Exploring Sociology The Concise Edition Canadian 1st Edition Ravelli Test Bank

Exploring Sociology The Concise
Edition Canadian 1st Edition Ravelli

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Ravelli/Webber, Exploring Sociology: Concise Edition, First Edition
Chapter 7
1) A member of a definable category of people that is socially disadvantaged is a member

of a(n) _________________
a. ethnic group.
b. minority.
c. status group.
d. target group.
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Define the term minority and explain its two components.
2) What are the two components of membership in a minority group?

a. The group lacks social power and is definable as being distinct from the majority.
b. The group lacks social power and is patriarchal.
c. The group is distinct from the majority and oppresses the dominant culture.
d. The group is patriarchal and oppresses the dominant culture.
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual
3) Which of the following would probably not increase an ethnic minority's chance of
experiencing prejudice and discrimination?
a. race
b. language
c. religion
d. level of education
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Applied
4) When a member of a social group has been socially excluded on the basis of socially
constructed attributes, that person has been _________
a. characterized.
b. routinized.
c. stigmatized.
d. alienated.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.
7-7
Chapter 7
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual
5) Social scientists today assert that what most people call "race" is little more than a
historical legacy of Western colonialism and ________________
a. ethnocentrism.
b. neo-liberalism.
c. hegemony.
d. religious fundamentalism.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Explain the social construction of race.
6) "Black people are natural athletes." This statement is an example of _______________

a. discrimination.
b. biological facts.
c. racialization.
d. internalized racism.
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Applied
7) When members of a racial group assume the attributes associated with a racial
classification and attach it to their identities, they are exemplifying this phenomenon:
__________________
a. internalized racism.
b. self-stigmatization.
c. inner objectification.
d. objective valuation.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC

7-8
Chapter 7
Page Reference: 171

Skill: Conceptual
8) Sociologists refer to a collection of people who identify with each other and share a
common culture, art forms, language, music, traditions, and religious affiliation as a(n)
_______________
a. ascribed-status group.
b. ethnic group.
c. ethnocultural group.
d. cultural group.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 172
Skill: Conceptual
9) Research confirms that with each subsequent generation, the immigrant population
becomes ___________________________
a. more isolated.
b. more like the dominant culture.
c. more racist.
d. more prejudiced.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Factual
10) When you make a negative assessment about what a person or group is like before
you actually meet them, you are exemplifying ______________
a. prejudice.
b. racism.
c. discrimination.
d. bias.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual

7-9
Chapter 7
11) When people draw conclusions about an entire group based on observations of
individuals, they make a mistake called ______________
a. ecological fallacy.
b. exception fallacy.
c. racialization.
d. prejudice.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual
12) ____________ can be defined as a stable and a sweeping generalization about a

category of people that is applied to all members of that category.
a. Prejudice
b. Stereotype
c. Discrimination
d. Racism
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual
13) If an Asian Canadian student in your class is excellent at math and you conclude that
all Asian persons are intelligent, you are engaging in _________________
a. discrimination.
b. racialization.
c. the ecological fallacy.
d. the exception fallacy.
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual
14) "Dumb blonde" jokes are examples of ___________

a. prejudice.
b. stereotype.

7-10
Chapter 7
c. discrimination.
d. bias.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Applied
15) When an employer decides to hire a particular person based on her/his preconceived
ideas about what is to be expected from the group to which that person belongs, that
employer is guilty of _____________
a. racism.
b. discrimination.
c. stereotyping.
d. stigmatization.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 174
Skill: Applied/Conceptual
16) ____________________ occurs when an institution employs policies or practices that

are discriminatory against a person or group.
a. Individual discrimination
b. Direct institutional discrimination
c. Indirect institutional discrimination
d. Exercising your rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 175
Skill: Conceptual
17) A math teacher gives less attention to Asian Canadian students under the assumption
that “Asians are good at math.” The teacher's actions are an example of ____________
a. prejudice
b. stereotype
c. discrimination
d. racism

