Biology The Dynamic Science 3rd Edition Russell Test Bank 1

Biology The Dynamic Science 3rd Edition
Russell
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CHAPTER 9—PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In Engelmann's classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around the
regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light?
a. Chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light.
b. The bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to place them.
c. Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is
consumed by the algae in those regions.
d. Photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more oxygen is
produced by the algae in those regions.
e. The most energy-rich wavelengths of light are found at the edges of visible and nonvisible
light (ultra violet and infrared).
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: 9.0 WHY IT MATTERS
2. If you want to buy a colored light bulb for your indoor plants, the least effective color would be
a. red.
b. blue.
c. green.
d. yellow.
e. orange.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: 9.0 WHY IT MATTERS
3. Suppose you explored a new planet and found a photosynthetic organism unlike any on Earth. You
repeat Engelmann's classic experiment using this new organism in place of Spirogyra and find that
oxygen-dependent bacteria cluster near the green and yellow portions of the spectrum. What does this
tell you?
a. The sun of this new planet emits different wavelengths of light than our own.
b. This new organism is using yellow and green light to drive photosynthesis.
c. This organism is green just like plants on Earth.
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d. This organism utilizes the most energy-rich photons of the spectrum.
e. This new organism is using blue and red light to drive photosynthesis.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application TOP: 9.0 WHY IT MATTERS
4. If the hydrogen atoms of water are radioactively labeled, which products of photosynthesis, if any, will
also have this radio-labeled hydrogen?
a. water and oxygen gas both
b. water only
c. sugar only
d. water and sugar both
e. water, sugar, and oxygen gas
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application TOP: 9.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
5. Which is the most correct statement about the role of photosynthesis in an ecosystem?
a. Primary producers convert chemical energy to light energy.
b. Primary consumers rely directly on light energy.
c. Primary producers convert light energy to chemical energy as a service to the ecosystem,
not for their own gain.
d. Primary consumers rely on primary producers to make light energy available in a usable
form.
e. Primary producers are heterotrophs and thus make no contribution to the flow of energy
into the ecosystem.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
TOP: 9.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
6. Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes?

a. plasma membrane
b. Golgi bodies
c. cytosol
d. mitochondria
e. chloroplasts
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: 9.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
7. Choose the most correct statement about the two phases of photosynthesis.
a. The light-dependent reactions occur in the cytosol; the light-independent reactions occur
in the stroma.
b. The products of the light-dependent reactions are ATP, NADPH, and O2; the products of
the light-independent reactions are ADP, NADP+, and sugar.
c. The light-dependent reactions occur during the daylight hours; the light-independent
reactions occur when it is dark.
d. The light-dependent reactions produce water as a by-product; the light-independent
reactions produce carbon dioxide as a waste product.
e. The products of the light-dependent reactions are ADP, NADP+, and O2; the products of
the light-independent reactions are ATP, NADPH, and sugar.
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OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: 9.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
8. If photosynthetic eukaryotic cells are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), the 18O
label may be found in all but one compound. That compound is
a. 3-phosphoglycerate.
b. cellulose.
c. glucose.
d. O2 gas.
e. RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate).
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application TOP: 9.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW
9. What absorbs the photons of light in photosynthesis?

a. carotenoids
b. chlorophyll
c. chlorophyll and carotenoids
d. the thylakoid membrane
e. inner membrane of the chloroplast
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
TOP: 9.2 THE LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
10. Fluorescence occurs when

a. a high-energy electron returns to its ground state by releasing energy in a photon.
b. a low-energy electron moves to a high-energy state by absorbing heat.
c. a high-energy electron leaves its nucleus and moves to a different molecule.
d. a pigment molecule accepts a high energy electron and releases a photon of energy
e. the energy from an electron is transferred to a different molecule while the electron returns
to the ground state.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
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©2014 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning
Use the figure above for the following question(s).
11. In the figure above, diagram 1 represents

