Biology Today and Tomorrow Without Physiology 5th Edition Starr Test Bank 1

CHAPTER 09—PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology 5th Edition

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Multiple Choice
1. The failure of which organ affected by a defective CFTR protein is likely to cause death in cystic fibrosis patients?
a. lungs
b. intestines
c. heart
d. liver
e. reproductive system
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES: 9.1 Menacing Mucus
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.01 - Describe the function of the CFTR protein and the consequences of
the CF deletion in the CFTR gene.
2. In the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, ____.

a. chloride ions are stuck inside epithelial cells
b. water is excessively abundant on epithelial surfaces
c. epithelial surfaces are coated with slippery mucus
d. excess water and chloride ions are pumped out of epithelial cells
e. chloride ions are not transported out of epithelial cells, and epithelial surfaces are dry
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand: Analysis
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3. ____ raises miscarriage risks by 2-10% and is rarely performed.

a. Conventional ultrasound
b. Fetoscopy
c. 4D ultrasound
d. Amniocentesis
e. CVS
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 9.9 Genetic Screening
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.09 - Demonstrate the importance of genetic screening.
4. ____ is the most fatal genetic disorder in the United States.

a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Huntington’s disease
c. Sickle cell anemia
d. Anhidrotic dysplasia
e. Color blindness
ANSWER: a
5. The mutated gene that causes cystic fibrosis is ____.

a. CFTR
b. CRFT
c. CTFR
d. CRTF
e. CFRT
ANSWER: a
6. The most common type of mutation that cause cystic fibrosis is a(n) ____.
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. base-pair substitution
d. gene duplication
e. transformation
ANSWER: a
7. In a person with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR mutation causes the protein to be ____.
a. embedded in the plasma membrane
b. destroyed in the endoplasmic reticulum
c. shuttled to the nuclear membrane instead of the plasma membrane
d. shuttled to the plasma membrane instead of the nuclear membrane
e. expelled from the cell by exocytosis before it can do its job
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand
8. The main problem for those with cystic fibrosis involves ____.
a. mucus sticking to dry surfaces
b. jerky muscle contractions
c. constant thirst
d. salt accumulations between tissues
e. low pH in tissues preventing proper enzymatic activity
ANSWER: a
9. When Gregor Mendel first started his genetics experiments, he ____.

a. knew about the existence of genes
b. knew that some plants "breed true"
c. knew that genes were responsible for observable traits
d. allowed the pea plants to self-fertilize
e. expected all true breeding crosses to produce offspring with intermediate phenotypes
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 9.2 Tracking Traits
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.02 - Outline Mendel’s experimental approach to studying inheritance.
10. Observable traits are known in genetics as ____.

a. phenotypes
b. genotypes
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous
e. homozygous genotypes
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: REF: 9.2 Tracking Traits
11. Various forms of the same gene are called ____.

a. genotypes
b. alleles
c. somatic
d. recessive
e. phenotypes
ANSWER: b
12. When two alleles of the same gene are identical, the individual carrying those alleles is said to be ____.
a. dominant
b. heterozygous
c. recessive
d. genotypical
e. homozygous
ANSWER: e
13. When two alleles of the same gene are different, the individual carrying those alleles is said to be ____.
a. recessive
b. heterozygous
c. phenotypic
d. somatic
e. homozygous
ANSWER: b
14. A(n) ____ is an offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a given trait.
a. homozygote
b. recessive
c. hybrid

d. phenotype
e. genotype
ANSWER: c
15. An individual's ____ determines its observable ____.

a. phenotype; genotype
b. genotype; phenotype
c. gene location; allele
d. heterozygote; homozygote
e. homozygote; heterozygote
ANSWER: b
16. An allele is ____ if its effect masks that of a ____ allele paired with it.
a. recessive; codominant
b. codominant; recessive
c. recessive; dominant
d. dominant; recessive
e. incompletely recessive; dominant
ANSWER: d
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.03 - Using a Punnett square, illustrate the Mendelian inheritance patterns
of a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross.
17. Red coat is dominant in horses and white coat is recessive. In a cross between a homozygous dominant red-coated
horse and a white-coated horse, what genotype(s) would be observed in the offspring?
a. all homozygous recessive
b. all homozygous dominant
c. half homozygous dominant and half homozygous recessive
d. all heterozygous
e. half heterozygous and half homozygous dominant
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Apply
18. If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will ____.

