1.

Design of Air Conditioning and Ventilation

1.1 General

1.2 Design Scope

This system will be designed to meet the Ventilation, Air-conditioning and Smoke control
of main powerhouse, auxiliary powerhouse and Ventilation design of switchyard.

1.3 Basic conditions of Design

1.3.1 Parameters of Outdoor design

Outdoor meteorological calculation parameters

Meteorological parameters of project site:

Extreme highest air temperature: 35

Outdoor temperature for ventilation in summer: 29.9
Outdoor dry-bulb temperature for air conditioning in summer: 32.3
Outdoor wet-bulb temperature for air conditioning in summer: 21.6
Outdoor daily mean temperature for air conditioning in summer: 27.7
Outdoor temperature for winter ventilation: 8
Outdoor calculation dry-bulb temperature for winter air conditioning: 6
Monthly maximum relative humidity:
79% Monthly minimum relative humidity:
64% Multi-year daily mean
maximum wind velocity: 2.5m/s

1.3.2 Parameters of Indoor Design

Item Summer Winter

Temperature (℃) Relative humidity Wind velocity in Temperature (Unit:
(%) work area ( m/s) ℃)
Normal operation period of generator Shutdown period of generator
Generator ≤30 ≤75 0.2～0.8 ≥10 ≥5
floor
Turbine floor ≤30 ≤80 0.2～0.8 ≥8 ≥5
Spiral case ≤30 － － ≥5 ≥5
floor
Pump house ≤30 ≤80 － ≥5 ≥5
Compressor ≤33 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
room
Mechanical ≤30 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
workshop
Electrical 28~30 ≤70 － 16 16
testing
laboratory
Battery room ≤30 ≤75 － ≥10 ≥5
Cable channel ≤35 － － － －
(room)
Electrical ≤35 － － ≥5 ≥5
equipment
room
Control room ≤27 45～70 0.2～0.5 18～20 18～20
Computer 21～25 45～65 ≤0.3 18～22 18～22
room
Office 26～28 45～70 ≤0.3 16～18 16～18

1.3.3 Conditions of Ventilation Data:

Item Ventilation

Ventilation mode Ventilation rate (Unit: time/h)

or fresh air volume required (
m3/h.person)
Generator floor Mechanical air inlet, 2 times/h
mechanical air inlet

Turbine floor Mechanical air inlet, 2times/h

mechanical air inlet

Spiral case floor Mechanical exhaust and 4times/h

natural air inlet

Gallery floor Mechanical exhaust and 4times/h

natural air inlet
Daft tube floor Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h
natural air inlet

Assembly bay Mechanical exhaust and 2 times/h

natural air inlet

Electrical equipment room Mechanical exhaust and 6 times/h

natural air inlet

Cable layer Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h

natural air inlet

Battery room Mechanical exhaust and 12 times/h

natural air inlet

Air compressor room Mechanical exhaust and 10 times/h

natural air inlet

Central control room Natural exhaust and 30m3/h.person

mechanical air inlet

Offices Natural exhaust and 30m3/h.person

mechanical air inlet

1.4 Design of Air conditioning and Ventilation

1.4.1 Ventilation design of main and auxiliary powerhouse

a. The main powerhouse includes generator floor, turbine floor, draft tube
floor, spiral case floor, service bay. According to outdoor weather
conditions and, heat from indoor equipment and heat from metal structure
it is calculated that the main powerhouse can meet requirements of the
indoor requirements by adopting mechanical ventilation and exhaust.
Modular Cabinet Fan air handling unit shall be used. The estimated
airflow of the main powerhouse is approximately 181020 m^3/hr250000
m3/hr.
b. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for oil
treatment room to exhaust oil mist which is also used for emergency
smoke exhaust. One set of explosion proof fan is used with a air change
rate per hour ACH of 10. Automatic exhaust fan (startup/shutdown)
operates in the room and can shutdown automatically in case of fire and
startup from outside of the fan room after the fire is put out in order to
exhaust smoke.
c. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for air
compressor room, electrical equipment room. The ventilation flow
calculation shall be based on 6-8 air change rate per hour (ACH).
 d. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for battery
room to exhaust harmful gases. Acid proof and explosion proof axial flow
fan shall be provided. The ventilation flow calculation shall be based on
10-12 air change rate per hour (ACH).
e. Mechanical exhaust is provided for toilets, with the ventilation flow
calculated based on 15 air change rate per hour (ACH).

