxiT. araformaluri dro ganusazRvrelia ”ramdenime
xanSi”, “mogvianebiT” “dRis meore naxevarSi” da a.S. formaluri dro ki
piriqiT, iTvleba Zalian zustad: ”ori saaTisTvis,” “xval 5sT-ze”, da a.S.
kulturaTSorisi komunikaciisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze xelisSemSleli
faqtoria, rodesac erTi mosaubre operirebs formaluri droiT, xolo
misi oponenti, sxva kulturis warmomadgeneli_araformaluriT. pirveli
midis Sexvedraze dRis ori saaTisTvis, xolo meore_daaxloebiT dRis
meore naxevarSi.

58
 sensorika_warmoadgens araverbaluri komunikaciis erT-erT
elements, dafuZnebuls sxva kulturis warmomadgenlebis grZnobiT
aRqmaze. yvela sxva mxareeTan erTad araverbaluri komunikaciis
damokidebuleba partniorTan yalibdeba adamianis grZnobis organoebis
SegrZnebaze. imis miuxedavad, Tu rogor vgrZnobT suns, aRviqvamT gemos,
viRebT feradovan da xmovan wyobas, vgrZnobT Tanamosaubris sxeulis
siTbos, Cven vamyarebT urTierTobas masTan. adamianis grZnobiTi
organoebis es komunikaciuri funqciebi nebas gvaZlevs CavTvaloT isini
araverbaluri komunikaciis nawilad.
gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba urTierTobisas aqvs suns. es
Tavdapirvelad sxeulis suni da adamianis mier gamoyenebuli kosmetikaa.
Cven SeiZleba uari vTqvaT im adamianTan urTierTobaze, Tu CavTvliT,
rom mas specifikuri suni aqvs. igive sirTuleebi warmoCndeba
kulturaTSorisi komunikaciisas, suni, Cveulebrivi erTi kulturisaTvis
sxva kulturisTvis SeiZleba aRmoCndes miuRebeli. ase magaliTad, axali
gvineis maRalmTianeTis mcxovreblebi isufTaveben Tavs talaxiTa da
Roris qoniT da TiTqmis ar banaoben. albaT Zneli warmosadgenia
warmovidginoT, rom saWiroa aseT xalxTan urTierToba.
erovnuli samzareulos Tavisebureba damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva
xalxisTvis. tradiciuli samzareulos aromatic, romelsac ucxoelebi
Rebuloben, rogorc Cveulebrivs an miuRebelia mocemuli
kulturisaTvis, SesaZloa iyos sxvisTvis sruliad misaRebi an
Cveulebrivi. ase magaliTad, amerikelebis ojaxSi naxarSis suni, ar
warmoadgens araviTar usiamovno SegrZnebas, magram zogierTi
azielisTvis igi iseve autanelia, rogorc gaxrwnili Tevzis suni. rusebs
ki mouwevT sifrTxiliT gasinjon induri an indoneziuri samzareulo,
isini xom didi raodenobiT iyeneben specialur saneleblebs, induss ki
Cveni samzareulo Zalian umarilo moeCveneba.
yvela sensoruli moqmedeba erTdroulad qmnis ama Tu im kulturis
sensorul suraTs. niSans, romelsac Cvven vaZlevT am kulturas
damokidebulia ricxobriv Tanafardobaze, miRebuli da miuRebeli
sensoruli SegrZnebisas. Tu miRebuli SegrZneba metia, Cven kulturas

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vafasebT dadebiTad, Tu negatiuri Warbobs, ufro ar mogvwons (Лабунская
1986:31).
sxvadasxva kulturis qcevis SedarebiTma Sepirispirebam saSualeba
mogvca dagvedgina, rom sxvadasxva kulturis xalxi urTierTobisas
sargeblobs TavianT TanamosaubresTan Sexebis sxvadasxvagvari saxiT.
Sexebis aseT saxes mecnierebi upirvelesad miakuTvneben xelis
CamorTmevas da a.S. rogorc dakvirvebebma cxadyo, rom procesma SeiZleba
SeiZinos sxvadasxvagvari xasiaTi da mimdinareobdes gansxvavebuli
efeqturobiT. Camoyalibda gansakuTrebuli mecnieruli mimarTuleba,
romelic swavlobs Sexebis mniSvnelobasa da rols urTierTobisas,
romelsac ewoda “takesiki”.
Sexeba aucilebelia adamianTaTvis, raTa gaZlierdes an Sesustdes
urTierTobis procesi, magram Sexeba damokidebulia mTel rig
faqtorebze, romelTa Soris gacilebiT mniSvnelovania kultura, sqesi,
asaki, adamianis statusi da pirovnebis tipi. yovel kulturas gaaCnia
Sexebis Taviseburi wesebi, romlebis regulirdeba mocemuli kulturis
tradiciebiTa da adaT-wesebiT, ama Tu im sqesis adamianTa
urTierTqmedebiTa da kuTvnilebiT. sakmaod xSirad es damokidebulia im
rolze, romelsac TamaSobs Sesabamisi kulturis qali da kaci. zogierT
kulturaSi ikrZaleba kacis kacTan Sexeba, magram ar aris SezRuduli
qalis qalTan Sexeba. sxva kulturaSi ikrZaleba qalis mamakacTan Sexeba.
amis Sesabamisad arsebobs distanciuri da kontaqturi kulturebi.
kontaqtur kulturas miekuTvnebian laTinoamerikuli, aRmosavluri
kulturebi, aseve arabebi, ebraelebi, xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis
mcxovreblebi. germanelebi, ingliselebi da sxva. anglosaqsonebi
iSviaTad sargebloben Sexebis urTierTobiT. germanelebis, italielebis
da Crdiloamerikelebis taqtiluri qcevis gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom
kontaqturi an distanciuri kulturis kuTvnileba damokidebulia
agreTve adamianis pirovnebasa da mis sqesze. mag: germaniasa da amerikaSi
mamakacebi urTierToben did manZilze da naklebad exebian erTimeores
italielebTan SedarebiT. maTgan gansxvavebiT italieli mamakacebi
dganan ufro axlos erTimeoresTan da exebian erTmaneTs gacilebiT
ufro xSirad, vidre italieli qalebi. garda amisa, rogorc aRmoCnda,

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italieli mamakacebi TavianT TanamosaubreebTan urTierToben im
araverbaluri saSualebebis daxmarebiT, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia
mxolod germaneli da amerikeli qalebisTvis.
aziur kulturaSi mxrebze SexebiT aRniSnaven megobrobas, arabul
da zogierT aRmosavlur-evropul qveyanaSi, iseve rogorc saqarTveloSi,
megobruli grZnoba gamoixateba Zlieri moxveviT. musulmanebs Soris
moxveva muslimanuri grZnobis gamoxatulebaa, magram taqtilur
komunikaciaSi aris akrZalvebi: aziur kulturaSi, magaliTad, ar
SeiZleba Tanamosaubris TavTan Sexeba, rac miRebulia, rogorc wyena,
amitom aziur kulturaSi maswavleblebi xSirad urtyamen moswavleebs
Tavze da isinic amas iReben, rogorc sasjels.
nebismieri Sexvedris da urTierTobisas aucilebel atributad
iTvleba xelis CamorTmeva. komunikaciaSi is SeiZleba iyos Zalian
informaciuli, gansakuTrebiT misi intensivobiTa da xangZlivobiT.
Zalian mokle, uxaliso xelis CamorTmeva Zalian mSrali xelebi,
mowmobaa gulgrilobisa. Amis sapirispirod, Zalian xangrZlivi xelis
CamorTmeva da zedmetad sveli xelebi migvaniSneben Zlier mRelvarebasa
da movaleobis maRal doneze, gagrZelebuli xelis CamorTmeva Tbil
SexedvasTan erTad keTilganwyobis demonstrirebaa.
xelisguli yovelTvis iwvevs CvenSi gulaxdilobis, patiosnebis,
erTgulebisa da ndobis asociacias. saukeTeso saSualeba, gaigo,
marTalia Tu ara Sen winaSe mdgomi adamiani, mis xelisgulebze
dakvirvebaa. rodesac igi mTlianad gulwrfelia, is Tqvenken erT an
orive xelisguls iSvers. gulaxdili saubrisas xelisgulebi mTlianad
an nawilobriv Riaa. isev da isev, es sruliad aracnobieri Jestia,
romelic gvkarnaxobs, rom Cveni mosaubre am momentSi srul simarTles
ambobs. rodesac adamiani raRacis damalvas cdilobs, is xelebs jibeebSi
iwyobs, an gulze gadaijvaredinebs. Catarda saintereso kvleva,
romelmac daadastura, rom adamianebis umravlesobas uWirs tyuilis
Tqma, rodesac maTi xelisgulebi Riaa. xelisgulis Jestis sami ZiriTadi
saxeoba arsebobs (Пиз 2006: 80-81). rodesac xelisgulebi mimarTulia
zeviT, rodesac xelisgulebi mimarTulia qveviT da gaSverili TiTis
(mimaTiTebeli) Jesti. davuSvaT, Tqven sTxovT adamians mZime yuTis oTaxis

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erTi kuTxidan meoreSi gadatanas. yvela sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, pirveli
Jesti (anu zeviT aRmarTuli xelisgulebi) aris mimndobi,
keTilganwyobili, Jesti, romelic raime muqaras ar Seicavs. am Jestis
dros adamiani ar ganicdis zewolas sxvisi mxridan da sxvaTa naTqvams
aRiqvams, rogorc Txovnas. Tuki Tqveni xelisguli qvemoTaa mimarTuli,
Jesti maSinve mbrZaneblur elfers miiRebs; adamianSi is mtrul
ganwyobas iwvevs da Tqveni Txovna, SesaZloa, upasuxodac darCes. Dda
bolos, Tu mimarTvis dros Tqveni xeli muStadaa Sekruli, xolo
saCvenebeli TiTi gaSvebulia, es niSnavs, rom Tqven aiZulebT adamians,
dagemorCiloT. Tu TiTis gaSveriT saubris Cveva gaqvT, SeecadeT,
SecvaloT is Tundac Ria xelisgulebis JestiT da Tavad darwmundebiT,
rom adamianebTan urTierTobisas gacilebiT met warmatebas miaRwevT.
rac Seexeba xelis CamorTmevas, mecnierebi miiCneven, rom igi
pirvelyofili Temuri wyobilebidan iRebs dasabams. Ria xelisgulis
CvenebiT pirvelyofili adamiani aniSnebda meores, rom SeuiaraRebelia.
dResdReobiT, rodesac adamians xels varTmevT, amas misalmebis an
damSvidobebis mizniT vakeTebT. Tumca, aqac arsebobs garkveuli
niuansebi. ganvixiloT xelis CamorTmevis tipebi (dolikaSvili...2008:49)
dominanturi:^xelisguli qvemoT aris mimarTuli. es Jesti ar
iZleva Tanabari partnioruli urTierTobis Camoyalibebis Sansebs. aseTi
Jesti Zalauflebis moyvarul adamians axasiaTebs: igi yovelTvis Tavad
aris xelis CamorTmevis iniciatori da am JestiT (qvemoT mimarTuli
xelisguliT) adamianebs imorCilebs.
uemocio, usicocxlo xelis CamorTmeva: Aamerikelebi aseT xelis
CamorTmevas xatovnad “mkvdar Tevzs” uwodeben. is adamianis sust da
unebisyofo xasiaTze mianiSnebs. Tavi aarideT aseT Jests, igi negatiur
asociaciebs iwvevs _ aravis surs, xeli “mkvdar Tevzs” mohkidos.
xelis CamorTmevisas mklavis bolomde gaSla: agresiul adamians
axasiaTebs. aseTi Jestis daniSnulebaa partniorisgan maqsimaluri
distanciis daWera da sakuTari pirovnuli sivrcis “xelSeuxeblobis”
dacva. es Jesti xSirad gvxvdeba provinciaSi gazrdil adamianebSi,
radgan maT ufro farTo pirovnuli sivrce axasiaTebT. xelis amgvarad

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CamorTmevisas adamiani maqsimalurad win ixreba da SesaZloa cal fexzec
inarCunebdes wonasworobas.
xelis CamorTmeva TiTis wverebiT: sakuTar TavSi daurwmunebel
adamians axasiaTebs. aseTi Jestis mizanic partniorTan garkveuli
distanciis SenarCunebaa. aseT Jests xSirad mimarTaven infantiluri
qalebi, romlebsac surT mamakacTan distanciis SenarCunebis xazgasma.
xelis CamorTmevis iniciatori partnioris xels Tavisken eqaCeba.
aseTi adamiani Tavs komfortulad da mSvidad mxolod sakuTari
pirovnuli sivrcis farglebSi grZnobs da am JestiT cdilobs
partnioric am sivrceSi Semoiyvanos.
xelis CamorTmevisas orive xelis gamoyeneba: WeSmarit ndobasa da
wrfel grZnobebze metyvelebs. miaqcieT yuradReba marcxena xelis
mdgomareobas. marcxena xeli partnioris idayvze ufro meti grZnobis
gamomxatvelia, vidre rodesac is majazea moTavsebuli. amis msgavsad,
marcxena xeli partnioris mxarze ufro Rrma da gulwrfel grZnobas
niSnavs, vidre - Tu is wina mxarzea moTavsebuli. saerTod, adamianis
mxarze an idayvze xelis mokideba mxolod axlo naTesavebsa da
megobrebSia miRebuli.
xelebis Tavis ukan amodeba: es Jesti axasiaTebs Tavdajerebul,
upiratesobis grZnobiT Sepyrobil adamians, an adamians, romelsac
miaCnia, rom yvelaferi icis am qveyanaze. albaT amitomacaa, rom bevri
saSinlad Riziandeba am pozis danaxvisas. Tu amavdroulad, adamiani
fexs fexze debs (oTxianis msgavsad), maSin is, yvelaferTan erTad,
kamaTisa da diskusiis moyvarulia. aseT adamians, masTan urTierTobis
gasaTanabreblad SeecadeT, poza SeacvlevinoT. magaliTad, Tu raime
problemaze saubrobT, gaxsnili xelisgulebis gamoyenebiT sTxoveT,
komentari gaakeTos da misi naTqvamis mimarT interesi gamoxateT.
SegiZliaT, gaimeoroT misi pozac (rogorc wesi, pozis sarkisebri
asaxva adamianTan daTanxmebas niSnavs).
saCvenebeli TiTis daqneva adamianis daZaxebis mizniT - „modi aq“
Jesti. qarTul kulturaSi es yovlad uwyinari Jestia, Tumca, sakmaod
bevr kulturaSi is aRiqmeba, rogorc uzrdeluri, xolo zogan
ucenzuroc ki. axlo aRmosavleTSi, portugaliasa da espaneTSi, laTinur

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amerikaSi, iaponiaSi, indoneziasa da hong kongSi adamianis dasaZaxeblad,
umjobesia, dauqnioT mas yvela TiTiT an mTliani xeliT (am dros
xelisguli qvemoT unda iyos mimarTuli).
sxva adamianisken saCvenebeli TiTis gaSvera: es Jesti qarTul
realobaSi Tu ubralo uzrdelobad aRiqmeba, sxva mraval kulturaSi
saerTod miuRebelia. axlo da Soreuli aRmosavleTis qveynebSi am
miznisTvis iyeneben gaSlil xels, xolo indoneziaSi - cera TiTs.
iaponiaSi Zalian Seuracxmyofelia raime nivTis cali xeliT gadawodeba.
iseTi mcire ramec ki, rogoric fanqaria, aucileblad orive xeliT unda
miawodoT. aRmosavleTis zogierT sxva qveyanaSi marcxena xeliT
miwodeba dauSvebelia, radgan marcxena xeli „uwminduria“. mraval
situaciaSi sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan kontaqtisas
yalibdeba warmodgena, TiTqos adamianebi arabunebrivad iqcevian. Tu
amerikeli, iseve rogorc qarTveli sakuTar Tavze laparakobs
saCvenebel TiTiT sakuTar mkerdze mianiSnebs, es ki iaponelebs ucnaur
Jestad miaCniaT, maSin roca, aseT SemTxvevasSi isini sakuTar cxvirs
exebian. Cinelebi dResac gaurbian ucnobebTan kontaqts, maTTvis magrad
xelis CamorTmeva iseve miuRebelia, rogorc evropelisTvis mxarze xelis
dartyma, rac niSnavs “janmrTelad iyavi” (Argyle 1991:45).
Aunda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis xelebi misi meore enaa, Tanac
iersaxesTan SedarebiT isini cnobier kontrols kidev ufro naklebad
eqvemdebareba, aqedan gamomdinare, xelebs SeuZlia iseTi informaciis
gamJRavneba, romelTa gamoaSkaraveba SesaZloa mocemul situaciaSi
sasurveli ar iyos. moviyvanoT nawyveti e. yifianis moTxrobidan, roca
levanTan misul radiokomitetis Tavjdomares, kotes ainteresebs Tu
rogor Caiara cnobil msaxiob uCa arTveliZis xmis Caweram, am dros ki
levans firfita dazianebuli aqvs, rasac mtkivneulad ganicdis, magram
amis Sesaxeb Tavjdomares arafers eubneba. isini saubroben.D
Kkote: _ Canaweri Tu moismina?
Llevani: _ SevTavaze da ise SeSfoTda...…ara, arao, xelebi gaasavsava.
Ggaurbis, eSinia, Tqva kotem _ grZnobs rom Zveleburi xma ar aqvs
da ar unda sabolood darwmundes.

64
 Tqven xom ar moismendiT batono kote? _ uecrad wamoscda levans
da TavSi xelebi itaca; aseT dros Cveulebriv, unda SeeTavazebina
TavjdomarisTvis firis mosmena, magram sul aRar gaaaxsenda, rom...
(yifiani 2010:264).
anu “TavSi xelebis tacebam” mTlianad gamoamJRavna is informacia,
ris damalvasac levani ase saguldagulod cdilobda.
araverbaluri semiotikis erT-erT centralur dargs warmoadgens
kinesika. kinesika SegviZlia gavigoT, rogorc mecniereba adamianis
sxeulisa da misi nawilebis enis Seswavlis Sesaxeb. Aaraverbaluri
komunikaciisa da sxeulis enis Seswavlas yovelTvis didi interesi
eTmoboda kulturis istoriaSi. gansakuTrebiT xSirad araverbaluri
komunikacia da sxeulis ena mecnierebis iseTi dargebis sakvlev obieqts
warmoadgenda, rogoricaa, ritorika, medicina, fsiqologia, pedagogika,
xelovneba da fiziognomika. pirveli, vinc sistemuri xasiaTis kvleva
Caatara adamianis sxeulis moZraobis Seswavlis Sesaxeb, jon kasper
lavateri gaxldaT. swored man gamoaqveyna statia ”fiziognomikis
Sesaxeb” 1972 wels. pirvelma Caatara detaluri gamokvleva da aRwera
erTis mxriv, adamianis saxis gamometyvelebasa da sxeulis
konfiguraciebs Soris korelaciuroba da meores mxriv, adamianTa tipebi
da maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani. lavateri adamianis fsiqikur
da fizikur niSnebs Soris pirdapir kavSirs xedavda. igi gansakuTrebul
yuradRebas uTmobda saxis formisa da nakvTebis Seswavlas da Tvlida,
rom TiToeuli nakvTi metyvelebda pirovnebis xasiaTze, mis sulier da
fsiqikur mdgomareobaze. niSandoblivia is faqtic, rom adamianebi jer
kidev antikuri epoqidan moyolebuli eswrafodnen fiziognomikis
xelovnebis dauflebas. isini cdilobdnen fizikuri nakvTebidan
gamomdinare SeeswavlaT adamianis xasiaTi, magram aqve aRvniSnavT, rom
Zveli berZnebi adamianis konfiguraciebsa da ama Tu im cxovelisa Tu
frinvelis garegan agebulebas Soris avlebdnen paralels, poulobdnen
maT Soris garkveul msgavsebas da am monacemebze dayrdnobiT
konkretuli pirovnebis xasiaTis identifikacias axdendnen. maT
sjerodaT, rom adamiansa da ama Tu im cxovelsa Tu frinvels (romelsac
is waagavda), Soris garkveuli Tvisobrivi msgaveba iyo. magaliTad,

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adamiani farTo da ovaluri saxiT, mkveTrad gamoxatuli win wamoweuli
nakvTebiT, MmTlianobaSi cxenisebri saxiT loialuri, mamaci da mtkice
xasiaTis mqone pirovneba unda yofiliyo. arwivisebri cxviri
gambedaobaze da mxneobaze metyvelebda, mrgvali pirisaxis mqone adamiani
Tavdajerebul pirovnebad moiazreboda, xSiri, TaRisebri warbebi xazs
usvamda adamianSi gadamwyvetunarianobis Tvisebas, grZeli, wawvetebuli
nikapi mbrZanebluri xasiaTis mqone adamianze miuTiTebda da a.S.
dResdReobiT, eWvs ar iwvevs is faqti, rom kinesikuri maxasiaTeblebi
Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyofel da arsebiT komponents
Seadgens.
kinesikur maxasiaTeblebSi vgulisxmobT Jestebs, saxis
gamometyvelebas (mimika), sxeulis pozas, moZraobas da manerebs.
vizualur efeqtebze saubrisas devid kristali wers, rom
“araverbaluri komunikaciis dargi, kinesika, SeiZleba ramdenime
komponentad davyoT: saxiTi gamometyveleba, kontaqti TvalebiT, Jesti da
sxeulis moZraoba. TiToeuli maTgani mraval funqcias asrulebs.
sxeulisa da saxis moZraobebis meSveobiT SegviZlia individualuri
piris pirovnuloba da misi emociuri mdgomareoba avxsnaT. magaliTad,
saxes SeuZlia mravalgvari emocia gadmogvces: SiSi, bedniereba,
sixaruli, sevda, gaoceba, interesi, brazi, siZulvili da mravali sxva.
Tumca maT umravlesobas universaluri xasiaTi ar aqvs, rac imas niSnavs,
rom maT gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi aqvT sxvadasxva kulturisa da
qveynis enaSi” (Crystal 1987:402).
magaliTad, Tu qarTul, rusul, inglisur da sxva enebSi Tavis
daqneva dasturis niSania, bulgarul, berZnul da indur enebSi igi
uaryofas an uaris Tqmas niSnavs; an kidev, Soreuli aRmosavleTis
qveynebSi komunikaciis dros komunikantTa Tavdaxrili da
TvalebadaSvebuli mdgomareoba urTierTpatisviscemis niSania, maSin
roca amerikelebisaTvis iseve rogorc qarTvelebisTvis pirdapiri
kontaqti TvalebiT sakmaod miRebuli formaa, da ufro metic, Tuki
urTierTobis procesSi komunikantebi erTmaneTs ar uyureben TvalebSi,
es SeiZleba gaxdes mizezi undoblobisa da garkveuli diskomfortic

