Design of Air conditioning and Ventilation

1 Basic conditions of Design

1.1 Outdoor meterological calculation parameters

Table 1.1

Outdoor Paramters (summer) Outdoor Paramters (winter)

Extreme highest air temperature: Outdoor temperature for winter ventilation:
35℃

Outdoor temperature for Outdoor calculation dry-bulb temperature for winter air
ventilation in summer: conditioning:
29.9℃

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature Monthly maximum relative humidity:

for air conditioning in summer:
32.3℃

Outdoor wet-bulb temperature Monthly minimum relative humidity:

for air conditioning in summer:
21.6℃

Outdoor daily mean temperature Multi-year daily mean maximum wind velocity:
for air conditioning in summer:
27.7℃
 1.2 Paramters of Indoor Design

Table 1.2

Winter
Summer

Item Temperature (Unit deg C)

Normal operation
Relative Humidity Wind velocity in work area period of Shutdown period of
Temperature deg C (%) (m/s) generator generator
Generator floor ≤30 ≤75 0.2～0.8 ≥10 ≥5

Turbine floor ≤30 ≤80 0.2～0.8 ≥8 ≥5

Spiral case floor ≤30 － － ≥5 ≥5

Pump house ≤30 ≤80 － ≥5 ≥5
Compressor room ≤33 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12

Mechanical workshop ≤30 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12

Electrical testing laboratory 28~30 ≤70 － 16 16

Battery room ≤30 ≤75 － ≥10 ≥5

Cable channel (room) ≤35 － － － －

Electrical equipment room ≤35 － － ≥5 ≥5

Control room ≤27 45～70 0.2～0.5 18～20 18～20
Computer room 21～25 45～65 ≤0.3 18～22 18～22
Office 26～28 45～70 ≤0.3 16～18 16～18

Condition of Ventilation
1.3 Design

Table 1.3

Ventilation
Item Air Change
Ventilation mode rate per hour
(ACH)
Mechanical air inlet,
Generator floor 2
mechanical air inlet
Mechanical air inlet,
Turbine floor 2
mechanical air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Spiral case floor 4
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Gallery floor 4
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Daft tube floor 4
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Assembly bay 2
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Electrical equipment room 6
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Cable layer 4
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Battery room 10
natural air inlet
Mechanical exhaust and
Air compressor room 12
natural air inlet
 Natural exhaust and
Central control room
mechanical air inlet

Natural exhaust and

Offices
mechanical air inlet

2 Design of Air conditioning and Ventilation

2.1 Ventilation design of Main and Auxiliary Powerhouse

Table 1.4

Room Ventilation Flow Calculated by Design Minimum Room Air Change Rates

Room Volume
"V" (m3)
Ventilation Flow
Air Change rate (h- DATA PROVIDED BY
S No Area Altitude (m) Qv=ACR∗V
1) POWER HOUSE CIVIL
(m3/h)
DESIGN (Approximate
Volume)

1 Main Powerhouse
1.1 Cone Ring Floor 712 3 1800 5400
1.2 Turbine Floor 728.5 3 8500 25500
1.3 Generator Floor 739 2 45000 90000
1.4 Spiral Case Floor 724.3 2 8000 16000
1.4 Machine Repair Room 739 10 800 8000
144900
3 Transformer
3.1 Main Transformer Room 739 6 900 5400
3.2 Pump Room 6 740 4440
3.3 GIS Room 0
9840
4 Auxiliary Powerhouse

4.1 Dewatering Pump Room 6 350 2100

4.2 Pressure Air Equipment Room 8 650 5200

4.3 Oil Tank Room 6 600 3600
4.5 Distribution Cabinet Room 10 850 8500
4.6 Toilet 10 80 800
4.7 LCU Room 8 340 2720
4.8 Battery Room 8 420 3360
24180
Total Ventilation Flow 181020

As per the Table 1.4 the

Ventilation flow is calculated as
1,83,000 m^/hr 181020 m^3/hr

Taking a design margin of 10 %

we get 199122 m^3/hr
3 Cabinet fan of capacity 100000
m^3/hr is used for the Main and
Auxiliary Powerhouse, out of
which 2 are working & 1 is
standby.

