Understanding the Social World 1st Edition

Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank

Understanding the Social World Research

Methods for the 21st Century 1st Edition
Schutt Test Bank

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1. Generating a set of individuals or other entities that give us a valid picture of all such individu-
als, or other entities is known as _________.
*a. Varies. Sampling
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: F

2. The entire set of individuals or other entities to which study findings are to be generalized is
known as _________.
*a. Varies. Population
Learning Objective: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: F

3. In many studies, we sample directly from the _______ in the population of interest.
*a. Varies. Elements
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Define Sample Components and the Population
Question Type: F

4. When there is a difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of a
population we call that _____________.
*a. Varies. Sampling error
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: F

5. A sample is known as a _____________ when the sample “looks like” the population from
which it has been selected in all respects relevant to the study.
*a. Varies. Representative sample
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: F

6. If you studied the entire population of interest, rather than drawing a sample you are conduct-
ing a _________.
*a. Varies. Census
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and the sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: F

7.___________ sampling methods are methods that are not based on advance knowledge of the
likelihood of selecting each element.
*a. Varies. Nonprobability
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: F

8. People who do not participate in a study although they were selected to are called _______.
*a. Varies. Nonrespondents
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of population in-
cluded in the sample
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: F
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
9. An underrepresentation of some population characteristics in a sample resulting from the
method used to select the sample is known as a __________.
*a. Varies. Systematic Bias
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of population in-
cluded in the sample
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Probability Sampling Methods
Question Type: F

10. The random dialing by a machine of numbers within designated phone prefixes is called
________. This creates a random sample for phone surveys.
*a. Varies. Random digit dialing

Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Simple Random Sampling
Question Type: F

11. Using information known about the total population before sampling to make the sampling
process more efficient is known as _________.
*a. Varies. Stratified random sampling
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stratified Random Sampling
Question Type: F

12. A naturally occurring, mixed aggregate of elements of the population is known as

a____________.
*a. Varies. Cluster
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cluster Sampling
Question Type: F

13. Understanding sampling distributions is the foundation for understanding how statisticians
can estimate ____________.
*a. Varies. Sampling error
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Question Type: F

14. If elements were selected for a specific purpose this would be a form of ________ sampling.
*a. Varies. Purposive
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Purposive Sampling
Question Type: F

15._________ is a powerful tool for social science research and must often be used.
*a. Varies. Sampling

Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Conclusion
Question Type: F

16. If you are using populations that are hard-to-reach or hard-to-identify, a useful sampling
method would be _______ sampling.
*a. Varies. Snowball
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Snowball Sampling
Question Type: F

17. If elements are selected because they are available or easy to find you would be using
_________ sampling.
*a. Varies. Availability
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Question Type: F

18.___________ is the value of a statistic, such as a mean, computed using the data from the en-
tire population.
*a. Varies. Population parameter
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Question Type: F

19. A __________ table is a table containing lists of numbers that are ordered solely on the basis
of chance.
*a. Varies. Random number
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Simple Random Sampling
Question Type: F

20. The likelihood that an element will be selected from the population for inclusion in the sam-
ple is known as _____________.
*a. Varies. Probability of selection
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: F

21. List the five points about sample quality stated in Chapter 5.
*a. Varies. Researchers cannot evaluate the quality of a sample if they do not know what popula-
tion it is supposed to represent; researchers cannot evaluate the quality of a sample if they do not
know how cases in the sample were selected from the population; sample quality is determined
by the sample actually obtained, not just by the sampling method itself; researchers need to be
aware that other researchers who obtain very good samples may talk about the implications of
their findings for some group that is larger than the population they actually sampled; a sample
that allows for comparisons involving theoretically important variables is better than one that
does not allow such comparisons.
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Planning
Question Type: ESS

22. Identify and explain the four types of nonprobability sampling methods. Provide examples of
each. Why are these techniques inferior to probability sampling techniques?
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
*a. Varies. Availability sampling—sampling in which elements are selected on the basis of con-
venience such as students in an introduction to sociology class; quota sampling—a nonprobabil-
ity sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain
characteristics in proportion to their prevalence in the population such as matching the exact per-
centage of females and males in the sample to reflect the percentage in the population as a
whole; purposive sampling—a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected
for a purpose, usually because of their unique position such as directors of homeless shelters;
snowball sampling—a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected as they are
identified by successive informants or interviewees such as interviewing leaders of a small com-
munity who will in turn point out other informants that will participate in the study; nonprobabil-
ity sampling does not allow researchers to know in advance the likelihood of selecting each ele-
ment in the population, therefore the results are less generalizable to the whole population.
Learning Objective: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: Application

