Comparative International and Global

Justice Perspectives from Criminology

and Criminal Justice 1st Edition Banks
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1. Which of the following is NOT a theory for punishment?
a. Deterrence
b. Retribution
c. Rehabilitation
*d. Incarceration

2. Which theory of punishment is a utilitarian philosophy in which we punish to prevent crime?

*a. Deterrence
b. Retribution
c. Just Deserts
d. Rehabilitation

3. Which theory of punishment states that punishment is justified because it is deserved?

a. Deterrence
*b. Retribution
c. Incapacitation
d. Incarceration

4. Which theory of punishment utilizes sentencing guidelines that set punishment for each offense
according to the nature of the offense?
*a. Just Deserts
b. Retribution
c. Incapacitation
d. Rehabilitation

5. Which theory of punishment states that individual circumstances should be taken into account when
determining penalty?
a. Just Deserts
b. Deterrence
*c. Rehabilitation
d. Incapacitation

6. Which theory of punishment confines offenders so that they are no longer capable of committing
offenses?
a. Incarceration
*b. Incapacitation
c. Rehabilitation
d. Just Deserts

7. According to the 10th edition of the World Prison Population List, which country had the highest
prison population rate?
a. Russia
*b. The United States
c. Japan
d. England and Wales

8. According to the 10th edition of the World Prison Population list, which country had the lowest prison
population rate?
*a. Japan
B. England and Wales
c. Oceania
d. Russia

9. According to the 10th edition of the World Prison Population list, what is the world average for prison
population rates?
a. 51 per 100,000
b. 102 per 100,000
*c. 144 per 100,000
d. 475 per 100,000

10. Which of the following international conventions was passed in 1948 in order to prohibit cruel,
inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment for prisoners?
a. UN Minimum Standard Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
b. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
*c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
d. Istanbul Statement

11. Which of the following international conventions was passed in 2007 in order to limit the usage of
solitary confinement?
a. UN Minimum Standard Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
b. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
*d. Istanbul Statement

12. Which of the following international conventions was passed in to mandate what is accepted as
being good principle and practice in the treatment of prisoners and the management of institutions?
*a. UN Minimum Standard Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
b. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
d. Istanbul Statement

13. Which of the following international conventions says that the death penalty may only be imposed
for the most serious crimes, and not on underage people of pregnant women?
a. UN Minimum Standard Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners
*b. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
c. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
d. Istanbul Statement

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the top five U.S. states in which two-thirds of executions are
carried out?
a. Louisiana
b. Missouri
*c. Arizona
d. Florida

15. Out of the following Islamic nations, which does NOT permit the death penalty?
a. Saudi Arabia
b. The United Arab Emirates
c. Egypt
*d. Morocco

16. In how many U.S. states is the death penalty permitted?

a. 7
b. 21
*38.
d. 50

17. Which of the following is true in regards to the death penalty in the United States?
a. The majority of executions are concentrated in the South
b. It disproportionately targets poor blacks who commit crimes against white victims
c. It is energized by heinous crimes and racial hatreds
*d. All of the above

18. What is the means of carrying out the death penalty that is provided by the 1908 Japanese Penal
Code?
a. Electric Chair
*b. Hanging
c. Firing Squad
d. Lethal Injection

19. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to the death penalty in Japan?
*a. Only 10% of Japanese respondents favored the death penalty in a 2005 poll
b. There is an average of four hangings per year
c. Those waiting on death row are informed of their execution date/time an hour beforehand
d. Relatives are informed of the execution after it happens
20. What is the means of carrying out the death penalty that is preferred by the Chinese criminal justice
system?
a. Electric Chair
b. Hanging
c. Firing Squad
*d. Lethal Injection

21. During the campaign of which U.S. president did the term “three strikes and you’re out” become
popular?
a. Johnson
b. Kennedy
*c. Goldwater
d. Nixon

22. Which of the following did NOT present issues in the creation of a penal system in India?
a. The caste system
*b. Limited technology
c. Geography
d. Economic constraints

23. In which country was it common for two lines to be tattooed across a forearm to signify a recidivist?
a. China
b. Jamaica
*c. Japan
d. India

