A.

READING

Part 1. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D to answer or
complete each of the following questions.

The population of the world has increased more in modem times than in all other ages
of history combined. World population totalled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled
in the period from 1650 - 1850. Today the population is more than six billion.
Estimates based on research by the United Nations indicate that it will more than
double in the twenty-five years between 2035 and the year 2060.

No one knows the limits of population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus,
an English economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the
nineteenth century. He suggested that because world population tended to increase
more rapidly than food supply, we should continuously constrain available resources.
Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics and other disasters as the usual limitations of
population growth. With recent advances in science and technology, including
improved agricultural methods and great progresses in medicine, some of the limiting
factors in population growth have been lessened, with obvious results. International
organizations have recommended programmes to encourage general economic
development that target areas along with a decrease in birth rates to effect a lasting
solution.

1. Which of the options below is the best title for the passage?

A. Thomas Malthus Theory

B. The United Nations’ Estimate

C. Limiting Factors in Population Growth

D. A Brief History of Population and Overpopulation

2. According to the passage, by the year 2000 the earth’s population should exceed
the present figure by how much?

A. over four billion                     B. over five billion

C. over six billion                       D. over twelve billion

3. Who was Thomas Malthus?

A. a scientist                             B. an economist

C. a doctor of medicine             D. a United Nations’ representative

4. According to the passage, the limiting factors in population growth have been
lessened because of___________.

A. improved technology             B. scarcity

C. disasters                               D. precaution

5. What do most experts recommend in order to solve problems of overpopulation?

A. famine and epidemic

B. medical advance and improved agricultural methods

C. economic development and a decline in the birth rates

D. conservation of available resources

Part 2. Read the passage. Fill each blank with one suitable word in the box.

move few about plants live

becomes place because travel almost

The Sami live in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. There are only
(1)_______________thirty-two thousand (32,000) of them, and most of them
(2)______________ in a modem life on the coast or in the forests. Only a
(3)_______________ of them live a traditional life. These few mountain Sami are
called nomads because they move from one (4)_____________ to another with their
reindeer. Their life is  (5) _____________ the same as it was a thousand years ago.

In winter the reindeer dig through the snow to find (6)_____________for their food.
In spring these plants become very dry, and there are lots of insects. Then the Sami
(7)_________________their reindeer to the coast. The reindeer live on the thick
grass there until winter. When the snow (8)_____________deep, the Sami and their
reindeer begin moving slowly back to their winter homes. There is less snow there.
These nomads live in tents (9)_____________ they move so often. They make shoes,
jackets, and pants of reindeer skin. They also wear beautiful blue and red traditional
clothes. They walk or (10)___________________ on skis. They

have sleds, too. Reindeer pull the sleds.

B- LANGUAGE FOCUS

Exercise 1: Put the words in brackets into the correct form. Add "ll/will" or
"'d/would" if neccessary. 

1. If someone (walk)_______________ in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.

2. I’m sure she (understand)_________________ if you explain the situation to her.

3. He always (complain)_________________ if I’m late.

4. If he spoke more clearly, we (understand)___________________ him.

5. If you (ask)______________ me, I would explain it to you.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences, using conditional type 3.

Example:

He didn’t listen to his parents. He failed at the exam.

If he had listened to his parents, he wouldn V have failed at the exam.

1. The thief left his gloves at the scene. He was arrested.

If__________________________________________________________

2. I didn’t know you were coming to Hanoi. That’s why I went on holiday.

If__________________________________________________________

3. She walked to the meeting. She was late.

If__________________________________________________________

The woman didn’t say what she wanted. I put the phone down.

If__________________________________________________________

They didn’t arrive in time. They didn’t see the ceremony.

If__________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

1. “If you happen to see the man, send my regards to him,” he said to the girl.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

2. “I wouldn’t have been upset if she had written to me earlier,” the man said.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

3. “The boss would complain if we didn’t report it to him,” David said to his
colleagues.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

4. “Mum would be cross if you went on doing like this,” the girl said to her younger
brother.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

5. “If you had taken your dad’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a silly
mistake,” the mother said to her son.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
 Exercise 4. Match the definition in B to each of the words/phrases in A.

Nối các định nghĩa ở cốt B với 1 từ/ cụm từ ở cột A.

A B

1. 1- A famine A. is a town or city.

2. 2- A rural area B. is the number of births per 1,000 women of

3. 3- A plague child-bearing age per year.

4. 4- The fertility rate
5. 5- The mortality rate
6. 6- Demography
7. 7- An urban area
8. 8- The maternal mortality rate
C. is a time when there is not enough food for
people to eat.
D. is a disease which spreads from one person to
another, bringing death.
E. is a place where there are no towns or
factories.

F. is the study of population growth and

distribution.

G. is the number of deaths per 1,000 people per

annum.

H. tells us the number of women dying because

of childbirth per 1,000 live births.