7-11
Chapter 7
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 174
Skill: Applied
18) If an employer throws out resumés simply because the last name is not one he/she
associates with “white Canadians,” he/she is guilty of ______________
a. prejudice.
b. discrimination.
c. democratic racism.
d. exception fallacy.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 174
Skill: Factual
19) ________________ asserts that prejudice and discrimination originate in the

frustrations of people who want to blame someone else for their problems.
a. Scapegoat theory
b. Ecological fallacy
c. Exception fallacy
d. Racialization
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 176
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Review and describe the psychological and sociocultural theories of prejudice,
racism, and discrimination.
20) According to this theory, some degree of prejudice is found in people all over the
world.
a. multiracial feminist theory
b. culture theory
c. authoritarian personality theory
d. social distance theory
Answer: b
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC

7-12
Chapter 7
Page Reference: 177

Skill: Conceptual
21) _________________ suggests that racist ideologies and the prejudice and
discrimination that they breed often promote social stability.
a. Scapegoat theory
b. Culture theory
c. Functionalist theory
d. Conflict theory
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 178
Skill: Conceptual
22) According to this theory, the powerful economic elite benefit the most from prejudice
and discrimination.
a. symbolic interactionist theory
b. post-structural neo-colonial theory
c. functionalist domination theory
d. Marxist exploitation theory
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 179
Skill: Conceptual
23) You complain every time you notice a woman being a bad driver, but you don't make
a mental note when you see them driving well. This is an example of ________________
a. selective perception.
b. Marxist exploitation theory.
c. contact hypothesis.
d. multiracial feminism.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 180

7-13
Chapter 7
Skill: Applied
24) This theory focuses most explicitly on the importance of addressing inequalities of
the past, particularly those dealing with property rights.
a. critical race theory
b. humanist race theory
c. Marxist exploitation theory
d. dual labour market theory
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 179
Skill: Conceptual
25) Which of the following is not one of the five categories of minority relations?
a. genocide
b. segregation and separation
c. scapegoat
d. assimilation
Answer: c
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 182–187
Skill: Conceptual
Objective: Describe the five general categories of intergroup minority relations
26) When the dominant group forces a minority to leave the country or confines them to a
particular location, it is known as _______________
a. cultural genocide.
b. expulsion.
c. segregation.
d. separatism.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 184
Skill: Conceptual

7-14
Chapter 7
27) The Canadian Aboriginal reserve system is an example of this pattern.

a. cultural genocide
b. expulsion
c. segregation
d. separatism
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 185
Skill: Conceptual
28) The Canadian government sent Japanese Canadians to internment camps during the
Second World War. This is an example of ______________
a. genocide.
b. expulsion.
c. population transfer.
d. segregation.
Answer: c
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
29) The one-way process that occurs when a minority group sheds its differences and
assumes the traits of the dominant group is known as ___________
a. segregation.
b. assimilation.
c. separatism.
d. convergence.
Answer: b
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 186
Skill: Conceptual
30) The Canadian federal government's 1969 White Paper sought to

_______________________________________
a. assimilate First Nations people into Canada's culture.
b. segregate Canada's First Nations people from Canada's dominant culture.
c. end the separatist movement of Quebec.

7-15
Chapter 7
d. affirm multiculturalism in Canada.
Answer: a
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 186
Skill: Factual
31) The contemporary Canadian approach to minority integration is _____________

a. multiculturalism.
b. assimilation.
c. separatism.
d. rationalization.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 187
Skill: Conceptual
32) Where in Canada are immigrants most likely to settle?

a. northern regions
b. populous provinces
c. the prairie provinces
d. along the coastline
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 188
Skill: Factual
Objective: Review the changing demographic picture of immigrants to Canada.
33) What is the largest country of origin for Canadian immigrants?

a. United States
b. China
c. Philippines
d. India
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 188
Skill: Factual

7-16
Chapter 7
34) In 2006, approximately ________ percent of the population of Canada was born in a
country other than Canada.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 188
Skill: Factual
35) In 2006, Aboriginal peoples accounted for approximately ______ percent of Canada's
total population.
a. 1
b. 4
c. 8
d. 12
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 189
Skill: Factual
Objective: Discuss Canada’s two special status groups as well as Chinese and black
minority groups.
36) ____________ and ____________ constitute Canada's two special status groups.
a. Aboriginal peoples; Québécois
b. Aboriginal peoples; Chinese minority groups
c. Québécois; Chinese minority groups
d. Chinese Canadians; black Canadians
Answer: a
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Skill: Factual
minority groups.
37) Canada's charter groups consist of ____________________

7-17
Chapter 7
a. the French and English.