24. Which of the following was NOT used in Japanese judicial torture procedures?
*a. Flogging
b. “Hugging the stones”
c. The “lobster”
d. The suspension

25. What philosophies are said to have played an important role in shaping criminal punishment in China?
a. Confucianism
b. Legalism
c. Daoism
d. Buddhism
e. A and D
*f. All of the above

26. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to Chinese criminal punishment?
a. It ensures social control and corrects deviant minds
*b. The usage of torture was looked down upon
c. All powers were vested in the emperor and executed on his behalf
d. The prison system was based on Marxist theoretical framework

27. During which dynasty was there a move towards European criminal justice standards?
a. Qin
b. Han
*c. Manchu
d. Guomindang

28. Which of the following was true in China in regards to laogai?

a. Laogai was the punishment of reform through labor
b. It was a communist belief of redemption through labor
c. Work is the right and “glorious duty of every able-bodied citizen”
*d. A and C
e. All of the above

29. Which of the following was true in China in regards to the ‘strike hard’ campaigns?
a. Public arrests and sentencing rallies were intended to reduce crime
b. Criminality ended up increasing because of the brutalizing effect
c. Gangs accounted for only 20% of criminal offenses
*d. A and B
e. All of the above

30. During which dynasty was the Beijing Reform School created?
a. Qin
b. Han
c. Manchu
*d. Guomindang

31. What does the term “gaijin” mean?

a. A Japanese torture method encouraged by the Japanese Penal Code of 1908
*b. Now means foreigner, but originally used for “barbaric foreigners”
c. The brutal methods of social control used during the Japanese colonization of Korea
d. The idea that people of ‘inferior’ race require a different penal policy

32. Which of the following punishments were allowed historically in accordance with Japanese social
rank and relationships?
a. Children who murdered their parents were paraded and crucified
b. Women who murdered their husbands were burned at the stake
c. If a husband caught his wife with another man, he was entitled to kill his wife and the other man
d. B and C
*e. All of the above

33. Which of the following is NOT true in regards to ‘political prisoners’?

a. They were nationalist middle class prisoners that were differentiated from the ‘criminal’ population
b. They were allowed additional food, separate housing, family visits, and weekly letters
*c. They lived in the most unhygienic, bleak, and deprived prison conditions
d. A and B
e. A and C

34. Which of the following was NOT a common punishment in 18th and 19th century United States?
*a. Solitary confinement
b. Stocks
c. Branding
d. Mild mutilation

35. In what range are European maximum sentences?

a. 5-10 years
*b. 10-15 years
c. 15-20 years
c. 20+ years

36. The rehabilitation and reform initiatives of the 1850s in Jamaica were a massive success.
a. True
*b. False

37. The Penal Servitude Act of 1854 allowed for the release of prisoners who had served more than half
of their sentence, as long as they agreed to serve as agricultural laborers for three quarters of their
remaining time.
*a. True
b. False

38. The One Hundred Articles were published as penal code in Japan during the Yoshimune period.
*a. True
b. False

39. Japan has yet to adopt any Western-style modern prisons.

a. True
*b. False

40. The Chinese criminal punishment system relies heavily on reinforcing moral conformity through
religious ideals and belief systems.
a. True
*b. False

41. The U.S. prison population rate is the highest worldwide at 716 per 100,000 persons.
*a. True
b. False

42. According to Marxism, punishment has not been proven to deter crime.
*a. True
b. False

43. The Auburn system imposed solitary confinement on prisoners in order to allow them time to
commune with their consciences.
a. True
*b. False

44. The Pennsylvania system was preferred to the Auburn system.

a. True
*b. False

45. In the United States, the death penalty represents democracy in action.
*a. True
b. False

Type: E
46. Explain what forces have contributed to the U.S. becoming the only developed Western country to
retain the death penalty.
*a. Answers may vary

Type: E
47. Name and define three of the five theories for punishment, and then indicate whether studies
confirm or oppose this theory as a form of effective punishment.
*a. Answers may vary

Type: E
48. Compare and contrast the Japanese and Chinese criminal punishment methodologies throughout
history. To what extent has each culture been affected by Western-style modern criminal justice
movements?
*a. Answers may vary