Basics of Engineering Technology

GE 101
Second Term 2008/2009

Instructor:
Dr. Khaled Mohamed Soliman
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
Industrial Engineering Program
KSU University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering at Al Kharj
 Introduction of Staff
• Instructor: Dr. Khaled M. Soliman
• Office: 202
• Phone: 5455860 ext. 115
• E-mail: ksoliman@ksu.edu.sa
• Home page: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa\75806
• Office Hours: Tuesday 11:00 – 12:00 A.M.
• Class Schedule: Tuesday 10:00 – 11:00 A.M. in Room #301
• Lab Work Schedule: Tuesday 01:00 – 03:00 P.M.

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

2
2008/2009
 Textbooks
• Textbook: Technology of Metal Working, (Arabic
Version), Heckler & Koch, West Germany.

• Reference: Workshop Process, Practices, and Materials,

Bruce J. Black, Edward Arnold and Workshop
Technology, W.A.J. Chapman, Edward Arnold.

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

3
2008/2009
 Course (Catalog) Description

• Course (catalog) description: Basics of Engineering

Technology, GE 101, 2 Credits Hours. Introduction, Function
and planning of workshop, Properties of materials and their
applications, Workshop metrology, Basic bench work
operations, Machining operations: tools, equipment and
machinery used in basic workshop processes: turning, milling,
grinding, forging, sheet-work, Welding processes: gas
welding, arc welding, brazing and soldering, Casting
processes: sand casting, die casting, Industrial Safety.

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

4
2008/2009
 Course Objectives
The objectives of this course consist essentially to:

o Learn and submit an application of the basic terminology of

manufacturing processes

o Become familiar with some of the basic metal cutting, metal forming,
casting, welding and measurement.

) The objectives of the course will be met by classroom lecture

( one per week) and a laboratory work (one session, two hours
per week).
College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.
5
2008/2009
 Course Contents

The topics covered in this course include:

ƒ Industrial Safety (Chapter #1)

ƒ Engineering Materials (Chapter #2)

ƒ Measurement (Chapter #3)

ƒ Hand Cutting and Metal Forming (Chapter #4)

ƒ Main Machine Tools (Chapter #5)

ƒ Casting (Chapter #6)

ƒ Welding (Chapter #7)

ƒ CNC and Nontraditional Machines (Chapter #8)

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

6
2008/2009
 Course Grade

– 1st mid term 15%

– 2nd mid term 15%

– Assignments and Projects 10%

– Lab Attendance and Notebook 10%

– Lecture Attendance and Oral Exam 10%

– Final Exam 40%

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

7
2008/2009
 Basics of Engineering Technology
GE 101
Second Term 2008/2009

Chapter 1

Industrial Safety

Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering at Al Kharj
 Lecture Outline

• Introduction

• Personal safety equipment

• Safety parameters for workshop place

• First medical aid in case of accidents

• Evaluation of industrial safety

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

9
2008/2009
 Introduction

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
Introduction

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

10
2008/2009
Personal safety equipment

‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬

Personal safety equipment

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

11
2008/2009
 ‫‪Introduction‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫أهﻤﻴﺔ و دور اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫* اﺗﺒﺎع أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ وﻗﻮع اﻟﺤﻮادث أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‬

‫ﻳﺨﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎل وﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫* أهﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫* أﺿﺮار اﻟﺤﻮادث و اﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎت ﻳﺘﻌﺪى ﺿﺮرهﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ و اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ آﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻷﻣﻦ و اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮك ﻣﻮﺟﻮد داﺋﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أوﺟﻪ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Sources of Hazardous in Industries‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫•‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ إﺻﺎﺑﺔ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﺎآﻦ •‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬
‫‪%5‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮأس‬
‫‪%25‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
‫‪%8‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫‪%21‬‬ ‫اﻻﻻت‬
‫‪%10‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰع‬
‫‪%20‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻮط‬
‫‪%3‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰراع‬

‫‪%15‬‬ ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫‪%14‬‬ ‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﺑﺸﻲء ﻳﺴﻘﻂ‬

‫‪%15‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪%12‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ‬

‫‪%34‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪم‬ ‫‪%8‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺜﺮ‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Personal Safety and General Precautions‬‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ و اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ارﺗﺪاء اﻷدوات اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ و اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻮاس اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻟﺒﺲ اﻷوﻓﺮول اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻮرﺷﺔ وﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام راﺑﻄﺔ ﻋﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺪم ارﺗﺪاء اﻟﺸﻤﺎغ وإذا آﺎن اﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺮأس ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺴﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪوارة‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﺮﺷﺎة ﻋﻨﺪ ازاﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻳﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺣﻤﻞ اﻷﺛﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 Protective Clothing

Chemical protection coverall

coverall

Leather Welder’s Apron

(Welding) Foot protection (Steel Toe)

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

15
2008/2009
 Head & Face Protection

• The head, face and ears are all continually exposed to potential
dangers when working in the workshop.