a. have a unique phenotype
b. have the same phenotype as the RR parents

c. have the same phenotype as the rr parents
d. have the same genotype as the RR parents
e. have the same genotype as the rr parents
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 9.3 Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.04 - Summarize the types of dominance relationships.
19. If tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, the progeny produced will
be____.
a. all intermediate forms
b. all tall
c. all dwarf
d. 1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf
e. 3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf
ANSWER: b
20. In cats, short hair (L) is dominant to long hair (l). If a short-haired cat of unknown genotype is crossed with a long-
haired animal, and they produce one long-haired kitten and one short-haired kitten, this would indicate that ____.
a. the short-haired cat was true-breeding
b. the short-haired cat was not true-breeding
c. the long-haired cat was not true-breeding
d. the long-haired cat was heterozygous
e. neither parent was true-breeding
ANSWER: b
21. In a Punnett square, the letters on top of the square and on the side of the square represent ____.
a. offspring genotypes
b. zygote genotypes
c. parental gametes
d. offspring phenotypes
e. parental phenotypes
ANSWER: c

22. In cats, short hair L is dominant to long hair l, and black hair B is dominant to brown hair b. If you found a black,
short-haired cat, you could determine his genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of ____.
a. LLBB
b. llBB
c. llBb
d. llbb
e. LLbb
ANSWER: d
23. In a cross of a DDRR individual with a ddrr individual, the genotype of all offspring will ____.
a. DDRR
b. DdRR
c. DdRr
d. ddRR
e. ddRr
ANSWER: c
24. Genetic recombination as a result of crossing over occurs more readily between genes that are ____.
a. on the sex chromosomes
b. near the centromere
c. located close together on the same chromosome
d. located far apart on the same chromosome
e. located on different chromosomes
ANSWER: d

25.
Purple flower (A) is dominant over white flower (a), and tall stem (B) is dominant over short stem (b). The Punnett square
represents a cross between two dihybrids (AaBb  AaBb).
In the figure above, what would be the genotype of plant #7?
a. AaBb
b. AABb
c. AaBB
d. AABB
e. aaBB
ANSWER: a
26.
In the figure above, what would be the genotype of plant #9?
a. Aabb
b. aaBb
c. AaBB
d. AABB
e. aaBB
ANSWER: c
27.
In the figure above, how many plants would have purple flowers and tall stems?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 9
e. 16
ANSWER: d
28.

In the figure above, how many plants would have white flowers and short stems?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 9
e. 16
ANSWER: a
29.

In the figure above, how many plants would have the genotype AaBb?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 9
ANSWER: c
30. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disorder. If a couple, each of whom is heterozygous for the CFTR mutation, have
children, what is the probability that they will have a child with cystic fibrosis?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze
31. For this problem, you may want to create a Punnett Square on a separate piece of paper. Assume brown eyes are
dominant to blue eyes and dimples are dominant to no dimples. John has brown eyes and his mother has blue eyes. John
does not have dimples. Zena has blue eyes and also has no dimples. What are the chances if this couple have children,
they will produce a child with blue eyes and no dimples?
a. 0
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. There is not enough information provided to solve this problem.
ANSWER: c
32. For this problem, you may want to create a Punnett Square on a separate piece of paper. Manuel has both cystic
fibrosis, a recessive disorder, and sickle cell anemia which is also a recessive disorder. Manuel’s partner, Lucretia, is
normal for both conditions. What is the probability that Manuel and Lucretia will have a normal child without either of the
conditions Manuel has?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 100%
e. It is not possible to solve this problem with the information provided.
ANSWER: e
33. Approximately how many gene products are involved in the synthesis of melanin in humans?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 100
e. 1000
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 9.4 Beyond Simple Dominance
34. The mutation that causes the lighter skin color of all people of European descent was the result of a ____ in the gene
for a melanin transport protein.
a. base-pair substitution
b. insertion
c. deletion
d. whole chromosome duplication
e. multiple gene mutations involving several mechanisms
ANSWER: a
35. If two individuals who are heterozygous for two traits that display incomplete dominance (e.g., AaBb) mate and have
offspring, how many different phenotypes are possible?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 6
d. 9
e. 16
ANSWER: d
36. The discarded theory of blending inheritance most closely resembles ____ inheritance.
a. X-linked inheritance
b. dihybridization
c. codominance
d. incomplete dominance
e. complete dominance
ANSWER: d
37. In codominance, ____.

