Kho Ý Tư NG Writing Task 2 For Students

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HƯỚNG DẪN SỬ DỤNG TÀI LIỆU .............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
I. ANIMAL SCIENCE .................................................................................................................................... 6
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ..............................................................................................................................................6
Main points ..........................................................................................................................................................7
1. Animal Extinction .......................................................................................................................................7
2. Domestication ..............................................................................................................................................7
3. Experiments on Animals .............................................................................................................................8
4. The Importance of Zoos ..............................................................................................................................8
5. Declining Animals .......................................................................................................................................9
II. ART ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
PRACTICE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................................11
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................12
1. Public Art ...................................................................................................................................................12
2. Museums and art galleries ........................................................................................................................12
3. Government Support for Artists ................................................................................................................13
4. The Role of Art In Society .........................................................................................................................13
5. Teaching Art to Children ..........................................................................................................................14
III. BUSINESS .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................17
1. Businesses Social Responsibility...............................................................................................................17
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses ..................................................................................................17
3. Climate Change and Business ..................................................................................................................18
4. Marketing Strategy ....................................................................................................................................18
5. Advertising New Products .........................................................................................................................19
IV. EDUCATION ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Main point ..........................................................................................................................................................22
1. Free access to university ...........................................................................................................................22
2. Mandatory education ................................................................................................................................22
3. Horticulture and domestication ................................................................................................................23
4. Purpose of education .................................................................................................................................23
5. Food Science .............................................................................................................................................24
V. ENTERTAINMENT .................................................................................................................................. 26
PRACTICE QUESTIONS: ...........................................................................................................................................26
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................27
1. Watching Live Events................................................................................................................................27
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone ...............................................................................................................27
3. Dangerous Sports ......................................................................................................................................28
4. Impacts Of Video Games...........................................................................................................................28
5. Independent Filmmakers ..........................................................................................................................29
VI. ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................. 31
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................32
1. Plastic Bags ...............................................................................................................................................32
2. Marine Natural Habitats ...........................................................................................................................32
3. Car-Free Days ...........................................................................................................................................33
4. Overpopulation In Cities ...........................................................................................................................33
5. Nuclear Power ...........................................................................................................................................34
VII. HEALTH................................................................................................................................................ 36
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................37
1. Public Health Promotion ..........................................................................................................................37
2. Private Health Services .............................................................................................................................37
3. Healthy Lifestyle ........................................................................................................................................38
4. Overconsumption of Soft Drink ................................................................................................................38
5. Physical Activities in School .....................................................................................................................39
VIII. LANGUAGE .......................................................................................................................................... 41
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................42
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills.......................................................................................................42
2. Learning Languages and Customs ...........................................................................................................42
3. An International Language ......................................................................................................................43
4. Golden Age of Learning Language ..........................................................................................................43
5. The Prevalence of English ........................................................................................................................44
IX. LAW AND ORDER ................................................................................................................................... 46
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................47
1. Law and Order in Society ..........................................................................................................................47
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials .....................................................................................................................47
3. Long-term Prison Sentences .....................................................................................................................48
4. Juvenile Delinquency ................................................................................................................................48
5. Gun License ...............................................................................................................................................49
X. PSYCHOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 51
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................52
1. Job Satisfaction .........................................................................................................................................52
2. Changes .....................................................................................................................................................52
3. Definition of Success .................................................................................................................................53
4. Stress in Today’s Society ...........................................................................................................................53
5. Colours and Emotion ................................................................................................................................54
XI. SOCIAL ISSUES ....................................................................................................................................... 56
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................58
1. The Meaning behind Traditions ...............................................................................................................58
2. Fulltime working women ..........................................................................................................................58
3. Economic Development and Social Values ..............................................................................................59
4. Financial or Practical Aids .......................................................................................................................59
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society ..............................................................................................................60
6. Relocation to the Cities .............................................................................................................................60
7. Perfect Society ...........................................................................................................................................61
8. The importance of history .........................................................................................................................61
9. The demolition of old buildings ................................................................................................................62
XII. SPACE ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................65
1. Expenditure on Space Exploration ...........................................................................................................65
2. Spending Tax on Space Exploration ........................................................................................................65
3. Life on Other Planets ................................................................................................................................66
4. Space Tourism ...........................................................................................................................................66
XIII. SPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. 69
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................70
1. Sports and Marketing ................................................................................................................................70
2. Sportspeople as Role Models .....................................................................................................................70
3. Obesity in Population ................................................................................................................................71
4. Banning of Violent Sports .........................................................................................................................71
5. The Role of Sports in Society ....................................................................................................................72
6. Cities and Exercise ....................................................................................................................................72
7. Sports Facilities .........................................................................................................................................73
XIV. TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 75
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................76
1. The Internet and School ...........................................................................................................................76
2. Self-Driving Cars ......................................................................................................................................76
3. Artificial Intelligence ................................................................................................................................76
4. Modern Electronics ...................................................................................................................................77
5. Technology And Communication .............................................................................................................78
XV. TOURISM .............................................................................................................................................. 80
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................81
1. Travel Through Media ..............................................................................................................................81
2. Remote Areas Travelling ...........................................................................................................................81
3. Following Local Customs .........................................................................................................................81
4. Protect Local Culture ................................................................................................................................82
5. Tourism Expansion ...................................................................................................................................82
XVI. WORK ................................................................................................................................................... 85
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................87
1. Career choosing ........................................................................................................................................87
2. Interviews ..................................................................................................................................................87
3. Societal Contribution ................................................................................................................................88
4. Part-Time Jobs ..........................................................................................................................................88
5. Job Mobility ...............................................................................................................................................88
6. Robots and Jobs.........................................................................................................................................89
7. Retirement age ...........................................................................................................................................89
8. Job Satisfaction/Security ...........................................................................................................................90
9. Human Capital Flight ...............................................................................................................................91
XVII. EXTREMELY HARD QUESTIONS .................................................................................................... 93
Main points ........................................................................................................................................................94
1. One World Government ............................................................................................................................94
2. Competitiveness for Men & Women .........................................................................................................94
3. Crime and Human Nature ........................................................................................................................95
4. Single sex or mixed education ..................................................................................................................95
5. Present or future orientation ....................................................................................................................96
6. An egalitarian society ................................................................................................................................96
KHÓA HỌC CÁ NHÂN HÓA TẠI IELTS XUÂN PHI .................................................................................... 97
I. ANIMAL SCIENCE
Practice questions
1. Animal Extinction
It is a natural process for animal species such as dinosaurs and dodos to become extinct.
There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
2. Domestication
Many people keep dogs and cats as companions.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved and
for the community as a whole.
3. Experiments on Animals
Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the
safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned
because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them
because of their benefits to humanity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4. The Importance of Zoos

Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others however
believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
5. Declining Animals
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.
Why do you think this is happening?
How can this issue be solved?
Main points
1. Animal Extinction
It is a natural process for animal species such as dinosaurs and dodos to become extinct.
There is no reason why people should try to prevent this from happening.
Reasons for natural extinction Arguments against natural extinction
• Extinction is the mechanism by • Not only natural environmental
which natural selection prunes the factors but mankind should also be
poorly adapted and allows the held accountable for putting
hardiest to flourish. animals on the verge of extinction.
• Extinction is how evolution • Animals play a significant role in
proceeds. maintaining the balance of the
• Diversity can even be hazardous to ecosystem.
human health such as the • Many exotic animals have a vital
prevalence and virulence of socio-cultural status in society
infectious diseases.
REFERENCE:
• We don’t need to save endangered species. Extinction is part of evolution
• Why should we save endangered species?
• Why is it so important for us to protect species?
2. Domestication
Many people keep dogs and cats as companions. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved and for the community as a
whole.
Advantages of domestication Disadvantages of domestication
• Having a pet can eliminate certain • Animals may be a host of
psychological problems. pathogens, germs, allergens, and
• Animals help improve children’ viruses.
development. • Having a pet might be cost-
• In some cases, pets can help inefficient.
improve a person’s safety. • Pet owners might be vulnerable to
• Animal can assist people with schedule disturbance.
certain help problems such as • One drawback of getting a pet is
guide dogs. an immediate increase in
responsibility
REFERENCE:
• The benefits of pets for human health
• The health and mood-boosting benefits of pets
• Guide dogs
• The pros and cons of getting a pet
3. Experiments on Animals
Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the
safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned
because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them
because of their benefits to humanity.
Reasons for banning experiments on Reasons in favour of experiments on
animals animals
• It is a violation to animal rights. • Animal testing can help
• Many animal species will die in researchers in finding drugs and
vain because only a few treatments to improve health and
experiments can be appliable in medicine.
real life. • It is hard and expensive to find
• Animal testing generally costs an alternatives to animal testing.
enormous amount of money. • Animals must be used in cases
when ethical considerations
prevent the use of human subjects.
REFERENCE:
• Using animals for testing: pros versus cons
• Should animals be used for scientific or commercial testing?
• Alternatives to animal testing
4. The Importance of Zoos

Some people think that zoos are all cruel and should be closed down. Others however
believe that zoos can be useful in protecting wild animals.
Reasons to support the importance of

Reasons for closing down zoos
zoos
• Zoos emphasize their contribution • Zoos engage in animal
to wildlife conservation. exploitation by profiting from the
• Zoos are also vital for education visitor attention.
and inspiration. • Many animals kept in zoos are not
• Zoos can contribute significantly bred in natural manners which lead
to the financial state on both to a consequence on the
national and individual level. biodiversity.
• Zoos can raise a number of ethical
problems
REFERENCE:
• The importance of zoos
• American zoos and aquariums contribute $16.0 billion to economy
• Assessing the role of zoos in wildlife conservation
• Zoos cause animals far more harm than good
5. Declining Animals
In many countries, the number of animals and plants is declining.
Why do you think this is happening?
How can this issue be solved?
Reasons for a decrease in the number

Solutions
of animals
• An increase in the number of wild • Many countries make poaching an
life crime such as poaching. offense punishable by prison or
• A decrease in the number of fines.
animals can be caused by habitat • The cooperation of governmental
loss because of human industrial bodies and non-profits around the
and household activities. world work to end wildlife
• The spread of non-native plants poaching.
and animals to move into new • The public should be encouraged
areas known as invasive species. not to use products made from
• Disease among plants and animals animals.
is responsible for biodiversity loss. • Governments can strengthen
environmental regulations by
strictly punish businesses which
harm the environment.
REFERENCE:
• Top reasons for animal population decreases
• Poaching animals, explained
• 10 easy things you can do to save endangered species
II. ART
Practice questions
1. Public Art
Some people believe that the government should spend more money putting in more
works of art like paintings and statues in cities to make them better places to live in.
To what extent do you agree?
2. Museums and Art Galleries