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mohyves Sedegad komunikaciuri procesis monawileTa Soris. N
ganvixiloT nawyveti moTxrobidan “mwvane farda”
_ eCveneba, rom aRaraferi SeuZlia... rogorc ki rames gaakeTebs,
hgonia, mTeli sasicocxlo Zala daxarja da wveba, SeSdeba... marto Tavis
mimarT rom iyos eWviani, raRac eSveleboda magram sul TvalebSi rom
Semogcqeris? xom ar matyuebeno, xom ar damciniano... (yifiani 2010: 263).
yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakomunikacio saSualeba saxis
gamometyvelebaa. is umniSvnelovanesia emociebis gadasacemad. saxis
gamometyvelebaSi Sedis Rimili, TvalebiT kontaqti, mimikebi, emociebis
gamoxatvis mxriv, adamianis sxeulis yvelaze “maRalganviTarebuli”
nawili misi saxea (Scollon... 1983:79).
zogierTi adamianisTvis imdenad Cveulia esa Tu is emocia, rom misi
saxis kunTebi erTgvarad afiqsirebs am emocias. albaT, bevrjer
SexvedrixarT adamianebs, romelTa saxis gamometyvelebiT advilad
xvdebodiT maT xasiaTs: wuwunaa Tu pretenziuli, mudmivad ukmayofilo
Tu, piriqiT, keTilganwyobili da gulwrfeli. es imitom xdeba, rom
rodesac romelime konkretuli emociis (magaliTad, ukmayofilebis)
Sesabamisi mimika xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi da xSir-xSirad Cndeba
romelime adamianis saxeze, is kunTebi, romlebic am mimikaSi
monawileobs, hipertrofirdeba (zedmetad viTardeba da izrdeba); amdenad,
adamianis saxis formac icvleba da igi qronikulad “atarebs”
ukmayofilebis gamometyvelebas.
gavixsenoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjvenidan”, sadac mwerali
Zalian kargad aRwers araverbaluri niSnebiT zviad spasalaris xasiaTs
da bunebas.
selze dajda pirbanjgvliani, moRuSuli mxedarTmTavari;
warbSeyrili da moRuSuli ijda zviad spasalari; spasalari yovelgvar
enamzeobas moklebuli iyo, ubralo saubaric Zlier uWirda bunebiT
mdumares. Llaparakis dros saxe eRrijeboda, cxviris nestoebi ebereboda,
muStebs iSveliebda uneblieT TiTqos eqadnebao; zviadma miaStera Tavis
didroni, moRuSuli Tvalebi; marad moRuSuli, Seyrili warbebi;
spasalaris SavadSeyrili warbebi.

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 raRa Tqma unda, garda aseTi „qronikulisa“, arsebobs kidev Zalian
bevri ufro xanmokle, zogjer ki, wamieri gamometyveleba, romelic
xSirad pirovnebis survilisgan damoukideblad gaielvebs mis saxeze
(Cafiqreba, gaoceba, sevda, TavSekaveba, seqsualuri interesi, dabneuloba,
SiSi, SfoTva, muqara da a.S.).
mimika adamianis saxis gamometyvelebis Secvlas warmoadgens,
romelic saubris dros xdeba. igi araverbaluri komunikaciis umTavresi
elementia. partnioris saxe nebsiT Tu uneblieT Cvens yuradRebas iwvevs,
radganac misi saxis gamometyveleba saSualebas gvaZlevs gavigoT esmis
Tu ara partniors Cveni, swored saxis gamometyvelebiT, masze
dakvirvebiT SeiZleba adamianis WeSmariti zraxvebis amocnoba.
saanalizod kvlav moviyvanoT nawyveti ,,didostatis marjvenidan“, sadac
Zalian kargad aris gadmocemuli da aRwerili adaminTa saxis
gamometyveleba, maTi damokidebulebebi, personaJebis xasiaTebi
araverbaluri niSnebiT imdenad kargad aris gadmocemuli, rom damatebiT
verbalur Setyobinebas is ar saWiroebs.
kibis xarixaze fexi Sedga zviadma Tu ara, ezosmoZRvarma kvlav
gamohyo talanidan Tavi.
mobrZandiT, zviad batono, _ Semoegeba RimiliT stumars, marad
moRuSuli, Seyrili warbebi arc ki gauxsnia zviads, ise miugdo „mwuxri
mSvidobisa“ xucess da Ria karSi Seaswro anazdad.
sawoli darbazis kari Ria iyo. Sig Sesvlamdis Tvali mohkra
zviadma melqisedekis gafiTrebul saxes, uzarmazar baliSze mTlad
daleuls.
zviads iseTi dafanCvuli warbebi da grZeli wamwamebi hqonda,
mZinare egoneboda ucxos. Mmiuxedavad amisa, gaumxelel zraxvaTa
Secnobis didostatic iyo zviad spasalari.
roca misalmebani da urTierT mokiTxva moTavda, erTbaSad didi
uxerxuloba Seicno zviadma, amaod eZebda kaTalikosTan gasaubrebis
sagans, magram igi ar aRmoCnda anazdad.
ezosmoZRvari fexze idga, pirSi Sescicinebda spasalars, Tavisi
rCxia, cercvisferi TvalebiT eubneboda TiTqos: sTqvi barem, risTvis
mosulxar? sul erTia, uTqmeladac yovelive vicio.

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 gaciebuli kameCiviT qSinavda Savwvera goliaTi mamai stefanoz,
asrutunebda bukiviT msxvilsa da meWeWian cxvirs, waramara xels isvamda
fafuk Ripamdis miRweul wverze.
Zlivs afaxulebda didron Tvalebs wvergaburZgvnili mitropoliti
raJdeni, TriaqiT mTvrals miugavda saxe, pirmokumuli ijda Txawvera
moxuci beri gaioz, cxvirmokle da yukveTili moxuci.
kaTalikosma wamuyo da ezosmoZRvari ciyviviT dayuncda selis
skamze. Mmis gamoxedvaSi cnaurdeboda is veluri sifxizle, mindvris
virTxas rom etyoba xolme, velis pirad axladgamosuls sorodan
(gamsaxurdia 1979:137-138).
adamianis saxe xom Zalian plastikuria da SeuZlia sxvadasxvanairi
gamometyveleba miiRos. iTvleba, rom saxis gamometyvelebaSi 55
komponenti monawileobs (Пиз 2006:10). yvelaze kargad gamokvleulia
Rimili. ase Cven SegviZlia gadmovceT sixaruli saCuqris miRebisas,
Tumca adamianuri emociebis gamovlenis sxvadasxva formas specifikuri
xasiaTi aqvT, magaliTad: sicili yvela dasavlur qveyanaSi asocirdeba
sixarulTan da xumrobasTan, iaponiaSi, sicili morcxvobisa da
aramdgradobis niSania, amitom zogjer gaugebrobas vawydebiT, roca
evropeli brazdeba, xolo iaponeli partniori morcxvad iRimis. Tu
evropelma ar icis iaponuri kulturis es Tavisebureba, igi ganrisxdeba,
radganac ifiqrebs, rom mas dascinian.
rogorc wesi, adamianebi met_naklebad cdiloben gaakontrolon
saxis gamometyveleba (mimika), magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
paralelurad mimdinare mravali araverbaluri signalidan adamians
SeuZlia erTdroulad mxolod ori an sami akontrolos, saTanado
codnisa da gamocdilebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia im grZnobebisa da
miswrafebebis amocnoba, romelTa damalvasac ase cdilobs Tqveni
mosaubre.
moviyvanoT magaliTi d. Sengelaias romanidan „baTa qeqia“:
daneliam Tvali Segvaswo, mixvda, ra cecxlic gvdagavda orives,
magram ara daumCnevia ra. wverze orTav xeli isev Tarsulad Camoisva da
Subli kuStad rom Seikra, Sevatyve, bunebaSi TavisTvis gaiangariSa

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ukuRmarTi ram, mivxvdi, rom isev gamyida, magram mis asaval-dasavals ras
mivxvdebodi, ambavi isev gavnagrZe (Sengelaia 2010:104).
an kidev: rusikos avxede, idga da gamWoli, momlodine mzeriT
miyurebda. daZabuloba mxolod mokumul tuCebze etyoboda (SataiZe
2010:114).
saqmiani molaparakebebis dros saxis gamometyvelebis sakmaod
farTo diapazonze SegviZlia dakvirveba. mis erT-erT poluszea adamiani
_agresiulad da xistad ganwyobili _ romlisTvisac molaparakebebze
raRacis daTmoba sikvdilis tolfasia. aseTi adamiani, rogorc wesi,
pirdapir TvalebSi giyurebT, misi Tvalebi farTod gaxelili, tuCebi _
mokumuli, warbebi ki SeWmuxnilia; saubrisas is cris sityvebs, radgan
tuCebs TiTqmis ar amoZravebs. speqtris meore boloSia kargi manerebisa
da bavSvuri gamoxedvis mqone, Sublgaxsnili da odnav moRimari,
kontaqturi adamiani, romelic, savaraudod, fiqrobs, rom TanamSromloba
dinamikuri da moqnili procesia. adamianis emociebis siwrfeleze mimikis
simetriuloba metyvelebs; rac ufro metia siyalbe da sicrue, miT ufro
gansxvavdeba saxis marcxena da marjvena naxevrebis mimika. saerTod,
nebismieri gamometyveleba saxeze sakmaod xanmoklea da xSirad
SeumCneveli rCeba. misi daWerisa da amocnobisTvis specialuri varjiSi
da praqtikaa saWiro. amasTan, dadebiTi emociebi (sixaruli, bedniereba)
yovelTvis ufro iolad amocnobadia, vidre uaryofiTi (sircxvili,
damwuxreba, zizRi). gansakuTrebiT gamomxatveli da advilad misaxvedria
adamianis tuCebis moZraoba. bevrma icis, rom tuCebis mokvneta
mousvenrobasa da SfoTvaze metyvelebs, xolo cal mxares moRrecili
piri skeptikuri ganwyobis an dacinvis niSania.
Mmimikis palitraSi gamomxatvelia ara mxolod tuCebi, aramed
warbebic, Aamitom rodesac gvsurs gavigoT Tanamosaubris mdgomareoba,
aucilebelia maTze yuradRebis mipyroba.
Tanamosaubris mdgomareobis safuZvels Seadgens saxis reaqciis
eqvsi sistema, romlebic konkretulad gamoxataven gakvirvebas, SiSs,
mrisxanebas, zizRs, sixarulsa da mwuxarebas (aminovi 2009: 132). Mmokled
gavecnoT TiToeul maTgans.

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 Ggakvirveba _ es aris momentaluri reaqcia. igi yovelTvis
myisierad aRmocendeba. Tu aris dro imis gasaazreblad, ramac SeiZleba
gakvirveba gamoiwvios, gakvirveba saxeze ar fiqsirdeba.Ggakvirveba-
gaocebis stimulebia: obieqtis garegnoba, xma, suni, raimesTan Sexeba,
Setyobineba da a.S.
Ggakvirvebis reaqciis ZiriTadi gamoxatulebebia: warbebi zeviTaa
aweuli, Sublze aris farTo naoWebi; Tvalebi farTod, modunebuladaa
gaxelili, feradi garsis zemoT Cans TeTri sklera; Sesabamisad, piri
gaRebulia, unda aRiniSnos, rom es kontrolirebadi reaqciebia. isini
SeiZleba adamianma Seikavos, magram miuxedavad amisa, rogorc wesi, mainc
gamovlindeba.
SiSi aris emocia, romelic aRmocendeba adamianisaTvis
gansakuTrebiT saSiSi raimes Wvretisas. Mmisi mizezi SeiZleba iyos
fizikuri tkivilis, raime arasasiamovno movlenis molodini, romelTa
Tavis aridebac am adamians ar SeuZlia.
SiSis reaqciis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: aweuli, daWimuli da
mokrunCxuli warbebi, mokle naoWebi Sublze; gaxelili Tvalebis zemoT

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Cans TeTri skela, qveda quTuTo Zalze daWimulia, tuCebi gaxsnilia,
Zlierad daWimuli da ukan gaweuli. SiSis gamoxatva gakvirvebis
gamoxatvisagan gansxvavdeba oTxi momentiT:
 Ggakvirvebis reaqciiis dros naoWebi gadis mTel Sublze,
SiSis reaqciis dros ki isini moklea da koncentrirdeba cxviris
fuZesTan;
 Ggaxelili Tvalebi daZabulia;
 gaRebuli piri uformod damaxinjebulia, tuCebi daZabuli;
 gakvirveba wamieri reaqciaa, SiSi ki _ ufro xangZlivi.
zogjer SiSis emocia SeiZleba Seerwyas gakvirvebas. esExdeba im
SemTxvevaSi, roca mkveTri movlenebi moulodnelia da warmoiqmneba
momentalurad.
ama Tu im emociis TanmimdevrobaSi pirvelobis da mdgradobis
mixedviT SeiZleba msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Warbobda: SiSi Tu
gakvirveba.
mrisxaneba (sibraze) _ warmoadgens fsiqikuri aSlilobis, fizikuri
muqaris an vinmesadmi fsiqologiuri an fizikuri zianis miyenebis
gamsazRvris Sedegs.Mmrisxanebisas adamians uwevs sisxlis wneva, ris
Sedegad uwiTldeba saxe, safeTqlebze _ yelze ebereba venebi, uxSirdeba
sunTqva, eWimeba kunTebi.
mrisxanebis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: warbebis SeWSmuxvna, maT
Soris warmoiqmneba vertikaluri nakecebi, warbebis gare kideebi aweulia,
Sublze ar aris horizontaluri naoWebi, Tvalebi moWutulia, tuCebi
daZabulad mokumuli, zogjer saxis damanWvisas SiSvldeba kbilebi.
mrisxanebis (sibrazis) makontrolebeli reaqciebi praqtikaSi
vlindeba ori saxiT. Mmrisxanebis pirveli saxesxvaobis gamovlenisas mis
indikators warmoadgens mxolod warbebi, saxe ki rCeba neitraluri. amas
SeiZleba adgili hqondes, roca Tanamosaubre:
 ganicdis msubuq gaRizianebas;
 wyvets raime rTul, amouxsnel problemas;
 yuradRebis koncentrirebas axdens raimeze;
 kritikulad afasebs sityvebs, saqmeebs, qcevebs;

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  cdilobs garSemomyofTa winaSe damalos Tavisi gabrazeba.
mrisxanebis meore saxesxvaobis gamovlinebas gvamcnobs:
 warbebi da quTuToebi;
 piri da quTuToebi.
es xdeba maSin, rodesac adamiani ismens raime Zalian grZel,
ganmeorebebiT savse, uintereso cnobebs.
zizRi warmoadgens reaqcias gemos, xmis, sunis, Sexebis SegrZnebaze.
Bbunebrivia, aseTi obieqtis zemoqmedeba da masze reaqciis gamovlineba
damokidebulia damkvirveblis kulturaze da situaciaze, romelSic is
imyofeba. zizRis ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: Camoweuli warbebi; Sublze
naoWebis ararseboba, daxuruli, TiTqmis mTlad daxuWuli Tvalebi,
piris kuTxeebi Camoweuli. zogjer zizRis Zlieri xarisxisas piri
gaRebulia, cxviri_ danaoWebuli. adamianebisadmi zizRi, Cveulebriv,
gamovlindeba siZulvilSi.
sixaruli ganicdeba, rogorc sasiamovno, aRmgznebi, ganwyobis
amamaRlebeli, raime arasasiamovnos an saSiSis Semamsubuqebeli SegrZneba.
zogierT SemTxvevaSi igi SeiZleba Seerwyas gakvirvebas, am dros, rogorc
wesi, gakvirvebis reaqcia fiqsirdeba mxolod wamierad. Zalian xSirad
sixarulis eqspresiebiT iniRbeba brazi da SiSi. sixarulis reaqciis
ZiriTadi gamovlinebebia: warbebi da Subli TiTqmis ar monawileoben
eqspresiis formirebaSi; Tvalebi xSirad viwrovdeba da brwyinavs,
tuCebis kuTxeebi am dros zeviT iwevs, piri iWimeba RimilSi.
Mmwuxareba (naRveli) yvelaze xSirad gamowveulia raime danakargiT.
igi saxeze fiqsirdeba ramdenime wuTidan ramdenime dRemde. Aam emocias
gaaCnia sakmaod farTo diapazoni _ dardis mdgomareobidan mwuxarebamde
da tanjvamde. Mmwuxarebis reaqciis piradi gamovlinebebia: warbebi
erTadaa miweuli, gare daboloebebi Camoweulia, warbebis Soris Cndeba
mcire vertikaluri nakecebi; Sublis centrSi mokle naoWebia; Tvalebi
cotaTi gaorebulia da qveda da zeda quTuToebs Soris iqmneba
samkuTxedis formis nakeci, piris kuTxeebi qvemoTaaa Camoweuli.
rogorc wesi, emociebi aRmocendeba raime gamRizianebelze. amasTan,
emociis gamosaxatavad mimikuri moZraobis arsenali erTi da igivea: SiSi
iwvevs saxis daZabvas, sixaruli _ modunebas da a.S.

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 v. v kuprianovis azriT, emociis garegani gamoxatuleba, rogorc
wesi, gadis Tavis stadiebs da gaaCnia Tavisi Sesakrebebi: dardi
gardaiqmneba sevdad, sevda _ naRvelad, naRveli _ Rrma mwuxarebad,
namdvil tanjvad. emociis gazrda yovelTvis iwvevs mimikis gaZlierebas.
aseTi Tanmimdevroba advilad SeiZleba SevamCnioT saxeze tirilis
ganviTarebis dasawyisidan isteriul moTqmamde, an Rimilis gadasvlisas
homerul sicilamde (Куприянов 1988:45).
calke saubris Temaa adamianis Rimili. zogadad, Rimiliani saxe
megobrul ganwyobasa da mowonebis survils gamoxatavs, Tumca, Rimils
SesaZloa bevri sxvadasxva motivi edos safuZvlad:
 gadaWarbebuli Rimilianoba_ mowonebis moTxovnilebaze metyvelebs;
 moRrecili Rimili _ Sekavebuli nerviulobis niSania;
 Rimili aweuli warbebiT _ damorCilebis mzaobas gamoxatavs;
 Rimili daweuli warbebiT _ upiratesobas aRniSnavs;
 Rimili qveda quTuToebis awevis gareSe _ aragulwrfelobis
maniSnebelia;
 Rimili, romelsac Tan sdevs Tvalebis mudmivi gafarToeba
(daxuWvis gareSe) muqaris maniSnebelia. (Scollon 1994: 79)
igive iTqmis TvalebiT kontaqtze, Zalian mniSvnelovania TvaliT
kontaqtis SenarCuneba; mag: momxsenebels, romelic WerSi iyureba, iataks
misCerebia, an mxolod erT adamians uyurebs, Zalian gauWirdeba
msmenelis yuradRebis miqceva da maTi daintereseba. TvaliT kontaqtiT
momxsenebels zustad SeuZlia ukukavSiris miReba.
TvalebiT kontaqtis Sesaxeb mravaltomeulis dawera SeiZleba.
mecxramete saukunis espaneli qali TvalebiT da maraos moZraobiT
axerxebda iseTi tipis informaciis gadacemas, romlis saxalxod
gamoTqma sxvagvarad ver moxerxdeboda. indieli qalebi TavianT cekvaSi
araverbaluri komunikaciis mTel arsenals iyeneben, dawyebuli
Jestebidan, damTavrebuli sxeulis moZraobiT.
TvalebiT SesaZlebelia sxva araverbaluri qcevis modificireba.
magaliTad, metros eskalatorze an sxva xalxmraval adgilas Tvalis

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aridebis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba pirovnuli sivrcis simciris
kompensireba.
Zalian xSirad gvesmis fraza: TvalebSi amovikiTxeo. Eempiriuli
masalis safuZvelze gamovavlineT, rom qarTul kulturaSi TvalebiT
kontaqts udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, gavixsenoT Tundac qarTuli
mxatvruli filmi “garigeba”, sadac mito Semdeg sadRegrZelos ambobs:
SemofeTebisa iyos, im Tvalebis SemofeTebisa, TqmiT rom arafers ambobs,
magram wamiT maradiulobas gagrZnobinebs. qarTvelisaTvis Tvalebi metad
sarwmuno iaraRia imis amosacnobad, simarTles ambobs Tu ara
Tanamosaubre.
maspinZlis yuradRebiT waqezebuli me ambavs isev gatacebiT
ganvagrZnobdi da Tan vxedavdi, Tvalyurs vadevnebdi, rogor ganicdida
sidu Cems faTerakebs da rogor sjeroda alali guliT yvelaferi
(Sengelaia 2010:103).
Ffsiqologi stepanovi miiCnevs, rom Tvalebis meSveobiT adamianTa
urTierTobis yvelaze ufro zusti da Ria signalebi gadmoicema, radgan
Tvalis guga absoluturad damoukideblad iqceva da misi kontrolireba
SeuZlebelia. rodesac adamiani araa gulwrfeli, an raRacas malavs, misi
Tvalebi Tqvensas urTierTobis mTliani drois mxolod 30%-is
ganmavlobaSi xvdeba (Степанов 1998: 67).
Tu adamiani TqvenTan urTierTobis dros TvalebiT kontaqts
xangrZlivad inarCunebs da misi gugebi gafarToebulia, es niSnavs, rom
Tqven mas moswonxarT. TvalebiT pirvel kontaqts gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba saqmian urTierTobebSic. pirveli Sexvedris da
misalmebis dros partniorebi, rogorc wesi, aucileblad uyureben
erTmaneTs TvalebSi, radgan adamianis mier meore adamianis cnobieri
aRqma mxolod uSualo mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis meSveobiT xdeba. Tu
gamoxedvis amgvari ritualuri gacvla ar gamovida, mosaubre Tavs
ignorirebulad da Seuracxyofilad CaTvlis („man saTanado yuradReba
ar momaqcia“). saqmiani urTierTobebis, magaliTad, molaparakebebis dros,
mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, Tu saiT aris mimarTuli Tqveni an Tqveni
partnioris mzera.