a. a molecule of chlorophyll.
b. a phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane.
c. a primary electron acceptor.
d. an accessory pigment.
e. a carotenoid.
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12. In the figure above, diagram 2 represents
a. a molecule of chlorophyll.
b. a phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane.
c. a primary electron acceptor.
d. a nonlight-reactive accessory pigment.
e. a carotenoid
13. In the figure above, identify the photon absorbing region of chlorophyll.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
e. 7
14. In the figure above, region 7 aids photosynthesis by

a. splitting water.
b. absorbing different wavelengths of light than chlorophyll.
c. transferring hydrogen ions to chlorophyll.
d. absorbing energy from chlorophyll.
e. absorbing energy from cytochromes.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
15. In the figure above, what absorbs photons of both blue and red light?
a. 5 with 3
b. 5 with 4
c. 5, regardless of the R group
d. 6
e. 7
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
16. In the figure above, what absorbs photons of light only in the blue/violet range and not light in the red
portion of the spectrum?
a. 5 with 3
b. 5 with 4
d. 6
e. 7
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17. Identify the hydrophobic side chain of chlorophyll in the figure above.
a. 5 with 3
b. 5 with 4
d. 6
e. 7
18. The molecule of chlorophyll a in photosystem II's reaction center is known as P680 because
a. it absorbs 680 photons per minute.
b. it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 680 nm.
c. there are exactly 680 accessory pigments in the photosystem.
d. it will generate 680 molecules of ATP per photon absorbed.
e. there are 680 electrons that can be energized by light.
19. In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron from photosystem II is passed
along an electron transport chain to ___________.
a. NAD+
b. NADH
c. photosystem I
d. oxygen
e. water
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
20. The chemical structure of chlorophyll is based on a complex organic ring structure, a long
hydrophobic side chain and an atom of _________ in the center of the ring.
a. carbon
b. manganese
c. magnesium
d. iron
e. nitrogen
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21. Each photosystem in a eukaryotic plant __________.
a. is composed of molecules of chlorophylls and carotenoids.
b. possesses a light-gathering antenna complex
c. has a specialized chlorophyll a molecule in its reaction center
d. a)., b). and c). are all true.
e. a)., b). and c). are all true, but only for Photosystem II.
22. The molecule of chlorophyll a in photosystem I's reaction center is known as P700 because
a. it absorbs 700 photons per minute.
b. it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 700 nm.
c. there are exactly 700 accessory pigments in the photosystem.
d. there are 700 molecules of NADPH generated per photon of light absorbed.
e. there are 700 electrons that can be energized by light.
23. P700 is located in photosystem ____ and is comprised of chlorophyll ____ absorbing light with a
wavelength of 700 nm.
a. I; b
b. I; a
c. II; b
d. II; a
e. I and II; a
24. All of the following processes are associated with photosystem I EXCEPT
a. ATP synthesis.
b. NADPH synthesis.
c. cyclic electron flow.
d. accepting electrons flowing from the electron transport chain.
e. splitting of water.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
25. All of the following are associated with photosystem II EXCEPT for
a. the excitement of electrons to generate a proton gradient that will drive ATP synthesis.
b. the transfer of electrons to NADP+ to generate NADPH.
c. the splitting of water.
d. the transfer of electrons to a primary electron acceptor.
e. noncyclic electron flow.
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26. The primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to
a. provide electrons and energy for the light-independent reactions.
b. generate O2 gas.
c. make ADP in cyclic photophosphorylation.
d. transfer electrons to the primary electron acceptors.
e. produce sugars such as glucose.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
27. The reason the light reactions have both cyclic and noncyclic electron pathways is
a. because the light-independent reactions require ATP and NADPH in different amounts
than are generated by noncyclic electron flow.
b. to ensure that ATP and NAPDH are generated in a 1:1 molar ratio.
c. because only the combination of pathways can generate sufficient NADPH for the light-
independent reactions.
d. to provide more electrons from water than would be released by the noncyclic pathway.
e. because a single photon of light can't energize a ground state electron in photosystem II to
the level necessary for transfer to photosystem I's primary electron acceptor.
28. Suppose you recreate Jagendorf and Uribe's chloroplast experiment with one small change: after
placing the chloroplasts (in the dark) in an acidic medium to fill the thylakoid membrane with protons,
you move the chloroplasts to a stronger acid rather than the basic solution used in the original
experiment. What would be the outcome of your experiment?
a. ATP synthesis would still occur because a proton gradient was created.
b. ATP synthesis would occur but at a slower rate because of the strength of the acid.
c. ATP synthesis would not occur because the protons would reach equilibrium on both sides
of the thylakoid membrane and, thus, be unable to drive the activity of ATP synthase.
d. ATP synthesis would not occur because the acid is too strong and would rupture the
thylakoid membrane.
e. ATP synthesis would occur, but only until the protons reached equilibrium.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
29. The following are all products of the light-independent reactions EXCEPT for
a. O2 gas.
b. ADP.
c. NADP+.
d. G3P.
e. RuBP.
TOP: 9.3 THE LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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30. The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to
a. produce sugars using CO2 as a carbon source.
b. recover electrons lost when water was split.
c. capture photons of light.
d. counteract increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations (global warming).
e. generate O2 gas for cellular respiration.
31. Where do the electrons from NADPH go in the Calvin cycle?