Museums and art galleries should concentrate on local works rather than showing the
cultures or artworks from other countries.
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Government Support for Artists

Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such
as painters and musicians. Others believe that artists should be funded by alternative
sources.
4. The Role of Art in Society

Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these
days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology,
and business.
Why do you think that is? What could be done to encourage more people to take interest
in the arts?
5. Teaching Art to Children

Art is considered an important part of society as well as an expression of its culture.
Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be
encouraged to focus on arts rather than other subjects?
Main points
1. Public Art
Some people believe that the government should spend more money putting in more
works of art like paintings and statues in cities to make them better places to live in.
Reasons to support public art Reasons against public art

• It can enrich the physical • Public art can easily be ignored by
environments. most locals.
• It can connect citizens to their • The space used for public art can
neighbours and their shared be used for more practical
history through the tangible purposes.
community asset. • The meanings of this art can be
• It can create a supportive learning inappropriately perceived by most
environment. people.
• Public art can be beneficial to the • It can cost a considerable amount
regional economic development. of money for maintenance.
REFERENCE:
• Why public art is important
• Arts in cities - cities in arts
• The problem with public art
• Public art and argument
2. Museums and art galleries

Museums and art galleries should concentrate on local works rather than showing the
cultures or artworks from other countries.
Advantages of supporting local Disadvantages of supporting local

artworks only artworks only
• They can have many economic • International artworks can help
values. diversify the art market.
• Local artworks can create a sense • Works from foreign artist can
of culture. foster cultural exchange.
• Supporting local artworks can • They can act as symbols of
create a competitive environment international politics.
for talented young artists.
REFERENCE:
• Why it’s important to support local art
• 5 reasons why local artists are important to your community
• Artworks as symbols in international politics
• World art day
3. Government Support for Artists
Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such
as painters and musicians. Others believe that artists should be funded by alternative
sources.
Government funding to artists Private funding to artists

• Government investing in art can • There are significant costs and
create jobs and produce tax dangers that arise from an implicit
revenue. contract to permanent state
• The arts cultivate young funding.
imaginations and facilitate social • Artists make a large sum of money
skills. through a various means of
• Art can imply many civic finance.
catalysts. • Artists will not be forced to “self-
censor”
REFERENCE:
• Why government should invest in the arts
• Why should we fund the arts?
• Should the arts get public money?
• Why public funding of the arts should always be temporary
• Should the government fund the arts?
4. The Role of Art In Society

Art is considered an essential part of all cultures throughout the world. However, these
days fewer and fewer people appreciate art and turn their focus to science, technology,
and business.
Why do you think this happens? What could be done to encourage more people to take
interest in the arts?
Causes for art oblivion Solutions for art oblivion

• Art subjects are not emphasized at • The government should subsidise
schools. artworks from talented artists.
• Individuals encounter hectic • The lawmakers should increase art
schedules in their daily life. funding at schools.
• There are other more interesting • The promotion of museums and
forms of entertainment. galleries are important.
• Art has lost the patronage from the • Public art should be encouraged in
government. the cities.
REFERENCE:
• How the arts are being squeezed out of schools
• Arts a levels face steep decline, official figures reveal
5. Teaching Art to Children

Art is considered an important part of society as well as an expression of its culture.
Do you think it is important for children to be taught art? Do you think children should be
encouraged to focus on arts rather than other subjects?
The importance of learning other

The importance of learning art
subjects
• Many art courses offer to teach • Children need to have a balance of
students to play an instrument so all subjects for holistic
that they can improve certain soft development.
skills such as team work. • Studying is a prerequisite for many
• Art can enhance children’ employment prospects.
language ability. • Studying other subjects can
• Art can help children with improve students’ general
cognitive development. knowledge.
REFERENCE:
• The art of creating: why art is important for early childhood development
• The importance of art in child development
• Calls for balance between arts and science subjects
III. BUSINESS
Practice questions
1. Businesses Social Responsibility

As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society.
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational companies.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Climate Change and Business

Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel they
are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result, people
gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are new
in some way.
Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Main points
1. Businesses Social Responsibility

As well as making money, businesses also have a responsibility towards society.
Reasons for greater business Reasons against greater business

responsibility responsibility
• Corporate social responsibility can • Businesses should not be
improve customers' perception of a responsible for social issues that
brand. they are not culpable.
• Being socially responsible can • Many companies have contributed
help business attract more to society by comply with tax and
shareholders. other vital regulations.
• Talents tend to work for a business • Individuals and government
with a high level of should also share the social
obligation.
REFERENCE:
• Why your company should be more socially responsible
• The growing importance of social responsibility in business
2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Small businesses are disappearing and being replaced by large multinational companies.
Advantages of market predominant by Disadvantages of market predominant

large businesses by large businesses
• The loss in small businesses may • At the state level, a host country
create a disturbance to a large might be the beneficiary of
company’s supply chain. modern technology transfer from
• The disappearance of small international companies.
companies can lead to • These firms, in addition, aid in the
unemployment rate crisis. improvement of the local public
• This trend may cause a loss in infrastructure.
national revenues. • Consumers can enjoy a diverse
range of products and services at
comparative prices.
REFERENCE:
• Small businesses are quietly dying by the thousands during the coronavirus
pandemic
• American small business disappearing
• 19 advantages and disadvantages of multinational corporations
3. Climate Change and Business
Some think that climate change reforms will negatively affect business. Others feel they
are an opportunity for businesses.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
Climate change reforms affects Climate change reforms as an

businesses opportunity for businesses
• Businesses may see a surge in • Eco-friendly companies can
their operational or investment benefit from their investment in
costs to comply with new green technologies.
regulations. • This is an opportunity for carbon-
• Laws to accelerate the transition intensive companies to reshape
towards a low-carbon economy their business models.
can cause a ripple effects on the • The low-carbon transition is
economy (i.e.: high bank debts) creating demand for new
• Such policies will result in further sustainable goods and services
critical social and political issues. worth trillions of dollars across all
sectors.
REFERENCE:
• Climate business | business climate
• Climate change, new risks and opportunities for businesses
• Climate change is an opportunity for business to thrive
• Companies are under pressure on climate change and need to do more
4. Marketing Strategy
Large businesses have big budgets for marketing and promotion and, as a result, people
gravitate towards buying their products.
What problems does this cause? What could be done to encourage people to buy local
products?
Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

• Product marketing may entice • Government can subsidize small-
consumers to buy unnecessary medium-enterprises through fair
items. trade reforms.
• Marketing can be expensive and • Awareness campaign can be
drain profits, especially for smaller introduced to the population so
businesses. that they understand the
• Many promoting campaigns are importance of supporting local
not effective because of a lack of vendors.
further outcome research.
•This practice might lead to a • The ban on targeted advertising
hypercompetitive market, leading can be applied.
to the loss of many small local
brands.
REFERENCE:
• Top advertising problems today
• Advertising makes us unhappy
• Eu parliament backs tighter rules on behavioural ads
• The disadvantages of target marketing
5. Advertising New Products

In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are new
in some way.
Why is this? What are the problems?
Problems with claiming products are

Reasons for claiming products are new
new
• Businesses can incentivise • Companies often disseminate
increased consumer demand. misleading information to
• It is a method of customer customers.
education. • Their employees may be exposed
• This practice can draw customers’ to public criticism from customers
interest in products. if the products unable to match the
unrealistic expectation.
• Businesses’ brand image may be
detrimentally affected with
deceptive acts.
REFERENCE:
• Tesla's success proves that what america needs is business, business, and more
business
• Negative effects of false advertising
• Price misleading advertising: effects on trustworthiness toward the source of
information and willingness to buy
IV. EDUCATION
Practice questions
1. Free access to university

Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and
that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be helping the individual to become
useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve their
ambitions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
5. Food science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Main point
1. Free access to university
Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and
that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial
background they have.
Problems with an exemption of tuition

An exemption of tuition fees
fees
• An exemption to tuition fees • This practice may create a hyper-
means that people from lower competitive labour market.
socioeconomic backgrounds can • Students study college for free
have a chance to pursue higher may put a strain on the state
education. treasury.
• At the state level, society will • Students may not pay attention to
benefit from a high level of academic results and study
civilised citizens. because it will cost them nothing
• Crime rate can reduce significantly to re-take a subject.
as people can distinguish between
right and wrong.
REFERENCE:
• Free college education today, innovation tomorrow
• 31 important pros & cons of free college education
2. Mandatory education
Some people think that children under 18 years old should receive full-time education.
Reasons for compulsory full-time Reasons against compulsory full-time

education education
• It is impossible in remote areas, • It will form a foundation for
particularly in developing nations. children’ s future orientation.
• In many third-world countries, the • Education can reduce the rate of
subsidization for education is low. juvenile delinquency.
• Many parents prefer home- • Education can bring significant
schooling because they believe economic returns for a country and
that their children can benefit from helps societies to achieve lasting
one-on-one attention. peace and sustainable
development.
REFERENCE:
• Why parents choose home schooling
• Rural and remote education
• Right to education
3. Horticulture and domestication

It is suggested that primary children should learn how to grow vegetables and keep
animals.
Advantages of horticulture and animal Disadvantages of horticulture and

domestication animal domestication
• Cultivation and animal husbandry • Children might be susceptible to
may develop greater children’s certain potentially infectious
social awareness which will be diseases.
crucial for them later in life. • Schoolchildren might injure
• These activities play an important themselves with farming tools.
role in encouraging students to • Many inner-city schools do not
participate in physical exercises. have easy access to farms.
• This practice can equip minors
with a foundation of agricultural
knowledge.
REFERENCE:
• Ask a farmer: why is it important to introduce children to agriculture?
• Child safety on farms
4. Purpose of education
Some people believe the purpose of education should be helping the individual to become
useful for society, while others believe it should help individuals to achieve their
ambitions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
Becoming useful for society Achieve personal goals

• Students will someday be a part of • Equipping young people with the
a community and need the skills to knowledge and skills they need to
exist within that society as secure a place at a good university.
thoughtful citizens. • An education can open pathways
• Education can give people to new opportunities, both
opportunities to transfer their occupational and social.
knowledge to others. • Different people will have
• Without education, a society different targets in their life.
would dissolve, no matter the
quality of its constituents.
REFERENCE:
• An introduction to equality of opportunity
• The purpose of education
5. Food Science
Some people think students should study the science of food and how to prepare it.
Others think students should spend time on other important subjects.
Study of food science and preparation Other important subjects