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 Mmimikis naTeli indikatoria warbebi, piri, cxviri gansakuTrebiT _
Tvalebi; Aamitomaa adamanis gamoxedva ase mravalferovani. Kk.
gamsaxurdias “didostatis marjvenaSi” aRwerili aqvs gamoxedvis tipebi,
romelic adamianis emociur mdgomareobas asaxavs, magaliTisTvis:
xmaliviT Seageba mzera; jiqur Sexeda; irmisferi Tvalebis yalbi
cimcimi. Tvali hkida SefarviT; esrola mzera; SefarviT mzera; qoruli
mzera; daZabuli mzeris simZafre; momnusxveli mzera; daJinebuli mzera;
Tvali TvalSi gauyara; gamomcdeli Semoxedva; idumal Wvreta;
gaocebuli Sescqeroda; Tvali ar gaumarTavs; zedac ar Seuxedavs;
boroti mzera; naRvlianad gahxeda..
Maraverbaluri komunikaciis, sxeulisa da Jestebis mkvlevari
a.piziGgTavazobT gamoxedvis (mzeris) Semdeg kategoriebs (Пиз 2006:181-182).
saqmiani mzera: saqmiani molaparakebebis warmoebisas warmoidgineT,
rom Tqveni mosaubris Sublze samkuTxedia gamosaxuli. am samkuTxedze
mzeris mimarTviT Tqven seriozul atmosferos SeqmniT da mosaubres
agrZnobinebT, rom saqmianad xarT ganwyobili;
socialuri mzera: rodesac Tqveni mzera mosaubris Tvalebis
donesTan SedarebiT ufro dabla eSveba, socialuri urTierTobis
atmosfero iqmneba. kvlevebma aCvena, rom socialuri urTierTobis dros
adamianebi isev da isev pirobiT samkuTxeds umzeren, oRond, am
SemTxvevaSi, es samkuTxedi Tvalebisa da piris arezea moTavsebuli;
intimuri mzera: mzera mimarTulia ara mosaubris Tvalebze an
saxeze, aramed, saxis qvemoT _ kisris an mkerdis areze. aseTi mzeriT
adamiani gamoxatavs am konkretuli urTierTobis mimarT ufro met
interess, vidre ubralod saqmians.
cerad gamoxedva: interesis an mtruli ganwyobis gamosaxatavad
gamoiyeneba. Tu mas Tan erTvis odnav aweuli warbebi an Rimili - es
dainteresebaa. Tu warbebi daSvebulia, xolo Subli moRuSuli _ es ukve
eWvian, mtrul an kritikul damokidebulebaze metyvelebs.
daSvebuli quTuToebi: es qvecnobieri signalia. adamiani, romelic
daSvebuli quTuToebidan giyurebT, cdilobs, TvalTaxedvis aridan
mogiSoroT. Mmizezi SesaZloa mravali iyos: Tqven mas an mobezrdiT, an
aRar ainteresebT, an cdilobs, sakuTari upiratesoba gagrZnobinoT.

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upiratesobis xazgasmis SemTxvevaSi, daSvebul quTuToebs Tan axlavs
ukan gadaweuli Tavi da xangrZlivi, e.w. “qedmaRluri” mzera. aseTi
mzeris SeniSvnisas gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tqveni qceva uaryofiT reaqcias
iwvevs da Tu molaparakebebis warmatebiT dasruleba gsurT, umjobesia,
raRac SecvaloT. Tanamedrove dasavlur bizneskulturaSi fasobs
zomieri kontaqti TvalebiT, xolo Tvalis arideba urTierTobis
survilis uqonlobad ganixileba, Tumca is mosazrebac, TiTqos, saqmiani
Sexvedris dros rac metad daamyarebT TvalebiT kontaqts, miT ukeTesia
_ udavod gadametebuli da mcdaria. warmoidgineT, rom adamiani movida
TqvenTan gamocxadebul vakansiasTan dakavSirebiT, Tqven misgan intervius
iRebT, is ki mogCerebiaT da Tvals ar gaSorebT. umetesoba iolad itans
xanmokle, ramdenime wamian kontaqts TvalebiT, magram misi gagrZelebis
SemTxvevaSi adamianebi iZabebian, radgan varaudoben, rom aseTi
daJinebuli mzeris miRma kidev raRac (magaliTad, arSiyobis mcdeloba)
imaleba.
amrigad, mxedvelobiTi kontaqti SeiZleba iyos xangrZlivi
(magaliTad, ori Seyvarebulis erTmaneTisken mimarTuli mzera) an
elviseburi (rodesac mzeras wamierad vesvriT adamians, romelsac
aSkarad ar surs Cveni yuradReba) is SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri (aSkara,
uceremonio, mouridebeli SeTvaliereba). ganvixiloT nawyveti
,,didostatis marjvenidan”:
Sorena awi veRar gaxdeba sxvisi, radgan Wiaberi aRaraa amqveynad,
xolo irmis jogi? irmis jogi... vnaxoT, ra moxdeba amaRam,- es gaifiqra
mefe giorgim da jiqur Sexeda kolonkeliZis Taflisfer Tvalebs. Aam
wuTSi veraviTari mzakvroba ver daiWira am TvalebSi.
Mmefe SefarviT umzerda mis gverdiT mjdar Sorenas da mamakacis
qorulma mzeram es SeniSna: iseT mijnamdis miweuliyo mgloviare sasZlo,
rocaa qaloba sZlevs xolme glovas da diacuri sikekluce Tavis
mSvenebis gamosaCenad moirgebs simZimilis niSnad satareb samossac.
(gamsaxurdia 1979:69).
Azerele mxedvelobiTi kontaqti SeiZleba aseve SeiZleba iyos
perioduli (mzeris msgavsi, romelsac mivapyrobT Tanamosaubres, raTa
davrwmundeT, rom is yurs gvigdebs) an daJinebuli (mouwyveteli).

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 Uumetes SemTxvevaSi xSiri an xangrZlivi mzera iwvevs usiamovno
SegrZnebebs. daJinebuli daTvaliereba, Cveulebriv, aRiqmeba, rogorc
ukulturobis gamovlineba. uwyveti mzera utyuari xerxia adamianis
provocirebisa da misi sulieri wonasworobidan gamoyvanisa.
Ggamomxatvel mzeraTa Soris aris universalurebic, romlebic
mTels msoflioSi (an TiTqmis yvelgan) erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmeba:
 Zalze farTod gaxelili, “daWyetili” Tvalebi, Cveulebriv,
aRiqmeba rogorc maqsimaluri informaciis miRebisaken aracnobieri
swrafva, raTa ar gamoeparos wvrilmanebic ki;
 TvalebmoWutuli mzera _ aRniSnavs daJinebul yuradRebas,
dakvirvebas, raime qcevis ganxorcielebis mzaobas. Ggarda amisa,
Tanamosaubris TvalebmoWutul mzeras, Cveulebriv, afaseben,
rogorc arakeTilmosurnes;
 daxuWuli Tvalebi _ es aris Tavis Tavisken yuradRebis mipyroba,
gulmodgine fiqri, tkboba, Tvalebis xanmokle droiT daxuWva
SeiZleba aRniSnavdes Tanxmobis, gagebis gaucnobierebel
gamoxatvas;
 mxolod erTi Tvalis moxuWva, Tvalis Cakvra _ aris sxvasTan
saidumlo Tanxmobis niSani, koketuroba;
 gaZlierebuli da araTanabari xamxami (Tvalis kvra, paWuni)
gamoxatavs sirTules, nevrozulobas;
 gugebis Seviwroeba an gafarToeba mowmobs interesis gaZlierebas
an Sesustebas. AaRgznebis, SiSis, dros guga farTovdeba,
modunebisas _ viwrovdeba;
 pirdapiri mzera da partniorisadmi mTlianad mobrunebuli saxe
gamoxatavs Tanamosaubris aRiarebas, misdami interess;
 usasrulobisken, partnioris ‘miRma” mimarTuli mzera aRniSnavs
Tanamosaubrisadmi uinteresobas, xazs usvams upativcemulobas.
aseT mzeras ufro Zlierad gamohyavs adamiani wonasworobidan,
SeiZleba gamoiwvios sapasuxo agresiuli reaqcia.
 mxris zemoT iribad mzera _ esec aris upativcemuloba,
ugulebelyofa an sifrTxile, dakvirveba;

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  mzera zevidan qveviT – aRmatebuloba, siamaye, ugulebelyofa;
 Tvalebis saxasiaTo triali _ vinmesTvis farulad gadacemuli
Setyobineba, rom situacia gausaZlisad mosawyenia;
 fiqsirebuli, myari, pirdapiri gamoxedva moWutuli (gamWoli)
TvalebiT fasdeba, rogorc undoblobaze dafuZnebuli kritikuli
Semowmeba an rogorc mouridebloba da agresiuloba;
 arasakmarisi mxedvelobiTi kontaqti mowmobs uyuradRebobas,
pativiscemis gamoxatvis survilis uqonlobas. Ees aRiqmeba rogorc
misi upatiosno Canafiqris mowmoba an gaubedaobis gamovlineba;
 adamiani sxvisdami did mxedvelobiT yuradRebas gamoxatavs Semdeg
viTarebebSi: roca saubari atarebs TavSesaqcev xasiaTs da ar
moicavs problemur sakiTxebs; roca misTvis sainteresoa
Tanamosaubre, misi Sexeduleba da reaqciebi; roca
Tanamosaubrisadmi ganwyobilia simpatiiTa da ganicdis ufro Rrma
grZnobas; roca is cdilobs Tanamosaubreze dominirebas an
gavlenis moxdenas; da bolos, roca adamiani damokidebulia sxvaze,
mas ki aranairi gamovlineba ar surs.
unda gaviTvaliswinoT mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis eTnikuri
Taviseburebebi, rac did rols asrulebs urTierTobaSi. zog qveyanaSi
akrZalulia adamianis aSkaraYTvaliereba. keniaSi, magaliTad,
SemorCenilia Cveuleba, romlis Tanaxmad siZe da sidedri elaparakebian
erTmaneTs mxolod zurgSeqceviT. aRiniSneba gansxvaveba qalebsa da
mamakacebs Soris: TanamosaubrisaTvis TvalebSi cqeris unari
mamakacebTan naklebad aris ganviTarebuli, vidre qalebSi, romlebic
Tanabar pirobebSi ufro xangrZlivad ar acileben Tvals Tanamosaubres.
Jesti aris gansakuTrebuli sistema signalebisa, romlebic
gadaicema xelebis, fexebis, Tavis, sxeulis moZraobis saSualebiT.
metyvelebis Tanmxlebi Jesti xSirad aris mosaubris Tavisuflebis
maCvenebeli. igi xazs usvams saubris Zaldautaneblobas, aZlierebs
sityvebis damajereblobas da mWevrmetyvelebas, amoklebs verbalur
teqsts, Seaqvs ra dialogSi esa Tu is damatebiTi azrebi. Ddamokidebuli
replikis saxiT, an verbalur gamonaTqvamSi CarTviT, Jesti moipovebs
umdidres informaciul da eqspresiul resursebs. sruliad cxadia, rom

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sxeulebrivi enis sxva elementebis msgavsad, Jestebi ufro efeqturia
emociis gamoxatvisas. agreTve unda aRiniSnos, rom Jestebi aris adamianis
TviTgamoxatvis naTeli saSualeba, misi imijis mniSvnelovani nawili.
CvenTvis, upirveles yovlisa, sainteresoa is Jestebi, romlebic
yvelaze metad gavrcelebuli, sazogadod gasagebi da tipobrivia.
mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT, rom Jestebisa da mimikuri moZraobebis
sistemiT agebulia Taviseburi frazeologia, romelsac uwodeben
“somatur gamoTqmebs” (soma – berZnulad “sxeuli) (aminovi, eriaSvili
2009: 141).
Mmxatvruli nawarmoebis kiTxvisas mudmivad vxvdebiT personaJTa
araverbaluri komunikaciebis avtoriseul aRweras. magaliTad: ,mefem
selze dajdoma aniSna TvaliT; Tavi aiRo giorgim, jiqurad Sexeda
spasalaris Savad Seyril warbebs da ugunebobis mizezi hkiTxa; bolos
amisa, saxis gamometyvelebiT, an xmis niriT gamoarkvevda mefe, Tu ra
wili edo Tavad mamamzes am saqmeSi; mamamzes miwisferma gadakra
(igulisxmeba SekrTa, ar moeloda); Wiaberma ar gabedos kolonkeliZis
qalis, Sorenas SerTva (esa Tqva da muSti daarakuna tablaze mefem), (anu
daemuqra); vai Cems Tavs! _ sTqva mamamzem, Sublze Semoikra xeli, _ (Cven
vxvdebiT, rom gaigo, ipova, gaixsena) (,,didostatis konstantines
marjvena”)
saanalizod aviRoT nawyvetebi cnobili amerikeli mwerlis stiven
kingis moTxrobidan “da bua movida...… mis danaxvaze fexebi mikankalebs
(igulisxmeba – SiSi); bilingsma mxrebi aiCeCa (gaikvirva, pasuxi ar
qonda); Serlic buam imsxverpla. – bilingsma mkerdze TiTebi aaTamaSa
(nerviulobis maCvenebelia); bilingsma daiflukuna (igulisxmeba atirda).
iaponeli mwerlis edogava rampos moTxrobebidan fukias tanSi
gacra – igulisxmeba anerviulda; aketimac gulmxuraled upasuxa da
xelisguli gadaisva Tmaze _ Sekavebuli mRelvarebis niSania; saxes
oflis msxvili wveTebi ufaravda _ (mRelvarebis, nerviulobisas). aketi
mZafri cnobismoyvareobiT akvirdeboda fukias saxes, is axamxamebda
Tvalebs (igulisxmeba dabneuloba).
Jestebsa da mis funqciebze saubrisas, g. kreidlini wers, rom
”sakomunikacio aqtis dros Jestebis roli mravalferovania: maT

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SeuZliaT gaimeoron an dublireba gaukeTon sametyvelo informaciis
aqtualur nawils. magaliTad, TiTiT, TvalebiTa da TaviT miniSneba – is
Jestebia, romlebic Tan axlavs deiqsikur nacvalsaxelebs komunikaciis
procesSi (Крейдлин 2002:183).
JestebiT adamiani axdens sxva danarCenTan erTad, Tavisi
gulwrfelobis, Tavdacvis ganzraxvis, moqmedebisadmi mzadyofnis,
agreTve darwmunebis, Tu gulgatexilobis, ndobis, nevrozulobis,
mimReblobis, molodinis, urTierTobis xasiaTis da urwmunobis
demonstrirebas. adamiani mimarTavs Jestikulacias maSinac ki, rodesac
mas veravis xedavs, magaliTad, telefonze laparakisas, an magnitofonTan
muSaobisas.
 Jestebsa da kinesikur qcevebs SeuZliaT gamonaTqvamis sapirispiro
azri ganaviTaros. magaliTad, subieqti, romelic irwmuneba, rom ar
Relavs, Tumca amavdroulad TiTebs imtvrevs da oTaxSi
mousvenrad dadis;
 Jestebs SeuZliaT Caanacvlon gamonaTqvami. magaliTad, Tavis
daqneva Tanxmobis niSnad da a.S.
 Jests SeuZlia xazi gausvas an gaaZlieros metyvelebis
komponentebi. magaliTad, roca gamonaTqvams- ,, ai aseTi didi” Tan
axlavs xelebis farTod gaSla.
 Jestebs SeuZliaT Seavson da daazuston informacia;
 Jestebs SeuZliaT regulatoris rolis Sesruleba komunikaciis
 dros...” (Крейдлин 2002:173-174).
araverbalur semiotikaSi Jestebis semiotikuri klasebis
gamoyofisas kreidlini aRniSnavs, rom ,,JestebSi sami semiotikuri klasis
gamoyofa aris SesaZlebeli:
 damoukidebeli leqsikuri mniSvnelobis mqone Jestebi, romlebic
verbalur konteqstze dauqvemdebareblad gadmogvcemen azrs;
 komunikaciis sametyvelo an sxva saxis fragmentebis gamomyofi
Jestebi;
 komunikaciuri procesis warmarTveli Jestebi”.

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 kreidlini iqve acxadebs, rom am Jestebs devid efronma Semdegi
saxelebi uwoda: pirveli saxis Jestebs emblemebi daarqva, meore saxis
Jestebs ilustratorebi da mesame saxisas – regulatorebi. rogorc
kreidlini wers, emblemebis umravlesoba avtonomiuri xasiaTisaa
da sakomunikacio aqtis dros izolirebulad funqcionireben. rac
Seexeba ilustratorebs, maT verbaluri konteqstisagan damoukideblad
azris gadmocema ar ZaluZT da Sesabamisad, konteqstisagan
izolirebulad ver moqmedeben. ilustratorebi es is Jestebia, romlebic
sakomunikacio aqtis dros metyvelebas uweven akompaniments.
regulatorebi ki dialogis process aregulireben, anu maT komunikaciis
procesis maregulirebeli funqcia akisria.
Jestebi SeiZleba iyos martivi (Sedgenili erTi moZraobisagan
magaliTad: auditoriaSi xelis aweva gamoxatavs sityvis warmoTqmis
survils), Sedgenili (ramdenime erTgvarovani moZraoba, magaliTad:
aplodismenti) da rTuli (ramdenime araerTgvarovani moZraoba – marcxena
mxares gadafurTxeba).
Jestebi SesaZloa iyos instinqturi mag: oficiantis daZaxebisas
Tavis daqneva. mibaZviTia Jestebi, roca erTi adamiani meores hbaZavs.
gamafrTxilebelia SuqniSani da Sablonebi; instruqciuli Jestebia
nimuSia policielis mier gzis mimarTulebis Cveneba, an kidev
esTetikurad daxvewili Jestebi _ moZraobebi cekvisas, an sufrasTan.
Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom sxvadasxva kulturis xalxi Jestebs
gansxvavebulad aRiqvams, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, arsebobs
yvelasaTvis msgavsi Jestebic, saxeldobr:
Kkomunikaciuri Jestebi _ misalmeba, damSvidobeba, yuradRebis
miqceva, akrZalva, darwmuneba, uari, Tanxmoba da sxva;
Sefasebisa da urTierTobis Jestebi -mowoneba, daukmayofilebloba,
ndoba, undobloba, dabneuloba, da sxva (jolia 2006: 100). arseboben
agreTve mikroJestebi: Tvalebis moZraoba, loyebis gawiTleba, wuTis
ganmavlobaSi wamwamebis xamxamis raodenobis gazrda, tuCebis pranWva da
sxv.
j. midma gamoyo qmedebis ori tipi: umniSvnelo Jestebi, romelic
warmoadgens avtomatur refleqss, rogoricaa Tvalis Cakvra, da

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mniSvnelobis Jesti, roca adamianebi avtomaturad ar reagireben gare
qmedebebze. isini amoicnoben qcevis mniSvnelobas sanam masze pasuxs
gascemen, es rTuli procesia, magram igi vlindeba sxva adamianebTan
TiTqmis yvela urTierTqmedebebSi. Cven aseT qcevebs amovicnobT, radgan
bavSvobidan gvaswavlian, rom mniSvneloba unda mivaniWoT sagnebs,
qmedebebs da movlenebs. roca Cven mniSvnelobas vaniWebT raimes, igi
xdeba simbolo an cneba. qmedeba an sagani aris simbolo sxva cnebisa,
qmedebisa da sagnisa.A gamowvdili xeli aris misalmebis, mudaris, an
Tavdasxmis simbolo. Mmas Semdeg rac Jestebs mivaniWebT mniSvnelobas,
Cven SegviZlia masze reagireba (Jesti imdenad mniSvnelovania verbalur
komunikaciaSi ramdenadac mas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da xSirad
iyeneben metyvelebisas) (gvencaZe 1986:29).
urTierTobis dros xSirad warmoiqmnebian Semdegi saxis Jestebi:
 Sefasebis Jestebi _ nikapis mofxana, saCvenebeli TiTis gaSvera
loyis gasvriv, fexze adgoma da bolTas cema da sxva (adamiani
avsebs informacias.
 darwmunebulobis Jestebi _ piramidis gumbaTismsgavsad TiTebis
SeerTeba, skamze qanaoba;
 TviTkontrolis jestebi _ xelebi zurgs ukan, am dros erTxels
uWiravsmeore; skamis sazurgeze xelebiT Cafrenili adamianis poza
da sxva;
 keTilganwyobis Jestebi _ mkerdze xelebis dadeba,
TanamosaubresTan impulsuri Sexeba da sxva;
 aragulwrfeli Jestebi _ “pirze xelis dafareba”, “cxvirTan
Sexeba”, Tanamosaubresagan korpusiT Semotrialeba, “Tvalebis
ceceba” da sxva.

 uaryofis Jestebi _ mkerdze dakrefili xelebi, ukan gadaweuli

korpusi, cxviris wverTan Sexeba, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi da
sxva;
 dominanturi Jestebi _ pirze xelis afareba,cxvirTan Sexeba,
Tanamosaubresagan korpusiT Semotrialeba, Tvalebis ceceba da
sxva;

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  nervozulobisa da daurwmuneblobis Jestebi _ gadafskvnili
TiTebi, xelisgulebis Cqmeta, magidaze TiTebis kakuni, skamis
sazurgesTan Sexeba, masze dajdomis win da sxva.
aseve arsebobs sicruis gamomxatveli Jestebi. sicruis
drosadamianebi xSirad xelebs jibeebSi iwyoben aracnobierad, ase
adamiani informaciis damalvas crdilobs. Ppirze xelis afarebac
aracnobieri moqmedebaa, aseve tyuils aRniSnavs yurze xelis mosma, am
dros, TiTqos sakuTar Tavs yurs uwevs, rom is ar Tqvas, ris Tqmasac
apirebs. Nnikapze xelis mokidebac tyuilis niSania, roca adamiani
cruobs pirdapir ver iyurebaa, cdilobs Tvalebi daxaros. Aadamians
tyuili da pozis xSiri cvla mRelvarebis niSania, am dros mas raRacis
damalva surs, erT adgilze ver isvenebs. matyuara yovelTvis daZabulia
da daxurul pozaSi dgeba, fexebi SeiZleba ramdenjerme hqondes
erTmaneTze Semotarebuli, xelebi _ gulze gadajvaredinebuli,
xelisgulebi ki _ Sig Camaluli. sicruis Tqmisas xel-fexi daWimulia.
roca pirdapir saubrisas vxedavT, rom Cveni Tanamosaubre
gulxeldakrefilia, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom raRacas Cvens
naTqvamSi igi ar eTanxmeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom sityvier Tanxmobas
gvicxadebs. sanam adamians gulze xelebi aqvs dakrefili, is inarCunebs
uaryofiT ganwyobas. saubris dros saxeze Sexeba, gansakuTrebiT cxvirze,
sicruis farTod aRiarebuli gamoxatulebaa. Aaseve, pirze xelis
afarebis dros, mosaubre yvelaze xSirad tyuis. Tuki adamians sagnebi
sxeulis pirdapir uWiravs, magaliTad, xelCanTa, yavis finjani, e.i.
morcxvi da TavSekavebulia, anu rCeba STabeWdileba, rom imaleba. Tu
mosaubrem saubrisas nikapi moisrisa, fiqrobs, ra gipasuxoT.
analogiuria saTvalis gasworeba: respodenti tyuilis Tqmas apirebs,
magram iwyebs fiqrs, rogor Tqvas is damajereblad. Rimili mxolod
tuCebis da piris areSi _ xelovnuri Rimili tyuilis niSania, fexis
fexze gadadeba informaciis damalvas niSnavs.
sakomunikacio aqti komunikaciis minimalur erTeuls warmoadgens,
romelic SeiZleba warimarTos rogorc lingvisturi saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT, ise JestikulaciiT, sxeulis moZraobiT, saxis
gamometyvelebiT da sxva (Горелов 1980:89-90).