a. They are put onto oxygen, just like in cellular respiration.
b. They are used to regenerate RuBP from G3P
c. They are added to 3PGA.
d. They are transferred to rubisco.
e. They remain on NADPH to help drive the light reactions
32. Of the G3P generated in the Calvin cycle, 5/6 will be used to regenerate RuBP. A company
manufacturing widgets would go out of business if 5/6 of the widgets were recycled at the
manufacturing site rather than being sold. And yet plants survive this extreme inefficiency. Why?
a. Actually, 5/6 of the G3P is used to build glucose and only 1/6 of the G3P is needed to
regenerate RuBP.
b. Plants are extremely efficient in other ways and that compensates for this anomaly.
c. There is unlimited CO2 for the plant to use, so it's okay to "waste" some by regenerating
RuBP.
d. The plant expends no energy to acquire the light energy that drives the Calvin cycle, so
there is no pressure on the system to become more efficient.
e. The cyclic pathway of the light reactions compensates for the energy lost in RuBP
regeneration.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application | Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
33. Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

a. thylakoid membrane
b. thylakoid lumen
c. stromal lamellae
d. cytosol
e. stroma
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34. The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules EXCEPT
a. NADPH.
b. ATP.
c. CO2.
d. rubisco.
e. glucose.
35. You extract all of the proteins of a leaf and measure the percentage that is rubisco. You find that
rubisco comprises what percentage of the leaf proteins?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. 90%
36. When Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson reduced the CO2 available to cells in the photosynthesis
experiments, they discovered that RuBP accumulated. Why did this molecule accumulate?
a. There wasn't sufficient light to drive photosynthesis.
b. The cells had too little ATP.
c. There were not enough reactants to generate 3PGA.
d. The RuBP was defective in structure and unable to form a bond with CO2.
e. Rubisco was inhibited by the RuBP excess.
TOP: CHAPTER 9 FOCUS ON BASIC RESEARCH: TWO-DIMENSIONAL PAPER
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THE CALVIN CYCLE
37. 2D chromatography is called that because

a. there are two steps: labeling with a radioactive marker and separation via chromatography.
b. the molecules are separated into a linear arrangement, meaning two dimensions.
c. the process separates the molecules in two directions, first along the x axis and then along
the y axis.
d. two different solutions are used in the paper chromatography process.
e. two different types of radioactive markers must be used.
TOP: CHAPTER 9 FOCUS ON BASIC RESEARCH: TWO-DIMENSIONAL PAPER
CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THE CALVIN CYCLE
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38. Rubisco has 16 subunits joined together to make a functional unit. Eight of the subunits are large, the
other 8 are small. Where on this enzyme are the active sites located?
a. on each of the 8 large subunits
b. on each of the 8 small subunits
c. on one of the 8 large subunits
d. on one of the 8 small subunits
e. on each of the 16 subunits
TOP: CHAPTER 9 INSIGHTS FROM THE MOLECULAR REVOLUTION: SMALL BUT PUSHY
other 8 are small. What is the function of the small subunit?
a. The small subunits contain the reactant binding sites.
b. It stabilizes the overall enzyme's structure but has no function by itself.
c. The function of the small subunit is still unknown.
d. It regulates the enzyme's rate of catalysis.
e. The small subunits contain allosteric regulator binding sites.
TOP: CHAPTER 9 INSIGHTS FROM THE MOLECULAR REVOLUTION: SMALL BUT PUSHY
40. Rubisco can add O2 to RuBP, which generates