• Insightful knowledge into food • The core disciplines standard at
making can exert many benefits in most schools are imperative for
terms of improved well-being. one’s future career.
• Possessing a solid understanding • School curricula are already
of food and cooking can ensure notoriously hectic.
not only general well-being but • Students can study food
also serve as a basic survival skill. preparation in their own time.
• It is a prerequisite for students to
prepare for their adulthood so that
they can live independently.
REFERENCE:
• Five reasons to study food science
• Why you should study food science and nutrition
V. ENTERTAINMENT
Practice questions:
1. Watching Live Events

Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more enjoyable
than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programmes alone rather than with other
people.
Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
4. Impacts Of Video Games

Today many children spend a lot of time playing video games and little time on sports.
What are negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize
the bad effects?
5. Independent Filmmakers
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a
film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
Main points
1. Watching Live Events
Watching a live performance such as a play, concert, or sporting event is more enjoyable
than watching the same event on television.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Reasons to support live events Reasons against live events

• Watching a live performance in • Watching a live show in person
person provides a more engaging can be exorbitantly expensive.
atmosphere for audiences. • Sometimes live events can be the
• People can enjoy promotion and insecure due to criminal attacks or
give-aways as a side benefits. extreme fans.
• Socialization and networking can • Audiences may be exposed to
be improved. extreme weather conditions.
REFERENCE:
• 5 reasons people go to live sporting events
• 20 reasons why actually going to a sporting event sucks
• The sports riot: first we lose (or win), then we set this sucker on fire
2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

People these days watch TV, films, and other programmes alone rather than with other
people.
Advantages of watching programs Disadvantages of watching programs

alone alone
• People can enjoy greater flexibility • Watching programs alone can
as they can watch programs of loosen social bonds between
their preference without having to family members.
consult with anyone. • Excessive time watching television
• People can enjoy a quite can be habit-forming.
atmosphere.
REFERENCE:
• Tv viewers prefer to watch alone
• Pros and cons of watching tv alone
3. Dangerous Sports
Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think
people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
A ban on extreme sports Freedom to play any sports

• Players are exposed to extreme • Every sport carries a degree
weather conditions. amount of risk.
• Players are vulnerable to serious • These events can produce many
or even fatal injuries. business opportunities.
• They are expensive in terms of • A regulation to ban extreme sports
organisation and sports gears. can lead to much controversy in
public in terms of human rights
REFERENCE:
• 6 popular extreme sports and common injuries
• Injuries in extreme sports
• Benefits of doing extreme sports
• The thrill factor: the big business behind extreme sports
4. Impacts Of Video Games

Today many children spend a lot of time playing video games and little time on sports.
What are negative impacts of playing computer games and what can be done to minimize
the bad effects?
Problems of over-play computer games Solutions for over-play computer games

• Thoughtlessly playing video • Strengthen existing laws on age-
games can lead to many physical category.
and mental health issues. • Closer parental supervision.
• Minors can be susceptible to the • The government can ban the
violent contents in these games. advertisements of videos games on
• Children may loosen their friends’ media platforms.
network.
REFERENCE:
• The health effects of too much gaming
• How to protect kids from violent video games
5. Independent Filmmakers
Films were produced by big companies in the past, but today people are able to make a
film.
Is this a negative or positive development?
Advantages of independent movies Disadvantages of independent movies

• This trend can help explore hidden • This may raise many copyright
talents in film industry. infringement issues.
• It can create a competitive market • These movies can be at low-
so that major producers have to quality.
work hard to produce high-quality • They may not be subjected to
movies. censorship regulation which
• Producers of independent films are contain unsuitable contents for
able to express themselves freely young audiences.
and do not have to follow the same
demands that big box office films
have to.
REFERENCE:
• Pros and cons of making a low budget film
• Why you should support independent film
• Why indie filmmakers may have an advantage over major studios during covid-
19
• 7 challenges facing independent filmmakers
VI. ENVIRONMENT
Practice questions:
1. Plastic Bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Some
people say they should be banned.
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce the air
pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more effective
Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger.
What is your opinion?
Main points
1. Plastic Bags
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Some
people say they should be banned.
Reasons for a ban on plastic bags Reasons against a ban on plastic bags
• Plastics bags pollute both land and • It is hard to find other alternatives
water. to plastic packaging.
• They can be dangerous for • Potentially lead to negative job
wildlife. impacts.
• The cost accumulation of using • The production of alternative
plastics bags may be expensive. might cause more harm to the
• A ban on plastic bags opens more green land.
opportunities for new market.
REFERENCE:
• The hidden economic benefits of banning plastic bags
• The negative environmental effects of plastic shopping bags
• The economic effect of plastic bag bans
• Is your reusable tote worse for the environment than a plastic bag?
2. Marine Natural Habitats

Nowadays, it is possible to move ocean creatures from their natural habitat at sea and
have them relocated in amusement parks for the purpose of people’s recreation.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of marine habitats Disadvantages of marine habitats

relocation relocation
• These animals can serve as • This trend may result in animals’
ambassadors to their species and exploitation by means of
be used to teach visitors about performance.
their biology, natural history, or • This can affect the lifespan of
dangers they face. certain creatures since they are
• Marine zoological parks can be subjected to trauma and being
agents of change and examples of confined in a small living area.
how to treat animals responsibly. • Animals are subjected to captive
• They give them proper nutrition breeding which result in genetic
and aid them to combat certain degeneration.
diseases that affect their kind, in
order to ensure species survival.
REFERENCE:
• Hereditary defects and conservation genetic management of captive populations
• Pros and cons of marine zoological parks according to marine conservationists
3. Car-Free Days
Some people believe that international free-car days are effective ways to reduce air
pollution. However, the others argue that there are several ways that are more effective.
Discuss both views & give your own opinion.
A car-free day Other effective methods

• These days can reduce the level of • Governments should encourage
exhaust fumes from vehicles. the use of public transport.
• It can raise the awareness of • Government should enforce a state
drivers. regulation to set the limit on
• It can encourage physical certain air pollutants from the
activities. businesses’ operational process.
• It can decrease the rate of noise • Government can integrate the
pollution. teaching of environmental
protection in schools’ curriculum.
REFERENCE:
• 5 reasons your city should go car-free
• Pollution watch: how does world car-free day affect emissions?
• Why environmental education is important
4. Overpopulation In Cities
Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems.
What are the problems? What should governments and individuals do to tackle these
problems?
Problems of overpopulation in cities Solutions for overpopulation in cities

• Damage to the environment will • Governments can invest in rural
be exacerbated as there are more areas by provide more basic
people consuming fuels. necessities such as healthcare or
• Overpopulation inflates to living education.
expenses in urban areas. • Another solution would also be for
• Overcrowding can raise the crime the government to introduce tax
rate as poor living conditions may exemptions to couples who have
lead people to desperate measures. one child.
• Lawmakers can implement a one
child policy.
REFERENCE:
• Global trends in city population growth
• Urban threats
5. Nuclear Power
Atomic energy is becoming more and more popular energy source. However, some
people argue that nuclear power puts life on the Earth to danger.
What is your opinion?
Reasons to support nuclear energy Reasons against nuclear energy

• Nuclear is a zero-emission clean • There is a possibility that nuclear
energy source. reactor can melt down which cause
• Nuclear energy produces more devasting environmental and life
electricity on less land than any issues.
other clean-air source. • The initial costs for building a
• Nuclear is not intermittent, as nuclear power plant are relatively
nuclear power plants can run high.
without any interruptions for a • Nuclear waste can cause further
year. problems if not appropriately
treated.
REFERENCE:
• The pros & cons of nuclear energy: is it safe?
• Nuclear power: the pros and cons of the energy source
• 3 reasons why nuclear is clean and sustainable
VII. HEALTH
Practice questions:
1. Public Health Promotion

It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service should
not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
5. Physical Activities in School

The amount of time spend on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in order
tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can you
suggest?
Main points
1. Public Health Promotion
It is more important to spend public money on promoting a healthy lifestyle in order to
prevent illness than to spend it on treatment of people who are already ill.
Public health promotion Treatment

• The promotion of good health is • Governmental support is critical to
relatively cheaper than treating or the recovery of patients whose
curing a disease. treatment costs exceed their
• Many medical conditions are the financial capacity.
direct result of unhealthy habits. • Some diseases cannot be
• Health promotion and disease prevented.
prevention initiatives can produce • People might be born with certain
greater long-term social impacts. hereditary diseases.
REFERENCE:
• Importance of health prevention and promotion
• Health promotion
• The impact of chronic underfunding on America’s public health system: trends,
risks, and recommendations, 2020
• Hereditary diseases, learn about a few examples
2. Private Health Services

Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the medical service should
not be run by profit-making companies.
Do you think the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the advantages?
Advantages of medical care provided Disadvantages of medical care provided

by private sectors by private sectors
• Private hospitals and clinics can • Private healthcare may be costly.
reduce the workload of public • Doctors are happy to prescribe
medical centres. expensive treatments, which may
• Patients can benefit from short do little to help because the bill is
waiting times or modern paid for by insurance companies.
equipment. •
• Private healthcare institutions can
create a competitive environment
so that the public ones can
improve their services.
REFERENCE:
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of private healthcare in the UK?
• Private sector versus Medicare? It's basically the same thing
• Healthcare – Private vs public sector
3. Healthy Lifestyle
Some people believe that governments should make laws about people’s nutrition and
food choice while others argue that it is their choice.
Government ensure that their citizens

Freedom to follow any diets
are healthy
• Different people have different • This practice can help eliminate
tastes. malnutrition, particularly in
• Some people were born with children.
genetic disorders which cannot eat • It can prevent the tragic deaths
certain foods and it is impossible caused by unhealthy diets.
for the government to know. • The consumption of healthier diets
• It is a right for human being to can reduce the risk of chronic
access their physical and mental diseases, such as diabetes and
demands. heart disease.
REFERENCE:
• The right to food: a government responsibility
• WHO urges governments to promote healthy food in public facilities
• Role of government policy in nutrition—barriers to and opportunities for
healthier eating
4. Overconsumption of Soft Drink