Ventilation load summary and Fan

data
 2.2 Air condition design of the Auxiliary Powerhouse

a、 Cooling DB(1%) 32.8℃

b、 Cooling MCWB(1%) 24.96℃

c、 Average Temperature of the Hottest Month 25.9℃
d、 Annual Average Temperature 24.8℃

2.2.1 Cooling load calculation of the Air conditioned rooms

2.2.1.a Internal loads

The following components shall be dealt with in the proceeding items:

2.2.1.a.i Equipment Heat Emission

This load is due to heat dissipated by equipment in the building. The loads estimated is from past experiences and different project experiences.

The summary of the equipment heat dissipation loads are shown as below:

Computer Relay protection

Zone Name Master control rooms rooms Document Room Resting Room rooms Offices Offices

Equipment Heat Emission(KW) 18 0.2 0.16 0.16 8 0.2 0.2

 2.2.1.a.ii Lighting Heat Emission

Formula:

Qs=qw*Fu*Fs*CLF
Where:

Qs Sensible cooling load in Watts

qw Total Lamp wattage
Fu Usage Factor(%)

Fs Special Allowance (refer to Table 4.1 ASHRAE GRP-158)

CLF cooling load factor = 1 (since lights will be turned on more than 16 Hrs per day)

Summary of the lighting heat emission is shown as below:

Computer Relay protection Conference/ Meeting

Zone Name Master control rooms rooms Document Room Resting Room rooms Offices room

Lighting Heat Emission(KW) 1.6 0.3 0.18 0.18 1.2 0.25 0.4

Occupants load (load due

2.2.1.a.iii to people)

Sensible Heat gain from people

(Qs):
 Qs=qs* No of people
Where
Sensible heat
gain per
qs person

Latent Heat gain from people (QI)

Latent heat
gain per
Qi person

No of people considered in each

room are shown as below:

Sensible Latent Heat/ Person

Zone Name Number of people Heat/ Person Total (KW)
(W)
(W)
Master control rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Computer rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Document Room 3 90 30 0.36
Resting Room 5 90 30 0.6
Relay protection rooms - - -
Offices 10 90 30 1.2

Conference/ Meeting room 20 90 30 2.4

Total 5.76

Total Internal loads 36.79

U factor Values (W/m^2K)
2.2.1.b External Loads Roof 0.9
Wall 1.76
 2.2.1.b.1 Heat gains from building envelope Floor 1.73
Door 3.02
1 Coefficient of transmission (U-value) Window (Double glazing 2.4

a. Coefficient of Transmission (U) for roof

Change in Total Cooling Load

Zone Name Area (m^2)
Temperature (KW)

Master control rooms 110 6 6.4746

Computer rooms 80 6 4.7088
Document Room 75 5 3.01875
Resting Room 60 6 3.5316
Relay protection rooms 70 5 3.4335
Offices 60 6 3.5316

Conference/ Meeting room 120 5 5.886

Total Cooling Load 30.58485

Total Cooling load (KW) 67.37485 KW

Design Margin 15 %

So from the preliminary Heat

load calculation for Air
conditioning the cooling load is
found to be 68KW. Taking a factor
of 15% we get 77.4810775
The selected outdoor unit for VRF
system is 84 KW

Smoke Exhaust Fan

2.3 Calculation

Flow Calculations of Smoke

Exhaust Systems

7.1.1 Calculation Formulas

Qex = qexAd
where
Qex=smoke exhaust flow, m3/h
qex=smoke exhaust flow per unit area, m3/(h·m2)
Ad=area of a single smoke exhaust zone, m2
Flow Calculations of Smoke Exhaust Systems

Smoke Exhaust Flow

Area of single zone selected Selected smoke
No Area Altitude (m) per unit area qex
for smoke exhaust exhaust fan (m^3/hr)
(m^3/h*m^2)

1 Generator Floor 739 120 350 42000

s (winter)

8℃

6℃

79%

64%

2.5m/s
Conference/ Meeting
room Total Load

0.3 26.92
Total Load

4.11
 KIBA HPP: Summary of Calculated HVAC Loads compared to BO
Refrigeration
Load (kW)

Block Name Room Name KW

1.1 Ground Floor

Master control rooms 24.47

Computer rooms 5.81

Document Room 3.72

Resting Room 4.47

Relay protection rooms 12.63

Offices 3.73

Conference/ Meeting 8.99

room
ads compared to BOQ Loads
Refrigeration BOQ KW Recommended Total KW Comments
Load (Btu/h) KW

