BEEE304L

Power Systems
Engineering

Module – 04: Performance of Transmission Line

Lecture – 02: Short and Medium Transmission Lines
Dr. ARUN S L
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, SELECT
VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, 632014
 Short Transmission Line

❖ The sending end voltage and current can be written from the
equivalent network as

❖ Comparing the coefficients of equations, the constants for short

transmission line are

❖ Checking the values of A, B, C and D with the relation

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 2
 Short Transmission Line

❖ The ABCD constants can be used for calculation of regulation of the line as follows:

❖ To determine % η of transmission, the following relation is made use of:

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 3
 Medium Length Lines
❖ It has been mentioned previously that transmission lines with lengths between 80 km and 160 km are
categorized as medium length lines where the parameters are assumed to be lumped.
❖ The shunt capacitance is either assumed to be concentrated at the middle of the line or half of the total
capacitance is concentrated at each end of the line.
❖ The two configurations are known as nominal-T and nominal-π respectively.

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 4
 Medium Length Lines

Nominal-T

❖ The vector diagram for lagging power factor load is shown in figure.
While analyzing the medium length lines using nominal-T, it is
preferable to take receiving end current as the reference vector as
the calculations become relatively easier as compared to taking Vr as
the reference.

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 5
 Medium Length Lines

Nominal-T
❖ To calculate regulation it is required to calculate 𝑉𝑟′ the receiving end no load voltage keeping 𝑉𝑠 as
calculated above fixed in magnitude. The nominal-T circuit for this condition reduces to the following:

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 6
 Medium Length Lines
To determine A, B, C, D constants for nominal-T

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 7
 Medium Length Lines
Nominal-π

❖ The vector diagram for lagging power factor load is shown in

figure. While analyzing the medium length lines using nominal-π,
it is preferable to take receiving end current as the reference
vector as the calculations become relatively easier as compared
to taking Vr as the reference.

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 8
 Medium Length Lines

Nominal- π
❖ To calculate regulation it is required to calculate 𝑉𝑟′ the receiving end no load voltage keeping 𝑉𝑠 as
calculated above fixed in magnitude. The nominal-π circuit for this condition reduces to the following:

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 9
 Medium Length Lines
To determine A, B, C, D constants for nominal-π

Dr. Arun S L, Asst. Prof., SELECT, VIT BEEE304L - Power Systems Engineering 10