People are having more and more sugar-based drinks.
What are the reasons? What can be done to make people drink less?
Reasons for an increase in soft-drink Solutions for an increase in soft-drink

consumption consumption
• Soda addiction is the main cause • Government can introduce special
of the rise in the unprecedented taxes on soda pop.
rate of purchases of soft drinks. • People should join therapy
• It is a temporary boost for energy. sessions to overcome the
• Brands use celebrity endorsement symptoms of addition.
strategy to attract consumers. • Governments can limit the amount
of sugary products advertising on
media.
REFERENCE:
• Why soda is so addictive -- and some good alternative beverages
• What is soda addiction? All you need to know
5. Physical Activities in School

The amount of time spend on sport and exercise should be increased in schools in order
tackle the problem of overweight children.
Do you think this is the best way to deal with the problem? What other solutions can you
suggest?
The advantages of physical exercises to Other alternatives to physical exercises.

children
• Regular physical activity can help • Governments can control the diets
children and adolescents improve of children during school meals.
cardiorespiratory fitness, build • Personal healthcare should be
strong bones and muscles and integrated as a core subject in
control weight. schools.
• This trend might give teenagers • Parents can set as role models for
opportunities to be more their offspring.
physically active and reduce the
risk of developing many chronic
conditions.
• Team work exercises can motivate
students to be more active as they
are likely to follow their friends.
REFERENCE:
• Physical activity facts
• Importance of physical activity for children
• Parents making youth sports a positive experience: role models
• School meals
VIII. LANGUAGE
Practice questions
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste of
time. To what extent do you agree?
2. Learning Languages and Customs

Some think that students must travel to another country in order to learn its language and
customs.
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
5. The Prevalence of English

The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
Main points
1. Role of Computer in Language Skills

As computers translate quickly and accurately, learning foreign languages is a waste of
time. To what extent do you agree?
Why computer is good for language The irreplaceable role of language

learners learning
• The artificial intelligence has • Learning a foreign language can
been advancing rapidly, becoming help people deepen a culture’s
more accurate in translation. understanding.
• The advent of speech and image • There are many implying
recognition can overcome the meanings of a sentence.
problems of text-to-text • Language learning can improve
translation. academic achievement.
• AI translators can also make • Language has a wide range of
travelling a whole lot easier. professional prospects.
REFERENCE:
• Will technology replace language learning?
• Translation technology is useful, but should not replace learning languages
• Will technology replace language learning?
• Ai translators: the future of language learning?
2. Learning Languages and Customs

Some think that students must travel to another country in order to learn its language and
customs.
Benefits of learning language and Obstacle of overseas travel in learning

customs from overseas travel language and customs
• Students can be totally immersed • Overseas travel can be expensive.
in the language. • Tourists may be exposed to culture
• They can encounter people from shock.
different cultural background, • Many external threats such as
thus, widen their perspective on fraud or abduction occurring to
different cultures and traditions. tourists around the world.
• They can partake in traditional
festival or enjoy local delicacies.
REFERENCE:
• 5 reasons why exploring new cultures is the best part of travelling
• 10 reasons why studying a language abroad is better than at home
3. An International Language
Some believe that we should invent a new language for international communication.
Advantages of a global language Disadvantages of a global language

• An international language is an • An invention of an international
efficient tool for people to respond language can be time-consuming
to globalisation. and cost inefficient.
• It can increase employability of • This can present challenges for
many people. non-native speakers regarding
• It can facilitate international trade. science communication.
• This poses a great threat to minor
languages.
REFERENCE:
• English as an international language: Challenges and possibilities
• The advantages and disadvantages of a global language
4. Golden Age of Learning Language

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at
primary school rather than secondary school.
Advantages of learning a foreign Disadvantages of learning a foreign

language at primary school language at primary school
• At the age of 6 to 10, children’ • This can lead to potential
brain is hardwired for learning interference with the mother
new languages. tongue.
• The pronunciation of a new • This can cost a high amount of
language is easier at this age. money from teacher training to
• The cognitive benefits of learning setting up equipment.
a language have a direct impact on • Children may have their full
a child’s academic achievement autonomy in learning what they
want.
REFERENCE:
• Early childhood & elementary
• Benefits of learning a second language as a child
• Bilingualism and speech & language disorders
5. The Prevalence of English
The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most prominent
language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English becoming the only
language to be spoken legally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of learning one language in the world?
Advantages of English language Disadvantages of English language

predominance predominance
• It can career prospects and • This will lead to the disappearance
employment opportunities can of many minor languages.
vastly increase. • It can pose a threat on cultural
• It may bring more business preservation.
opportunities. • Innovation and growth of language
• It can allow communication would cease to evolve.
between culture.
REFERENCE:
• Advantages and disadvantages of English being a global language
• Hundreds of our languages are teetering on the brink of extinction
• Pros and cons of letting English be the global language
IX. LAW AND ORDER
Practice questions:
1. Law and Order in Society

Society is based on rules and laws. If individuals were free to do whatever they want to
do, it could not function.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement?
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

In some countries, some criminal trials are shown on the television and the general public
can watch them.
3. Long-term Prison Sentences

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences.
Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime.
4. Juvenile Delinquency
Currently, crimes committed by young people are on the increase.
What are the causes of this? What could be done to solve those problems?
5. Gun License
In some countries, it is legal for people to own military weapons when they have a
license.
How does this affect society?
Main points
1. Law and Order in Society

Society is based on rules and laws. If individuals were free to do whatever they want to
do, it could not function.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above statement?
Reasons to support rules and laws Reasons to oppose rules and laws
• Law cannot solve every critical
•Lawlessness would likely result in
societal issue.
public disorder
• Certain policies and regulations
• Law acts as a guideline to lead all
are outdated and need to be
citizens to conduct moral acts for
amended.
the common good.
• Many laws still favour the rich and
• A state of anarchy would result in
bring injustice for the poor.
rebellion, leading to civil wars.
• There are still many controversial
• A lawless society would hinder the
court cases which impinge on the
economic development of a
fairness of the legal system.
nation.
REFERENCE:
• Anarchy, failed states, and armed groups
• Judge's view: what if there were no laws?
• Importance of law and order
• Obsolete law—the solutions
• Law alone cannot solve problems of society.
• Equal justice for the poor, too.
• Controversial law still has a place
2. Broadcasted Criminal Trials

In some countries, some criminal trials are shown on the television and the general public
can watch them.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Telecasted trials may reveal the
• These public court hearings can defendants and witnesses’ privacy.
improve people’s legal • Televising court trials might
knowledge. heighten pressure on judges and
• They can act as a deterrent to juries
crime. • There is potential for physical and
• It is a promotion of judicial psychological interference on trial
transparency and justice. orders.
•This practice is an act of • Broadcasting court trials can lead
protection to the public’s rights to misinterpretation of the judicial
and media’s freedom of system.
expression.
REFERENCE:
• Televised trials: weighing advantages against disadvantages
• How does courtroom broadcasting influence public confidence in justice?
• Arguments for and against allowing television cameras into the courtroom
3. Long-term Prison Sentences

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences.
Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime.
The importance of imprisonment Alternative crime-control methods

• Times for inmates to regret and • Inmates might adversely influence
repent their wrongdoings. others.
• Certain criminals are beyond • Many misdemeanours should
redemption and should be isolated receive non-custodial sanctions
from society. and measures instead of
• A deterrent method to ensure that incarceration.
the legal system is followed and • In-patient rehabilitation or
upheld. treatment programs can be applied
in cases of defendants with drug,
alcohol, or psychiatric problems
REFERENCE:
• Justice & prisons
• What is the importance of prisons?
• Why promote prison reform?
• Sentencing alternatives to jail and prison
4. Juvenile Delinquency
Currently, crimes committed by young people are on the increase.
What are the causes of this? What could be done to solve those problems?
Causes for juvenile crimes Solutions

• Poverty can be positively • Involvement in community groups
correlated with teenagers provide young people with a safe
committing crime. social environment.
• A lack of parental control may • Providing educational programs to
result in negative influenced form teach children about the effects of
peer pressure. drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons.
• Teenagers subjected to domestic • Government should support
violence are more prone to families that have poor economic
delinquency. status so that they can improve
• Violence in the media can affect their financial condition.
young people’s attitudes and • Issuing a strict censorship law to
behaviours. limit the amount of violence
shown in the media.
REFERENCE:
• Factors contributing to juvenile delinquency
• Juvenile delinquency – causes, prevention, and the ways of rehabilitation
• Juvenile delinquency- causes and prevention
• Causes and solutions of juvenile delinquency
5. Gun License
In some countries, it is legal for people to own military weapons when they have a
license.
How does this affect society?
The effects of gun ownership on society

•An increase in the level of gun-related criminal cases.
•An increase in the profitability of weapon industry.
•Stimulate violent tendency in people, especially children.
•Firearms ownerships may be extremely dangerous if they are within the
accessibility of people with mental health.
REFERENCE:
• The impact of gun violence on children, families, & communities
• A booming US. Gun industry is adding more jobs
• Effects of gun violence
X. PSYCHOLOGY
Practice questions:
1. Job Satisfaction
The most crucial factor of a person’s life is his or her time at the workplace, and life
becomes meaningless when there is no job satisfaction.
2. Changes
It is often considered that change is more beneficial to people than trying to avoid it and
have everything remain the same.
Do you think the advantages of change outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Definition of Success
Some people say that individuals who make a lot of money are most successful. Others
think that those who contribute to society like scientists and police officers are the most
successful.
Discuss both these views and give your opinions.
4. Stress in Today’s Society

Stress is now a major problem in many countries around the world.
What are some of the factors in modern society that cause this stress, and how can we
reduce it?
5. Colours and Emotion

Psychologists have known for many years that colour can affect how people feel. For this
reason, attention should begiven to colour schemes when decorating places such as
offices and hospitals.
How true is this statement? How far does colour influence people’s health and capacity
for work?
Main points
1. Job Satisfaction
The most crucial factor of a person’s life is his or her time at the workplace, and life
becomes meaningless when there is no job satisfaction.
Reasons for job satisfaction Reasons for other factors

• When people are discontent with • Economic reality may urge people
their jobs, they will less likely to continue a job because of
excel at their work performance. profitability.
• Many unhappy workers might be • If employees receive a lucrative
associated with mental disorders salary, this can increase their work
such as insomnia, hostility, motive.
depression, anxiety, and stress. • People can still find meaning in
• If these symptoms persist at other aspects of life.
length, they will result in
aggravating health consequences
namely osteoarthritis,
gastrointestinal, cardiovascular,
and respiratory diseases.
REFERENCE:
• Salary vs job satisfaction: which one makes you happy
• Which is more essential: having a high salary or job satisfaction?
• Perhaps money can buy you happiness — at least, at work
2. Changes
It is often considered that change is more beneficial to people than trying to avoid it and
have everything remain the same.
Do you think the advantages of change outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of a changeable life Disadvantages of a changeable life