a. two molecules of 3PGA.
b. two molecules of phosphoglycolate.
c. three molecules of 3PGA.
d. one molecule of G3P.
e. a molecule of 3PGA and a molecule of phosphoglycolate.
TOP: 9.4 PHOTORESPIRATION AND ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES OF CARBON FIXATION
41. Which molecule associated with photorespiration is toxic to plant cells?

a. 3PGA
b. G3P
c. phosphoglycolate
d. glycolate
e. rubisco
TOP: 9.4 PHOTORESPIRATION AND ALTERNATIVE PROCESSES OF CARBON FIXATON
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42. Why is photorespiration more likely in warm weather?
a. Plants require warm weather (at least 23C) to drive photosynthesis.
b. Plants are more likely to close their stomata in the daytime heat than at night when it is
cool.
c. Plants are more likely to dehydrate in warm weather, forcing them to close the stomata to
conserve water; this prevents CO2 from entering the leaf.
d. The rubisco enzyme is very temperature sensitive and becomes less selective in warmer
temperatures, allowing it to fix O2 instead of CO2.
e. Plants use up the water in their central vacuoles in warm weather inhibiting the water-
requiring light reactions; this in turn alters the activity of rubisco.
43. The C4 cycle

a. replaces the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle.
b. supplements the activity of rubisco by providing a second source of 3PGA for the
reduction stage of the Calvin cycle.
c. is more efficient than the Calvin cycle because less ATP is consumed in the process.
d. ensures that CO2 is provided to rubisco and thus prevents photorespiration.
e. is most commonly associated with plants living in humid climates.
44. During which of the following time periods does a CAM plant use rubisco?
a. daylight only
b. in darkness only
c. noon to midnight
d. midnight to noon
e. all 24 hours of a standard calendar day
45. During which of the following time periods does a C4 plant use rubisco?
a. daylight only
b. in darkness only
c. noon to midnight
d. midnight to noon
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46. During which of the following time periods does a CAM plant take in atmospheric CO2?
a. daylight only
b. in darkness only
c. noon to midnight
d. midnight to noon
47. I'm a botanist looking for new species of C4 plants. Where should I focus my search?
a. Maine
b. Quebec, Canada
c. equatorial rainforest
d. The Everglades (in Florida)
e. Arizona
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
48. The products of the C4 cycle

a. are immediately used in CAM plants.
b. are stored by CAM plants in the central vacuole.
c. are stored by CAM plants in the stroma.
d. diffuse to bundle sheath cells for immediate use in C4 plants.
e. are stored in mesophyll cells of C4 plants.
49. Photosynthesis occurs in _____, while respiration occurs in _____.

a. plants, animals d. plants, plants and animals
b. animals, plants e. plants and animals, plants and animals
c. plants and animals, animals
TOP: 9.5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION COMPARED
50. Which of the following events probably made the evolution of cellular respiration possible?
a. Accumulation of carbon dioxide in d. Emergence of eukaryotes
atmosphere
b. Emergence of prokaryotes e. Emergence of plants
c. Accumulation of oxygen in atmosphere
TOP: 9.5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION COMPARED
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51. The efficiency of photosynthesis is reduced
a. by the damaging effects of excess humidity.
b. by the damaging effects of excess intermediates in the light-dependent reactions.
c. by the low efficiency of ATP synthase.
d. by inhibition of rubisco by excess ATP.
e. by a lack of ATP.
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: CHAPTER 9 UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
52. Typical agricultural crops store how much of their absorbed solar energy in the form of biomass?
a. 0.1% to 0.5%
b. 1% to 5%
c. 10% to 50 %
d. 100%
e. 0.01% to 0.05%
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge TOP: CHAPTER 9 UNANSWERED QUESTIONS
53. Where can you find ATP synthase in a plant cell?