BTU/HR

83,517.13 4X7.2 4X7.1 28.40 4 Ceiling cassettes

each 7.2 KW

19,821.95 1X7.2 1X7.1 7.10 1 Ceiling cassettes

7.2 KW

12,689.86 1X4.5 1X4.5 4.50 1 Ceiling cassettes

each 4.2 KW

15,258.89 1X5.6 1X5.6 5.60 4 Ceiling cassettes

each 5.6KW

43,110.56 2X7.2 2X7.1 14.20 6 Ceiling cassettes

each 5.6KW

12,733.71 1X4.5 1X4.5 4.50 2 Ceiling cassettes

each 7.1KW

30,663.83 2X5.6 2X5.6 11.20 1 Ceiling cassette at

4.5KW

1No.x84KW VRF 75.50 Maintain 1Nox84 KW

Outdoor Unit VRF Outdoor Unit
1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8
 2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11
2.12

2.13

2.14

3.1
KIBA HPP Bill of Quantities
Air conditioned equipments

Indoor Units

4 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1KW (24,567Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU18GTQC2 or equal approved.
1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1KW (24,200Btu/Hr), size
840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU18GTPC2 or equal approved.
1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 4.2KW (14,330Btu/Hr), size
840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU38GTQC2 or equal approved.
1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 5.6KW (19,107Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 7.1 KW (24567Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 4.5KW (15,100Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal cooling capacity 5.6KW (19,107Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model
No ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
Plant

Outdoor units, cooling capacity 84kW 30HP, as LG Multi-V IV ARUV300LTS4 model or

equal approved. 415V 50Hz 3 phase.
Ventilation Equipments

3 Cabinet fan of capacity 100000 m^3/hr (2W + 1S)

Axial flow Fan 3000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 16000 m^3/hr

Axial flow fan 9000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 25500 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 5500 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 6500 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 6000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 3000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 6500 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 5000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 6000 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 1200 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 4300 m^3/hr

Axial flow Fan 4500 m^3/hr

Smoke Exhaust Flow

Axial Flow fan of 42000 m^3/hr

 BoQ quantity

NO. 4

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 2

NO. 1

NO. 2

NO. 1
NO. 3

NO. 2

NO. 2

NO. 2

NO. 4

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 2
NO. 1

NO. 1

NO. 1

No 1
 Duct size
Duct Fitting Duct Air flow mm(Equivale
section No element L/s nt Round)

1000X500
1 Duct 1666.6667
(761)

1000X500
1' Louver 1666.6667
(761)

1000X500
2' Louver 1666.6667
(761)

3' Muffler

1000X500
2 Duct 1666.6667
(761)
1000X500
Fitting 1666.6667
(761)

Air
Volume
4'
Control
Damper
 5' Muffler

800X400
3 Duct 1666.6667
(609)
800X400
Fitting 1666.6667
(609)

Air
Volume 800X400
6' 1666.6667
Control (609)
Damper

800X400
4 Duct 1666.6667
(609)
800X400
Fitting 1666.6667
(609)
Fire
Damper
1000X6000
5 Duct 6666.6667
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 6666.6667
(2449)
1000X6000
6 Duct 15555.556
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 15555.556
(2449)
1000X6000
7 Duct 15555.556
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 15555.556
(2449)
1000X6000
8 Duct 15555.556
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 43333.333
(2449)
1000X6000
9 Duct 43333.333
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 43333.333
(2449)
 Duct size
Duct Fitting Duct Air flow mm(Equivale
section No element L/s nt Round)
2200X2200(2
1 Duct 27777.778
404)
Fire 2200X2200(2
1' 27777.778
Damper 404)

Manual Air
2200X2200(2
2' Volume 27777.778
404)
Dampers

2200X2200(2
3' Muffler 27777.778
404)
1800X1800
Duct 19305.556
(1967)
2
1800X1800
Fitting 19305.556
(1967)
1600X1600
Duct 12500
(1749)
3
1600X1600
Fitting
(1749)
1600X1250
Duct 10833.333
4 (1543)
Fitting
 1200X1200
Duct 8333.3333
5 (1311)
Fitting
800X800
Duct 1666.6667
(874)
Fitting
6
Fire
4'
Damper
 Air
Density 1.22 kg/m^3

Equivalen
t Round Duct Summary of Duct Total
diameter Velocity Velocity Length Loss Pressure Pressure
mm (m/s) Pressure Pa (m) coefficient Loss Pa/m Loss Pa