• Protector will help to provide a professional level of safety.

Head Protection includes: Hats and caps in both ABS and polycarbonate.

Hard Hat

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

16
2008/2009
 Head & Face Protection
Face Protection includes : Visor carriers in both cap-attachable and brow
guard styles with a wide range of visors.

Headgear & Visors

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

17
2008/2009
 Hearing Protection
Hearing Protection includes: Earplugs and Earmuffs

Disposable Ear Plugs Reusable Ear Plugs

Ear Muffs

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

18
2008/2009
 Eye Protection

Eyes at work have to be protected from assault by a wide variety of dusts, particles and
liquids as well as infra-red radiation from welding or solar generated ultra violet light when
outdoors.

Safety Glasses
Welding/Heat & Electrical Arc Hat

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

19
2008/2009
 Hand Protection
Work gloves must be job fitted to ensure that they are comfortable and suited to the task at
hand.

Gloves Chemical Resistant

Leather

Insulated/Welding/
Temperature Resistant
Cut Resistant

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

20
2008/2009
 ‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻷﺛﻘﺎل‬

Lifting

Word Message:
Heavy object. To avoid muscle strain or
back injury, use lifting aids and proper
lifting techniques when removing or
replacing.

Two Person Lift

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

21
2008/2009
 ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

Safety parameters for workshop

place

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

22
2008/2009
 ‫‪Location Safety and Warning Signs‬‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ و ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ارﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﺗﺤﺪد ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﻄﺮ آﺎﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ أﺟﻬﺰة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ و ﻣﺠﺴﺎت اﻟﺪﺧﺎن و رﺷﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﻤﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ واﻹﺿﺎءة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻔﺎف أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻮرﺷﺔ و ﺧﻠﻮهﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت و ﻏﻴﺮهﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺴﺮب ﻏﺎزى أو هﻮاﺋﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎآﻴﻨﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎدة ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺘﻔﺠﺮة‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 Safety Symbols

Example of danger symbols for warning message

Symbole de danger pour un message

d'avertissement

Example of symbol of dangerous products to identify

dangerous substances
(Corrosive, toxic products.).
Symbole de produits dangereux pour identifier des substances dangereuses
•

(produits corrosifs, toxiques).

•

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

24
2008/2009
 Safety Symbols

‫ﻣﺎدة ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
Poisonous
The poison symbol is self-explanatory. Whereas most chemicals are fairly
dangerous if ingested or inhaled, many of these are dangerous even on
contact.

‫ﻣﺎدة آﺎوﻳﺔ‬
Corrosive
Avoid contact with the skin. Bear in mind that these can (under some
ciurcumstances) rust chemical cupboards.

‫ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺘﻔﺠﺮة‬
Explosive
Again, fairly self-explanatory, though fairly seldom seen in the average lab. Bear
in mind that noise and movement can also trigger explosion (not just
sparks/flames!).

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

25
2008/2009
 Safety Symbols
‫ﻣﺎدة ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬
Flammable or extremely flammable
Chemicals to be stored in flame-resistant cupboards. Volatile solvents can be a particular
problem as they are prone to spread around from unsealed containers. This also covers
pyrophoric materials (that catch fire spontaneously on exposure to air).

‫ أو ﺣﺮوق‬/‫ﻣﺎدة ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎت و‬

Irritant or Harmful
This symbol covers a wide range of (sometimes relatively minor) hazards - with precautions
such as avoid contact with the skin, do not breathe, etc. - best to refer to relevant data sheet
for details.

‫ﻣﺎدة ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬

Oxidising chemical
Oxidising chemicals are materials that spontaneously evolve
oxygen at room temperature or with slight heating, or that promote
combustion. To be kept away from flammable chemicals at all
costs!

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

26
2008/2009
 ‫ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺸﻌﺔ‬/ ‫إﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت‬

Laboratory equipment that is or may be contaminated

The new supplementary radiation warning symbol - 15 February 2007

College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.

