MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALS
P R E PA R E D BY:
E N G R . Y U R I M . VA L E N C I A
ENGINEER II
M AT E R I A L S T E S T I N G D I V I S I O N
MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
Reinforcing Steel bar
❖ A steel product of
plain, round or deformed
cross-section for concrete
reinforcement
Classification
Deformed Steel Bar – surface of which is provided
with lugs or protrusions called deformation.
Classification
Plain Steel bar – without surface deformations.
Dowel Bars – provide a
mechanical connection
between slab without
restricting horizontal joint
movement
Grade
❖Grade - Steel bar shall be graded according to
its minimum yield strength.

❖Grade 280 (40) bars are furnished only in sizes 3 through 6 (10 mm through
19 mm)

❖Grade 420 (60) bars are furnished in all sizes from 10 mm to 57 mm

Length & Sizes
❖ Length – available 5.0, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5 and
12.0 meter

❖Grade 280 (40) bars are furnished only in sizes 3 through 6

(10 mm through 19 mm)
Uses
❖ Embedded in concrete for purpose
of resisting particular stresses
❖ Prevents the progressive opening
of cracks by holding the edges of the
cracks closely together
Sampling / Minimum Testing Requirement
❖ Quality Test (QT)
❖ One (1) (QT) for every 10,000 kgs or fraction thereof for each
size

❖ Test Specimen:
❖ 1 – meter representative of the size of steel bar intended for test
 TESTS ON
REINFORCING STEEL
BARS
Variation in Mass
❖ The test determines the actual size of the bar based on Weight
Measurement per one-meter length and determines its variation
to the standard nomincal mass per respective size of the steel bar.

❖ DPWH Specification: Variation in Mass, %: Shall not exceed 6% under

nominal weight except for bars smaller than 3/8 in. (10mm) plain round. In no
case shall overweight be the cause for rejection
Weight measurement per meter length of steel bar
Review
Deformation Measurements
❖ Average Spacing
❖ The average spacing of deformations shall be
determined by measuring the length of a minimum of 10
spaces and dividing that length by the number of spaces
included in the measurement. The measurement shall
begin from a point on a deformation at the beginning of
the first space to a corresponding point on a deformation
after the last included space.
Average Spacing
Deformation Measurements
❖ Average Height (Height of the lug)
❖ The average height of deformations shall be determined
from measurements made on not less than two typical
deformations.
❖ Determinations shall be based on three measurements per
deformation, one at the center of the overall length and the
other two at the quarter points of the overall length.
Average Height
Deformation Measurements
❖ Gap (Width of the Rib)
❖ Where the ends terminate in a longitudinal, the width of the
longitudinal rib shall be considered the gap
Gap
Tensile Properties
❖ The test is intended to determine the
yield and tensile strength of the bar as well as
its elongation, and is used to classify the bars into
grade.
Tensile Properties
❖ Yield strength is the maximum stress that can be applied before
it begins to change shape permanently. This is an approximation of
the elastic limit of the steel. If stress is added to the metal but does
not reach the yield point, it will return to its original shape after the
stress is removed.

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

Yield Strength = 𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛
Tensile Properties
❖ Tensile Strength is measured by the maximum stress that the
steel can withstand while being stretched or pulled before
breaking.

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡

Tensile Strength = 𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠−𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛
Tensile Properties
❖ Elongation is the percentage of stretch from the original
length of the steel to the point of failure, showing how ductile
the steel is

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,𝑚𝑚 −𝐺𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑚𝑚

Elongation %= 𝐺𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ,𝑚𝑚
x 100
Stress-Strain Diagram
Cold Bend Test
❖ The test is one of the methods in evaluating the ductile properties
of the reinforcing steel bars.

❖ Reporting: Examine carefully the bent portion for any sign of

cracking on the outside bend and report with satisfactory when no
cracks appear and unsatisfactory when sign of crack occurs
Cold Bend Test
❖ The test evaluates the ductile properties of rebars
❖ DPWH Specificaion: Phosphorus Content, % = 0.06 Max
Specifications
Specifications
Specifications
Test Reports
Acceptance and Rejection:
❖ Rejection:
❖ Insufficient height, insufficient circumferential coverage, or
excessive spacing of deformations shall not constitute for rejection.
❖ No rejection shall be made on the basis of measurements if fewer
than ten adjacent deformations of each side of the bar are
measured.
❖ In no case shall overweight (excess mass) of any deformed bar be
the cause for rejection
Acceptance and Rejection:
❖ Retest:
❖ If any tensile property of any tension test specimen is less that that
specified, and any part of the fracture is outside the middle third of the
gage length, as indicated by scribe scratched marked on the specimen after
testing, a retest shall be allowed.

❖ If the results of an original tension speciment fail to meet the specified

minimum requirements and are within 14 MPa (2000 psi) of the required
tensile strength, within 7 MPa (1000 psi) of the required yield point, or
within two percentage units of the required elongation, a retest shall be
permitted on two random specimens for each original tension specimen
failure from the lot. Both retest specimens shall meet the requirements of
the specifications
Acceptance and Rejection:
❖ Retest:
❖ If a weight (mass) test fails for reasons other than flaws in the
specimen, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens, a
retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same
lot. Both retest specimens shall meet the requirements of the
specifications.
Thank You!