761 0.916537 0.51242393954 10 0.15 1.5

761 0.916537 0.51242393954 25

761 0.916537 0.51242393954 25

100

761 0.916537 0.51242393954 8 0.15 1.2

761 0.916537 0.51242393954 0.56 0.513260467

 100

609 1.431148 1.24939242227 5 0.45 2.25

609 1.431148 1.24939242227 0.108 1.788065336 0.154563973

609 1.431148 1.24939242227

609 1.431148 1.24939242227 5 0.45 2.25

609 1.431148 1.24939242227 0.108 0.154563973

2449 0.353999 0.07644214768 10 0.0072 0.072

2449 0.353999 0.07644214768 0.4 0.141599433

2449 0.825997 0.41618502624 12 0.0041 0.0492

2449 0.825997 0.41618502624 0.03 0.024779901

2449 0.825997 0.41618502624 10 0.0041 0.041

2449 0.825997 0.41618502624 0.04 0.033039868

2449 0.825997 0.41618502624 10 0.0041 0.041

2449 2.300991 3.22968073934 0.084 0.193283226

2449 2.300991 3.22968073934 10 0.0032 0.032

2449 2.300991 3.22968073934 0.1084 0.249427401

 Equivalent Round Duct conversion
D=1.3(ab
)^0.625/
(a+b)^0.2
50 874.53227186386

Equivalen
t Round Duct Summary of Duct Total
diameter Velocity Velocity Length Loss Pressure Pressure
mm (m/s) Pressure Pa (m) coefficient Loss Pa/m Loss Pa
2404 1.530731 1.4293141198 10 0.15 1.5

2404 1.530731 25

2404 25

2404 50

1967 1.589073 1.54034394891 8 0.15 1.2

1967 1.589073 0.56 0.889881059

1749 1.30137 1.03307375127 5 0.45 2.25

1749 0 0 0.108 0 0

1543 1.449108 1.28094666442 5 0.45 2.25

1543 0 0 0.108 0
1311 1.54413 1.45444492301 10 0.0072 0.072
1311 0 0 0.4 0
874 0.694858 0.29452509691 12 0.0041 0.0492
1196 0 0 0.03 0
25
Section
Pressure
Loss Pa

151.5
101.71326047

2.40456397

2.40456397

0.21359943

0.0739799

0.07403987

0.23428323

0.2814274
258.899718

Section
Pressure
Loss Pa

101.5

2.08988106

2.25

2.25
0.072

0.0492
1 Paramters of Indoor Design

Item Summer Winter

Temperature (Unit deg C)

Shutdo
wn
period
Wind velocity Normal operation of
Relative in work area period of generat
Temperature deg C Humidity (%) (m/s) generator or

Generator
≤30 ≤75 0.2～0.8 ≥10 ≥5
floor

Turbine floor ≤30 ≤80 0.2～0.8 ≥8 ≥5

Spiral case
≤30 － － ≥5 ≥5
floor

Pump house ≤30 ≤80 － ≥5 ≥5

Compressor
≤33 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
room

Mechanical
≤30 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
workshop

Electrical
testing 28~30 ≤70 － 16 16
laboratory
Battery
≤30 ≤75 － ≥10 ≥5
room
 Cable
channel ≤35 － － － －
(room)
Electrical
equipment ≤35 － － ≥5 ≥5
room
Control
≤27 45～70 0.2～0.5 18～20 18～20
room
Computer
21～25 45～65 ≤0.3 18～22 18～22
room

Office 26～28 45～70 ≤0.3 16～18 16～18

2 Outdoor meterological calculation parameters

Outdoor Paramters (summer) Outdoor Paramters (winter)

Extreme highest air Outdoor temperature for
temperature: 35℃ 35℃ winter ventilation: 8℃

Outdoor temperature Outdoor calculation dry-bulb

for ventilation in temperature for winter air
summer: 29.9℃ 29.9℃ conditioning: 6℃

Outdoor dry-bulb Monthly maximum relative

temperature for air humidity:
conditioning in
summer: 32.3℃ 32.3℃ 79%

Outdoor wet-bulb Monthly minimum relative

temperature for air humidity:
conditioning in
summer: 21.6℃ 21.6℃ 64%
 Outdoor daily mean Multi-year daily mean
temperature for air maximum wind velocity:
conditioning in
summer: 27.7℃ 27.7℃ 2.5m/s