27
2008/2009
 ‫‪First medical aid in case of accidents‬‬

‫اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺪوث ﺣﻮادث‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻌﻖ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮوق‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻌﺎف‪:‬‬
‫• إن أﻣﻜﻦ‪ :‬ﻏﺴﻞ ﻳﺪي اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻒ‪ ،‬وﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ أﻳﺔ ﺟﺮوح ﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وارﺗﺪاء ﻗﻔﺎزات‬
‫ﻣﻌﻘﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم ﺑﺮوز ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺮح‪.‬‬
‫• اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮح ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺷﺎش ﻣﻌﻘﻢ أو ﻗﻤﺎش ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻟﻤﺪة‬
‫‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫• ارﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺮح‪.‬‬
‫• إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﻨﺰﻳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫• أﺿﻒ ﺿﻤﺎدات أﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوﻟﻰ )ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻷوﻟﻰ(‪.‬‬
‫• اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬراع أو اﻟﻔﺨﺬ؟‬
‫• اﺳﺘﺨﺪم رﺑﺎﻃًﺎ ﺿﺎﻏﻄًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻹﺳﻌﺎف‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪:‬‬
‫إذًا ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻔﺘﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﻳﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﻻ ﻳﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺗﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء‬

‫آﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب؟‬

‫آﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء؟‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪ /‬ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺴﺎس‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬إﻟﻰ إرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺼﺪر واﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‪ :‬ﻟﺼﻮت ﺧﺮوج اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻒ أو اﻟﻔﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹﺣﺴﺎس‪ :‬ﺑﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻒ أو اﻟﻔﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺧﻼل ‪ 5‬ﺛﻮان ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮأس ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺬﻗﻦ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﻚ ﻓﻲ وﺟﻮد إﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻔﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ اﻹﻧﻘﺎذي‬
‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺼﻌﻖ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫اﻹﺳﻌﺎف‪:‬‬
‫• ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ أو إﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ و ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﺪة و ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺷﻲء ﻋﺎزل )ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺸﺒﻴﺔ‪ ,‬ﺣﺒﻞ‪(...,‬‬
‫• إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎب ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 4‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫• ﺗﺪﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﺑﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ و ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام زﺟﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎء ﺳﺎﺧﻦ‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺤﺮوق‬
‫اﻹﺳﻌﺎف)ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫• اﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮد اﻟﻤﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺼﺎب ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﺎرد أو ﻓﻮﻃﺔ ﻣﺒﻠﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 10‬دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‪.‬‬
‫• اﻧﺰع اﻟﺨﻮاﺗﻢ وﺳﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ واﻟﺤﺰام وراﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻖ إن وﺟﺪت‪.‬‬
‫• ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﺎش ﻧﻈﻴﻒ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻻﺻﻖ‪.‬‬
‫• اﺳﺘﺪع اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺮوق اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪﺑﻴﺮ اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎب ﺑﺤﺮوق آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• اﺳﻜﺐ آﻤﻴﺔ واﻓﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻮق اﻟﺤﺮق ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮوق‬
‫• أﻣﺎ إذا ﺷﻤﻠﺖ اﻟﺤﺮوق ﻋﻴﻮن اﻟﻤﺼﺎب اﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 20‬دﻗﻴﻘﺔ أو ﺣﺘﻰ و ﺻﻮل ﺳﻴﺎرة‬
‫اﻻﺳﻌﺎف‬
‫اﻧﺘﺒﻪ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻻ ﺗﻨﺰع اﻟﻤﻼﺑﺲ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﺮﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻻﺗﻠﻤﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻔﻘﺎﻗﻴﻊ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﺎدات ذات وﺑﺮ أو زﻏﺐ‪ .‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أرﺑﻄﺔ ﻻﺻﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪32‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‪:‬‬
‫• أرﺑﻄﺔ ﺷﺎش ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫• أرﺑﻄﺔ ﺿﺎﻏﻄﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫• ﺷﺎش ﻣﻌﻘﻢ ﻟﻠﺠﺮوح‪.‬‬
‫• ﺷﺎش ﻣﻌﻘﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻻﺻﻖ ﻟﻠﺤﺮوق‪.‬‬
‫• ﺷﺎش ﻣﻌﻘﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻗﻄﻦ ﻃﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻻﺻﻖ )ﺑﻼﺳﺘﺮ(‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻘﺺ وﻣﺸﺮط‪.‬‬
‫• ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ )ﻣﺎء أآﺴﺠﻴﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺣﺮارة )ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ﻃﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪First Aid‬‬
‫• ﺣﻘﻦ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬
‫• ﻗﻔﺎزات ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• رﺑﺎط ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺟﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• أدوﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ )ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‪/‬ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ‪/‬ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.(...../‬‬
‫• ﺗﻀﺎف أﺷﻴﺎء أﺧﺮى ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ وﻣﺪى ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
‫‪Safety Precautions in Casting Workshop‬‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ورش اﻟﺴﺒﺎآﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻳﺠﺐ ارﺗﺪاء ﻣﻼﺑﺲ و ﻧﻈﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ واﻗﻴﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺻﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺬر اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻣﺒﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺪم وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮآﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﺐ وﻋﺪم وﺿﻊ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬وﺿﻊ أﺛﻘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ذات اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮآﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Safety Precautions in Welding Workshop‬‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ورش اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻳﺠﺐ وﻗﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻮن واﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎرة أو اﻟﻘﻨﺎع اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ارﺗﺪاء ﻗﻔﺎز ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺮر اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺪم ارﺗﺪاء ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺖ أو أى ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﺤﺮص ﺷﺪﻳﺪ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺄﻣﻮن وﻋﺪم وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ وﺿﻊ أﻓﻘﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺻﻤﺎم اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﺒﻂء واﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام و اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎز‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ دوﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﺨﺮاﻃﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Safety Precautions in Forging Workshops‬‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ورش اﻟﺤﺪادة‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ أن رؤوس اﻟﻤﻄﺎرق واﻟﺸﻮاآﻴﺶ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺟﻴﺪا ﻓﻰ اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﺪم ﻃﺮق اﻟﻤﻌﺪن وهﻮ ﺑﺎرد أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻼﻗﻂ اﻟﺤﺪادة أو ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻓﻼت اﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋﺪم وﻗﻮف اﻟﺤﺪاد وﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق آﻞ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق ﺧﻄﺮة وﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻋﺪم ﻟﻤﺲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪادة وآﺬﻟﻚ أدوات اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث‬
‫ﺣﺮوق ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Safety Precautions in Turning Workshops‬‬
‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ورش اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﺟﻴﺪا ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ادارة اﻟﻈﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ادارة اﻟﻤﺨﺮﻃﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﺪم ازاﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻳﺶ أﺛﻨﺎء دوران اﻟﻤﺨﺮﻃﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ أوﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋﺪم ﻋﻜﺲ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﻈﺮف آﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺪوراﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻐﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ازاﻟﺔ أى زﻳﺎدات أو أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ و اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻮهﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻜﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﺿﺒﻂ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )اﻟﻤﺸﻮار( ﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪهﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻄﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺮف أو أى ﻣﻦ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺨﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬وﺿﻊ ادوات اﻟﻘﻄﻊ و اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ دوﻻب اﻟﻌﺪة اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬وإﺑﻌﺎد أدوات اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﻈﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Evaluation of industrial safety‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺤﻮادث = ﻋﺪد اﻟﺤﻮادث اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ * ‪200,000‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫ﻼ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻠﻮن ‪1750000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬و ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﻬﺎ ‪7‬ﺣﻮادث ﺳﻨﻮﻳًﺎ‪.‬‬

‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ‪850‬ﻋﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫•‬

‫=‪8‬‬ ‫‪200,000 * 7‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺤﻮادث =‬

‫‪1750000‬‬

‫و ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ‪ 8‬أﻧﻪ ‪ 8‬ﻣﺮات اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮد ﻓﻲ ‪ 200000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ أن ‪200000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺪة‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻓﺘﺮاض أن ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 100‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻠﻮن ‪ 40‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴًﺎ و ﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 50‬أﺳﺒﻮﻋًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬
 ‫‪Evaluation‬‬
‫‪Evaluationofof‬‬
‫‪industrial‬‬ ‫‪safety‬‬
‫‪industrial‬‬ ‫‪safety‬‬

‫ﻃﺮق ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮة اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﺷﺪة اﻟﺤﻮادث = ﻋﺪد اﻷﻳﺎم اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ * ‪200,000‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‬

‫( ﻋﺪد اﻷﻳﺎم اﻟﻀﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺤﻮادث ﻓﻲ آﻞ ‪ 200000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫ﻼ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻠﻮن ‪600000‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬و ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ وﺟﺪ أن ﻋﺪد اﻷﻳﺎم‬

‫إذا آﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ‪50‬ﻋﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة ‪ 75‬ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫= ‪25‬ﻳﻮم‬ ‫‪200000 * 75‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪة اﻟﺤﻮادث =‬

‫‪600000‬‬

‫‪College of Engineering at Al Kharj, ME Dept.‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
‫‪2008/2009‬‬