1.

Design of Air Conditioning and Ventilation

1.1 General

In this calculation sheet, the following data are calculated and selected
calculation of ventilation system, smoke exhaust system and air-
conditioning system. Mechanical and Natural Ventilation system is
selected for main & auxiliary powerhouse. The control rooms are
equipped with VRF unit air conditioning.

1.2 Design Scope

This system will be designed to meet the Ventilation, Air-conditioning and

Smoke control of main powerhouse, auxiliary powerhouse.

1.3 Design Basis and Standards

S.No Standard

1 ASHRAE Handbook, data and guidebook.

2 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals.

3 ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air

Quality.

4 ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 15-2001 Safety Standard for Refrigeration

Systems.

5 ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 22-2004 Methods of Testing For Rating Water-

Cooled Refrigerant Condensers.

6
SMACNA.1998 HVAC Duct Construction Standards
 and Ventilation design of switchyard.

1.4 Basic conditions of Design

1.5

1.43.1 Parameters of Outdoor design

Outdoor meteorological calculation parameters

Meteorological parameters of project site:

Extreme highest air temperature: 35

Outdoor temperature for ventilation in summer: 29.9

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature for air conditioning in summer: 32.3

Outdoor wet-bulb temperature for air conditioning in summer: 21.6

Outdoor daily mean temperature for air conditioning in summer: 27.7

Outdoor temperature for winter ventilation: 8

Outdoor calculation dry-bulb temperature for winter air conditioning:

6

Monthly maximum relative humidity:

79%

Monthly minimum relative humidity:

64%

Multi-year daily mean

maximumMaximum wind velocity: 2.5m/s

1.43.2 Parameters of Indoor Design

Item Summer Winter
Temperature (℃) Relative humidity Wind velocity in Temperature (Unit:
(%) work area ( m/s) ℃)
Normal operation period of generator Shutdown period of generator
Generator floor ≤30 ≤75 0.2～0.8 ≥10 ≥5
Turbine floor ≤30 ≤80 0.2～0.8 ≥8 ≥5
Spiral case ≤30 － － ≥5 ≥5
floor
Pump house ≤30 ≤80 － ≥5 ≥5
Compressor ≤33 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
room
Mechanical ≤30 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
workshop
Electrical 28~30 ≤70 － 16 16
testing
laboratory
Battery room ≤30 ≤75 － ≥10 ≥5
Cable channel ≤35 － － － －
(room)
Electrical ≤35 － － ≥5 ≥5
equipment
room
Control room ≤27 45～70 0.2～0.5 18～20 18～20
Computer 21～25 45～65 ≤0.3 18～22 18～22
room
Office 26～28 45～70 ≤0.3 16～18 16～18

Item Summer Winter

Temperature (℃) Relative humidity Wind velocity in Temperature (Unit:
(%) work area ( m/s) ℃)
Normal operation period of generator Shutdown period of generator
Generator floor ≤30 ≤75 0.2～0.8 ≥10 ≥5
Turbine floor ≤30 ≤80 0.2～0.8 ≥8 ≥5
Spiral case ≤30 － － ≥5 ≥5
floor
Pump house ≤30 ≤80 － ≥5 ≥5
Compressor ≤33 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
room
Mechanical ≤30 ≤75 － ≥12 10~12
workshop
Electrical 28~30 ≤70 － 16 16
testing
laboratory
Battery room ≤30 ≤75 － ≥10 ≥5
 Cable channel ≤35 － － － －
(room)
Electrical ≤35 － － ≥5 ≥5
equipment
room
Control room ≤27 45～70 0.2～0.5 18～20 18～20
Computer 21～25 45～65 ≤0.3 18～22 18～22
room
Office 26～28 45～70 ≤0.3 16～18 16～18

1.43.3 Conditions of Ventilation Data:

Item Ventilation

Ventilation mode Ventilation rate (Unit:

time/h) or fresh air
volume required (
m3/h.person)
Generator floor Mechanical air inlet, 2 times/h
mechanical air inlet