• Any new situation that a person • People may not be able to cope up
encounters can be an opportunity with changes.
to learn and grow as a person. • Changes are sometimes
• Changes can foster individuals to overwhelming, expensive, and
explore inner talents. tiring.
• People can have opportunities to • Changes in employment may
experience a more interesting create insecurity.
lifestyle.
REFERENCE:
• Why changes are good
• The positive & negative effects of changing jobs
3. Definition of Success
Some people say that individuals who make a lot of money are most successful. Others
think that those who contribute to society like scientists and policemen are the most
successful.
Discuss both these views and give your opinions.
Rich people Scientists and teachers

• People having a high income can • These people devote their effort
spend more generously on luxury and time to build a better society.
items. • Works of scientists can help solve
• Billionaires often have their voice many global challenges.
in important situations. • They often help society in a
• Money affords people autonomy selfless way.
to make choices about how they
live their lives.
REFERENCE:
• People actually are happier when they make more money: Wharton study
• Billionaire richard branson’s definition of success has nothing to do with
money
4. Stress in Today’s Society

Stress is now a major problem in many countries around the world.
What are some of the factors in modern society that cause this stress, and how can we
reduce it?
Causes of stress Solutions to reduce stress

• People may face overwhelming • People may relieve stress thanks to
lifestyle of modern society. family support.
• Individuals may be susceptible for • Certain therapy can help
discrimination or harassment. individuals with anxiety.
• Stress can be positively correlated • People can practice healthy diets.
with an unhealthy lifestyle
REFERENCE:
• New research links stress at work to unhealthy lifestyles
• Causes of stress
• Stress: 10 ways to ease stress
5. Colours and Emotion
Psychologists have known for many years that colour can affect how people feel. For this
reason, attention should begiven to colour schemes when decorating places such as
offices and hospitals.
How true is this statement? How far does colour influence people’s health and capacity
for work?
Colours affect personal emotion Effects of colours on health and work

• Colour is a powerful • Certain colours have been
communication tool and can be associated with increased blood
used to signal action, influence pressure, increased metabolism,
mood, and even influence and eyestrain.
physiological reactions. • The colour of your product can be
• Colours can trigger many arousal the reason for a customer to buy it.
states and emotions. • Studies have also shown that
• Colours can have different certain colours can have an impact
meanings in different cultures. on performance.
REFERENCE:
• The effects of colours on behaviour
• Color psychology: does it affect how you feel?
XI. SOCIAL ISSUES
Practice questions:
1. The Meaning behind Traditions

Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals; during
festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
2. Fulltime working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of household
chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but some
important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important, but
others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a “throwaway society” where things are used for a
short time and thrown away.
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
6. Relocation To the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving only
old people in countryside.
What problems does this cause? What can be done to solve this problem?
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history important
to society?
9. The demolition of old buildings

In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to modernize,
old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
What are the disadvantages of knocking down old buildings? Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
Main points
1. The Meaning behind Traditions
Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional and religious festivals; during
festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Meanings of festival have never been

People forget the meanings of festivals
forgotten
•Most festivals are often associated • There is a rise of traditional
with a holiday period, so that awareness around the world as
workers might regard these government include the teaching of
occasions as a time for travelling cultural preservation in school
or relaxation, rather than programs.
practicing traditional rituals • Families also play a role in passing
• People might concentrate more on knowledge of religious festivals’
social media platforms, thus, deeper significance on to the next
neglect the importance of cultures generation.
and traditions. • The meanings of festivals are
• The rise of technology has made taught in schools so that the next
traditions and festival less generations can understand them
important because people might deeply.
have more interesting means of
entertainment.
REFERENCE:
• Preserving culture and tradition in the modern world
• Learn 10 things why it is important to preserve culture
2. Fulltime working women

Men and women employed full-time jobs should share the responsibilities of household
chores. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Equal division of house chores Reasons against an equal division of

house chores
• Equal division of household • In countries where Confucianism
obligation reduce domestic is still prevalent, women are still
conflict and household task considered more important in
burden. dealing with family tasks.
• This practice can be an important • Women tend to have higher
lesson for children. standards of cleanliness than men,
• Sharing the household and they should be more
responsibilities between couples responsible for it.
will help to reduce gender
inequality.
REFERENCE:
• What are some benefits of sharing household chores in the family?
• The secret to… sharing household chores fairly with your partner
3. Economic Development and Social Values

Many countries aim to improve their living standard by economic development, but some
important social values are lost as a result.
Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of economic growth Disadvantages of economic growth

• There is a positive relationship • There are newer health challenges
between economic growth and the arising with increases in economic
rate of poverty reduction. growth.
• Economic growth has a positive • An increase in income inequality is
impact on literacy rate of children, another possible effect of
and vice versa. economic growth.
• As economies continue to • Increased crime rate is often
experience growth, the amount associated with the expansion of
that is spent on infrastructure such the economy.
as transportation networks,
communication, electricity, gas,
water supply as well as various
technologies has also increased.
REFERENCE:
• The effects of economic development and built environment on diabetes in
China
• Causes and consequences of economic development
4. Financial or Practical Aids

More developing countries are being given aid by international organizations to help
them in their development plans. Some people argue that financial aid is important, but
others suggest that practical aid and advice are more important.
Financial aids Practical aids

• The money flow from • Many prolonged issues cannot sole
international aids may help be solved by financial aids.
developing nations to accomplish • Practical aids can help less
their development goals. developed countries be more self-
• It can foster the elimination of independent.
illiteracy and poverty.
•Financial aid can directly help • While financial aids may be taken
emerging nations to relieve the advantages by corrupted
distress caused by man-made or governments, practical aids can
natural disasters like drought, benefit directly to the citizens.
illness, and conflict.
REFERENCE:
• Why foreign aid is harmful
• What is foreign aid?
• Does financial aid help or harm developing countries: Case of Albania
5. Consumerism in Today’s Society

In many countries people are living in a “throwaway society” where things are used for a
short time and thrown away.
What are the causes of this and what problems does it lead to?
Reasons for consumerism in society Problems for consumerism in society

• Overexposure advertisements on • Thoughtless consumption of short-
various media platforms, use and disposable items can lead
encourages purchasing pressure, to a high level of waste disposal.
often resulting in compulsive and • This trend can also lead to the
impulsive shopping. over-exploitation of natural
• the result of advances in science resources.
and technology is causing new • One other major problem that
products to be increasingly stems from this wasteful lifestyle
cheaper. is increasing personal debt.
• Many companies adopt a business
strategy of planned obsolescence
in which manufacturers
deliberately reduce the lifespan of
a product.
REFERENCE:
• The disposable society: an expensive place to live
• What you need to know about consumerism
• Trashing a throw-away society
6. Relocation to the Cities

Some young people are leaving the countryside to live in cities and towns, leaving only
old people in countryside.
What problems does this cause? What can be done to solve this problem?
Problems for an increase in urban Solutions for increase in urban

immigration immigration
•Urban population might put a lot • Governments can grant incentives
of burden on the city’s to big companies if they establish
infrastructure. an operation in the rural regions.
• The young countrymen abandon • The authorities should construct
their hometowns will create a more public infrastructure in rural
scarcity of human resources for areas such as schools or hospitals.
the local industry. • Lawmakers can waive or grant a
• This can create a competitive job deduction in personal income tax
market in the urban areas. for people living in the villages.
REFERENCE:
• Migration from rural areas to cities: challenges and opportunities
• Urbanization and the mass movement of people to cities
• People fleeing big cities may spur economic growth in smaller metros
7. Perfect Society
People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times fail in making
this happen.
What is your opinion about an ideal society? How can we create an ideal society?
Conditions of a perfect society How to create a perfect society

• Creating a peaceful environment • An education of altruism is
is amongst the key features of a important.
model society. • International cooperation between
• Every member of society should governments can help reduce
have equal opportunity to inequality and discrimination.
education, work, and well-being.
REFERENCE:
• Envisioning an ideal society — and how to get there
• Experiments in living: how to build a perfect society
8. The importance of history

Every culture, throughout time, has recorded its history in one way or another.
In what ways can history be passed on to the next generation? Why is history important
to society?
How to preserve history The importance of history

• History can be preserved thanks to • At the most basic level, it serves to
the advent of modern technology. maintain and celebrate civic beauty
• A promotion of history teaching in and pride and foster an
schools is important. appreciation of local and national
history and heritage.
• History contests can be held to • Historic preservation can be a
attract people into researching powerful tool used to strengthen
about their national history. local economies and stabilize
property values. For example,
many tourist destinations are
historical sites.
• History helps a nation to identify
its traditions and cultures.
REFERENCE:
• National heritage areas preserve America’s landscapes and history
• How to preserve your own history
• Why preserve history?
9. The demolition of old buildings

In many cities there is a lack of space to develop and as a result, in order to modernize,
old buildings are demolished and replaced with new buildings.
Advantages of historic buildings Disadvantages of historic buildings

demotion demotion
• Many buildings do not meet the • Historic buildings can serve as
standard of safety so the tourist destinations.
demolition of these buildings will • It can be a form of historic
mean better infrastructures as they preservation.
are replaced. • A high level of carbon is emitted
• When the land could be used by creating the steel, cement and
beneficially, removing the bricks for new buildings.
building would make way for
more economical purposes.
• Many old buildings lack
supporting infrastructure. For
example, they do not have
adequate power and water supply
systems.
REFERENCE:
• Demolishing historical buildings
• Don't demolish old buildings, urge architects
• Advantages and disadvantages of demolishing old buildings
XII. SPACE
Practice questions
1. Expenditure on Space Exploration

Some people think the money spent in developing the technology for space exploration is
not justified. There are more beneficial ways to spend this money.
2. Spending Tax on Space Exploration

Space exploration costs tax payers’ an exorbitant amount of money each year.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration?
3. Space Tourism
Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism
could be developed in the future.
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
4. Space Tourism
Main points
1. Expenditure on Space Exploration
Some people think the money spent in developing the technology for space exploration is
not justified. There are more beneficial ways to spend this money.
Reasons to spend money on other