23. Describe how you would select a sample of students from your college, using random sam-
pling techniques.
*Varies. Random sampling—a method of sampling that relies on a random, or chance, selection
method so that every element of the sampling frame has a known probability of being selected;
begin with a sampling frame, perhaps a directory that lists all the names of students at the col-
lege; then by using a computer program of a random number generator, select a number and go
down the list starting from the top and pick every nth person to be selected for the study; make
sure the names are not in alphabetical order.
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

24. The list from which elements of populations are selected for a sample is known as the:
a. Population
b. Sample
c. Element
*d. Sampling frame
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

25. The entire set of individuals or other entities to which study findings will be generalized is
the:
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
*a. Population
b. Sample
c. Target population
d. Sampling frame
Learning Objective: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

26. A subset of the population used to study the population as a whole is known as a/an:
a. Target population
b. Sampling frame
*c. Sample
d. Element

Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

27. How can a researcher test the validity of cross-population generalizations?

a. Setting higher confidence intervals
*b. Conducting more research in other sites
c. Reducing sampling error
d. Selecting a larger sample
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

28. What new technique did the U. S. Census introduce in 2010 in an attempt to increase the re-
sponse rate?
a. Financial incentives
b. Random sampling techniques
*c. Internet-based response option
d. Only face-to-face interviews
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

29. A survey that takes measurements from all elements of a population is also known as a:
a. Representative sample
b. Disproportionate representative sample
c. Proportionate representative sample
*d. Probability sampling
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

30. Response rates in a random sample should be at least _______ percent, in order to estimate a
population parameter.
a. 30

*b. 70
c. 50
d. 20
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

31. If one third of all elements in a population will be selected for a simple random sample, the
probability of selection for each element in the population is:
a. 0.05
b. 0.13
*c. 0.33
d. 0.67
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

32. In the population of New Town, 30 percent of the people work for Bigg Corporation, 30 per-
cent work in the public sector (including education), and 40 percent are self-employed. In a sur-
vey of 100 residents of New Town, 40 people worked for Bigg Corporation, 40 percent worked
in the public sector, and 20 people were self-employed. This sample was:
a. Overrepresented
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
b. Underrepresented
c. Nonprobabilistic
*d. Unrepresentative
Learning Objective: Explain when nonprobability sampling methods may be preferred
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

33. Which of the following is FALSE about probability sampling methods?

a. The probability of selection is known for all elements.
b. The probability of selection is greater than zero for all elements.
c. There is no systematic bias in selection.
*d. There is no sampling error.
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Reevaluating

Answer Location: Sampling Methods

Question Type: MC

34. Which of the following is true?

*a. In most cases the raw size of the sample is less important than the fraction of the population
that the sample represents.
b. A smaller sample tends to be more representative of a population than a larger drawn from the
same population.
c. A sample of 3 percent of the population is always more representative of the population than a
sample of 2 percent of the population, regardless of the size of the sample drawn.
d. The more heterogeneous a population is, the more likely a sample will be representative of it.
Learning Objective: Identify the circumstances that make sampling unnecessary and the reasons
they are rare
Cognitive Domain: Reevaluating
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

35. When nothing but chance determines the elements selected for a sample, there is no:
*a. Sampling error
b. Probability of selection
c. Parameter
d. Confidence interval
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of population in-
cluded in the sample
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

36. Which of the following is not a procedure for simple random selection of elements?
a. Assigning consecutive numbers to elements, and selecting on the basis of a random number
table
*b. Selecting every nth element from a sampling frame, after the starting point has been ran-
domly selected
c. Using a computer to dial random digits after a phone prefix
d. Writing all elements down on small pieces of paper, mixing them up, and selecting them like
they do in the lottery
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Reevaluating
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

37. Which of the following is false regarding simple random sampling?

a. A procedure identifies cases strictly on the basis of chance.
b. A random number table can be used to draw a simple random sample.
c. Computers can generate random numbers, cases, or phone numbers.
*d. Simple random sampling must be done with replacement sampling.
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Reevaluating
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