a. one allele is dominant to another allele
b. the genotype is determined by the phenotype
c. the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate to the homozygous phenotypes
d. the intermediate phenotype may be the result of enzyme insufficiency
e. two alleles may be equally expressed

ANSWER: e
38. If a pure-breeding wired-hair terrier (WW) is crossed with a pure-breeding smooth-hair terrier (ww), and a puppy with
a wavy hair is produced, the simplest explanation is ____.
a. a mutation has occurred
b. hair texture is an X-linked trait
c. incomplete dominance
d. hair texture is a lethal trait
e. codominance
ANSWER: c
39. If a child has an AB blood type, ____.

a. both parents must have different blood types
b. neither parent can have blood type AB
c. both parents must have blood type AB
d. both parents can be any blood type
e. one parent can have blood type O
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: 9.4 Beyond Simple Dominance
40. The ease of detecting and treating ____ is a good example of the advantages of genetic screening.
a. PKU
b. Tay-Sachs
c. Marfan syndrome
d. color-blindness
e. Down syndrome
ANSWER: a
41. The ABO blood types have ____ different genotypes.

a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 12
e. 16
ANSWER: b
42. A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n) ____.

a. co-dominant gene
b. X-linked gene
c. epistatic gene
d. pleiotropic gene
e. incompletely dominant gene
ANSWER: d
43. A pleiotropic gene ____.

a. acts on secondary sexual characteristics
b. influences multiple traits
c. is additive
d. produces lethal effects when homozygous
e. produces epigenetic effects
ANSWER: b
44. In humans, skin color is controlled by several genes. Thus, skin color is a(n) ____ characteristic.
a. dominant
b. co-dominant
c. epistatic
d. pleiotropic
e. recessive
ANSWER: c
45. When genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, ____.
a. gametes usually end up with the same combination of alleles as parental cells
b. gametes usually end up with unique combination of alleles
c. they are inherited separately
d. they often recombine during crossing over

e. offspring will look just like one parent

ANSWER: a
46. In the Bombay phenotype, a gene in the recessive condition blocks the expression of A and B red blood cell antigens.
Thus, all A, B, and AB genotypes are expressed as the O phenotype. This is an example of ____.
a. complete dominance
b. epistasis
d. co-dominance
e. pleiotropy
ANSWER: b
47. The switching between asexual and sexual reproduction by water fleas is controlled by ____.
a. epistasis
b. pleiotropy
d. codominant inheritance
e. environmental effects
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 9.5 Complex Variation in Traits
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.05 - Summarize how environmental and genetic factors influence
variation in phenotype.
48. Human eye color is an example of a trait that varies ____.

a. according to the geographical area
b. periodically
c. according to humidity
d. continuously
e. according to seasons
ANSWER: d
49. In Siamese cats, enzymes that code for dark fur color are only active in cooler temperatures. Thus, the tips of a
Siamese cat’s ears, feet, and tail are dark but not the warmer regions of its body core. This is an example of ____.

a. Pleiotropy
b. environmental effects
c. epistasis
d. incomplete dominance
e. co-dominance
ANSWER: b
50. In a pedigree chart, a female showing the specific trait being studied is indicated by a ____.
a. clear square
b. darkened square
c. clear circle
d. darkened diamond
e. darkened circle
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 9.6 Human Genetic Analysis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.06 - Explain the use of a pedigree analysis for analyzing human genetic
traits.
51. In a pedigree chart, a male who demonstrates the trait being studied is represented by a ____.
a. darkened square
b. darkened diamond
c. clear circle
d. clear square
e. darkened circle
ANSWER: a
traits.
52. Six fingers on one hand would be classified as a(n) ____.