Reasons to conduct space research
sectors
•People may find an alternative • That the government funding
place of living to solve the should be allocated to other urgent
problem of overpopulation. aspects such as education,
• Spending money on conducting medicine or constructing public
space research can foster a deeper infrastructure.
understanding of the universe. • Space exploration is believed to be
• Astronomical research might be an exclusive privilege of wealthy
considered important because it nations
can showcase the scientific, • Astronauts receive exposure to
technological, and economic natural dangers while in space.
breakthroughs of these countries.
• Space exploration allows people
to prove or disprove scientific
theories developed on Earth.
REFERENCE:
• Exploring space to prepare for earth’s future
• Why we explore
• 19 advantages and disadvantages of space exploration
2. Spending Tax on Space Exploration

Space exploration costs tax payers’ an exorbitant amount of money each year.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of spending money on space exploration?
Advantages of space research Disadvantages of space research

• People may find an alternative • Research and development costs
place of living to solve the can be exorbitantly expensive.
problem of overpopulation. • This trend cannot solve the
• Space exploration allows people problem of poverty. This is
to prepare for potential hazards because there are many other
from the universe. social issues that needed to be
• Exploring space is one of the few addressed.
human endeavours that crosses • It only brings accolades to a few
borders. nations.
•Space explorations foster a
stronger bonds between countries.
REFERENCE:
• Space research and its impact on social issues and problems
• Advantages and disadvantages of space exploration
3. Life on Other Planets

Some scientists think that there are intelligent life forms on other planets and messages
should be sent to contact them. Other scientists think it is a bad idea and would be
dangerous.
Advantages of study about aliens Disadvantages of study about aliens

• Extra-terrestrials may be of • People have limited technologies
advanced race which can help the and the development may be
Earth to leverage their technology costly.
to improve our standard of living. • The search for extra-terrestrial
• People may be able to relocate to intelligence may be futile.
other planets to solve the problem • Alien-beings may be hostile to
of overpopulation. human-beings.
• The study of astrobiology
therefore enriches the whole
scientific enterprise.
REFERENCE:
• The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
• Why Look for Extraterrestrial Life?
4. Space Tourism
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
Advantages of space tourism Disadvantages of space tourism

• Space voyages would offer people • Scientists worry that growing
new experiences and knowledge numbers of rocket flights and the
that they always desire for. rise of space tourism could harm
• It may facilitate employment Earth's atmosphere and contribute
prospects. to climate change.
• It will inspire further study about • The occurrence of potential for
the universe. life-threatening catastrophes is
worth considering.
• It may contribute to space junk
REFERENCE:
• Billionaires in space? The pros and cons of space tourism
• How bad is space tourism for the environment? And other space travel
questions, answered.
• The rise of space tourism could affect Earth's climate in unforeseen ways,
scientists worry
XIII. SPORTS
Practice questions
1. Sports and Marketing

Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a
negative impact on sports.
2. Sportspeople as Role Models

Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think that
they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for children.
Do you agree or disagree?
3. Obesity in Population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport a
compulsory module on all degree courses.
4. Banning of Violent Sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should
be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
5. The Role of Sports In Society

Some people think that sports play an important role in society. Others think they are
nothing more than a leisure activity.
6. Cities and Exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes of this?
What are some possible solutions?
7. Sports Facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
Main points
1. Sports and Marketing
Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think it has a
negative impact on sports.
Reasons support corporate sponsorship Reasons against corporate sponsorship

• Funds accumulated from such • The focus of players will divert
sponsorship not only allows from dedicated playing towards
people to watch games for free but financial gains which disturbs the
also use for the development of purity of participating in sports.
teams’ facilities and cover • Commodification also entails a
players’ salaries. reduction in focus on the actual
• Corporations can use these events sport.
to promote products that will • Performers, teams, and events can
encourage active lifestyles. be manipulated or exploited to suit
• In terms of branding, the sponsor.
multinationals sponsor sports will
help them promote their company
labels to the public, leading to an
increase in sales and profits.
REFERENCE:
• The pros & cons of sports sponsorships
• Commercialisation in sport
2. Sportspeople as Role Models

Professional sports people are often idolised by young children. Some people think that
they, therefore, have a responsibility to be good role models at all times for children.
Do you agree or disagree?
Athletes as role models Athletes cannot be role models

• These professionals’ success may • Many sports stars lack discipline
attract a high level of followers and create negative precedents for
which are highly influential to the minors.
general public, especially children. • Sportspeople’ personal lives may
• Professional athletes are one of the be complicated.
highest paying jobs and most • Sportsmen and women involved in
money are contributed by fans in scandals may exert adverse effects
the ways of buying tickets and on their followers.
jerseys. Thus, they need to live up
to the expectation of their
followers.
•Sportspeople can be good
examples of how to overcome life
difficulties in order to be
successful.
REFERENCE:
• Are athletes good role models?
• Opinion: athletes should be positive role models
3. Obesity in Population
With an increasing overweight population some think universities should make sport a
compulsory module on all degree courses.
PE as a core subject PE as an optional subject

• Sports have been proved to have • Most universities already have
many benefits on students’ well- sports facilities available for those
beings. who are interested.
• PE might be an easier subjects • The academic demands of certain
than science ones. majors are already high.
• Sports can improve certain social • Many students have busy
skills such as communication or timetables such as a part-time job.
teamwork amongst young people.
REFERENCE:
• The case for physical education becoming a core subject in the national
curriculum
• Face off: should pe be compulsory for university students?
4. Banning of Violent Sports

Some people think that sports involving violence, such as boxing and martial arts, should
be banned from TV as well as from international sporting competitions.
A ban on violent sports Freedom to practice any sports

• They encourage aggressive • Boxing and all other modern sports
thoughts and behaviours of take place under a well-controlled
viewers, especially young environment where there are rules
children. to be followed.
• Broadcast violent sports may • Every sports contain risks.
deliver distorted images to • Sports are entirely for the purpose
viewers. of entertainment
REFERENCE:
• Should violent sports like wrestling be banned?
• Arguments for and against banning boxing
5. The Role of Sports in Society

Some people think that sports play an important role in society. Others think they are
nothing more than a leisure activity.
Essential role of sports Sports is just for entertainment

• Sport is a powerful tool to • People play sports as a leisure
promote peace, tolerance and pastime.
understanding, bringing people • People tend to focus on other
together across boundaries, important aspects of life.
cultures, and religions. • Sports can satisfy number of deep
• Sports play an important role in psychological needs.
economic development of a
country.
• Sport is a unique and powerful
tool for promoting dignity and the
equal and inalienable rights of
every member of the human
being.
REFERENCE:
• What are the role of sports in peace building?
• Secretary-general's message on the international day of sport for development
and peace
6. Cities and Exercise

Many people living in cities these days do not get enough physical exercise.
What are the causes of this?
What are some possible solutions?
Reason for a lack of exercise Solution for lacking exercise

• People tend to spend more time in • The government should provide
the virtual reality instead of free facilities where people can
practicing physical exercises. exercise.
• There is a lack of designated areas • They can give more monetary
for exercises in the urban centres. incentive for employees who travel
• People are likely to be to work by bike or on foot.
overwhelmed with busy working • They can build onsite gyms, adopt
agenda. policies that encourage exercise
breaks during the workday,
compensate employees for joining
gyms, or offer health insurance
incentives for physical activity.
REFERENCE:
• Obesity prevention source
• Designing cities for health: how to change urban environments for the better?
7. Sports Facilities
Some countries invest in specialized sports facilities for top athletes but not for the
average people.
Is this a positive or negative development?
Reasons for building top-class facilities Reasons against building top-class

for athletes only facilities for athletes only
• This practice can help increase • A country might have more
sportspeople’ performance in important sectors to allocate the
international sports events. money on.
• Building specialised facilities for • This practice can only serve a
athletes can have certain economic small segment of people.
benefits such as selling tickets for • If opened for the general public,
public. hidden talents can be spotted.
• This practice can also engender
national unity and are an
important mechanism of foreign
policy.
REFERENCE:
• Designing a sports performance facility
XIV. TECHNOLOGY
Practice questions:
1. The Internet and School

Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so
much from the internet and be educated at home.
2. Self-Driving Cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
3. Artificial Intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human
beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative
consequences.
4. Modern Electronics
Some old people today struggle with the use of modern technologies such as smartphones
and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
5. Technology and Communication

Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has
this been a positive or negative development?
Main points
1. The Internet and School
Some today argue that schools are no longer necessary because children can learn so
much from the internet and be educated at home.
Reasons to support online learning Reasons against online learning

• Many online courses are free and • Looking at the screen for long
affordable for the general public. periods of time can be harmful.
• This trend can facility self-study • Online learning from home can
skills. also be very isolating and lonely.
• Learning from online platforms • Learners can be disoriented from
can exert greater flexibility. the huge amount of information on
the internet.
REFERENCE:
• Will the internet replace traditional education?
• Face off: will online learning replace traditional schooling?
2. Self-Driving Cars
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling
inside these vehicles will be passengers.
Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of auto-drive cars Disadvantages of auto-drive cars

• Self-driving cars make driving • One downside of self-driving cars
more convenient and accessible. is that they would lead to large
• Driverless cars can cause far fewer employment losses.
accidents than humans. • One of the potential cons about
• They can prevent the physical self-driving cars is the possibility
symptoms of drivers such as of hacking.
fatigue or sleepiness. • The initial cost of automated
vehicles may be astronomically
expensive.
REFERENCE:
• Self-driving cars: pros and cons
3. Artificial Intelligence
Some scientists believe that in the future computers will be more intelligent than human
beings. While some see this as a positive development others worry about the negative
consequences.
Positive side of computers Negative side of computers
• Errors are reduced and the chance • Many employees may lose their
of reaching accuracy with a job due to automatic machines.
greater degree of precision is a • If may encounter a situation that is
possibility. unfamiliar to them then they
• People can overcome many risky perform incorrectly or else break
limitations of humans by down in such situations.
developing an AI Robot • Machines can hinder creativity
• Some of the highly advanced because humans may become
organizations use digital assistants overdependent in machines.
to interact with users which saves
the need for human resources.
REFERENCE:
• Advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence
• Pros and cons of artificial intelligence – a threat or a blessing?
4. Modern Electronics
Some old people today struggle with the use of modern technologies such as smartphones
and computers.
What is the cause of this? What are some possible solutions?
Causes of seniors struggling with new Solutions seniors struggling with new
technologies technologies
• Old people might not see the • Through simple instructions from
benefits they acquire from family members, it is possible that
computers thus leads to their old people can use certain
reluctance to learn. machines.
• Seniors generally have a lesser • Workshops should be set up in
frame of reference to enable them offices which impart training of
to absorb new knowledge. these gadgets to older people who
• The elderly may not want to exit are still working.
their “comfort zones”.
REFERENCE:
• 16 reasons why the elderly struggle with technology
5. Technology And Communication
Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of
technology.
Has this been a positive or negative development?
Advantages of technologies on social Disadvantages of technologies on social

connection connection
• Telephones and the Internet allow • People may experience virtual
business people to attend meetings distance.
or seminars in foreign countries. • Higher levels of technology use
• Technologies allow people to add up to significantly less time
reconnect with long-lost spent together as a couple, less
relationships. satisfaction and connection, and
• People can make new friends on higher levels of depression and
social networks. anxiety.
• Technology can be an effective
distraction in the current moment.
REFERENCE:
• 3 ways technology can negatively impact your relationships
• What are the effects of technology on human interaction?
XV. TOURISM
Practice questions
1. Travel Through Media