Turbine floor Mechanical air inlet, 3 times/h

mechanical air inlet

Spiral case floor Mechanical exhaust and 2times/h

natural air inlet

Gallery floor Mechanical exhaust and 4times/h

natural air inlet

Daft tube floor Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h

natural air inlet

Assembly bay Mechanical exhaust and 2 times/h

natural air inlet

Electrical equipment room Mechanical exhaust and 6 times/h

natural air inlet

Cable layer Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h

natural air inlet

Battery room Mechanical exhaust and 12 times/h

natural air inlet
Air compressor room Mechanical exhaust and 10 times/h
natural air inlet

Item Ventilation

Ventilation mode Ventilation rate (Unit: time/h)

or fresh air volume required (
m3/h.person)

Generator floor Mechanical air inlet, 2 times/h

mechanical air inlet
Turbine floor Mechanical air inlet, 2times/h
mechanical air inlet
Spiral case floor Mechanical exhaust and 4times/h
natural air inlet
Gallery floor Mechanical exhaust and 4times/h
natural air inlet
Daft tube floor Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h
natural air inlet
Assembly bay Mechanical exhaust and 2 times/h
natural air inlet
Electrical equipment room Mechanical exhaust and 6 times/h
natural air inlet
Cable layer Mechanical exhaust and 4 times/h
natural air inlet
Battery room Mechanical exhaust and 12 times/h
natural air inlet
Air compressor room Mechanical exhaust and 10 times/h
natural air inlet
Central control room Natural exhaust and 30m3/h.person
mechanical air inlet
Offices Natural exhaust and 30m3/h.person
mechanical air inlet

1.6 Design of Air conditioning and Ventilation

 i. Ventilation design of main and auxiliary powerhouse

a. The main powerhouse includes generator floor, turbine floor, draft

tube floor, spiral case floor, service bay. According to outdoor
weather conditions and, heat from indoor equipment and heat from
metal structure it is calculated that the main powerhouse can meet
requirements of the indoor requirements by adopting mechanical
ventilation and exhaust. Cabinet Fan shall be used. The estimated
airflow of the main powerhouse is approximately 181020 m^3/hr.

b. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for oil

treatment room to exhaust oil mist which is also used for
emergency smoke exhaust. One set of explosion proof fan is used
with a air change rate per hour ACH of 610. Automatic exhaust fan
(startup/shutdown) operates in the room and can shutdown
automatically in case of fire and startup from outside of the fan
room after the fire is put out in order to exhaust smoke.

c. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for air

compressor room, electrical equipment room. The ventilation flow
calculation shall be based on 6-8 air change rate per hour (ACH).

d. Independent mechanical exhaust system shall be provided for

battery room to exhaust harmful gases. Acid proof and explosion
proof axial flow fan shall be provided. The ventilation flow
calculation shall be based on 810-1012 air change rate per hour
(ACH).

e. Mechanical exhaust is provided for toilets, with the ventilation flow

calculated based on 1015 air change rate per hour (ACH).

Room Ventilation Flow Calculated by Design Minimum Room Air Change Rates

Room Volume
"V" (m3) Ventilation
Air Change DATA PROVIDED BY Flow
S No Area Altitude (m)
rate (h-1) POWER HOUSE CIVIL Qv=ACR∗V
DESIGN (Approximated (m3/h)
Volume)

Main
1
Powerhouse
Cone Ring
1.1 712 3 1800 5400
Floor
 Turbine
1.2 728.5 3 8500 25500
Floor
Generator
1.3 739 2 45000 90000
Floor
Spiral Case
1.4 724.3 2 8000 16000
Floor
Machine
1.4 Repair 739 10 800 8000
Room
144900
3 Transformer
Main
3.1 Transformer 739 6 900 5400
Room
3.2 Pump Room 6 740 4440
3.3 GIS Room 0
9840
Auxiliary
4
Powerhouse
Dewatering
4.1 6 350 2100
Pump Room
Pressure Air
4.2 Equipment 8 650 5200
Room
Oil Tank
4.3 6 600 3600
Room
Distribution
4.5 Cabinet 10 850 8500
Room
4.6 Toilet 10 80 800
4.7 LCU Room 8 340 2720
Battery
4.8 8 420 3360
Room
24180
Total Ventilation Flow 181020