b. Aboriginals and Chinese Canadians.
c. Aboriginals and Québécois.
d. black Canadians and Chinese Canadians.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 190
Skill: Factual
minority groups.
38) ____________ people had to pay a head tax in order to immigrate to Canada in the
early twentieth century.
a. French
b. Chinese
c. Black
d. Indian
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 191
Skill: Factual
minority groups.
39) Which of the following is not included in the Canadian Charter of Rights and
Freedoms?
a. freedom of expression
b. the protection of Canada's multicultural heritage
c. sexual orientation
d. the rights of Canada's Aboriginal peoples
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Skill: Factual
Objective: Explain the role of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in preserving
minority rights.
40) Sociologists define a minority as

______________________________________________________________

7-18
Chapter 7
a. any definable category of people who make up a proportionally small part of the
population.
b. any definable category of people who are visibly different from other members of a
population.
c. any definable category of people who are not defined by any inherent characteristics.
d. any definable category of people who are socially disadvantaged.
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual
41) Which of the following statements about minority groups is true?

a. Minorities always face discrimination.
b. It is not the size of a given group but rather its lack of power that makes it a minority.
c. It is not the power held by a group but rather its proportional size that makes it a
minority.
d. Minority discrimination has become less problematic since the abolishment of
apartheid.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual
42) Stigmatization
________________________________________________________________________
______
a. occurs primarily in countries with apartheid systems of governance.
b. occurs when members of minority groups are excluded from cultural and societal
activities.
c. occurs when members of the majority assign perceived attributes to members of a
minority group.
d. occurs when members of the majority assign negative attributes to members of a
minority group.
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 169
Skill: Conceptual

7-19
Chapter 7
43) As a general rule, the more ____________ the defining characteristic of a minority
group is, the ______ severe the stigma attached to the group.
a. abrasive; more
b. positive; less
c. negative; more
d. obvious; more
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 170
Skill: Conceptual
44) The assignment of people to racial categories is primarily ______________

a. a social construction.
b. based on skin colour.
c. based on genetic characteristics.
d. a cultural construction.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Conceptual
45) Which of the following statements about race is not true?

a. Race is real as a social category.
b. Race is socially constructed.
c. The concept of race is useful as a scientific way of distinguishing people from different
genetic backgrounds.
d. Race accounts for a very small proportion of a person's genetic makeup.
Answer: c
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Skill: Conceptual
46) "Chinese students are good at mathematics." This statement is an example of

______________
a. discrimination.
b. positive prejudice.

7-20
Chapter 7
c. racialization.
d. internalized racism.
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Conceptual/Applied
47) Which of the following is not a reason that sociologists prefer not to use the term
race?
a. Race is not a meaningful way of describing genetic differences between groups of
people.
b. The term race has an ethnocentric bias.
c. The term race is itself an example of internalized racism.
d. Race is a socially constructed term.
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Conceptual
48) Internalized racism occurs

_________________________________________________
a. when people are racist toward minorities without realizing it.
b. when members of a racial group assume the attributes associated with them and
internalize them as part of their identities.
c. when members of a minority group discriminate against members of the dominant
group.
d. when members of a racial group reject the attributes associated to them.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 171
Skill: Conceptual
49) Which of the following is an example of an ecological fallacy?

a. Brenda assumes that the black student in her calculus class listens to rap music.
b. Brenda assumes that the black student in her calculus class is not very intelligent.
c. Brenda assumes that everyone in her calculus class comes from the same cultural
background as she does.

7-21
Chapter 7
d. Brenda assumes that everyone in her calculus class was born in the same country that
she was.
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
50) Which of the following is not true about stereotypes?

a. Stereotypes are sweeping generalizations about a category of people.
b. Some stereotypes might actually appear to be favourable.
c. Stereotypes are relatively easy to alter.
d. Stereotypes may be accurate for some members of a group.
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual
51) Before travelling to France, Krista assumes that the people she meets there on her trip
will be rude and stuck up. This is an example of _____________
a. discrimination.
b. institutional prejudice.
c. prejudice.
d. overt prejudice.
Answer: c
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
52) An exception fallacy occurs when people draw conclusions about _________ based
on ___________.
a. individual members of a group; data gathered from an entire group
b. an entire group; interactions with individual members of a group
c. an entire group; stereotypes
d. individual members of a group; stereotypes
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate

7-22
Chapter 7
Type: MC
Page Reference: 173
Skill: Conceptual
53) A modelling agency refuses to represent any models that are above a certain weight
and below a certain height. This is an example of ___________________
a. prejudice.
b. indirect institutional discrimination.
c. gender discrimination.
d. direct institutional discrimination.
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 175
54) Self-reports by racialized minorities of discrimination in the workplace include all of

the following except
___________________________________________________________
a. being passed over for jobs.
b. being treated differently than other employees who are members of the dominant
group.
c. being passed over for promotions.
d. being paid less for doing the same job as other employees who are members of the
dominant group.
Answer: d
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 175
Skill: Factual
55) Members of the Frankfurt School, particularly Theodor Adorno, were responsible for
developing which theory to explain prejudice and discrimination?
a. scapegoat theory
b. critical race theory
c. authoritarian personality theory
d. cultural authority theory
Answer: c
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC

7-23
Chapter 7
Page Reference: 176

Skill: Factual/Conceptual
56) Darryl believes that immigrants are responsible for taking away jobs from native-
born Canadians. This is an example of __________________
a. indirect institutional racism.
b. direct institutional racism.
c. scapegoating.
d. prejudice.
Answer: c
Diff: Easy
Type: MC
Page Reference: 176
57) Critical race theory

________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
a. is the Frankfurt School's most notable contribution to the study of discrimination of
prejudice.
b. emerged in Europe as a response to the devastation of the Second World War.
c. views the powerful economic elite in a society as benefiting from discrimination
against the poor.
d. began as an initiative to examine legal rulings that appeared to be negligent in
upholding the legal principle of equality under the law.
Answer: d
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 179
Skill: Factual/Conceptual
58) Chantal's job as a restaurant server is insecure and temporary, with her boss telling
her she can be "replaced anytime." She earns an hourly salary and receives no fringe
benefits. Chantal's job is part of ____________________
a. the primary labour market.
b. the secondary labour market.
c. the exploited labour market.
d. the dual labour market.

7-24
Chapter 7
Answer: b
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
Page Reference: 179
59) Amarnath is a Ph.D. student in sociology studying how the lives of South Americans
were affected by the arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth Century. Which of the
following theoretical positions would Amarnath most likely adopt?
a. postcolonial theory
b. Marxist exploitation theory
c. Marxist colonial theory
d. multiracial theory
Answer: a
Diff: Moderate
Type: MC
60) Which best describes why individuals continue to carry racist attitudes, despite
scientific evidence to the contrary?
a. selective perception
b. contact hypothesis
c. stereotypes
d. racialization
Answer: a
Diff: Challenging
Type: MC
Page Reference: 180
Skill: Conceptual

7-25

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Exploring Sociology The Concise

Edition Canadian 1st Edition Ravelli

1) A member of a definable category of people that is socially disadvantaged is a member

2) What are the two components of membership in a minority group?

6) "Black people are natural athletes." This statement is an example of _______________

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page Reference: 171

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

12) ____________ can be defined as a stable and a sweeping generalization about a

14) "Dumb blonde" jokes are examples of ___________

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

16) ____________________ occurs when an institution employs policies or practices that

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

19) ________________ asserts that prejudice and discrimination originate in the

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page Reference: 177

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

27) The Canadian Aboriginal reserve system is an example of this pattern.

30) The Canadian federal government's 1969 White Paper sought to

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

d. affirm multiculturalism in Canada.

31) The contemporary Canadian approach to minority integration is _____________

32) Where in Canada are immigrants most likely to settle?

33) What is the largest country of origin for Canadian immigrants?

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Objective: Review the changing demographic picture of immigrants to Canada.

37) Canada's charter groups consist of ____________________

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

a. the French and English.

40) Sociologists define a minority as

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

41) Which of the following statements about minority groups is true?

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

44) The assignment of people to racial categories is primarily ______________

45) Which of the following statements about race is not true?

46) "Chinese students are good at mathematics." This statement is an example of

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

48) Internalized racism occurs

49) Which of the following is an example of an ecological fallacy?

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

50) Which of the following is not true about stereotypes?

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

54) Self-reports by racialized minorities of discrimination in the workplace include all of

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page Reference: 176

57) Critical race theory

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

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