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 es imas niSnavs, rom sakomunikacio procesSi Cven viyenebT aramarto
sityvebs anu verbalur niSnebs, aramed sxeulis pozas, Jestebs, saxis
gamometyvelebas, Tvalebis moZraobas da a.S. yvela es niSani, verbaluri
Tu araverbaluri, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan da isini
udides rols TamaSoben komunikaciuri procesis warmarTvaSi. maTi
saSualebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba informaciis Sevseba, dazusteba,
Canacvleba da gansazRvra komunikaciis procesSi. imisaTvis rom
subieqtma Tavisi komunikaciuri intencia gamoxatos, man jer unda
SearCios sasurveli verbaluri niSnebi, anu unda moaxdinos saWiro
sityvaTa seleqcia, Semdeg unda gadawyvitos rogori intonaciiT
warmoTqvas gamonaTqvami, saxis rogori gamometyveleba miiRos
sametyvelo qmedebis dros da a.S.
amdenad, komunikacia SeiZleba warimarTos rogorc verbalurad, ise
araverbaluradac. sakomunikacio procesis dros, informaciis umetesi
nawili gadaicema im SemTxvevaSi, Tu verbalur anu sityvier gamonaTqvams
Tan axlavs Sesabamisi araverbaluri maxasiaTeblebi. Mmetyvelebis
Tanmxleb araverbalur niSnebs SegviZlia ”paralingvizmebi” vuwodoT.
paralingvizmebze saubrisas T. gamyreliZe aRniSnavs: “sametyvelo
komunikaciis araverbaluri saSualebebi – e.w. paralingvizmebi – uSualo
an telekomunikaciis aucilebeli Tanmxlebi komponentebia; isini avseben
da azusteben verbaluri saSualebebiT gadacemul informacias da,
amdenad, xels uwyoben komunikaciis process” (gamyreliZe 2003:448).
paralingvisturi niSnebi udides rols asrulebs azrisa da
grZnobebis nairferovnebis gamosaxatavad. mivediT daskvnamde, rom
swored maTi saSualebiT xdeba SesaZlebeli davafiqsiroT gamonaTqvamis
aqtualuri mniSvneloba da swori interpretacia gavukeToT mas.
moviyvanoT magaliTi “mister faning, _ viRacam idayvze Seaxo xeli. jer
kidev maTi TavxedobiT brazmoreuli faningi Setrialda. saxeze iseTi
simkacre asaxvoda, rom axalgazrda qalma, romelic mieaxla, uneblieT
daixia. _ oh, bodiSs vixdi, Tqva enis borZikiT da saxe, romelic TiTqos
sagangebod ganaTeboda swored iseTi kadnierebiT, romelsac faningi es-
es iyos wyevlida, Seucbunda da TviTonac bavSviviT daibna, sisxli
mtivneulad auCqrolda loyebze. _ oh, ra sisulelea, _ fiqrobda is, _

85
ra sulelur mdgomareobaSi Caigdo Tavi! Ees idioturi gawiTleba!
magram is ise Semotrialda misken, TiTqos cemas upirebso... Tumca es ar
iyo gawiTlebisTvis gamarTleba, da bodiSsac ise ixdida, TiTqos jer
kidev skolis moswavle iyo, is ki _ mis haSi. idioti! Man gulSi Tavis
Tavs SeuZaxa da mSvenier Sedegsac miaRwia. jer kidev alisfer saxeze
uzrunveli Rimili aisaxa, suli moiTqva. _ bodiSs vixdi, _ iseTi xmiT
gaimeora, ubralo da ironiul bodiSs rom niSnavda, magram rasac Tan
axlda (oh, idioti, idioti!) nerviuli TrTola. _ vwuxvar, rom myudroeba
dagirRvieT, magram ise mindoda Tqveni gacnoba... Tqven rom CamiareT...
haqslii 2011:14). davakvirdeT im kinesikur paralingvizms, romelic Tan
axlavs adresatis gamonaTqvams. dialogis dasawyisSive kargad Cans, rom
personaJis verbalur Setobinebas ar emTxveva paralingisturi
maxasiaTeblebi, “enis borZikiT”, saxe Seucbunda”, “sisxli auCqrolda
loyebze”, “nerviuli TrTola”. yovelive es naTeli dadasturebaa
mRelvarebisa. zemoT moyvanili magaliTis safuZvelze SegviZlia
davaskvnaT, rom paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebis roli Zalze didia
verbaluri komunikaciis dros da maT gareSe warmoudgenelia kidec
sakomunikacio aqtis efeqturad warmarTva.

enaTmecnierebaSi Cveulebriv gamoyofen fonaciur (“sametyvelo”)

da kinesikur (“moZraobiT”) paralingvizmebs. fonaciur paralingvizmebad
miCneulia metyvelebis iseTi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoric aris, magaliTad,
xmis tembri, intensivoba, metyvelebis tempi da sxva. Aaqve unda aRvniSnoT,
rom fonaciuri paralingvisturi komponenetebi metyvelebis Tanmxlebi
elementebi ki ar aris, aramed misi Semadgeneli da ganuyofeli
maxasiaTeblebia. swored maTi saSualebiT xorcieldeba TiToeuli
sametyvelo aqti. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom fonaciuri paralingvizmebis
umravlesobas universaluri xasiaTi ar aqvs yvela enisaTvis.
araverbalur maxasiaTeblebSi vgulisxmobT prosodiul da
paralingvistur niSnebs. metyvelebis procesSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyos
romelime sityva ukeT warmosaCinad, rac am sityvis gaZlierebul an xma
maRal warmoTqmaSi gamoixateba. MmagaliTad, intonaciis meSveobiT
SesaZlebelia imis gansazRvra, ras gamoxatavs mTqmeli: Txrobas, kiTxvas,

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Zaxils, gakvirvebas, aRtacebas, sasowarkveTilebas, gajavrebas, alerss
da a.S. ufro metic, TiToeuli maTganis gamosaxatavad SesaZlebelia
mravalgvari saSualeba gamoiyenebodes. aviRoT nawyveti “didostatis
marjvenidan” swored amiT idrova spasalarma da xelisguli Camoisva
nikapze, mRelvareba Zlivs daioka. spasalari yovelgvar enamzeobas
moklebuli iyo, ubralo saubaric Zlier uWirda bunebiT mdumares.
laparakis dros saxe eRrijeboda, cxviris nestoebi ebereboda, muStebs
iSveliebda uneblieT, TiTqos eqadnebao vismes, waramara sityvas eZebda.
mRelvarebis dros winadadebas umatebda “ara”-s. “Tu basili keisari
marTlac uzenaesi mamaa sruliad saqristianosi, rogorc weRan brZane,
unetareso, rad awamebina man savsebiT ubralod beri zaqaria?... igi xom
Cvens mier wargzavnili mstovari ara yofila?! ara?Aarc Tu wiTeli
waRebi gaugzavnia misi meSveobiT komninisTvis mefe goirgis. ierusalims
midioda Turme beri zaqaria sulis sacxovneblad, ara?... (gamsaxurdia
1979:141). sityva “ara” gulisxmobs, rom spasalari xmis tonis gaZlierebiT
“gadadis ieriSze” da kaTalikosis pasuxs arc ki elodeba. xmis tonis
aweviT spasalari Tavis gamonaTqvams ufro metad damajerebels,
emociursa da efeqturs xdis. vagrZelebT nawyvets: kaTalikosi saxtad
darCa amis gamgone, melqisedeki aimRvra, RawvisTavebi SeuwiTlda,
mxolod es Seageba spasalars: zaqaria beri marTlmorwmune rodia,
somexia igi. somexio? _ iqednurad gaiRima zviadma (gamsaxurdia 1979:143).
sityva “somexiao”? spasalari gakvirvebas gamoxatavs, rasac Tan sdevs
ironiuli Rimili. rogorc fonaciuri, ise kinesikuri paralingvizmebis
gavlena gamonaTqvamze am konkretul magaliTSi Zalze didia. swored
maTi saSualebiT eZleva gamonaTqvams emociuri, efeqturi da
damajerebeli toni.

gamonaTqvami SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva intonaciiT warmoiTqvas imis

mixedviT, vis movuTxrobT (umcross Tu ufross, dids Tu pataras,
Sinaurs Tu oficialur pirovnebas), damarwmuneblobis ra Zala gvinda
mivceT Cvens Txrobas, zRapars movuTxrobT Tu namdvils, dadebiTia
msjeloba Tu kritikul-uaryofiTi da a.S.

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 cnobili enaTmecnieri devid kristali aRniSnavs, rom intonaciis
funqciebis mixedviT arsebobs eqvsi saxis intonacia: emociuri,
gramatikuli, sainformacio-struqturuli, teqstobrivi, fsiqologiuri
da indeqsikuri. is wers, rom: “gramatikuli intonacia mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobs gramatikuli kontrastebis markirebaSi. iseTi msxvili
erTeulebis identifikacia, rogoricaa winadadeba da rTuli winadadebis
nawili, xSirad aris damokidebuli intensivobis konturebis mier
gamonaTqvamis danawevrebaze. zogjer, zepir metyvelebaSi iseTi
specifikuri kontrastebis, rogoricaa TxrobiTi da kiTxviTi Tu
mtkicebiTi da uaryofiTi winadadebebis garCeva erTmaneTisagan swored
intonaciaze dayrdnobiT xdeba. magaliTad, winadadebaSi She’s here, isn’t she?
aRmavali toni kiTxviTi niSnis verbaluri ekvivalentia, maSin roca
winadadebaSi She’s here, isn’t she! damavali toni Zaxilis niSnis verbaluri
gamoxatulebaa (Crystal 1987:171).
d. kristali mokled axasiaTebs intonaciis TiToeul saxes da
midis daskvnamde, rom nebismieri funqciis mqone intonacia mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobs diskursSi. TiToeul gamonaTqvams Taviseburi maxvili da
modulacia axasiaTebs. azris nairferovnebis gamomxatvel maxvilTa
erTobliobas logikur maxvils vuwodebT, grZnobaTa nairferovnebis
gamomxatvel maxvilTa erTobliobas ki – emociurs, magram xSirad Znelia
imis gansazRvra, rodis aris maxvili logikuri, rodis ki emociuri. aseT
SemTxvevaSi maxvils zogadad logikur-emociurs vuwodebT. logikur-
emociuri maxvili, romelic metyvelebis elementTa gaZlierebaSi an
xmamaRla warmoTqmaSi gamoixateba, met-naklebad yvela enas aqvs.
inglisur enaSi TiToeuli gamonaTqvami warmoiTqmis garkveuli
intonaciiT, romelic ganpirobebulia nawilobriv misi gramatikuli
struqturiT da nawilobriv mosaubris damokidebulebiT gamonaTqvamis
mimarT. Aaqedan gamomdinare, TiToeuli sityva garkveuli maxviliTa Tu
emfaziT warmoiTqmis, imis mixedviT, ra gramatikuli funqcia akisria
sityvas da, ra faqtorebi ganapirobeben mas, kerZod, rogoria
gamonaTqvamis konteqsturi presupoziciebi, mosaubris damokidebuleba
gamonaTqvamis mimarT da a.S.

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 swored intonacia da maxvilia is mTavari prosodiuli
maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic inglisur enas mudam Tan sdevs,Mmagram
amasTanave, tradiciulad yovel enas aqvs masSi damkvidrebuli maxvilis
tipi, romelic konkretulad am enisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
iseTi prosodiuli maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa maxvili da
intonacia, gamonaTqvamis araverbaluri komponentis mniSvnelovan nawils
qmnis.
Kkomuniikaciis procesSi verbalur niSnebTan erTad
paralingvistur maxasiaTeblebsac aranakleb mniSvnelovani adgili
uWiravs. paralingvistika (berZn. para “Tan”, “axlo”) Seiswavlis
komunikaciis procesSi sametyvelo Setyobinebis swored im Tanmxleb
araenobriv saSualebebs, romlebic erTgvarad azusteben da avseben
metyvelebis gziT gadacemul informacias. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom
paralingvistika, rogorc enaTmecnierebis momijnave semiotikuri
disciplina, ar aris sabolood Camoyalibebuli da dResdReobiT kvlav
mimdinareobs am dargis Teoriul-meTodologiuri principebis damuSaveba
da formireba. Tuki paralingvistur maxasiaTeblebSi vokalur niSanTa
garkveul TvisebebTan erTad ‘sxeulis enas”, anu Jestebs, saxis
gamometyvelebas, Tvalebis moZraobas da a.S. vigulisxmebT, naTeli
gaxdeba, rom am elementebsac komunikaciuri procesis dros didi
mniSvneloba eniWebaT, rameTu swored maTi saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli
davafiqsiroT mosaubris Tu msmenelis damokidebuleba gamonaTqvamisadmi.
magaliTad, adamiani, romelic romelmac didi SiSi ganicada, Tavis
grZnobebsa da emociebs ufro efeqturad da damajereblad gadascems
msmenels, Tu mis mier gadacemul verbalur informacias Tan axlavs
iseTi paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa: kunTebis daWimuloba,
SeSlili saxe, farTod gaxelili Tvalebi, nerviuli, akankalebuli xma
da sxva.
komunikaciis dros, roca gamonaTqvams Tan ar axlavs saTanado
paralingvisturi elementebi, situaciis monawileebi SesaZloa
gaurkvevel an uxerxul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen, ris Sedegadac veRar
gaakontroleben sakuTar naTqvams.

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 xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac adresantis verbaluri gamonaTqvami da
misi Tanmxlebi paralingvisturi maxasiaTeblebi ewinaaRmdegeba
erTmaneTs. magaliTad, warmovidginoT, rom moswavle midis
maswavlebelTan da eubneba, rom mas Zalian moswons gakveTili da
moxiblulia misi profesionalizmiT. amavdroulad is mousvenrad
acecebs Tvalebs niSnad imisa, rom rac SeiZleba swrafad gaecalos
iqaurobas da gareT gavides. iqneba ki am SemTxvevaSi paralingvisturi
maxasiaTeblis adekvaturi adresantis gamonaTqvami? ra Tqma unda, ara.
araverbaluri niSnebis saSualebiT Cven vafiqsirebT Cvens
damokidebulebas Tanamosaubrisa da aseve gamonaTqvamis mimarT.Aaqve
aRvniSnavT im garemoebasac, rom sxvadasxva araverbalur niSans SeuZlia
Seavsos, daazustos an gansazRvros erTi da igive gamonaTqvami. amis
naTel ilustrirebas gvaZlevs bolinjeris mier moyvanili umartivesi
winadadebis I don’t know interpretaciebi:

“Lips pursed: “No comment.”

Eyebrows arched: “I’m wondering too.”
Shoulders raised: Same.
Head tilted sideways: “Evasion.”
Hands held slightly forward, palms up: “Empty, no information.” (Bolinge1989:211).
amdenad, warbis awevam da Tavis umniSvnelo moZraobamac ki
SesaZloa Seavsos an gansazRvros gamonaTqvami.
Progorc kodSanski aRniSnavs paralingvistika dafuZnebulia enis
tonalur da tembrul gansakuTrebulobasa da maT sargeblobaze
kulturaSi. amaze dafuZnebiT SeiZleba gamovyoT wynari da xmamaRali
kulturebi (Кодшанский 1974:75). evropaSi magaliTad amerikelebs
sayveduroben xmamaRali laparakis maneris gamo. es maTi xasiaTi
gamowveulia im garemoebiT, rom Zalian xSirad amerikelisaTvis ara aqvs
araviTari mniSvneloba imas, usmenen Tu ara maT. maTTvis mniSvnelovania
aCvenon sxvebs sakuTari kompetenturoba da gulRiaoba. maTgan
gansxvavebiT, ingliselebs miaCniaT, rom ar unda Caerio sxvis saqmeSi.
Pparalingvistikis (paraverbaluri komunikaciis) kulturul-
specifikuri gansakuTrebuloba gamoixateba sityvis siCqareSi. magaliTad,

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germanelebi saubroben SedarebiT wynarad da grZeli pauzebiT, es
enobrivi unari uqmnis xalxs imijs, romlebic didxans fiqroben da
auCqareblad moqmedeben. swrafad molaparake kulturebs ganekuTvnebian
romanuli enis warmomadgenlebi (frangebi, ruminelebi. am CvenebiT
germanelebs ukaviaT saSualo mdgomareoba, miuxedavad amisa, sityvis
siCqare berlinSi maRalia, vidre Crdilo germaniaSi)
paraverbaluri komunikaciis Semdeg saSualebad iTvleba manera
erTis mxriv, ilaparako mravalsityvierad, meores mxriv lakoniurad,
bevr kulturaSi xSirad naTqvamis Sinaarss gaaCnia meorexarisxovani
xasiTi. msgavsi manera fasdeba arabebTan, romelTa enasa da
literaturaSi naTqvamis mniSvneloba da Sinaari ar aris mTavari,
arabul kulturaSi mniSvneloba eniWeba sityvis TamaSs, sxvadasxva sityva
SeiZleba erTi da imave mniSvnelobiT gamoiyenebodes, arabebs Zalian
uyvarT gamoxaton erTi da igive azri sxvadasxva sityvebiT.
aqedan gamomdinare komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba ara
marto gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris
qcevis swori Sefasebis unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi
swored is elementebia, romelTa meSveobiTac grZnobebs, gancdebs da
emociebs ufro srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT Tu ra
damokidebuleba gvaqvs sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamisa da komunikantis
mimarT.
Cven mier ganxiluli magaliTebis safuZvelze SegviZlia vifiqroT,
rom qarTul enaSi TiTqmis yvela gamonaTqvams Tan sdevs esa Tu is
paralingvisturi maxasiaTebeli. marTalia, paralingvisturi
maxasiaTeblebi yvela kulturisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram maTi
gamoyenebis speqtri qarTul enaSi gacilebiT ufro farToa. radganac
isini verbaluri komunikaciis dros Zalian xSirad gamoiyeneba,
bunebrivi xdeba, rom qarTuli ena paralingvizmebis ufro farTo
arCevans unda gvTavazobdes, an mas paralingvizmebis gacilebiT ufro
didi nairferovneba axasiaTebs.Aam mravalferovnebis gamomwvevi mizezebi
ganpirobebulia qarTuli bunebis emociurobiT, erovnulobiT da
kulturiT.