As per the Table 1.4 the Ventilation flow is calculated as 1,83,000 m^/hr Taking a design
margin of 15% we get the Air flow as 1,99,122 m^3/hr.

Hence 3 Cabinet fan of capacity 100000 m^3/hr is used for the Main and Auxiliary
Powerhouse, out of which 2 are working & 1 is standby.

The detailed list of ventilation equipment is attached below.

Ventilation Fan
Demand Specification
S.No Area (m^3/hr) (m^3/hr) Quantity
1 Main Powerhouse
1.1 Draft Tube Floor 5400 3000 2
1.2 Turbine Floor 25500
16000 2
1.3 Generator Floor 90000 24000 4
1.4 Spiral Case Floor 16000 9000 2
1.5 Machine Repair Room 8000 5500 2

3 Transformer
3.1 Main Transformer Room 5400 6500 1
3.2 Pump Room 4440 6000 1
3.3 GIS Room

4 Auxiliary Powerhouse
4.1 Dewatering Pump Room 2100 3000 1
4.2 Pressure Air Equipment Room 5200 6500 1
4.3 Oil Tank Room 3600 5000 1
4.5 Distribution Cabinet Room 8500 6000 2
4.6 Toilet 800 1200 1
4.7 LCU Room 2720 4300 1
4.8 Battery Room 3360 4500 1
200000
 ii. Air conditioning design of auxiliary powerhouse

VRV system shall be designed for master control room, computer

room, relay protection room and offices. The outdoor units shall be
arranged on the roof of Auxiliary Powerhouse.

Fresh air unit shall be provided for Auxiliary powerhouse, where the
fresh air is heated in winter and cooled in summer through new fan and
then delivered to the rooms through air intake shaft.

A.1.4.2.1 Internal loads

The following components shall be dealt with in the proceeding items:

a. 1.4.2.1.a Equipment Heat Emission

This load is due to heat dissipated by equipment in the building. The

loads are estimated from past experiences and similardifferent project
experiences.

The summary of the equipment heat dissipation loads are shown as

below:

Confere
Master Relay nce/ Total
Zone control Computer Document Resting protectio Meetin Cooling
Name rooms rooms Room Room n rooms Offices g room Load
Equipment
Heat
Emissi
on(K
W) 18 0.2 0.16 0.16 8 0.2 0.3 26.92
 b. 1.4.2.1.b. Lighting Heat Emission

Total
Coolin
Master Relay Conference/
g Load
control Computer Document Resting protection Meeting
Zone Name rooms rooms Room Room rooms Offices room

Lighting Heat 1.6 0.3 0.18 0.18 1.2 0.25 0.4 4.31
Emission(KW)

Total
Coolin
Master Relay Conference/
g Load
control Computer Document Resting protection Meeting
Zone Name rooms rooms Room Room rooms Offices room

Lighting Heat 1.6 0.3 0.18 0.18 1.2 0.25 0.4 4.31
Emission(KW)

c. 1.4.2.1.c. Occupant load

Latent
Sensible Heat/
Heat/ Person Person
Zone Name Number of people (W) (W) Total (KW)
Master control rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Computer rooms 5 90 30 0.6
Document Room 3 90 30 0.36
Resting Room 5 90 30 0.6
 0
Relay protection rooms - - -
Offices 10 90 30 1.2