Room Ventilation Flow Calculated by Design Minimum Room Air Change Rates

Room Volume
"V" (m3) Ventilation
Air Change DATA PROVIDED BY Flow
S No Area Altitude (m)
rate (h-1) POWER HOUSE CIVIL Qv=ACR∗V
DESIGN (Approximated (m3/h)
Volume)

1 Main Powerhouse
1.1 Cone Ring Floor 712 3 1800 5400
1.2 Turbine Floor 728.5 3 8500 25500
1.3 Generator Floor 739 2 45000 90000
1.4 Spiral Case Floor 724.3 2 8000 16000
1.4 Machine Repair Room 739 10 800 8000
144900
3 Transformer
Main Transformer
3.1 739 6 900 5400
Room
3.2 Pump Room 6 740 4440
3.3 GIS Room 0
9840
4 Auxiliary Powerhouse
Dewatering Pump
4.1 6 350 2100
Room
Pressure Air Equipment
4.2 8 650 5200
Room
4.3 Oil Tank Room 6 600 3600
Distribution Cabinet
4.5 10 850 8500
Room
4.6 Toilet 10 80 800
4.7 LCU Room 8 340 2720
4.8 Battery Room 8 420 3360
24180
Total Ventilation Flow 181020
As per the Table 1.4 the Ventilation flow is calculated as 1,83,000 m^/hr Taking a design margin
of 15% we get the Air flow as 1,99,122 m^3/hr.
 Hence 3 Cabinet fan of capacity 100000 m^3/hr is used for the Main and Auxiliary Powerhouse,
out of which 2 are working & 1 is standby.

The detailed list of ventilation equipment is attached below.

Ventilation Fan
Demand Specification
S.No Area (m^3/hr) (m^3/hr) Quantity
1 Main Powerhouse

1.1 Draft Tube Floor 5400 3000 2

1.2 Turbine Floor 25500
16000 2
1.3 Generator Floor 90000 24000 4
1.4 Spiral Case Floor 16000 9000 2
1.5 Machine Repair Room 8000 5500 2
‍
3 Transformer
3.1 Main Transformer Room 5400 6500 1
3.2 Pump Room 4440 6000 1
3.3 GIS Room
‍
4 Auxiliary Powerhouse
4.1 Dewatering Pump Room 2100 3000 1
4.2 Pressure Air Equipment Room 5200 6500 1
4.3 Oil Tank Room 3600 5000 1
4.5 Distribution Cabinet Room 8500 6000 2
4.6 Toilet 800 1200 1
4.7 LCU Room 2720 4300 1
4.8 Battery Room 3360 4500 1
200000

Ventilation Fan
Demand Specification
S.No Area (m^3/hr) (m^3/hr) Quantity
1 Main Powerhouse
1.1 Draft Tube Floor 5400 3000 2
1.2 Turbine Floor 25500 16000 2
1.3 Generator Floor 90000 24000 4
1.4 Spiral Case Floor 16000 9000 2
1.5 Machine Repair Room 8000 5500 2
‍
3 Transformer
3.1 Main Transformer Room 5400 6500 1
3.2 Pump Room 4440 6000 1
3.3 GIS Room
‍
4 Auxiliary Powerhouse
4.1 Dewatering Pump Room 2100 3000 1
4.2 Pressure Air Equipment Room 5200 6500 1
4.3 Oil Tank Room 3600 5000 1
4.5 Distribution Cabinet Room 8500 6000 2
4.6 Toilet 800 1200 1
4.7 LCU Room 2720 4300 1
4.8 Battery Room 3360 4500 1
200000
 1.4.2 Air conditioning design of auxiliary powerhouse

VRV system shall be designed for master control room, computer room, relay
protection room and offices. The outdoor units shall be arranged on the roof
of Auxiliary Powerhouse.

Fresh air unit shall be provided for Auxiliary powerhouse, where the fresh air
is heated in winter and cooled in summer through new fan and then delivered
to the rooms through air intake shaft.

1.4.2.1 Internal loads

The following components shall be dealt with in the proceeding items:

1.4.2.1.a Equipment Heat Emission

This load is due to heat dissipated by equipment in the building. The loads
are estimated from past experiences and different project experiences.