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 Tavi III. socialuri ierarqia etiketur formulebSi kulturaTSorisi
komunikaciis procesSi
uZvelesi droidan adamianTa sazogadoebaSi warmoiqmneboda brZola
da SeuTanxmebloba adamianebs Soris sazogadoebrivi Sromis
gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi Sromis. Ees pirveli
gadanawileba iqca. aseve pirvel socialur diferenciaciad gvaris an
tomis SigniT, pirvelyofili wyobis CarCoebSi. Mmudmivma tendenciam
Sromis gadanawilebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic dafuZnebuli iyo gvaris
organizaciis elementebze da Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebebma da
valdebulebebma sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris barierebi warmoiqmna.
sazogadoebaSi Sromisunarianobis zrdasTan erTad Seicvala
xalxis socialuri organizacia. icvleboda ojaxisa da qorwinebis
formebi, moraluri normebi, yalibdeboda sazogadoebrivi ideebi, Caisaxa
qonebrivi da sazogadoebrivi araTanasworuflebianoba. warmoiqmna
sazogadoebrivi gansxvaveba.
kerZo sakuTreba, araTanasworuflebianoba, religiuri ideologiebi
mJRavndeboda enaSi, Sesabamisad, enaSi aisaxeba socialuri struqturebis
cvlilebebi. enaSi ganxorcielebul cvlilebebze dominirebul rols
asruleben socialuri faqtorebi, sazogadoebis zemoqmedeba enaze,
sazogadoebis ganviTareba, Zirfesviani socialur-ekonomikuri,
sazogadoebr - politikuri cvlilebebi. Eenis yvela erTeuli da misi
variantebi, yvela forma, funqcia da mniSvneloba enaSi warmoadgens
socialurad ganpirobebul socializebul urTierTobebs.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, icvleba socialuri urTierToba icvleba
ena. tomebis koleqtivizmis daSlasTan da saxelmifoebrivi struqturebis
warmoqmnasTan erTad, aseve Sromisunarianobis ganviTarebasTan erTad
xdeba kulturisa da enis diferenciacia, radgan “ena sazogadoebrivi
ganviTarebis Taviseburi barometria, masSi, rogorc sarkeSi, aisaxeba
enis matareblebis socialuri cxovreba” (Дешериев 1977:8).
sazogadoebriv faqtorebs, romlebmac ganapirobes cvlilebebi
enaSi, warmoadgenen sazogadoebrivi sfero, socialuri garemo,
sametyvelo situacia, xalxis socialuri jgufi, mosaxleobis socialuri
fenebi. sazogadoebis araTanabar klasebad dayofam gamoiwvia enis

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socialuri diferenciacia istoriuli ganviTarebis garkveul etapze.
Eenis socialur diferenciasTan erTad igulisxmeboda aseve ideologiis
asaxvac enaSi.
amgvarad, enis socialur diferenciacias safuZvlad udevs
sazogadoebrivi faqtorebi, romlebic ganpirobebulia sazogadoebis
istoriuli ganviTarebiT da mocemuli enis socialuri da ideologiuri
diferenciiT.
ideologiuri brZolis gamwvavebam gamoiwvia sazogadoebrivi azris
mizanmimarTuli formirebis saWiroeba.Ggaxda saWiro garkveuli
kriteriumebisa da meTodebis argumentireba (dasabuTeba).
Aadamianebi Seucnoblad iziareben Sexedulebebsa da poziciebs im
socialuri klasisas, romlis warmomadgenlebic TviTon arian “rTuli
Sinagani meqanizmebis moqmedebis safuZvelze adamiani uneblieT xdeba
Tavisi klasis warmomadgeneli da damcveli” (nadiraSvili 1979: 116).
mosaubre teqstis saSualebiT sagnebs, movlenebs ise warmoadgens,
rom garkveuli zemoqmedeba adresatze iyos miRweuli da amave dros
garkveuli komunikaciuri amocanebic Sesrulebuli. Eena da sazogadoeba
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli adamianis urTierTobis bunebasTan, mis
SesaZleblobasTan aramarto warmoqmnas teqsti, aramed daamyaros
kontaqti, urTierToba, da aseve airCios konkretuli miznis misaRwevad
sakuTari saSualeba. “sametyvelo kultura ganiszRvreba aramxolod
nornebis dacviT, aramed im saSualebebis moZiebiT, romlebic zustad
gamoxataven sakuTar azrs, sakmaod martivad (anu mxatvrulad), droulad
(anu yvelaze misaRebi mocemuli SemTxvevisaTvis) da, Sesabamisad, aris
gamarTlebuli” (Ширяев 1991: 54).
am problemebis aspeqtSi mniSvnelovani roli ukavia socialuri
qcevis problemebs, romlebic r. Bbelis azriT, warmoadgens “lingvistur
problemebs” (Белл 1980: 42).
am mxriv mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs erovnul-specifikuri qcevis
wesebi, romlebic warmoadgenen rogorc verbalur, ise araverbalur
komunikacias. socialuri qcevis aseTi gansakuTrebuli sistema da
urTierTobis mdgradi formula aRiniSneba terminiT “sametyvelo
etiketi”. is dakavSirebulia etiketis cnebasTan, romelic n.i.

93
formanovskaias azriT, aris ‘niSnebis rTuli sistema, romlebic
miuTiTeben urTierTobis procesSi (verbaluri da araverbaluri) meore
adamianis mimarT damokidebulebaze, mis Sefasebaze da amave dros
sakuTari Tavis Sefasebaze” (Формановская 1982: 4-5). araverbaluri
saSualebebi warmoadgenen kulturis statusis miniWebis aqtebs, rodesac
aseTi miniWeba ara mxolod akmayofilebs konkretul moTxovnilebebs,
aramed aris simboloc, warmoadgens komunikaciur saSualebas, romelsac
SeuZlia daareguliros adamianis qceva (Тарасов 1990:10).
mosaubris mimarT nebismieri urTierTobis gamoxatvis saSualeba, es
iqneba sityvebi Tu misalmeba-damSvidobebis Jestebi, arsebobs ara
damoukideblad, aramed sxva adamianebTan mimarTebaSi, da maTi
yoveldRiuri Sesruleba urTierTobis aucilebeli pirobaa.
sametyvelo etiketi verbalurad emsaxureba qcevis etikets,
araverbalurTan erTad komunikaciis aqtSi is aRniSnavs uamrav
socialurad mniSvnelovan pozicias, maT Soris komunikantebis gacnobis-
argacnobis xarisxs, urTierTobis situaciaSi maT Tanasworuflebianoba-
araTanasworuflebianobas.
sametyvelo etiketi viwro gagebiT aris metyvelebis qcevis
erovnuli specifikuri wesi, romelic gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva socialur
situaciasa da konteqstSi, erovnul-specifikuri wesebis codna iseve
mniSvnelovania urTierTobis gansaxorcieleblad, ramdenadac
mniSvnelovania enis wesebis codna saubris sworad asagebad.
Kkontaqtur-vizualur dialogur metyvelebaSi gamomJavndeba
ormxrivi socialuroba: erTis mxriv, pirveli mosaubris sametyvelo
socialuroba, meores mxriv _ meore mosaubris sametyvelo socialuroba.
Tu orive mosaubre miekuTvneba erTsa da imave socialur jgufs, arian
erTi da igive Taobis warmomadgenlebi, arian erTi mentalobis an
Sexedulebebis, erTi da imave kulturuli an saganmanaTleblo donis,
maSin pirveli mosaubris dialogiur-vizualuri sametyvelo Sinaaris
socialuroba SeiZleba daemTxvas meore mosaubrisas. Oormxriv
kontaqtur vizualur socialurobas ESeiZleba vuwodoT ekvivalenturi.
Aaseve ormxrivi socialuroba SeiZleba iyos araeqvivalenturi, pirveli
mosaubris socialurobis parametrebi SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes meoris

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socialurobis parametrebisgan, anu SeiZleba ar daemTxves maTi
sazogadoebriv-socialuri statusi, zogadsaganmanaTleblo da
kulturuli done, isini SeiZleba ganekuTvnebodnen sxvadasxva socialur
jgufs da aseve gansxvavdebodnen asakiT an sqesiT.
Eeseni arian sxvadasxva socialurobis mosaubreebi, magram aris
SemTxvevebi, rodesac or mosaubres aqvs saerTo parametrebi, xolo
meores – gansxvavebuli. aseT mosaubreebs SeiZleba vuwodoT mosaubreebi
Sereuli parametrebiT an Sereuli socialuri niSnebiT. Ppraqtikuli da
Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT yvela
ganmasxvavebeli niSani, romelic SeiZleba gamovlindeskontaqtur
ormxriv vizualur, dialogur da monologur sametyvelo urTierTobaSi.
mosaubris socialuri statusi, upirveles yovlisa, urTierTobaSi
gamomJRavndeba. sanam adamiani mosaubresTan daamyarebs urTierTobas, man
rogorme unda SeZlos miipyros misi yuradReba. kontaqtSi CarTvis
diferenciuli meqanizmi warmoadgens mimarTvas, radgan is aRniSnavs
komunikaciis monawileebis socialur rols da statuss. garda amisa,
mimarTvas ESeuZlia xazi gausvas aseve mosaubris profesiul rols, mis
sazogadoebriv mdgomareobas, mis dakavebulobas mocemul droSi,
asakobriv da sqesobriv sxvaobas, konkretuli socialuri klasis
warmomadgenlobas.
urTierTobis procesSi sametyvelo etiketis gagebisaTvis
komunikanTa socialuri rolis gageba arsebiTia. mniSvnelovania
ganisazRvros mosaubreebis socialuri mdgomareoba, asaki da Tu
gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela zemoaRniSnuli parametrebi, maSin
situacia simetriulia, xolo urTierTobis procesSi aRniSnuli
parametrebis sxvaoba warmoqmnis asimetrias.
adamianebi bavSvobidan swavloben etiketuri niSnebis gamoyenebas
(misalmeba/damSvidobeba) da Zalian negatiurad reagireben, Tu mosaubre
uxeSad arRvevs aseT wesebs. Eenis matarebelni gaerTianebuli arian
sociumSi, romelSic gamoiyeneba sametyvelo etiketis sayovelTao an
stilistikurad SezRuduli gamonaTqvamebi, Aamitomaa, rom adamiani
maSinac ki rodesac xvdeba misTvis gansxvavvbuli urTierTobis
pirobebSi, magaliTad, SeuZlia iyos mosaubre an piri, romelic

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axorcielebs zegavlenas mosaubreze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
TviTon iyos msmeneli, Sesabamisad zemoqmedebis obieqtic. Aaqedan
gamomdinare mas SeuZlia gqondes sxvadasxva statusi. magaliTad, ufrosi
_umcrosi; maswavlebeli _ moswavle (ase sxva bevr situaciaSi)Dmosaubris
socialuri statusidan gamomdinare, da aseve statusis gaTvaliswinebiT,
mas SeuZlia SearCios sametyvelo etiketi, raTa ganaxorcielos
urTierToba. Mmosaubre mza teqstis reproducirebis drosac ki ar
moqmedebs meqanikurad, aramed axdens sametyvelo aqtis SerCevis rTul
operacias im gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT, romelic mocemuli urTierTobis
garemosaTvis Sesaferisi da misaRebia.
rogorc cnobilia, enis mTavari daniSnulebaa adamianebs Soris
komunikaciis damyareba. komunikacia metad rTuli procesia. igi
warmoadgens informaciis, ideebis, azrebis gacvlas or an met pirovnebas
Soris. komunikacia xorcieldeba informaciis gamgzavnis da informaciis
mimRebis anu mosaubris da msmenlis an mwerlis da mkiTxvelis
saSualebiT. komunikacia aramarto sxvadasxva saSualebiT, aramed
sxvadasxva formiTac myardeba. informaciis gagzavna da miReba SeiZleba
zepiri an weriTi formiT da Sesabamisad, gveqneba mimarTeba: mosaubre _
msmeneli, mwerali _ mkiTxveli. bunebrivia, komunikantTa raodenoba
gansxvavdeba situaciisa da komunikaciis tipis mixedviT. warmatebuli
komunikaciis dasamyareblad saWiroa mosaubrem saubrisas
gaiTvaliswinos ara mxolod sakuTari interesebi, aramed msmenlisac.
komunikaciisas aseve didi mniSvneloba aqvs sametyvelo etikets,
vinaidan is Tavazianobis ganuyofeli nawilia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom warmatebuli komunikaciis erT-erTi
ganmsazRvreli faqtori aris komunikantebis fonuri anu ziari codna.
komunikantTa Soris gaugebroba ufro metia gansxvavebuli kulturis
warmomadgenlebs Soris komunikaciisas, vidre maSin, rodesac mosaubreebi
erTsa da imave sametyvelo koleqtivs ganekuTvnebian. Tu sametyvelo
etiketis esa Tu is Fforma miuRebelia erT–erTi komunikantisaTvis, maSin
maT Soris arsebuli sakomunikacio procesi CaiSleba. dauSvebelia erTi
enobrivi koleqtivisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sametyvelo etiketis normebi
meore enobriv koleqtivSi gadavitanoT, vinaidan amgvari qmedeba

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usiamovno SegrZnebas, gakvirvebas an yofiT Soks gamoiwvevs komunikantebs
Soris. warmatebuli komunikaciisaTvis saWiroa sayovelTaod dadgenili
etiketis normebis codna da dacva.Aaqve unda iTqvas rom xSirad
warumatebeli komunikaciis an arasasiamovno urTierTobis mizezi swored
etiketis normebis ucodinroba an maTi arasworad gamoyenebaa.
sityva etiketi (Etiquette) franguli enis meSveobiT msoflios mraval
qveyanaSi gavrcelda da damkvidrda. am cnebas araerTi ganmarteba
moeZebneba:
a) qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonSi etiketi Semdegnairadaa
ganmartebuli: ,,Tavis daWerisa da Tavaziani mopyrobis wesebi mefis
karze, TavadaznaurTa Tu burJuaziis maRal wreebSi diplomatTa Soris,”
(qegl, 123).
b) ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs: ,,etiketi aris qmedeba an qmedebaTa
erToblioba, romelic adamianTa yofiT urTierTobaSi fiqsirdeba, aris
uaRresad detalizebuli, aqvs Sesrulebis savaldebulo xasiaTi da mis
Semadgenel elementebs axasiaTebs zusti Tanmimdevroba’’ (javaxiSvili
iv.,126).
g) rusuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni etikets Semdegnairad
ganmartavs:
1. “sakanonmdeblo termini, romelic sasamarTlo procesis Canawers
aRniSnavs, e.i. oqmi an oqmebis Casaweri davTari;
2. werilis an Txovnis daweris wesi;
3. samefo karis wes-Cveuleba, ceremonialuri mimarTvis dacva’’;
d) oqsfordis maRali safexuris SemswavlelTa leqsikonis
mixedviT etiketi aris: ,,wes-Cveuleba, romelic oficialurad gamyarebul
saurTierTo maneras warmoadgens’’
(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,30);
e) vebsteris leqsikonis mixedviT:
,,etiketi aris kargi sazogadoebrivi saurTierTo formebis erToblioba,
Sesabamisi tradiciuli wesebi, romlebic aseT saurTierTo formebs
aweseben’’ (Webster New World English Dictionary,73);
v) eTikis leqsikonis mixedviT etiketi aris:

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 ,,qcevis wesTa erToblioba, romelic awesrigebs adamianur
urTierTobebs (garSemomyofebze mopyroba, mimarTvisa da misalmebis
formebi, qceva sazogadoebriv adgilebSi, manerebi, samosi). etiketi aris
adamianisa da sazogadoebis Sinagani kulturis Semadgeneli nawili.
masSi Sedis is moTxovnebi, romlebic iZenen ceremonialis ase Tu ise
mkacrad reglamentirebul xasiaTs da romelTa dacvas aqvs
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba qcevis formis gansazRvrisaTvis. etiketi
gamoxatavs zneobriobis principebis ama Tu im Sinaarss, tradiciulad,
sazogadoebaSi igi, rogorc wesi, iqceva ritualad, aqvs Tavisi forma,
mkacrad Camoyalibebuli xasiaTi; gamoixateba detalurad damuSavebuli
Tavazianobis wesebis rTul sistemaSi, axdens sxvadasxva klasisa da
wodebis Tanamdebobis pirTa mopyrobis da sxva wreSi qcevis wesTa
klasifikacias”.
Eetiketi istoriuli kategoriaa, radgan adamianTa qcevis wesebi
Cveni cxovrebis pirobaTa kvalobaze, konkretuli socialuri garemos
Sesabamisad icvleba (jolia 1998: 56).
etiketis normebis dacvas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs adamianuri
urTierTobebis SesanarCuneblad.Arogorc ukve avRniSneT, adamianebs
komunikaciisas ziari codna unda hqondeT etiketis normebis Sesaxeb,
raTa maT warmatebiT SeZlon komunikaciis damyareba, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi warmatebuli komunikacia ar Sedgeba aramarto sxvadasxva
yofis warmomadgenelTa Soris, aramed erTsa da imave yofis
warmomadgenelTa Soris urTierTobisasac ki. etiketis dacva metad
mniSvnelovania zepiri Tu weriTi urTierTobisas, sxva sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, sazogadoebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs lingvisturi
etiketi. Llingvisturi etiketi Tavs iCens zepiri an weriTi
komunikaciisas Tavazianobis normebis saxiT da mdgomareobs mosaubris
mier oficialuri, neitraluri Tu Sinauruli stilisaTvis Sesaferisi
enobrivi Fformebis SerCevaSi.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, etiketi Tavaziani manerebis da
socialurad mowesrigebuli qcevis normebis erTobliobaa da moicavs
adamianTa qcevis normebs Sin, samsaxurSi, transportSi da saerTod
sazogadoebaSi. zogi fiqrobs, rom etiketis normebi da wesebi, ubralo

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formalobaa, magram es ase ar aris. Tavaziani adamianisaTvis romelic
etiketis normebs icavs, nebismier sazogadoebaSi arseboba, sazogadoebis
wevrebTan urTierToba iolia. etiketi adamianis Sinagan bunebas da mis
sulier silamazes warmoaCens.
Cveulebriv etiketi ganisazRvreba, rogorc adamianTa Tavaziani
manerebis da qcevis normebis erToblioba Sin, samsaxurSi, transportSi
da saerTod, sazogadoebaSi. enobrivi etiketi aris ama Tu im situaciaSi
swori frazebisa da enobrivi formebis xmarebis xelovneba. Tanamedrove
msoflioSi xSirad myardeba kontaqti sxvadasxva profesiis adamianebs
Soris. ama Tu im enaze saubrisas mniSvnelovania sametyvelo etiketis
normebis codna da dacva. n. i. fonmanovskaia aRniSnavs, rom urTierTobis
erovnuli specifika da socialurad ganpirobebuli stereotipebi,
romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs avirCioT da gamoviyenoT urTierTobis
esa Tu is forma, rogoricaa ama Tu im situaciisaTvis Sesaferisi
misalmeba, damSvidobeba, bodiSis moxda, madlobis gadaxda, milocva,
survilebis gamoTqma, sxvadasxva saxis Tavaziani gamoTqma, enobrivi
saSualebebis keTilganwyobili damokidebulebis gamovlena mosaubresTan
an msmenelTan aris enobrivi etiketi (Формановская 1988: 96).
Gganasxvaveben etiketis Semdeg saxeobebs: diplomatiuri, maRali
sazogadoebis (samefo karis), saqmiani urTierTobis, samsaxurebrivi,
samxedro, sportuli, sufris, samedicino, samecniero, samoqalaqo da
sxv (jolia 2006: 16-17).
Ddiplomatiuri anu saerTaSoriso etiketi diplomatTa etiketia.
misi moTxovnebi erTi romelime qveynis farglebs scildeba da mocemul
istoriul momentSi raime niSnis ganurCevlad (mag: erovneba, rasa,
religia) sazogado wesebis, Cvevebisa da tradiciebis erTobliobaa.
Tanamedrove diplomatTa da biznesmenTa yoveldRiur urTierTobaSi
diplomatiur etikets, anu ucxoelebTan qcevis miRebuli wesebis dacvas
ududesi mniSvneloba aqvs.
maRali sazogadoebis etiketi _ monarqTa sasaxleSi mtkiced
dadgenili qcevisa da urTierTobis wesebia.
saqmiani etiketi biznesmenTa etiketia. igi saqmiani urTierTobis
specifikuri kulturaaa da Tavis mxriv gulisxmobs ritualsa da

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subordinacias, samsaxurebriv etikets, qcevis maneras, werisa da
satelefono saubris stils, saqmiani dokumentaciis gaformebas,
molaparakebis warmarTvis xelovnebas, prezentaciiasa da reklamis
kulturas da sxv.
samsaxurebrivi etiketi – samuSaoze adamianTa qcevis wesia. vinaidan
yovel muSaks konkretuli Tanamdebobis Sesabamisi ufleba-movaleoba
gaaCnia, maTi qcevis specifikuri normebic amis mixedviT dgindeba.
samsaxurebrivi etiketi moicavs xelmZRvanelobasTan, xelqveiTebTan,
kolegebTan da partniorebTan urTierTobas.
samxedro etiketi _ samxedro mosamsaxureTa saqmianobisa da maTi
cxovrebis yvela sferoSi zogad miRebuli wesebis erTobliobaa.
sportuli etiketi spotul SejibrebebSi sportsmenTa
savaldebulo qcevis dadgenili wesebia.
sufris etiketi sufrasTan adamianTa qcevas gansazRvravs. masSi
igulisxmeba sakvebisa da sasmelis miwodeba, sufrasTan monawileTa
dasma, magidaze dana-Canglis, TefSebisa da sasmisebis dawyoba, moxmareba
da sxva wesebi.
Mmecnieruli moRvaweoba, rogorc wesi, samecniero naSromis
(aRmoCena, gamogoneba, monografia, disertacia, referati da sxv) saxiT
vlindeba. Mmisi dawera, gaformeba, aprobacia (mowoneba, dadastureba) da
dacva garkveul meTodikasa da etikets anu moTxovnaTa da akrZalvaTa
sistemas iTvaliswinebs, romelic mTlianobaSi samecniero etikets
gulisxmobs.
samedicino etiketi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli samedicino
moZRvrebasTan medicinis muSakTa saqcielis, movaleobis moralisa da
eTikis Sesaxeb.
samoqalaqo etiketi yoveli adamianisagan moiTxovs sazogadoebaSi
miRebuli qcevis im normebis dacvas, rac gaTvaliswinebulia quCaSi,
pransportSi, maRaziaSi, restoranSi, kinoTeatrSi, gamofenaze Tu a.S.
etiketi universaluri cnebaa, magram amave dros, mas yvela
erisaTvis gansakuTrebuli damaxasiaTebeli erovnul-kulturili
Taviseburebi aqvs da misi normebi sxvadasxva saxis kulturaSi
gansxvavebulad gamoixateba.

