❏ Deciding beforehand, what

is to be done, when is it to
be done, how it is to be done
and who is going to do it.
 Characteristics

1 Planning is goal-oriented 6 Planning involves choice

2 Planning is a primary function 7 Planning is forward looking

3 Planning
Planningisisall-pervasive
all-pervasive 8 Planning is flexible

4 Planning is a mental exercise 9 Planning is an integrated process

Planning includes efficiency

5 Planning is continuous process 1
0 and effectiveness dimension
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 Setting Monitoring
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in
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Defining Scheduling
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 Goals and Objectives
are the desired outcomes that
you want to achieve through
your planning efforts.

Strategy

is a high-level approach or plan of

action designed to achieve a specific
goal. It outlines the overall direction
and methods to be employed to
accomplish the desired outcomes.
 Concepts in Planning
Resource Allocation involves assigning and
managing the necessary resources, such as
time, money, personnel, and materials, to carry
out the plan successfully.

Timeline and Scheduling: A timeline sets out

the sequence and deadlines for completing
tasks and achieving milestones. Scheduling
ensures that activities are organized and
completed within the desired timeframe.

Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly

assessing the progress of the plan, tracking
performance against set objectives, and making
adjustments as needed to stay on track.
 Features of a Good Plan

1 It should be define objective 6 It should be economical

2 It should be simple 7 It should establish standards

3 It should beisclear
Planning all-pervasive 8 It should be balanced

4 It should be comprehensive 9 It should be practicable

5 It should be flexible
Strategic Plans
● Foundation of an organization. It defines a company’s
direction and goals, and allocating its resources to pursue
them.

● These plans include the organization’s mission, values,

and vision.

● A good strategic plan always considers things in the

long-term and remembers the big picture.
Operational Plans
● Can be on-going or single-use. It encompass what needs
to happen continually, on a day-to day basis.

● These plans include work schedules, policies, rules, or

regulations that set standards for employees, as well as
specific task assignments that relate to goals
Tactical Plans
● Describe how a strategic plan was implemented. It
involves breaking down the larger goals and objectives
into smaller, more manageable tasks that can be
completed within a shorter frame.

● Sometimes flexible and often break the strategy down into

several parts and assign actionable tasks to each part.
Contingency Plans

● Wait in the wings in case of crisis or unforeseen event.

● It covers a range of possible scenarios and appropriate

responses for issues varying from personnel planning to
advanced preparation for outside occurrences that could
negatively impact the business.
Plans according to scope involve identifying
the goals, objectives, task, resources, budget
and timeline. This is to ensure that all
required and only required work is clearly
identified, that the deliverables and outcomes
are documented, and that the boundary
conditions are adequately defined to
complete the project successfully.
1 STANDING PLANS

general statements of understanding or intent; guide

1 POLICIES decision-making, permitting the exercise of some
discretion; guide behavior

guides to action that do not permit discretion in

2 RULES interpretation; specify what is permissible and what is
not permissible.

like rules, they guide action; specify a series of steps

3 PROCEDURES that must be taken in the performance of a particular
task.
2 SINGLE-USE PLANS

a complex set of policies, rules, and procedures

1 PROGRAMS necessary to carry out a course of action.

2 PROJECTS specific action plans often created to complete various

aspects of a program.

3 BUDGETS plans expressed in numerical terms.

1. Mission - It is the statement that states
the viable reason why and how the
organization has been existing.

2. Goals/Objectives - Goals or objectives

provide direction to all other activities of
the organization and every organizational
activity is directed toward the attainment
of such objectives.

3. Strategy - It outlines the board

objectives of the organization and
decides the necessary resources
required to achieve those in the most
efficient way.
4. Policy - The policy is the general
guideline that assists employees as to choose
what decisions to make and what decisions not
to ensure consistency with the organizational
goals.

5. Procedure - The procedure is the set of

steps that explains how the particular task is to
be performed.

6. Rules - Rules are more specific and

strict than procedures. Rules are part of the
law that are impersonal which every firm’s
members have to abide by.
7. Program - It is a group of resources
used by an organization that is designed to
achieve a single key goal or set of goals.

8. Budget - A budget is simply a financial

plan that includes the estimation of future
expenditures that may require to achieve
certain objectives or goals of organizations.
A project plan is a comprehensive
document that outlines the scope,
objectives, tasks, timelines, resources,
and strategies required to successfully
complete a specific project. It serves as a
roadmap for project managers and team
members to guide the project from
initiation to completion.
Planning the project budget is a crucial step
in ensuring the successful execution of a
project. A well-prepared budget helps allocate
resources effectively, monitor expenses, and
make informed decisions throughout the
project lifecycle.
 Planning a Project Budget

1 Define Project Scope & Objective 6 Consider Contingency

2 Identify Tasks & Objectives

7 Review and Approval

Estimate Resource Requirements Create a Budget Spreadsheet

3 Planning is all-pervasive 8

4 Estimate Costs 9 Monitor & Track Expense

5 Summarize Costs 10 Manage Changes

 Planning a Project Budget

11 Document Budget Assumptions

12 Review and Adjust

Communicate Financial Status

13 Planning is all-pervasive

14 Close Out and Evaluate

15 Document Final Costs