a. in the thylakoid membrane
b. in the mitochondrial inner membrane
c. embedded in the plasma membrane
d. only in the nucleus
e. thylakoid and inner mitochondrial membranes
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 8.4 | Section 9.2
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Integrative Multiple Choice
54. Which products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle?
a. ADP and NADP+
b. Water, O2, ATP.
c. CO2 and RuBP
d. electrons and photons
e. ATP and NADPH
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Integrative Multiple Choice
other 8 are small. What does this tell you about this protein's structure?
a. It is an example of a protein having quaternary structure.
b. The protein has tertiary structure and domains but no quaternary structure.
c. The primary sequence of all 16 subunits is identical, which is a unique property of
enzymes participating in photosynthesis.
d. The subunits each have 8 alpha helices in order to bind to CO2 and RuBP.
e. It's an enzyme that is extremely resistant to denaturation.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 3.5 | Section 9.3
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56. If you put chloroplasts in the dark, they can continue to make sugar if provided with
a. NADPH, ATP, and CO2.
b. NADPH and ATP.
c. CO2 and ATP.
d. NADPH, CO2, and ADP.
e. water and ATP.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Application MSC: Integrative Multiple Choice
57. Which Calvin Cycle products are used in the light reactions?
a. G3P, ATP, and NADPH.
b. O2, water, and ATP.
c. ADP, Pi, and NADP+.
d. electrons from CO2.
e. protons and Pi.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
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58. What is the primary difference between NAD+ and NADP+ (shown in the figure above)?
a. NAD+ functions as an electron transporter, whereas NADP+ does not.
b. NAD+ functions as an electron transporter in chloroplasts while NADP+ functions as an
electron transporter in mitochondria.
c. Both function as electron carriers, but NADP+ has a third phosphate group and NAD+ does
not.
d. Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) found on the inner
mitochondrial membrane, but NADP+ transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher energy
level.
e. NAD+ functions as a free energy source for cells while NADP+ does not.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 8.2 | Section 9.2
59. C3 plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or CAM plants, so why do most
plants lack the C4 pathway?
a. Rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco C4 and CAM plants.
b. Photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants.
c. Most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate generated from
CO2 taken in during the night.
d. There is an energetic cost to C4 and CAM pathways that only makes them advantageous in
very hot and/or arid environments.
e. Switching between C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis is very difficult for most plants.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.4
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension MSC: Integrative Multiple Choice
202
Use the figure above and the information below for the following question(s).
You grow 25 plants under 5 different experimental treatment conditions to determine the effects of
light and CO2 on plants. Each plant started out with the same biomass and was measured again in 10
days; the average results for each plant group are in the graph. The five conditions are as follows:
I. Normal light, 0.5x CO2 concentration

II. Normal light, 1x (normal) CO2 concentration
III. Normal light, 2x CO2 concentration
IV. No light, 1x CO2 concentration
V. No light, 2x CO2 concentration
60. In the figure above, this group of plants was given treatment I.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
61. In the figure above, this group of plants was given treatment II.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
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62. In the figure above, this group of plants was given treatment III.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
63. In the figure above, this group of plants was given treatment IV.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
64. In the figure above, this group of plants was given treatment V.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
65. Photosynthesis must provide a source of electrons and H+ ions because ______________.
a. atmospheric CO2 must be oxidized by adding electrons
b. CO2 must be reduced to produce sugars
c. hydrogen atoms are added to oxygen to form water
d. hydrogen ions and electrons react to produce hydrogen gas
e. hydrogen ions and electrons are converted into oxygen gas
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
66. Which of the following substances is NOT required at some point during photosynthesis?
a. H2O
b. O2
c. NADP
d. ADP
e. ATP
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
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MATCHING
Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