The summary of the equipment heat dissipation loads are shown as below:

Confer
Master Relay ence/ Total
Zone control Computer Document Resting protectio Meetin Cooling
Name rooms rooms Room Room n rooms Offices g room Load
Equipment
Heat
Emissi
on(K
W) 18 0.2 0.16 0.16 8 0.2 0.3 26.92

1.4.2.1.b. Lighting Heat Emission

 Total
Coolin
Master Relay Conference/
g Load
control Computer Document Resting protection Meeting
Zone Name rooms rooms Room Room rooms Offices room

Lighting Heat 1.6 0.3 0.18 0.18 1.2 0.25 0.4 4.31
Emission(KW)

1.4.2.1.c. Occupant load

Latent
Sensible Heat/
Heat/ Person Person
Zone Name Number of people (W) (W) Total (KW)
Master control rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Computer rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Document Room 3 90 30 0.36
Resting Room 5 90 30 0.6
 0
Relay protection rooms - - -
Offices 10 90 30 1.2

Conference/ Meeting
room 20 90 30 2.4
Total 5.76

1.4.2.2 External loads

 1.4.2.2.a Heat gain from building envelope

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient of Total

Coefficient of of of transmission calculated
transmission transmissi transmissio for door (fire loads (KW)
Zone Name for roof on for wall n for floor resistant)
Master
control 1.76 6.4746
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
Computer 1.76 4.7088
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
Document 1.76 3.01875
Room 0.9 1.73 3.02
Resting 1.76 3.5316
Room 0.9 1.73 3.02
Relay
protection 1.76 3.4335
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
1.76 3.5316
Offices 0.9 1.73 3.02
Conference/
Meeting 1.76 5.886
room 0.9 1.73 3.02
30.58485

Total

As per the preliminary load calculation the load is calculated as 68KW.

Taking a design factor of 15% the Total Cooling load is estimated to be 78KW.

VRV system shall be applied or any other suitable system for the master control
room, computer room, document room, resting room, relay protection room,
offices, conference/meeting rooms.

The detailed list of Air conditioning equipment is attached below

1 Air conditioned equipments BoQ

quan
 Indoor Units

1.1 4 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1KW NO.
(24,567Btu/Hr), size 570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU18GTQC2 or equal
approved.
1.2 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1KW NO.
(24,200Btu/Hr), size 840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU18GTPC2 or equal
approved.
1.3 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 4.2KW NO.
(14,330Btu/Hr), size 840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU38GTQC2 or equal
approved.
1.4 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 5.6KW NO.
(19,107Btu/Hr), size 570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal
approved.
1.5 2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1 KW NO.
(24567Btu/Hr), size 570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal
approved.
1.6 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 4.5KW NO.
(15,100Btu/Hr), size 570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal
approved.
1.7 2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 5.6KW NO.
(19,107Btu/Hr), size 570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal
approved.
Plant

1.8 Outdoor units, cooling capacity 84kW 30HP, as LG Multi-V IV NO.

ARUV300LTS4 model or equal approved. 415V 50Hz 3 phase.
 1.4.3 Dehumidification design of Powerhouse

The incoming fresh air will be dehumidified through air conditioning to prevent
moist air from entering the powerhouse. Economic and rational anti-corrosion
measures will be taken for equipment supporting members, water pipe and
air duct according to specific ambient conditions, including derusting,
painting, galvanizing, etc. In the meantime, insulation measures will be taken
for water pipe of turbine to avoid moisture condensation. Certain numbers of
dehumidifiers will be arranged at turbine floor and spiral case floor to ensure
the drying of the power station in any working conditions

1.4.4 Pipe and Insulation

The material of ducting shall be galvanized steel. All air conditioning and
smoke exhaust ducting shall be insulated with proper insulation material.

1.4.5 Smoke Exhaust Fan Calculation

Flow calculation of Smoke Exhaust System

Calculation formulas

Qex = qexAd

Where

Qex=smoke exhaust flow, m3/h.

Selected
Smoke Exhaust Flow Area of single zone smoke
Altitude per unit area qex selected for smoke exhaust fan
No Area (m) (m^3/h*m^2) exhaust (m^3/hr)
Generator
1 Floor 739 120 350 42000

1.4.6 Air Resistance and Pressure Drop Calculation of the system

1.5 Design Basis and Standards

a. ASHRAE Handbook, data and guidebook.

b. 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals.
c. ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality.
d. ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 15-2001 Safety Standard for Refrigeration
Systems.
e. ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 22-2004 Methods of Testing For Rating Water-
Cooled Refrigerant Condensers.
f. SMACNA.1998 HVAC Duct Construction Standards.