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 etikets, romelic vlindeba adamianis metyvelebaSi sametyvelo
urTierTobaSi, etiketi hqvia. Aadamiani yoveldRiurad mravaljer
mimarTavs sametyvelo etiketiT miRebul gamonaTqvamebs sxva adamianebTan
urTierTobisas, magaliTad: misalmebisas, damSvidobebisas, madlobis
gadaxdisas, mobodiSebis dros da sxv. rogorc vxedavT, sametyvelo
etiketi Tavazianobis verbaluri formebis gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs da
sazogadoebis mier SemuSavebul im sametyvelo qceviT normebs Seadgens,
romelic ama Tu im sazogadoebas axasiaTebs.
aSkaraa, rom saubrisas molaparake bevr sametyvelo formas (mag:
gamarjoba, rogor xar?) TiTqmis avtomaturad iyenebs, rac gulisxmobs
imas, rom aseTi saxis konstruqciebi mocemulia stereotipuli
gamoTqmebis saxiT, romlis gamoyeneba Sesaferi unda iyos gansazRvrul
momentsa da situaciaSi. Aamgvari didad mravalferovani stereotipuli
gamonaTqvamebi sametyvelo etiketis Semadgeneli nawilebia da maTi
gamoyeneba damokidebulia bevr sxvadasxva faqtorze, rogoricaa:
molaparakeTa asaki, sqesi, siaxlovis an Zalauflebis done da sxv.
sagulisxmoa, rom godardi da veJbicka stereotipul gamoTqmebs
“lingvistur rutinebs” uwodeben. maTi ganmartebiT, “lingvisturi
rutinebi” ucvleli gamonaTqvamebi an gamonaTqvamebis Tanmimdevrobaa,
romlebic standartizirebul komunikaciur situaciebSi gamoiyeneba (mag:
misalmeba, damSvidobeba, madlobis gadaxda) (Goddard, Wierzbichka 1997:249-
250). Llingvisturi rutinebi ganpirobebulia rogorc formiT, aseve
sociokulturuli konteqstiT.
sametyvelo etiketis swori gageba ara mxolod sityvebis codnas
gulisxmobs, aramed sociokulturuli Taviseburebebis codnas moiTxovs
(Ступин 1980:7). rogorc ukve aRiniSna, urTierTobisas adamianebis
erovnul-kulturuli normebi da maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebi
sametyvelo etiketiT vlindeba da maTi darRveva adamians metad
arasaxarbielo situaciaSi agdebs. molaparakeebma yovelTvis unda
scadon daicvan miRebuli qcevis normebi (maT Soris ueWvelad
verbaluric). rasakvirvelia, es advili ar aris da did codnasa da
Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, gansakuTrebiT imaTgan, visac ucxo kulturis
warmomadgenlebTan uxdeba urTierToba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi

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aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom is qceviTi normebi, romlebic
miRebulia erT kulturaSi da verbalur gamoxatulebas mis sametyvelo
etiketSi poulobs, SesaZlebelia sruliad miuRebeli da zogjer
Seuracmxyofelic ki iyos sxva kulturis warmomadgenlisaTvis.
Bbevr SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sityvasityviT iTargmnos erT enaSi
miRebuli sametyvelo etiketis gamonaTqvamebi, magaliTad, iseTi
sametvelo formulis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa “Help yourself” ingliselebSi
sametyvelo etiketis gavrcelebul gamonaTqvams warmoadgens, romelsac
maspinZeli warmoTqvams stumris mimarT, raTa man miirTvas kerZi, magram
misi pirdapiri Targmna qarTulad, rogorc “daexmareT Tqvens Tavs”
gaugebrobas gamoiwvevs. analogiurad qarTvel axlobel adamianebs
Soris gamomSvidobebisas warmoTqmuli sametyvelo etiketis
gamonaTqvamis “ar daikargo” pirdapiri Targmna inglisurad rogorc
“Don’t lost”! gaugebrobis sagani SeiZleba gaxdes ingliseli
msmenelisaTvis.
rogorc vxedavT, yvela eris sametyvelo etiketSi misTvis
damaxasiaTebeli erovnuli koloriti arsebobs, rac am sametyvelo
etiketis normebs gansakuTrebuls xdis.
cnobilia, rom sametyvelo etiketis codna didad exmareba adamians
bevri miznis miRwevasa da dadebiTi, mzrunveli adamianis imijis SeqmnaSi.
yuradRebis gamoxatvas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs adamianebs Soris
stabiluri urTierTobis Camoyalibebasa da SenarCunebaSi. Aesec rom ar
iyos, ratom aris, rom misalmebisa da damSvidobebis gacvla aseTi
mniSvnelovania? erTis mxriv, aseTi gamonaTqvamebi imdenad stereotipuli
gaxda, rom adamiani xSirad avtomaturad warmoTqvams maT, magram
sakmarisia adamians gamorCes an mizanmiumarTavad ar warmoTqvas isini,
rom uceb iqmneba arasasiamovno gancda meore adaminSi, romelic aseT
saqciels upativcemulobad aRiqvams. yuradRebis gamoxatvis iseT niSnebs,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, misalmeba, damSvidobebas “mofemebs” uwodeben.
(Формановская 1989:52), xolo malinovski aseTi saxis komunikaciebs
“fatikur komunikacias “Phatic Communion”) arqmevs (Malinovski 1923:44). A
aRsaniSnavia, rom verbaluri Tu araverbaluri etiketis wesebis
darRvevis SemTxvevebis ganxilvisas aucilebelia ganvasxvaoT

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warumatebeli saqcielis mizezebi, kerZod, saqme SeiZleba gvqondes
“unebur darRvevasTan,” rasac aseve “kazuss” uwodeben (Камычек1981:112).
aseTi darRvevebi gansakuTrebiT xSiria sxvadasxva kulturis
warmomadgenlebs Soris urTierTobisas, rac aixsneba maT Soris “ziari
codnis” ararsebobiT, rogorc foqsi acxadebs: “Tqveni inglisuri
SesaZlebelia umnikvlo iyos, magram Tqveni qceviTi “gramatika” aRsavse
iyos aSkara SecdomebiT” (Fox 2004:62). Mmeore saxis darRvevebs
“afrontebi” hqvia (Камычек 981:113). Daq saqme gvaqvs sametyvelo etiketis
rogorc verbaluri, iseve araverbaluri normebis mizanmimarTul
darRvevasTan, rac, bunebrivia, adamianebs Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebis
mizezi xdeba. sabednierod, aseTi saxis darRvevebi sakmaod iSviaTia da
zogadad, adamianebi kargi urTierTobis damyarebisaken miiswrafvian.
enobrivi etiketis dacva aucilebelia rogorc weriTi, ise zepiri
metyvelebisas. zepiri metyvelebisas ama Tu im stereotipisa Tu enobrivi
maxasiaTeblis arCevani, tradiciulad, ganpirobebulia mosaubrisa da
misi msmenlis socialuri statusiT, socialuri roliT da maTi
mimarTebiT sxva faqtorebTan (dro, garemo). enobrivi etiketi mJRavndeba
metyvelebisas, mosaubris mimarTvisas msmenlisadmi zepiri Tu
werilobiTi komunikaciis damyarebis dros. SevniSnavT, rom enobrivi
etiketi saubris dawyebisTanave iCens Tavs da gastans mTliani saubris
ganmavlobaSi. misalmeba, Sesaferisad bodiSis moxda, Txovna, madlobis
gadaxda, damSvidobeba da da a.S. aris enobrivi etiketis is elementebi,
romelTac pirvel rigSi euflebian enis Seswavlisas, vinaidan enobrivi
etiketi moiTxovs misi normebis zedmiwevniT zustad dacvas. Mmas, vinc
saqmiani urTierTobisas iyenebs qcevis karg, daxvewil manerebs, aris
Tavaziani, eZleva realuri SesaZlebloba, ganimtkicos pozicia da
Sedegad didi sargebeli miiRos.
saqmiani saubari warmatebiT warimarTeba, rodesac komunikantebi
iCenen kompetenturobas, keTilmosurneobas, taqts da cdiloben sakiTxis
orive mxarisaTvis misaRebad mogvarebas. vinaidan saqmiani saubris
monawileebi SeiZleba iyvnen sxvadasxva asakis, sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivi
mdgomareobisa da sxvadasxva kulturis (yofis) warmomadgenlebi, maTi
saubrisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva enobrivi etiketis dacvas.

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magaliTad, inglisur enaSi qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT ar aris
formaluri sxvaoba “Sen” / “Tqven” nacvalsaxelebs Soris, orive
nacvalsaxels inglisurSi erTi (you) Seesatyviseba, xolo gansxvavebas
Sinaurul da oficialur mimarTvebs Soris qmnis iseTi faqtorebi,
rogoricaa: intonacia, Sesaferisi sityvebisa da konstruqciebis
gamoyeneba. magaliTad:
1. Excuse me, could you tell me the time please?
2. Hay you! What’s the time?
pirvel magaliTSi, cxadia, mosaubre gulisxmobs Tavazianobis
gamomxatvel nacvalsaxels “Tqven” (you) rasac cxadyofs amave semantikis
gamomxatveli enobrivi elementebi: “ excuse me”, “could” da “please”, xolo
meore magaliTSi mimarTva Sinaurulia. es ori magaliTic cxadyofs, Tu
raoden mniSvnelovania Tavaziani formebis gamoyeneba da enobrivi
etiketis normebis dacva metyvelebisas, daZabuli situaciebis da
gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad.
saqmiani saubrisas Tavaziani unda iyos aramarto saubris toni da
enobrivi normebi, aramed Jest-mimikac Tavazianobas unda gamoxatavdes.
Tavazianoba Sexvedrisas, interesi mosmenisas, yuradReba azrTa
gacvlisas, TanagrZnoba da taqti kritikis da SeniSvnis micemisas – yvela
es faqtori umniSvnelovanesia saqmiani urTierTobisas.
kulturaTSorisi komunikacia did rols TamaSobs nebismieri
kulturis ganviTarebaSi. yvela kulturas gaaCnia enobrivi sistema,
romlis meSveobiTac eZlevaT kulturis matarebelT erTmaneTTan
urTierTobis SesaZlebloba. mecnierebma daadgines, rom enis meSveobiT
Cven gadavcemT mosaubres informaciis 35%-ze mets. enasTan erTad
arsebobs informaciis gadacem is umravi araverbaluri saSualeba,
urTierTobis aseTi xerxebi mecnierebma gaaerTianes araverbaluri
komunikaciis cnebaSi, esenia: Jestebi, mimika, poza, varcxniloba,
tansacmeli, adamianis garemomcveli sagnebi, yvela maTgani urTierTobis
gansazRvruli saxeobaa, romlebic usityvod xdeba, maTze informaciis
darCenili 65% modis, romelic komunikaciis procesSi xorcieldeba.

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verbaluri da araverbaluri urTierTobebis elementebis Serwyma
sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxvaa.
rac Seexeba verbaluri da araverbaluri urTierTobebis
elementebis Serwymas, igi sxvadasxva kulturaSi ganscxvavebulia. aris
kulturebi, sadac mcirea sityvieri gamoTqmebi, es rom gavigoT, saWiroa
kargad warmovidginoT, rogor situaciaSi warmoiTqva, vin Tqva, vis
uTxra da rogori formiT, magram aris kulturebic, sadac gasagebad
sakmarisia mxolod sityvieri gamonaTqvamebi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
arsebobs kulturebi, romlebSic konteqsti Zalian mniSvnelovania, da
kulturebi, sadac konteqstis mniSvneloba araa didi. komunikaciisa da
araverbaluri semiotikis urTierTmimarTebaze msjelobisas yuradsaRebia
stefanenkos Sexeduleba, romelic miiCnevs, rom arsebobs
maRalkonteqsturi da dabalkonteqsturi kulturebi (Степаненко 2000: 151-
161). krasnixi ase xsnis am movlenas: am dros moiazreba Semdegi; ras
eqceva ufro meti yuradReba_informaciis Sinaarss anu ra iTqva, Tu
Setyobinebis konteqsts, anu rogor iTqva, visTvis iTqva da ra
situaciaSi (Красных, 2002:225). unda aRiniSnos, rom maRalkonteqsturi
kulturis warmomadgenlebi saubroben Semoklebul enaze, xolo dabal
konteqsturi kulturisa_ gafarToebulze. maRalkonteqsturi kulturis
magaliTad SeiZleba davasaxeloT Cinuri ena, aucilebelia vicodeT
qveteqsti, vicnobdeT cnobili pirovnebebisa da CineTis istorias.
agreTve unda vicodeT warmoTqmis sistema, romelSic 4 tonia. Tanac
tonis Secvla cvlis mniSvnelobas. gamonaTqvamis azris gageba
SeuZlebelia, Tu CvenTvis ucnobia adresatis socialuri statusi. saqme
isaa, rom Cinur enaSi (iseve rogorc bevr sxva aziur enaSi)
mosaubresTan damokidebuleba ganisazRvreba adamianis socialuri
mdgomareobiT. es xdeba e.w. sapatio da Seuracxmyofeli sityvebis
meSveobiT. ase magaliTad, amerikelebi gaurbian qcevis formalur kodebs,
titulebs, sxvebTan urTierTobisas Tayvaniscemasa da ritualebs. isini
upiratesobas aniWeben imas, rom mosaubres saxeliT mimarTon, ar
ganasxvaon sqesis gamo. iaponelebi ki formalobas did upiratesobas
aniWeben. maS, ase: kulturebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. dasavleTSi
metyveleba saubris konteqstisagan damoukideblad aRiqmeba, amitomac is

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SeiZleba ganvixiloT calke, socialuri konteqstis gareSe da piriqiT,
aziur da aRmosavlur kulturaSi, romelTaTvisac konteqsts didi
mniSvneloba aqvs, sityvebi iTvleba mTlianad komunikaciuri konteqstis
Semadgenel nawilad, romelSic CarTulia agreTve urTierTobis
monawileTa piradi xasiaTebi da maTi pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobani,
amrigad, aseT kulturaSi verbaluri gamonaTqvamebi mWidrod ukavSirdeba
eTikas, politikasa da socialur urTierTobebs.
aziaSi xazgasmulia emociebisa da sakuTari Tavis kontroli. Ees
gamoxatulia SemdegSi: mosaubrem maSin unda wamoiwyos saubari, Tuki
raime mniSvnelovani aqvs saTqmeli, aqvs kargi gadmocemis unari,
oratoris niWi da saubrisas ar gamoxatavs pirad emociebs, Aamitomac
ZiriTadi aqcenti aziur kulturaSi keTdeba zepirsityvierebis mowyobis
teqnikaze, maTi warmoqmnis maneraze dadgenili sazogadoebrivi
urTierTobis Sesabamisad, romlebSic pirovnebaTa mier sazogadoebaSi
gansakuTrebuli adgiliT ganisazRvreba. amasTanaa dakavSirebuli aziur
kulturaSi sityvisadmi tradiciuli undobloba, dasavleTisagan
gansxvavebiT, sadac yovelTvis swamdaT sityvis Zala.
Aaziuri da aRmosavluri kulturis xalxebi did yuradRebas
aqceven mkacr manerebsa da etikets. sityvisadmi frTxili damokidebuleba
aziur kulturaSi imaSi gamoixateba, rom azielebi nebismier situaciaSi
crdiloben iyvnen TavSekavebulni. windaxeduleba xSirad ufro
mniSvnelovania, vidre simarTle.
rogorc krasnixi wers, situaciurad ganpirobebuli da konteqstze
orientirebuli kulturebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia arakonkretuloba
komunikaciis procesSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom mosaubre Tavs aridebs
metyvelebis procesSi kategoriulobas. Mmas magaliTisaTvis mohyavs
iaponuri kultura, romlisTvisac miuRebelia pirdapiri SekiTxvebis da
pasuxebis gamoyeneba komunikaciis procesSi.
analogiuri situacia gvaqvs qarTul enaSic. qarTul kulturaSi
pirdapir gacemuli pasuxebi garkveul uxerxulobas qmnis. magaliTad,
komunikaciis procesSi mosaubre yovelTvis cdilobs Tavi aaridos uaris
gamomxatvel pirdapir formas ”ara”, am dros is eZebs gamosavals

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Secvalos “ara” sxva sityvebiT, anu iwyebs mobodiSebas, axsnas, uaris
Tqmis gamomwvevi mizezebis dakonkretebas, argumentebis moyvanas da a.S.
xuTi Tve gavida. zamTari iyo. Qqalaqidan brundeboda filipe.
arCilis WiSkarze unda Camoevlo. arCilma Tvali mohkra aivnidan mimaval
filipes da dauZaxa:
_ mobrZandi, xili ixile, Crdili iCrdile, buxarze gaTbi da mere
wabrZandio.
Ffilipebac cota gaipatiJa Tavi, magram uar-uarobiT Camovida
ezoSi, Camoxta, jori bias miaba da saxlSi Sevida... (lorTqifaniZe
2010:26).
maSin, roca aSS-s mcxovrebi TavianT azrs gamoxataven ufro
pirdapir, naTlad da zustad. Ppirovnuli urTierTobebisas cdiloben
gverdi auaron gaCumebas, amboben imas, rasac fiqroben. Eevropuli
kulturebis umravlesobas, romelTaTvis konteqsti arc ise mTavaria
(franguli, inglisuri, germanuli), Aaqvs msgavsi kulturuli tradiciebi.
es kulturebi uaRresad iwoneben maT, vinc azrsa da grZnobebs zustad,
naTlad da ubralod gadmoscemen.
ramdenadac araverbaluri niSnebi atarebs Zalian did emociur
datvirTvas, aRmosavleTSi maTi ena ufro normirebulia, rac saSualebas
iZleva, rom es kultura ganxilul iqnes, rogorc “arakontaqturi”.
arakontaqtur kulturas ASeiZleba miekuTvnon skandinavielebi da
CrdiloeT evropaSi mcxovrebi sxva xalxebi, agreTve indoeTis da
pakistanis mosaxleoba, sadac adamianis, gansakuTrebiT ucnobis, jiqur
daTvaliereba aseve miuReblad iTvleba.
dasavluri kultura, iseve rogorc qarTuli kultura piriqiT,
gulisxmobs gaxsnilobas, FfarTo Jestikulacias (samxruli forma ufro
metad, vidre Crdilouri) da miekuTvneba mxedvelobiTi kontaqtis
kulturebs. espanelebTan, portugalielebTan, italielebTan,
laTinoamerikelebTan urTierTobaSi mzeras gacilebiT didi mniSvneloba
aqvs. QqarTuli kulturisaTvisac mxedvelobiT kontaqts aseve aqvs
maRali komunikatoruli da eTikuri datvirTva, rac warmoadgens ndobis
maCvenebels (“TvalebSi simarTlis Zebna”).