It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We can
learn just as much from books, films, and the internet.
2. Remote Areas Travelling

It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments, such
as the South pole.
3. Following Local Customs

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and
behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural
differences.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
4. Protect Local Culture

Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some areas
whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have no benefits.
Discuss both sides and gives your opinion.
5. Tourism Expansion
Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries.
Why is this the case? What are the problems?
Main points
1. Travel Through Media
It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn the culture of other people. We can
learn just as much from books, films, and the internet.
Reasons to support virtual tourism Reasons against virtual tourism

• The impact of tourism on • Information might be out-dated.
vulnerable destinations is reduced. • Online travellers will lack practical
• This trend is cost-efficient. experience.
• The immersive experience allows • An upsurge in virtual travellers
the viewer to imagine themselves will obviously lead to many
at a travel destination. drawbacks for the tourism
industry.
REFERENCE:
• What is virtual tourism and when should you make use of it?
• The complete guide to virtual tourism in 2021
2. Remote Areas Travelling

It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environments, such
as the South pole.
Advantages of remote areas travel Disadvantages of remote areas travel

• This is a novel type of travelling. • This practice might disturb the
• When visiting remote areas, ecological balance.
people, especially scientists, might • The cultural environment for locals
acquire more knowledge about the is at risk.
natural habitat. • Travelling to remote natural areas
• It is an opportunities for cultural can be risky if the travellers are not
exchanges between communities. sufficiently prepared because
medical health might not be
available or limited.
REFERENCE:
• Traveling to antarctica: the pros and cons
3. Following Local Customs

Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and
behaviour. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural
differences.
Visitors follow local customs The host country welcome cultural
difference
•If visitors do not acclimate the • If a host country embraces new
host country’s customs, they cultures, it will develop a sense of
might be considered being tolerance in the local people.
unfriendly to locals. • Tourism will be enhanced.
• It can be dangerous to not follow • Cultural difference is essential in
customs. every aspect of life as it leads to
• Travellers will enjoy the traditions innovation, productivity, problem-
and be able to take part in solving, and new opportunities.
community life.
REFERENCE:
• Ways to embrace cultural differences while traveling
• Understanding cultural differences: a guide for travel professionals
4. Protect Local Culture

Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some areas
whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have no benefits.
Discuss both sides and gives your opinion.
A ban on tourism to certain A ban on tourism is a feasible method

destinations
• Many tourists misbehave in tourist • Tourism can provide an incredible
monuments. economic boost.
• Religious, linguistic, and socio- • Tourism can facilitate the process
cultural behaviour will likely be of cultural exchange.
more affected by the influx of • Tourism is a powerful tool to
tourists. promote a country image on the
• Acculturation often turns into global stage.
cultural assimilation.
REFERENCE:
• Over-tourism: causes, consequences and solutions
• Tourists not welcome: how to tackle the issue of over-tourism
5. Tourism Expansion
Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourist industries.
Why is this the case? What are the problems?
Reasons for tourism development in Problems of tourism development in

emerging countries emerging countries
• The tourism industry can help • The crime rate might increase
promote peace and stability in accordingly.
developing countries by providing • It can pose a threat on the
jobs, generating income, environment.
diversifying the economy, • The industry also reduces the
protecting the environment, and native country’s autonomy as it
promoting cross-cultural relies on external factors such as
awareness. foreign consumers and the climate.
• The living expenses in developing
countries may be cheaper so
backpackers may find it easier to
settle there.
• It can facilitate cultural exchange.
REFERENCE:
• The tourism curse
• Is tourism good for developing countries?
XVI. WORK
Practice questions
1. Changing Jobs
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is the
key to securing a good job.
3. Societal Contribution
Doctor, nurse, and teachers make a great contribution to the society and should be paid
more than entertainment and sports celebrities.
4. Part-Time Jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free time.
5. Job Mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their workplace.
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
6. Robots and Jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans.
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want.
8. Job Satisfaction/Security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others
believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is more
important.
9. Human Capital Flight
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their
own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems do this cause? What are the solutions?
Main points
1. Career choosing
The job market today is very competitive, and it is best to choose a career or field of
study early in order to get a good job later in life.
Reasons to choose a career early Reasons against choosing a career early

• It can lay a foundation for tertiary • Many factors including family,
study. compensation or social
• They can be well-prepared with responsibility can affect
subtle knowledge and experience individuals’ career later in life.
for their future professional life. • Many people par excellence
• It can give young people a sense experimented with a large number
of security. of subject areas and professions
before settling on one.
• Most teenagers are not mature
enough to recognize what they
want to do in the future.
REFERENCE:
• Make up your mind: does choosing a career early help, or hinder?
• Why is career planning important at an early stage?
2. Interviews
First impressions are important. Some people think that doing well in interviews is the
key to securing a good job.
Other factors contribute to

The importance of interview
occupational decisions
• Job interviews provide an • Salaries and other benefits that the
opportunity for candidates and company offer might not meet the
their potential employer to decide expectation of a potential
if their skills and attitudes align candidate.
with the company's needs. • The relationship with colleagues
• It is a chance for applicants to ask plays an important role.
questions to understand the • Job market is competitive and
workplace culture. there might be more potential
• Candidates can display their candidates.
professionalism to interviewers.
REFERENCE:
• 10 reasons candidates drop out of your hiring process — and what you can do
• Explanation about the importance of job interviews
3. Societal Contribution
Doctors or nurses make a great contribution to the society and should be paid more than
entertainment and sports celebrities.
Reasons to support higher paid for Reasons why public figures should be
social workers paid the same
• Health professionals are • Artists help people from
vulnerable to many diseases in the tediousness and monotony.
course of providing care to their • Sportspeople and artists contribute
patients. to many aspects of society.
• They often have to work nightshift • Celebrities tend to have short
with heavy workload. career than general practitioners.
• These jobs are often associated
with intense training and job
placement during and post-
college.
REFERENCE:
• Health workers deserve higher pay. The economics are grim.
• Essential but undervalued: millions of health care workers aren’t getting the
pay or respect they deserve in the covid-19 pandemic
• Why pay artists? Hey, would you do your job for free?
4. Part-Time Jobs
Many children are encouraged by their parents to get a part time job in their free time.
Advantages of working parttime jobs Disadvantages of working parttime jobs

• Minors can learn how to manage • Many part time jobs are not related
their finance. to their future career.
• They can learn time management • There is a possibility of higher
skills. rates of absenteeism and less
• They can gain useful, marketable school involvement.
skills such as improving their • This may result in study
communication, learning how to distraction.
handle people, developing
interview skills and filling out job
applications.
REFERENCE:
• Teenagers and part-time jobs: benefits, drawbacks and tips
5. Job Mobility
Information technology enables many people to do their work outside their workplace.
Do the advantages of this mobility outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of working parttime jobs Disadvantages of working parttime jobs

• HR professionals can network • An upsurge in the use of
with peers, keep pace with communication applications might
competitors, and help attract make enterprises vulnerable to
clients whose values align with the cyber-criminals.
employer brand. • Postings from former or current
• Providing employees with a way employees, or even clients casting
to connect with co-workers to the employer in a negative light,
solve or report problems. may damage the employer's
• This trend can reduce overhead reputation.
costs significantly. • Some employees may spend an
inordinate amount of time on
social media for personal reasons
while at work.
REFERENCE:
• What are the pros and cons of using social media in the workplace? What
should we include in a policy?
6. Robots and Jobs

Machines are taking over more and more jobs previously done by humans.
Advantages of machinery Disadvantages of machinery

•Machines generate more • The pollution caused by machine
production with minor energy and increases, generating waste,
within a limited time. augmenting power or oil use.
• Improvement in the quality and • The craftsman with the superior
quantity of products, as a machine, skill may likely disappear.
ensure high and large production • It is said that machinery creates
rate. unemployment simply because one
• Machines can ensure employees’ machine can take the place of
safety in many cases. several men.
REFERENCE:
• Advantages and disadvantages of the use of machinery
• Millions of Americans have lost jobs in the pandemic—and robots and ai are
replacing them faster than ever
7. Retirement age
Some countries allow old people to work to any age that they want.
Advantages of no retirement age Disadvantages of no retirement age
threshold threshold
• This trend may provide the senior • Senior workers may be
with extra income to cover their predisposed to certain health issues
living expenses. which may adversely affect their
• The senior can combat boredom. productivity.
• Many elder employees are • Labour market is already
expertise in their fields in which competitive, thus, working without
they can deliver experienced a retirement age may deprive the
lessons to junior workers. job opportunities of young people.
• For workers who are either not
passionate about their work, or
who are working in a job that is
physically demanding or extremely
stressful, the idea of keeping that
job for longer is not a pleasant one.
REFERENCE:
• The pros and cons of working past 65
8. Job Satisfaction/Security
Some people argue that job satisfaction is more important than job security, while others
believe that they cannot always expect job satisfaction and a permanent job is more
important.
Jos satisfaction Job security

• Dissatisfaction in the workplace • Today’s high costs of living and
might also cause several physical the effects of the pandemic means
and mental health issues. that a sense of security is more
• Keeping employees satisfied can important than a sense of
lead to higher sales, lower costs, satisfaction.
and a stronger bottom line. • Job security will translate into a
• Employees who are more satisfied lower employee turnover, which
with their job can increase job will also mean a reduced need for
productivity. recruitment.
• Established job security also
boosts the organization's reputation
and image.
REFERENCE:
• Importance of employee job security for workplace success
• What is job satisfaction and why is it important?
9. Human Capital Flight
An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their
own poorer countries to work in developed countries.
What problems do this cause? What are the solutions?
Problems of brain drain Solutions for brain drain