a. The emission of light of a longer wavelength than the absorbed light.
b. The generation of ATP via a proton gradient created by light-energized electrons moving
down an electron transport chain.
c. The site of the light-independent reactions in the chloroplast.
d. Complexes of light-absorbing molecules clustered in the thylakoid and stromal
membranes of chloroplasts.
e. Membranous connections between granum that allow individual thylakoid lumens to form
a single, contiguous compartment.
f. The addition of O2 to RuBP by rubisco, resulting in a net loss of carbon from the Calvin
cycle.
g. The molecule used to store carbon overnight in CAM plants.
h. Organisms that use CO2 as their carbon source and light as their energy source.
67. photoautotrophs
68. photosystems
69. photophosphorylation
70. stroma
71. photorespiration
72. fluorescence
73. stromal lamellae
74. malate
67. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge NOT: Modified
68. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
69. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
70. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
71. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
72. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
73. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
74. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4
Classification
Use the five processes listed below for the following question(s).
a. noncyclic electron flow
b. cyclic electron flow
c. carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle
d. carbon reduction stage of Calvin cycle
e. RuBP regeneration stage of Calvin cycle
75. This converts G3P into a molecule that can bind to CO2.
76. This form of the light-dependent reactions produces ATP and NADPH in equal molar ratios.
205
77. This reaction uses rubisco, the most abundant enzyme on Earth.
78. This is when the G3P product is actually synthesized in the chloroplast.
79. This allows for the production of additional ATP to drive the RuBP regeneration process.
75. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge MSC: Classification
76. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
77. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
78. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
79. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
Choice
For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate process.
a. light-dependent reactions only
b. Calvin cycle only
c. light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle both
d. neither the light-dependent reactions nor the Calvin cycle
80. produces O2
81. consumes NADPH
82. creates a proton gradient
83. requires ATP
84. produces ADP
85. requires G3P to continue
86. produces ATP
87. consumes O2
88. requires water
89. produces NADP+
90. requires glucose
91. requires rubisco
92. occurs during the daytime
80. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Choice
81. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
206
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
90. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Choice
MSC: Choice
92. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.3
MSC: Choice
Labeling
Identify each part of the following illustration.
207
93. thylakoid lumen
94. outer membrane
95. stroma
96. thylakoid membrane
97. inner membrane
98. site of light-dependent reactions
99. site of light-independent reactions
100. where you would search for rubisco
101. membrane most important in generating a proton gradient for ATP synthesis
102. membrane most likely to surround an acidic solution
103. where you would find chlorophyll
104. where photorespiration occurs
105. this membrane is in contact with the cytosol
106. prevents the stroma from coming into contact with the outer membrane
107. where you would find carotenoids
93. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

REF: Figure 9.3 | Section 9.2 | Section 9.3 | Section 9.4
MSC: Labeling
94. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
95. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
96. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
97. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
208
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
105. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
106. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
MSC: Labeling
MSC: Labeling
SHORT ANSWER
108. Explain why we say nearly all life on Earth ultimately depends on the sun for energy.
ANS:
Photosynthetic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. While the photosynthetic
organisms use this chemical energy to drive their own cellular processes, other organisms consume
plants (or consume the herbivores that consumed the plants) to acquire chemical energy. Through this
process, nearly all organisms on earth can trace their energy back to the original photosynthetic
process, which was dependent on sunlight.
PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1

109. Why do the photosynthetic tissues of plants look green?
ANS:
Photosynthetic tissue contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light, and transmits or
reflects most of the wavelengths in between. Therefore, we see the wavelengths that are not used by
the tissue in photosynthesis, which is primarily green light.

209
110. Why is rubisco considered an important enzyme?
ANS:
Rubisco is the world’s most abundant protein. Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of
the Calvin cycle, and is the key regulatory site of the Calvin cycle. Rubisco provides the source of
organic molecules for most of the world’s organisms.