38. A researcher gets a list of all 500 members of Social Club Z that she wants to include in her
study. She only has the funding and time to survey 50 members. She takes her list of members,
randomly selects a starting point, and then selects every tenth name from the list to be included
in her sample. In this example, the sampling interval is:
a. The list of all 500 members
b. 500
c. 50
*d. 10
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

39. Sampling bias known as periodicity occurs in which type of sampling design?
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
a. Simple random
*b. Systematic random
c. Stratified random
d. Multistage cluster
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

40. A researcher studying small town religiosity in the United States randomly selected ten
states. From these states, he randomly selected one tenth of all counties. From these counties, he
randomly selected one tenth of cities with populations smaller than 10,000. From these towns, he
obtained lists of all houses of worship and randomly selected three. From these, he selected ten
practitioners to be interviewed. In this example, which is not a cluster?
a. States
b. Counties

c. Cities with populations less than 10,000

*d. Houses of worship
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

41. Which two sampling methods require that the researcher know something about the salient
characteristics of the population (such as race, ethnicity, or gender) before selecting samples?
a. Simple random and stratified random
*b. Stratified random and quota
c. Quota and multi-stage cluster
d. Multi-stage cluster and purposive
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

42. When a 1936 Literary Digest poll found overwhelming support for Alfred Landon’s presi-
dential bid over Franklin Delano Roosevelt, they made an erroneous prediction that Landon
would defeat FDR. What are the probable sources for error in their poll that helps explain their
mistake?
a. Non-response rate was high
b. Sample was not representative of the population
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
c. Failed to use probability sampling techniques
*d. All of the above
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases sampled, the heterogeneity of the population, and the fraction of population in-
cluded in the sample
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

43. Which of the following is NOT a means for generating a random sample?
*a. Stopping the first people you meet on the street
b. Flipping a coin
c. Rolling a die
d. Using a lottery method
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Reevaluating

Answer Location: Sampling Methods

Question Type: MC

44. Quota sampling is advisable when:

*a. Salient characteristics about the population are known before the sample is drawn
b. A sampling frame is unavailable
c. Salient characteristics about the population are unknown
d. The diversity of a population needs to be assessed
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

45. A list of 1000 students in alphabetical order has been provided to you, and you want a sample
of 50. Using systematic random sampling techniques, what is the sampling interval?
a. 1/50
b. 1/20
c. 10
*d. 20
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank

46. In purposive sampling, a researcher should continue to select interviewees until which of the
following things have been achieved?
a. Quotas have been met.
*b. Completeness and saturation have been achieved.
c. Time and other resources have run out.
d. Probability of selection has been determined.
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sample Methods
Question Type: MC

47. A researcher has decided to do a study of people who hunt in a nearby national forest. He
asks a friend, whom he knows to be a hunter, if he would consent to an interview. He interviews
his friend, and then asks his friend if he could name other people who hunted in the forest. His
friend provides him with five names. The researcher contacts those five people, interviews them,
and asks each of those people for names of other hunters. This sampling technique is known as:

a. Casual sampling
b. Personal sampling
c. Key informant interviewing
*d. Snowball sampling
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

48. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sample quality?

a. Sample quality cannot be evaluated if population is not specified.
b. Sample quality cannot be evaluated if selection technique is not specified.
*c. Sample quality is determined by the selection method itself, not the actual sample obtained.
d. Cross-population generalizations are conjecture, no matter how strong the sample generaliza-
tion.
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sample Planning
Question Type: MC

49. Which of the following is false regarding normal curves?

a. Sampling distributions for many statistics have a normal shape.
b. A normal distribution looks like a bell.
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
*c. A normal distribution is asymmetric.
d. The shape of a normal distribution is produced by random sampling error.
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

50. Which of the following is not a convention for confidence intervals in the social sciences?
*a. 80%
b. 95%
c. 99%
d. 99.9%
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: Sampling Methods

51. You have a population of 100, with 20% of them male and 80% female. The mean income
for men is $100,000 and for women is $68,000. To estimate the mean income for the entire pop-
ulation, what is the weight you should use for the male population?
a. 10
*b. 20
c. 40
d. 80
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: MC