107
 Ggarda amisa, kontaqtur kulturaTa warmomadgenlebis saubris
dros erTmaneTTan axlos dganan da xSirad exebian erTmaneTs.Aase
magaliTad, Sua da CrdiloeT evropis mcxovrebTaTvis saubris normalur
distancias Seadgens saSualod erTi metri, samxreTelebisaTvis ki
normad iTvleba naklebi manZili. restoranSi magidasTan mjdomi wyvili
parizSi erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi saSualod 110- mde exeba, londonSi
_arcerTjer, jeksonvilSi (aSS) _daaxloebiT 8-mde, romSi _ 130-mde.
gavixsenoT italiuri konofilmebi da darwmundebiT, rom maTi
temperamentiani personaJebi saubrisas TiTqmis mWidrod exebian
erTmaneTs da amasTan ar dauweven xmas.
saerTod, amerikuli kulturis didi kontaqturoba, Cveni azriT,
SeiZleba aixsnas azrovnebis pozitiurobiT, TavisTavSi
darwmunebulobiT, imis warmodgeniT, rom SeuZliaT moimoqmedon raime
socialurad mosawoni. piriqiT, qarTvel adamins xSirad aqvs raime cudis
molodini, winaswar gancda. ase, magaliTad, qarTvelebisaTvis
damaxasiTebel kiTxvaze rogoraa saqmeebi? Aamerikeli pasuxobs fine,
mSvenivrad, qarTveli _ normalurad, ara uSavs, arc ise cudad.
cxadia, rom im adamianebTan Cveni urTierToba, romlebic sxva enaze
laparakoben da verbaluri qcevebis gansxvavebul sistemebs iyeneben,
advilad SeiZleba migviyvanos gaugebrobasTan an mcdar SexedulebebTan,
Tu Cven vifiqrebT, rom maTi urTierTobis verbaluri sistema Cvensas
emTxveva.
araverbaluri komunikaciis zogierT norma saerToerovnuli an
eTnikuria. evropaSi misalmebisas xels arTmeven, indoeTSi ki orive xels
mkerdTan miitanen da odnav ixrebian, koreelebi misalmebisas orive xels
iqneven, qalebi ki msubuqad xrian Tavs. filipinelebi erTmaneTs Tvalis
xamxamiT esalmebian. amgvari misalmebis forma miuTebelia dasavluri
kulturisaTvis.
mraval situaciaSi sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenelTan
kontaqtisas yalibdeba warmodgena, TiTqos adamianebi arabunebrivad
iqcevian. YTu amerikeli sakuTar Tavze laparakobs saCvenebeli TiTiT
sakuTar mkerdze miiniSnebs, es ki iaponelebs ucnaur Jestad miaCniaT,
maSin roca, aseT SemTxvevaSi isini Tavis cxvirs exebian. Cinelebi dResac

108
gaurbian ucnobebTan kontaqts, maTTvis magrad xelis CamorTmeva iseve
miuRebelia, rogorc evropelisa da amerikelisaTvis mxarze xelis
dartyma, rac niSnavs - janmrTelad iyavi.
rodesac frangi, germaneli an italieli raime ideas sisuleded
Tvlis, is gamomsaxvelad ikakunebs Tavze, xolo Tu germaneli gaSlil
xelisguls miirtyvams Sublze, es Tavisi mniSvnelobiT tolia
wamoZaxilisa: Sen SeiSale! garda amisa, germanelebs, iseve rogorc
frangebsa da italielebs, axasiaTebT saCvenebeli TiTiT TavTan
spiralis moxazva, rac niSnavs uazro idea... piriqiT, roca ingliseli an
espaneli ikakunebs Sublze, yvelasTvis gasagebia, rom is kmayofilia, da
amasTan, ara vinmeTi, aramed sakuTari TaviT. rodesac holandeli
ikakunebs Sublze da am dros saCvenebel TiTs zeviT swevs, es niSnavs,
rom man Rirseulad ASeafasa Tanamosaubris goneba, roca frangs surs
raimes dazusteba, is aerTebs sami TiTis daboloebebs, miitans tuCebTan,
maRla aswevs nikaps, agzavnis haerovan kocnas. Aamgvari Jesti qarTul
kulturaSi niSnavs Sen genacvale, an raimes mowonebis SemTxvevaSi
vxmarobT. magram roca frangi saCvenebeli TiTiT iwmends cxviris Zirs,
is iZleva gafrTxilebas: aq mTlad wmindad ar aris saqme, frTxilad,
viRacis ndoba ar SeiZleba. Ees Jesti Zalian axlosaa italielebis
saCvenebeli TiTiT cxvirze dakakunebasTan da aRniSnavs win saSiSroebaa,
frTxilad. holandiaSi am Jests sxva mniSvneloba aqvs _ Sen mTvrali
xar, inglisSi niSnavs konfidencialobas, saidumlos. gadajvaredinebuli
TiTebi axali welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi pirvel qristianTa Soris
warmoiSva. igi farulad jvarsgamosaxav da morwmuneebisaTvis is
urTierTSecnobis saSualebas warmoadgenda. dRes am Jestma sxva
mniSvneloba SeiZina, kerZod, inglissa da aSS-Si igi aRniSnavs: misurve
warmateba, saberZneTSi _ me Seni megobari aRar var, TurqeTSi _
urTierTobis gawyvetis moaxloebas, xolo paragvaiSi _ Seuracxyofas.
Ees Jesti, odnav modificirebuli formiT, saxeldobr, saCvenebeli da
Sua TiTebis SeerTebiT, egvipteSi gulisxmobs aseT SekiTxvas: xom ar
gsurT CemTan dawola? TiTebis moZraobas aqeT-iqeT aqvs bevri
gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba, italiaSi, safrangeTsa da fineTSi is
SeiZleba niSnavdes msubuq gansjas, muqaras an mowodebas naTqvamis

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mosmenisaken. Hholandiasa da safrangeTSi aseTi Jesti ubralod uars
niSnavs. Tu Jests azris gamoTqmas axlavs, maSin saCvenebel TiTs iqneven
aqeT-iqiT TavTan axlos.
TiTebis moZraobas aqeT-iqiT aqvs bevri gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba.
italiaSi, safrangeTsa da fineTSi is SeiZleba niSnavdes msubuq gansjas,
muqaras, an mowonebas naTqvamis mosmenisaken.Hholandiasa da safrangeTSi
aseTi Jesti ubralod uars niSnavs. Tu Jests azris gamoTqmac axlavs,
maSin saCvenebel TiTs iqneven aqeT-iqiT TavTan axlos.
Aadamianur Tvisebebsa da cxovrebiseul movlenebze sxvadasxva
kulturis gansxvavebuli, zogjer radikaluri Sexedulebebi, maT
urTierTobaSi mniSvnelovan winaaRmdegobebs qmnis, rac individebis
qcevaze, da bunebrivia, etiketzec garkveul gavlenas axdens.
Eetiketis upirvelesi wesia misalmeba, Tumca sxvadasxva xalxi
gansxvavebulad esalmeba erTmaneTs. qarTvelebi Cveulebriv esalmebian
rogorc wesi, gamoTqmebiT: dila mSvidobisa, gamarjoba, saRamo
mSvidobisa da a.S. Zvel droSi Cinelebi, monRolebi da egviptelebi
Semxvedrs ase ekiTxebodnen: dRes WameT? Aan Tqveni saqoneli
janmrTelia?
Mmisalmebis dros moZraoba da Jestebi kidev ufro
mravalferovania.
magaliTad: qarTvelebi, amerikelebi, ingliselebi, zogadad
evropelebi, misalmebis Jestad xelis CamorTmevas iyeneben,
laTinoamerikelebi erTmaneTs exvevian, frangebi loyaze kocnian,
samoelebi ynosaven, pilipinelebi Tvalis xamxamiT esalmebian, iaponelebi
Tavs xrian. indoelTa mraval tomSi ucnobis xilvisas dRemde
SenarCunebulia Cacucquli jdoma, sanam is ar miuaxlovdeba da ar
SeamCnevs am “mSvidobismoyvare” pozas, am dros fexsacmelsac ixdian.
tibetelebi misalmebisas marjvena xeliT ixdian Tavsaburavs, marcxena
xeliT yurs ifaraven da kidev, enas gamoyofen.
Mmiuxedavad aseTi mravalferovnebisa, yoveli misalmeba, rogorc
wesi, Tavis msubuqi daxriT, moRimari saxiT, sasiamovno gamoxedviT,
xelis CamorTmeviTa da sxvaTa TanxlebiT sruldeba. Yyvelaferi
situaciasa da adamianTa Soris urTierTobis donezea damokidebuli.

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 saubris dawyebamde misalmebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa
xelis CamorTmeva. miRebulia, rom mamakacma xelis CamosarTmelad
aucileblad unda waiZros xelTaTmani Tu Sexvedra xdeba zamTarSi
quCaSi. Aam Jestis warmoqmna dakavSirebulia imis CvenebasTan, rom xeli
uiaraRoa. AmasTan xelis CamorTmevis dros jer kacs arTmeven xels
Semdeg ki - qals.
- gadmovida Ceqmebiani mZRoli, jer gias gauwoda xmeli, civi xeli,
mere Tinas (inaniSvili 2010:30).
Aamrigad, misalmebis sxvadasxva variantis fsiqologuri
mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba urTierTobis pirvelsave
wuTebSi ganvWritoT misi Semdgomi ganviTareba da, Sesabamisad, sapasuxo
moqmedebis im varianti SerCeva, romelic yvelaze metad Seesatyviseba
Tanamosaubris ganzraxvebs urTierTobis konkretul situaciaSi.
dasavlur civilizaciaTa UumetesobaSi, roca dgas marjvena da
marcxena xelis rolis sakiTxi, arcerT maTgans ar eZleva upiratesoba
(garda, ra Tqma unda, tradiciuli xelis CamorTmevisa marjvena xeliT).
mxolod axlo aRmosavleTSi, iseve rogorc sxva islamur
saxelmwifoebSi, rogoricaa quveiti, siria an malaizia, ar SeiZleba
vinmesTvis sakvebis, fulis an saCuqris miwodeba marcxena xeliT. iq mas
usufTao xelad miCneven.
Tuki magaliTad, qarTveli iseve rogorc amerikeli maRaziaSi
raimeze xeliT miuTiTebs, filipinebSi_xelis miTiTebis nacvlad TvaliT
uTiTeben, xolo taivansa da CineTSi misalmebisas gamoiyeneba gaSlili
xeli. taivanSi ar sweven zeviT saCvenebel TiTs_is mxolod cxovelebis
dasaxmobad (cxovelebTan) ixmareba.
aziur da aRmosavlur kulturaSi Cveulebrivi movlenaa, roca
quCaSi ori mamakaci xelixelCakidebuli daseirnobs, es ubralo
megobrobis gamoxatulebaa, rac miuRebelia amerikelebisTvis, amerikaSi
is negatiurad iTvleba: aseT adamianebs homoseqsualebad aRiqvamen.
amasTan erTad, yvela xalxisa da kulturebis warmomadgenlebSi
SeimCneva saerTo niSnebic. saerToa – mimikuri gamoxatuleba emociisa:
sixarulis da gaocebis, naRvelisa da risxvis, dainteresebulobisa da
SiSis. Amas yuradReba miaqcies mezRvaurebma, Soreuli miwebis

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aRmomCenebma. Yyvela mxareSi aborigenebi, romlebic ar icnobdnen
TeTrkanianTa mimikebs, momxvdurebs xvdebodnen RimiliT an agresiuli
grimasebiT _ TavianTi damokidebulebis Sesabamisad, da es
damokidebuleba pirveli SexedvisTanave, usityvod iyo gasagebi.
ra Tqma unda, mimikur gamoxatulebebSic arsebobs garkveuli
kulturuli gansxvavebebi. magaliTad, Cinelebs amerikel turistebTan
pirveli Sexvedrisas uCndebodaT gakvirvebis grZnoba, Tu ris gamo
brazobdnen ganuwyvetliv maTi stumrebi. saqme isaa, rom CineTSi aweuli
warbebi risxvis niSania, maSin, roca amerikelebi adgilobrivi
RirsSesaniSnaobebis naxvisas aRfrTovanebas gamoxataven maTTvis Cveuli
maneriT warbebis zeviT aweviT. Ggermanelebi zeviT sweven warbebs vinmes
ideiT gamowveuli aRrfTovanebis niSnad. qarTul kulturaSi warbebis
aweva gaocebis, gakvirvebis, xSirad gabrazebis gamomxatvelic ki aris.
moviyvanoT nawyveti qarTuli moTxrobidan “bukinistebis saZmo”:
vitrinaze viRac mikakunebs. maisaZea, aferisti, maniSnebs gareT
gamodio. cali warbi maRla auqaCavs, _ raRacaSia saqme! rogor gavide,
Tengo ar aris.
Sen Semodi-meTqi.
gamodi, gamodio! _ im warbs kidev ufro maRla qaCavs (SataiZe
2010:182). aseTnair qcevas inglisSi gaigeben skepticizmad. Tavis mxriv,
dasavleli vizitorebi aRmosavleTis xalxs orpirebad aRiqvamen,
ramdenadac maTi saxidan arasodes ar qreba Rimili maSinac ki, roca
urTierToba Aarafer sasiamovnos ar gulisxmobs.
amrigad, Jestebis gamoyenebisas didi sifrTxilea saWiro, rameTu
erTi da igive Jesti SesaZloa sxvadasxva intepretaciis mqone iyos
kulturaTa gamsxvavebul tipebSi. am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs
araverbalur semiotikaSi e.w. Jestebis universalizmis problemasTan.
bolo wlebSi didi yuradReba eqceva Jestebis mravalferovnebisa da maTi
daniSnulebis Seswavlas, rameTu Jestebis intepretacia cvalebadia
kulturidan kulturaSi. marTalia, arsebobs Jestebi, romlebic
universalur xasiaTs atareben yvela kulturaSi, magram arsebobs
iseTebic, romlebic unikaluria mxolod romelime konkretuli
enisaTvis.

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 kulturis gansxvavebul tipebSi Jestebis rolisa da gansazRvris
mizniT Cven gavecaniT sakmaod saintereso da mravalferovan
literaturas.
“O.K”-is mniSvneloba kargadaa cnobili yvela inglisurenovan
qveyanaSi. agreTve evropasa da aziaSi. zogierT qveyanaSi ki mas sruliad
gansxvavebuli warmoSoba da mniSvneloba aqvs. magaliTad, safrangeTSi
igi aRniSnavs “nuls”, “arafers”, iaponiaSi _ “fuls”, xolo xmelTaSua
zRvis auzis qveynebSi es Jesti gamoiyeneba mamakacTa homoseqsualobis
aRsaniSnavad, amitom sxvadasxva qveynebSi mogzauroba unda
daeqvamdebaros wess “sadac waxval, iqauri qudi daixure (“Когда вы в Риме,
делайте то же, что и все Римляне” _ sakuTari wesebiT sxvis monasterSi ar
dadian) raTa Tavidan aviciloT SesaZlo uxerxuli situaciebi.
magaliTad, amerikaSi, inglisSi, avstraliasa da axal zelandiaSi maRla
aweul did TiTs sami mniSvneloba aqvs: Cveulebriv igi gzaSi “manqanis
gasaCereblad” gamoiyeneba. meore mniSvneloba _ yvelaferi rigzea”, xolo
roca didi TiTi mkveTrad amovardeba zeviT, es ucenzuro, ginebis
aRmniSvneli, Seuracxyofis niSani xdeba. zogierT qveynebSi, magaliTad,
saberZneTSi es Jesti aRniSnavs “xma Caigde, Caikminde”. amitomac
warmovidginoT amerikelis mdgomareba, romelic am JestiT manqanis
gaCerebas cdilobs.
roca italielebi erTidan xuTamde iTvlian es Jesti cifr “1”-s
aRniSnavs, xolo saCvenebeli TiTi “2”. aseT SemTxvevaSi roca amerikelebi
da ingliselebi iTvlian saCvenebeli TiTi “1” aRniSnavs, SuaTiTi “2”,
xolo didi TiTi _ “5”-s.
es niSan-Tvisebebi migviTiTeben imaze, Tu ra gaugebrobamde
SeiZleba migviyvanos Jestebis arasworma ganmartebebma, mosaubreTa
erovnuli Taviseburebebis gauTvaliswineblobam, amitom sanam raime
daskvnebs gavakeTebdeT Jestebisa da sxeulis enis mniSvnelobaze,
aucilebelia adamianis erovnuli kuTvnileba gaviTvaliswinoT, an
Tundac “Tvalebis qceva” romelic sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxvaa,
romelTa ucodinrobam SeiZleba gaugebroba gamoiwvios. ase magaliTad,
Tu aSS-Si TeTrkaniani maswavlebeli SeniSvnas aZlevs Savkanian
students, romelic sapasuxod Tvalebs dabla xris, maswavlebeli

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 SeiZleba ganrisxdes. saqme isaa, rom Savkanianebi aseT JestiT
pativiscemas gamoxataven, xolo TeTrkanianebisaTvis pativiscemis
gamoxatuleba pirdapir gamoxedvaa.
Crdilo amerikelebisaTvis Tvalis Cakvra niSnavs flirts, msubuq
gaarSiyebas. Tu nigerieli Tvals Caukravs Tavis Svilebs, es imas niSnavs,
rom maT oTaxi unda datovon, xolo indoeTSi da tailandSi Tvalis
Cakvra Seuracxyofaa. aseve tailandSi miuRebelia fexis fexze gadadeba,
saqme isaa, rom tailandeli fexs sxeulis yvelaze arasasiamovno da
mdabal nawilad miiCnevs. Tu Crdiloamerikeli studenti ase dajdeba
profesoris win, imitom rom misTvis asea moxerxebuli, afrikul da
aziur kulturaSi Uuzrdelobad da upativcemulobad CaTvlida.
cnobilia aTasze meti sxvadasxva saxis gamometyveleba, romlis
miReba adamians SeuZlia. rogorc kinesikis sxva elementebi, pozac
gansxvavebulia, sxvadasxva kulturaSi, magaliTad: yvela dasavleli zis
skamze fexi fexze gadadebuli, magram Tu amerikeli tailandSia da ase
dajdeba da fexebs tailandelisaken miwevs, tailandeli Tavs
Seuracxyofilad da damcirebulad igrZnobs. saqme isaa, rom tailandeli,
iaponeli, Cineli fexs sxeulis yvelaze arasasiamovno da mdabal
nawilad miiCnevs. amerikelisaTvis es Cveulebrivi Jestia. Tuki,
magaliTad, amerikeli maRaziaSi raimeze xeliT miuTiTebs,
filipinebSi_xelis miTiTebis nacvlad TvaliT uTiTeben, xolo taivansa
da CineTSi misalmebisas gamoiyeneba gaSlili xeli. taivanSi ar sweven
zeviT saCvenebel TiTs, is mxolod cxovelebis dasaxmobad
(cxovelebTan) ixmareba.
yovelive zemoTqmuli Semdegi cxrilis saxiT SeiZleba
warmovadginoT:

araverbaluri dasavleTi aRmosavleTi qarTuli

komunikacia
misalmeba amerikaSi aziaSi misalmeba Tavis qarTul kulturaSi
misalmebisas xels dakvriT gamoixateba. xelis CamorTmeviT
arTmeven da Tavis dakvriT

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 erTimeores.

piradi sivrce/ Ddasavlelebi aRmosavleli xalxi qarTuli kulturac

Sexeba Cveulebriv Sexebazea SexebiT
saubrisas ar orientirebuli. CineTSi orientirebulia,
exebian erTimeores. saxalxo adgilebis saubris dros qar
dasavleTSi simciris gamo, Tvelebi exebian
saubrisas erTmaneTTan dganan erTimeores.
upiratesobas axlos, vidre
aniWeben dasavleTSi
distanciis dacvas.
TvalebiT Ddasavlur aRmosavlur kulturaSi iseve rogorc
kontaqti qveynebSi TvalebiT upativcemulobad dasavleTSi
kontaqts didi iTvleba adamianze TvalebiT kontaqts
mniSvneloba daJinebuli cqera, udidesi
eniWeba, indoeTsa da tailandSi mniSvneloba eniWeba
amerikelebi ar Tvalis Cakvra
endobian maT vinc Seuracxyofaa.
TvalebSi ar
ucqeris
zogadad dasavlelebi Jestikulacia msgavsad
Jestikulacia gamoirCevian aRmosavlur kulturaSi dasavlelebisa
JestikulaciiT, ar aris miRebuli, isini qarTuli kulturac
xSirad saubris cdiloben akontrolon gamoirCeva maRali
nacvlad mimarTaven Jestebi, Tavs arideben JestikulaciiT.
Jestikulacias. xelis moZraobebs.
gansakuTrebiT
xelis, Tavis
moZraobebs.
xelebis amerikaSi golis aRmosavleTSi, kerZod, qarTul
moZraoba gatanis dros, pakistanSi marcxena kulturaSi xelis

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 gamarjvebis, xelis Jestebis gamoyenebas
mogebisas xelebs demonstrirebisgan Tavs sakmaod farTo
zemoT sweven. ikaveben. speqtri aqvs.
saCvenebeli Tu or saCvenebl 1.igive Jesti iaponiaSi dasavlelebis
TiTi TiTs erTmaneTs niSnavs rom Tqven msgavsad qarTul
gavuxaxunebT, es gadauWrel problemas kulturaSi Jestebs
niSnavs, rom ori SeejaxeT da mis Sesaxeb aniWeben
adamiani Tanamosaubres uyvebiT. upiratesobas
erTmaneTTan 2 roca iaponeli
kargad Sewyobili sakuTar Tavze saubrobs
wyvilia. saCvenebeli TiTi
roca amerikeli cxvirTan miaqvs.
sakuTar Tavze 3.aRmosavleTSi
saubrobs, Seuracxmyofelia xeliT
saCvenebel TiTs adamianze miTiTeba.
mkerdTan miitans filipinelebi xelis
amerikaSi raimeze nacvlad raime saWiro
miTiTebis mizniT nivTze Tvalebis
iyeneben saCvenebel xamxamiT mianiSneben.
TiTs
ok Jesti niSnavs yvelaferi iaponiaSi - fuls. niSnavs yvelaferi
rigzea, rigzea

zeaweuli cera evropaSi Zlieri muslimanur qveynebSi ki mowonebas, kargad

TiTi mowonebis niSania. es Jesti uxamsobad yofnas gamoxatavs.
iTvleba. zeaweuli cera
TiTis brunviTi
moZraoba saudis
arabeTSi niSnavs aqedan
daikarge.