a. genetic disorder
b. disease
c. syndrome
d. genetic abnormality
e. illness
ANSWER: d
traits.
53.
Narrative:
Achondroplasia, a hereditary form of dwarfism, is an autosomal dominant disorder; however homozygous dominant
individuals either die before birth or very shortly thereafter. The homozygous recessive condition is normal. A dwarf
couple decide to have children. Use this information to answer the following question:
Of the children of this couple who survive, what is the probability that they will be normal?
a. 0
b. ¼
c. 1/3
d. 2/3
e. ½
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 9.7 Human Genetic Disorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.07 - Summarize the different inheritance patterns observed for human
genetic disorders.
54.
Narrative:
Achondroplasia, a hereditary form of dwarfism, is an autosomal dominant disorder; however homozygous dominant
individuals either die before birth or very shortly thereafter. The homozygous recessive condition is normal. A dwarf
couple decide to have children. Use this information to answer the following question:
Of the children of this couple who survive, what is probability that they will be affected by achondroplasia?
a. 0
b. ¼
c. 1/3
d. 2/3
e. ½
ANSWER: d
genetic disorders.
55. Geneticists use ____ to study the genetics of families through generations.
a. Punnett squares
b. pedigrees
c. karyotypes
d. DNA profiles
e. fossil analyses
ANSWER: b
traits.
56. In an autosomal dominant disorder such as Huntington's disease, two carrier parents have the probability of passing
the gene onto ____ percent of their children.
a. 0
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
e. 100
ANSWER: d
genetic disorders.
57. An autosomal recessive disorder ____.

a. requires that only one parent be a carrier
b. displays its symptoms in heterozygotes
c. is more frequent in males than females
d. requires that both parents are carriers
e. only affects females
ANSWER: d
genetic disorders.
58. The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is
____.
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 100%
ANSWER: d
genetic disorders.
59. An X-linked carrier is a ____.

a. homozygous dominant female
b. heterozygous female
c. homozygous recessive female
d. homozygous male
e. heterozygous male
ANSWER: b
genetic disorders.
60. Males are more commonly affected by X-linked recessive genetic disorders than females because ____.
a. females have two X chromosomes; therefore, they do not inherit recessive alleles
b. males have only one X chromosome; therefore, they express all recessive X-linked traits
c. males have only one X chromosome; therefore, they have multiple alleles for each X-linked gene
d. Y chromosomes cause X-linked gene mutations
e. males are genetically weaker than females
ANSWER: b
genetic disorders.
61. Suppose a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I. Of
the resulting sperm, ____.
a. three would be normal and one would have an extra chromosome
b. two would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome
c. two would have an extra chromosome and two would be missing a chromosome
d. all four sperm would have an extra chromosome
e. three would have an extra chromosome and one would be normal
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 9.8 Chromosome Number Changes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: BTAT.STAR.16.09.08 - Explain the importance of chromosome number in humans.
62. The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called ____.
a. aneuploidy
b. trisomy
c. monosomy
d. nondisjunction
e. polyploidy
ANSWER: d
63. Face length in dogs is controlled by ____.

a. a dozen alleles
b. a dozen genes
c. multiple chromosomes
d. sex-linked alleles
e. trisomies
ANSWER: a
64. ____ is an example of a genetic disorder with little impact on the individual.
a. XXX syndrome
b. Turner syndrome
c. Hemophilia
d. XYY syndrome
e. Down syndrome
ANSWER: a
65. Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

a. the embryo at the eight cell stage
b. fetal cells in the amniotic fluid
c. sperm or egg cells
d. fetal skin tissue
e. placental cells
ANSWER: b
66. Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.

a. amniocentesis
b. obstetric sonography
c. fetoscopy
d. chorionic villus sampling
e. preimplantation genetic diagnosis
ANSWER: d
Matching
Match the following terms to the description with which they best correspond.
a. genotype
b. heterozygous
c. dihybrid cross
d. pleiotropic
e. codominance
f. epistasis
g. incomplete dominance
h. syndrome
i. continuous variation
j. aneuploidy
67. condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another; the heterozygous phenotype appears to be a blend of
the two homozygous phenotypes
ANSWER: g
68. refers to a gene whose product influences multiple genes

ANSWER: d
69. effect in which a trait is influenced by the product of multiple genes

ANSWER: f
70. refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals
ANSWER: e
a. genotype
b. heterozygous
c. dihybrid cross
d. pleiotropic
e. codominance
f. epistasis
h. syndrome
j. aneuploidy
71. the particular alleles carried by an individual