52. What is the logic of inferential statistics? Why are inferential statistics relevant for social re-
search?
*a. Varies. Inferential statistics—A mathematical tool for estimating how likely it is that a statis-
tical result based on data from a random sample is representative of the population from which
the sample is assumed to have been selected; inferential statistics is relevant due to the fact that it
helps researchers calculate the sampling error since sampling distributions are theoretical and
cannot actually be observed.
Learning Objective: Identify the relation between the desired sample, the obtained sample, the
sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: SA
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank

53. In social research, what is the importance of sampling? Why are probability sampling tech-
niques superior to non-probability sampling in achieving this end?
*a. Varies. Sampling allows researchers to obtain information from a subset of a population ra-
ther than study the population as a whole which is infeasible and difficult; probability sampling
allows researchers to rely on a random selection method so that the probability of selection of
population elements is known; therefore, everyone in a given population are equally as likely to
be chosen for the study; nonprobability sampling does not allow researchers to know in advance
the likelihood of selecting each element in the population, therefore the results are less general-
izable to the whole population
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: SA

54. What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?

*a. Varies. Probability sampling methods are those in which the probability of selection is known
and is not zero; nonprobability sampling method—sampling method in which the probability of
selection of population elements is unknown
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: SA

55. What is snowball sampling? When would this type of sampling method be appropriate to
use?
*a. Varies. Snowball sampling—a method of sampling in which sample elements are selected as
they are identified by successive informants or interviewees such as interviewing leaders of a
small community who will in turn point out other informants that will participate in the study;
snowball sampling is most effective when used in a study whose target population is inaccessible
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: SA

56. If you were using information known about the total population before sampling to make the
process easier, you would be using stratified random sampling.
*a. True
b. False
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stratified Random Sampling
Question Type: TF

57. A sample is always from the target population.

a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Identify the relationship between the desired sample, the obtained sample,
the sampling frame, and sample quality
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: TF

58. Cluster Sampling is only useful when a sampling frame of elements is available.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling method and
indicate when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cluster Sampling
Question Type: TF

59. Sample generalizability depends on the amount of sampling error in order to determine the
quality of the sample.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: TF

60. The larger the sampling error is, the more representative the sample becomes.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluative Generalizability
Question Type: TF
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
61. Proportionate stratified sampling is a method of sampling that relies on a random selection
method.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Stratified Random Sampling
Question Type: TF

62. Elements are used for availability sampling because they are easy to find.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Question Type: TF

63. Qualitative research methods are often used in probability sampling methods.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonprobability Sampling Methods
Question Type: TF

64. Quota sampling is a nonprobability method intended to overcome the flaw of availability
sampling in which the sample will just consist of whoever or whatever is available.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Quota Sampling
Question Type: TF

65. If all the elements that would be sampled are identical, sampling would be unnecessary.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Answer Location: Highlights
Question Type: TF

66. Well-designed samples may require some advanced knowledge of the population to be sam-
pled.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Conclusion
Question Type: TF

67. Not all probability sampling methods use random sampling.

a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stratified Random Sampling
Question Type: TF

68. A good sampling frame will never have systematic bias.

a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Describe the concept of sampling error and explain how it is affected by the
number of cases
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Methods
Question Type: TF

69. Simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic ran-
dom sampling are the four most common methods for drawing random samples.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Probability Sampling
Question Type: TF

70. A representative sample has some characteristics that are underrepresented or overrepre-
sented compared to the population.
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: TF

71. Conducting a census of the entire population of interest you can eliminates the issue of gen-
eralizability.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Distinguish the two meanings of generalizability
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Evaluate Generalizability
Question Type: TF

72. A list consisting of all the elements in a population is a sampling frame.

*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Define Sample Components and the Population
Question Type: TF

73. Drawing a cluster sample is a simple one step procedure where the researcher obtains a list of
clusters.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cluster sampling
Question Type: TF

74. Inferential statistics is a mathematical tool for estimating the number of cases from one sam-
pled case to another.
a. True
*b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Understanding the Social World 1st Edition
Russell K. Schutt

Chapter 5: Sampling and Generalizability

Test Bank
Question Type: TF

75. The magnitude of a sampling error resulting from chance factors can be estimated statisti-
cally.
*a. True
b. False
Learning Objective: Define and distinguish the major types of probability sampling and indicate
when each is preferred
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sampling Error
Question Type: TF