111. What is a major similarity and difference between photorespiration and aerobic respiration?
ANS:
Photorespiration does not generate ATP; however, both processes require oxygen and produce carbon
dioxide and water.

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
If the statement is true, answer "T". If the statement is false, answer "F" and make it correct by
changing the underlined word(s) and writing the correct word(s) in the answer blank(s).
112. The process of photosynthesis, including all of the enzymes and chemical intermediates, is completely
understood.
ANS: F, incompletely
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

113. Atmospheric O2 is actually a waste product of photosynthesis.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

REF: Section 9.1-9.4 OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
114. Glucose is the only sugar produced from photosynthesis.
ANS: F, primary

115. The genes encoding for proteins involved in photosynthesis are located in the chloroplast.
ANS: F, chloroplast and nucleus

210
116. The arrangement of photosystems I and II in the thylakoid membrane is exactly like drawn in the Z-
pathway of most textbooks.
ANS: F, sequence of use

117. Not all plants can use the C4 pathway to avoid photorespiration.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

REF: Section 9.1-9.4 OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
118. Glycolate is released into the atmosphere to prevent it from killing the plant.
ANS: F, microbodies

ESSAY
119. Explain why it is important, from a global standpoint, to try to improve the efficiency of
photosynthesis in common crops. Specify which aspect(s) of photosynthesis we should target.
ANS:
The land available for agriculture is limited and the population of the planet continues to increase. By
understanding how plants can become more efficient in photosynthesis, the harvest of a set acre of
land could be increased. This would allow us to better utilize the land available.
Photorespiration is the logical target of our research since photorespiration is known to decrease the
efficiency of photosynthesis. If we can enable C3 plants to better avoid photorespiration, we can
increase the productivity of crops.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.4

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis | Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
120. What are some of the problems that must be addressed when planting C3 plants in hot, arid climates
for ornamental purposes?
ANS:
C3 plants are prone to photorespiration, especially at high temperatures or in arid climates. In order to
allow these plants to survive, they must be provided with a reliable, adequate water supply. Protection
from intense sunlight should be considered and can be accomplished by positioning plants in areas
where they will get morning or evening light, but be in partial shade during the afternoon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.4

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis | Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
211
121. Compare and contrast the role of O2 and H2O in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
ANS:
The role of oxygen gas and water are almost the reverse in the two processes. In cellular respiration,
electrons from the electron transport chain are put onto oxygen gas. This attracts protons and creates
water. In photosynthesis, water is used as a source of electrons, releasing oxygen gas into the
atmosphere while the protons are kept and used in production of a sugar.
PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 8.4 | Section 9.3

OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
212

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Biology The Dynamic Science 3rd Edition

6. Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes?

9. What absorbs the photons of light in photosynthesis?

10. Fluorescence occurs when

Use the figure above for the following question(s).

11. In the figure above, diagram 1 represents

14. In the figure above, region 7 aids photosynthesis by

31. Where do the electrons from NADPH go in the Calvin cycle?

33. Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

37. 2D chromatography is called that because

40. Rubisco can add O2 to RuBP, which generates

41. Which molecule associated with photorespiration is toxic to plant cells?

43. The C4 cycle

48. The products of the C4 cycle

49. Photosynthesis occurs in _____, while respiration occurs in _____.

53. Where can you find ATP synthase in a plant cell?

I. Normal light, 0.5x CO2 concentration

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

67. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1-9.4

Identify each part of the following illustration.

©2014 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning

93. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.1

109. Why do the photosynthetic tissues of plants look green?

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.2

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.3

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Section 9.4

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

113. Atmospheric O2 is actually a waste product of photosynthesis.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

114. Glucose is the only sugar produced from photosynthesis.

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

ANS: F, chloroplast and nucleus

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

ANS: F, sequence of use

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.1-9.4

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.4

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 9.2 | Section 9.4

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Section 8.4 | Section 9.3

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49. Photosynthesis occurs in _, while respiration occurs in _.