3 Ventilation Equipment specification

Fan
Specification
S.No Area Ventilation Demand (m^3/hr) (m^3/hr) Quantity

1 Main Powerhouse

1.1 Cone Ring Floor 5400 3000 2

1.2 Turbine Floor 25500 16000 2
1.3 Generator Floor 90000 24000 4

1.4 Spiral Case Floor 16000

9000 2
Machine Repair
1.5 8000
Room 5500 2

3 Transformer
Main Transformer
3.1 5400
Room 6500 1
3.2 Pump Room 4440 6000 1
3.3 GIS Room

Auxiliary
4
Powerhouse
 Dewatering Pump
4.1 2100
Room 3000 1
Pressure Air
4.2 5200
Equipment Room 6500 1
4.3 Oil Tank Room 3600 5000 1
Distribution Cabinet
4.5 8500
Room 6000 2
4.6 Toilet 800 1200 1
4.7 LCU Room 2720 4300 1
4.8 Battery Room 3360 4500 1
200000

4 Total Cooling load Calculation

S.No Types of load Load Value in KW

1 Internal load 36.79

2 External load 30.58485
3 Design Margin % 15
Total Cooling load
4 (KW) 77.4810775
5 Motor Power (KW) 22

5 Smoke Exhaust flow Calculation

Selected
Smoke Exhaust Area of single
smoke
No Area Altitude (m) Flow per unit zone selected exhaust
area qex for smoke
fan
(m^3/h*m^2) exhaust
(m^3/hr)

1 Generator Floor 739 120 350 42000

 6 Air resistance calculation for the fresh air supply system

Air Density 1.22 kg/m^3

Sum
mar
y of
Equivalent Velocit Loss
Duct Duct size Round y Duct coef
sectio mm(Equival diameter Velocity Pressu Length ficie
n Fitting No Duct element Air flow L/s ent Round) mm (m/s) re Pa (m) nt
1000X500
1 Duct 1666.66666666667 761 0.916537 0.51242 10
(761)
1000X500
1' Louver 1666.66666666667 761 0.916537 0.51242
(761)
1000X500
2' Louver 1666.66666666667 761 0.916537 0.51242
(761)
3' Muffler
1000X500
2 Duct 1666.66666666667 761 0.916537 0.51242 8
(761)
1000X500
Fitting 1666.66666666667 761 0.916537 0.51242 0.56
(761)

Air Volume
4'
Control Damper

5' Muffler
800X400
3 Duct 1666.66666666667 609 1.431148 1.24939 5
(609)
800X400
Fitting 1666.66666666667 609 1.431148 1.24939 0.11
(609)
 Air Volume 800X400
6' 1666.66666666667 609 1.431148 1.24939
Control Damper (609)

800X400
4 Duct 1666.66666666667 609 1.431148 1.24939 5
(609)
800X400
Fitting 1666.66666666667 609 1.431148 1.24939 0.11
(609)
Fire Damper
1000X6000
5 Duct 6666.66666666667 2449 0.353999 0.07644 10
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 6666.66666666667 2449 0.353999 0.07644 0.4
(2449)
1000X6000
6 Duct 15555.5555555556 2449 0.825997 0.41619 12
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 15555.5555555556 2449 0.825997 0.41619 0.03
(2449)
1000X6000
7 Duct 15555.5555555556 2449 0.825997 0.41619 10
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 15555.5555555556 2449 0.825997 0.41619 0.04
(2449)
1000X6000
8 Duct 15555.5555555556 2449 0.825997 0.41619 10
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 43333.3333333333 2449 2.300991 3.22968 0.08
(2449)
1000X6000
9 Duct 43333.3333333333 2449 2.300991 3.22968 10
(2449)
1000X6000
Fitting 43333.3333333333 2449 2.300991 3.22968 0.11
(2449)
2.5m/s
Duct Total
Pressur Pressur
e Loss e Loss
Pa/m Pa
0.15 1.5

25

25
100
0.15 1.2

0.51326

100
0.45 2.25

1.78807 0.154564
 0.45 2.25

0.154564

0.0072 0.072

0.141599

0.0041 0.0492

0.02478

0.0041 0.041

0.03304

0.0041 0.041

0.193283

0.0032 0.032

0.249427
258.8997