ANSWER: a

72. two different alleles of a given gene
ANSWER: b
73. experiment in which individuals who have different alleles for two genes are crossed
ANSWER: c
a. genotype
b. heterozygous
c. dihybrid cross
d. pleiotropic
e. codominance
f. epistasis
h. syndrome
j. aneuploidy
traits.
74. a range of small differences in a shared trait

ANSWER: i
a. genotype
b. heterozygous
c. dihybrid cross
d. pleiotropic
e. codominance
f. epistasis
h. syndrome
j. aneuploidy
genetic disorders.
75. the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease

ANSWER: h
a. genotype

b. heterozygous
c. dihybrid cross
d. pleiotropic
e. codominance
f. epistasis
h. syndrome
j. aneuploidy
76. a chromosome abnormality in which there are too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome
ANSWER: j
Match the following terms to the correct label in the figure below.
a. A b. B
c. C d. D
e. E
77. genotype
ANSWER: a
78. heterozygous
ANSWER: e
79. phenotype
ANSWER: b

80. recessive phenotype
ANSWER: d
81. dominant phenotype

ANSWER: c
Match the following terms to the disorder to which it corresponds.

a. autosomal dominant disorder
b. autosomal recessive disorder
c. X-linked disorder
genetic disorders.
82. cystic fibrosis

ANSWER: b
83. hemophilia
ANSWER: c
84. sickle-cell anemia

ANSWER: b
85. polydactyly
ANSWER: a
86. Marfan syndrome

ANSWER: a
Match the following symptoms to the disorder to which they correspond.

a. mental impairment; heart defects
b. mild mental impairment
c. sterility, mental impairment
d. minimal abnormalities
e. sterility, abnormal ovaries, abnormal sexual traits
87. Down syndrome

ANSWER: a
88. Klinefelter syndrome

ANSWER: c
89. Turner syndrome

ANSWER: e
90. XYY syndrome

ANSWER: b
91. XXX syndrome

ANSWER: d
Match the following terms to the condition with which they best correspond.
a. epistasis
b. incomplete dominance
c. codominance
d. pleiotropy
e. continuous variation
92. ABO blood types in humans

ANSWER: c
93. Marfan syndrome

ANSWER: d
94. fur color in Labrador retrievers

ANSWER: a
95. snapdragon flower color

ANSWER: b
96. height in humans

ANSWER: e

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CHAPTER 09—PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology 5th Edition

2. In the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

REFERENCES: 9.1 Menacing Mucus

3. ____ raises miscarriage risks by 2-10% and is rarely performed.

4. ____ is the most fatal genetic disorder in the United States.

5. The mutated gene that causes cystic fibrosis is ____.

9. When Gregor Mendel first started his genetics experiments, he ____.

10. Observable traits are known in genetics as ____.

11. Various forms of the same gene are called ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

15. An individual's ____ determines its observable ____.

18. If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will ____.

b. have the same phenotype as the RR parents

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

37. In codominance, ____.

e. two alleles may be equally expressed

39. If a child has an AB blood type, ____.

41. The ABO blood types have ____ different genotypes.

42. A gene that produces multiple effects is called a(n) ____.

43. A pleiotropic gene ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16

e. offspring will look just like one parent

48. Human eye color is an example of a trait that varies ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17

52. Six fingers on one hand would be classified as a(n) ____.

57. An autosomal recessive disorder ____.

59. An X-linked carrier is a ____.

63. Face length in dogs is controlled by ____.

65. Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

66. Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.

68. refers to a gene whose product influences multiple genes

69. effect in which a trait is influenced by the product of multiple genes

71. the particular alleles carried by an individual

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 23

74. a range of small differences in a shared trait

75. the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 24

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 25

81. dominant phenotype

Match the following terms to the disorder to which it corresponds.

82. cystic fibrosis

84. sickle-cell anemia

86. Marfan syndrome

Match the following symptoms to the disorder to which they correspond.

87. Down syndrome

88. Klinefelter syndrome

89. Turner syndrome

90. XYY syndrome

91. XXX syndrome

92. ABO blood types in humans

93. Marfan syndrome

94. fur color in Labrador retrievers

95. snapdragon flower color

96. height in humans

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 27

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15. An individual's determines its observable .