Conference/ Meeting
room 20 90 30 2.4
Total 5.76
 B. 1.4.2.2 External loads

a. Heat 1.4.2.2.a Heat gain from building envelope

Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient of Total

of of of transmission calculated
transmissio transmissi transmissio for door (fire loads (KW)
Zone Name n for roof on for wall n for floor resistant)
Master control 1.76 6.4746
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
Computer 1.76 4.7088
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
Document 1.76 3.01875
Room 0.9 1.73 3.02
1.76 3.5316
Resting Room 0.9 1.73 3.02
Relay
protection 1.76 3.4335
rooms 0.9 1.73 3.02
1.76 3.5316
Offices 0.9 1.73 3.02

Conference/ 1.76 5.886

Meeting room 0.9 1.73 3.02

30.58485

Total

As per the preliminary load calculation the load is calculated as 68KW.

Taking a design factor of 15% the Total Cooling load is estimated to be
78KW.

VRV system shall be applied or any other suitable system for the master
control room, computer room, document room, resting room, relay
protection room, offices, conference/meeting rooms.

The detailed list of Air conditioning equipment is attached below

1 Air conditioned equipments BoQ

quantity

Indoor Units

1.1 4 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 4

cooling capacity 7.1KW (24,567Btu/Hr)), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU18GTQC2 or equal approved.
1.2 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 1
cooling capacity 7.1KW (24,200Btu/Hr), size
840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU18GTPC2 or equal approved.
1.3 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 1
cooling capacity 4.2KW (14,330Btu/Hr), size
840x840x204mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU38GTQC2 or equal approved.
1.4 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 1
cooling capacity 5.6KW (19,107Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
1.5 2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 2
cooling capacity 7.1 KW (24567Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
1.6 1 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 1
cooling capacity 4.5KW (15,100Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
1.7 2 Way Ceiling cassette fan coil, of nominal NO. 2
cooling capacity 5.6KW (19,107Btu/Hr), size
570x570x256mm, complete with front panels and
all accessories, as LG Multi-V IV Model No
ARNU15GTQC2 or equal approved.
Plant

1.8 Outdoor units, cooling capacity 84kW 30HP, as NO. 1

LG Multi-V IV ARUV300LTS4 model or equal
approved. 415V 50Hz 3 phase.

iii. Dehumidification design of Powerhouse

The incoming fresh air will be dehumidified through air conditioning to

prevent moist air from entering the powerhouse. Economic and rational
anti-corrosion measures will be taken for equipment supporting
members, water pipe and air duct according to specific ambient
conditions, including derusting, painting, galvanizing, etc. In the
meantime, insulation measures will be taken for water pipe of turbine
to avoid moisture condensation. Certain numbers of dehumidifiers will
be arranged at turbine floor and spiral case floor to ensure the drying
of the power station in any working conditions

iv. Pipe and Insulation

The material of ducting shall be galvanized steel. All air conditioning

and smoke exhaust ducting shall be insulated with proper insulation
material.

v. Smoke Exhaust Fan Calculation

Flow calculation of Smoke Exhaust System

Calculation formulas

Qex = qexAd
 Where

Qex=smoke exhaust flow, m3/h.

Selected
Smoke Exhaust Flow Area of single zone smoke
Altitude per unit area qex selected for smoke exhaust fan
No Area (m) (m^3/h*m^2) exhaust (m^3/hr)
Generator
1 Floor 739 120 350 42000

vi. Air Resistance and Pressure Drop Calculation of the

system

Total Pressure Calculation method

(1) (1) Velocity pressure

The velocity pressure is Pv = ρv^2/2,

Where

Ps velocity pressure, Pa

v fluid mean velocity, m/s

(2) Total pressure

The total pressure is

P= Pt + Ps

Where

Pt total pressure, Pa

Ps static pressure, Pa

vii.
Design Basis and Standards

ASHRAE Handbook, data and guidebook.

2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals.

ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.

ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 15-2001 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems.

ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 22-2004 Methods of Testing For Rating Water-Cooled Refrigerant
Condensers.

SMACNA.1998 HVAC Duct Construction Standards.