Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

Animal Diversity 7th Edition Hickman Roberts

Keen Larson Eisenhour 0073524255
9780073524252
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Chapter 08
Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs,
Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

True / False Questions

1. Flatworms have three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

TRUE

2. The acoelomates are the simplest animals with three germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and
an organ-system level of organization.
TRUE

3. Most turbellarian flatworms are free-living, but the flukes and tapeworms are all parasitic.
TRUE

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

4. A number of Digenea are parasites of domestic animals and humans.

TRUE

5. The main ill effects in schistosomiasis result from damage done by the adult worms.
FALSE

6. Adult tapeworms live in the digestive tract of vertebrates.

TRUE

7. Humans become infected with Taenia solium by eating insufficiently cooked beef.
FALSE

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

8. Flatworms and cnidarians may have evolved from a common planuloid ancestor.
TRUE

9. Radial symmetry and cephalization evolved together in the acoelomate animals.

FALSE

10. The term tegument is most appropriate for reference to the living outer layer of
flatworms.
TRUE

11. Digenetic trematodes typically have a vertebrate as the definitive host and a mollusc as the
intermediate host.
TRUE

12. Many rotifers can reproduce parthenogenetically.

TRUE

13. Gastrotrichs are large, wormlike animals.

FALSE

14. The Acanthocephala are nonparasitic, freshwater worms.

FALSE

15. All pseudocoelomate organisms have a complete digestive tract.

FALSE

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

16. The pseudocoelomates include the cnidarians, the rotifers and the gnathostomulids.
FALSE

17. Flame cells are the primary excretory structures in rotifers.

FALSE

Multiple Choice Questions

18. Some characteristics of flatworms and ribbon worms are

A. bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomate.
B. acoelomate, diploblastic, bilateral symmetry.
C. radial symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomate.
D. diploblastic, radial symmetry, acoelomate.

19. The flatworms are more derived (or advanced) than the cnidarians because of their
A. circulatory and digestive systems.
B. circulatory and respiratory systems.
C. excretory and nervous systems.
D. respiratory and digestive systems.

20. The nervous system in planaria is

A. absent.
B. a nerve net.
C. a single ventral cord.
D. a ladder type.

21. "Ectolecithal" describes a situation in which

A. there is no yolk.
B. yolk is contained in separate cells outside the zygote.
C. yolk is concentrated at one end of the zygote.
D. yolk is found around the perimeter of the zygote.

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

22. In flame cells

A. flagella drive fluid through tubules.
B. digestion of proteins takes place.
C. excretion of proteins is one important function.
D. the heat is intense.

23. The monogenetic flukes

A. are mostly ectoparasites of fish.
B. are usually found in rabbits.
C. require an intermediate and a definitive host.
D. all of these

24. The intermediate host of the blood fluke Schistosoma is a

A. fish.
B. human.
C. snail.
D. dog.

25. Humans become infected with liver flukes by

A. eating infected raw fish.
B. eating infected snails.
C. drinking water contaminated with eggs.
D. swimming in infected waters.

26. Structures found in tapeworms but not in other flatworms are

A. proglottids.
B. scolex.
C. strobila.
D. all of these

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

27. Humans become infected with Taenia saginatus when they

A. eat poorly cooked fish.
B. eat poorly cooked pork.
C. eat poorly cooked beef.
D. all of these

28. Free-living flatworms have

A. ocelli.
B. tactile cells.
C. chemoreceptors.
D. all of these

29. Gnathostomulids might most typically be found

A. between sand grains in the ocean bottom.
B. living symbiotically with coral.
C. as a parasite in the respiratory system of vertebrates.
D. in wet moss.

30. Rotifers
A. are primarily marine.
B. are dioecious.
C. lack an excretory system.
D. lack a digestive tract.

31. The mastax of a rotifer is used for

A. respiration.
B. grinding food.
C. swimming.
D. pumping blood.

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

32. Acanthocephalans
A. parasitize fish, birds, and mammals.
B. are monoecious.
C. have a well-developed digestive tract.
D. are found in the host's liver.

33. A pseudocoelom allows for which of the following?

A. Greater freedom of movement
B. Space for development and differentiation of digestive, excretory and reproductive systems
C. A simple means of circulation
D. A storage place for waste products to be discharged to the outside
E. All of the above are true.

Fill in the Blank Questions

34. Since flatworms and ribbon worms lack a coelom or a pseudocoel, they are termed
____________ animals.
acoelomate

35. An organism with three distinct germ layers is termed _______________.

triploblastic

36. Turbellarians have light-sensitive organs called _________________.

ocelli

37. Most individual turbellarians contain organs of both sexes and are thus termed
_____________.
monoecious or hermaphroditic

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

38. Trematodes have a body covering known as a _________________.

tegument

39. Most monogeneans are external parasites of ______________.

fish

40. The posterior attachment organ of monogeneans is the ________________.

opisthaptor

41. The free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the
____________.
miracidium

42. Asexually reproducing stages of digeneans in their snail hosts are the _______________
and ___________________.
sporocyst; redia

43. People become infected with Schisitosoma when ___________ penetrate the skin.
cercariae

44. The repeated reproductive units of tapeworms are known as ________________.

proglottids

45. The holdfast of a tapeworm is its ______________.

scolex

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

46. The main body of the cestode is the ______________.

strobila, or chain of proglottids

47. Because of their body shape and metabolic requirements, early flatworms must have been
well predisposed toward _______________.
parasitism

48. In contrast to other flatworms, tapeworms lack a ___________________.

digestive tract

49. Turbellarians have rod-shaped ____________ in the epidermis which produce mucous.
rhabdites

50. Mesodermal cells, known as ___________ cells, fill the space between muscles and
visceral organs in flatworms.
parenchyma

51. The traditionally accepted class Turbellaria is ___________ because some ectolecithal
turbellarians should be allied with tematodes, monogeneans, and cestodes in a sister group.
paraphyletic

52. The pseudocoel is derived from the embryonic _______________.

blastocoel

53. Several pseudocoelomate groups have a constant number of cells or nuclei in the adults of
a given species. This condition is known as ________.
eutely

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Chapter 08 - Acoelomorpha, Platyzoa, and Mesozoa: Flatworms, Gastrotrichs, Gnathiferans, and Mesozoans

54. Rotifers have a unique ciliated crown known as the _________________.

corona

55. Eggs of rotifers that are unfertilized and develop parthenogenetically only into females are
described as _________, while those that undergo meiosis and are haploid are ___________.
amictic; mictic

56. Two distinctive features of Acanthocephala are a spiny proboscis and a _______________
system.
lacunar

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