• The countries of origin will lack • Governments can implement an
human resources to achieve fiscal policies to recruit highly
economic development targets. trained talents graduated from
• Remittances sent home from overseas.
labours overseas can also cause • Governments can offer more
appreciation in the exchange rate. lucrative salaries along with
• Developing countries will receive incentives to skilled professionals
less revenues from income tax. to entice them to live and work in
their country.
• The government should reward the
deserving candidates with
scholarships and increase facilities
for research-oriented activities.
REFERENCE:
• Brain drain problem
• Causes of brain drain and solutions: the taiwan experience
XVII. EXTREMELY HARD QUESTIONS
Practice questions
1. One world government

Some people think that the world should have one government rather than national
governments. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages??
2. Competitiveness for Men & Women

Some claim that men are naturally more competitive than women.
3. Crime and Human Nature

Scientists believe that by studying behaviour of 3 years old children, people can predict if
that child can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?
4. Single sex or mixed education

Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending. Others feel
the genders ought to be separated.
5. Present or future orientation

"Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people think that the
present time is more important. How important is it for individuals and the country to
think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
6. An egalitarian society
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and
personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in
egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible
only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?
Main points
1. One World Government
Some people think that the world should have one government rather than national
governments. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Advantages of a global governance Disadvantages of a global governance

• Individuals would benefit from • It might entail the loss of self-
standardised legislation. determination.
• It could encourage member • There is a risk of member nations
countries to contribute collectively abusing their power to serve their
to solve common problems. own interests rather than those of
• It can facilitate cross-national the entire world.
travelling as tourists may not have • There may be a loss of individual
to acquire cumbersome travel cultural identities because of
documents. homogenization, especially
• It could potentially remove relating to language.
existing conflicts between nations.
REFERENCE:
• Could a world government actually work?
• World government
• It is time to seriously consider the advantages of a world federal government
2. Competitiveness for Men & Women

Some claim that men are naturally more competitive than women.
Men are naturally more competitive Women can be as competitive as men

• Men are genetically more • Women have inherent biological
aggressive than women. duties that are unique to them,
which render them unable to
compete as often as men.
• Women simply have different
outlets for their competitive
qualities.
• Contemporary society has
witnessed modern women rapidly
progressing in professional and
personal spheres.
REFERENCE:
• Why men are more violent than women
• Why do some studies show that women are less competitive than men?
• Are women really less competitive than men?
3. Crime and Human Nature
Scientists believe that by studying behaviour of 3 years old children, people can predict if
that child can become criminals in the future.
To what extent is crime a product of human nature? Is it possible to stop children from
growing to be a criminal?
Crime is determined by genetics How to stop children from turning to

criminal life
• It is very common for the children • A large proportion of criminal
of violent criminals to display behaviour can be prevented by a
some degree of abnormal supportive family environment.
behaviour as children and later in • If young individuals receive proper
life. education, they might develop
• Human beings may acquire certain their cognition to distinguish from
characteristics that are inherited right to wrong and avoid illegal
from parents. activities.
• Criminals tend to have aggressive
behaviours when they were
children.
REFERENCE:
• Children of organized crime offenders: like father, like child?
• When crime is a family affair
• How to turn children into criminals
• Preventing involvement in crime
4. Single sex or mixed education

Some feel that schools should be mixed with both girls and boys attending. Others feel
the genders ought to be separated.
Separate Sex at School Mixed Sex at School

• There will be a more suitable • Students will get to socialise with
curriculum for students. the opposite sex more often,
• A more relaxing environment as improving their communication
students are not pressured to skills
impress the opposite sex. • With both boys and girls being
• Breaking gender stereotypes. given the same opportunity at
school, it could potentially bridge
the equality gap.
• It can better prepare students for
the real world.
REFERENCE:
• Single-sex schools for children – pros and cons that parents should know
• Mixed gender classes vs the single gender classes: who wins?
5. Present or future orientation

"Tomorrow is the most important thing in our life." However, some people think that the
present time is more important.
How important is it for individuals and the country to think and do something for the
future? What is your own opinion?
The importance of future preparation Personal Opinion

• Being future-oriented helps • Being present-focused is a
individuals and a nation to handle precursor to sustainable future
upcoming calamities. development
• Being future-oriented helps • Being present-focused allows
individuals become motivated and individuals to quickly address the
focused on their goals. problems at hand.
REFERENCE:
• Are you present or future oriented?
• Is it better to be future-oriented or present-oriented?
6. An egalitarian society
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and
personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in
egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible
only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?
Directly proportional relationship Non-proportional Relationship
• As equality is upheld, personal • Equality is only one of the factor
success can be increased as people determining one’s success as
are given equal opportunity to evident by the limited number of
succeed successful individuals, despite the
majority of the population being
treated equally.
REFERENCE:
• Better for everyone? Egalitarian culture and social wellbeing in europe
• How can we create an egalitarian world?
KHÓA HỌC CÁ NHÂN HÓA TẠI IELTS XUÂN PHI
1. Khóa học IELTS Writing Cá nhân hóa

Khóa học sẽ chia làm hai Level:
❖ Khóa Zero dành cho:
▪ Học viên yếu hoặc mất gốc kỹ năng Writing muốn cải thiện trình độ một cách bài bản
❖ Khóa Chuyên sâu hướng tới:
▪ Học viên đang luyện ôn thi sắp tới mà:
Không được chấm, chữa bài viết chuẩn
Chưa nắm chắc cách viết, chiến thuật viết bài IELTS Writing
Muốn củng cố kiến thức chuyên sâu để bật hẳn kỹ năng Writing tự tin bước vào kỳ thi sắp
tới
➢ Chi tiết khóa Writing vui lòng xem tại địa chỉ sau: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/hoc-
online/khoa-hoc-ielts-online-writing-ca-nhan-hoa/
2. Khóa học IELTS 4 kỹ năng Cá nhân hóa

Khóa học sẽ chia làm hai Level:
❖ Khóa Starter dành cho:
▪ Học viên yếu cả 4 kỹ năng hoặc từ mất gốc, bắt đầu muốn học IELTS một cách bài bản,
vững chắc
➢ Chi tiết khóa 4 kỹ năng từ mất gốc vui lòng xem tại địa chỉ
sau: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/khoa-hoc-ielts-online-4-ky-nang-ca-nhan-hoa-danh-cho-
nguoi-moi-bat-dau/
❖ Khóa Bứt tốc chuyên sâu hướng tới:

▪ Học viên trình độ 5.0 có mục tiêu lên 6.0
▪ Học viên trình độ 6.0 có mục tiêu lên 6.5+
▪ Học viên đang luyện ôn thi sắp tới mà:
Không có sự hỗ trợ luyện Speaking chuẩn
Chưa biết vận dụng chiến thuật, tips làm bài Reading và Listening
Không được chấm, chữa bài viết chuẩn
Chưa nắm chắc cách viết, chiến thuật viết bài IELTS Writing
Muốn củng cố kiến thức chuyên sâu để tự tin bước vào kỳ thi sắp tới
➢ Chi tiết khóa 4 kỹ năng Bứt tốc vui lòng xem tại địa chỉ
sau: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/khoa-hoc-ielts-online-level-5-0-6-0/
3. Các khóa học Cá nhân hóa khác
❖ IELTS Speaking: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/hoc-online/khoa-hoc-ielts-online-speaking-
ca-nhan-hoa/
❖ IELTS Listening & Reading: https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/hoc-online/khoa-hoc-ielts-
online-listening-reading-ca-nhan-hoa/
4. Thông tin liên hệ

❖ Học viện IELTS Xuân Phi
❖ Địa chỉ: Tòa nhà Center Point, 219 Trung Kính, Q. Cầu Giấy, Hà Nội
❖ Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/ieltsxuanphi/
❖ Group hỗ trợ chữa bài miễn phí :
https://www.facebook.com/groups/odaychuabaiwritingmienphi
❖ Group từ vựng hay IELTS : https://www.facebook.com/groups/tuvungielts
❖ Website (có hỗ trợ hỏi đáp trực tuyến): https://ieltsxuanphi.edu.vn/
❖ Hotline tư vấn miễn phí: 0916.300.750
❖ Email: xuanphiielts@gmail.com

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4. The Importance of Zoos

4. The Importance of Zoos

Reasons to support the importance of

Reasons for a decrease in the number

2. Museums and Art Galleries

3. Government Support for Artists

4. The Role of Art in Society

5. Teaching Art to Children

Reasons to support public art Reasons against public art

2. Museums and art galleries

Advantages of supporting local Disadvantages of supporting local

Government funding to artists Private funding to artists

4. The Role of Art In Society

Causes for art oblivion Solutions for art oblivion

5. Teaching Art to Children

The importance of learning other

1. Businesses Social Responsibility

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

3. Climate Change and Business

5. Advertising New Products

1. Businesses Social Responsibility

Reasons for greater business Reasons against greater business

2. The Disappearance of Small Businesses

Advantages of market predominant by Disadvantages of market predominant

Climate change reforms affects Climate change reforms as an

Effects of business marketing Measures to promote sales

5. Advertising New Products

Problems with claiming products are

1. Free access to university

3. Horticulture and domestication

Problems with an exemption of tuition

Reasons for compulsory full-time Reasons against compulsory full-time

3. Horticulture and domestication

Advantages of horticulture and animal Disadvantages of horticulture and

Becoming useful for society Achieve personal goals

Study of food science and preparation Other important subjects

1. Watching Live Events

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

4. Impacts Of Video Games

Reasons to support live events Reasons against live events

2. Watching TV and Movies Alone

Advantages of watching programs Disadvantages of watching programs

A ban on extreme sports Freedom to play any sports

4. Impacts Of Video Games

Problems of over-play computer games Solutions for over-play computer games

Advantages of independent movies Disadvantages of independent movies

2. Marine Natural Habitats

2. Marine Natural Habitats

Advantages of marine habitats Disadvantages of marine habitats

A car-free day Other effective methods

Problems of overpopulation in cities Solutions for overpopulation in cities

Reasons to support nuclear energy Reasons against nuclear energy

1. Public Health Promotion

2. Private Health Services

4. Overconsumption Of Soft Drink

5. Physical Activities in School

Public health promotion Treatment

2. Private Health Services

Advantages of medical care provided Disadvantages of medical care provided

Government ensure that their citizens

4. Overconsumption of Soft Drink

Reasons for an increase in soft-drink Solutions for an increase in soft-drink