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fexis fexze amerikaSi tailandSi msgavsi qarTul kulturaSi
gadadeba Cveulebriv Jesti miuRebelia, saqme ki fexis fexze
miRebulia fexis imaSia, rom gadadeba
fexze gadadeba tailandelisaTvis, asocirdeba
iseve rogorc bevri upativcemulobasTan
sxva aRmosavluri da uzrdelobasTan
kulturis
warmomadgenlisaTvis
fexi, sxeulis yvelaze
mdabali nawilia
stvena amerikaSi lamazi msgavsi moqceva msgavsad dasavluri
qalis danaxvisas, aRmosavleTSi yovlad kulturisa F
matCis msvlelobis miuRebelia.
dros, da
warmodgenis
dawyebis win
stvenen. stvena
aseve yuradRebis
misaqcevadac
gamoiyeneba.
sicili yvela dasavlur iaponiaSi sicili iseve rogorc
qveyanaSi morcxvobisa da dasavlur
asocirdeba meryeobis maniSnebelia kulturaSi, sicili
sixarulTan da dadebiTi emociis
xumrobasTan matarebelia

e.m vereSaginisa da v.g.kostomarovis wignSi “ena da kultura” mTeli

Tavi eZRvneba “munj” enebs. masSi Jestur-mimikuri komunikaciuri niSnebi
aRwerilia ucxoelebisTvis rusuli enis swavlebis meTodikis
Tvalsazrisidan, romlebmac sityvier enasTan erTad unda Seiswavlon
Jestebis enac. Jestebis erovnuli Taviseburebebis ucodinrobis gamo
SeiZleba aRmovCndeT iseT mdgomareobaSi, rogoric aRwerilia avtorebis
mier:

117
 rusuli enis kursebis Sved staJiors surda manqaniT gamgzavreba
abramcevidan moskovSi da dadga gzadkecilze muStad Sekruli xelis
zemoT aweuli didi TiTiT. Tu dasavleT evropis qveynebSi am JestiT
iTxoven damgzavrebas, rusul kulturaSi igi aRniSnavs mowonebas, amitom
mZRolebi gakvirvebiT SeaTvalierebdnen “Serekils” da midiodnen.
imisTvis, raTa Tavidan aviciloT msvavsi kuriozebi, ama Tu im
ucxo enis Seswavlisas yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ara mxolod frazebis
swor gramatikul agebas da warmoTqmas, aramed qveynis araverbaluri
kulturisa da istoriis Seswavlas.
amrigad, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Cven TviT cxovrebis wesiT,
CveulebebiT, ritualebiT mudmivad “vesaubrebiT” erTmaneTs.
rogorc vxedavT, araverbaluri komunikaciis urTierTmimarTebis
sakiTxSi mTavari faqtori kulturologiuri fenomenia.
aqedan gamomdinare, kinesikuri elementebis struqturis, semantikisa
da pragmatikis TaviseburebaTa ganmapirobebel faqtorad upirveles
yovlisa, unda miviCnioT erovnuli xasiaTi, eris kulturis specifika,
istoriulad gamomuSavebuli sociokulturuli Rirebulebani, etiketis
normebi da sxva.
Aamitom, sanam raime daskvnebs gavakeTebdeT, Jestebisa da sxeulis
enis mniSvnelobaze, aucilebelia adamianis erovnuli kuTvnileba
gaviTvaliswinoT.
aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni SexedulebiT, marTebulia mocemul
kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis daniSnulebis winaswar Seswavla. Tu ara
varT darwmunebuli, Tu rogor aRiqmeba Cven mier gamoyenebuli Jesti
sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi avaridoT mis gamoyenebas.
enaTmecnierebaSi araverbalur komunikacias mniSvnelovani adgili
uWiravs. maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebeli xdeba enis leqsikuri fondis
gamdidreba. agreTve am enobriv erTeulebSi airekleba eris erovnuli da
socialuri Taviseburebani da vlindeba am eris kulturac, araverbaluri
niSnebiT gadmoicema adamianis realuri gancdebi.
araverbaluri komunikacia rTuli enobrivi erTeulebiT
gamoixateba. enis gamomxatvel saSualebaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli
adgili ukavia araverbalur erTeulebs, masSi SemWidroebuli saxiT

118
gadmoicema grZnobebis, emociebisa da azrebis rTuli kompleqsi, Aamitom
isini verbaluri komunikaciis ganuyofel da umTavres nawilad SeiZleba
miviCnioT.
araverbaluri niSnebi, romlebic adamianTa yoveldRiuri,
Cveulebrivi yofis pirobebSi iqmneba rogorc gare samyarosTan
damaxasiaTebel niSan-TvisebaTa, mimarTebaTa gadmocemis Sedegi, Zalze
saintereso da mravalferovania. Kkomunikaciur aqtSi maTi srulfasovani
monawileobisaTvs adresati da adresantic unda flobdes kulturul da
enobriv kods, rac iZleva araverbaluri niSnebis amocnobis, Semdeg ki
misi mniSvnelobis gagebis, sworad gaSifvris da interpretaciis
saSualebas.
ena ar SeiZleba warmovidginoT erTxel da samudamod gamzadebul
masalad, romelic ar SeiZleba Seicvalos Tavisi arsis mixedviT. Eena
aris raRac mudmivi, amasTan erTad yovel mocemul momentSi gardamavali.
ena aris moRvaweoba, moqmedeba, amitom misi gansazRvra SeiZleba iyos
mxolod genetikuri. „mSobliuri ena mWidrod da mravalmxriv aris
dakavSirebuli sazogadoebaSi adamianis cxovrebis mraval mxaresTan. es
debuleba samarTliania yvela xalxisa da yvela enis mimarT“ (gamyreliZe
2003:461).
rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mecnierebis mier dadgenilia, rom
komunikaciis procesSi informaciis mxolod 35% gadmoicema enis
meSveobiT. urTierTobis sxva araverbalur saSualebebs warmoadgens
egreTwodebuli somaturi ena (soma – berZnulad “sxeuli) (aminovi,
eriaSvili 2009: 141). Jestebis, pozebis mimikis, saxis gamomxatveli ena,
romelic aqtiurad erTveba informaciis gadmocemaSi.
Kkomunikaciis araverbalur saSualebebs, romlebic istoriulad
verbalurze adre gaCnda, gaaCniaT adresatze Zlieri zemoqmedebis unari
maTi meSveobiT SesaZlebelia zogjer iseTi informaciis gadmocema,
romelTa gamoxatvac Znelia an raime mizezTa gamo uxerxulia sityvebiT.
amitom araverbaluri qceva aranakleb mniSvnelovania, vidre
warmoTqmuli sityvebi. Jestebis ena calsaxad internacionaluria
mxolod aRweriTi Jestebis (asanTis anTeba, piris gaparsva da a.S.)
farglebSi, magram ZiriTadad „komunikacia Jestebis meSveobiT iseTive

119
nacionaluri fenomenia, rogorc verbaluri enebi“ (Верещагин, Костомаров
1983:196).
Aamas ganapirobebs somaturi enis ormagi buneba, erTi mxriv,
biologiuri Tandayolili (uneblie, gaucnobierebeli gamovlinebebi:
gafiTreba, Tvalis gugis gafarToeba, da a.S.). da meore mxriv,
socialuri, adamianis mier socializaciis procesSi SeZenili
(gacnobierebuli, gaazrebuli gamovlinebebi, Tavi (kefa) moifxana _
problemebze dafiqrebisas. xelebs isress _siamovnebis, kmayofilebis
gamoxatva).
araverbaluri komunikaciis aseTi ormagi buneba gansazRvravs
rogorc universalur, yvelasaTvis gasagebi niSnebis, ise specifikuri
signalebis arsebobas, romlebic mxolod erTi kulturis farglebSi
gamoiyeneba. informaciis gadmocemis kulturiT ganpirobebuli
araverbaluri saSualebebi, romlebic simboloebs warmoadgenen, CvenTvis
sainteresoa aramarto imitom, rom maTi codna aucilebelia
komunikaciaSi warmatebuli monawileobisaTvis, aramed pirvel rigSi
imitom, rom araverbalur enas gaaCnia myari verbaluri aRwera.
pragmatuli TvalsazrisiT somaturi erTeulebi aRweren,
magaliTad mimikas an sxeulis moZraobas, magram proeqciuli
TvalsazrisiT isini asaxaven emociebisa da fsiqikuri mdgomareobis
garegnul gamovlinebas, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, maT semantikaSi devs
adaminis sulier mdgomareobaze miniSnebis Cveuli normebi misi
grZnobebis, ganzraxvaTa, gancdebis provocirebis gziT maT garegnul
gamovlinebebze.
magaliTad: SavadSeyrili warbebi (gabrazeba);
Tvali hkida (Sexeda);
Wruta Tvalebi (cbieri mzera);
iqednuri Rimili (damcinavi, ironiuli).
Cven mier Seswavlili araverbaluri niSnebi aRweren adamianis
mravalferovan grZnobebs, fsiqikur mdgomareobebs, azrebs, qcevas, misi
garegnobisa da xasiaTis Taviseburebebs da a.S.
Cveni kvlevis Sedegad da empiriul masalaze dayrdnobiT
gamovlinda, rom araverbaluri niSnebi qarTul enaSi mravalricxovan

120
jgufs Seadgens. gansakuTrebuli sixSiriT xasiaTdeba TvalebiT
kontaqti, mas aqtiurobis mixedviT mosdevs xelis, Tavis Jestebi,
warbebis, tuCebis moZraoba, Rimili, mimika.
ganvixiloT araverbalur komunikaciaSi gansakuTrebuli sixSiris
mqone sxeulis aRmniSvneli zogierTi erTeulis konotaciebi.
Tvalebi simbolurad iZenen informaciis miRebis, maTi utyuarobis
mniSvnelobas, amitomacaa qarTul realobaSi Tvalebs udides
mniSvnelobas aniWeben, maTi meSveobiT Seicnoba simarTle, adamianis
zraxvebi da miswrafebebi, amitomac xSirad gvsmenia Semdegi fraza:
„TvalebSi amovikiTxeo“
maxvili Tvali _ Tvalebi auxila raRacaze.
Tvalebi agreTve emociisa da grZnobis gamomxatveli mniSvnelobis
organoa, amitom es komponenti gvxdeba sakmaod didi raodenobiT qarTul
literaturaSi, realobaSi, romlebic adamianis emociur mdgomareobas,
masSi momxdar cvlilebebs asaxaven.
magaliTad gakvirvebis gamomxatveli Jestebi Cans gamoTqmebSi:
Tvalebis gadmokarkvla; Tvalebs uprawavs; Tvalebi aenTo; Tvalebi
zed darCa; daWyetili Tvalebi.
Surisa da arakeTilmosurneobis: QWruta Tvalebi; boroti mzera;
Tvalebis yalbi cimcimi; mzakvroba ver daiWira im TvalebSi; daZabuli
mzeris simZafre; Tvali gveliviT civad gamoasriala.
simorcxvis: Tvali ar gaumarTavs; SefarviT mzera; Sercxva
garSemomyofebis da Tvalebze xeli aifara; idumali mzera; idumali
Wvreta, Tvalebi daxara.
muqaris: Tvalebs mikvesebs; jiqur Sexedva;
siamovnebis: Tvalebis moxuWva; madliT savse Tvalebi guls
xanCaliviT Semomayara.
xelis Jestebi
sinanulis gamomxatveli: xelis Caqneva; Sublze xelis Semortyma.
ugunebobis, mRelvarebis: xelisguli daisva wveriT gajagrul
nikapze; acaxcaxebuli xeli, xelis kankali; mRelvarebis dasafarad
saCixes margilebs mosWida xelebi.

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 gabrazebis: „maisaZes ro rame mouvides imis bavSvebs ra eSveleba?
Mmagidaze xelisguli daartya gogiam (SataiZe 2010:112).
gaocebis gamomxatveli: xelisglebis Setrialeba-Semotrialeba;
gaCumebis: tuCze xelis afareba;
dasturis niSani: xelis Cartyma;
simorcxvis, SiSis: Tvalebze xelis afareba;
kmayofilebis Jesti: kefaze xelis Semowyoba;
miniSnebis: TiTis gaSvera;
misalmebis: xelis aweva;
muqaris: muSti daarakuna tablaze;
siamovnebis: xelebis fSvneta.
saxis gamometyveleba
gamtknarebuli saxe; saxe aumetyvelda; mikitnuri gamometyveleba;
Cafiqrebuli saxe; moRuSuli, mdumare saxe; usiamod daejrija saxis
nakvTebi; saxeze mglisferi edo _ (gabrazda). kmayofili saxe; sastiki
gamometyveleba; sacodavi gamometyveleba; saxe aelewa.
Tanamedrove lingvistikis erT-erT wamyvan dargad enis meSveobiT
kulturis Seswavla iqca. l. elmslevi aRniSnavs: “ena, rogorc niSanTa
sistema da myari warmonaqmni, warmoadgens adamianis gonier da fsiqikur
bunebaSi Cawvdomis gasaRebs. ena, rogorc zeindividualuri socialuri
instituti, eris xasiaTs warmoaCens” (Ельмслев 1960:132), amitom
lingvokulturologiaSi ena ganxilulia kulturasTan, adamianis
azrovnebasTan, fsiqikasTan da sulierebasTan mWidro kavSirSi. Eenisa da
kulturis urTierTmimarTebas upirveles yovlisa gansazRvravs adamiani
Tavisi mentalobiT, emociebiT, romelic mudmivad aris fsiqologTa
Seswavlis sagani. adamiani, romelic ukve flobs ZiriTad saazrovno
procesebs, nebismieri axali enis Seswavlisas azris gamoTqmas mxolod
sxva saSualebebs, sityvebs, idiomatur gamoTqmebs eufleba. adamianis
konceptualuri mniSvneloba mravalmxrivia da bevr aspeqts moicavs:
emocias, motivacias, gancdebs.
aqedan gamomdinare, lingvokulturologiis fsiqologiur aspeqtSi
ganxilva metad mniSvnelovania. Aaraverbaluri niSnebis kvleva misi
fsiqologiuri aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT Zalzed sainteresoa.

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 amrigad, yoveli kulturis Aaraverbaluri niSnebis Seswavlisas
gasaTvaliswinebelia fsiqologiuri faqtori, vinaidan maT sworad
gagebasa da gaazrebisas udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba fsiqologiis
monacemTa gaTvaliswinebas, radganac am faqtorTa gauTvaliswineblobis
SemTxvevaSi Zalzed bundovani xdeba araverbaluri niSnebi da xSirad
gaugebaric ki. upirveles yovlisa, prioriteti eniWeba emocias, romelic
lingvisturi meTodebis saSualebiT SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes enis
leqsikur-frazeologiur doneze, romelSic wina planze wamoweulia
adamiani, misi sulieri samyaro, kultura.
emocia franguli sityvaa emotion– vaRelveb, romelic adamianis
fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, gare sinamdvilesa da Tavis Tavisadmi individis
damokidebulebis gancdaa.
emocia mWidrod ukavSirdeba gamomsaxvel moZraobebs. maT gareSe
ar arsebobs samyaro da TviT adamiani am samyaroSi. emociebia: SiSi,
risxva, sixaruli, siyvaruli, dardi, sevda, sibraze da sxv. TiToeuli
emocia adamianis Sinagan damokidebulebas gamoxatavs ama Tu im obieqtis
mimarT – anu rogor aRviqvamT da SevimecnebT. aq ukve Cven saqme gvaqvs
emociis kognitur midgomasTan, romelic pirvelad lakofisa da
jonsonis SromebSi gamoCnda (Lacoff, Johnson 1980:67) isini aRniSnaven, rom
adamianis es fsiqikuri movlenebi, TiToeuli eris kulturis
gaTvaliswinebiT, konceptur struqturaSi arian gaerTianebuli, sadac
TiToeuli emocia TiToeuli enis Sesabamisi idiomebiT gadmoicema.
dasavluri, aRmosavluri da qarTuli kulturebis araverbaluri
komunikaciis Seswavlsa gvaZlevs safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom erTi da
igive emocia umravles SemTxvevaSi erTi da imave araverbaluri
komponentiT aris gadmocemuli. ganvixiloT emociaTa ramodenime tipi
da maTi gamomxatveli araverbaluri niSnebi.

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emociebi dasavleTi aRmosavleTi qarTuli

brazi brazianad warbebis Subli kuStad

Tvalebis SeWmuxvna; saxe Seikra; Tvalebis
SenaTeba; gauxevda; kvesa; mglisferi
brazisgan kbilebi edo saxeze;
gacofeba; daaRWriala. xelisgulis
Tvalebis magidaze
dakveseba; dartyma;
Tvalebis mtruli mzera,
sisxliT avseba; qoruli mzera;
Sublis SeWmuxvna; warbSeyrili da
kbilebiT moRuSuli
gamoscra sibraze; jdoma;
saxis moRreca; Wruta,
daZarRvuli Tevziseburi
muStiT mogerieba; Tvalebi;
warbebis maRla
aweva;
nerviuloba tuCebis mokvneta; xelis kankali, qveda tuCis
mRelvareba SeSliliviT oflis mowmenda; dabrecva.
daZabuloba sicili; tuCebis caxcaxi; TiTebis wvaleba.
mousvenrad xelis kankali, xmis akankaleba.
bolTis cema; nervuli saxis alewva.
xmis acaxcaxeba; siaruli; civi Tavis dabla
JrJolam aitana; oflis davla; daxra. xelis
oflis mowmenda; metyvelebis kankali.
tuCebis TrTola; unaris dakargva; mokumuli
enis mokvneta; gaJrJoleba; tuCebi, qveda
saxe xelisgulis ybis kankali/
gadaufiTrda; Tmaze gadasoba. dabrecva;
tanSi gacra. usiamod

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 daRrejili
saxis nakvTebi.
xmis aTrToleba.

siamovneba/kmayofi RimiliT cqera; sixarulis Tvalebis

leba Tvalebi cremlebi, moxuWva, tuCebis
sixaruliT Tavazianad gaxsna, xelebis
aukiafda; TiTebis gaRimeba; fSvneta; wverze
mucelze moelvare xelis Camosma;
SemoWdoba; saxe Tvalebi; saxe xelebis kefaze
gaunaTda; saxe gaunaTda; Semowyoba.
aenTo; Tvalebi kmayofili saxe;
minaba;
Rawvebi loyebis yurebamde
sircxvili SeuwiTlda, saxe awiTleba; Tavis gawiTleba;
auwiTlda. daxra; morcxvad Tvalebze xelis
awiTlebuli; afareba;
saxe xelebSi TavCaRunuli
Cargo; siaruli; fexis
aslukunda; waborZikeba.
morcxvad
Caibutbuta.

amrigad, Cven mier ganxiluli magaliTebi naTeli dadasturebaa

imisa, rom dasavlur, aRmosavlur da qarTul kulturebSi emociebi
TiTqmis erTnairi universaliiT vlindeba anu iseT enobriv movlenaTa
arseboba, romlebic msoflios yvela an umetesi enisTvis aris
damaxasiaTebeli. enaSi, iseve rogorc zogadad bunebaSi, arsebobs
Sinagani wesrigi, mowyoba, romelic Semecnebadia, magram imisTvis, rom
moxdes raime sagnis, movlenis siRrmiseuli da gaazrebuli Semecneba,
saWiroa misi Sedareba sxva sagnebsa Tu movlenebTan.

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 daskvna

naSromis bolos, Cvens mier dasaxuli miznebidan da amocanebidan

gamomdinare, samecniero literaturaze dayrdnobiTa da empiriuli
masalis kvlevis safuZvelze miviReT Semdegi daskvnebi:
1. cnobilia, rom sakomunikacio procesis efeqturad warmarTvaSi did
rols TamaSobs rogorc verbaluri, ise araverbaluri niSnebi.
kvlevam cxadyo, rom swored gamonaTqvamis verbaluri nawiliT
gamoxatul informaciasa da paralingvisturi TvisebiT gamoxatul
informacias Soris arsebuli dapirispireba gvexmareba
gamonaTqvamisadmi mosaubre-msmenelis damokidebulebis
dafiqsirebaSi. araverbalur enas erTi unikaluri Tviseba aqvs: mas
SeuZlia “gasces” komunikanti imdenad, ramdenadac misi saSualebiT
vlindeba komunikantis WeSmariti, SeuniRbavi saxe. swored kinesika
gvexmareba imaSi, rom eWvis qveS davayenoT mosaubris gamonaTqvami
da davinaxoT misi realuri saxe.
2. komunikaciaSi araverbaluri saSualebebi spontanurad gamoiyeneba.
es gamowveulia centraluri nervuli sistemis rogorc dabali,
aseve umaRlesi maCveneblebiT, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian
komunikaciaze. ra Tqma unda, raRac xarisxSi araverbaluri
elementebi kontrols eqvemdebarebian, Tumca Zalian Zlieri
TviTkontrolis SemTxvevaSic ki SeiZleba moxdes informaciis
“gaJonva”.
3. komunikaciis efeqturoba ganisazRvreba ara marto gamonaTqvamis
mniSvnelobis gagebis xarisxiT, aramed mosaubris qcevis swori
Sefasebis unariT. kerZod, kinesikuri paralingvizmebi swored is
elementebia, romelTa meSveobiTac grZnobebs, gancdebs da emociebs
ufro srulyofilad gamovxatavT, vavlenT, Tu ra damokidebuleba
gvaqvs sinamdvileSi gamonaTqvamisa da komunikantis mimarT.

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4. araverbaluri komunikaciis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxSi mTavari
faqtori kulturologiuri fenomenia. erTi da imave Jestis aRqma
SesaZlebelia gansxvavebuli iyos kulturis sxvadasxva tipSi. Cveni
TvalsazrisiT, sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenlebTan
urTierTobis procesSi verbaluri Tu araverbaluri niSnebis
gamoyenebis dros sifrTxile da didi yuradReba gvmarTebs. amitom,
sanam raime daskvnebs gavakeTebdeT Jestebisa da sxeulis enis
mniSvnelobaze, aucilebelia adamianis erovnuli kuTvnileba
gaviTvaliswinoT. aqedan gamomdinare, Cveni SexedulebiT,
marTebulia mocemul kulturaSi miRebuli Jestebis daniSnulebis
winaswari Seswavla. Tu ara varT darwmunebuli, Tu rogor aRiqmeba
Cven mier gamoyenebuli Jesti sxva kulturaSi, maSin umjobesia Tavi
avaridoT mis gamoyenebas.
5. qarTul enaSi TiTqmis yvela gamonaTqvams Tan sdevs esa Tu is
paralingvisturi maxasiaTebeli. marTalia, paralingvisturi
maxasiaTeblebi yvela kulturas gaaCnia, magram maTi gamoyenebis
speqtri qarTul enaSi gacilebiT ufro farToa. radganac isini
verbaluri komunikaciis dros sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba,
bunebrivi xdeba, rom qarTuli ena paralingvizmebis ufro farTo
arCevans unda gvTavazobdes, an mas paralingvizmebis gacilebiT
ufro didi nairgvaroba, nairferovneba axasiaTebs.Aam
mravalferovnebis gamomwvevi mizezebi ganpirobebulia qarTuli
bunebis emociurobiT, erovnulobiTa da kulturiT. kvlevam
gviCvena, rom A
a) qarTuli kultura vizualur-kinesTetikuria;
b) araverbaluri niSnebis zogadi buneba erTnairia qarTul,
dasavlur da aRmosavlur kulturebSi, Tumca, am erebis
kulturebidan gamomdinare maT Soris aris msgavsi da
gansxvavebuli araverbaluri niSnebi.

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128
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26 SataiZe: 2010: SataiZe n. “molxino”, gamomcemloba

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